An uncertain homecoming: When child suffers stroke, Esperanza Center steps in
By Maria Wiering
mail@CatholicReview.org
Cinthia, an immigrant who lives in Baltimore, anticipated an April phone call confirming her two daughters, ages 9 and 12, had made it to the United States from Honduras.
When the call came, she couldn't have anticipated additional news: 9-year-old Gelen had suffered a stroke.
"I was very scared. I was screaming a lot," Cinthia said.
From the caller – another immigrant who had accompanied her daughters – Cinthia learned that Gelen felt ill before the U.S.-Mexico border crossing. She struggled to walk, so someone carried her. Soon after they were on the U.S. side, the girls were taken into custody by U.S. immigration officials and put in a truck.
Inside, Gelen blacked out.
By the time her mother received the news, Gelen (pronounced "Helen") was in a Texas hospital. Her sister, Maria Belén, was in an immigration detention center.
Maria Belén eventually joined her mother in Baltimore as part of the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement's family reunification program. Gelen, however, remained hospitalized, unable to reunite with her mother because she needed medical care. For help, Cinthia, 31, leaned on relatives and reached out to Catholic Charities of Baltimore' Esperanza Center, where she had been fingerprinted as part of the reunification process.
Cinthia, who asked that her last name not be printed, recounted her story in Spanish. Jermín Laviera, an Esperanza client services representative who worked with Cinthia and her daughters, translated for the Catholic Review on her behalf.
Esperanza's staff members and nursing student volunteers from the University of Maryland connected Cinthia with specialists from Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, who committed to continuing Gelen's specialized care. Securing that commitment was critical for Cinthia to obtain approval as Gelen's sponsor and in reuniting mother and daughter, according to Val Twanmoh, Esperanza's director.
In June, Gelen was transferred from Texas to a medical facility in Albany, N.Y., where she continued her recovery and received visits from her mother and sister.
After two more months of therapy, the facility discharged Gelen, and Cinthia took her home to Baltimore Sept. 11.
Now 10, Gelen is enrolled in school and continues therapy at Johns Hopkins' East Baltimore Medical Center, which charges for medical services on a sliding scale.
Hope for recovery
After Cinthia's parents died, she left Colon, Honduras, about three years ago seeking work to support her family. Her daughters stayed in Honduras with their stepfather, but he moved the girls to different houses and stole the money Cinthia sent for their care, she said. Escalating violence and risk of kidnapping in Honduras compelled her girls' 20-day journey north.
Gelen sat quietly as she listened to her mother recount her family's story. "Hello" is one of the few words she can say again. Her right side remains partially paralyzed. Cinthia is hopeful her daughter will make a full recovery.
A parishioner of Sacred Heart of Jesus-Sagrado Corazón de Jesús in Highlandtown, Cinthia looks to her relatives and God for support, she said.
"Cinthia's was a hard case," said Laviera, the Esperanza Center translator, adding that the family's outcome makes her "feel very, very happy."
Most from Honduras
While youths from El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico also contribute to the more than 67,000 immigrant minors who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border illegally last year without guardians, most are from Honduras, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Through the Office of Refugee Resettlement, many unaccompanied minors are able to reunite quickly with family members already living in the U.S.
In 2014, Esperanza reunified 481 unaccompanied minor children with family members. The Fells Point center is one of two places in Maryland where people can be fingerprinted as they work to gain custody of unaccompanied minors who have crossed the border.
Pope Francis has called the surge of unaccompanied minors crossing the U.S.-Mexican border a "humanitarian emergency" and has asked for them to be "welcomed and protected."
In August, Catholic Charities of Baltimore applied for a federal grant to house unaccompanied minors as they wait to be reunified with family members. It learned in early December that the Office of Refugee Resettlement has deferred a final decision on the proposal, as it "has adequate capacity among its current shelter providers to meet the current need for transitional shelter services," Catholic Charities Executive Director William J. McCarthy Jr. wrote in a Dec. 9 e-mail to the agency's staff that was forwarded to the Catholic Review.
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Burning Challenges
JEF webinars
MEET & INFLUENCE
ABOUT JEF
JEF 2019 PANEL BIOS
STEM for Life Foundation, USA
Rev. Nicanor Pier Giorgio Austriaco
Professor of Biology and of Theology
Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island
Benjamin David
Medical Ethics Doctor
Msrg. Tomasz Trafny
Official of the Pontifical Council for Culture
Panel Intro
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS AROUND PATIENT CHOICE AND HUMAN ENHANCEMENT IN HEALTHCARE?
Dr. Robin L. Smith, age 54, is a business leader, entrepreneur, medical doctor and philanthropist and is uniquely positioned to assist public companies and health care systems successfully advance in the rapidly evolving health care industry. She received her BA from Yale, MD from the Yale School of Medicine and an MBA from the Wharton School of Business and completed the Stanford University Directors Program. Dr. Smith is a trailblazer in the fields of regenerative medicine and predictive analytics and has focused on turnarounds, M&A and disruptive innovations driving interest and growth. In 2005, she was recruited to turn around Phase 3 Medical a bulletin board company with a non- sustainable plan. She became chairman of the board and chief executive officer in 2006 and created the NeoStem family of companies (NASDAQ: NBS) where she pioneered the company's innovative business model: combining proprietary cell therapy development with successful contract development and manufacturing organization In 2007, Dr. Smith founded the Stem for Life Foundation (SFLF), a nonpartisan 501(c)3 educational organization devoted to fostering global awareness of the potential for regenerative medicine to treat and cure a range of deadly diseases and debilitating medical conditions, as opposed to merely treating their symptoms. In 2016, under Dr. Smith's leadership the foundation launched Unite To Cure, a global health movement that builds bridges among doctors, health systems, patients, business leaders, regulators, investors, politicians, philanthropists, and leaders of faith to collaborate and speed the development of cures, impact human health and save lives. The April 2018 global Unite To Cure event held at the Vatican, reached over 2.5 billion people standing alongside the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland Dr. Smith has coauthored two books: Cells Are the New Cure (2017) and The Healing Cell: How the Greatest Revolution in Medical History Is Changing Your Life (2013). She maintained a regular column for the Huffington Post for six years.
Rev. Nicanor Austriaco O.P., Ph.D., S.T.D. completed his Bachelor's Degree (B.S.E.) in Bioengineering, summa cum laude, at the University of Pennsylvania, and then earned his Ph.D. in Biology from M.I.T. in the laboratory of Professor Leonard Guarente, where he was a fellow of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). He was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers in May of 2004. He completed his Pontifical License in Sacred Theology (S.T.L.) in Moral Theology, summa cum laude, at the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, DC, in 2005, and a Pontifical Doctorate in Sacred Theology (S.T.D.), magna cum laude, at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland, in 2015.
Fr. Austriaco currently serves as Professor of Biology and of Theology at Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island, and Director of ThomisticEvolution.org. He is also a research fellow at the Center for Religious Studies and Ethics at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines. His NIH-funded laboratory at Providence College is investigating the genetics of programmed cell death using the yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, as model organisms. Papers describing his research have been published in PLoS ONE, FEMS Yeast Research, Microbial Cell, Cell, the Journal of Cell Biology, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, among others. In philosophy and theology, his essays have been published in the National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, Theological Studies, Nova et Vetera, The Thomist, Science and Theology, and the Linacre Quarterly. His first book, Biomedicine and Beatitude: An Introduction to Catholic Bioethics, was published by the Catholic University of America Press in 2011. It was recognized as a 2012 Choice outstanding academic title by the Association of College and Research Libraries. He is here todiscuss the Ethical consideration around Gene Editing.
Benjamin David is a Medical ethics doctor who is a Graduate of Paris V Descartes University. He is a specialist rabbi on medical ethics issues in the field of Obstetrics, Genetics and Fertility Gynecology and has been working for twenty years at the Pouah Institute of Jerusalem, which is an organization that addresses ethical questions in the field and supports couples during fertility treatments. He also teaches medical ethics on other academic institutions such as the Tal Institute in Jerusalem in the Nursing School Department and in the Master's Degree for Teachers in Jewish Studies program at Orot Israel in Rehovot.
He participated in the publication of several articles in academic journals and recitals of articles in the fields of medical ethics and is a member of the Israeli Federation of Fertility Research, a member of the Ethics Commission of the Kfar Shaul Psychiatric Hospital in Jerusalem and the Helsinki Commission on Medical Research of IDF Israel's Army. He will share with is the implications of Genetic testing before marriage.
Msgr. Tomasz Trafny – priest of the Archdiocese of Lublin and Official of the Pontifical Council for Culture (Vatican City State). Born in Darłowo (Poland) in 1970. He completed his studies in philosophy and theology at the Catholic University of Lublin. He continued his post-graduate studies in philosophy at the same university and afterwards at the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome. From 2006 he serves as the Head of Science and Faith Department at the Pontifical Council for Culture (Vatican City State). Between 2006 and 2012, he served also as the Executive Director of STOQ Project (Science, Theology and Ontological Quest) and Director of the STOQ Project Research Series. From 2013 he serves as the Secretary of the Scientific Committee of the Science and Faith – STOQ Foundation, and from 2014 as the General Secretary of its Board of Trustees. From 2014 to 2016 he served as a Member of the Advisory Board of the John Templeton Foundation. He is also Deputy Commissioner General ad omnia of the Holy See for Expo 2019 in Beijing and Expo 2020 in Dubai. His interests include philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, epistemology, philosophical anthropology in the context of contemporary science (biology, regenerative medicine, neurocognitive sciences, etc.), topics related to the wide-ranging dialogue between science and religion and their impact on cultures as well as environmental and climate change issues. With Armand Puig i Tárrech he is co-editor of the volume: God and world. Theology of creation from scientific and ecumenical standpoints, (LEV 2012), and together with Dr. Robin Smith and Dr. Max Gomez he is coauthor of the book: The Healing Cell: How the Greatest Revolution in Medical History is Changing Your Life, (Center Street 2013). He will discuss the Risk and Opportunity we have as technology is giving us the ability to experience Human Enhancement.
KEYNOTE ROUND TABLE PANEL 2 PANEL 3 PANEL 4 PANEL 5 CLOSING REMARKS
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Greece Economic Crisis Update: IMF Promises More Aid While German Chancellor is Tested
The fatal shooting by police of a youth in Greece has sparked days of rebellion against repression and the economic crisis.
I.M.F. Promises More Aid for Greece as European Crisis GrowsBy
LANDON THOMAS Jr. and NICHOLAS KULISH
Hoping to quell its biggest crisis since the Asian woes of 1997, the International Monetary Fund promised on Wednesday to increase the 45 billion-euro aid package for Greece to as much as 120 billion euros over three years.
The fund is racing to conclude an agreement for more painful austerity measures from Greece by Monday, clearing the way for the government to receive funding and reassuring investors worldwide that European debt is safe. On Wednesday, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the I.M.F.'s forceful managing director, pledged the higher aid amount, equivalent to $160 billion, in a further bid to reassure investors. The funds would come both from the I.M.F. and from other countries using the euro.
But as has frequently been the case during Europe's debt crisis, the promise of help was overshadowed by more disturbing news — in this case a cut in the debt rating of Spain by a major agency just a day after debt downgrades for Portugal and Greece.
The growing fear is that the fallout from Greece and even Portugal — which together compose just 5 percent of European economic activity — could be a mere sideshow if Spain, with its much larger economy, has difficulty repaying its debt.
While major stock markets stabilized after Tuesday's sell-off and the cost of insuring the debt of Portugal and Spain declined, the euro slid further on the news of Spain's downgrade by Standard & Poor's. Banking stocks in some of the smaller European economies were among the biggest losers on the day. Major stock indexes in the United States rose slightly, with the Dow Jones industrial average ending up 53 points, at 11,045.27.
In many ways, the current troubles in Europe go to the heart of the fund's new mission to serve as a firewall in the financial crisis — an objective that was bolstered by $750 billion in fresh capital from Group of 20 countries last year.
Unlike its previous efforts in smaller, emerging economies in Asia in 1997, and more recently in Hungary, Romania, Latvia and Iceland, the fund has been hamstrung in its efforts to act quickly and decisively by political concerns within the European Union, which insists on assuming a leading role.
"It is a problem," said Alessandro Leipold, a former acting director of the I.M.F.'s European department. "It should not be that difficult — they did it in Hungary and Latvia. But the egos are different in industrialized countries."
A case can be made that if Greece had sought help from the fund late last year after the forecast for its budget deficit doubled, the amount of support needed to reassure investors would have been much less than the 120 billion euros that even now might not be enough.
In that vein, Mr. Leipold said Portugal and Spain should ignore any stigma associated with an I.M.F. program and make the case to the European Commission in Brussels that asking proactively now for aid would soothe skeptical markets and save Europe billions in the future.
"The market has seen its worst fears come true," he said. "What it needs is a surprise on the upside."
Concerns have already surfaced in Congress that the broad demands of the sovereign debt crisis will quickly exhaust the I.M.F.'s reserves and leave the United States, the fund's largest shareholder, with the bill.
Representative Mark Kirk, a Republican from Illinois, said such a drain could occur if Portugal, Ireland and Spain sought I.M.F. aid at the same time. Mr. Kirk worked at the World Bank during the 1982 debt crisis in Mexico, which came close to depleting the fund's reserves.
"We have seen this movie before," he said. "Spain is five times as big as Greece — that would mean a package of 500 billion."
Mr. Kirk sits on the House Appropriations Committee that oversees I.M.F. funds and said that he had already asked for hearings on the fund's ability to handle a European collapse.
In Athens, the Greek government had no choice but to seek an I.M.F. solution after its costs of borrowing skyrocketed, but that has not made the negotiations for aid any easier.
The fund has sent one its most senior staff members, Poul Thomsen, who has overseen complex fund negotiations in Iceland and Russia, to assist Bob Traa, the official responsible for Greece, to work out a solution.
According to people who have been briefed on the talks, the aim is to secure from Greece a letter of intent for even deeper budget cuts than the tough measures imposed so far, like reductions in civil service pay, in exchange for emergency funds.
Steps being discussed include closing down parts of the little-used Greek railway system, which employs 7,000 people and is estimated to lose a few million euros a day; limiting unions' ability to impose collective bargaining agreements, which lead to ever-higher public sector pay; cutting out the two months of pay that private-sector workers get on top of their annual pay packages; increasing the retirement age and cutting back on pensions; and opening up the country's trucking market in an effort to lower extremely high transportation rates that have hindered the country's competitiveness.
With Greece now shut out of the debt markets, it has little leverage to resist — especially in light of the 8 billion euros it needs to repay bondholders on May 19. Analysts expect a deal by next week at the latest.
But whether a Greek resolution calms investor fears about the ability of Portugal and Spain to repay their own maturing debt remains unclear.
In a recent note to investors, Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, one of the world's largest hedge funds, described the market concern as intensely focused on Spain.
"Spain's cash flows (current-account and budget deficit) are extremely bad," Mr. Dalio and his colleagues wrote in a February letter. "Spain's living standards are reliant on not just the roll of old debt, but also on siApril 28, 2010
Merkel Tested as Escalating Greek Crisis Hurts Euro
By NICHOLAS KULISH
BERLIN — Chancellor Angela Merkel's strategy for dealing with Greece's untenable debt problem was to stall and hope the crisis did not demand action until after a critical state election in early May. On Wednesday, the clock finally ran out.
Mrs. Merkel's hand was forced by mistrustful credit markets and the ratings agency that downgraded Spain, Portugal and Greece in a matter of just two days. As the crisis worsened, political calculations had to take a back seat to the more basic task of ensuring the stability of the euro currency that replaced Germany's beloved mark.
Mrs. Merkel said after meeting with Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, that negotiations with the Greek government had to be accelerated and that Germany would do its part to safeguard the euro.
But she sounded less than happy about it. At a second news conference later the same day, Mrs. Merkel grumbled that Greece's entry into the euro zone was not based on "sustainable factors," making the present crisis particularly difficult to deal with. She went on to say that "we cannot allow the same situation with countries as with Lehman Brothers."
Opinion surveys in Germany have for months shown a sizable majority of the population here opposed to any bailout for Greece, with a constant drumbeat of news media coverage about Greek profligacy helping fuel the discontent.
"If Merkel said, 'Today we give the money to Greece,' this would be the first domino against Europe in Germany," said Wolfgang Nowak, a former senior adviser to Mrs. Merkel's predecessor, Gerhard Schröder, and head of Deutsche Bank's International Forum. "It would invite populists from all sides to attack."
But the costs of not acting have also grown, and the potential risk of the instability's spreading to the rest of Europe have become clearer as well. "Why the fire department has been scratching its head for weeks instead of operating the pumps, I don't understand," said the former German foreign minister, Joschka Fischer, on Wednesday, according to the German news agency DPA.
According to Jürgen Trittin, one of the Green Party's parliamentary leaders who sat in on a meeting with Mr. Strauss-Kahn on Wednesday, the cost of the Greek bailout could reach $160 billion over three years, with Germany's share up to $32 billion. DPA quoted Economics Minister Rainer Brüderle as saying that the overall cost could be even higher, about $180 billion.
Asked about the sum cited by Mr. Brüderle, a minister in her own government, a clearly displeased Mrs. Merkel responded, "I have asked over and over again in the past days that figures not be named, as long as figures are not in conjunction with a completed program."
Throughout the crisis, which broke out earlier this year, Mrs. Merkel has acted with an eye to the crucial local election in North Rhine-Westphalia on May 9.
The North Rhine-Westphalia election has the potential to upset the existing balance of power. At stake is not only the state legislature, but also control for Mrs. Merkel's coalition over the little-watched upper house of Parliament, the Bundesrat, which has to sign off on legislation.
Billions of dollars in assistance for Greece may not play well with voters in a state with its own financial problems. "There's currently a debate on the finances and budgets of local communities," said Andreas Blätte, a political science professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. "There's a sense that money is really scarce.
"In many local communities, fountains are not switched on and flowers are not planted in the public parks because of a lack of money," Mr. Blätte said. "Bridges that need reconstruction work are not renewed."
From the very start of Mrs. Merkel's second term, strategists from all the major parties were concerned about the spring vote in North Rhine-Westphalia. The state has more eligible voters than Greece's entire population and produces nearly a quarter of Germany's economic output.
It would not escape the attention of a master tactician like Mrs. Merkel that it was defeat in North Rhine-Westphalia, with its 18 million residents, that led to the special parliamentary election that cost her predecessor his job and cleared the way for her to take power.
For months Mrs. Merkel played for time, talking tough on Greek debt and the need for Athens to institute strict austerity measures while hoping to stave off a bailout decision that many believe is inevitable until after voters in North Rhine-Westphalia go to the polls.
But some analysts say that the German people's desire for stability, and particularly a stable currency, will ultimately outweigh their distaste at bailing out the Greeks.
Gerd Langguth, professor of political science at the University of Bonn, said the political fallout from joining in the rescue of Greece, including on the election in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, would be less than many had predicted.
"The people in Germany know that if this operation doesn't work, the whole euro would be damaged and this is damage for Germany," he said.gnificant further external lending. For these reasons, we don't want to hold Spanish debt at these spreads."
Matthew Saltmarsh and Sewell Chan contributed reporting.
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Soul & Motown band
Like STRAIGHT EIGHT?
About STRAIGHT EIGHT
PREPARE TO ENJOY YOURSELVES! From Festivals to pub gardens these guys know how to put on a show with the very best of 60's R&B and Soul!
STRAIGHT EIGHT are not just musicians, they are entertainers focussed on having fun! Concentrating on upbeat Soul and Blues with an emphasis on danceable songs that audiences love to hear! This band in the colourful Zoot Suits are not afraid to have a good time but the music always comes first, ensuring that the band are always ready to do what they do best: performing to a full dance floor! Festivals, events and parties are our speciality with the band being equally at home playing at the Grand Hotel Brighton, The Grovesnor House Hotel on Park Lane , open air festivals such as the Retro Festival , Rock Bottom or the Saltburn Howzat Music Festival or even a pub garden! Don't take our word for it, read our reviews on Lemonrock or watch our videos by searching for Straight Eight Showreel or Gigshotz Straight Eight on you tube. PREPARE TO ENJOY YOURSELVES!
1960s era music, 1970s era music
Soul & Motown band, Festival band, Party band, Cover band
Corporate event, Bar / Club / Venue event, Private event, Charity event, Christmas party, New Year's Eve, Birthday party, Hotel / Restaurant event, Concert
5000 YEAR ROCK
DADDY COOL/GIRL CAN'T HELP IT
DOCK OF THE BAY
GIMME SOME LOVING
GRITS AIN'T GROCERIES
I CAN'T HOLD ON
I GOT YOU (I FEEL GOOD)
LADY DOCTOR
LAND OF A THOUSAND DANCES
MESSING WITH THE KID
MISTER PITIFUL
MUSTANG SALLY
NOTHIN' BUT A WOMAN
SHAKE YOUR TAILFEATHER
YOU LEFT THE WATER RUNNING
LIDO SHUFFLE
HARLEM SHUFFLE
WHY DID YOU DO IT
CAN'T TURN YOU LOOSE
BAREFOOTIN'
BREAKIN' DOWN THE WALLS OF HEARTACHE
BROWN SUGAR SOUL SISTER
WHERE IS THE NEXT ONE COMING FROM
IT'S NOT UNUSUAL
SOMEWHERE IN MY HEART
MAC THE KNIFE
JOHNNY'S MAMBO
YOU CAN LEAVE YOUR HAT ON
SYSLJFM (LETTER SONG)
DON'T TAKE MY COCONUTS
TREAT HER RIGHT
NEED YOUR LOVE SO BAD
GIRL I WANNA DANCE WITH YOU
SOMEBODY HELP ME
HOLD ON, I'M COMIN'
TRAVELLIN' SOUTH
SHE CAUGHT THE KATY
GET 'EM UP JOE
WORKIN' FOR A LIVING
MAMA TOLD ME NOT TO COME
HEAR THAT GUITAR RING
LOOKIN' FOR A FOX
THAT'S WHAT I'LL DO
LET'S STAY TOGETHER
YOUR LOVE IS LIFTIN' ME HIGHER
NUTBUSH CITY LIMITS
I WISH IT COULD BE CHRISTMAS EVERY DAY
BE YOUNG, BE FOOLISH, BE HAPPY
STONE COLD SOBER
LITTLE LESS CONVERSATION
LOVESHACK
TELL MAMA
LOVE POTION No.9
ECHO BEACH
LONG TRAIN RUNNING
MERRY CHRISTMAS (S.Stevens)
MOVE ON UP
HOW SWEET IT IS TO BE LOVED BY YOU
I JUST WANT TO MAKE LOVE TO YOU
NIGHT BOAT TO CAIRO
SOUL FINGER
We have been established as a band for over 30 years. We concentrate on performance and entertainment and all songs are committed to memory - i.e. no unsightly music stands on stage. many of the band members are pro or semi-pro musicians and we always deliver a stunning performance whether to a crowd of 500 or a crowd of 5 - they get the FULL show!
Retro Festival in Newbury, Saltburn Howzat Music Festival, Grovesnor House Hotel on Park Lane, Grand Hotel Brighton, Bournemouth Pavillion. Wycombe Swan, Maidenhead Leisure Centre, the Colosseum, Watford, Chinnor Motorcycle Festival, Rock Bottom Festival. Marlow, The Chequered Flag, Wembley, Birmingham Universty, Oxford Universty and many others!
Otis Redding, Blues Brothers, Wilson Pivket - in fact any of the great from Soul and Blues of the 60's and 70's. We have supported Geno Washington and the RamJam band, Nine Below Zero and Wilko Johnson.
Awards Ceremonies at the Grovesnor House Hotel on Park Lane. Some of the most enjoyable have been the festivals (Retro, Rock Bottom, Chinnor Motorcycle and Saltburn Howzat - these and the Rebellion Brewery Charity weekends)
Will the singer be the same as who I see in the videos?
We have two male lead singers and a female backing singer. We reserve the right to use whoever is available. The band operates as a minimum 6 piece (Singer, Guitar, Bass, Drums, 2 x horns) but can be over 10 depending on availability of members - the price will be the same whatever the line-up. Our usual configuration is as a 9 piece ( + sound engineer
Minimum is 6 members up to 10+ depending on availability + sound engineer - price will not alter
We will always try to accommodate your changes in plan as we understand this can sometimes happen. The more notice we have of changes, the better.
We have a DJ that often works with but is separate to the band. If you already have a DJ in mind, we are happy to accept a feed to our PA system - this is a free service but additional cost may be incurred if the PA is required after the end of the band performance. We can provide background music through an IPod between sets if needed.
We usually need 90 minutes to set up and soundcheck. We prefer to get into a venue early if possible.
We carefully prepare our set lists so that they flow well for the evening and performance, however if you have a particular request ahead of the event we will do our best to accommodate it.
Is all of the equipment (e.g. PA & lighting) included in your quote?
We have a 2500W main rig and some lighting for the use of the band which is included in the price. Minimum stage size is 3m x 6m - bu the more room you can give us the more of a show we can put on! We require at least 6 x 13Amp sockets within easy reach of the stage (i.e. avoiding hazardous trailing leads)
If a song isn't included in our song list there may still be a chance we already know it. We are happy to discuss options with you.
Christine R, 2 years ago
Rating 6/6 : Brilliant Straight Eight - What a band!!!!!! [Retrofest, Newbury] on Sunday 12 August 2018 The sound, the energy, the colour & the talent were incredible. The songs played during the set were brilliant & everyone was singing & dancing to every song. The vocals were so soulful, the brass section had a blast & the whole band were ready to party! Such fun! Ended up dripping wet I danced so much. Monday 20 August 2018
Jill H, 2 years ago
Rating 6/6 : Brilliant This band rocked the crowd [Retrofest, Newbury] on Sunday 12 August 2018 Wow, what a brilliant gig at Retro Festival! They got everyone moving from start to finish with epic versions of some great songs. They really looked like they were were enjoying themselves on stage too and their enthusiasm was contagious. If you're looking to go and see a feelgood, uplifting band, check them out. Top entertainment, highly recommended.
Soul & Motown bands in the UK
Party bands in the UK
Cover bands in the UK
Soul & Motown bands in Luton
Soul & Motown bands in St Albans
Soul & Motown bands in Milton Keynes
Soul & Motown bands in Hertfordshire
Soul & Motown bands in Maidenhead


<< Back to: Latest News | School Spotlights
Saturday, October 13, 2018School Spotlights
International Teaching Positions in India
Founded in 1961, DSB International School (DSB) is proud to have been the first international school in Mumbai. This kindergarten through Year 13 day school originally catered to the German community, but since 2000, the school has been serving local and international students from 40 countries. DSB comprises two campuses: Garden Campus, for kindergarten to Year 4; and Aurum House, for Years 5 to 13. Both campuses offer modern spaces and state-of-the-art equipment, specially designed to facilitate cross-curricular and collaborative as well as independent learning. DSB's International Baccalaureate (IB) students enjoy the privilege of a brand-new purpose-built IB Center, with individual workspaces for independent study and breakout teaching spaces for small group work. The school also takes pride in its fully-fitted Design & Technology Studio, rooftop sports facilities, well-resourced art studio, and state-of-the-art science laboratories designed and made in Germany. DSB also benefits from being immersed in the rich and diverse cultural environment of the booming city of Mumbai.
DSB enrolls 201 students, 36% from India and 24% from North America and the U.K. Accredited by Council of British International Schools, the school delivers the British national curriculum through inquiry-based learning, culminating with the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. Students in Years 12 and 13 have the option of enrolling in the IB Diploma Programme. Half of the teaching staff of 45 is from India with the other half from the U.K. and North America.
Each term, in addition to service activities, DSB offers creative, cultural, sporting, and adventure after-school activities. Students participate in inter-scholastic competitions in swimming, netball, and football. In secondary school, trekking and long-distance running are quite popular. Other offerings to get active include the fitness and running club, martial arts, jazz dance, swimming club, rappelling, and camping. Students are also encouraged to make music a key part of their lives by participating in the choir, forming their own bands, and/or organizing music for school events. Additionally, students can study guitar and join music clubs, while artists are supported in developing exhibitions of their work. DSB sends delegates to local Model UN conferences as well as the Council of British International Schools Model UN and the Harvard Model Conference Europe. Community service opportunities include Welfare for Stray Dogs (WSD), reading sessions with primary school students, and working with a variety of charities.
DSB prefers to hire single teachers and teaching interns, but they will consider teaching couples, including those who are not married. The school will also consider exceptional, newly-certified teachers, those certified in non-English speaking countries, and outstanding experienced teachers who lack certification. All candidates must hold an academic degree in the subject they will be teaching. India issues work visas up to the age of 58.
The DSB benefits package allows for savings, even for interns! The school provides housing costs, a one-time moving allowance, and round-trip airfare every year. Tuition for up to two children and local health insurance––including long-term disability and life insurance– –is fully covered. Each year, DSB designates seven days of professional development for staff. The school also contributes 12% to a retirement plan.
To gain access to DSB International School's full profile on the Search Associates database, including a list of all open positions, candidates can apply for membership by clicking here. Candidates already registered can easily access the school profile directly through their dashboards.
Please note: The information presented about this school was valid on the date published. This information may change, and the most up-to-date information can be found on the school profile.
Since 1990, Search Associates has assisted over 40,000 educators to find jobs in international schools around the world.


Hunter Mahan
Today in Sports History-Tom Brady records 500 TD passes
Oct. 4 1895 — Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open. Rawlins beats Willie Dunn with 36-hole total of 173 at the Newport Golf Club in Newport, R.I. ...
Today in Sports History-Week Ahead, Sept. 30-Oct. 6
By The Associated Press Sep. 29, 2022 10:00 AM EDT
Sportlight-Simone Biles withdraws from the team final.
July 27 1920 — Resolute defeats Shamrock IV of Britain to defend the America's Cup title for the United States. 1937 — The United States...
Oct. 4 1895 — Horace Rawlins wins the first U.S. Open. Rawlins beats Willie Dunn with 36-hole total of 173 at the Newport Golf Club in...
Oct. 1 1903 — The Pittsburgh Pirates beat the Boston Pilgrims 7-3 in the first World Series game. Jimmy Sebring hits the first Series homer...
July 27 1920 — Resolute defeats Shamrock IV of Britain to defend the America's Cup title for the United States. 1937 —...


Newsroom | 07 August 2014
Annual Cigna Forum Brings Denver-Area Business Leaders Together to Explore Health Improvement and Children's Mental Health
Michelle Vroom, 267-664-0787
Michelle.vroom@cigna.com
www.twitter.com/cigna
Cigna's behavioral health expert Dr. Stuart Lustig shared insights into the rise of mental health issues among Colorado's children and teens
Susan Birch, executive director of the Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing, encouraged employers and brokers to find ways to improve the health of individuals in their communities
Local companies CoBiz Financial, AlloSource and Associates in Family Medicine honored for commitment to employee health and wellness
DENVER, August 07, 2014 - At a recent conference hosted by Cigna (NYSE: CI), nearly 150 Denver-area employers and brokers met to address two key issues impacting the health of Colorado's population: health improvement in the workplace and the mental health of Colorado's children and teens.
"Cigna is committed to driving health improvement and lowering costs by offering our employer clients a variety of benefit options, including consumer-driven health plans, incentivized wellness strategies and networks that reward quality and effectiveness," Kim Bimestefer, president and general manager for Cigna in Colorado, stated to the attendees. "We work closely with each employer client to understand their unique needs and provide customized solutions to meet those needs."
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 52,000 children in Colorado live with serious mental health issues. In fact, according to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, suicide is the second-leading cause of death for youth (ages 10-24) in the state.
During the forum, Stuart Lustig, M.D., Cigna's lead medical director for child and adolescent behavioral health, talked about the rise in mental health issues among Colorado's children and teens. He also shared key findings from the Cigna Foundation - NAMI Forum, held in Washington D.C. in June, including the need to expand access to mental health services throughout the community. For example, offering mental health programs in schools gives kids the opportunity to receive care in a familiar environment and can aid in early detection and treatment. To view a full replay of the forum, please visit www.NAMI.org/childrensmhforum.
Susan Birch, executive director of the Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing, encouraged attendees to consider how they can help improve the health of their communities. Keynote speaker Dr. Terry Wahls, clinical professor of medicine at the University of Iowa, talked about the science behind health improvement and discussed how diet and lifestyle contribute to chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and multiple sclerosis.
Attendees also learned ways to manage health care costs, such as identifying physicians that provide quality, cost-effective care and creating benefit designs that encourage employees to seek care at places that offer the best value. Other topics covered at the forum included an overview of private exchanges and how they can impact employers and an introduction to Cigna's private retail exchange in Colorado.
Patricia Maley, first vice president and director of human resources for CoBiz Financial, talked about the company's work with Cigna to implement a health and wellness strategy. Notable achievements included increasing the number of employees that completed annual physicals to 95 percent and having more than half of the staff (57 percent) complete health risk assessments.
"The key to our success is the support and endorsement of our executive team," said Maley. "Our leaders are directly involved in our wellness program, which helps drive employee engagement in health and wellness activities."
CoBiz Financial was one of three companies to receive the annual Cigna Well-Being Award for their commitment to creating a culture of health through their wellness program. AlloSource and Associates in Family Medicine were also selected as winners. Six companies were among the finalists, including City of Westminster, Oakwood Homes, Sorin Group, Sterling-Rice Group, Sunrise Medical and Weld County Government.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. employers lose more than $225 billion each year in productivity due to employee health problems. Cigna created the Well-Being Award to recognize employer clients that have a positive impact on the health and well-being of their workforce.
Cigna Corporation (NYSE: CI) is a global health service company dedicated to helping people improve their health, well-being and sense of security. All products and services are provided exclusively by or through operating subsidiaries of Cigna Corporation, including Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company, Life Insurance Company of North America and Cigna Life Insurance Company of New York. Such products and services include an integrated suite of health services, such as medical, dental, behavioral health, pharmacy, vision, supplemental benefits, and other related products including group life, accident and disability insurance. Cigna maintains sales capability in 30 countries and jurisdictions, and has more than 80 million customer relationships throughout the world. To learn more about Cigna®, including links to follow us on Facebook or Twitter, visit www.cigna.com.


You are here: Home / Politics / Long live Jean Charest, says Amir Khadir
Long live Jean Charest, says Amir Khadir
06/13/2012 by backofthebook.ca Leave a Comment
A BoB short:
Amir Khadir says he has no desire to see Jean Charest dead. "Mr. Charest is quite alive and I wish he stays that way for a long time," the Quebec MNA told reporters on Tuesday.
The remarks came after artwork depicting a partially nude, fully deceased Jean Charest, lying at the feet of a musket-wielding Khadir, was discovered during a raid on the controversial politician's home. Police were there to arrest his teenage daughter for her alleged acts of vandalism during recent student protests.
A parody of a 19th-century painting by French artist Eugene Delacroix, "Liberty Guiding the People," which depicts a scene from the French Revolution, the poster was taken from the cover of a 2010 album by a student rock group, Mise En Demure. It also shows the band's front man, "Bananarchist," waving the black flag of anarchy while police officers crouch at his knees.
"Go see it on the Internet. It will make you smile, too," Khadir's wife, Nima Machouf, told reporters after a bail hearing for their daughter. Charest's cabinet ministers, however, aren't smiling. Culture Minister Christine St-Pierre called the painting disgusting and Health Minister Yves Bolduc said it could send dangerous subliminal messages.
Mise En Demure hasn't been shy about satirizing other right-wing politicians as well. The music video for their dance song "I Hate You Son — Margaret Harper," below, features the Conservative prime minister's head pasted to the gyrating body of a Chippendales-style male stripper.
– Emily Olesen
Filed Under: Politics Tagged With: Amir Khadir, Jean Charest, music, Quebec, Quebec protests, Quebec student strike


Majid Al Futtaim launches new accelerator to support regional SMEs
News • 08 June, 2022
UAE-based retail group Majid Al Futtaim and AstroLabs have launched Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad, an accelerator programme that aims to support startups and SMEs in the UAE and the Mena region.
Launchpad will provide programme participants with access to business growth incentives and mentorship to strengthen the commercial viability of startups and SMEs across the region.
Founded in 1992, Majid Al Futtaim is a shopping mall, communities, retail and leisure builder in the Middle East, Africa and Asia regions, while AstroLabs is a technology ecosystem builder in Mena that enables growth of companies through market entry and expansion services.
Majid Al Futtaim, the leading shopping mall, communities, retail and leisure pioneer across the Middle East, Africa and Asia has announced Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad, an accelerator programme aimed to attract startups and SMEs in strategic sectors to turbo-charge growth plans and support economic development. Accentuating Majid Al Futtaim's role as a collaborative partner in supporting entrepreneurs and startup businesses in the UAE and MENA region, the Launchpad reaffirms the Company's role in the private sector in supporting the growth of local economies.
In partnership with AstroLabs, a technology ecosystem builder in the MENA region, Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad focuses on delivering diverse benefits to programme participants. These include unrivalled access to business growth incentives, mentorship programmes, and a vast innovation ecosystem to strengthen the commercial viability of startups and SMEs across the region.
The Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad focuses efforts on supporting core growth areas, including Homegrown Brands to attract startups with a unique and fascinating story, focusing on culture and heritage, sustainability, and innovation; Health and Beauty to identify and elevate startups with innovative products and tech solutions designed to elevate the customer experience; and Proptech to target startups that offer innovative and sustainable solutions to help optimise the efficiency of construction, digitise property development, residential communities and hotels spaces, and enhance the experiences in the shopping mall.
Joe Abi Akl, Chief Corporate Development Officer at Majid Al Futtaim - Holding, said: "Our new Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad programme aims to facilitate state-of-the-art solutions and services while inspiring, nurturing and growing the startup and SME ecosystem that exists today. The new programme brings a host of significant benefits for consumers, employees, business owners, investors and governments across the region, acutely representing our role in supporting and building an open, efficient, effective, and globally integrated business environment. As a partner of choice for pioneering initiatives and investments in the region, our long-term ambition is to foster entrepreneurship and knowledge sharing to accelerate economic growth throughout the region."
Roland Daher, CEO, at AstroLabs said "Established organisations like Majid Al Futtaim can leverage market access, and recognize the need to integrate startups into their value chain to stay ahead of disruption. At the other end of the spectrum, SMEs and startups have a solid grip on digitalisation, but find it difficult to infiltrate and grow in their industry. These are two worlds that have cultural and technological differences and organic access between them is still difficult. We have been at the heart of MENA's technology ecosystem since 2013, connecting these stakeholders to improve the odds of success of such partnerships, maximize the outcomes, and provide a gateway to tangible growth opportunities on both fronts.''
Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad will foster and grow the SME and startup ecosystem, providing knowledge, inspiration, and the critical support companies need to grow their business quickly and conveniently while attracting, developing, and supporting world-class talent. The Launchpad will provide fast, convenient, state-of-the-art solutions and services to customers while offering a gateway to tangible growth opportunities, such as accelerating customer acquisition, improving operational efficiencies, and providing best-in-class mentoring to startups and SMEs from the region.
Astrolabs
Majid Al Futtaim Launchpad


The Hunger Games themed food event in S'pore
SINGAPORE - How often does one get to geek out over your favourite movie or movie character?
Not frequently enough.
Which is why Miss Gillian Ang hopes the upcoming food event Panem Forever will be a fantastic opportunity for The Hunger Games fans to get together and spend the night talking about all things related to the popular young adult film franchise.
Miss Ang, 29, along with Mr Nicholas Yong, are founders of Geek Crusade, a local pop culture website.
Panem Forever marks the second themed dinner organised by Geek Crusade.
The duo held a Game Of Thrones (GOT) dinner called Welcome To King's Landing in April, which saw 80 diners feasting on a five-course dinner featuring dishes that were either described in or inspired by George R. R. Martin's books, like braised boar belly with apple sauce and pear poached in wine.
According to Miss Ang, the warm reception of the GOT event led to the idea for The Hunger Games-themed meal.
It helps that she's also passionate about the books and film adaptations, which star Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson.
Panem Forever will be held on Nov 26 at Bridge Cafe for a party of 50, a week after the release of the highly anticipated third instalment, The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1.
"I'm such a big fan, so I knew immediately what should be on the menu," said Miss Ang, who shared how she made a detour to The Hunger Games filming locations when she went to the US for a holiday last year.
Food, she said, plays a big part in the story, especially when the female protagonist Katniss (Lawrence) first goes to Panem, the Capitol of the 12 districts set in a dystopian North America.
Katniss, who hails from District 12 where food is scarce, is immediately taken by a Capitol lamb stew with prunes, calling it her favourite dish ever. So obviously that had to be served at Panem Forever, said Miss Ang.
The three-course degustation menu, specially prepared by chef Daniel Drobnik, includes creamy pumpkin brew, a soup that Katniss loves; a choice of the lamb stew or chicken in creamy orange sauce; and a frothy pink soup made of red dragon fruit froth and raspberry drops, which was inspired by President Snow's party.
It took Miss Ang, Mr Yong and Mr Drobnik three months to conceptualise the menu.
"It was fortunate that Chef Daniel was excited to replicate the food," said Miss Ang, adding that he found it a culinary challenge to "match the dish to its description in the books".
Bridge Cafe will be decorated to look like what it is in the movies, with Miss Ang's mother acting as the "props master".
"My mum's making the bows and arrows, and some other things."
While Mrs Ang, who's in her 50s, may not be a fan of The Hunger Games like her daughter, she "loves all things crafty" and was instrumental in helping the team make the flags and banners and other decorations for the GOT dinner.
Miss Ang hopes that Panem Forever will be as successful as Welcome To King's Landing, so that Geek Crusade can organise more similar events. "It's basically a gathering of fans, where strangers become friends over a meal talking about their favourite topic."
This article was first published on Nov 19, 2014.
Get The New Paper for more stories.


Home Forums > Science > Biology & Genetics >
Chemical evolution:
Discussion in 'Biology & Genetics' started by paddoboy, Aug 7, 2020.
Traverse Registered Member
Behe & Dembski are both frauds, and are lucky not to have had their degrees stripped from them for having brought disrepute to their schools.
Traverse, Jan 22, 2021
Write4U Valued Senior Member
Q-reeus said: ↑
Libelous rant now not merely potentially so - #877. Foolish it is to condemn without giving the accused a fair hearing.
Behe had a fair hearing in the Kitzmiller trial and lost the case, because he failed to present a compelling case for ID as science.
Write4U, Jan 22, 2021
Traverse likes this.
Traverse said: ↑
But I'm now very curious about your favourite subject, and would be grateful to hear it here.
Let me refer you to the Pseudoscience subforum OP title ;
"Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules"?
please go there for a pretty comprehensive library with reference links . It started in reference to consciousness, but proved to be infinitely more important to the existence and homeostasis of living organisms.
Q-reeus Banned Valued Senior Member
Write4U said: ↑
And you know for a fact the judge making that finding was free of any ideological/political bias?
We've gone over that before. You think one judge's verdict is somehow a final one. A link to Behe's 'A Mousetrap for Darwin' has been posted twice already.
You can lead a horse to water but....
The relevant section dealing with and tearing apart item-by-item the contrived logic used to make a negative ruling is 108. WHETHER INTELLIGENT DESIGN IS SCIENCE, beginning p482.
I'm tempted to reproduce a fair chunk of it here but that is probably prohibited by copyright. Either you are prepared to check for yourself what the other side has to say on the matter, or you prefer to remain ignorant of it.
Q-reeus, Jan 22, 2021
WHETHER INTELLIGENT DESIGN IS SCIENCE
OK, I'll use one of James' arguments.
Present a theory of Intelligent Design. If you cannot present a theory then all you have is a hypothesis and in this case the hypothesis has not a shred of evidence that would lead to the probability of "Life via Intelligent Design", and moreover, as implemented by an Intelligent Designer, a hypothesis which itself has no supporting theory or shred of evidence.
How far back do you want to go with unsupported hypotheticals for which there exist no supporting evidence.
"Irreducible Complexity", the sole argument used by Behe was debunked by a cadre of scientific witnesses in that court room. It was on that basis the judge made his decision to find against Behe et al. No prejudice involved.
Asserts you. The judge may have tried his best to be impartial, but Behe convincingly demonstrates each point made was logically flawed. But since those points were made in conclusion, there was no way then to have them then challenged. Now they are, in easily readable form. Don't presume to know in advance that Behe is wrong. PS I have slightly edited last post - beginning (Kindle version default PC settings at least) page number changed from 485 to 482.
Behe convincingly demonstrates each point made was logically flawed. But since those points were made in conclusion, there was no way then to have them then challenged.
See, now you have to resort to casting doubt on the impartiality of the judge as well as the competence of the scientists, the "expert witnesses".
In any case, the above is not a logical argument. What you are trying to say is that the opposing scientists convincingly demonstrated each point made by Behe was logically flawed..... etc, etc.
The scientific evidence was overwhelming in the favor of the scientists. That was no surprise, it was their area of expertise .
Of Mousetraps and Men: Behe on Biochemistry
In Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, biochemist Michael Behe claims that biochemical systems exhibit a special kind of complexity - irreducible complexity - that cannot possibly have evolved and must have resulted from intelligent design. Like other intelligent-design creationists, Behe is vague about both the identity and methods of his intelligent designer, though he does distinguish between the hypothesis of natural design (by space aliens, perhaps) and that of supernatural design (1996, 248-9).
As Behe is aware, postulating intelligent design by space aliens only postpones a confrontation with the problem of the origins of complexity. After all, who designed the designers? Thus the unwary reader is pointed in the direction of a supernatural, undesigned designer. But if you were puzzled by biochemical complexity in the first place, this latter hypothesis, involving as it does an unknown supernatural being that employs unknown materials and methods, can hardly result in a net reduction of mystification.
Luckily we do not have to settle this matter. It turns out that Behe's intelligent design hypothesis is the result of his failure to consider relevant natural processes when trying to account for the origins of biochemical complexity.
This problem arises in turn because Behe thinks about biochemical complexity with the aid of a misleading mechanical analogy - the well-designed mousetrap. The mechanical mousetrap is to Michael Behe what the mechanical watch was to William Paley. And it goes without saying that machines have designers.
https://ncse.ngo/mousetraps-and-men-behe-biochemistry
Well duhhhhhh.....
In nature there is NO irreducible complexity. In the end all matter (including chemicals) consists of three families of fundamental electromagnetic quanta which self-assemble and eventually become expressed as atoms in the Table of Elements.
Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics,[1]:xi but not general relativity's description of gravity. QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles.
QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta) of their underlying quantum fields, which are more fundamental than the particles. Interactions between particles are described by interaction terms in the Lagrangian involving their corresponding quantum fields. Each interaction can be visually represented by Feynman diagrams according to perturbation theory in quantum mechanics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_field_theory
Not the competence of the opposing specialists but their outlook being impaired by ideological commitment ('there cannot be any other way').
???? No I was arguing the exact opposite!
See above. Or better yet, get a hold of a copy of A Mousetrap for Darwin, and learn how the game is actually played.
The author's argument that mousetrap designs have themselves 'evolved' via 'cultural evolution' is clever but specious. The real problem is how to get any given design of a functioning mousetrap via random processes in the first place. Something Behe neatly explains here: https://idthefuture.com/1391/
Their further argument that redundant complexity explains away the need for ID fails because it starts from a base of an already complex entity, not from scratch.
That concept has no power to explain the origin of say an integral functional semi-permeable cell membrane that can divide and regrow via complex instructions and material transport directed from the internal cell machinery. Among many other examples.
Then you were wrong. Behe's "irreducible complexity of the flagella" was debunked and it was demonstrated that the flagella evolved from prior functional mechanisms and gradually gained in complexity from a basic secretory gland and the motor mechanism from a self-assembled microtubule system consisting of just two chemical tubulins, a dimer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_flagella
I can't go any further in this thread, lest I incur the wrath of mods and accrue penalty points. Incredible but true!
Thanks, I just found it. MTs are certainly interesting features of cells.
Behe's colleagues at Lehigh are deeply ashamed of him, but he has tenure so they're stuck with him (he'd certainly never get hired anywhere else). Had the University known about his nuttiness during his tenure-tracking, they would certainly never have given him tenure, so he duped them.
Dembski (mathematician) ended up leaving the ID/creationism field.
Write4U likes this.
I'm sorry that the thread has no defined order . It's just that the more I learned about this ridiculously simple organelle and its two even simpler relatives, the more its astounding versatility and utility becomes apparent. They seem to be present in EVERYTHING, even the bacteria in our human microbiome.
I like biological things that are simple, functional, & ubiquitous, so it sounds like MTs could qualify to be of significance to the CE story.
The origin of the genetic code is still a massive problem (presumably occurring a ways 'downstream' of the nexus between non-living matter and Life), for which some kind of intimate interaction between early genetic oligomers and amino acids / oligopeptides would almost certainly have to be entertained/invoked. I think that there's still a $10M prize up for grabs for whoever can figure out the origin of the genetic code.
Nowhere in that article is a plausible step-by-step transformation process, driven by Darwinian selective advantage at every step, offered. Instead impressive technical terms are put together in a way to hide the fact all that is offered is hand-wavy arguments on the basis of optimistic assumptions. In one paragraph it's first asserted bacterium flagella evolved from a type III secretory system, only to sneak in at the end that idea has been overturned given flagella came before that secretory system. So they postulate a more primitive secretory system was the progenitor of flagella. Which again fails to address the step-by-step Darwinian 'advantage' problem. Devil in the details as ever.
The origin of the genetic code is still a massive problem (presumably occurring a ways 'downstream' of the nexus between non-living matter and Life)
Yes, I'm sure the process of adding polymer codes would take millions of years and untold natural trials.
But what encourages me in speculation is the fact that DNA only consists of relatively very few parts (in enormous numbers), which should facilitate the gradual addition of polymers to the complete structure.
The fact that we were able to decode the structure itself speaks for a relatively simple pattern.
DNA- Structure, Properties, Types and Functions
August 28, 2018 by Sagar Aryal
Biology Educational Videos
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce.
These instructions are found inside every cell and are passed down from parents to their children.
It is a nucleic acid and is one of the four major types of macromolecules that are known to be essential for all forms of life.
DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria in the eukaryotes.
Figure: Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model for DNA. (a) The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the double helix and purines and pyrimidines form the "rungs" of the DNA helix ladder. (b) The two DNA strands are antiparallel to each other. (c) The direction of each strand is identified by numbering the carbons (1 through 5) in each sugar molecule. The 5ʹ end is the one where carbon #5 is not bound to another nucleotide; the 3ʹ end is the one where carbon #3 is not bound to another nucleotide. Source: Lumen Learning.
https://microbenotes.com/dna-structure-properties-types-and-functions/
It seems that all reductionist examinations always end up with very simple fundamental structures and patterns which lend themselves to evolutionary chronologies into forming more complex patterns.
Mind, I am no expert, so forgive any naivete in trying to understand the rudiments......
An odious political/ideological correctness punishing anyone in academia deviating from the Official Position is no argument for or against the correctness or otherwise of dissidents. Our 'freedom loving' West is increasingly morphing into a USSR style system of rigid ideological conformity.
Yes, all functional systems had progenitor parents, that is the definition of evolution from simple to complex patterns.
Type III secretory system
Type three secretion system (often written Type III secretion system and abbreviated TTSS or T3SS, also called Injectisome) is a protein appendage found in several Gram-negative bacteria.
In pathogenic bacteria, the needle-like structure is used as a sensory probe to detect the presence of eukaryotic organisms and secrete proteins that help the bacteria infect them. The secreted effector proteins are secreted directly from the bacterial cell into the eukaryotic (host) cell, where they exert a number of effects that help the pathogen to survive and to escape an immune response.
A transmission electron-microscope image of isolated T3SS needle complexes from Salmonella typhimurium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_three_secretion_system
Compared to this;
Composite electron micrograph of the flagellum basal body and hook, produced by rotational averaging (Francis et al., 1994). The motor proteins and export apparatus
http://www.talkdesign.org/faqs/flagellum.html
Well that statement was not addressing you but Traverse, who seems a learned fellow.
Well I for one appreciate your positive enthusiasm in this thread.
My particular focus is right back at the nexus between non-living matter on the prebiotic early Earth, and the first recognisable stages of incipient abiogenesis.


Television has changed remarkably over the past few years. It might be time for your viewing habits to change as well. Unless you enjoy paying more than $100 a month for a cable or satellite subscription you only half use, you're probably considering joining the growing ranks of consumers who have "cut the cord" and are now getting their favorite TV shows, movies and even live sports through the internet and streaming services. Making this change requires some preparation, though. Here's a step-by-step guide to the cord-cutting process. And once you're set up, hop on over to The New York Times's site Watching for personalized TV and movie recommendations.
There's an episode of "The Glenn Campbell Goodtime Hour", featuring a performance by Stevie Wonder that you can find around 5 min. and 50 seconds in. Just about every episode of "Soul!" has great performances by talents like Al Green and conversations with James Baldwin. His thoughts about race relations are as relevant today as they were back in the '60s.
For example, if your TV isn't working, you can designate whether it's grainy, frozen, tiled, blue, or black. After a few more questions about your service, you'll get a specific solution and clear way forward (even if that means scheduling professional help). It's a small convenience, but we love the option to handle simple fixes ourselves, instead of having to parse through outdated forums or spend our lunch break on hold with a technician.
One of the advantages of unplugging from the physical cable sticking out of a socket in your home is that you're free to enjoy the entertainment you're paying for on any screen you happen to have handy, be it a laptop, tablet or mobile phone. Many streaming services, like Netflix and Hulu, keep track of what you're watching and will let you pause a show or movie on one device, then pick it up later on another device.
It wasn't until 2015, when Ergen introduced Sling TV, that the floodgates truly opened. Sling TV is a so-called "skinny bundle," giving online subscribers the option to buy just a few channels and pay a much lower monthly fee—in this case, about a fourth of the average cable bill. Since its arrival, at least six more online TV services have entered the market.
Some broadcasters have elected to embrace the concept of cord-cutting by establishing subscription-based over-the-top content offerings of their own, such as HBO Now.[22][23] Alongside the 2014 launch of CBS All Access, Les Moonves stated that there was a "very strong possibility" Showtime would also offer an OTT service—a plan which would be realized in June 2015.[24][25][26] On March 31, 2016, Canadian sports channel Sportsnet (owned by media and telecom conglomerate Rogers Communications) announced an OTT service offering its four regional feeds and two main national channels.[27]
Then find service provider for Internet only, make sure you get high quality/speeds, download and upload. You can install Speedtest.net in you PC to check the speed so you know you are getting what you are paying for. Spectrum charges $45/month, but I found out they do not include Wi-Fi which you need for your TV, that will cost an extra $5/month. I kept Frontier, my provider (it was Verizon before they sold) so it was easy to cancel phone & TV, no need to change equipment, just returned the TV boxes.
Some people make the assumption that cable or satellite TV limits you to watching live programming from your television set at home. However, most of the nation's largest TV providers offer SO much more than that. Seriously, the perks are endless. Let's say you're Drew. Drew watches all sorts of different networks: sports, reality TV, sitcoms, HBO, you name it. He also hates dealing with commercials. Every Friday Drew has a movie night with friends and family, so he wants lots of on demand options. He travels often and likes to watch TV on his tablet in the hotel room while he's away. Sometimes he misses his favorite premieres while he's on the road. So what can a TV package do for Drew?
Like PlayStation Vue, AT&T's DirecTV Now has several tiers, starting with $35 a month, going to $50 for 80+ channels, $60 for 100+, and $70 for 120+. That does include Viacom stations and all the networks except CBS; the priciest plan offers up multiple Starz-related channels; HBO and Cinemax are here but for $5 per month extra each; Showtime is $8 per month extra.
This evolved into today's many cable-only broadcasts of diverse programming, including cable-only produced television movies and miniseries. Cable specialty channels, starting with channels oriented to show movies and large sporting or performance events, diversified further, and "narrowcasting" became common. By the late 1980s, cable-only signals outnumbered broadcast signals on cable systems, some of which by this time had expanded beyond 35 channels. By the mid-1980s in Canada, cable operators were allowed by the regulators to enter into distribution contracts with cable networks on their own.
For the technically competent, I'd recommend setting up a Home Theater PC. A $70 AMD A6-5400K should handle all of your HTPC needs. If you'd like to game as well, consider a more expensive A8 or A10. Of course, you need to couple this with a case, PSU, motherboard, RAM, HDD, wireless 802.11n adapter, wireless keyboard/mouse, and OS. Most people who go this route aren't starting from scratch, but if you are, it's a significantly more expensive option than a set top box.
Sony PS4 (starting at $299.99) / Microsoft XBox ($299 to $499): One of the biggest unexpected players in this space has been the major video game console companies. The Sony PS4 and Xbox One X are state-of-the-art in terms of their streaming capabilities, and they're even creating their own services that attempt to serve the same functions as traditional cable TV. (More on that later.) The Xbox One S, Microsoft's previous model, was still for sale as of August 2018, at $200 less than the One X. Click here to compare the two on the Xbox website.
More channels and movies, plus plenty of extras and premium options. That's how we roll at Midco®, so you can command your own personal cable TV entertainment experience. You'll enjoy hundreds of channels, and smooth mobile streaming with TV Everywhere and mobile ON Demand. There's a Midco cable package for everyone – and you can combine cable TV with Midco Internet and home phone to save even more.
The Internet is your friend. As long as you have an internet connection, you can still watch some television. Many of the TV networks post videos of their shows on their websites which are available to watch for free. There are a number of other websites which provide hundreds of television series links, and allow you to browse the shows and watch all from their website. Some of the sites provide the service for free, while others charge a few bucks a month to users but either way, you're going to save a lot of money compared to your existing cable bill.
I am really excited that I found this site. I am beginning our quest to cut the cord. First, I plan to make the indoor DIY antenna that was demonstrated in the video. Next, I will be calling Verizon to strong-arm them into a serious reduction. We currently pay close to $180 a month for Fios service (cable TV, phone and internet) we do not use DVR service and only have 2 TVs (one with an HD box and one with a standard box. I wish to keep only the phone and internet service. We have an Amazon Fire Stick and are looking to get the most out of it. Wish me luck… momma needs a new pair of shoes!!!
Since it's your hard-earned currency on the line, this question is important. You shouldn't go subscribing to just about any of the cable TV providers in your area. Because believe it or not, that's how some of the biggest scams take place. With clever 'service' people taking advantage of their customers. And charging great sums for the most basic of TV packages. On this site, we only deal with the most credible cable TV, internet and home phone vendors in America. And so if you make your subscriptions through us, you can remain assured of fully secure service. One which delivers on quality, reliability, and high levels of value at all times. And every time! But if you're a little skeptical, why don't you pick up the phone and call? The time to have some 'TV fun' is now!
Streaming: If you have a smart TV, media streamer box or stick (Roku, Amazon Fire TV, Google Chromecast, Apple TV, etc.), or smart Blu-ray Disc player, and subscribe to an internet service, you can access TV program and movie content without an antenna or cable/satellite service. Popular streaming services include Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, Crackle, Vudu, and YouTube.


Congratulations to WSSDA President Joanne Greer!
On November 19th, 2017, at the conclusion of this year's Washington State School Directors Association (WSSDA) annual conference in Bellevue, Joanne Greer transitioned to the role of "Immediate Past-President" of WSSDA. After a serving the School Directors Association for many years on various committees and in multiple roles on the WSSDA Board, Joanne completed a one-year term as WSSDA's acting president. Under Joanne's leadership, the Washington State School Directors Association continued to play a critical role in shaping education policy in our state. The State Legislature met in 2017 to consider what proved to be some of the most significant changes to public education in decades. Prior to and throughout the legislative session, Joanne was frequently at the table with key decision makers in Olympia, representing the voice of school directors throughout our state and advocating for the 1.1 million kids served in Washington's public schools.
Joanne presently serves as Vice President of Deer Park's Board of Directors and has served on the Deer Park School Board for 20 years. While serving on the Deer Park School Board for last two decades, Joanne has frequently been a presence on WSSDA's legislative committee (10 years!) and has also traveled to Washington DC to advocate for our public schools at the federal level.
We couldn't be more proud; Joanne's service and capable leadership are of great benefit to our district, our region, and to schools throughout our State. Her steady voice and strong advocacy help assure the present and future quality of our public schools. Way to go, Joanne – your service is greatly appreciated!
The Washington State School Directors' Association is a trusted, respected advocate for public education and student achievement in Washington State. Serving as a unified voice for local school leaders, WSSDA fosters effective relationships with the Legislature, the governor's office, the superintendent of public instruction, members of Congress, federal agencies and myriad educational organizations. WSSDA's legislative reports and analyses are widely read and used throughout the education community. For more information about WSSDA, please explore their website, available at the following link – Washington State School Directors' Association.
Congratulations to WSSDA President Joanne Greer!2017-11-272018-01-03http://www.dpsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DPSD-logo.pngDeer Park School Districthttp://www.dpsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DPSD-logo.png200px200px
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Home 1 › Jing You cash (seal script, flower hole), Ren Zong (1022-1064), N. Song, China - Hartill 16.88 2
Jing You cash (seal script, flower hole), Ren Zong (1022-1064), N. Song, China - Hartill 16.88
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first known use of gunpowder, as well as first discernment of true north using a compass. The Jurchen, a subject tribe within the Liao empire, invaded the Song territory in 1125 and another in 1127; in this latter invasion, the Jurchens captured not only the Song capital at Kaifeng, but the retired emperor Huizong, his successor Qinzong, and most of the Imperial court. The remaining Song forces regrouped under the self-proclaimed Emperor Gaozong (1127-1162), and withdrew south of the Yangtze River to establish the new capital at Linan (in modern Hangzhou). The Jurchen conquest of northern China and shift of capitals from Kaifeng to Linan was the dividing line between the Northern Song Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty.


Unobtrusive JavaScript
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Unobtrusive JavaScript is a general approach to the use of JavaScript in web pages. Though the term is not formally defined, its basic principles are generally understood to include:
Separation of functionality (the "behavior layer") from a Web page's structure/content and presentation[1]
Best practices to avoid the problems of traditional JavaScript programming (such as browser inconsistencies and lack of scalability)
Progressive enhancement to support user agents that may not support advanced JavaScript functionality[2]
1 A new paradigm
2 Separation of behavior from markup
3 Namespaces
4 Degrading gracefully
5 Best practices
A new paradigm[edit]
JavaScript historically has had a reputation for being a clumsy language unsuitable for serious application development.[3][4] This has been largely due to inconsistent implementations of the language itself and the Document Object Model (DOM)[5] in various browsers, and the widespread use of buggy copy-and-paste code. Runtime errors were so common (and so difficult to debug) that few programmers ever tried to fix them, as long as the script behaved more or less the way it was supposed to;[6] scripts often failed completely in some browsers.
Some web developers have been promoting graceful degradation since 1994.[7]
The recent emergence of standards-compliant browsers, JavaScript frameworks and high-quality debugging tools have made organized, scalable JavaScript code possible, and the emergence of Ajax interfaces has made it desirable. Whereas JavaScript was once reserved for relatively simple and non-critical tasks such as form validation and decorative novelties, it is now being used to write large, complex codebases that are often part of a site's core functionality. Run time errors and unpredictable behavior are no longer minor annoyances; they are fatal flaws.
Advocates of unobtrusive JavaScript see it as part of the larger Web standards movement; much as the demand for cross-browser compatibility has driven the increasing emphasis on standardized markup and style, the increasing demand for rich Internet applications is driving the movement toward better practices with the use of JavaScript. The concept of unobtrusiveness in relation to JavaScript programming was coined in 2002 by Stuart Langridge[8] in the article "Unobtrusive DHTML, and the power of unordered lists".[9] In the article Langridge argues for a way to keep all JavaScript code, including event handlers, outside of the HTML. Stuart Langridge has since expanded upon this thought in book[10] and article format.[11]
Other authors have tried to refine and define the essential elements of the unobtrusive paradigm. David Flanagan's seminal JavaScript: The Definitive Guide says that while there is no specific formula, there are three main goals:
To separate JavaScript from HTML markup, as well as keeping modules of JavaScript independent of other modules.
Unobtrusive JavaScript should degrade gracefully - all content should be available without all or any of the JavaScript running successfully.
Unobtrusive JavaScript should not degrade the accessibility of the HTML, and ideally should improve it, whether the user has personal disabilities or are using an unusual, or unusually configured, browser.[12]
The Web Standards Project describes four benefits of unobtrusive DOM scripting in their JavaScript Manifesto.
Usability: An unobtrusive DOM script does not draw the attention of the user - visitors use it without thinking about it.
Graceful degradation: Unobtrusive DOM scripts never generate error messages, in any browser, even when they fail. If features cannot be presented properly, they silently disappear.
Accessibility: If any script fails, the page still delivers its core functions and information via the markup, stylesheets and/or server-side scripting.
Separation: For the benefit of other and future web developers, all JavaScript code is maintained separately, without impacting other files of script, markup or code.[13]
For the Paris Web Conference in 2007, Christian Heilmann identified seven rules of Unobtrusive JavaScript.
Do not make any assumptions: Defensive programming techniques should allow for the possibilities that JavaScript may not run, the browser may not support expected methods, the HTML may have changed, unexpected input devices may be in use and other scripts may either not be present or may be encroaching on the global namespace.
Find your hooks and relationships, such as IDs and other aspects of the expected HTML.
Leave traversing individual DOM objects to the experts, such as to the CSS handler built into the browser where possible.
Understand browsers and users, particularly how they fail, what assumptions they make, and unusual configurations or usages.
Understand events, including how they 'bubble' and the features of the Event object that is passed to most event handlers.
Play well with other scripts by avoiding global function and variable names.
Work for the next developer by using self-explanatory variable and function names, creating logical and readable code, making dependencies obvious, and commenting any code that still might confuse.[14]
Separation of behavior from markup[edit]
Traditionally, JavaScript was often placed inline together with an HTML document's markup. For example, the following is a typical way to register a JavaScript event handler in HTML:
<input type="text" name="date" onchange="validateDate()" />
The purpose of HTML markup is to describe a document's structure, not its programmatic behavior. Combining the two can negatively impact a site's maintainability, like combining content and presentation.[15] JavaScript behavior created and referenced in the HTML can be harder to use and maintain, for example when setting handlers for several events on a single element, when setting the same event handler on several elements, or when using event delegation.
The unobtrusive solution is to register the necessary event handlers programmatically, rather than inline. Rather than adding an onchange attribute explicitly as above, the relevant element(s) are simply identified, for example by class, id or some other means in the markup:
<input type="text" name="date" id="date" />
A script that runs when the page is first loaded into the browser can then look for each relevant element and set it up accordingly:
window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {
document.getElementById('date').addEventListener("change", validateDate);
Namespaces[edit]
Unobtrusive JavaScript should add as little as possible to the global object or global namespace of the environment in which it runs. Other scripts may override any variable or function that is created in the global namespace, and this can lead to unexpected failures that are difficult to debug. JavaScript does not have a built-in explicit namespace mechanism, but the desired effects are easy to produce using the language's facilities. Flanagan suggests the use of the developer's own domain name, dotted segments reversed, as a single global name to publish that is very likely to be unique, in the style developed in the Java language.[16]
var org;
if (!org) {
org = {};
} else if (typeof org != 'object') {
throw new Error("org already exists and is not an object.");
if (!org.example) {
org.example = {};
} else if (typeof org.example != 'object') {
throw new Error("org.example already exists and is not an object.");
While variables, functions and objects of all kinds can be further defined within such namespace objects, it is usually recommended to use closures within the namespace to further isolate what will become private variables and functions, as well as to export what will be the public interface of each module of functionality. The code above could be followed directly by the following:[14]
org.example.Highlight = function() {
// Define private data and functions
var highlightId = 'x';
function setHighlight(color) {
document.getElementById(highlightId).style.color = color;
// Return public pointers to functions or properties
// that are to be public.
goGreen: function() { setHighlight('green'); },
goBlue:  function() { setHighlight('blue'); }
}(); // End closure definition and invoke it.
From any other module, these public methods could be invoked in either way as follows
org.example.Highlight.goBlue();
var h = org.example.Highlight;
h.goGreen();
In this way, each module-writer's code is contained in private or in a unique namespace and cannot interfere with or intrude upon any other code at any time.
Degrading gracefully[edit]
Main article: graceful degradation
Writing an event listener that detects the loading of the HTML page and then adds relevant listeners to other events on the page, as well as other behaviors as required, can solve the problem of separating JavaScript functionality from HTML markup. The use of client-side JavaScript libraries such as jQuery, MooTools or Prototype can simplify this process and help ensure that individual browser and browser version implementation details are hidden and catered for. Keeping most of the JavaScript out of the default namespace helps ensure that it is as unobtrusive as possible in that sense. A further criterion of unobtrusive JavaScript that is often cited is to ensure that added behavior degrades gracefully on those browsers with unexpected configurations, and those on which the user may have disabled JavaScript altogether.[12]
This requirement is a basic tenet of web accessibility, to ensure that JavaScript-enhanced websites are not only usable by people of all abilities and disabilities but that all users - whatever their computing platform - get equal access to all the site's information and functionality. Sometimes there is extra work involved in achieving this, but web accessibility is not an optional extra in many countries. For example, in the UK, the Equality Act 2010, while it does not refer explicitly to website accessibility, makes it illegal to discriminate against people with disabilities and applies to anyone providing any service in the public, private and voluntary sectors.[17] While a lot of effort may be put into designing and implementing a slick client-side user interface in unobtrusive JavaScript, it will not remain unobtrusive to a user without client-side scripting if they find that they cannot access published information. To meet this goal, it is often necessary to implement equivalent, albeit clunkier, server-side functionality that will be available without the use of JavaScript at all.
Take, for example, a webpage where thumbnail images need JavaScript behaviours so that full-size images will appear in front of the page when the mouse is rolled over them or they are clicked. First, server-side markup should ensure that the relevant full-size image is served to users without JavaScript who click on a thumbnail. In this case the basic HTML markup may look like the following, for each thumbnail:

This will work as it is without JavaScript. Unobtrusive JavaScript, in this case, during page-load, could find all the a elements that have a class of manual-link and remove them from the page DOM. It could then find all the images of class thumb and attach an onmouseover or an onclick event handler that is specified in-line to provide the slick behaviour. For example, when invoked the event handler may send an Ajax request to the server for the full-size image, then add a div to the page DOM invoking existing CSS so it appears in front of existing content, which itself may become partially greyed out. The div will need a close button, perhaps a visual 'spinner' to show that data is loading, etc. Finally, when the Ajax data arrives, the handler hides the spinner and inserts the full-size image into the new div for display.
This way, all the client-side functionality depends on the same JavaScript function. If that function succeeds, it begins by removing the basic, manual behavior, and goes on to add the client-side scripted behavior. If the script fails for whatever reason, the manual behavior remains in place and remains functional.
Best practices[edit]
Though the essence of unobtrusive JavaScript is the concept of an added separate behavior layer, advocates of the paradigm generally subscribe to a number of related principles, such as:
DOM Scripting, i.e. adherence to the W3C DOM and event model, and avoidance of browser-specific extensions.
Capability detection, i.e. testing for specific functionality before it is used.[18] In particular this is seen as the opposite of browser detection.
More generally, JavaScript best practices often parallel those in other programming languages, such as encapsulation and abstraction layers, avoidance of global variables, meaningful naming conventions, use of appropriate design patterns, and systematic testing. Such principles are essential to large-scale software development, but have not been widely observed in JavaScript programming in the past; their adoption is seen as an essential component of JavaScript's transition from a "toy" language to a tool for serious development.
Graceful degradation
Progressive enhancement
^ Keith, Jeremy (2006-06-20). "Behavioral Separation".
^ Olsson, Tommy (2007-02-06). "Graceful Degradation & Progressive Enhancement".
^ Crockford, Douglas (2007-01-24). "The JavaScript Programming Language".
^ Crockford, Douglas (2006-11-27). "Advanced JavaScript".
^ Crockford, Douglas (2006-10-20). "An Inconvenient API: The Theory of the Dom".
^ Crockford, Douglas (2007-06-08). "JavaScript: The Good Parts".
^ Aaron Gustafson. "Understanding Progressive Enhancement". 2008.
^ "Building dynamic websites". 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
^ Langridge, Stuart (November 2002). "Unobtrusive DHTML, and the power of unordered lists". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Langridge, Stuart (2005). DHTML Utopia:Modern Web Design Using JavaScript & DOM. SitePoint. ISBN 0-9579218-9-6. (Reference to the first edition, since it shows how the author pioneered the concept.)
^ E.g.: Langridge, Stuart (2005-06-01). "DHTML Utopia: Modern Web Design Using JavaScript & DOM". Retrieved 2016-10-18.
^ a b Flanagan, David (2006). JavaScript: The Definitive Guide (5th ed.). O'Reilly & Associates. p. 241. ISBN 0-596-10199-6.
^ "The JavaScript Manifesto". The Web Standards Project. Retrieved 8 Feb 2011.
^ a b Heilmann, Christian (2007). "The seven rules of Unobtrusive JavaScript". Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
^ "The web standards model - HTML CSS and JavaScript". W3C Web Standards Curriculum. W3C. 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
^ Flanagan, David (2006). "10". JavaScript: The Definitive Guide (5th ed.). O'Reilly & Associates. ISBN 0-596-10199-6.
^ "Equality Act 2010". Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
^ "Dev.Opera — Using Capability Detection". Retrieved 19 October 2016.
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This page was last edited on 4 November 2018, at 17:24 (UTC).