School Tells Student Battling Brain Cancer Her Wig 'Violates The Dress Code'
by Sarah Aswell
Originally Published: Aug. 29, 2018
Image via Tyliece Pepper/Facebook
What's more important: upholding a school dress code, or a student feeling comfortable and confident while she battles cancer?
A Texas high school student battling brain cancer for the second time was told by school administrators that she couldn't wear a two-toned wig to school because it violated local dress codes. The decision was only overturned after the student wrote an impassioned letter and attracted the attention of the media and the Lieutenant Governor.
According to Dallas News, 17-year-old Katilyn Pepper started the new school year wearing a blue-and-black wig after her hair began falling out the week before due to her cancer treatments.
Image via Tyliece Pepper
After her principal and the district's superintendent denied granting her an exemption, the teen and her mom, Tyliece Pepper, prepared to go before the McKinney ISD school board, while Katilyn wrote a letter explaining her case and asking for permission to wear the wig.
"It honestly sucks for me because I'm not able to express myself through the way I wear my hair as I once did (straight, curly, braided, etc.). Yet a wig is the exception, when my mother and I started looking for a wig I honestly thought that none of them looked good on me, and I would just look ugly until my hair grew back," she wrote in her letter.
"This wig makes me feel normal, confident and otherwise pretty during a time in my life where I have so many things I can't control, I thought this was the one thing I could, so when my new and old house principals Mr. Ortiz and Mrs. Wood told me that I couldn't wear this wig anymore all of the wind was let out of my sails.
"I know there are rules and there are always exceptions, I'm asking for the sake of my sanity please allow this to be one. I'm empowered by wearing this wig although it's subtle in color it gives me an abundance of strength and power to grieve the loss of my hair, and gives me the fortitude I need to fight this battle I'm facing with cancer."
The girl's letter and the story of her wig soon hit the media, which quickly led to the attention of Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, who asked on Twitter to give Pepper permission to wear the wig — which she was granted. He added in a second tweet, "Let's keep Kate in our prayers."
"Everyone is just overwhelmed with happiness that she can wear the wig," Pepper's mother told Scary Mommy. "We haven't had any response from the school or district to say sorry, but we're happy that she can wear the wig, and she feels so happy and confident."
Tyliece said that while the pair were aware of the rule about hair color, the turquoise wig was the only one that made her daughter feel better about her hair loss.
"We went to a few places without finding anything that looks good or feels right, and finally we find this wig," she said. "This is the first wig that she tried on and said, 'I'm feeling myself,' and I said, 'I'm sold.' That's how to wig came into play."
When Pepper came home and told her mom that the principal said she could no longer wear the wig to school, Tyliece was flabbergasted. When the superintendent emailed to say he, too, was upholding the dress code, she was even more upset.
"I thought to myself, do you understand she has brain cancer, not a head cold? This is the least of our worries," she said.
Katilyn has been chronicling her battle with cancer on YouTube, including the loss of her hair and her feelings about it.
This is far from the first time that school districts have come under fire for upholding dress codes that are often sexist, racist, body-shaming in nature, or harmful for those with health concerns or disabilities. A recent report by the National Women's Law Center found that black female students are more harshly punished than other students for dress code violations — and that they're often suspended from school for these violations, missing vital time in the classroom.
"I think that this dress code in particular is antiquated," said Pepper's mother. "School should be a place where you can express yourself and be yourself, especially if you aren't hurting anyone."
As for how things stand now? Pepper's mother says that her daughter is happy to keep the wig, but that she's been feeling quite sick from the chemotherapy she began this week.
"She's feeling yucky from her new treatments, but she's a fighter. And I'm so happy that my daughter fought about this issue. She fought and stood her ground."
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This article was originally published on Aug. 29, 2018


HomeMigration Voices Oral Histories
Migration Voices Oral Histories
Estonian Archives in Australia
Physical locations: National Library of Australia, State Library of Western Australia, State Library of South Australia, State Library of New South Wales, Migration Museum, Adelaide.
Migration voices are a defining characteristic of Australia's story, dating back to the first European settlement. This set of oral histories records the voices and stories of migration to and within Australia since the late nineteenth century. They are held as a distributed national collection at five major institutions: the National Library of Australia, State Library of Western Australia, State Library of South Australia, State Library of New South Wales and the Migration Museum in Adelaide.
Oral History collections trace their origins back to the mid twentieth century and the introduction of portable tape-recording technology. Oral History collecting activity began in Australia at the State Library of Western Australia in the 1960s. The National Library of Australia began acquiring oral history recordings from Hazel de Berg in the 1960s and established its Oral History program in 1973. The State Library of South Australia established its oral history program in 1987 and the State Library of New South Wales followed in 1990. The Migration Museum on Adelaide has been recording oral history interviews since it opened in 1986.
The interviews have been collected or commissioned by the custodial institutions according to the conventions of best practice in oral history. Interviews are recorded with interviewees who have been identified as having the relevant personal experiences and credentials to tell their story. Interviews are generally conducted by subject experts, including historians who have specialised in migration history.
These oral histories illustrate the long history of cultural diversity through immigration. They tell stories of collective experience which are also deeply individual, unique and personal. They tell of trauma and triumph, adversity and adaptation; maintaining traditional cultures and becoming Australian. That interviewees intentionally recorded account of their lives and experiences for long term public access is a testament to their generosity, pride, sense of self-worth, and belief that accounts of their lived experiences merit not only telling, but keeping, for the nation. Their stories help the nation understand immigration and the value immigrants add to life in Australia.
Estonian Oral Histories 1952-2020
This collection, held by the Estonian Archives in Australia and added to this inscription in 2021, consists of recordings in English and Estonian of the experiences of Estonian migrants to Australia after World War Two, beginning in 1947. They were amongst the first post-war non-British migrants brought to Australia. With accompanying documents the histories constitute a rich historical resource reflecting early post-war Estonian migration as well as the Australian experiences of the Estonian community. These migrants helped create a more diverse Australia, in contrast to the earlier predominantly Anglo-Celtic, non-Indigenous population mix.


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Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor
Xiaoping Zhang, Guansong Wang, Denis J. Dupré, Yumei Feng, Mélanie Robitaille, Eric Lazartigues, Ying Hong Feng, Terence E. Hébert, Guangyu Wu
The physiological function of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated through the Ang II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cell surface targeting of AT1R is regulated by Rab and Sar1 GTPases and the F(x)6LL motif in the membrane-proximal C terminus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the export of nascent AT2R remain poorly defined. In this report, we determined the role of Rab1 GTPase, which specifically controls protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, and receptor dimerization in the biosynthesis of AT2R. Cell surface expression of AT2R was augmented by transient expression of Rab1 and attenuated by dominant-negative Rab1 mutants and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Rab1. Consistently, AT2R inhibition of epidermal growth factor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was significantly reduced by the Rab1 mutants, indicating that endogenous Rab1 modulates the cell surface targeting and signaling of AT2R. It is of interest to note that Rab1 augmented the overall expression of AT2R and its mRNA, whereas the Rab1 mutants attenuated the total AT2R expression and enhanced ubiquitin-dependent AT2R degradation. Furthermore, our previously characterized ER export-deficient AT1R mutant in which the F(x)6LL motif was mutated formed both homodimers and heterodimers with AT2R. Dimerization of the AT1R mutant with AT2R blocked AT2R trafficking to the cell surface, suggesting constitutive dimerization of both receptors in the ER and an important role of dimerization in ER export of the receptors. These data demonstrate for the first time that Rab1 GTPase and dimerization modulate export traffic from the ER to the cell surface of newly synthesized AT2R.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.153460
10.1124/jpet.109.153460
Dive into the research topics of 'Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
GTP Phosphohydrolases Medicine & Life Sciences 79%
Dimerization Medicine & Life Sciences 78%
Endoplasmic Reticulum Medicine & Life Sciences 66%
Angiotensin II Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
rab GTP-Binding Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 Medicine & Life Sciences 16%
Zhang, X., Wang, G., Dupré, D. J., Feng, Y., Robitaille, M., Lazartigues, E., Feng, Y. H., Hébert, T. E., & Wu, G. (2009). Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 330(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.153460
Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor. / Zhang, Xiaoping; Wang, Guansong; Dupré, Denis J. et al.
In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 330, No. 1, 07.2009, p. 109-117.
Zhang, X, Wang, G, Dupré, DJ, Feng, Y, Robitaille, M, Lazartigues, E, Feng, YH, Hébert, TE & Wu, G 2009, 'Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor', Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 330, no. 1, pp. 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.153460
Zhang X, Wang G, Dupré DJ, Feng Y, Robitaille M, Lazartigues E et al. Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2009 Jul;330(1):109-117. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.153460
Zhang, Xiaoping ; Wang, Guansong ; Dupré, Denis J. et al. / Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor. In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2009 ; Vol. 330, No. 1. pp. 109-117.
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title = "Rab1 GTPase and dimerization in the cell surface expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor",
abstract = "The physiological function of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated through the Ang II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cell surface targeting of AT1R is regulated by Rab and Sar1 GTPases and the F(x)6LL motif in the membrane-proximal C terminus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the export of nascent AT2R remain poorly defined. In this report, we determined the role of Rab1 GTPase, which specifically controls protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, and receptor dimerization in the biosynthesis of AT2R. Cell surface expression of AT2R was augmented by transient expression of Rab1 and attenuated by dominant-negative Rab1 mutants and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Rab1. Consistently, AT2R inhibition of epidermal growth factor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was significantly reduced by the Rab1 mutants, indicating that endogenous Rab1 modulates the cell surface targeting and signaling of AT2R. It is of interest to note that Rab1 augmented the overall expression of AT2R and its mRNA, whereas the Rab1 mutants attenuated the total AT2R expression and enhanced ubiquitin-dependent AT2R degradation. Furthermore, our previously characterized ER export-deficient AT1R mutant in which the F(x)6LL motif was mutated formed both homodimers and heterodimers with AT2R. Dimerization of the AT1R mutant with AT2R blocked AT2R trafficking to the cell surface, suggesting constitutive dimerization of both receptors in the ER and an important role of dimerization in ER export of the receptors. These data demonstrate for the first time that Rab1 GTPase and dimerization modulate export traffic from the ER to the cell surface of newly synthesized AT2R.",
author = "Xiaoping Zhang and Guansong Wang and Dupr{\'e}, {Denis J.} and Yumei Feng and M{\'e}lanie Robitaille and Eric Lazartigues and Feng, {Ying Hong} and H{\'e}bert, {Terence E.} and Guangyu Wu",
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AU - Zhang, Xiaoping
AU - Wang, Guansong
AU - Dupré, Denis J.
AU - Feng, Yumei
AU - Robitaille, Mélanie
AU - Lazartigues, Eric
AU - Feng, Ying Hong
AU - Hébert, Terence E.
AU - Wu, Guangyu
N2 - The physiological function of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated through the Ang II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cell surface targeting of AT1R is regulated by Rab and Sar1 GTPases and the F(x)6LL motif in the membrane-proximal C terminus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the export of nascent AT2R remain poorly defined. In this report, we determined the role of Rab1 GTPase, which specifically controls protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, and receptor dimerization in the biosynthesis of AT2R. Cell surface expression of AT2R was augmented by transient expression of Rab1 and attenuated by dominant-negative Rab1 mutants and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Rab1. Consistently, AT2R inhibition of epidermal growth factor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was significantly reduced by the Rab1 mutants, indicating that endogenous Rab1 modulates the cell surface targeting and signaling of AT2R. It is of interest to note that Rab1 augmented the overall expression of AT2R and its mRNA, whereas the Rab1 mutants attenuated the total AT2R expression and enhanced ubiquitin-dependent AT2R degradation. Furthermore, our previously characterized ER export-deficient AT1R mutant in which the F(x)6LL motif was mutated formed both homodimers and heterodimers with AT2R. Dimerization of the AT1R mutant with AT2R blocked AT2R trafficking to the cell surface, suggesting constitutive dimerization of both receptors in the ER and an important role of dimerization in ER export of the receptors. These data demonstrate for the first time that Rab1 GTPase and dimerization modulate export traffic from the ER to the cell surface of newly synthesized AT2R.
AB - The physiological function of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated through the Ang II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cell surface targeting of AT1R is regulated by Rab and Sar1 GTPases and the F(x)6LL motif in the membrane-proximal C terminus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the export of nascent AT2R remain poorly defined. In this report, we determined the role of Rab1 GTPase, which specifically controls protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, and receptor dimerization in the biosynthesis of AT2R. Cell surface expression of AT2R was augmented by transient expression of Rab1 and attenuated by dominant-negative Rab1 mutants and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Rab1. Consistently, AT2R inhibition of epidermal growth factor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 was significantly reduced by the Rab1 mutants, indicating that endogenous Rab1 modulates the cell surface targeting and signaling of AT2R. It is of interest to note that Rab1 augmented the overall expression of AT2R and its mRNA, whereas the Rab1 mutants attenuated the total AT2R expression and enhanced ubiquitin-dependent AT2R degradation. Furthermore, our previously characterized ER export-deficient AT1R mutant in which the F(x)6LL motif was mutated formed both homodimers and heterodimers with AT2R. Dimerization of the AT1R mutant with AT2R blocked AT2R trafficking to the cell surface, suggesting constitutive dimerization of both receptors in the ER and an important role of dimerization in ER export of the receptors. These data demonstrate for the first time that Rab1 GTPase and dimerization modulate export traffic from the ER to the cell surface of newly synthesized AT2R.
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Blank Forms and Pioneer Works present an evening of performances by guitarists associated with the VDSQ label and working loosely within the American Primitive idiom pioneered by the late John Fahey. Guitar solo sets by Alan Licht, Donald Miller and Kristin Thora Haraldsdottir will be followed by a headlining series of solo and duo configurations featuring Bill Orcutt and Sir Richard Bishop.
Set times:
7:00 – Doors
8:00 – Alan Licht
8:45 – Donald Miller
9:15 – Kristin Thora Haraldsdottir
9:45 – Richard Bishop + Bill Orcutt, Solo & Duo
Bill Orcutt reimagines the blues for a schizoid modernity. Orcutt developed and refined his approach to the 4-string guitar in the 90's through his work with legendary ecstatic rock band Harry Pussy, whose spasmodic and unhinged dissonance remains unrivaled in noise rock since. Sometimes stuttering and ominous, other times mournful and vulnerable, Orcutt's current output on his haggard acoustic Kay guitar is compared with equal frequency to both avant-garde composers and rural bluesmen. Orcutt continues to discover and invent a unique sonic vernacular built around his raw and tortured tone, ragged minimalism, and inexhaustible improvisational stamina.
Sir Richard Bishop was a founding member of ethnic-improv pioneers and DIY tricksters Sun City Girls, who, during their 26-year existence, perplexed, amazed, and alienated audiences over 50 full length albums, plus over 20 one-hour cassettes and a dozen 7" records. In early 2005, Richard began touring extensively as a solo artist, performing throughout Europe, Australia, and the United States. Though known mostly for his acoustic playing, he has recently been performing with electric guitars in a solo setting. Bishop's guitar explorations often reflect the shadow worlds of India, North Africa the Middle East, and other points along the Gypsy trail, though many strange and experimental forms have crept into the live shows as of late. One can usually recognize the influences of Omar Khorshid, Django Reinhardt, Ali Akbar Khan, and Ravi Shankar in his playing, though he has fused these and many other influential elements into his own unique style. Bishop was also a co-founder in 2003 of the Sublime Frequencies label, whose mission is dedicated to acquiring and releasing obscure sights and sounds from Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and beyond. He currently has over 65 releases to its credit.
Kristin Thora Haraldsdottir's deeply personal approach to modern guitar takes the listener on a journey of unexpected beauty. A classically trained violist from Iceland, Haraldsdottir picked up the guitar out of curiosity while studying for her master's degree at Cal Arts. She seamlessly blends guitar with field recordings of oceans and rivers to create lush, haunting soundscapes that mirror the natural world and our place within it. She has also organized and performed a number of concerts for meditation and sleep, premiered work by Michael Pisaro, and performed with Sonic Boom, Dog Star Orchestra, and New Century Players.
As one third of legendary free jazz noise pioneers Borbetomagus, guitarist Donald Miller has experimented with extreme volume and timbre since the late 70's. His first regular band was the cult group Sick Dick & the Volkswagens, which featured infamous critic Lester Bangs as an auxiliary member. From 1984-99, Miller worked closely with free jazz drummer William Hooker in both duo and larger band formats. Also a gifted solo acoustic composer, Donald will soon release an album of 12-string guitar presents a powerfully profound take on the instrument.
At the vanguard of the literary, critical, and musical scenes of New York City for the past two decades, Alan Licht is a key figure in the pantheon of experimental solo guitar players born in the late 60's. As a guitarist and improviser, Licht has lent his talents to dozens of collaborations with the likes of Jim O'Rourke, Rashied Ali, Jandek, Keiji Haino, Michael Snow, and Loren Connors, and has performed in such revered bands as Title TK, Blue Humans, Text of Light, and Arthur Lee's Love. Known for blending the genres of minimalism, noise, and the avant-garde, Licht's most recent album, Currents, features a modern and minimal take on acoustic guitar music.
Steve Lowenthal is the author of Dance of Death:The Life of John Fahey and founded VDSQ Records, Vin Du Select Qualitite, in 2009 as a vehicle to explore the possibilities inherent in solo acoustic guitar. Dedicated to showcasing various connections and approaches to the guitar, the label has released albums by legendary artists Thurston Moore, Glenn Jones, and Michael Chapman, alongside new talents such as Sarah Louise, Anthony Pasquarosa, and Tashi Dorji.
Thanks to D'Addario.


Manchester United to face West Ham in Carabao Cup 3rd Round
The Red Devils will face Premier League opposition early in this season's League Cup campaign...
By Colin M. Damms@Colintheshots95 Aug 26, 2021, 12:00am BST
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Manchester United will face West Ham United in the 3rd round of the Carabao Cup on September 21, 2021. The match comes just two days after a trip to London Stadium to play the Hammers in the Premier League.
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Find out more about next month's #CarabaoCup tie #MUFC
— Manchester United (@ManUtd) August 25, 2021
The Red Devils met the Hammers in cup competition last season as well, winning 1-0 in extra time through a Scott McTominay goal on what was a pretty dull occasion. Former United manager David Moyes has turned the West London side into a formidable team over the last couple of seasons, and their midfield duo of Rice and Soucek in particular has become a problem for opponents.
This is the first non-league fixture of the new season, but the schedule will start to fill up even more tomorrow when the UEFA Champions League group stage draw is done.


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Australian adaptive surfers strike gold as sport makes professional debut in Hawaii
September 11, 2022 • disability • Disability Employment Services • disability law • disability stereotypes • intellectual disability • Living With a Disability • NDIS • NDIS Aged Care Approved • no 'dis' in disability. • Seeing the ability in disability • umbrella of disability
Australia's adaptive surfing team has scooped the pool at the inaugural Adaptive Surfing Professionals World Championship Tour event in Hawaii.
Four Australian surfers travelled the Hawaii to compete in the inaugural Adaptive Surfing Professionals World Championship Tour event
All four surfers won gold in their respective divisions
The tour has gone professional for the first time, offering a prize pool to competitors
Adaptive surfing allows competitors with additional challenges, such as those with a physical or visual impairments, to use specialised equipment or an adapted surfing experience to match their abilities.
There were nine classifications in the event, which was held from June 7-11 in Waikiki.
Mark Stewart, Jocelyn Neumeuller, Sam Bloom and Matt Formston each took out first place in their respective divisions in small conditions at Queen's Beach.
Northern Beaches surfer Sam Bloom took out the prone non-assist division.
Bloom said the win was particularly sweet because it was the first time she had ever been out in the water without her husband Cam pushing her onto waves.
Bloom said she was surprised when the competition organisers deemed she had the upper body strength to compete without him.
"I was super nervous, but then in my mind I was like, 'OK, what have you wanted to do ever since your accident', and that is to be able to go surfing on my own," Bloom said.
"So I competed on my own and I did pretty well; I won! I couldn't believe it. It was awesome."
Veteran adaptive surfer Mark "Mono" Stewart catches a wave. (Supplied: Mark Stewart)
Hawaiian 'mana' takes hold
Mark "Mono" Stewart from Byron Bay, a veteran of competitive adaptive surfing, took out the men's Any Kneeling Kneel division.
Coming off a perfect-score tube ride in one of his heats, Stewart snuck in the overall win by a margin of 0.04.
In the midst of treatment for a melanoma tumour in his lung, Stewart said he thought he was travelling to Hawaii to farewell his friends.
However, a month before the competition, a scan revealed the tumour had halved in size.
"So I went over there with the full intent of saying, I will see you all again."
Stewart said the positive atmosphere of the competition and the Hawaiian "mana" helped him go from from being wheelchaired down to the water at the beginning of the competition, to striding into the water.
"The gods were looking after me, you have no idea how happy I am at the moment."
First professional tour
Twenty-six-year-old Adelaide surfer Jocelyn Neumueller won the prone assist women's division, only two years after first getting into the sport.
Nuemueller said she was stoked to be involved in the inaugural professional event for adaptive surfers.
"It is so great to be recognised as professional athletes, with a world championship tour to compete in, that also offers prize money," she said.
Jocelyn Neumueller says it is great to be recognised as a professional athlete. (Supplied)
"This is a great step forward for equality in the sport, but also in raising awareness of the sport and its benefits, and getting more people involved."
Lennox Head surfer Matt Formston won the men's Partial Vision division, in conditions he described as 'challenging' because of a lack of swell.
Formston was assisted by his spotter, coach and best mate Michael "Crispy" Crisp.
Crisp said the Australian performance in Hawaii was extraordinary.
"It's just amazing to see surfers that are often in wheelchairs, just have such inspiration and touch and feel with waves."
A fifth Australian competing in Hawaii was South Australia's Chloe Murnane, who came third in the prone assist division.
Matt Formston surfing at Clarkes Beach in Byron Bay. (Supplied: Matt Formston)
The team will be ranked in first place as the competitors wax up for the next event to be held in California in September.
Australia is also set to host an event when the tour heads to Surf Lakes wave pool in Yeppoon in August next year.


Everything Olivia Jade Giannulli Has Said About Moving on From the College Admissions Scandal
Trying her best to move forward. In March 2019, Olivia Jade Giannulli and sister Bella Giannulli landed in the middle of the college admissions scandal when their parents, Lori Loughlin and Mossimo Giannulli, were arrested and accused of paying $500,000 in bribes to the University of Southern California in order for their daughters to get into the school as members of the crew team.
After initially maintaining their innocence, the couple eventually pleaded guilty to fraud charges in May 2020. They served separate sentences in prison and paid a total of $400,000 in fines.
In December 2020, Olivia Jade spoke out for the first time, joining Facebook's Red Table Talk for an open conversation about what happened.
"I feel like a huge part of having privilege is not knowing you have privilege, and so when it was happening, it didn't feel wrong," the YouTube star shared during the special. "I also felt very misunderstood. The picture that has been painted of me, I feel like, is not who I am. I'm not this bratty girl that doesn't want to change anything. Also, I understand why people are angry and understand why people say hurtful things and I would too if I wasn't in my boat. … When you read it, you realize that there's like some truth. I understood that people were upset and angry, and maybe it took me a little bit longer to understand what for, but man, am I glad I did realize."
Olivia Jade added that she took her "privilege and all my blessings for granted" and never thought twice.
"We were talking about being in the public and being publicly shamed, and I was like, 'Well, my situation doesn't even compare, I'm not even going to start to compare it to yours,'" the YouTube star explained during a March 2021 TikTok video. "And she looked at me, and she said, 'Olivia, it doesn't matter if I'm drowning in 60 feet of water and you're drowning in 30, we're both still drowning.' I think about that quote every day because I think it's so true and it's such a bigger message to our world right now. I think we're all very quick to judge. I think we're all very quick to put people down."
The influencer stepped even more into the spotlight when she joined season 30 of Dancing With the Stars in September 2021, and was ready to show the world an entirely different side of her.
That month, the Full House alum also made headlines as GAC Family announced that she would be reprising her When Calls the Heart role in season 2 of When Hope Calls. While Bella has appeared on Dancing With the Stars to support her sister, Loughlin has not made an appearance.
Scroll through the gallery below for everything Olivia Jade has said about moving on following the scandal:
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Hemp: the old new supercrop
HEMP could become a more common feature of the countryside, our diets and everyday life, thanks to a new £1.1m research partnership.
The two-year project between Aberystwyth University and industry aims to make hemp a more valuable crop by increasing the amounts of compounds used to make a variety of food, health and pharmaceutical products.
Hemp is currently used in specialised fire-resistant fabrics, mattresses, building materials, insulation, animal bedding and biofuel.
An environmentally friendly, natural material, it is seen as a crop that can replace petrochemical products.
Hemp fibre has been used extensively throughout history, with production climaxing soon after being introduced to the New World. For centuries, items ranging from rope to fabrics, to industrial materials were made from hemp fibre.
Hemp was also commonly used to make sail canvas. The word "canvas" is derived from the word cannabis.
Pure hemp has a texture like linen.
Because of its versatility for use in a variety of products, today hemp is used in a number of consumer goods, including clothing, shoes, accessories, dog collars, and homewares. For clothing, in some instances, hemp is mixed with lyocell.
The new PHARMHEMP research partnership will develop the crop's compounds sustainably; making them from parts of the plant that are currently left unused.
The research will also make the crop more valuable and allow use in more industrial and non-industrial sectors – making it more attractive to farmers who are keen to include alternative crops when rotating the use of their land.
Aberystwyth University's involvement has benefited from the Welsh Government funded SMART Expertise programme.
Alan Gay, Senior Research Scientist at the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) at Aberystwyth University commented: "We're delighted and excited about this new partnership. We will use our long-established expertise here in Aberystwyth to help spread the benefits of this crop to many more people.
"We also hope to contribute to improving awareness of the crop among both consumers and farmers.
"The project is also an economic boost: supporting highly skilled jobs in the west of Wales. As well as the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical uses, we will also explore industrial applications, which would significantly reduce the need for expensive imports."
Professor Iain Donnison, Head of the Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences at Aberystwyth University commented: "The Pharmahemp project builds on IBERS expertise in developing new opportunities for Welsh farming. It also represents an exciting opportunity for us to revisit and tailor a highly sustainable and versatile crop for the 21st century."
The project links a number of the UK's experienced operators in Hemp with the specialised breeding expertise of IBERS, Aberystwyth University.
The commercial partners are: TTS Pharma, specialists in pharmaceutical and health products; Voase and Son, specialist hemp growers; Elsoms Seeds, who develop and distribute seeds to the farming community; and GrowPura®, experts in controlled growing of plants where high levels of control are required.
Mark Tucker, Chief Executive at TTS Pharma, added: "This project builds on the foundations we laid in 2018 with Aberystwyth University, along with our other research projects.
"The resources and expertise at IBERS in Aberystwyth are particularly well suited to this research. They will help us to develop new cultivars, optimised for the UK climate and the end-use.
"We are delighted to have such strong partners to deliver the project's objectives. We are confident that this project will contribute significantly to improving existing yields. It will also accelerate the introduction of a domestic supply chain and help eliminate the importation of illegal and non-compliant materials from China, South and North America."
David Coop, Director of Elsoms Seeds Ltd, commented: "Elsoms Seeds is the UK's leading independent seed specialist and plant breeder. We breed, supply, and treat high quality vegetable and agricultural seed throughout the UK, using the latest in plant breeding research and seed technology.
"We are looking forward to working with IBERS and our partners on this project, and one day providing UK farmers with high quality seed of the new and innovative varieties which will result from it."
Nick Bateman of Growpura added: "In the pharmaceutical industry, the all-year-round production of materials under well-controlled conditions is important.
"With this project, we are keen to see how this plant can be adapted to growing in our high throughput sterile growing conditions, so that high quality products can be produced right throughout the year."
Industrial Hemp Grower Nick Voase said: "We have been growing and processing industrial hemp since 2002 but have seen little development of the crop in the UK.
"We are happy to be involved in this project which will adapt the crop to new uses and is specifically aimed at optimising yields from UK grown crops."
Despite a common misunderstanding, the industrial hemp strains grown in the UK are all varieties with negligible levels of the psychoactive substance THC and are selected from an 'Approved List' and only grown under Home Office licences.
New Farming Liaison Officer
NSA Lambing List closes
Johnson announces end to lamb export ban 'soon'
WELSH farming industry bodies have welcomed the prospect of Welsh Lamb exports to the US being lifted soon.
The Prime Minister claimed the ban would end after meeting with President Biden in Washington last week.
The potential market for PGI Welsh Lamb in the USA has been estimated to be worth as much as £20million a year within five years of the export restrictions being removed.
LIFTING THE BAN
The ban on British lamb to the USA has been in place since 1996 following an outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
The ban was extended in some countries to sheepmeat because a related sheep disease (scrapie) belongs to the same family of diseases.
HCC Chief Executive Gwyn Howells said, "Achieving market access for lamb to the USA has been a long road, and it looks as if we're nearly at the end of the journey.
"The ban, brought in back in 1996, has not been necessary or justifiable for many years. But it's taken a long effort and much technical work to overcome the various administrative hurdles.
"There is a promising market for high-quality Welsh Lamb in the USA, particularly in the hotel and restaurant trade on the east coast.
"Research has shown that the trade could be worth £20million a year for the sector if we can achieve access and work on developing the market.
"We look forward to hearing the details behind the announcement and are ready to grasp the opportunity should it arise."
NEWS A BOOST FOR WELSH AGRICULTURE
Welsh Conservative and Shadow Rural Affairs Minister Samuel Kurtz MS said: "Farmers across Wales will welcome the news that the US has lifted the ban on the imports of British lamb.
"It's now imperative that both the UK and Welsh Governments work in tandem to promote the benefits of Welsh lamb so that its market potential can be fulfilled."
NFU Cymru has welcomed reports that positive progress is being made on lifting a long-standing ban
NFU Cymru Livestock Board Chairman Wyn Evans said: "After being shut out of the US market for over 30 years, today's reports that Welsh sheep farmers may soon be able to access this potentially lucrative marketplace are welcome news for the sector.
"We certainly want to see this ban lifted so that trade can resume as soon as possible.
"Now this vital trade avenue appears to be a step closer to opening, it is crucial the UK Government and the authorities work alongside the whole supply chain so that we are in a position to supply product into the US as soon as the ban is lifted.
"We now wait with interest to hear more news from the US Secretary of State for Agriculture to confirm the reports that we have received following the Prime Minister's comments."
VITAL TO OPEN MORE EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES
The Farmers' Union of Wales also welcomed the news.
The FUW has long discussed the prospect of lifting the unjustified ban with the USDA in various meetings over the past decade.
Speaking from his Carmarthenshire sheep farm, FUW Deputy President Ian Rickman said: "Now more than ever, we need to explore other export markets while also protecting our long-established markets in Europe.
"The US market is one we are keen to develop much stronger relationships with and the news that this ban could soon be lifted is most welcome news for our sheep industry."
NSA Chief Executive Phil Stocker commented: "We are delighted about the announcement that the ban is to be lifted – the UK sheep industry has been waiting for this for many years.
"The sheep industry in the UK has clear potential to grow further, but any expansion must be market and demand-led.
"The UK is the third-largest exporter of sheepmeat globally, telling us that we are good at producing sheepmeat and that our supply chains are efficient and able to deliver.
"This creates another opportunity for our industry to maximise trade opportunities, and we have always seen the US as being a potentially significant market.
"After the domestic market, the EU is still our largest export market and is on our doorstep. However, access is more difficult than it was when we were part of the EU. It's essential to maintain EU access but it is also important to work on any market that gives us future potential."
Mr Stocker highlighted other benefits: "We shouldn't expect to see any sudden surge in volumes going to the US, but we do know there is strong demand for UK sheep genetics – semen and embryos. Many British sheep breeds are in the US but are numerically too small to have a strong gene pool, so genetics demand is strong.
"In addition, with sheepmeat consumption being very low in the US we believe we can help stimulate interest in lamb and quality mutton through exporting high quality British sheepmeat that reinspires interest in the product and helps the US sheep industry to build further."
No badger cull but bTB strategy change on cards
Dave Glover
THE WELSH GOVERNMENT has ruled out controlling the spread of bovine TB through a targeted cull in areas where the disease is endemic.
A spokesperson confirmed the Welsh Government's position ahead of the publication of a significant review of its TB eradication strategy.
The review, led by Professor Glyn Hewinson of Aberystwyth University, is likely to focus on cattle vaccination and the use of improved tests for TB bacteria in cattle.
False positives for BTB can only be detected after death by a post-mortem.
BOVINE TB DEVASTATES PEMBROKESHIRE FARMS
The persistence of the BTB bacteria in the soil and in the protected wild mammal population, particularly badgers, creates a perfect storm for farmers in our county.
The area around the shared borders of North Pembrokeshire, the Teifi Valley, and North West Carmarthen is a long-standing hotspot for the disease.
Farmers in that area have suffered disproportionate and repeated losses throughout the Welsh Government's different approaches to eradicating BTB.
When the disease is detected in a herd, it is standard practice for all of it to be slaughtered. Although farmers are partly compensated for their loss, the loss of their stock leaves farmers with long-term problems for their business's recovery.Herds' loss and slaughter are linked closely to mental health problems among farmers and farming families. The cost of BTB is much greater than balancing profit and loss.
CURRENT PROGRAMME ISN'T WORKING
Local MS Sam Kurtz, who comes from a farming family, told The Herald: "Since the 1970s, bovine TB has been a dark cloud hanging over our agricultural industry
"While it may not have had the impact on the public's psyche as the Foot and Mouth crisis had in the early 2000s, bovine TB has been a long and heavy burden on Welsh farmers, with over 20,000 cattle killed in the last 2 years.
"What the Welsh Government have in terms of a policy is the repetition of an outdated and inaccurate testing regime followed by stringent and debilitating restrictions on farmers.
"It is clear, from the latest data showing new bovine TB cases in Wales have risen by 3%, that the Welsh Government's current eradication programme is simply not working.
"Throughout the pandemic, our farmers have worked 24/7 to keep food on our tables, despite being laboured with the stresses and concerns of routine TB testing.
"The industry is now desperate for some urgency and a change in strategy.
"A new testing regime, Enferplex, delivers superior accuracy than the current test.
"While it is being undertaken in small pockets of Wales, a dedicated pilot scheme of this new test to collect hard data must be a priority for this Welsh Government."
The Enferplex Bovine TB antibody test identifies the presence of bovine tuberculosis. Used in conjunction with existing tests, it is far more accurate than current tests in validating positive diagnoses.
EFFECTIVE PROGRAMME MUST TACKLE ALL ASPECTS OF DISEASE
The FUW believes that any future changes to the bTB eradication programme should closely follow the science to develop an effective eradication programme covering all aspects of the disease in Wales.
An FUW spokesperson told us: "Bovine TB continues to suffocate businesses in the high and intermediate areas of infection in Wales and continues to have a significant detrimental effect on the mental health and well-being of our farmers and their families.
"September's Quarterly Publication of National Statistics on the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in Cattle in Great Britain shows variable results, with no year-on-year change in the number of herds that are not TB free in the High West Area of Wales, and a 26% rise in the number of herds not TB free in the Intermediate North Area.
"Such results continue to devastate businesses that have made massive sacrifices
to comply with the Welsh Government's costly and burdensome bovine TB eradication programme.
"The FUW welcomes further research on this devastating disease as part of a science led and pragmatic approach to TB control in Wales. We look forward to the publication of the next TB review and will be discussing the findings of the review at all relevant political and policy levels."
NFU CYMRU: WELCOME REVIEW BUT URGE OPEN MIND ON CULL
NFU Cymru County Adviser for Pembrokeshire and Ceredigion, Peter Howells, said: "It is concerning to see the latest bovine TB statistics published by Defra that show a rise in bovine TB incidents and the loss of 10,775 animals in Wales to this dreadful disease in the year ending June 21. This once again highlights that bovine TB continues to wreak havoc on the cattle industry in Wales.
"In October 2017, we saw the Welsh Government introduce a regionalised approach to tackling the disease in Wales.
NFU Cymru is supportive of an approach that allows for the appropriate measures to be introduced depending on the circumstances.
In Low TB areas of Wales, we must do all we can to keep the disease out. In areas of the country, such as South West Wales, where the evidence suggests that both cattle and badgers suffer from this disease, we believe that the disease will only be brought under control through a comprehensive package of measures that tackles the infection in both populations.
"We continue to urge Welsh Government to take note of the evidence published from England. A peer-reviewed scientific report examining the effectiveness of badger culling in reducing outbreaks of TB in cattle has shown positive results in England.
"The Defra-commissioned report revealed an average reduction in the incidence of bovine TB of at least 40% in areas of England that have completed at least four years of culling.
"Just across the border in Gloucestershire, the report has shown a 66% decline in new TB breakdowns.
"NFU Cymru continues to use every opportunity to raise with the Minister for Rural Affairs our concerns for the emotional and financial impact this disease causes to farming families. Earlier this summer, we wrote directly to the First Minister on this matter.
"We are aware that the Minister has said she will make a statement on the TB programme later this autumn and that Professor Hewinson is currently carrying out an internal review of the programme. We are pleased that the Minister has asked someone of Professor Hewinson's experience and expertise to carry out the review and we await with interest the publication of the review."
WG: EVIDENCE OF CULL'S EFFECTIVENESS INCONCLUSIVE
A Welsh Government spokesperson said: "TB in cattle is a huge challenge for all concerned and distressing for farmers who have to deal with it in their herds. Part of the solution to the problem is people's willingness to work together, both in Government and the industry.
"The Wales TB Eradication programme is built on co-operation, with three regional eradication boards working at a local level to ensure policies are developed collaboratively and communicated effectively.
"We have outlined in our Programme for Government we will not permit the culling of badgers as part of measures to deal with bovine TB.
"Recent scientific studies did not provide conclusive evidence that culling badgers alone would reduce incidence levels in cattle herds.
"It has been proven that more infection is transmitted within species than between species, which suggests that controlling transmission among cattle is a priority in the strategy for eliminating TB.
"When the Intensive Action Area (IAA) was established in 2010 with additional measures introduced into the High West TB area, 27.1% of herds were restricted due to TB control. At the end of June 2021, 14.5% of herds were restricted, constituting a decrease in herd prevalence between then and now of 46%.
"We are committed to undertaking a review of the current TB eradication programme, and we will announce a refreshed approach later this year.
"All aspects of the programme will be considered, and we will undertake a consultation in the Autumn to inform future policy."
VACCINATION AND THE FUTURE
The irony is that a largely effective vaccine already exists.
The BCG vaccination given to humans is 70% effective when used to immunise cattle. The vaccine uses the TB bacteria to provoke an immune response. Once it's used, however, tests cannot detect the difference between cattle successfully inoculated and infected cattle.
Therefore, vaccinating cows with BCG is banned in most countries, enabling vets to continue to use the PPD skin test to diagnose the disease in cattle.
Scientists at the University of Surrey believe they could have a solution to that problem.
By manipulating the disease's genetic make-up, the scientists created a BCG-minus strain. They then developed a new synthetic skin test that, like existing tests, will be positive for animals that have been exposed to TB. Unlike those tests, however, the new test will show a negative result for animals that have been vaccinated with the BCG-minus strain.
Johnjoe McFadden, Professor of Molecular Genetics at the University of Surrey, said: "To control the spread of bovine TB, effective vaccination and accurate early diagnosis of the disease are critical. This new vaccine provides protection against bovine TB. It will help fight against this deadly disease that infects over 50 million cattle worldwide and is economically devastating to farmers.
"The next stage of our work will be to demonstrate that both synthetic skin test and BCG-minus vaccine works in cattle herds. If they do, then it will be possible to vaccinate cattle against TB yet retain the value of skin test for diagnosis."
Economic value of red meat sector rises
HE VALUE of the iconic beef, lamb and pork sectors to the Welsh economy rose in 2020, as consumers turned to local, sustainable, quality food during the COVID pandemic, according to analysis by Hybu Cig Cymru – Meat Promotion Wales (HCC).New figures from the Welsh Government 'Aggregate Agricultural Output and Income' report show that the total value of agricultural output in Wales for 2020 is projected to stand at £1.7billion – a 6.2% (or £99 million) increase on the provisional figure for 2019.
Cattle and sheep account for 44% of this total at £750million; the highest proportion recorded since 2016. The agricultural output value for Wales's pig sector also increased (by 34.3% or £2 million) to a value of £8 million.
The figures reflect the strength of the livestock sector in Wales and sit in contrast to Total Income From Farming (TIFF) figures for the UK as a whole newly released by Defra. Although the TIFF figures are a different form of measuring farm production, the UK data concurs that the livestock sector has had a strong year, but in other parts of Britain, this was more than offset by poor harvests in the arable sector.
Demand for beef and lamb have been strong in the domestic retail market since the immediate aftermath of the first COVID lockdown in spring 2020. After initial market volatility, marketing campaigns by HCC and other bodies encouraged consumers to recreate restaurant meals at home.
Over the past 12 months, domestic retail sales of lamb and beef have trended consistently higher, with spending on lamb 20% higher than the previous year. Sales at independent high street butchers are also strong.
Research shows many demographic groups, including families with children, buying more beef and lamb than previously, and turning to quality home-grown produce.
HCC Data Analyst Glesni Phillips said, "The strong demand for red meat from the domestic consumer has helped drive market prices for beef and lamb at Welsh livestock markets in the second half of 2020 and into the early months of 2021.
"It's no surprise, therefore, to see that the overall value of the industry is projected to have grown. We have seen inflation in the costs on farmers, which offset some of the gains from improved market price; however, it's heartening to see consumers' support for quality Welsh produce."Welsh Lamb and Welsh Beef remain key drivers of our rural economy, and given their excellent brand reputation, they act as flagship products for the growing Welsh food and drink sector."Further analysis of the aggregate output and income figures for Welsh farms are available in HCC's latest monthly market bulletin.


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Mayo Clinic: Migraine--Treatments and Drugs
Types of Prescription Nasal Sprays
Nasal Steroid Sprays
Antihistamine Nasal Sprays
Anticholinergic Nasal Sprays
Migraine Medications
Written by Dominique Brooks
Nasal sprays can deliver a variety of medications to the nose and sinuses to treat allergies, sinusitis, headaches and nasal dryness. Use of a nasal spray can direct the medication directly to the source of the problem and avoid some of the systemic side effects from medications. Some nasal sprays like nasal saline and many decongestants are available without a prescription, but other medications like corticosteroids, nasal antihistamines and nasal migraine sprays require a prescription.
One type of prescription nasal spray contains corticosteroid medications; these sprays can be used to treat nasal allergies. Corticosteroids treat allergies by stopping inflammation, according to MayoClinic.com. These medications generally require regular use for about one week before reaching maximum effectiveness, according to the JacksonSinus.com website. The newer versions of the corticosteroid sprays have less systemic absorption, which leads to fewer side effects. Side effects of corticosteroid nasal sprays include nosebleeds and nasal irritation. Examples of prescription corticosteroid nasal sprays include fluticasone, which may be sold as Flonase, ciclesonide or Omnaris and mometasone furoate monohydrate, which is sold as Nasonex. Some of these nasal sprays are available in generic formulations.
Another prescription medication that may be used to treat allergic symptoms is the antihistamine nasal spray. Like oral antihistamines, nasal antihistamine sprays manage symptoms by blocking the release of the chemical histamine, which is important in allergic reactions. According to MayoClinic.com, these nasal sprays have some side effects like dizziness, drowsiness and a bitter taste in the mouth. Prescription antihistamine nasal sprays include azelastine, which is sold as Astelin or Astepro, and olopatadine or Patanase.
An anticholinergic medication, ipratropium or Atrovent, is also available in a prescription nasal spray. Atrovent is used to treat the runny nose associated with allergies and other conditions, according to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. According to Monthly Prescribing Reference, patients with certain conditions like narrow angle glaucoma or prostate disease should only use this medication with extreme caution because of the potential of worsening of the condition 1. Side effects of Atrovent include bloody nose, nasal dryness and irritation.
Migraine treatments are also available in prescription nasal spray form 4. Triptan medications such as sumatriptan and zolmitriptan and the ergot derivative dihydroergotamine can all be used to treat migraines and may be helpful to patients who have nausea symptoms and are unable to swallow a pill, according to the ConsumerReportsHealth.org website. The side effects of triptan medications include dizziness and muscle weakness, according to MayoClinic.com. The side effects of dihydroergotamine include nasal irritation, change in taste and dry mouth, according to the M.A.G.N.U.M. website.
Monthly Prescribing Reference: Atrovent Nasal Spray
ConsumerReportsHealth.org: Generic Migraine Drug Could Relieve Your Pain and Save You Money
Bellaire Neurology: Migraine Headache
Dominique Brooks has been a medical editor for over 10 years. She has worked in medical education for physicians, nurses and pharmacists as well as consumers. She started writing business articles for Work.com in 2008 and health articles online in 2009. She holds a Master of Business Administration from the University of Alabama and a Doctor of Medicine from Vanderbilt University.
opreaistock/iStock/Getty Images


Andrew Klaus Film Spark
Spark (update)
We're entering the final big chunk of shooting for Spark, with principal photography wrapping by the end of January, which will lea...
Spark (update) Reviewed by Andrew klaus-Vineyard on 9:22:00 AM Rating: 5
We're entering the final big chunk of shooting for Spark, with principal photography wrapping by the end of January, which will leave only the delightful effects shots to pick up and engineer. The films opening sequence, a quite bloody suicide attempt has yet to be lensed, saving the best for last- perhaps.
The script has been largely improvised, and wholly unpleasant. It's been a grueling process mentally and emotionally making a film that many will instantly view as autobiographical and at times even I have had a hard time discerning the facts from the fiction of it all.
Much has been made of the fact the film is pornographic. I've argued it's sexually explicit but not pornographic since the visceral depictions of real sex in the film are integral plot points meant to provoke and disturb rather than titillate. I argue if it is pornography, then it's the least sexy porno film I can make. The film paints with the sickly tones of addiction with a pseudo-documentary/verité flair that belies the planning involved to make the film. Shot in three countries and in multiple states on a variety of formats to express the dreamlike (or nightmarish) state of manic depression and sexual depravity the film is the experimental feature that my gallery work has hinted at for years, work that I've been hesitant to fully extrapolate into a narrative film. But no more. There are so many people to thank who've supported this project that I won't start that just yet but I love you all.
For those who need a synopsis
Spark follows a self absorbed artist/film maker who turns the cameras on himself through a major depressive period and highly active time of sexual addiction. The film is a raw and unflinching look at self destruction and hopefully, recovery.


737 max cockpit
While the winglets themselves differ in design, it could cause confusion determining the aircraft type for some. Copa is the first non-US airline to take delivery of the MAX since its ungrounding. News & Advice. 737 Max aircraft were grounded in 2019 after two fatal crashes, but resumed flying this month after an overhaul. The system then repeats the process if it detects the plane is still tilted at too great an angle. MCAS. Global regulators and aviation organizations from around the world collaborated to allow the airplane to safely return to service. The crew was proud to fly today's flight with our customers, family members and Robert Isom. Additional Updates. Boeing 737 Max to make its first US flight for almost two years. RESTRUCTURED ORDER: 25 x Boeing 737 MAX 10. The aircraft has a unique configuration three-class layout for the MAX, with 16 seats in business class, 24 in premium economy, and 126 in economy. In March 2019, the Boeing 737 MAX passenger airliner was grounded worldwide after 346 people died in two crashes, Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019. Download PDF version; Related Content. China hasn't given any indication of when recertification will come. 30 October 2019 Sensor concerns ignored Changes to the 737 MAX. Photo: Boeing. LEARN MORE. Coronavirus has set aviation back to 1999, leading data analysts say. 25 x Boeing 737 MAX 10. In addition, some countries have closed their airspace to the plane. Today we operated our first commercial flight on the Boeing 737 MAX since its extensive, 20-month recertification process with a flight crew who has 150+ combined years of experience. Boeing 737 Max flying again after being grounded for nearly two years Dec. 29, 2020 02:43 The two were among 189 who died on Oct. 29, 2018, when a Max … On December 9th, after over a year of the MAX grounding and recertification process, United Airlines became the first carrier in the world to take a MAX jet.Since then, American carriers have received a total of 10 Boeing 737 MAX planes. There are just under 300 737 MAX currently allocated to Chinese carriers, including aircraft on order and not yet delivered. So, while things are certainly looking up for Boeing and its troubled 737 MAX, there is still a long way to go. A former senior manager at Boeing, who urged the company to shut down the 737 MAX factory, has revealed the fleet experienced at least 13 other safety incidents in the aircraft… United, American, and Southwest have all taken new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft. I N MARCH A Boeing 737 MAX aircraft crashed in Ethiopia, just six months after a similar accident in Indonesia. Tweet. Photo: airbus777 via Wikimedia Commons. First aircraft scheduled to arrive in mid-2023. As the Lion Air crew fought to control their diving Boeing Co. 737 Max 8, they got help from an unexpected source: an off-duty pilot who happened to be riding in the cockpit. With any new technology, there are risks in the early days as we saw with the Boeing 787 Dreamliner batteries. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) resisted grounding the aircraft until March 13, by which time most other regulators had already done so as a safety precaution. The crashes in Indonesia and Ethiopia came within five … Whilst the Boeing 737 is a tried and true aircraft model, this new version, the 737 MAX is still relatively new. "Achieving this milestone on schedule is a testament to the success of the 737 and our integrated design and build team," says Keith Leverkuhn, Boeing's vice-president and general manager for the 737 Max programme. On Oct. 29, 2018, a Max operated by Indonesia's Lion Air plunged into the Java Sea. Note that China was the first nation to ground the 737 MAX after the second crash that eventually led to its worldwide grounding. The 737 Max was the first new aircraft to benefit from the internal restructuring, so Boeing is keen to show that the company has learned from past mistakes. Boeing's 737 MAX jets have been grounded across the globe since March 2019. This required software function operates in unusual flight conditions only and now relies on two sensors, activates only once and never overrides pilots' ability to control the airplane. First aircraft scheduled to arrive in February 2025 . Although Boeing will undoubtedly be thrilled when Canada and EASA have recertified the MAX, its biggest market is China. Pictures emerge of a Boeing 737 Max due to be delivered to Ryanair with the name 737 Max replaced by 737-8200 on the nose. If the winglets go up and down, the aircraft is a Boeing 737 MAX. Videos. So this carries extra weight both in China and internationally. Both crashed jets were Boeing 737 Max 8s, a variant of the best-selling aircraft in history. Highlights from new Virgin Australia Group CEO Jayne Hrdlicka's first day . Picture: Joe Raedle/Getty Images/AFP Source:AFP. Boeing is scheduled to release earnings figures on July 29. The firm is to pay $2.5bn to settle US criminal charges over the 737 Max aircraft conspiracy. Advertisement: The Boeing 737 MAX has split winglets. In the 737 Max, MCAS does this automatically, moving the aircraft back to a "normal" flight position. Boeing 737 MAX aircraft are under scrutiny — and a big focus of attention is on the jet's anti-stalling MCAS feature. Daniel Elwell, acting administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, listens to testimony as the picture of the Boeing 737 cockpit is displayed during a hearing to the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Aviation Subcommittee on 'Status of the Boeing 737 MAX' on Capitol Hill in Washington, U.S., May 15, 2019. 23 x Boeing 737 MAX 8. The flag carrier of Panama, Copa, has taken delivery of one 737 MAX 9 since the ungrounding. However, some airlines, such as United, also operate non-MAX 737s with the 'split scimitar' winglet. American Airlines and Southwest Airlines operate the 737 MAX 8, and United Airlines flies a slightly larger version, the MAX 9. The airline also retains future purchase options on an additional 52 MAX aircraft. Photo: Getty Images 10 Boeing 737 MAX deliveries. Yet, the oft-discussed per-plane penalty provision in Southwest's contract for each 737 Max aircraft if simulator training was required was actually a vestige of an earlier deal. Boeing's 737 MAX fleet has only recently been recertified to fly by the US Federal Aviation Administration after a technical malfunction caused two planes to crash in the past two years. There wasn't a lot of thought given to it, according to a senior Southwest executive, but it would have profound cultural consequences on the development of the Max. China was the first country in the world to suspend all Boeing 737 Max 8 airplanes and more than 40 countries including Singapore, Australia, and the European Union, Canada, and the US followed suit. First aircraft scheduled to arrive in July 2021. The first airlines began flying the 737 Max in mid-2017. Boeing 737 Max airplanes sit parked at Boeing Field in Seattle, Washington, U.S., on Monday, July 27, 2020.
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/ Billy the Kid
Billy the Kid, 1859–81, American outlaw, b. New York City. His real name was probably Henry McCarty; he was known as William H. Bonney. His family moved to Kansas and then to New Mexico when he was a child. He frequented saloons and gambling halls and killed several men during his teens. In 1878 he led a gang in the Lincoln co. cattle war, killed two deputies, and engaged in large-scale cattle rustling. John S. Chisum and other cattlemen secured (1880) the election of a new sheriff sworn to rid the country of the cattle thieves. Billy the Kid was captured, tried, and sentenced to death. He escaped but was again trapped and was shot by Sheriff Pat F. Garrett.
See biographies by P. F. Garrett (1882, repr. with introd. by J. C. Dykes 1967), R. N. Mullin (1967), C. A. Siringo (1967), and C. W. Breihan (1970).


Home » TV » 'The Bachelor': Colton Underwood Has Some Dating Advice For The Ladies
'The Bachelor': Colton Underwood Has Some Dating Advice For The Ladies
Colton Underwood and Cassie Randolph haven't exactly had the smoothest road to love. The two started dating during Colton's season of The Bachelor. He was immediately very smitten. Cassie, however, had some warming up to do. When the two would go on dates, you could tell that Colton was all-in but Cassie was a little more could-take-it-or-leave-it. Eventually, Cassie broke up with Colton before the evening portion of their fantasy suite date. It's what prompted him to jump an eight-foot fence. He only returned to break up with the remaining two contestants (Hannah Godwin and Tayshia Adams) and devote the remainder of his time on the show to winning Cassie back.
He was successful and, today, the couple seems to be very happy together.
Colton Underwood was nominated for 'Most Meme-Able Moment' for jumping an eight-foot fence on 'The Bachelor'
Colton was recently nominated for MTV's Most Meme-Able Moment. On the red carpet, he and Cassie were interviewed about the reality star's nomination.
"I never thought that jumping a fence would get nominated for an award but it's exciting to be here, it's exciting to be nominated. There are so many people who work so hard to put this show on, and I joked with production the whole entire year, I was like I want this show to win every award possible. Because everybody works so hard and they invest in you and they care for you so I'm very, very excited to be representing The Bachelor franchise," he said.
Colton Underwood's dating advice: stop dating boys; start dating men
https://www.instagram.com/p/BzHac6YHikN/
The interviewer went on to ask the couple for some dating advice, as she was experiencing some dating troubles of her own–"you know, boys."
"That's your problem: boys. You need to be dating men," Colton responded.
"This is why you're The Bachelor, because you know what's up," the interviewer responded.
"Have somebody who has their life together first. You can't fix somebody so you have to make sure that they have their ducks in a row," he said.
Cassie Randolph and Colton Underwood are still adjusting to life as reality TV stars
https://www.instagram.com/p/ByPAv3hnQ8j/
The interviewer went on to ask the couple if they've felt any more adjusted to their new life as of late.
"It's so surreal," Colton responded. "It's been kind of a crazy adjustment I think for both of us. It's been a little bit of a change and we're still adjusting to it a little to be normal to be completely honest but we're having fun with it."
"No, yeah, we're having a lot of fun with it. It's definitely different. Sometimes, like, scary, but it's been very fun. I feel super lucky," said Cassie.
Read more: 'The Bachelorette': Cassie Randolph and Colton Underwood Think Peter The Pilot Should Be The Next Bachelor
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Discover Massa Marittima. A picturesque hilltop town off the tourist trail
Massa Marittima is perched on a hill a few kilometres from the Maremma coast, in Tuscany, central Italy. We visited in early summer when tourists are scarce, the temperature ideal and the atmosphere relaxed and welcoming.
Leaving the car just outside the city centre, it's a short, steep walk into the main square Piazza del Duomo. This is a fabulous example of Medieval architecture. With picturesque corners, ancient buildings and stunning views, it might be less popular than other more famous towns in Tuscany, but it's no less impressive.
Massa Marittima, the Cathedral square – photo @AlessandroSquassoni on pixabay
Massa Marittima, Italy – The majestic main square
The Cathedral dominates Massa Marittima's main square from the top of a stone staircase. The bright marble illuminates the piazza, which is flanked by some beautifully preserved Medieval buildings. The Palazzo dei Podestà, adorned with coats of arms by the different ruling podestà, hosts a small archeological museum, with some Etruscan artefacts. Here you can learn a bit about the pre-history of this area.
You'll notice the Palazzo Comunale, which is made up of two Medieval house towers. The central part that unites the two towers is in pure Gothic style, and you can clearly see how it joins the two towers together.
⇒ This is a common feature in Tuscany. When the defensive function of the tower houses was no longer necessary, the edifices changed with the trend and became palaces. This is how the tower houses eventually disappeared. Some original tower houses in Tuscany are still in their original form however, the most famous ones are in San Gimignano, nicknamed "the Manhattan of the Middle Ages".
Massa Marittima – photo credit @680451 on pixabay
The extraordinary Cathedral dedicated to Saint Cerbonius
The Cathedral is the artistic gem of Massa Marittima. The lowest most ancient part, is Romanesque, while the upper part of the facade with the three spires shows influences of the Sienese Gothic.
The elegant structure and the fine decorations make it a very evocative sight. Take time to enjoy the details of the decorations, and you'll see that the lions that guard the main portal play a meaningful role: protecting the faith (represented by the cub and the calf) and serving as a menacing warning against the enemy of Christianity.
Massa Marittima Cathedral
⇒ Massa Marittima Cathedral is among the Best Romanesque Churches in Tuscany.
The church is dedicated to a very special character, Saint Cerbonius, who was Bishop in the VI century. The story goes that the Pope himself, Gregory I, was so taken by him that he got to his feet when he received him during his visit.
You can see his story told in stone in the ark behind the Cathedral's main altar. Cerbonius' symbol is a goose, as a gaggle of them diligently followed him to Rome as he was travelling to pay his homage to the Pope. In the main portal you also find scenes depicting the story of the saint, and his travels by sea to Rome, where the geese were offered to the Pope as a gift.
⇒ Discover all reasons you'll fall in love with the Maremma!
⇒ Trip ideas! Itineraries in Tuscany made for your interests.
Massa Marittima Cathedral, details of the portal – photo @lovefromtuscany
A walk around Massa Marittima reveals many surprises
TREE OF FERTILITY
A few steps behind the church you'll find the most curious feature of the town, the Fertility Tree fresco. Dating back to the 13th century, it was only rediscovered in 2000, and depicts a group of women in Medieval guise around a huge tree that has human penises dangling from its branches. A woman is trying to reach one with a pole, others are arguing, while black birds are flying over the scene.
Art critics don't agree on one single interpretation of the fresco. Some think it's an allegory of fertility, as this was the public fountain bringing life-giving water to the town. Others see it as a political manifesto by the Pope-following Guelphs against the Ghibellini (followers of the emperor) who, the Guelphs thought, would have spread heresy and sexual perversity if they rose to power.
The Fertility Tree fresco – photo @lovefromtuscany
CHURCH OF SANT'AGOSTINO
The Church of Sant'Agostino, set in the high part of town, also deserves a visit. It's a Gothic structure with a simple bare facade, a single nave and some baroque paintings. We particularly loved the 15th century cloister, a peaceful space with a suggestive atmosphere.
THE VIEW FROM THE SIENESE FORTRESS
If you walk up the steep street to the Sienese fortress you're in for a treat. One of the original gates and the western wall still stand. But the reason to venture up here is the view. From here you can see the coast and Elba island, so head there for the best photo ever. The tower was a symbol of the town's independence and when Siena finally took over, they reduced its height and linked it to the newly built fortress.
⇒ See the weird and wonderful landscapes of Tuscany.
The narrow streets of Massa Marittima constantly surprise you, with lovely shops selling jewellery and ceramics, little enoteche and relaxing open air tables. Vicolo Ciambellano is where you'll find – what they claim – is the smallest taverna in Italy.
Would you like more suggestions for your trip?
⇒ 10 Charming small towns in Tuscany.
⇒ 3 Scenic drives in Tuscany
⇒ Where to go to Travel back in time in Tuscany
The view from the fortress, photo @lovefromtuscany
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$14 Million in Grants Support Clean Waters and Recreational Boating
by editor | Jul 1, 2013 | News |
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced in late June that more than $14.7 million will be awarded to 23 states under the Clean Vessel Act (CVA) grant program in 2013.
The first CVA awards were made in 1993. Since that time, the service's Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program has awarded more than $200 million to states for projects funding construction, replacement, renovation and maintenance of facilities that assist recreational boaters in properly disposing of onboard septic waste. The program also provides information and education on the importance, benefits and availability of pump outs.
"Clean Vessel Act grants are essential to ensure clean water and healthy environments that allow for recreational boating opportunities," said Service Director Dan Ashe. "The CVA program has a substantial economic impact on local communities, which is a win-win situation for conservation initiatives and businesses across America."
Funds for the CVA program are provided annually from the Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust fund. These funds are derived through the collection of fishing tackle manufacturer excise taxes and boat and fishing import duties, as well as motorboat and small engine fuel taxes. The program supports the user-pay, public-benefit cycle that has led to the successes of the Sport Fish Restoration programs. States apply for CVA funding and they or their partners provide matching funds to complete projects. Sub-grantees often include local municipalities and private marinas.
In addition to traditional on-dock pump outs, projects include pump-out boats that travel in designated harbors to make the sewage collection process more efficient and convenient. Some states also install floating restrooms in areas where boaters congregate and no restrooms are available.
"The Clean Vessel Act is a critical tool in helping the states to maintain clean and healthy waters for people and wildlife alike," said Assistant Director Hannibal Bolton of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program. "The pump outs built through these funds ensure clean drinking water, sustainable ecosystems and healthy recreational areas will be accessible to the American people."
Recommended Clean Vessel Act Awards for the fiscal year 2013 in the Heartland area include:
Alabama – Coastal $203,983, Inland $81,483 – The Alabama Department of Environmental Management plans to install six new coastal and four new inland pump outs. They will continue their information and education program by distributing written and electronic materials and participating in workshops and boat shows. The new pump outs will increase the available pump outs along the coast by 22 percent and in inland waters by 9 percent.
Arkansas – Inland $1,500,000 – The Arkansas Department of Health plans to construct fixed and mobile pump-out facilities, including purchasing 10 fixed pump-out stations, 12 new pump-out boats, 12 floating restrooms, 10 plumbing docks; renovating four pump-out boats; operating and maintaining 20 pump-out boats; and assisting in marine sewage hauling. They will also continue their campaign to increase awareness, understanding and compliance with the goals of the CVA program in its state. The Arkansas Marina Sanitation Act requires all vessels with marine sanitation devices to lock them to prevent direct sewage discharge, increasing the need for operational pumpout facilities.
Georgia – Coastal $269,566 – The Georgia Department of Coastal Resources plans to construct at least six coastal pump-out projects in Chatham, Bryan, McIntosh, Camden and Glynn Counties and expand its boater education program.
Indiana – Coastal $102,530, Inland $102,530 – The Indiana Department of Environmental Management plans to construct at least one coastal pump out along Lake Michigan and one inland pump out at Kent's Harbor along Brookville Lake, and provide operations and maintenance assistance for existing pump outs. It will also produce educational materials to raise boater awareness.
Louisiana – Coastal $50,000 – The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries plans to construct three new pump-out facilities along the coast in the Lake Pontchartrain area and conduct a multimedia educational campaign to inform the public about the use of boat waste disposal facilities as a means for reducing water pollution.
Michigan – Coastal $200,000 – The Michigan Department of Natural Resources will issue grants primarily for maintenance of existing pump-out facilities. It currently does not have any marinas that have requested funds for new construction, so it will focus its attention on making sure the existing marinas have operational pump outs.
Mississippi – Coastal $76,000, Inland $54,000 – The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources plans to install two coastal pump outs in Hancock, Harrison,or Jackson County, install three inland pump outs, and continue to develop and implement an education program wherein marina operators will receive appropriate signage for their pump-out stations, brochures and other media materials explaining the program and pump-out procedures.
Missouri – Inland $48,000 – The Missouri Department of Conservation plans to use the funds to construct or replace pump outs as marinas come forward with need during the year. It anticipates it can complete three projects with the funds. Marinas that receive CVA funds from MDC must include use of pump outs in their marina contracts with boaters.
Ohio – Inland $533,315 – The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Watercraft plans to install one new pump-out and one floating restroom at the Cincinnati Transient Marina in Hamilton County along the Ohio River and to install one new pump-out facility at the West Harbor Marina in Ottawa County along Lake Erie. It will also continue its information and education program partnering with communities, non-profits and other states.
Oklahoma – Inland $36,513 – The Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality plans to install one pump-out project at Point Carlos Marina on the Grand Lake of the Cherokees. The closest existing pump out is over five miles from there and over 90 percent of the boats that visit the marina have onboard sanitary facilities.
Texas – Coastal $240,000, Inland $270,000 – Texas Parks and Wildlife Department plans to enhance the infrastructure of its pump outs by installing seven coastal and 10 inland pump-out facilities, proving maintenance funds to keep pump outs operational and continue its boater education program to inform boaters of the issues associated with human waste and its proper disposal. It will also develop and distribute a map and educational materials, conduct CVA workshops, provide maintenance to existing pump-out facilities and develop plans for future CVA project locations
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Return to Website > Index > General > Bible Prophecy Forum Postings > Remote Pacific islands slipping below... Recent Posts
Return to Website > Index > General > Bible Prophecy Forum Postings > Remote Pacific islands slipping below...
Mar 9, 2012 - 9:42AM
Remote Pacific islands slipping below the ocean- plan launched to relocate entire population
http://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/
March 9, 2012 – FIJI – Fearing that climate change could wipe out their entire Pacific archipelago, the leaders of Kiribati are considering an unusual backup plan: moving the populace to Fiji. Kiribati President Anote Tong told The Associated Press on Friday that his Cabinet this week endorsed a plan to buy nearly 6,000 acres on Fiji's main island, Viti Levu. He said the fertile land, being sold by a church group for about $9.6 million, could provide an insurance policy for Kiribati's entire population of 103,000, though he hopes it will never be necessary for everyone to leave. "We would hope not to put everyone on one piece of land, but if it became absolutely necessary, yes, we could do it," Tong said. "It wouldn't be for me, personally, but would apply more to a younger generation. For them, moving won't be a matter of choice. It's basically going to be a matter of survival." Tong said some villages have already moved and there have been increasing instances of sea water contaminating the island's underground fresh water, which remains vital for trees and crops. He said changing rainfall, tidal and storm patterns pose as least as much threat as ocean levels, which so far have risen only slightly. Some scientists have estimated the current level of sea rise in the Pacific at about 2 millimeters (0.1 inches) per year. Many scientists expect that rate to accelerate due to climate change. Fiji, home to about 850,000 people, is about 1,400 miles south of Kiribati. But just what people there think about potentially providing a home for thousands of their neighbors remains unclear. Tong said he's awaiting full parliamentary approval for the land purchase, which he expects in April, before discussing the plan formally with Fijian officials. -MSNBC
A Sinking Nation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Vywtkqre4c&feature=player_embedded
Mar 9th, 2012 - 9:42 AM


Insights| October 2, 2019
1 in 5 Surgeons Plan To Retire Early Due To Physical Strain Of Surgeries
CMR Surgical report, deficit of doctors, Medical profession, surgeons in the U.S., Surgeons Plan To Retire Early
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Results of a new survey show that one in five surgeons in the U.S. plans to retire early due to the physical strain that their bodies go through when conducting certain medical operations.
The surgeons said conducting laparoscopic surgery was literally back-breaking work. Of those who responded to the survey, 78 percent said they had experienced muscular or back pain while performing laparoscopic surgery. To illustrate the problem, 13 percent of surgeons in the U.S. said they have had to consult with a healthcare professional due to musculoskeletal injuries.
Keyhole surgery presents a dilemma for surgeons
The survey, by CMR Surgical, presents somewhat of a dilemma for the medical profession. Minimal access surgery has markedly improved patient outcomes. However, the arduous nature of keyhole surgery could force 20 percent of surgeons to retire early.
Minimal access surgery "can be difficult to conduct and physically grueling for a surgeon to do, where the surgeon stands in physically difficult positions to conduct procedures including hysterectomy, hernia-repair, and colectomy," a statement accompanying the report said.
What was particularly disconcerting for the surgeons is that they had to take awkward positions when conducting minimal access surgery.
How does the U.S. compare with UK and Germany
It is not just U.S. surgeons, though, who are planning early retirement. The survey showed that 20 percent of their counterparts in the United Kingdom are also thinking of retiring early. Germany fares slightly better, with 15 percent of surgeons in that country planning to retire early due to the physical impact of conducting keyhole laparoscopic surgery.
The report said three in four (76 percent) surgeons in the UK have experienced back pain while performing laparoscopic surgery, while 61 percent of surgeons in Germany have experienced muscular or back pain while using this technique.
In addition, the report revealed that the most common areas of discomfort are the back, neck, and shoulders for surgeons. It said that surgeons who perform colorectal surgery are significantly more likely to consider early retirement than those who perform gynecological surgery.
It said surgeons who are under 5 ft 3" or over 6 ft 1" are most likely to experience muscular or back pain during, or as a result of, surgery.
CMR Surgical surveyed more than 450 general, gynecological and colorectal surgeons across the U.S. and Europe.
"Surgeons of all stripes are reporting musculoskeletal pain and injuries as a result of going to work every day. It is hard to imagine that those responsible for any other workplace, let alone one where the stakes are so high, such as in surgery, would tolerate rates of worker injury such as are now being reported by surgeons. Surgeons need to be supported to conduct minimal access procedures sustainably in order to protect the future of the surgical workforce, for the benefit of surgeons, hospitals and most importantly, patients," Adrian Park, Professor of Surgery and Chairman at Anne Arundel Health System, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, said.
Mark Slack, Chief Medical Officer at CMR Surgical, said it was unacceptable to conduct laparoscopic surgery and offer its benefits to patients and healthcare providers, while neglecting the impact this technique had on the surgical workforce.
Medical profession faces a deficit of doctors
The CMR Surgical report further sheds light on the problems the medical sector is facing. While the advances in technology have had an immeasurable impact on patients, a report by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, the Harvard Global Health Institute, the Massachusetts Medical Society and the Massachusetts Health and Hospital Association (MHA) said burnout has become widespread and is driven by rapid changes in health care and in the doctors' professional environment.
This is further compounded by projections that the U.S. will have a deficit of more than 7,000 general surgeons by 2050.
In addition, the Association of American Medical Colleges predict the U.S. will see a shortage of up to 122,000 physicians by 2032. Among specialists, the report projected a shortage of between 14,300 and 23,400 surgeons.
"This is really no longer a surgeons' issue. The data is clear that while the workload of surgeons is increasing, the workforce is decreasing or static at best. To meet this need, the last thing society as a whole can afford is shortened surgical careers," Park advised.
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