Justia › US Law › Case Law › Federal Courts › District Courts › Michigan › Eastern District of Michigan › 2022 › Ryan v. Nagy et al › Filing 70
Ryan v. Nagy et al, No. 2:2020cv11528 - Document 70 (E.D. Mich. 2022)
Court Description: OPINION and ORDER Granting in Part Plaintiff's Motion for Relief from Judgment 58 . Signed by District Judge Laurie J. Michelson. (EPar)
Ryan v. Nagy et al Doc. 70 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1308 Filed 11/21/22 Page 1 of 11 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION SEAN MICHAEL RYAN, Plaintiff, v. Case No. 20-11528 Honorable Laurie J. Michelson Mag. Judge Patricia T. Morris NOAH NAGY, HEIDI WASHINGTON, and GRETCHEN WHITMER, Defendants. OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING IN PART PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT [58] Sean Ryan is an inmate at the G. Robert Cotton Correctional Facility (JCF), a Michigan Department of Corrections prison located in Jackson, Michigan. Many inmates at JCF live in shared housing: either two inmates share a small cell or 150 inmates share a large pole barn. Ryan believes that because inmates must share sleeping and living quarters, they are at risk of contracting contagious diseases including—but not limited to—COVID-19. Based on this belief, Ryan maintains that MDOC Director Heidi Washington's and JCF Warden Noah Nagy's policy or practice of shared housing violates the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and the analogous provision of the Michigan Constitution. So Ryan filed this lawsuit. In a January 2022 opinion and order, this Court dismissed Ryan's claims insofar as they sought monetary relief for past injuries. See generally Ryan v. Nagy, Dockets.Justia.com Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1309 Filed 11/21/22 Page 2 of 11 No. 20-11528, 2022 WL 260812 (E.D. Mich. Jan. 26, 2022). The Court reasoned that Ryan had not cited precedent that gave Defendants clear notice that the shared housing arrangements at JCF were unlawful because they exposed inmates to contagious diseases. See id. at *2–3. So to the extent that Ryan had sued Defendants in their individual capacities, his claims for damages were barred by qualified immunity. See id. And, the Court explained, to the extent that Ryan had sued Defendants in their official capacities, his claims for damages were barred by sovereign immunity. Id. at *3. Thus, "Ryan's claims, insofar as they seek damages, [we]re DISMISSED." Id. at *7. Ryan disagrees with that ruling and asks the Court to change it. (ECF No. 58.) Ryan seeks relief under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b), but that rule does not apply here. Rule 60(b) is limited to finals orders or judgments. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60 advisory committee's note to 1946 amendment ("The addition of the qualifying word 'final' emphasizes the character of the judgments, orders or proceedings from which Rule 60(b) affords relief . . . ."). In the order that Ryan challenges, the Court ruled that he was not entitled to damages for his claims, but "Ryan's claims, insofar as they seek prospective, injunctive relief, remain[ed] in this case." Ryan, 2022 WL 260812, at *7. So the Court did not enter a final order or judgment. See 10 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Fed. Prac. & Proc. Civ. § 2654 (4th ed.) ("Absent a certification under Rule 54(b) any order in a multiple-party or multiple-claim action, 2 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1310 Filed 11/21/22 Page 3 of 11 even if it appears to adjudicate a separable portion of the controversy, is interlocutory" rather than final). Although Ryan's motion does not invoke the proper procedural rule, Ryan is not a lawyer who has been trained in those rules. And, as will be explained, his motion has some merit. So the Court will address the merits. See Mallory v. Eyrich, 922 F.2d 1273, 1282 (6th Cir. 1991) ("District courts have inherent power to reconsider interlocutory orders and reopen any part of a case before entry of a final judgment."). Ryan's motion challenging this Court's January 2022 order essentially comes in two parts. For one, Ryan says that this Court erred in finding that there was no clearly established law giving Defendants notice that their conduct was unlawful. For two, Ryan says that his claim for damages, insofar as it is based on a violation of the Michigan Constitution, should not have been dismissed. The Court disagrees with Ryan on part one but agrees with him on part two. The Court previously ruled that the cases Ryan had cited did not "clearly establish[] that requiring two people to share a one-person cell, or requiring many people to share a pole barn, violates the Eighth Amendment because it exposes the inmates to contagious diseases." Ryan, 2022 WL 260812, at *3. Ryan says this finding was error. In support of that assertion, Ryan cites numerous cases that he says clearly establish "that it is unconstitutional to mingle inmates with contagious diseases with other inmates." (ECF No. 58, PageID.885.) 3 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1311 Filed 11/21/22 Page 4 of 11 Ryan again runs into a procedural problem. Aside from Helling and Hutto, which this Court already addressed, Ryan did not cite the cases he relies on now in his briefing before the Magistrate Judge or in his objections to this Court. (See ECF No. 27, PageID.375 (citing Helling and Hutto as clearly established law); ECF No. 32, PageID.427–430 (same).) And, generally speaking, it is not fair for a litigant to ask for reconsideration of a Court's decision based on arguments that could have been, but were not, made before the Court ruled. See Murr v. U.S., 200 F.3d 895, 902 n.1 (6th Cir. 2000) ("[A]bsent compelling reasons, [the Federal Magistrates Act] does not allow parties to raise at the district court stage new arguments or issues that were not presented to the magistrate."); cf. E.D. Mich. LR 7.1(h) (providing that a motion for reconsideration is warranted where "[t]he court made a mistake, correcting the mistake changes the outcome of the prior decision, and the mistake was based on the record and law before the court at the time of its prior decision" (emphasis added)). And even looking past the procedural improprieties, none of the cases Ryan now cites gave Washington and Nagy clear notice that housing two people in a singleperson cell or housing many people in a pole barn is unconstitutional because it is possible for one or more of them to have a serious, contagious disease. Ryan again cites Helling and Hutto. But Helling did not give clear notice because the plaintiff had to endure a cellmate who breathed cigarette smoke into the air, not a cellmate who breathed pathogens into the air. See 509 U.S. 25, 28 (1993). And while Hutto did involve contagious diseases, the housing conditions there were quite different than those at JCF. See 437 U.S. 678, 682–83 (1978) ("At night the 4 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1312 Filed 11/21/22 Page 5 of 11 prisoners were given mattresses to spread on the floor. Although some prisoners suffered from infectious diseases such as hepatitis and venereal disease, mattresses were removed and jumbled together each morning, then returned to the cells at random in the evening."). Ryan also cites Valentine v. Collier, 141 S. Ct. 57 (2020); but that is merely a dissent (from a denial of an application to vacate a stay). Dissents do not clearly establish anything. Ryan directs the Court's attention to four district court opinions. It is highly doubtful that four district courts can clearly establish law, especially when three of them are from outside this Circuit. See Hopkins v. Nichols, 37 F.4th 1110, 1116 (6th Cir. 2022) ("To determine whether the law is clearly established we must look first to decisions of the Supreme Court, then to decisions of this court and other courts within our circuit, and finally to decisions of other circuits." (internal quotation marks omitted)); Ashford v. Raby, 951 F.3d 798, 804 (6th Cir. 2020) ("[W]e can't expect officers to keep track of persuasive authority from every one of our sister circuits. They spend their time trying to protect the public, not reading casebooks."); cf. Rhodes v. Michigan, 10 F.4th 665, 682 (6th Cir. 2021) ("[W]here an array of our sibling circuits have acted in concert on an issue, we have not hesitated to hold that out-ofcircuit precedent has clearly established a constitutional right."). In any event, the four district court opinions did not address a claim like Ryan's. 5 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1313 Filed 11/21/22 Page 6 of 11 Consider Wright and Joy first. True, they say that "inmates can state an Eighth Amendment claim for confinement in a cell with an inmate who has a serious contagious disease that is spread by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis." Joy v. Healthcare C.M.S., 534 F. Supp. 2d 482, 485 (D. Del. 2008); see also Wright v. Hayden, No. CIV A 5:08CV-179-R, 2009 WL 909562, at *2 (W.D. Ky. Mar. 31, 2009) (similar). But what appears to be missing from that statement of law is what prison officials know: requiring inmates to share a cell while knowing that one of them has a serious, contagious disease is different than requiring inmates to share a cell while knowing it is possible for one of them to have a serious, contagious disease. See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994) (providing that prison official violates the Eighth Amendment only if he infers a "substantial" risk of serious harm). Further, tracing Wright and Joy's statement of law back to its source ends at Helling and Hutto. And, again, the facts of Helling and Hutto are not like the facts of this case. As for Wright itself, the court there found that officials did not expose the plaintiffs to a substantial risk of serious harm when they required them to share a cell with an HIV-positive inmate. 2009 WL 909562, at *3. And the court in Joy merely found that the plaintiffs had pled a viable claim where they alleged that the warden "was aware that inmates were not thoroughly screened for disease before going into general population and that Correctional Medical Services does not have a policy in place to examine inmates before placing them into general population." 534 F. Supp. 2d at 485. Ryan has not directed the Court to evidence that Warden Nagy is similarly indifferent. 6 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1314 Filed 11/21/22 Page 7 of 11 A third district court opinion that Ryan relies on, Legate v. Livingston, is further afield. That case addressed a prisoner's claim that he contracted Hepatitis C because a prison policy "allowed Native American practitioners to smoke a communal pipe." No. 2:14-CV-269, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 180135, at *2 (Aug. 6, 2014), report and recommendation adopted by 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2997 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 12, 2015). Ryan also relies on Cameron v. Bouchard, 462 F. Supp. 3d 746 (E.D. Mich. 2020). True, that early-pandemic decision did find it problematic that "almost half of the Jail's population was housed in multi-person cells, with a significant number in housing units with more than 10 individuals." Cameron v. Bouchard, 462 F. Supp. 3d 746, 777 (E.D. Mich. May 21, 2020). But that decision was vacated on appeal. Cameron v. Bouchard, 815 F. App'x 978, 986 (6th Cir. 2020) ("Given the lack of evidence as to whether the empty cells could be safely occupied, Plaintiffs have not satisfied their burden of showing that officials have left these cells empty out of an objectively (or subjectively) reckless disregard of the risks of COVID-19."). Vacated decisions are not law, let alone clearly established law. United States v. Sigma Int'l, Inc., 300 F.3d 1278, 1280 (11th Cir. 2002). Accordingly, the Court did not err in finding that Defendants are entitled to qualified immunity. While the Eighth Amendment might prohibit prison officials from housing a prisoner who they know has a serious, contagious disease with other prisoners, Ryan's claim goes further. As this Court understands it, Ryan claims that Washington and Nagy violated the Eighth Amendment by requiring inmates to share 7 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1315 Filed 11/21/22 Page 8 of 11 housing because they know that at any given time, an inmate might have a serious, contagious disease. None of the cases Ryan cites go that far. Indeed, most prisons in the country use some form of shared housing. Ryan also claims that because he brought a claim under the Michigan Constitution, the Court erred in completely dismissing his damages claims. (See ECF No. 58, PageID.888.) Although the case Ryan cites is not directly on point (see id.), the Court agrees with Ryan that his claims for damages should not have been dismissed in their entirety. In its prior opinion, the Court focused on Ryan's claim under the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and found that a combination of qualified immunity (individual capacity) and sovereign immunity (official capacity) barred Ryan's claim for damages. See Ryan v. Nagy, No. 20-11528, 2022 WL 260812, at *2– 6 (E.D. Mich. Jan. 26, 2022). As for Ryan's claim under the Michigan Constitution's "cruel or unusual" provision, the Court "ma[d]e no finding as to the viability" of that claim. Ryan, 2022 WL 260812, at *7. The Court noted that Defendants urged the Court to decline supplemental jurisdiction over that claim and that the Magistrate Judge had recommended the same. And while "[t]hat may well end up being the proper route to take," the Court concluded that "this issue can be revisited at a later date." Id. That made sense: the parties still needed to litigate Ryan's Eighth Amendment claim for injunctive relief. 8 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1316 Filed 11/21/22 Page 9 of 11 Unfortunately, the Court's opinion concluded with this order: "Ryan's claims, insofar as they seek damages, are DISMISSED." Id. at *7. That was too broad. Although at least two judges have argued otherwise, the Sixth Circuit has held that sovereign immunity does not bar a claim for damages when a state official is sued in her individual capacity for violating state law. See Williams v. Com. of Ky., 24 F.3d 1526, 1543 (6th Cir. 1994) ("[N]either the Eleventh Amendment nor Pennhurst [v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89 (1984)] deprives federal courts of jurisdiction over state law claims for damages against state officials sued in their individual capacities."); accord Koch v. Dep't of Nat. Res., 858 F. App'x 832, 836 (6th Cir. 2021). But see In re Ohio Execution Protocol Litig., 709 F. App'x 779, 785 (6th Cir. 2017) (Sutton, J., concurring) ("I am skeptical about this statement in Williams. . . . I see no reason why the rationale of [Pennhurst] does not apply equally, if not more forcefully, to a state law money damages action against a state employee."); Koch v. Dep't of Nat. Res., 858 F. App'x 832, 840 (6th Cir. 2021) (Bush, J., concurring) ("I agree with Judge Sutton that the logic of Pennhurst applies to state-law claims for damages against state officials in their personal capacities."). And it appears that state-law immunities do not protect state officials who violate the state constitution. See Bauserman v. Unemployment Ins. Agency, — N.W.2d. —, No. 160813, 2022 WL 2965921, at *14 & n.13 (Mich. July 26, 2022) (holding that the State of Michigan can be liable for damages for violating the Michigan Constitution but that "whether other entities, such as . . . individual government actors, can be liable for constitutional torts is not before us, and we decline to address that question"). And so the Court should not have 9 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1317 Filed 11/21/22 Page 10 of 11 dismissed Ryan's claim for damages insofar as it was based on the Michigan Constitution's "cruel or unusual" punishment clause. So what is the best course forward? The first step is clear: the Court will reinstate Ryan's request for damages insofar as it is based on the Michigan Constitution. From there the path ahead gets murkier. In accordance with this Court's January 2022 order, it appears that the parties' discovery focused on present and future circumstances—not on past circumstances relating to damages. (See e.g., ECF No. 48, PageID.637 (objecting to discovery request on the basis that discovery should be limited to Ryan's circumstances as of February 1, 2022).) And recently, Defendants have moved for summary judgment on Ryan's remaining claims. (ECF No. 64.) So, potentially, the reinstatement of Ryan's claim for damages will require unwinding this litigation a bit. For now, the Court need not look too far down the road. Based on evidence gathered after this Court's January 2022 opinion, the Court doubts that Ryan has standing to seek forward-looking, injunctive relief. This doubt is detailed in a separate opinion and order entered today. If Ryan in fact lacks standing to seek injunctive relief, then Ryan's Eighth Amendment claim under the U.S. Constitution would need to be dismissed in its entirety. (As discussed, the Court already dismissed the Eighth Amendment claim for damages.) And if the federal claim is dismissed in its entirety, it may be best to decline supplemental jurisdiction over Ryan's state claim. 10 Case 2:20-cv-11528-LJM-PTM ECF No. 70, PageID.1318 Filed 11/21/22 Page 11 of 11 In short, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Ryan's motion for relief from judgment (ECF No. 58). His Eighth Amendment claim, insofar as he seeks damages for past injuries, remains dismissed—the Court did not err in finding that qualified and sovereign immunity shield Defendants from that federal claim. But Ryan's claims for damages should not have been dismissed in their entirety because he also sought damages for Defendants' violation of the Michigan Constitution. Thus, Ryan's claim for damages under the Michigan Constitution will— for the time being—be reinstated. To the extent the January 2022 opinion stated otherwise—and only to that limited extent—it is VACATED. See Mallory v. Eyrich, 922 F.2d 1273, 1282 (6th Cir. 1991) ("District courts have inherent power to reconsider interlocutory orders and reopen any part of a case before entry of a final judgment."). The Court will address whether to expand discovery to address Ryan's damages claim at a later date. SO ORDERED. Dated: November 21, 2022 s/Laurie J. Michelson LAURIE J. MICHELSON UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 11


Home Local Sports
Westham hand over to Liverpool their first of the season.
Pablo Fornals was the hero, assisting one goal and scoring another, as West Ham United brought Liverpool's 20-game Premier League unbeaten run to an end with a thrilling 3-2 win at the Olympic Stadium.
in Local Sports
The 'Reds' have been quick starters as of late, having scored in the opening ten minutes of their previous three Premier League matches. This time, however, roles were reversed as West Ham took a fourth-minute lead. Pablo Fornals whipped in a dangerous corner that was diverted in by the hand of Alisson, who was under pressure from Angelo Ogbonna. VAR checked for a possible foul and a handball from the Italian, and after both were found inconclusive, the goal stood.
Liverpool dominated in search of an equaliser, holding 69% of possession before HT, but were made to work hard to break down the 'Hammers' 11-man, deep block. They didn't manage a shot on target until the 41st minute, but what a shot it was, as Trent Alexander-Arnold equalised with a thunderous free-kick. Mohamed Salah was felled on the edge of the box by Declan Rice, and the England right back gave the onlooking Łukasz Fabiański no chance as his resulting effort nestled in the top-right corner.
With all to play for in the second half, the visitors' unbeaten run at the Olympic Stadium was under fire again in the opening minutes as Rice headed onto the crossbar. The hosts' resurgence began here, troubling Liverpool greatly on the counter, and in the 67th minute they retook the lead. Fornals broke through the lines and added a goal to his earlier assist, with Alisson not getting enough on the ball to prevent it creeping in. Liverpool crumbled at the sight of another set piece with 16 minutes to play, this time Kurt Zouma heading in his first for the club, and the 'Reds' looked dejected, staring a first defeat of the season in the face.
Divock Origi entered the fray and provided an 82nd-minute lifeline, turning and firing into the bottom right for 3-2, and Sadio Mané headed a glorious opportunity wide in injury-time as an equaliser narrowly avoided Jürgen Klopp's side. Liverpool's five-match unbeaten run at the Olympic Stadium comes to an end, and David Moyes' men leapfrog their opponents into third place in the table.
CAF introduces the new Women's Club Licensing System to WCL Clubs.


Coalition Voices Commitment to End Partisan Staffing
Ljubljana, 13 January - The four coalition parties reiterated their commitment to do away with the practice of partisan staffing as they held their first summit after assuming power in November. The party presidents and deputy faction leaders also discussed austerity measures, cooperation with the opposition and World War II laws.
Prime Minister Borut Pahor speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
Photo: Tamino Petelinsek/STA
Prime Minister Borut Pahor (left) and the head of Zares, Gregor Golobic, following a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
The leaders of the four coalition parties after a press statement following a meeting on topical issues.
The president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
The head of Zares, Gregor Golobic, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
The leader of the Pensioners' Party (DeSUS), Karl Erjavec, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
From left to right: The head of Zares, Gregor Golobic, the president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal, Prime Minister Borut Pahor, and the leader of the Pensioners' Party (DeSUS), Karl Erjavec, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
From left to right: The head of Zares, Gregor Golobic, the president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal, the leader of the Pensioners' Party (DeSUS), Karl Erjavec, and Prime Minister Borut Pahor, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
From left to right: the president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal, the head of Zares, Gregor Golobic, Prime Minister Borut Pahor, and the leader of the Pensioners' Party (DeSUS), Karl Erjavec, speaking to the press after a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties on topical issues.
A summit of the top officials of the coalition parties discussing topical issues.
gantar, pahor, foto tamino
Theleader of the Pensioners' Party (DeSUS), Karel Erjavec, arriving at a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties discussing topical issues.
The president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal (left), arriving at a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties discussing topical issues.
The president of the Liberal Democrats (LDS), Katarina Kresal, arriving at a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties discussing topical issues.
Parliament Speaker Pavel Gantar (left) and Prime Minister Borut Pahor at a summit of the top officials of the coalition parties discussing topical issues.
Jan 13, 2009, 19:54 ep/sz
Publish time: Jan 13, 2009, 19:54
Keywords: COALITION, MEETING
Author: ep/sz


About OMF
The OMF Team
We want to hear your thoughts about One Meralco Foundation and its social development programs. Click here.
The Foundation is humbled with the recognition given by various stakeholders here and abroad. They do not only celebrate the work the Foundation does, but more importantly, they inspire us to strive harder in making a positive impact on the lives of many Filipinos.
Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response
Marawi evacuees hope to return, thank donors for the 'malasakit'
Log-in or Sign-up to claim your 2 points for reading this article!
One Meralco Foundation
ILIGAN CITY — Residents displaced by the ongoing conflict in Marawi City still vividly recall the harrowing stories of their escape but many of them, especially the children, still hope that one day they could return to their city in peace.
Eleven-year old Sandara, whose family is among the close to 300 currently taking shelter at the Brgy. Maria Cristina Gymnasium in Iligan City, was on her way home in Camp Ranao along with her friends when the Maute terrorist group attacked the city.
It was only the following day, however, when her family managed to flee, traveling more than 12 kilometers on foot to the town of Pantar before proceeding to Iligan City.
"Our father told us that we needed to leave and instructed us to pack only our very important stuff," she said in Cebuano. "And so, I grabbed my knapsack and gathered all my clothes, especially the new ones. But when he realized that my bag was too heavy, he told me to leave most of my belongings behind instead."
It wasn't long before major roads and highways became congested with vehicles of people trying to escape the conflict. Those who didn't have one had no choice but to walk on foot for close to four hours, many with their children in tow.
Julita Nonongon, a grandmother of 12, was among them. Despite her age, she managed to endure the long hike, along with her sons and their wives and children. Her daughter-in-law Cecille, 24, was pregnant with her fourth child at the time and was nearing her due date. Cecille would deliver her child several weeks later at an Iligan City public hospital.
"It was really hard but we didn't have a choice. The night before, we couldn't sleep because of the sound of relentless gunfire and bombs exploding," she recalled in an interview with a program officer of One Meralco Foundation during its relief operations here last week.
"Fortunately, upon arriving in Pantar, we were able to hire a truck to take us to the nearest evacuation center in Iligan City. We only had enough money for food and emergency expenses but because we had to pay the truck driver P1,000, we arrived in Iligan City short of cash," she said.
Nonongon and her family ended up in Brgy. Maria Cristina, where an already cramped gymnasium was going to be their home for the next two months — or longer.
"We are grateful that we have survived the ordeal, although I must admit that our life here is very different from what it used to be.
Back in Marawi, before the conflict happened, I sold peanuts and popcorn at passenger terminals and in schools. My husband and sons were pedicab drivers. We might not have had much, but at least we were earning some income. At present, we are dependent on help from the government and generous individuals and companies," she explained.
Since the evacuees do not know for sure when their supplies are replenished and how soon they will last, they manage their available resources, careful not to waste each and every relief pack they receive.
"Whenever we receive goods, we think of our children first and then ourselves," said Nonongon.
Apart from food, sanitation and hygiene have also become a problem in many evacuation centers. Many children suffer from air-borne, respiratory and skin diseases.
To replenish the food supply and address the need for proper hygiene of evacuees here, One Meralco Foundation (OMF), along with other foundations in the Manny V. Pangilinan group of companies, distributed relief packages containing food and hygiene kits to families at the Brgy. Maria Cristina Gymnasium on Monday, July 31.
This is the second batch of relief items dispatched by the social development arm of the Manila Electric Company (Meralco), the Philippines' largest electric distribution company. The first one was sent a few weeks after the conflict started. It included food packs, blankets, cookware and clothes which were turned over to victims through the Lanao del Sur Electric Cooperative (LASURECO), ARMM and TV5's Alagang Kapatid Foundation.
Meralco is also preparing its power restoration team, a group of dedicated volunteers from the company's roster of linemen and engineers who offer their time and talent to help local electric cooperatives immediately restore power services in the aftermath of disasters.
The clashes in Marawi City could have destroyed vital power lines and damaged electric distribution facilities, and the local electric cooperative might need additional manpower and heavy-lifting equipment once post-crisis rehabilitation begins.
Meralco's power restoration team has been instrumental in expediting the resumption of electricity services in Davao Oriental (Typhoon Pablo, 2012); Northern and Central Luzon (Typhoon Santi, 2013); Western and Eastern Visayas (Typhoon Yolanda, 2013); Albay (Typhoon Glenda, 2014); Sorsogon and Oriental Mindoro (Typhoon Nona, 2015); Batanes (Typhoon Ferdie, 2016); Cagayan and Isabela (Typhoon Lawin, 2016) and Albay, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Oriental Mindoro and Quezon (Typhoon Nina, 2016).
Last month, One Meralco Foundation also turned over its Energy Education (EnergyEd) flashcard kits to public schools in Cagayan de Oro City, Iligan City, the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and safe zones in Marawi City which have absorbed students who fled the conflict areas. The kits were developed by select public school teachers and were designed to educate students on energy by incorporating energy-related topics in DepEd's K-12 curriculum. These educational materials may also be used by volunteer teachers in tutoring children in evacuation centers so they can catch up on their lessons while they are out of school.
Posted in Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response, Latest Updates | No Comments »
Meralco, AFP energize northernmost isle using solar power
One Meralco Foundation entered into a partnership with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) to bring solar power to the Philippines' northernmost island.
How one teacher's passion energized his students' future
On his first assignment as principal, Gregorio Legal, 31, an educator with over eight years of teaching experience in public schools in Masbate, was assigned to the Mary Perpetua E. Brioso National High School in Brgy. Tigbao, municipality of Milagros. It is not unusual for new public school teachers and school heads to be sent […]
© Copyright 2015 One Meralco Foundation, Inc.
G/F West Wing, Lopez Building, Meralco Center, Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City
Website designed and developed
by Neil Rara


BEST OF THE '00s: MOULIN ROUGE!
in	Movie Reviews	on	 4 June 2008	 4 June 2008
1. Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge! (2001)
What else? This film came along very early in the decade and right away, I fell head over heels in love with it, seeing it three times during its opening week – including once with Baz Luhrmann in attendance. You see, the filmmaker had promised to someone that he'd fly to whichever city in North America "Moulin Rouge" made the biggest splash during its first weekend in theaters to introduce a showing and chat with the folks in attendance. It happened to be Montreal, so I went to that very special screening, shook the man's hand and thanked him for this wonderful picture, mentioning in passing that I'd already seen it three times just that one week. To my surprise, he answered that he'd heard from people who'd seen it five or six times!
All of which goes to show that, for me and many others, "Moulin Rouge! was the movie we'd always been waiting for, unknowingly. I mean, I kinda always had a thing for musicals, but I never thought I could become so enamored with one before. I don't think I was all that into Nicole Kidman previously either (though I had enjoyed her greatly in things like "To Die For" and "Eyes Wide Shut), and while I was a fan of Ewan McGregor (going back to the "Shallow Grave"/"Trainspotting" one-two punch), I never exactly thought of him as a dashing romantic lead! As for Baz, I'd seen and liked his "Romeo + Juliet", but he'd yet to become one of my favorite auteurs.
When it comes to putting together lists like this, there's always a bit of randomness and of the moment sentiment. With time, the titles on a Top Ten and particularly the order in which they are ranked will often shift. This is true of nearly all of this here Best of the '00s selection, with "Moulin Rouge!" being the one notable exception. Oh, intellectually, I could make a case for "The Lord of the Rings" towering above everything as the most overwhelming cinematic achievement of the decade, I could praise to the skies the artistry at work in "There Will Be Blood" or I could recall that watching "Dogville" for the first time at the 2003 Festival du Nouveau Cinéma was one of the most shatteringly intense experiences I've ever had in a movie theater. I could have included "Inglourious Basterds" instead of "Kill Bill", maybe removed "Avatar" (too soon?), thrown "Punch-Drunk Love" in there, and so on.
But in my heart, "Moulin Rouge!" is clearly the one, it's always been. One thing I believe speaks volumes is how often you go back to a title. Like, it's easy to claim that "Citizen Kane" is the holiest of the holiest, but unless you truly feel the need to watch it over and over, can you really in all honesty call it your all-time favorite? Well, I've returned to Baz Lurhmann's masterpiece at least a dozen times since it first came into my life in June 2001. It's part of a rarefied group of flicks that satisfy specific urges of mine better than any others. Many films I'll watch once, admire them greatly, but never be inclined to revisit. Whereas others will become part of my life in a very real way. "Moulin Rouge!" fits into the latter category.
Now, before moving on to the rest of the Top 10, I should try to define clearly what it is exactly that makes "Moulin Rouge!" so special to me. Ok, there's the songs, Nicole and Ewan, the supporting cast (Toulouse! Zidler! The Duke!), the lights and colors, the art direction, the comedy, the drama… Freedom. Beauty. Truth. LOVE! Yeah, love. Not ordinary, pleasant, everyday love. The kind of love that can't be quieted down, the kind of love that must be heard, the kind of love that makes you want to climb on top of an elephant to sing about it, the kind of love that gives you the strength to overcome all obstacles, the kind of love that inspires you to write and create…
Like the best of Bollywood, "Moulin Rouge!" is goofy and melodramatic, it's irresistibly over the top, it's filled with a thrusting, vibrant, wild Bohemian spirit, it's a magnificent, opulent, tremendous, stupendous, gargantuan bedazzlement, a sensual ravishment… Simply put, it's Spectacular, Spectacular!
2. Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings (2003)
The other key thing, which I caught on to early on, but that only grows truer every time I watch it again, is how "The Lord of the Rings" is, maybe more than anything, the most amazing friendship story ever told. Sure, there's all this shit going on with Sauron, Saruman, the Nazgûl, the Orcs, the Uruk-hai and whatnot, but they basically add up to being a whole goddamn lot of evil that our heroes must fight. And what's most interesting is how, even in the face of all this horror and cruelty, our hobbit, human, elf, dwarf and wizard friends remain so brave, loyal and kind towards each other.
3. Paul Thomas Anderson's There Will Be Blood (2007)
In many ways, this new millennium has been all about CGI, 3D and special effects, for better or worse. So it's amazing to find a movie like this, so deeply rooted into earth, oil, dust, fire, rock, wood, steel, sweat… And yes, blood. I might be wrong, but from what I can tell, everything on screen is as real as it gets, and we can feel it.
4. Lars von Trier's Dogville (2003)
One thing that only occurred to me now but which sorta seems obvious in retrospect is how this is in many ways a biblical allegory, with Grace as Christ going through his/her Passion and being forgiving of men because they know not what they do, and her gangster boss father (James Caan) as the Old Testament God, who's more prone to unleashing great vengeance and furious anger… Except that in this version of the story, Christ ends up realizing that maybe you can indeed hate people for their weakness and that wiping them out might be the wise thing to do…
5. M. Night Shyamalan's Signs (2002)
Even more than the precise plotting, it's the characters that Night created and the actors he got to play them that utterly win me over every time I watch this film. Mel Gibson's Graham, Joaquin Phoenix's Merril, Rory Culkin's Morgan and Abigail Breslin's Bo form a family as convincing and endearing as the movies have ever given us. Through the funny and scary parts alike, it's their interaction, first and foremost, that makes it work. We truly grow to care for this widower, his kids and his brother and when the last act comes, we feel so close to them that everything that happens becomes intensely personal for us too.
6. Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous (2000)
One major happening in my life which explains this renewed passion for Crowe's film is that, since 2000, I've actually spent quite a lot of time amongst musicians and groupies. I've even become sort of a rock journalist lately. More than ever, I know what it feels like to be in that world, how exciting and a bit frustrating it can be to be amongst all these cool people when you, yourself, remain rather uncool… To be surrounded with folks that are friendly with you, but who aren't really your friends… And to be in awe of girls who barely notice you, what with you not being famous and all…
7. Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill (2004)
Now, a lot has been written already, here and elsewhere, about all the great things in "Kill Bill". I could go on and on about the use of color (the way red blood looks against that yellow tracksuit!), about the sound of clashing steel and gunshots, about the always effective music, about the brilliant way every scene is shot and cut, about how fun it is to watch Sonny Chiba's Hattori Hanzō and Gordon Liu's Pai Mei… Here's a picture that features both the greatest action set-piece (Showdown at House of Blue Leaves, where Uma -and body double Zoë Bell!- kick a whole lot of ass) and what may be the most cleverly written extended dialogue sequence (Beatrix and Bill's Face to Face) of the decade.
8. James Cameron's Avatar (2009)
During these touching scenes between Jake and Neytiri, we're watching computer-animated characters, remember, but the technology used to capture the performances of the actors manages to convey every little emotional nuance. Sorry, Robert Zemeckis, but even though I loved your three performance capture flicks, they clearly pale in comparison to what James Cameron has achieved here. Same goes for the groundbreaking 3D cinematography, which allows us to immerse ourselves even more fully into the world of Pandora and its inhabitants. There truly never has been a movie-watching experience like this one before.
9. Darren Aronofsky's The Fountain (2006)
On a sensory level, Aronofsky's film is pure awe, from how brilliantly the editing connects the various storylines to the use of light, darkness and golden hues, by the way of Clint Mansell's mind-blowing score, possibly the best of the decade. And then there's the acting, to which now words can do justice; Jackman and Weisz are iconically perfect throughout, never failing to move us.
10. Michel Gondry's Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
That opening, the first meeting between Joel Barish (Carrey) and Clementine Kruczynski (Kate Winslet)… It's oh so quiet, yet casually kooky, and you can't help falling in love with Clementine, blue-haired, impulsive, kinda nuts but so adorable. "Why do I fall in love with every woman I see who shows me the least bit of attention?" YES! Kaufman gets that feeling, you know, that feeling of longing with every fiber of your being to meet someone, some crazy/beautiful girl that would… save you, dammit. Not every one gets this, but if you deeply love the work of Paul Thomas Anderson and Cameron Crowe, you get it.
Posted on December 27, 2009January 3, 2014Author KevinCategories Movie Reviews
Flirting With Disaster
Bombay Calling


Beach Communities
Q. Roo
Expat Community
Yuca Planet
Historic Yucatan
Maya Universe
YucaTech
Colectivo will launch the Feminist Patrol in Cancun starting March 8th
Will Mexico destinations require proof of vaccination or negative COVID-19 test to enter bars?
Mauricio Vila delivers his Third Government Report
Not many students return to face-to-face classes in Mérida
Covid in Mexico gives no respite
Business-new,
Headlines,
'El Bronco' balks at tax breaks for new Kia Motors plant near Monterrey
By Yucatan Times on May 26, 2016
As reported Wednesday May 25 in The Yucatan Times, production began this week at Kia Motors massive new plant near Monterrey, Mexico. But The Wall Street Journal reports the new governor of Nuevo León state is balking at the tax breaks, land grants and other public perks that have underwritten Mexico's automotive boom of recent years. Here is the WSJ report:
PESQUERÍA, Nuevo León — Nuevo León Gov. Jaime Rodríguez, whose nickname El Bronco plays on his headstrong style, and his aides are refusing to honor a large portion of the incentives promised by the previous state government to woo the $2.5 billion new assembly plant by South Korea's Kia Motors.
"We aren't against foreign investment," Mr. Rodríguez said. "We are against a previous government that exceeded the limits."
Officials in Nuevo León, whose capital Monterrey is often seen as Mexico's business center, say the incentive package amounts to nearly 28% of the investment by Kia and its suppliers, and they are challenging provisions worth up to $100 million, including a 20-year holiday on payroll taxes.
Workers at the Kia plant in Pesquería, near Monterrey, conducted tests on the assembly line last month. Production began on Monday. PHOTO: ZUMA PRESS
Kia executives declined to discuss the deal but said they want it to be honored.
"It is not a common practice in the global business world to have this kind of situation," Seong Bae Kim, president of Kia Motors Mexico, said in an interview at the nearly completed plant. "We feel that Kia should not be placed in a position to incur losses as a result of the local government's political issues."
The new Kia plant began limited production on Monday and will eventually produce some 300,000 compact Forte cars a year, most of them destined for U.S. customers.
Mexican manufacturing executives and federal officials worry the showdown could affect an industry that has been a bright spot in an otherwise lackluster economy.
Mexico has become one of the hottest countries in the globe for car companies. The country churned out 3.4 million cars and light trucks in 2015, making it the world's seventh-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter. Kia is one of five foreign auto makers that have assembly plants coming on line over the next five years. Those plants would increase Mexico's annual production to five million vehicles by decade's end, experts say.
"Global companies and many countries have their eyes on this conflict," said Ricardo Cantú, head of Nuevo León's chapter of Index, a national association of export industries.
Mexican Economy Minister Ildefonso Guajardo, who hails from Nuevo León, has urged compromise, saying Kia could relinquish up to $23 million in incentives. "It's an issue that hurts everyone if you don't arrive at an agreement," Mr. Guajardo said. "We have to arrive at an understanding and it requires flexibility on all parties involved."
Offering public incentives to auto makers has been standard practice since at least the early 1980s and were key to U.S. southern states winning automotive assembly plants from the Rust Belt, with packages giving back 25% to 35% of the total investment in deals the size of Kia's, said Guido Vildozo, a Latin America specialist with IHS Automotive.
Georgia gave Kia more than $400 million in tax breaks, land and other incentives to win its first North American plant, which began production in 2009, according to Georgia state development officials.
"For those megadeals, incentives are always a factor," said Kathy Mussio, a partner at New Jersey-based Atlas Insight, which advises companies on plant locations.
Mr. Rodríguez won his June election by a landslide in part with promises to look into the Kia deal as well as numerous corruption allegations lodged against former Gov. Rodrigo Medina. Mr. Medina has denied any wrongdoing and hasn't been charged with any crime.
"They didn't need to make such a favorable offer." said Fernando Turner, a 70-year-old auto-parts mogul now serving as Nuevo León's minister for economic development.
Messrs. Rodríguez and Turner say a prime sticking point is the 20-year payroll tax exemption, which they say far exceeds the maximum concession permitted by state law. Both men also say the promised rail lines, power grid and other incentives to be paid for by the state are unaffordable.
"In parts of the U.S. and Mexico they have opened their wallets for these companies," said Mr. Turner, whose Monterrey-based company makes catalytic converters and operates in more than 10 countries. "It's a race to the bottom."
The new mayor of Pesquería, the industrial suburb where the plant is located, said the incentives—mainly property-tax exemptions—his predecessor granted to Kia equal four times the annual budget of his fast-growing city of 90,000.
Former officials in the Medina administration say the incentive package was necessary to win the deal.
With its promise of eventually generating 14,000 direct jobs, Kia's move here was seen by many as a vote of confidence for Nuevo León, emerging from years of gangland violence that had turned it into one of Mexico's more dangerous corners. Several car makers in the preceding years had spurned state officials' pitches in favor of other Mexican locations.
The sprawling compound housing the Kia factory and its suppliers was built in just 14 months near Monterrey's international airport, northeast of the city. Connected by rail and toll highway to the U.S. border 120 miles away, the location is perfect for Kia, which intends to export 80% of the cars.
But Nuevo León hasn't yet delivered the additional electricity supply it promised to begin full production, Kia officials say. Construction also hasn't begun on the 14 rail spurs promised to connect the Kia lot with the rail line. Improvements to the two-lane country road that runs past the plant remain ongoing, as do the installation of drainage lines and water treatment facilities.
"We had very high expectations in coming here," Mr. Kim said of Nuevo León. "But we've had a little bit of hardship."
Source: wsj.com
Yucatan Times
more recommended stories
The objective of the vehicle is.
Several popular tourist destinations in Mexico.
The governor of Yucatan points out.
On Monday, Jan. 17th, the return.
Mexico reports more than 17 thousand.
AMLO's government expropriates 198 properties in Quintana Roo for the construction of the Mayan Train
In the style of the Venezuelan.
Cancun airport operating under 500 daily flights for 26 consecutive days due to Omicron
After a positive streak of 26.
Turkmenistan wants to shut down the 'Gates of Hell' for good (Watch Video)
'Gates of Hell' may soon shut.
Lopez Obrador back in his morning press conference after only one week of testing positive for Covid
AMLO returned to his morning news.
SSP suspends clandestine party with alcohol, drugs and 30 minors in Kanasin, Yucatan
Two people were arrested for holding.
2 Reactions on this Article
Miss Norouzi from alend company says:
With Respact of this company
Innvestment ALEND company regarding the relationship between car makers and spare parts manufacturers in Iran and other countries that ,this company plans to produce a number of factory managers The company has a number of managers of automotive manufacturers and auto spare parts manufacturers to getting to know the capabilities of its production of cars and car parts in Mexico City to deploy.so place if you travel during the factory visit and agreed to have Joint meeting .we are kindly requested to notify
Head of association
Dr.Mirghasem Momeni
All Rights Reserved The Yucatan Times 2020


FROM CHOPSTICKS TO BUCKET HATS, VISTA & CHIFA TEAM UP FOR A ONE-OF-A-KIND DROP
(SPONSORED STORY)
WORDS BY CAROLINE BROWN
© HIGHSNOBIETY
Meet Chifa, the LA-based restaurant with merch that you'll actually want to wear.
Vista's online platform partners with your small business for every and all design needs. From posting on social media to refreshing your logo, even hosting an event or a grand opening – Vista has a carefully crafted team prepared to help take your business to the next level in design, marketing, branding, and more. Giving us an exclusive look behind one of its most recent collaborations, Vista has teamed up with LA-based restaurant, Chifa, to create a merchandise drop as unique as its client's backstory.
Chifa has always placed an emphasis on food through its community since its opening in 1975. Originally founded by Wendy Leon, who emigrated from Hong Kong to Lima, Peru, and her husband, Ricardo Jose Leon, who was Chinese Peruvian, Chifa honors their family through the blending of authentic Chinese and Peruvian cuisines.
Chifa has always placed an emphasis on food through its community since its opening in 1975
Now, four decades later, Chifa has reopened in Eagle Rock, but its spirit remains the same. From its traditional Chinese and Peruvian-style dishes to its inviting, retro, monochrome interior, Chifa's design needs for this collaboration proved to be just as unique as the brand's ethos.
Together, Vista and Chifa created items like bandanas and bucket hats as well as more unique items like branded chopsticks all using Chifa's iconic mint green signifier and red heart motif. Incorporating endearing messaging like "From Chifa, With Love", the Vista x Chifa collaboration showcases just how distinct and detailed small business merchandise can be while creating with Vista.
From Chifa, With Love...
Chifa by Vista Chopsticks
Chifa by Vista Enamel Mug
Chifa by Vista Click Pen
Chifa by Vista Drum Matches
Chifa by Vista Heart T-Shirt
Chifa by Vista Heart Bucket Hat
Chifa by Vista Heart Hoodie
Chifa by Vista Heart Bandana
Chifa by Vista Insulated Lunch Bag
Chifa by Vista Heart Tote
Behind The Scenes of The Chifa and Vista Collaboration with Co-Owner, Humberto Leon
Founded in 1975, Chifa was originally established in Peru by the mother of Humberto Leon, co-founder of Opening Ceremony and former creative director of Kenzo. However, after seizing an opportunity to move to America for her children, Leon's mother forfeited her beloved restaurant after only two years.
With just $500, Leon and his family moved to Los Angeles between Eagle Rock, where the Chifa is now located, and Highland Park. "As children, we didn't understand the sacrifices she made, we just thought these were things our parents did," Leon adds. "My mom started working at some factories sewing clothing to make ends meet. Soon after, she got a job at a local hospital in the cafeteria and began working exclusively in food. She really worked her way up and gave her kids the American dream."
Now, years later, Leon and his family, including his brother-in-law who is now the head chef, have come together to recreate Chifa. Still serving distinct Chinese and Peruvian dishes side-by-side, Chifa is a true family restaurant with over 50% of the staff being related, while serving up dishes that the family would eat at their dinner table growing up. Leon's mother even cooks a handful of dishes at the restaurant herself as only she knows its distinct nuances such as the soy sauce chicken and sticky rice in lotus leaves.
While some elements have stayed true to the restaurant from '75, LA's Chifa was approached with an entirely new aesthetic thanks to Leon's artful eye. Creating a merchandise line in collaboration with design and marketing partner, Vista, Chifa also released a line of apparel and accessories that exudes all of the love and style that is now fundamental to Chifa.
To get more insight into Chifa's partnership with Vista, we caught up with Leon.
Chifa's merchandise uses some very distinct elements like heart motifs and a green and red palette. How did this play out in the collaboration with Vista?
I knew I wanted the restaurant building to be green and for the lettering to be red because it's the perfect palette combination in Chinese culture – it' attracts hope, joy, and prosperity. Also, from an American perspective, the color red emotes love, so I really wanted that juxtaposition. The building itself is actually a very particular green color. Vista worked really hard on getting the merchandise to match, and they nailed it which is so exciting because it's so vibrant. We also have this signature heart window on the restaurant that is on a slight tilt – I wanted the building to sort of wink at you as you drove by, so it all has an intention. We embraced all of these elements in our project with Vista which I feel has now become a signature.
How has working with Chifa or Vista helped create a collection beyond expectations?
I think Vista was an amazing partner first and foremost for connecting me with local companies to source specific pieces. The t-shirts, sweatshirts, tote bags, and hats were made in partnership with another small business called Local World. Vista has been such an amazing support to so many small businesses and individual families through this sort of networking process and we really wanted this partnership to highlight those attributes. Vista also goes the extra mile to create products that tell the narrative of a small business. For example, I customized red and green envelopes for Chifa, which are widely used throughout Asain culture on birthdays or Holidays as a gesture to say, "we're wishing you luck." I think bringing this sort of cultural element into the Vista business model is so cool because it really showcases them wanting to tell an authentic story of the people who they work with.
How did Chifa's distinct design elements play out in the collaboration with Vista?
This collab is a true testament to your creative vision, but also to Vista's limitless possibilities.
Vista really took everything we wanted to make to heart and wanted to bring that to life. It would be so easy for them to tell me that they couldn't complete certain ideas, but they made the effort to custom-dye pieces to our match our building and create pieces with amazing detail. As a small business owner, it makes me so happy to see this entire project come to life with the original vision that I had.
What's your favorite piece of merchandise you've created together?
My favorite piece that I can't wait to wear all day and all night is the sweatshirt. But I think the little red and green envelopes are special because it symbolizes something more, something celebratory. When creating Chifa, we knew that we wanted it to be a place where people can come together and share special moments. When most people think about celebrating an event, one always thinks of the best Italian restaurant or the best French restaurant, but I don't think anyone's first thought is, "let me go to this tiny Chinese Peruvian restaurant." The fact that we can open up this conversation to elevate Chinese cuisine with the help of Vista has been incredibly special.
Create custom merchandise for your small business with Vista
Paper take-out Bags
Chifa and Vista Host A Lunar New Year Celebration
To commemorate its first-ever capsule collection together, Vista and Chifa hosted an intimate dinner at the family-owned restaurant timed to the Lunar New Year.
Celebrating themes of family and intentional design, Vista and Chifa's event further highlighted the collection's curated apparel, including custom lunch bags, hoodies, and matchsticks, while also serving Chifa's authentic Chinese Peruvian dishes to its attendees.
With guests present like Jimmy O. Yang, Greta Lee, Eric Andre, and Eddie Huang, the event seamlessly reflected the community-oriented ethos which made Vista and Chifa's capsule collection a success, proving that merchandise can, and should, celebrate local businesses and the stories that inform them.
Noting the importance of thoughtful collaboration, Chifa co-owner Humberto Leon added, "We are very excited to partner with Vista because Vista is all about helping small businesses grow, and is very community-oriented. Through the partnership, we hope to bring Vista into our community and develop the tools we have available to present the food and mission of Chifa at its best."
"Through the partnership, we hope to bring Vista into our community and develop the tools we have available to present the food and mission of Chifa at its best." - Humberto Leon
Explore How You Can Create With Vista
vista.com
{"shouldDisplayHeader":false,"shouldDisplayArticleFooter":false,"shouldDisplayPresentedBy":false}


Rad dostupan nakon 2020-07-25
POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE
IVAN TEPEŠ (2018)
TEPEŠ, I. (2018). POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE (Disertacija). Preuzeto s https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:602462
TEPEŠ, IVAN. "POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE." Disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji, 2018. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:602462
TEPEŠ, I. (2018). 'POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE', Disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji, citirano: 18.07.2019., https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:602462
TEPEŠ I. POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE [Disertacija]. Zagreb: Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji; 2018 [pristupljeno 18.07.2019.] Dostupno na: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:602462
I. TEPEŠ, "POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE", Disertacija, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji, Zagreb, 2018. Dostupno na: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:111:602462
Naslov POLITIČKO DJELOVANJE HRVATSKE SELJAČKE STRANKE U EMIGRACIJI OD 1945. DO 1990. GODINE
Naslov (engleski) POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CROATIAN PEASANT PARTY IN THE EMIGRATION FROM 1945. TO 1990.
Autor IVAN TEPEŠ
Mentor MARINA KASELJ PERIĆ (mentor)
MBZ: 33333333
Mentor Mijo Korade (komentor)
Član povjerenstva Stjepan Ćosić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Član povjerenstva Mario Jareb (član povjerenstva)
Član povjerenstva Mario Bara (član povjerenstva)
Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati i analizirati do sada vrlo slabo istraženo političko djelovanje Hrvatske seljačke stranke (HSS) u iseljeništvu od 1945. do 1990. godine, koje je promatrano kronološki s tri aspekta. Iz aspekta djelovanja HSS-a među hrvatskim iseljeništvom i iseljeničkim organizacijama HSS-a, aspekta djelovanja HSS-a u antikomunističkim organizacijama emigranata iz srednje i istočne Europe te aspekta odnosa HSS-a sa srpskom i slovenskom emigracijom, a na osnovu kojeg se vidi razlika u vodstvu HSS-a o načinu rješavanja hrvatskog pitanja. Prikaz djelovanja vodstva HSS-a u iseljeništvu doprinos je stranačkoj povijesti HSS-a koje do sada nije bilo istraženo. Doprinos je rasvjetljavanju djelovanja hrvatske političke emigracije i narušavanju predrasuda o hrvatskoj političkoj emigraciji kao ideološki jednoobraznoj, ekstremnoj i radikalnoj. Rekonstrukcija djelovanja HSS-a doprinos je i povijesti srednje i istočne Europe u razdoblju Hladnog rata, s obzirom da je potpora SAD-a antikomunističkim organizacijama emigranata s tog područja, u kojima je sudjelovao i HSS, bila dio američke vanjskopolitičke strategije u hladnoratovskom sukobu sa SSSR-om. Rad prvenstveno prati političke aktivnosti dva vodeća čovjeka HSS-a, Vladka Mačeka i Jurja Krnjevića, koji su se nadali da će se uz pomoć Zapada vratiti na političku scenu u Hrvatskoj i Jugoslaviji. Rad je najvećim dijelom rezultat analize i sistematizacije neistražene dokumentacije jugoslavenske tajne službe, neobjavljene i objavljene pisane korespondencije vodstva HSS-a i tekstova u glasilima iseljeničkog HSS-a. U hrvatskom iseljeništvu vodstvo HSS-a bilo je cijenjeno zbog velike izborne potpore unutar hrvatskog naroda i zbog prihvaćanja HSS-a u zapadnim međunarodnim krugovima. Stoga je vodstvo HSS okupljanje iseljeništva vidjelo jedino unutar HSS-a pa je svoje djelovanje među hrvatskim iseljeništvom prvenstveno temeljilo na radu s iseljeničkim organizacijama HSS-a diljem svijeta. Vodstvo HSS-a nije bilo sklono inicijativama okupljanja iseljeništva, osim u organizaciji Ujedinjenih Hrvata Amerike i Kanade od 1946. do 1949. godine. Djelovanje vodstva HSS-a u organizacijama političkih emigranata iz srednje i istočne Europe karakterizirala je izrazita antikomunistička retorika i kritika jugoslavenskog režima. Maček je jedinu snagu za rušenje komunizma u srednjoj i istočnoj Europi vidio u seljaštvu pa je HSS i bio najaktivniji upravo u Međunarodnoj seljačkoj uniji. Maček je u emigraciji bezuspješno pokušavao sklopiti sporazum sa srpskom i slovenskom emigracijom te je bio skloniji rješavanju hrvatskog pitanja u jugoslavenskom okviru za razliku od Krnjevića koji je bio protiv sporazuma sa Srbima i zastupao je ideju o neovisnoj i samostalnoj hrvatskoj državi izvan Jugoslavije. Nakon Mačekove smrti 1964. godine Krnjevićevi stavovi postali su jedina službena politika emigrantskog HSS-a.
The aim of the study is to show the political action of the Croatian Peasants' Party 'Hrvatska seljačka stranka' (HSS) in the diaspora in the period from 1945 up to the year 1990 which until now has been poorly investigated. The political action of the HSS is observed chronologically according to three aspects, these being, from the point of view of the activity of leadership of the HSS within the Croatian diaspora, the aspect of activity of leadership of the HSS in the organisations of emigrants from Central and Eastern Europe which were operated under the political and financial patronage of the United States of America and the aspect of cooperation with political emigrants from Yugoslavia. The leadership of the HSS was directly governed by its two dominent leaders: the president of the HSS, Vladko Maček and the Secretary General Juraj Krnjević. Both having emigrated out of the Former Jugoslavia. Macek's first emigrated in May 1945 to Paris where he lived and worked until August 1947. He then emigrated to Washington where he lived and worked until his death on 15 May 1964. Krnjević immigrated to London in April 1941 where he remained until his death on 8 January 1988. The actions of the leadership of the HSS's in the Croatian diaspora was demonstrated primarily on the basis of the unexplored material of the Yugoslav secret service, published and unpublished written correspondence of the HSS leadership and HSS's emigrant newspapers. An overview of HSS's political activity in the period from 1945 to 1990 contributed to a better understanding of the work of the HSS leadership in emigrant conditions. The aforementioned time period in the reconstruction of HSS's history until now remained unexplored, given that historiographic research of the HSS was previously focused on the period of the first half of the twentieth century, when the HSS was at the height of its political activity, the Second World War and the first post-war years in Croatia. Analysis of the actions of the HSS in the diaspora from 1945 to 1990 has also contributed to a better understanding of the impact of Croatian political emigrants in general, given that the HSS was an important factor in the Croatian political diaspora. The HSS worked among the Croatian diaspora primarily through the wide-spread network of its emigrant organisations in North and South America, Europe and Australia. The leadership of the HSS enjoyed a great reputation within the Croatian diaspora and among Croatian political emigrants for two key reasons, first because the HSS leadership had political legitimacy based on the votes received by Croatian people in elections in the interim period, and secondly because Croatian emigrants were aware of the support that the leadership of the HSS had among the political factors of the western democractic countries, as opposed to the part of the Croatian political diaspora that was compromised by cooperation with the Nazis and fascists during the Second World War. The leadership of the HSS was well aware of these factors, which made it difficult for the participation of the HSS in the constant efforts of the Croatian political diaspora towards gathering into a unified organisation. Namely, the leadership of the HSS, during all periods of emigration, felt that the HSS was the only legitimate representative of the Croatian people and that the Croatian diaspora and Croatian political emigrants could only be brought together on the basis of the HSS program and within the HSS. Such an exclusive stance was the reason why the leadership of the HSS only participated in one period in the gathering of organisations of Croatian emigrants, and that was in the first postwar years from 1946 to 1949, in the organisation of the United Croatians of America and Canada. Maček's activity in this gathering of Croatian emigrants was also related to his anti-communist work to suppress the sympathy of Croatian emigrants for communism and the new Yugoslav regime. At the gathering of the Croatian emigrants, the leadership of the HSS presented the problem and the political emigrants who were connected with the Ustasha movement and the movement for an Independent State of Croatia 'Nezavisna Država Hrvatska' (NDH) did not want political cooperation with them. Given that the HSS throughout the whole emigration period acted independently within the Croatian diaspora, its work was based on encouraging the activities of its own emigrant organisations and their mutual cooperation. The most materially and financially organised were the HSS organisations from Canada, whose financial resources were largely the financial backbone of the HSS leadership in the diaspora. The HSS leadership has since the late 1950s convened party congresses, first in Europe in 1957 and 1960, and from 1969, they were known as the World Congress of the HSS, attended by delegates of the HSS organisations from around the world. In 1980, the Central Committee of the HSS was established, which has since then been the largest party body and which took over the leadership of the party after Krnjević's death in January 1988. Emigrant HSS organisations suffered great and irreparable damage following the February 1979 conflict which broke out between Krnjević and the president of the Canadian HSS, Mladen Zorkin, which was reflected by a division among members and lead to lengthy court disputes and party rupture. In 1953 as part of its activities among the Croatian disapora and under the sponsorship of the HSS, the Federation of Free Croatian Workers (FSHR) was founded which since 1961 had the prewar title of the Croatian Workers' Union (HRS). This organisation which served in the HSS demonstrated that they represent the interests of the workers as well as the peasants and that HSS was not only a peasant party. The leadership of the HSS was aware that the workforce in Croatia after 1945 had grown numerically, and also the vast majority of HSS members in the disapora belonged to the working class. Regarding the attitude towards the political power of the Croatian diaspora, Maček and Krnjević shared a common view regarding the question of the political change of the situation in Croatia and Yugoslavia, that they will have a decisive role for the Croatian people in their homeland and that the diaspora will only support the people in their homeland. With regard to such attitudes of Krnjević since the beginning of his emigration, he proactively worked from the diaspora towards the homeland, while Maček did not engage in such activities. Krnjević's political activity from the diaspora towards the homeland lasted permanently throughout his emigration period and consisted of maintaining ties with HSS officials and sympathisers in the homeland and sending propaganda material to the homeland. Presentation of the until now unexplored political activity of the HSS in the diaspora is complemented by part of the political history of Central and Eastern Europe in regards to the HSS leadership co-operating with political emigrants from that part of Europe and acting in joint organisations based on the fight against communism. In this context, the historical work of the HSS leadership becomes part of the history of the Cold War from the perspective that this political and financial support to diaspora organisations formed part of the United States of America's foreign policy strategy in the Cold War bid with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. Precisely for American foreign policy reasons, the HSS and other emigrants from Yugoslavia had a special status in relation to other emigrants from Central and Eastern Europe, from 1948 when Yugoslavia, regardless of the communist political system, had a special position in relation to other communist countries. The most significant activity of the HSS leadership in disapora organisations was related to the action of the International Peasantry Union (MSU). Vladko Maček was one of the founders of the MSU in 1947 and the vice president of the MSU until the end of his life 1964. Maček and the HSS leadership acted in the MSU in order to present to the international public their program and criticism of communism and the then Yugoslav regime. Maček considered communism and Marxist materialist ideology as a counterclaim to peasant ideology, and peasantry was considered the only force in the region of Croatia and Central and Eastern Europe which was capable of collapsing communism in that area. Maček and a part of the HSS group were also connected to the American National Committee for a Free Europe / Committee for a Free Europe (NOSE/OSE), from which came financial and political support from the US State Department and the US intelligence agency, the CIA. At the same time Krnjević in Europe joined the work of the European Movement and the European federalists, whose work was attended by leading Western European politicians at that time, who also enjoyed American support and advocated for a united Europe. The HSS leadership's role in the organisations of emigrants of Central and Eastern Europe had been passivated since the early 1970s, considering that from that point the US financial and political support had declined, and in 1971 stopped as did the work of the OSE, which financially supported the work of emigrant organisations. This work also covers the, until now, poorly researched part of Maček's activities regarding the question of cooperation and attempts to enter into negotiations with Serbian and Slovene political emigrant communities, where it was visible that Maček's endeavours to reach an agreement and solve the Croatian question in the Yugoslav framework was modelled on Banovina Croatia. Maček considered that only a joint Serbian-Croatian cooperation could bring down the communist regime in Yugoslavia, and he also felt that Croats needed to insist on the agreement, otherwise he was afraid that the Western democratic countries would blame Croatians of failing to reach an agreement and the collapse of Yugoslavia would allow the territorial division of Croatia by it neighbours, primarily Italy and Hungary, and on the basis of experience with various contracts from the first half of the twentieth century, beginning with the secret London Treaty of 1915 until the Treaty of Rome in May 1941. Maček was aware of the fact that the US and Western countries were not inclined to partition Yugoslavia into smaller states and generally create smaller state units in Central Europe. The most intense of Maček's activities pertaining to the achievement of agreements with the Serbian and Slovene political emigrant communities, were in the first post-war years, while that activity disappeared in the early 1950s. There were more reason for the failure to reach agreement, primarily the reasons lay in various solutions around the concept and content of the agreement and about the territorial delimitation between Croatia and Serbia, as well as the fact that the Serbian political emigrant community was divided and did not have authority with great political support from the Serb people in the same manner that Maček and HSS had from the Croatian people. There were still over the years emigrants from civilian parties of pre-war Yugoslavia who increasingly raised the question of of their own legitimacy in the representation of the people in whose name the agreement should be signed. Furthermore, in favor of the failure to reach an agreement, the Yugoslav secret service also acted in accordance with its capabilities. The issue of reaching an agreement also existed within the HSS, with respect to this issue Krnjević disagreed with Maček. Presumably the most influential reason why Maček did not arrive at an agreement with the Serbs and Slovenes and that the establishment of a joint Yugoslav diaspora committee was lacking in support from the US was because of the efforts to maintain good relations with Josip Broz Tito and Yugoslavia after 1948 when Tito broke away from Stalin. In the event of a failure to reach an agreement with the Serbs and Slovenes, Maček viewed as the final solution, an independent Croatian state with which was always emphasised that the state did not exist for its own purpose, but it could be sustainable only if all human and social rights were guaranteed, and not if it is governed by dictatorship and terror over the population. Maček's views on how to solve the Croatian question were shared by a part of the prominent HSS leadership led by Branko Pešelj and Ilija Jukic, who in March 1963, with Maček's knowledge, signed a joint document with a part of the Serbian and Slovene political emigrant communities, under the title Proposed Draft Democratic Alternatives, in which the Yugoslav constitution proposal was defined, and that Croatia would remain within the Confederation of the Yugoslavian community. Maček's attitudes, and the views of a part of the prominent group of the HSS, were in opposition to the views of Krnjević, who opposed agreement with the Serbs, and saw the solution of the Croatian question in a stand-alone and independent Croatian state. Krnjević considered that Croats and Serbs could live in peace only if each nation had their own independent state, and if in independent Croatia was the guarantee of political as well as economic stability. Krnjević considered Yugoslavia as a Serbian hegemonic creation in which Croats did not have the same rights as Serbs and equalled Tito's Yugoslavia with Karađorđević's pre-war Yugoslavia. Krnjević's attitude to the resolution of the Croatian question and the agreement with the Serbs became the only official position of the HSS after 1965, since Krnjević, after Maček's death, took over the leadership of the HSS and removed the prominent members of the HSS who promoted the survival of Yugoslavia. Just before the end of Krnjević's life in 1987, the Central Committee of the HSS, at the HSS World Congress, re-approached Maček's requirements of discussion and agreement with the Serbs and Slovenes. The only concept of the solution to the Croatian question in which Maček and Krnjević agreed on was the creation of a Central European Community of states and nations on the territory of the Baltic, Adriatic and Black Sea, within which the Croatian state would also be located. This type of concept was also represented by emigrant organisations from Central and Eastern Europe where Maček and Krnjević were active, behind which the US stood. The concept of the Central European Community was more strongly advocated by Krnjević in the late 1940s and 1950s. Maček's and Krnjevic's opinions differed in relation to the question of the territorial scope of Croatia, which was primarily related to the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Muslims from BiH. Maček was more inclined to the solution that would divide BiH into the borders of Banovina Croatia, although Maček considered Muslims to be Croats of Islamic religion, and at the same time he felt that Muslims from BiH had developed their own national consciousness and wanted an independent BiH. Unlike Maček, Krnjević considered that BiH, as an autonomous unit, was part of Croatia, and the Muslims from BiH were considered exclusively Croats of Islamic religion. Following this, the presentation and analysis of the HSS's work in the diaspora also leads to the re-examination and demolition of stereotypes and prejudices about the Croatian political diaspora as politically one-dimensional and exclusively extreme Ustasha, which was the result of Yugoslav propaganda from 1945 to 1990. The demonstration of the HSS's work shows that it was not just a difference between positions between the HSS and other Croatian emigrant organisations, rather that within the HSS itself there were different views on key political and state issues, above all in relation to solving the Croatian question. Although the HSS through emigration action in the period from 1945 to 1990, kept its continuity, this was not enough to achieve more significant results in the first multiparty elections in Croatia in April 1990. Although the HSS had a poor result in the elections, "Radićevština" was part of the program of the then-winning Croatian Democratic Union 'Hrvatske demokratske zajednice' (HDZ) with Franjo Tuđman and also, at that time, part of the emigrant HSS had joined the HDZ. The emigrant HSS officially ceased to act on 21 May 1991, after the HSS Central Committee led by Josip Torbar joined all factions of the homeland HSS at the united assembly.
Hrvatska seljačka stranka
Vladko Maček
Juraj Krnjević
hrvatsko iseljeništvo
hrvatska politička emigracija
hrvatsko pitanje
Hladni rat
komunizam
antikomunizam
srednja i istočna Europa
the Croatian diaspora
Prava pristupa Pristup ograničen embargom
Datum isteka embarga: 2020-07-25


Schertz Clemens Buffaloes
Rebels go to final game with chance for district title
Hays goes to Smithson Valley Friday night with the District 27-4A title on the line. Meanwhile, San Marcos will end a difficult season, Wimberley will try to finish the regular season 10-0, Lehman and Lockhart will fight to stay out of their district basement and San Marcos Academy will go to Hyde Park.
Saturday, October 30th, 2010
Texans clinch, Rebels rise, Rattlers reel
Hays beat New Braunfels Canyon, 28-19, Friday night, setting up a showdown at Smithson Valley next week for the District 27-4A championship. Also, Wimberley clinched District 26-3A by stomping Navarro, and San Marcos lost once again, falling...
Rattlers go for win, Hays, Wimberley go for first place
The San Marcos Rattlers have two more chances for a win, and they're both tough. Friday night, first-place Converse Judson visits Bobcat Stadium. In other Friday games, Hays will try to stay in the running for first...
Saturday, October 23rd, 2010
Rattlers lose big, Rebels clinch playoffs
A winless season appears to be in the cards for the San Marcos Rattlers, who lost, 35-7, at Seguin Friday night. Also Friday night, the Hays Rebels clinched a playoff spot during their bye week, Dripping Springs...
Friday, October 22nd, 2010
Rattlers approach best chance for football win
The San Marcos Rattlers have their best chance for a win this football season when they go to Seguin Friday night. Meanwhile, Dripping Springs has a chance to clinch a playoff spot Friday, and San Marcos Academy...
Rebels, Texans, Tigers run to victory
Friday was another long night for the San Marcos Rattlers, another short night for the Wimberley Texans, and a good night for the Hays Rebels and the Dripping Springs Tigers. As the high school football season winds...
Rattlers still seeking first win as Wagner visits
San Marcos will look for its first win Friday night as San Antonio Wagner visits Bobcat Stadium. Also, Wimberley will try to stay perfect, Hays will look for a win to stay alive for the District 27-4A...
Rebels win as Shelton moves up list
Hays won a key District 27-4A game Friday night, beating Schertz Clemens, 47-21, as head coach Bob Shelton reached another milestone. Also, Wimberley won easily, Dripping Springs and San Marcos Academy each lost by two touchdowns and...
Rattlers seek win in first game that matters
The San Marcos Rattlers are 0-5 entering the first game of the season that matters, Friday night's meeting at New Braunfels. Also, Hays will attempt to jump into the District 27-4A title race at home against Schertz...
Thursday, February 4th, 2010
San Marcos and Hays to renew football rivalry
A one-time staple of the Hays County athletic scene is coming back for a two-year engagement. The football teams from San Marcos and Hays High Schools will play each other this fall and during the fall of...


World Cup: Callum Hudson-Odoi 'considers' switching England as Ghana target him and Tariq Lamptey
By Stella J. Pender Last updated Apr 1, 2022
Callum Hudson-Odoi is 'considering' switching international allegiance from England to Ghana, with the African nation hoping to persuade the Chelsea winger and Brighton's Tariq Lamptey to join them ahead of the Qatar World Cup.
Ghana booked their World Cup spot in a playoff win over Nigeria this week
They target Callum Hudson-Odoi and Tariq Lamptey to switch allegiance
The Chelsea winger has three senior caps for England and last played in 2019
Meanwhile, Lamptey is yet to receive a senior call-up for the Three Lions
By Isabel Baldwin for Mailonline
Published: 4:22 a.m. EDT, April 1, 2022 | Update: 4:28 a.m. EDT, April 1, 2022
Callum Hudson-Odoi is assessing Ghana's international interest with the Black Stars in hopes of persuading the Chelsea winger and Tariq Lamptey to switch allegiance to England ahead of the World Cup.
Hudson-Odoi is said to be 'considering' the switch ahead of the World Cup in November.
The 21-year-old has three senior caps for England, the last of which came in the European Championship qualifiers in Kosovo in November 2019.
Ghana are hoping to persuade Callum Hudson-Odoi (left) and Tariq Lamptey (right) to switch international allegiance from England
In August last year, Hudson-Odoi turned down the opportunity to play for the England Under-21 side for internationals against Romania and Kosovo.
And he risked further damaging his relationship with the Three Lions by turning down a call-up from Gareth Southgate for matches against Albania and San Marino last November.
According to FIFA rules, players are allowed to change allegiance provided they have not played more than three competitive international matches before the age of 21.
This means Hudson-Odoi would be eligible for the switch just in time to travel to Qatar, with the World Cup taking place from November 21 to December 18.
Hudson-Odoi has three senior caps for the Three Lions with his last game in November 2019
And, according to GoalGhana are chasing Hudson-Odoi and Brighton defender Tariq Lamptey, with the Blues youngster believed to be considering the transfer.
Ghana booked their place in Qatar with victory in their World Cup qualifier with Nigeria on away goals on Tuesday.
With the World Cup on the horizon, the Black Stars could be looking to strengthen their squad and Ghana FA director of communications Henry Asante Twum has revealed the team will pursue the Premier League pair if regulations so allow. allowed.
'If it's that we wake up tomorrow and the new Black Stars coach wants Tariq [Lamptey], Hudson-Odoi, whatever is available, we will look at the regulations and the possibility of getting them," he told Citi TV. "If it's within our reach, we pursue it.
The Black Stars booked their place in Qatar with a World Cup playoff win over Nigeria
'The new law for changing nationality is that you should be three years old from your last game [from the association you want to switch from]so that means if today Hudson-Odoi played for England three years ago we will look at the month [in which] he played, and if it's been exactly two years, he has every right to change his nationality.
Earlier this year, Hudson-Odoi met Ghana technical adviser and former Newcastle boss Chris Hughton with his parents in Acca to discuss his international future.
He also visited the country twice in the past year and met with National President Nana Akufo-Addo, GFA President Kurt Okraku and Sports Minister Mustapha Ussif.
Meanwhile, Lamptey didn't receive a call-up to Gareth Southgate's senior England squad but did represent the Three Lions at Under-21 level.
Share or comment on this article:
Hilarious snaps show animals doing the strangest things
Darwin's Covid lockdown extended until Friday
Wimbledon: Alfie Hewett determined to win his first singles crown
7 Industries That Could Benefit Most From Online Fax – Latest Trends In Digital Transformation | Cloud News
Is access to earned wages the way of the future? 5 tips for employers looking to attract and retain talent with pay-as-you-go | Fisher Phillips
Save up to 50% on dresses, swimwear and shoes
Spanish billionaire Amancio Ortega 'is interested in buying Manchester…
UK's worst performing parcel company revealed as Evri
Why women should train in the MORNING


Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's
Y. Li, David W. McLaughlin
Computational Modeling of Normal and Abnormal Cortical Processing
The theory of the focusing NLS equation under periodic boundary conditions, together with the Floquet spectral theory of its associated Zakharov-Shabat linear operator {Mathematical expression}, is developed in sufficient detail for later use in studies of perturbations of the NLS equation. "Counting lemmas" for the non-selfadjoint operator {Mathematical expression}, are established which control its spectrum and show that all of its eccentricities are finite in number and must reside within a finite disc D in the complex eigenvalue plane. The radius of the disc D is controlled by the H1 norm of the potential {Mathematical expression}. For this integrable NLS Hamiltonian system, unstable tori are identified, and Backlund transformations are then used to construct global representations of their stable and unstable manifolds-"whiskered tori" for the NLS pde. The Floquet discriminant {Mathematical expression} is used to introduce a natural sequence of NLS constants of motion, [ {Mathematical expression}, where λcj denotes the jth critical point of the Floquet discriminant Δ(λ)]. A Taylor series expansion of the constants {Mathematical expression}, with explicit representations of the first and second variations, is then used to study neighborhoods of the whiskered tori. In particular, critical tori with hyperbolic structure are identified through the first and second variations of {Mathematical expression}, which themselves are expressed in terms of quadratic products of eigenfunctions of {Mathematical expression}. The second variation permits identification, within the disc D, of important bifurcations in the spectral configurations of the operator {Mathematical expression}. The constant {Mathematical expression}, as the height of the Floquet discriminant over the critical point λcj, admits a natural interpretation as a Morse function for NLS isospectral level sets. This Morse interpretation is studied in some detail. It is valid globally for the infinite tail, {Mathematical expression}, which is associated with critical points outside the disc D. Within this disc, the interpretation is only valid locally, with the same obstruction to its global validity as to a global ordering of the spectrum. Nevertheless, this local Morse theory, together with the Backlund representations of the whiskered tori, produces extremely clear pictures of the stratification of NLS invariant sets near these whiskered tori-pictures which are useful in the study of perturbations of NLS. Finally, a natural connection is noted between the constants {Mathematical expression} of the integrable theory and Melnikov functions for the theory of perturbations of the NLS equation. This connection generates a simple, but general, representations of the Melnikov functions.
Communications In Mathematical Physics
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105191
10.1007/BF02105191
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Melnikov Function Mathematics
Morse Function Mathematics
Torus Mathematics
NLS Equation Mathematics
Second Variation Mathematics
Discriminant Mathematics
critical point Physics & Astronomy
First Variation Mathematics
Li, Y., & McLaughlin, D. W. (1994). Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's. Communications In Mathematical Physics, 162(1), 175-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105191
Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's. / Li, Y.; McLaughlin, David W.
In: Communications In Mathematical Physics, Vol. 162, No. 1, 04.1994, p. 175-214.
Li, Y & McLaughlin, DW 1994, 'Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's', Communications In Mathematical Physics, vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 175-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105191
Li Y, McLaughlin DW. Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's. Communications In Mathematical Physics. 1994 Apr;162(1):175-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105191
Li, Y. ; McLaughlin, David W. / Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's. In: Communications In Mathematical Physics. 1994 ; Vol. 162, No. 1. pp. 175-214.
@article{88fecfbd6ef2495fb1695f64e70b0118,
title = "Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's",
abstract = "The theory of the focusing NLS equation under periodic boundary conditions, together with the Floquet spectral theory of its associated Zakharov-Shabat linear operator {Mathematical expression}, is developed in sufficient detail for later use in studies of perturbations of the NLS equation. {"}Counting lemmas{"} for the non-selfadjoint operator {Mathematical expression}, are established which control its spectrum and show that all of its eccentricities are finite in number and must reside within a finite disc D in the complex eigenvalue plane. The radius of the disc D is controlled by the H1 norm of the potential {Mathematical expression}. For this integrable NLS Hamiltonian system, unstable tori are identified, and Backlund transformations are then used to construct global representations of their stable and unstable manifolds-{"}whiskered tori{"} for the NLS pde. The Floquet discriminant {Mathematical expression} is used to introduce a natural sequence of NLS constants of motion, [ {Mathematical expression}, where λcj denotes the jth critical point of the Floquet discriminant Δ(λ)]. A Taylor series expansion of the constants {Mathematical expression}, with explicit representations of the first and second variations, is then used to study neighborhoods of the whiskered tori. In particular, critical tori with hyperbolic structure are identified through the first and second variations of {Mathematical expression}, which themselves are expressed in terms of quadratic products of eigenfunctions of {Mathematical expression}. The second variation permits identification, within the disc D, of important bifurcations in the spectral configurations of the operator {Mathematical expression}. The constant {Mathematical expression}, as the height of the Floquet discriminant over the critical point λcj, admits a natural interpretation as a Morse function for NLS isospectral level sets. This Morse interpretation is studied in some detail. It is valid globally for the infinite tail, {Mathematical expression}, which is associated with critical points outside the disc D. Within this disc, the interpretation is only valid locally, with the same obstruction to its global validity as to a global ordering of the spectrum. Nevertheless, this local Morse theory, together with the Backlund representations of the whiskered tori, produces extremely clear pictures of the stratification of NLS invariant sets near these whiskered tori-pictures which are useful in the study of perturbations of NLS. Finally, a natural connection is noted between the constants {Mathematical expression} of the integrable theory and Melnikov functions for the theory of perturbations of the NLS equation. This connection generates a simple, but general, representations of the Melnikov functions.",
author = "Y. Li and McLaughlin, {David W.}",
doi = "10.1007/BF02105191",
journal = "Communications in Mathematical Physics",
T1 - Morse and Melnikov functions for NLS Pde's
AU - Li, Y.
AU - McLaughlin, David W.
N2 - The theory of the focusing NLS equation under periodic boundary conditions, together with the Floquet spectral theory of its associated Zakharov-Shabat linear operator {Mathematical expression}, is developed in sufficient detail for later use in studies of perturbations of the NLS equation. "Counting lemmas" for the non-selfadjoint operator {Mathematical expression}, are established which control its spectrum and show that all of its eccentricities are finite in number and must reside within a finite disc D in the complex eigenvalue plane. The radius of the disc D is controlled by the H1 norm of the potential {Mathematical expression}. For this integrable NLS Hamiltonian system, unstable tori are identified, and Backlund transformations are then used to construct global representations of their stable and unstable manifolds-"whiskered tori" for the NLS pde. The Floquet discriminant {Mathematical expression} is used to introduce a natural sequence of NLS constants of motion, [ {Mathematical expression}, where λcj denotes the jth critical point of the Floquet discriminant Δ(λ)]. A Taylor series expansion of the constants {Mathematical expression}, with explicit representations of the first and second variations, is then used to study neighborhoods of the whiskered tori. In particular, critical tori with hyperbolic structure are identified through the first and second variations of {Mathematical expression}, which themselves are expressed in terms of quadratic products of eigenfunctions of {Mathematical expression}. The second variation permits identification, within the disc D, of important bifurcations in the spectral configurations of the operator {Mathematical expression}. The constant {Mathematical expression}, as the height of the Floquet discriminant over the critical point λcj, admits a natural interpretation as a Morse function for NLS isospectral level sets. This Morse interpretation is studied in some detail. It is valid globally for the infinite tail, {Mathematical expression}, which is associated with critical points outside the disc D. Within this disc, the interpretation is only valid locally, with the same obstruction to its global validity as to a global ordering of the spectrum. Nevertheless, this local Morse theory, together with the Backlund representations of the whiskered tori, produces extremely clear pictures of the stratification of NLS invariant sets near these whiskered tori-pictures which are useful in the study of perturbations of NLS. Finally, a natural connection is noted between the constants {Mathematical expression} of the integrable theory and Melnikov functions for the theory of perturbations of the NLS equation. This connection generates a simple, but general, representations of the Melnikov functions.
AB - The theory of the focusing NLS equation under periodic boundary conditions, together with the Floquet spectral theory of its associated Zakharov-Shabat linear operator {Mathematical expression}, is developed in sufficient detail for later use in studies of perturbations of the NLS equation. "Counting lemmas" for the non-selfadjoint operator {Mathematical expression}, are established which control its spectrum and show that all of its eccentricities are finite in number and must reside within a finite disc D in the complex eigenvalue plane. The radius of the disc D is controlled by the H1 norm of the potential {Mathematical expression}. For this integrable NLS Hamiltonian system, unstable tori are identified, and Backlund transformations are then used to construct global representations of their stable and unstable manifolds-"whiskered tori" for the NLS pde. The Floquet discriminant {Mathematical expression} is used to introduce a natural sequence of NLS constants of motion, [ {Mathematical expression}, where λcj denotes the jth critical point of the Floquet discriminant Δ(λ)]. A Taylor series expansion of the constants {Mathematical expression}, with explicit representations of the first and second variations, is then used to study neighborhoods of the whiskered tori. In particular, critical tori with hyperbolic structure are identified through the first and second variations of {Mathematical expression}, which themselves are expressed in terms of quadratic products of eigenfunctions of {Mathematical expression}. The second variation permits identification, within the disc D, of important bifurcations in the spectral configurations of the operator {Mathematical expression}. The constant {Mathematical expression}, as the height of the Floquet discriminant over the critical point λcj, admits a natural interpretation as a Morse function for NLS isospectral level sets. This Morse interpretation is studied in some detail. It is valid globally for the infinite tail, {Mathematical expression}, which is associated with critical points outside the disc D. Within this disc, the interpretation is only valid locally, with the same obstruction to its global validity as to a global ordering of the spectrum. Nevertheless, this local Morse theory, together with the Backlund representations of the whiskered tori, produces extremely clear pictures of the stratification of NLS invariant sets near these whiskered tori-pictures which are useful in the study of perturbations of NLS. Finally, a natural connection is noted between the constants {Mathematical expression} of the integrable theory and Melnikov functions for the theory of perturbations of the NLS equation. This connection generates a simple, but general, representations of the Melnikov functions.
U2 - 10.1007/BF02105191
DO - 10.1007/BF02105191
JO - Communications in Mathematical Physics
JF - Communications in Mathematical Physics