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Warming Up to
FAR-INFRARED
by D.J. Fletcher from Alternative Medicine Magazine, January 2001 Issue
Popular in parts of Asia and Europe for more than a decade, therapies and health care products based on far-infrared technologies are making their way into North America.
WHAT DO KNEE WRAPS, CAPS, QUILTS, MATS, HAIR DRYERS, SOCKS AND SAUNAS HAVE IN COMMON? If you say they warm you up, you're on the right track. But if you know that all these objects and more are now being designed to radiate far-infrared light--an important energy force that promotes healing--you're among a growing number of people who are onto new techniques in energy medicine.
Perhaps one should say old techniques but new technologies. After all, the body's use of infrared rays is literally as old as our species. Traditionally we've gotten our daily dose of infrared from sunlight, which is composed of all the energy wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum (see Quick Definition). Today we're seeing new technologies employing far-infrared energy in health care products and in clinical protocols such as hyperthermic therapies for detoxification and cancer treatment (see Alternative Medicine issue 37, "Too Hot for Cancer").
Energy medicine is very old, too--at least as old as the first Qigong masters and other ancient practitioners of healing touch therapies. These healers all had in common the ability to emit energy through their hands, and so do many modern day healers, such as Dolores Krieger, Ph.D., R.N., who began teaching healing touch techniques in the U.S. in the 1970s. Contemporary researchers have now proved that these forms of energy medicine use wavelengths in the infrared range.
In a study at the National Yang-Ming Medical College in Taipei, Taiwan, published in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine in 1991, researchers measured the energy Qigong masters emit from their palms. The researchers employed electronic detection equipment but were also able to detect infrared energy by a rise in air temperature near the masters' palms. The study showed that emitted infrared Qi, or Chi (pronounced "chee" and essentially meaning energy in Traditional Chinese Medicine), has positive effects on human fibroblasts, the cells that rebuild connective tissue. The study also showed that infrared Chi stimulated a significant increase in cell growth, DNA synthesis and protein synthesis in cells.
In this representation of the electromagnetic spectrum, we see that infrared wavelengths are just below ("infra") visible red light. The infrared (IR) portion is further divided into three segments of wavelengths, which are often measured in microns, or micrometers. (A micron is equal to one millionth of a meter.) The near-IR segment is 0.076 to 1.5 microns; middle-IR is 1.5 to 5.6 microns; and far-IR is 5.6 to 1,000 microns.
QUICK DEFINITION
The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range of radiant energies, measured as waves or frequencies. Electromagnetic refers to the ability to exist as both particle (matter) and wave (energy). The spectrum is usually divided into seven sections, from the longest to the shortest wavelengths: radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray radiation.
Researchers in Japan have also performed studies of this infrared energy from the human palm, which they call Kikoh. At the Niwa Institute for Immunology in Tosashimizu, Japan, researchers examined Kikoh as well as materials that emit far-infrared radiation, including common granite stone, tourmaline (a type of granite), ceramic disks and hot spring water. In findings published in 1993 in the International Journal of Biometeorology, they reported that materials emitting far-infrared (FIR) energy appear capable of potentiating functions of white blood cells. These functions include increased immune defense response in which white blood cells surround and ingest small living things (such as bacteria) and cell wastes.
There's at least one startling connection between the infrared Chi of healing hands and far-infrared products like the knee wrap. In a situation in which you've pulled a ligament or muscle, for instance, the knee wrap can become the healing hands. Both employ the same healing mechanism: They stimulate a degree of inflammation--a positive sign that fibroblasts are doing their job. Most people don't realize that inflammation is necessary for a period of time to heal such injuries, and they suppress this natural healing process by overusing ice and ibuprofen. Instead, the FIR wrap helps to trigger healing by radiating far-infrared energy through its special ceramic-coated fibers and gently but deeply warming the injury site.
But is this warming effect different from that of a hot water bottle or heating pad? Yes, the vibrational energy of far-infrared light is unlike that of the heat energy we use, for example, in cooking. Think of it as the difference between leaning over a pot of boiling water and standing outside in the sunlight. Steam from boiling water can burn the skin but it doesn't heat internal organs. Sunlight heats us in a profound way, however, because it contains penetrating far-infrared rays as well as the full range of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Everything in the universe emits and absorbs certain wave energies. If we look at a graphic representation of the electromagnetic spectrum (see illustration), we see that infrared waves are longer than those in the visible range, falling just below ("infra") visible red light in the spectrum. Although the wavelengths of far-infrared are too long for our eyes to perceive, we experience the energy as gentle radiant heat.
At the molecular level, FIR exerts strong rotational and vibrational effects that are either biologically benign or, in certain processes, biologically beneficial. This healing ability stands in contrast to the damaging effects of short wavelengths, such as X-rays and gamma rays. The molecular effects of FIR are actually measurable through IR spectroscopy, a method of analyzing the emission and absorption of infrared light that reveals changes in atoms and molecules caused by IR energy. In health care, these effects are being harnessed to promote healing.
Humans, like other living organisms, have evolved to have a unique absorption spectrum and to respond specifically to particular electromagnetic wavelengths (EMWs). German professor Fritz Hollwich, Ph.D., conducted a study in the 1970s showing that individuals who sat under cool-white fluorescent lighting had elevated levels of the stress hormones ACTH and cortisol. There was no such stress response in individuals who sat under full-spectrum lights that simulated sunlight. (As a result of studies like this, the fluorescent lights are legally banned in German hospitals and medical facilities.) Dr. Hollwich's study is one of many that have shown that light has stimulatory and regulatory effects on biological systems.
Leon M. Silverstone, D.D.Sc., Ph.D., B.Ch.D., L.D.S., R.C.S., is a contemporary expert on many of the effects of EMWs. Much of his research, first in England and now in the U.S., has focused on developing non-invasive devices for neuromodulation of disorders such as clinical tremor and chronic pain. Dr. Silverstone explains that solar light energy is transmitted to the brain by nerve endings in the skin. "These energy impulses stimulate the hypothalamus," he says, "And this has an important controlling effect on the production of neurochemicals. Given that neurochemicals regulate processes such as blood pressure, immune response, sleep, mood, and so on, there is little doubt that we exacerbate a wide range of health problems by spending the greater part of our lives indoors under inadequate lighting conditions."
Far-infrared light penetrates beyond the skin level and is absorbed efficiently by cells below, whereas visible light is mostly bounced off the skin surface. Near-infrared is mostly absorbed at the skin level and raises the skin temperature. Far-infrared can penetrate up to 4 centimeters (about 1-1/2 inches), exciting the vibrational energy of molecules and resonating with cellular frequencies. We can't exactly perceive the deep heating effects of FIR, though, because our body's ability to sense heat is mainly at the skin level. Nonetheless, the effects of FIR rays promote bioprocesses such as increased metabolism and blood circulation, and can raise core body temperature. NASA certainly understood some of these effects when it developed FIR materials for radiant heat during space travel. Hospitals have also taken advantage of some of these properties to keep newborn babies warm using FIR materials around incubators.
Studies have been done--predominantly in Asia and Europe over the past few decades--to advance the understanding of FIR in bioprocesses. A fundamental finding from classical studies is that FIR appears to have "normalization effects" on living organisms. In a recent study at the Experimental Animal Research Laboratory at Meiji University in Japan, researchers found that mice in a group exposed to FIR had a significantly higher survival rate than that of the control group.
Findings like these don't surprise Fred Slingo, founder of 21st Century Innovative Products and a pioneer U.S. importer of FIR products and information. Slingo has spent a lot of time talking to researchers, reading FIR studies and keeping up with the many U.S. patents for FIR products being applied for, especially by the Japanese. He says he and his colleagues are constantly investigating new FIR products.
WRAPS FROM HEAD TO TOE--AND MORE
Wraps are just one of many types of FIR health care products popularized over the last decade in Asian countries. Of course, you might not warm up to all the health claims until you fully absorb the principles of FIR or try a self-care product yourself. But as Dr. Silverstone explains, "The mechanism of action is in some ways simple. It is related to vasodilation, or increased blood flow and local temperature. The penetrating infrared energy brings nutrients and oxygen to the soft tissue region being treated and at the same time stimulates the removal of accumulated toxins. Also, far-infrared has an ionizing effect. The many studies of the relationship between negative ions and health have shown that these effects are beneficial."
Far-infrared (FIR) wraps can be used to promote localized healing in different parts of the body. The wraps radiate far-infrared energy through their special ceramic-coated fibers, thereby gently but deeply warming the injury site.
Some FIR products are already available in North America, while the list used in Asia is quite long. It includes waist protectors to reduce stomachache, menstrual discomfort, chronic intestinal inflammation, baby diarrhea and stomach cold caused by kidney weakness; underwear to reduce prostatitis, vaginitis, hives (urticaria), psoriasis and jock itch; socks to get rid of foot aches, offensive smell, sweaty feet and phlebitis; and caps to reduce dandruff, high blood pressure, nervous exhaustion and migraine. There are also "thermowear" FIR long johns and vests filled with ceramic-reflective materials that, if not yet proven therapeutic, will surely keep you warm.
But that's not all. FIR brassieres have been invented to help eliminate mastitis (inflammation of the breast) and to improve lymph circulation and lactation. At the Osaka City Perinatal Center in Japan, the vasodilating and warming effects of far-infrared energy on the breast were studied. The researchers reported their results in the Annals of Physiological Anthropology in 1990, concluding that "ceramics far-infrared radiation may be an effective remedy for enhancing lactation."
In studies, the vasodilating and warming effects of far-infrared brassieres have been found to help eliminate mastitis and to improve lymph circulation and lactation.
There are even quick-cooking FIR ovens that replace microwave ovens and are said to kill E. coli bacteria. Some years back, there began experiments with different IR spectra used to kill harmful microorganisms. This has translated into several healthy household products--including FIR-coated plates that kill bacteria, FIR-emitting paints and wallpaper that kill molds, and FIR shower filters. "The filters use FIR emissions combined with Paragon's filtration technology to keep chlorine from forming harmful vapors and also to prevent soap scum build-up on shower walls," says Fred Slingo. "The shower filter is actually a water treatment device that removes undesirable substances and reduces the surface tension of the water, which allows a complete rinse and has a much less drying effect on the skin and hair."
Then there are the "bioenergetic" FIR mattresses, mats and quilts, which have been said to clear up insomnia, fatigue, menopausal symptoms, high blood pressure, thrombus and arteriosclerotic occlusions and more. In a study by Japanese researchers S. Inoue and M. Kabaya, published in 1989 in the International Journal of Biometeorology, questionnaires were sent to 542 users of bedclothes with embedded FIR radiator disks (the ceramic disks that emit FIR in the 4 to 16 micron range). The majority of respondents said they saw an improvement in their health. The researchers concluded that "these effects on living organisms appear to be non-specifically triggered by an exposure to far-infrared rays, which eventually induce an increase in temperature of the body tissues or, more basically, an elevated motility of body fluids due to decrease in size of water clusters."
The upper torso FIR wrap covers the upper back, shoulders and rotator cuffs, and promotes auxiliary lymph circulation.
The ceramic powders, coatings and disks used in FIR products and textiles are made of natural minerals, such as silicates, that transmit far-infrared wavelengths. The powders can be fused into various polypropylene fabrics, and the textiles are engineered so that the FIR effects are not reduced by washing. There are also devices utilizing ceramic-coated quartz lamps and heating wires that emit FIR wavelengths.
Far-infrared shower filters combine the benefits of water filtration technology with FIR emissions, which have many added benefits--including the prevention of mold and soap scum build-up on shower walls.
Perhaps the most popular handheld FIR device in the U.S. is the hair dryer called the Solray 21 FIR Emitter. This device no doubt became even more popular after its features impressed Barbara Walters last March on her TV show, "The View." The Solray 21 is being used for chronic pain and skin conditions as well as healthy scalp circulation. It also prevents hair damage from direct heating, which causes split ends and the "frizzies." Dr. Silverstone says, "The FIR hair dryer dries hair fibers from the inside out. The deep penetration of FIR energy has a positive effect on the scalp, producing an increase in blood circulation. The hair ultimately benefits from this vasodilation due to more efficient removal of toxins and increased production of trace elements, minerals and oxygen."
The "FIR" hair dryer promotes a healthy scalp and prevents hair damage from direct heating. It's also being used in localized treatment of other body areas for conditions such as the chronic pain of arthritis and difficult skin conditions.
The FIR hair dryer is increasingly being used in localized treatment of other body areas. John Porter, M.D., a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation, and a partner in Phoenix Rehabilitation of Phoenix, Arizona, says he has begun exploring possible applications for the Solray 21 and other FIR devices. "I've used several kinds of energetic modalities successfully in the past," he says. "I'm interested in far-infrared because it's important to consider new solutions to the multi-dimensional challenges we face in helping patients heal. The FIR hair dryer appears to be a promising tool with minimal side effects."
Dr. Porter has recommended the Solray 21 to several people for adjunct therapy at home. One is his brother, whose psoriasis, a difficult skin condition, has evolved into painful psoriatic arthritis. "Because my brother has apparently been helped by the effects of this device," he says, "I'm even more intrigued by the therapeutic possibilities of FIR. But I caution people against careless use, which would involve overuse to the point, for example, of inflaming a joint, or use by persons with serious neurovascular conditions. The safe approach is to check with your doctor before beginning FIR therapy. Then document your progress--say, over a course of 90 days."
Another device for localized treatment is a lamp on a stand. It's called the TDP Far-Infrared Therapeutic Lamp, and it can provide focused deep heating in therapeutic treatments such as those to increase blood circulation and metabolism. Clinical studies have shown some of the following benefits
decreased inflammation and edema from soft tissue injuries
relief of pain including arthritis pain
promotion of circulation and healing
healing of skin disorders
balancing of the nervous system.
For many, the biggest news in FIR technology is its application in the evolving science of detoxification, and the device being used is the far-infrared sauna. At home and in clinics, these saunas are said to yield many benefits--including relief from different kinds of pain; stimulation of immune response; improvement in skin tone and conditions such as burns, eczema and acne; and the accelerated burning of calories. But the detox application is health news that can benefit everyone.
"Traditional wisdom has suggested that saunas work largely by promoting detoxification through the sweat," says John C. Cline, M.D., B.Sc., C.C.F.P., A.B.C.T., Medical Director of the Cline Medical Centre and Oceanside Functional Medicine Research Institute, located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. "Saunas also stimulate cells to release toxins which can then be eliminated by the liver and bowel. Several published studies have now shown that this hyperthermic therapy can bring about the rapid removal of a wide range of toxic substances from the human body."
The FIR energy emitted in these saunas may induce two or three times the sweat volume of conventional saunas, yet they operate at a much cooler air temperature range: about 110° to 130°F, compared with 180° to 235°F in a conventional sauna. Many individuals who cannot tolerate a conventional sauna, steam room or sweat lodge will find FIR saunas pleasant. The lower heat range is also safer for those with cardiovascular risk factors or fragile health because lower temperatures don't dramatically elevate heart rate and blood pressure.
Dr. Cline points out that methods to induce sweating have been used for centuries to bring about improved health and relief from disease. "Over 2,000 years ago," he says, "the famous Greek physician, Parmenides, stated 'give me a chance to create fever, and I will cure any disease.' This traditional wisdom has certainly stood the test of time. Using methods ranging from hot mineral baths and sweat lodges to saunas and steam baths, individuals have enjoyed the revitalizing effects of induced hyperthermia--the artificial elevation of body temperature.
Scientists are taking a serious look at hyperthermic therapy as a means to detoxify environmentally ill individuals.
"Sweat therapy has also been used for many years by miners in Europe to prevent and treat occupational heavy metal poisoning, and studies have now demonstrated that hyperthermic therapy can bring about significant detoxification from heavy metals including mercury. But only in recent years has science begun to seriously examine this age-old healing technique. Now, organizations such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have taken a serious look at hyperthermic therapy as a means to detoxify individuals who are ill from exposure to environmental poisons."
Randy Gomm of an infrared institute based in Vancouver, became a distributor of FIR saunas after his life was turned around by detoxification. As a firefighter, his health had begun to deteriorate until he was no longer able to work. He was diagnosed with fibromyalgia, and eventually it was realized that the root of his problem was toxic overload from occupational exposure. During the eight years he was ill, he says, he had a lot of time to research alternative modalities to regain his health. "I discovered that leading researchers in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome stated that their patients had high toxic loads," says Randy. "When their loads were reduced, their symptoms often improved dramatically. It worked for me. Detoxing really helped put me back on my feet."
Environmental medical specialist Doris J. Rapp, M.D., of Scottsdale, Arizona, a well-known pediatrician, allergist, homeopath and past president of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine, states unequivocally, "Everybody in this country needs to be detoxified because we've all become 'toxic dumpsites.'" Dr. Rapp began using a far-infrared sauna personally after seeing a similar procedure being employed in a German clinic. She was impressed with the clinic's work in detoxifying young children and infants. Dr. Rapp affirms that her FIR sauna causes her to perspire profusely, and she adds, "I'm hoping to see more patient outcome studies on FIR sauna use--studies that will further evaluate the efficacy of this treatment and impartially evaluate the various saunas."
Hyperthermic detoxification using these saunas is not only uniquely helpful in removing fat-stored toxins from the body but also as an adjunct to mercury removal. Dr. Dietrich Klinghardt, M.D., of Seattle, who has been called "the holistic doctors' doctor and teacher," is one of the pioneers in combining the use of FIR saunas with the chelating agent DMPS in a heavy metal detox protocol.
Dr. Cline explains, "Given that hyperthermic sauna therapy removes metal contaminants from the body by a different mechanism than chelation therapy mechanism than chelation therapy we have found that it may be used to further the benefits derived from chelation therapy. And we have also found that it may be an alternative for those who are unable to undergo chelation.
For more information please read the complete article on Far Infrared Technology.
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In Conversation With Dinorah Cantú-Pedraza
Mary Leong October 28, 2016
Each month, PlaceSpeak presents a Q&A with experts in urbanism, public engagement, and civic technology.
This month, we spoke with Dinorah Cantú-Pedraza, who coordinates the GovLab Academy – an online institute aimed at helping government and social innovators take innovative projects from idea to implementation. A lawyer by training, Dinorah founded and directed the Human Rights Center of the Facultad Libre de Derecho de Monterrey prior to moving to New York in 2012. Under her direction, the Academy has worked with over five hundred innovators from more than 30 countries online and off over the last two years.
1. Governments are increasingly using digital technologies to source ideas and feedback from citizens. What is the most common mistake they make and what is the solution?
The most common mistake is that people don't work enough on defining the problem that they want the crowd to solve. We've realized that the most important aspect of launching any kind of project, not only through crowdsourcing exercises, but also through the hundreds of projects we've helped through the GovLab Academy, is taking some time to actually define the problem that you want to solve. I can share some of the tips that we use with our community to help them define their problem better.
First, we ask them if they are disguising a solution as a problem. We get really excited thinking about solutions that we find interesting, and we're thinking about how to replicate them. As the quote says, "If you only have a hammer, you'll see everything as a nail." That's very problematic, because you don't know if that's the most recommended way to address a specific problem.
The other one is having a problem definition that's specific. Sometimes people define their problem as something that is too broad for them to do anything about it, so I think that you have to do well defining the problem in a way that you can actually solve it. It doesn't matter if it's just one specific aspect, but that's how you can actually achieve change, one aspect by one. That's also one of the biggest opportunities with crowdsourcing. You can take advantage of the expertise and talents of the crowd to solve a very specific problem; and the people will be excited to participate because they can actually make a difference and have an impact.
It's also important to think, "Is this a problem, or a symptom of a problem?" So for example, people say that they want to fight climate change. What's causing climate change? When you start breaking it down, you can focus on one of the causes and break it down further.
Finally, I think that something that can help everyone is making some of the assumptions explicit. For example, understanding who's harmed by a problem, and if that's not you, then do some user interviews and understand what's really affecting them. Who are the key stakeholders who are involved in the issue – what are some of the social and cultural factors that shape it? What are the unknowns that need to be answered to understand the problem fully? And ask yourself: Why has this problem not been solved yet? The answer to this question might actually reveal the true problem that you need to solve.
2. Your colleague, Beth Noveck, talks about the "rise of the citizen expert". In your experience, how can governments better tap into the expertise of citizens?
This is a topic where we've been working and experimenting with different models. We have the challenges model and open innovation model, where we go to a community, work with city officials, help them define a problem, and then launch a challenge to the community to gather their ideas. In some cases, gathering teams of citizens that join the government in developing that idea.
The biggest difference from traditional citizen participation is that you are not only asking people to participate in a reactive mode (e.g. you make a law and ask them what they think), you are creating methodologies that allow for proactive citizen participation (for them to not only say what they think, but also what they know and how can they use it their talents to generate solutions). So it's moving beyond participating in the decision-making process, to also participating in the creation process.
But that's just one of the many ways in which you can involve citizens' talents and expertise. The other one is with data: opening data in a way that people can use it, reuse it, distribute it, etc. If you check out OD Impact, we just released a study on the impact of open data. One case study that we're working on is in Colombia. In its simplest terms, Aclímate Colombia uses diverse open data sources to "identify the most productive rice varieties and planting times for specific sites and seasonal forecasts." In short, government opened the data, a civil society organization does the analysis on that data and partnered with farmers and communities, to bring to them information on how to make data-based decisions on when to cultivate a specific type of rice. This has only been going on for a year, but they estimate savings of $3.6m in losses climate-related economic losses.
This is great because it's open government data empowering the citizens, so it's about creating the right channels and methodology, and giving citizens and public officials the right tools so they can take action and have a space where everyone can come together to solve the public problems.
3. What role can civil society organizations play in involving citizens in the decision-making process?
Civil society organizations play a key role in creating the right exercises that can take advantage of the different types of expertise e.g. credentials, experiential, geographic, lived expertise, etc. I really like this case in Mexico where the previous president, Felipe Calderón, launched a challenge about "the most absurd government process" which received more than 20,000 applications at the federal, state, and municipal level. The woman that won the challenge shared her experience dealing with the institute that provides health services in Mexico. She had a kid who needed medication twice a month, and would continue to need it through the rest of his life. But for her to receive the medication from the institute, she would need an authorization that had to go through eight hands, and took about 15 days. Just having to do that over and over again was simply ridiculous.
But those kinds of facts are hard to find and understand when you hire a consulting firm that just review all the processes, because the people who have the most expertise are the ones who live through and go through that experience, and civil society organizations can really help figuring out how to better take advantage of that expertise, also by being more open and creating spaces for a more diverse people to come together.
4. You also have a background in law and human rights. How has civic technology impacted the ability to enact change in these fields?
I'm a lawyer, and I specialize in human rights. There were a lot of causes that I was fighting for in Mexico through strategic litigation, and I wanted to further specialize in social, economic and cultural rights, so I came to New York University to do a Masters in Public Policy. During that Masters, when I met Beth as a professor, the class was called Government 3.0. For me, it was life-changing because every new concept that I was learning in that class was something that could have helped me so much in my previous work. I've now started to specialize in technology and public policy, because it really opens a new way to solve public problems.
Not only do we need all hands on deck to solve the complexity of the problems we're facing, through civic technology and data we can actually create or start experimenting with those spaces that can bring everyone together. For me, that's the biggest change in terms of what I used to do and what I do now. When I was in strategic litigation, the impact could be big, but you had to go case by case by case. Through these tools – by opening to the crowd, creating places where everyone can do something – we can actually lessen the effects of the challenges we are facing right now and get smarter about how we face them.
5. Through the GovLab Academy, you've worked with hundreds of innovators from over 30 countries. What are some of the most memorable ideas/concepts?
I personally like the projects that have a direct impact on vulnerable populations. If you go to GovLab Academy, we feature some of the projects that have gone through our program, but I really like Safecity India. It's about crowdsourcing gender violence in every expression, from microaggressions to sexual assault. It gives voice to people who don't have voice as reports are on these topics are usually low and through Safecity India, victims are protected through anonymity. The data is later used to build capacity and raise awareness in the police and women's communities – they create workshops with the police departments and identify hotspots, and for example, the cops react by having more presence and it has a lot of impact in different ways. The projects that make the invisible, visible, are the most important ones to me.
That also connects with recognizing that right now, when we talk about data, we think that data is unbiased. But it's biased by us and how we define it, and many important things are not translated into data because no one is paying attention or giving it the time. I think the civic tech world needs to make a big push for inclusion and figure out how to involve everyone in the community, and not just the classically privileged group that already has access. How do we make it radically inclusive and reach the people that are not even asked for their opinion? How do we create exercises where we reach them, where we learn about what they have to share so that we can improve policies and the way we address specific public problems or the problems they care the most about?
6. Is there anything else that you'd like to add?
Right now, we are really excited about open innovation. We are doing a pilot on open innovation for solving public problems in Latin America, and we are starting with Monterrey, in the municipality of San Pedro Garza García. It's been a great experience working with every aspect of the municipality to build capacity.
We are helping the municipality become an innovation lab. Everyone involved is getting into the mindset of user-centered design, active prototyping, problem definition, and getting introduced to how to use data and technology to solve problems they face in their day-to-day work and get better results. So just by being able to work with them to define the problem, to launch the challenges, we've been able to build more capacity than if we just gave them a class or workshop. It's learning by doing, and they've been finding every moment of the development so useful that they're becoming invigorated with this idea of why being open is important. However, the key word is pilot and experimentation. We need to keep trying new models, documenting what works and what doesn't and continue to figure out how to update democracy, make governments smarter on how they solve public problems and create an inclusive and vibrant community that gives a space for the change-maker in all of us.
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Rescuer Theresa Strader says she's seen a change at the breeder auctions, with more rescuers attending and some paying high prices for dogs—a practice she questions.
Dog rescuers, flush with donations, buy animals from the breeders they scorn
By Kim Kavin Photos by Salwan Georges Videos by Zoeann Murphy Updated April 18, 2018
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An effort that animal rescuers began more than a decade ago to buy dogs for $5 or $10 apiece from commercial breeders has become a nationwide shadow market that today sees some rescuers, fueled by Internet fundraising, paying breeders $5,000 or more for a single dog.
The result is a river of rescue donations flowing from avowed dog saviors to the breeders, two groups that have long disparaged each other. The rescuers call many breeders heartless operators of inhumane "puppy mills" and work to ban the sale of their dogs in brick-and-mortar pet stores. The breeders call "retail rescuers" hypocritical dilettantes who hide behind nonprofit status while doing business as unregulated, online pet stores.
But for years, they have come together at dog auctions where no cameras are allowed, with rescuers enriching breeders and some breeders saying more puppies are being bred for sale to the rescuers.
Bidders affiliated with 86 rescue and advocacy groups and shelters throughout the United States and Canada have spent $2.68 million buying 5,761 dogs and puppies from breeders since 2009 at the nation's two government-regulated dog auctions, both in Missouri, according to invoices, checks and other documents The Washington Post obtained from an industry insider. At the auctions, rescuers have purchased dogs from some of the same breeders who face activist protests, including some on the Humane Society of the United States' "Horrible Hundred" list or the "No Pet Store Puppies" database of breeders to avoid, maintained by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
After the investigation: USDA says individuals and groups may need license if buying dogs for rescue at auction
Most rescuers then offered the dogs for adoption as "rescued" or "saved."
Most of the breeders who sell dogs at auction are commercial, which means they have at least four breeding females, sell to intermediaries and are federally regulated. Years ago, when more commercial breeders existed, rescuers attended auctions to buy surplus dogs that seemed to be everywhere, longtime auction participants say. But the success of the rescue movement in reducing shelter populations, some rescuers say, has been driving rescuers to the auction market. As the number of commercial kennels has decreased, so has the number of shelter animals killed in the United States: A February 2017 estimate put the total for dogs alone at 780,000, a steep drop from estimates for all shelter animals that were as high as 20 million in the 1970s.
The smaller populations of shelter dogs make it harder for some rescue groups, especially those dedicated to specialty breeds, to find what adopters want. One golden retriever rescue group turned to the auctions after seeing 40 percent fewer dogs coming in as of 2016. At the auctions, such rescuers describe buying purebreds and popular crossbreeds like goldendoodles and maltipoos as "puppy mill rescue."
Golden retriever puppies, center, at Sugarfork Kennels in Goodman, Mo., on March 7.
"We have breeders that breed for the auction," says Will Yoder, a commercial breeder of Cavalier King Charles spaniels in Bloomfield, Iowa. "It's a huge, huge underground market. It's happening at an alarming rate."
Many people are unaware of the practice. About 50 of the 86 groups that The Post linked to auction bidders made no mention of auctions on their Web pages, 20 described what they were doing as "puppy mill rescue" or "auction rescue," and 10 mentioned words such as "bought" or "purchased" at auction but did not say online how much they paid per dog.
Leading nonprofit animal-welfare groups, including the ASPCA, HSUS and the American Kennel Club purebred advocacy group, say rescuers are misguided in buying dogs at auction because the money they pay only encourages more breeding on a commercial scale.
Abigail Anderson, who owns Sugarfork, checks on huskies.
"Although they may be doing good things for individual dogs purchased at auctions, it perpetuates the problem and tends to create a seller's market," says Brandi Hunter, the AKC's spokeswoman.
Rescuers at the auctions say their purchases save individual dogs and weaken the commercial breeding chain by removing, spaying and neutering dogs that would otherwise be bred again and again. They say donors ranging from average dog lovers to show-dog breeders understand, and financially support, their efforts.
"It's a very controversial thing, for rescuers to buy dogs at auction," says Jeanette DeMars, founder of Corgi Connection of Kansas, who discloses to donors that she buys auction dogs. "Some are of the opinion that you're putting money in the breeders' pockets. Others say you're saving the dogs from a life of breeding. My opinion is that if people are willing to donate and it doesn't take money out of my regular rescue, I will do it."
"There are very good, responsible rescues that just love the dogs … and I think there are malicious, lying, cheating rescues that are in it for the money."
Bob Hughes, owner of Southwest Auction Service, the biggest commercial dog auction in the country
JoAnn Dimon, director of Big East Akita Rescue in New Jersey, says that buying breeding-age dogs not only cuts into overbreeding but also makes it harder for commercial breeders to profit in the long run.
"That breeder is going to make thousands of dollars off that [female dog] if he breeds her every cycle," Dimon said. "I just bought her for $150. I just took money out of his pocket. I got the dog, and I stopped the cycle."
The majority of the $2.68 million The Post documented was spent since 2013 at Southwest Auction Service, the biggest commercial dog auction in the country, with some additional spending at its smaller, only remaining competitor, Heartland Sales. Southwest originated in Wheaton, Mo., in 1988, and Heartland was founded in Cabool, Mo., in 2003, as a marketplace for breeders. As the last remaining government-licensed auctions, they let buyers and sellers see hundreds of dogs at a time and are a legal part of the country's puppy supply chain. They are regulated by the U.S. and Missouri Departments of Agriculture and open to the public.
Rescuers buy dogs FROM BREEDERS AT AUCTIONS
Documents obtained by an industry source reveal a shadow market:
Commercial breeders produce specialty
puppy breeds.
The breeders sell their puppies at auctions, often to rescue groups.
The dog rescuers put the puppies up for adoption as rescue dogs.
The customer may not know the dog was bought at an auction.
Commercial breeders produce specialty puppy breeds.
"I'm not going to lie about this: Rescue generates about one-third, maybe even 40 percent of our income," says Bob Hughes, Southwest's owner. "It's been big for 10 years."
Hughes said his auction is open to everyone but people with cameras because "our customers don't want to be on animal-activist websites being called 'puppy mills.' "
Hank Grosenbacher, owner of Heartland, says rescuers usually account for 15 to 25 percent of his business. He says he gets fewer rescuers than Southwest because he often bans from his auction rescuers who publicly call breeders "puppy mills."
"At our auction, I think 75 percent of the people who sell dogs, and the rescues who come to our sale, will do things the right way," he said. "The particular rescuers who come to our sale, they're a blessing. For the most part, they buy dogs that breeders don't want, and they're not paying a lot of money."
Jolene Roper takes two German shepherds for a walk at National Mill Dog Rescue in Peyton, Colo., on March 9.
Hughes says he sees those types of rescuers at Southwest, too, but also those who use auction purchases to rake in huge online donations.
"I honestly think there are very good, responsible rescues that just love the dogs and want to get them out of the breeding industry," Hughes says. "And I think there are malicious, lying, cheating rescues that are in it for the money and the glory and the funding."
In early February, Grosenbacher's auction brought in $132,000, while Hughes notched his biggest sales revenue ever, taking in more than $600,000. One rescuer, Jessica Land, who helps operate Dog Ranch Rescue and Lone Star Dog Ranch in Texas, paid $8,750 for a pregnant French bulldog at Southwest, an invoice shows. Land declined to comment for this article.
"The French bulldog that Lone Star paid $8,750 to buy in February was pregnant with five fetuses," Hughes said. "An ultrasound showed it. Now, if there's five fetuses worth $2,000 a puppy, that's $10,000 in puppies and the mama's a young female, so a breeder would say, 'I got all my money back in one litter and own the dog for free and she'll produce for another five years.' "
After this article was published, Lone Star posted on Facebook that it adopted out the five puppies for $1,850 apiece, and the adult dog for $1,350, a total income of $10,600. The group wrote that after paying medical expenses it would lose $2,421 on the deal—including possible refunds of as much as $750 should all the adopters, in the future, choose to spay or neuter the puppies.
"For rescues like ourselves who take care of all the vetting the dog needs no matter the cost…THERE IS NO PROFIT," the group wrote in its post. "You see we actually take care of every medical need that these dogs have that have never been addressed."
Two female huskies at Sugarfork.
'I'd never sold a dog for $10,000'
The Southwest auction may be the country's largest, but finding it requires knowing that it's there. It is held behind a gate and down a dirt driveway, in a barn on private property. It is in a part of Missouri so rural that the 2010 Census showed the nearest town — Wheaton — had only 696 residents.
Prospective buyers park in a dirt lot, then go inside to register for bidding cards. They sit in bleachers that surround a table down in front, where dogs and puppies are brought out from a room in the back. Sometimes, the auctioneer puts one dog up for bid, and other times, a whole litter of puppies will be on the table. Some of them play while the people all around put a price on them, and children in the bleachers — whose parents are bidding — eat snacks and watch.
At any given auction, as many as several hundred dogs and puppies might be sold, with bidding starting in the morning and running until dinnertime, even past sundown. At most auctions, various breeders typically offer anywhere from a handful to two dozen dogs, so the mix available for bid can run the alphabet from Akitas and Australian shepherds to wire fox and Yorkshire terriers.
Highest prices PAID per breed by rescuers at dog auctions
Invoices from Southwest Auction in Missouri, received from an industry source, show people affiliated with dog rescue organizations paying high prices to buy some of the most popular U.S. purebreds in a practice they refer to as "puppy mill rescue."
Charles Spaniel *
* Will Yoder, a commercial breeder, bought two Cavaliers at Southwest Auction for $7,550, but sold them an hour later in a post-auction deal when a rescuer offered $10,000 per dog.
The auction at Southwest on Nov. 22, 2014, was different — and showed that a breed-specific rescuer, flush with donated cash, will pay five figures for a single dog.
An Alabama breeder of Cavalier King Charles spaniels was going out of business, so the sale would have more than 130 Cavaliers. There was serious money in play that day from Cavalier rescuers. One rescuer's GoFundMe.com campaign had netted $188,815, and another's YouCaring.com fundraiser brought in $157,955. "Don't Let These Sweet Cavaliers go to a Disreputable Home," a rescuer wrote on the YouCaring.com site, warning donors of the "many other less than reputable breeders at this auction."
For the first few hours that day in Missouri, rescuers won every bid. Then Will Yoder, the Cavalier breeder from Iowa, broke through. He says he does not support or usually attend auctions, so he can still remember the moment that he won two Cavaliers, for $3,600 and $3,950.
"There was just dead silence," Yoder says. "This was, like, the first dog that went to a breeder that day. The pressure was on. The first dog just went to a horrible puppy mill. That's what they're thinking."
As he waited to pay at the checkout counter, Yoder says, a rescuer approached and blurted, "So, how much profit?"
"It was like, they hate me, and they assume I hate them, and she just walked up and looked at me," he says. "I knew what she meant: What do you want for your dogs? I looked at her and said, 'I'm sorry, but they're not for sale.' "
Yoder left with his two Cavaliers, but online pleas had already gone out to raise more money to buy his dogs in a post-auction deal. A forum run by Cavaliers Co UK, in Britain, listed the email address of Alabama-based rescuer Angie Ingram and said she was a person collecting PayPal donations.
Comments on the forum emphasized the urgency: "Money is still being donated, hopefully an agreed fee for the dogs can be met with the money that is still coming in!!"
Cavaliers Co UK and Ingram did not respond to requests for comment.
"I didn't think they would actually pay it. But it's not their money, so money wasn't an issue. I'd never sold a dog for $10,000, so I just thought, 'Let's see.'"
Will Yoder, a commercial breeder, bought two Cavaliers at Southwest Auction. He sold them in a post-auction deal.
Yoder says he was oblivious to the crush of fundraising. He was heading home to Iowa, sitting in the passenger seat with his Cavaliers in the back, when he reconsidered.
"I told the driver, 'They really wanted those dogs,' " Yoder says. "We were just talking, and I said, 'Money is obviously not an issue for them.' "
Yoder called the auction owner by cellphone and said he'd take $10,000 per Cavalier if the rescuer still wanted them.
"I was just curious," Yoder says. "I didn't think they would actually pay it. But it's not their money, so money wasn't an issue. I'd never sold a dog for $10,000, so I just thought, 'Let's see.' "
Within minutes, the auction owner and Yoder say, the deal was done: Documents show that Ingram paid $24,200 to buy the two Cavaliers for which Yoder had paid $8,305, with all the totals including the auction's fees; the check was one of four that Ingram wrote that day, totaling $218,325 for 54 dogs, according to documents submitted by lawyers for Ingram and others in an Alabama libel lawsuit filed in the wake of the auction.
Southwest Auction's owner says the dog sale held in early February was his biggest ever, generating more than $600,000. Dogs up for bid that day included a pregnant French Bulldog that, according to this invoice, a rescuer paid $8,750 to buy. See more documents involved in reporting this story.
Ingram and six others sued several other rescuers alleging that they libeled the plaintiffs by publishing statements on a Facebook page called Beware Cavalier Rescue of Alabama, accusing them of using donated money to buy dogs for themselves and duping donors about rescuing Cavaliers.
"The Beware page and the information posted by others lacked any factual support and the unconscionable allegations contained therein were and are false, defamatory and libelous," the plaintiffs complaint states.
Documents show that bidders now affiliated with the nonprofit Cavalier Rescue of Alabama, where Ingram is listed as animal welfare program director, have paid $406,872 buying 172 dogs and puppies at auction since 2014 — an average price of $2,365 per dog. Last year, more than half the dogs the nonprofit group says it saved were bought at auction, according to a link the group posted on Facebook showing that it has placed dogs in homes in 14 states.
Following this article's publication, the group posted on Facebook that it pays an average price of $1,600 per dog at auction.
"We have NEVER profited off an auction dog," the group stated in its post. "We are in the hole with EVERY single dog that we rescue from auction. We know this going into it and it is never about the money, it is only about saving lives."
As for the two Cavaliers bought for $24,200, Ingram adopted one, and another rescuer adopted the other, both animals becoming personal pets, court documents show. Ingram and the other adopter each paid a $300 fee.
Lisa Thompson, co-founder of Cavalier Rescue of Alabama, said that on the advice of legal counsel, no one from her group would respond to The Post's questions.
Yoder was thrilled to talk. He said he could not believe so much money was raised so quickly, or that he ended up with so much of it, given to him by people who say they despise commercial breeders.
"I was just like," he pauses, chuckling, "this is crazy."
One of Sugarfork's female huskies. French bulldogs after mating at Sugarfork.
An elusive marketplace
Rescue groups generally are organized as nonprofit charities and raise money through fundraisers, adoption fees, grants and bequests. Shelters and rescue groups connected to the auction bidders have annual revenue that runs from $12,000 to $1.5 million, and they charge adoption fees that range from $50 to $1,850 per dog. The individuals who run these organizations receive salaries as high as $78,000, but many receive no compensation, according to tax forms.
The rescue movement used to include only shelters, but today it has an expansive network of home-based nonprofits, too. The noticeable increase in the number of such rescuers at the Missouri auctions began around 2005, about the same time that the nation's rescue movement began to evolve. That is also about the time that self-described "puppy mill rescue" began to move into the mainstream.
Social media is boosting the "puppy mill rescue" movement today, with some rescuers seeking donations specifically to buy auction dogs. Amanda Giese, founder of Panda Paws Rescue in Washougal, Wash., posted several Facebook videos after spending $18,140 buying 32 dogs at the Southwest auction on Feb. 18, 2017, an invoice shows. Giese tells viewers, sometimes through tears, that she bought the dogs to save them from lives of sickness and torment in facilities with 400, 500 or 600 dogs that live in "rabbit hutches." She is shown with Siberian husky puppies that she purchased, asking as she unloads them from the back of a van, "Do you want to touch green grass for the first time?"
Two of the Husky puppies that Giese bought, documents show, came from Sugarfork Kennels in Goodman, Mo., which has sold puppies to pet stores and directly to consumers since 1999, and which invites buyers to visit the kennel. At least one of Sugarfork's grassy, sun-drenched enclosures, where big dogs such as Huskies run and play, is the size of a ballfield.
Giese, reached by telephone, said she could not respond to The Post's questions.
Rescuers who have been buying auction dogs for many years say it is unfair to characterize all commercial breeders as "puppy mills." They say they consider some of the breeders at the auctions to be their friends who, for various reasons, have dogs or puppies they cannot sell in other ways, leaving them for rescuers to acquire.
"I think that as long as there are people raising dogs, there's always going to be the adult dog that got too old," said Jane Rosenthal of Storm Lake, Iowa, a former breeder and longtime auction buyer for numerous rescue groups. "There's going to be the puppy with an overbite or its eye got hurt — the unsellable puppies. To me, that's really what I always did for the most part, was pick up the crumbs at the bottom, those that nobody wanted."
Rosenthal is a buyer who shows the nationwide reach that even a single rescue bidder can have from inside the auctions, making it all but impossible for consumers or regulators to determine a dog's provenance. She has spent at least $150,972 buying 434 dogs at Southwest since 2014, an average price per dog of $347; and $103,304 buying 619 dogs at Heartland since 2009, at an average price of $166, documents show. She has bought corgis, Akitas, Cavaliers and many more breeds for rescue groups from California to Minnesota to New Jersey, records and interviews show.
"She has this great big van and gets dogs for all the rescues," says Faith Humpal, president of Paws to Love K9 Rescue in South Dakota, who has attended auctions for about 15 years. "A lot of the rescues say, 'We don't buy dogs' or 'We don't do this,' but, yeah, they do.' "
Rosenthal said she is a volunteer bidder who does not consider her actions to be the same as buying dogs. She said she bids at the auctions for other rescuers who reimburse her. She said she cringes at the high prices some rescuers pay before showing off their auction-bought dogs online with descriptions such as "puppy mill rescue," using the dogs "as poster children" to generate more donations from the public.
"You didn't save that dog," she said. "You paid $3,000 for it. You bought it, and you're going to sell it. I don't want any part of that."
Helen Slate grooms a 4-year-old poodle at National Mill. Sonja Row cradles an 11-year-old male Maltese that has been at National Mill for just a few days. The National Mill rescue facility.
Theresa Strader agrees. She is founder of National Mill Dog Rescue in Colorado, a leading "anti-puppy mill" nonprofit organization with a website that states, "We do not pay the mills to rescue their dogs." Invoices show that Strader paid breeders nearly $44,703 for 193 dogs at 11 auctions from 2014 to 2016; prices ranged from $1 (for a Chihuahua) to $1,325 (for a golden retriever), for an average price of $231 per dog.
"At least half of that money was groups that asked me to get dogs for them," Strader said. Rescuers told The Post it is a common practice for rescuers to buy dogs for others. Strader used to get "penny dogs" with her personal money at Southwest before about 2013, she said, and today is disgusted by the large amounts she sees some rescuers spending.
"It became all the rage for rescuers to show up," Strader said. "They're creating an industry inside the industry. It's really, really wrong."
Strader is among those who say buying dogs for high prices at auction is not a form of rescue at all: "People who call this puppy mill rescue? That's not honest. It's just not."
"The rescuers come in here with more money than the breeders."
Hank Grosenbacher, owner of Heartland Sales
The owners of Southwest Auction Service and Heartland Sales say the auction business is well-regulated and humane. Read more of what dog auctioneers said here.
Most breeders used to reserve all of their puppies and younger dogs for pet-store brokers and consumers. Now, at least some are taking them to auctions to sell to rescuers, Grosenbacher and some rescuers say.
"Originally, rescues attended auctions to get the old and the sick dogs, and we paid very little for them," says Penny Reames, a Kansas rescuer who has attended the auctions for a decade, transferring the dogs to Northern New England Westie Rescue in New Hampshire, which adopts them out for as much as $1,000 apiece. "We don't see those dogs so much anymore. Now it is primarily puppies who did not get bought by the brokers for one reason or another."
At Heartland, owner Grosenbacher said, rescuers bid against each other for designer crossbred puppies such as morkies and puggles, and breeders consider the rescuers to be a reliable market for those pups because adopters clamor for them, making them a "cash cow" in the rescue community.
Kennel technician Tara York spends time with a golden retriever and her litter at Sugarfork.
"That's the one thing that rescues will get in competition over," he says. "They'll stand right there and look each other in the eye and outbid each other. By and large, it's the rescuers knocking each other out."
Numerous rescuers told The Post that before every auction, in a secret Facebook group and in person, rescuers meet to decide who will bid on which dogs, so they do not bid against one another. But Dimon, the Akita rescuer, says the longtimers do not always recognize the newcomers — who, upon seeing auctions for the first time, are so eager to "save" every dog that they will pay just about anything. Numerous longtime rescue bidders say breeders are lying in wait for those novices, to bid them up and take every dollar of donated money they have.
Melissa McClellan of New York City-based Posh Pets Rescue, said she attended her first auction at Southwest in January and paid $1,700 for a male Maltese. The seller had listed the 11-year-old dog as "well proven, still using," and McLellan kept raising the bid because she thought she was competing with a breeder for the dog.
What McLellan did not know was that her bidding blew right past that of at least one longtime rescuer, Laverne Clark of Powersite, Mo., who was there for the same dog.
"I could've gotten that dog for $100," Clark says. "They paid $1,700."
A husky checks on her puppies at Sugarfork.
Bans on puppies for retail sale
As of January, the Humane Society of the United States said, 250 municipalities had enacted retail pet-sale bans, which are often called "puppy mill bans" in the news media. The laws require pet stores to obtain puppies only from shelters and nonprofit organizations. Activists and lawmakers tell the public that the laws help homeless dogs and choke off income to the kinds of breeders who sell dogs and puppies at auctions.
Los Angeles enacted a ban in 2012, and California followed in October by enacting the first statewide version in the United States. Activists say it is a model for the rest of the nation to follow. Similar statewide bans have since been introduced in nine states.
But despite the efforts, commercially bred dogs have continued going to consumers in places with the municipal bans, including Los Angeles, by way of nonprofit groups and the auctions. The Post identified four California-based rescue groups tied to auction purchases, and two more that operate in the state.
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An invoice shows that on April 8, 2017, Kristin Cramer — founder of the nonprofit For Pete Sake Foundation in Sherman Oaks, Calif. — placed a successful phone bid with Southwest for nearly $17,200 to buy a dozen English and French bulldogs. Within a week, a fundraising drive featuring Cramer's dogs appeared on the Facebook page of Los Angeles-based Road Dogs & Rescue, telling donors: "The goal was to pay as little as possible so as not to line their pockets, but to save some lives and have these dogs put real faces to the horrible industry."
The fundraising announcement did not reveal the per-dog price, which an invoice shows ranged from $675 to $2,500.
One auction seller who got some of that rescue cash was Gary Phillips of Adair, Okla., a district president with Northeast Oklahoma Pet Professionals. He is on the ASPCA's "No Pet Store Puppies" warning website.
Phillips said Cramer paid him more than he could have made selling the same dog through a pet store. Documents show that she paid $1,750 for his 19-month-old English bulldog, which was too old for pet-store consumers and had allergies that diminished her breeding prospects.
Cramer said her single venture into buying at auction would be her last. The founder of Road Dogs & Rescue, while happy with the outcome for the dogs, called the experience "a painful lesson," adding, "It's too easy for rescues to be ruled by wanting to save a life at any cost."
Phillips said that he was surprised and pleased with the price the rescuer paid, and that at least one colleague had taken note — not of the laws being enacted to try to shut down commercial breeders, but instead of where their new cash flow was emerging.
Sydney Noah, a breeder at Sugarfork, holds days-old Shih Tzu puppies. Notes with expressions of love and protest adorn a wall at National Mill. Sugarfork owner Abigail Anderson inside one of the kennel buildings.
"A breeder friend of mine said she's thinking about saving her puppies until they get about a year old and take them to the auction," Phillips said. "The rescue people will pay more than the pet-store brokers."
Nationwide advocacy groups that support the pet-store bans include Bailing Out Benji, an Iowa-based nonprofit that promotes pet-store protests. Its website home page urges readers to watch a 2015 documentary that "educates about the puppy mill industry and the money that keeps it thriving."
Terra Henggeler is the Nebraska team leader and a volunteer for Bailing Out Benji, according to recent news reports. A 2017 story quoted her at a pet-store protest in Omaha telling the media that she and other rescuers had to "fight for those dogs" inside because the shop bought puppies from "less than desirable breeders."
Less than a month before and again after that protest, documents show, Henggeler bought dogs at Southwest, paying as much as $1,500 per dog; they were among 24 dogs that she has spent $24,255 to purchase at auction since 2016, some as young as 5 months old.
Henggeler and Bailing Out Benji did not respond to requests for comment.
Bailing Out Benji issued a statement following this article's publication that its connection to auctions is "nonexistent" and that its volunteer "went on behalf of other rescues in the Midwest to purchase retired breeding dogs at auction." The group also said in an email to The Post that buying dogs at auction "goes against how we operate at Bailing Out Benji." Henggeler is also a member of the Board of Directors for Pug Partners of Nebraska, which did not respond to The Post's requests for comment.
Bob Hughes, Southwest's owner, says that what goes on at the auctions shows that nobody has the moral high ground in America's puppy wars.
"In their minds, the rescuers think they're better," he says. "The industry is all alike. We're all supplying puppies and dogs to the general public in some form or fashion."
A poodle seeking a view leaps inside its enclosure at Sugarfork.
Kim Kavin is a member of The Washington Post Freelance Network. She is also the author of "The Dog Merchants: Inside the Big Business of Breeders, Pet Stores and Rescuers" (Pegasus Books, 2016), a book of investigative journalism.
This article has been updated with responses from Bailing Out Benji, Lone Star Dog Ranch and Cavalier Rescue of Alabama.
This investigation is based on hundreds of documents provided by an industry insider and additional open-records documents from numerous states, and more than 60 in-person, phone and email interviews with rescuers, breeders, animal advocates and auctioneers. It is the first time that anyone has ever documented—in dollars and cents—the multimillion-dollar river of cash that is flowing from rescue nonprofits, shelters and dog-advocacy groups through auctions into the pockets of dog breeders.
Kim Kavin is a member of The Washington Post Talent Network. She is also the author of "The Dog Merchants: Inside the Big Business of Breeders, Pet Stores and Rescuers" (Pegasus Books, 2016), a book of investigative journalism.
Originally published April 11, 2018. This article has been updated with responses from Bailing Out Benji, Lone Star Dog Ranch and Cavalier Rescue of Alabama.
Data for graphic on highest prices per breed comes from Southwest Auction invoices and court documents.
Graphics by Gabriel Florit. Photo editing by Robert Miller. Design and development by Courtney Kan. Icons from iStock.
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YVR get sassy on power-pop lead single "Heartless"
By Pip Williams / 26 April 2019, 17:15 BST
YVR – comprised of couple Courtney Jenáe and Stephen Stahl – cut their teeth working with K-pop supergroups such as Exo and Girls Generation. Today marks their first EP release as a duo, headed up with dazzling lead single "Heartless".
Channelling the high-octane vibes YVR's background in K-pop would lead you to expect, "Heartless" is a gleaming, diamond-sharp pop gem with an emotional core. Jenáe's voice soars with every repeat of the song's "Baby I ain't heartless / I just learned to use my heart less" refrain. There's a surprising tension to the track, given that Jenáe and Stahl are in fact married, but it's a mark of their craftsmanship that every facet of "Heartless" is as believable as it is delectable.
"Heartless" is an obvious selection for both lead track and opener on the pair's Night Days EP, also out today. The record features all of YVR's singles so far, including 2017's feisty, bass-led "Unique" alongside last year's "Messy" and "Always You".
"There are endless distractions during the day which is why our creative minds peak at night," Jenaé explains. "Night Days is a collection of six songs that focuses on personal relationships and life experience. We poured ourselves into every lyric, melody and sound."
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Press Release -- June 7th, 2011
Source: KDDI America
Tags: Ethernet, Exchange
KDDI America to exhibit at the TELECOMMUNICATIONS EXCHANGE at CIPRIANI on Wall Street June 29th
June 7th, 2011- KDDI America Inc., the U.S. division of KDDI CORPORATION, a Global Fortune 500 company and worldwide leader in international telecommunications services announced today that, KDDI America will be sponsoring and exhibiting at the inaugural Telecommunications Exchange, an industry event designed to navigate network decision makers through the many interconnection connectivity options available in and around the New York Tri-State area.
The event will take place on June 29th and be host to over 150 registrants and 60 exhibitors. KDDI America will be a co-exhibitor with TELEHOUSE America, a leader in international data centers. The Telecommunications exchange brings together C-level, senior executives and media contacts to facilitate one to one connections and to foster real business opportunities taking place at Cipriani's in Manhattan. Additionally there will be a CEO round table discussion during the agenda which will begin at 11AM and close at 6PM.
Join KDDI America for this event and register online at: http://www.thetelecomexchange.com/
About KDDI America, Inc.
KDDI America is the U.S. division of the KDDI Group of companies, a Fortune Global 500 company and leading provider of international telecommunications and collocation facilities around the world. KDDI America provides high-quality network solutions to clients with telecommunication needs throughout EMEA, and the Americas. KDDI Group is a pioneer and innovator in the Ethernet world, being the first telecom provider to provide switched Ethernet services between Asia and the United States. KDDI is also a leading provider in international data centers and value-added services through its group company, Global TELEHOUSE, in the United States, Europe and Asia
Sandra de Novellis
KDDI America
s.denovellis@kddia.com
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KDDI America To Exhibit At The CHANNEL PARTNERS CONFERENCE & EXPO in Las Vegas, March 13-15
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Orrick | The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020
On January 1, 2021, Congress enacted the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (the "AML Act"), which contains the most significant reforms to U.S. AML laws since the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001.[1]
Below are some key provisions of the AML Act, and here is a more detailed description of the statute's major provisions.
Beneficial Ownership Registry. Creates a new, long-awaited central registry for beneficial ownership information of shell companies and other smaller, less regulated entities, which will be available to financial institutions, law enforcement, and regulators (effective within approximately one year).
Imposes criminal and civil penalties in connection with willful beneficial ownership reporting failures, the provision of false or fraudulent beneficial ownership information, and the unauthorized disclosure and improper use of such information.
Whistleblower Program. Creates a more comprehensive whistleblower incentive program for AML violations with increased awards and protections (effective immediately—additional rulemaking authorized, but without a required time frame).
Subpoena Power over Foreign Banks. Expands statutory authority of the Department of Justice to subpoena documents from foreign financial institutions that maintain correspondent accounts in the United States (effective immediately).
New Crimes. Makes it a crime to conceal the ownership or control of assets exchanged in monetary transactions involving senior foreign political figures, or financial institutions or jurisdictions of primary money laundering concern, and adds increased penalties for repeated violations of the Bank Secrecy Act ("BSA") (effective immediately).
New Collateral Punishments. Prohibits persons convicted of egregious violations of the BSA from sitting on the board of directors of any U.S. financial institution for 10 years. Provides for the claw-back of bonuses paid by financial institutions to certain employees who are subsequently convicted of BSA violations.
Incorporation of National Priorities into AML Exams. Requires the Treasury Department ("Treasury") to establish National AML/Countering the Financing of Terrorism Priorities within six months. During regulatory exams, regulators must consider the incorporation of those priorities into a financial institution's compliance program (regulations effective six months after establishment of priorities).
Virtual Currencies and Antiquities. Codifies existing regulatory guidance that the BSA covers virtual currencies (effective immediately) and expands the scope of the BSA to include antiquities dealers, advisors, and consultants (effective within approximately one year).
Streamlining Suspicious Activity Reporting. Requires Treasury and the Justice Department, among other government and industry stakeholders, to consider how to streamline AML reporting, including Suspicious Activity Reports and Currency Transaction Reports, and to propose regulations to Congress (within one year).
Orrick's Guide to the AML Act of 2020
Jeanine McGuinness, Partner, Washington, D.C.
Matthew Moses, Partner, New York, NY
Daniel Nathan, Partner Washington, D.C. & New York
Amy Walsh, Partner, New York, NY
Benjamin Dobkin, Career Associate, Wheeling, WV
Tiffany Rowe, Senior Associate, Washington, D.C.
Compliments of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe – a member of the EACCNY.


Graded Single Cards
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2020 Topps Now Bundesliga Youssoufa Moukoko #45 CSG 10 (Pristine)
Suggested Price $79.95
At the age of 16 years old and one day, Youssoufa Moukoko made his debut on November 21, 2020 becoming the youngest Bundesliga player of all time. He takes the longstanding record of Nuri Sahin by 330 days, who was also a BVB Wonderkid when he made his bow. With a reputation for incredible goalscoring ability, fans around the world eagerly await more game-time for Moukoko.
It is very difficult to obtain a CSG 10 grade. It is comparable to the rarity of the BGS 10 Pristine. Don't let this opportunity pass to get one Moukoko's rookie cards in a very rare grade!
Please note, we are recieving several CSG authenticated cards daily, so you may not receive the same card shown in the picture.


Updated on: Wednesday, May 29, 2019, 05:42 AM IST
100 mineral blocks to come under hammer by March
New Delhi: Having secured Rs 1.81 lakh crore in its kitty from e-auction of 50 mineral blocks, the government is looking to put on block another 100 mines in the next six months, according to the Ministry of Mines. The government so far has auctioned 50 mines, including 23 limestone, 17 iron ore, 4 gold, 2 each of manganese and graphite blocks and one bauxite and diamond block each.
There are 102 blocks in pipeline to be auctioned by March 2019 in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana and Assam, as per a report by the Ministry of Mines on progress of block auction. These include 42 limestone, 19 bauxite, 11 manganese ore, 8 copper, 6 iron ore, 6 graphite, 3 zinc, 2 emerald, 2 gold, 1 iron ore & manganese, 1 dolomite/limestone and 1 copper ore.
As per the report, Jharkhand will auction the highest 20 blocks followed by 16 by Rajasthan and 13 each by Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Of these 102, the government plans to auction two limestone blocks in October. Of the two blocks, one is in Andhra Pradesh and the other is in Gujarat. The Chintalayapalle-Abdullapuram-Korumanipalli (CAK) limestone block in Andhra Pradesh with reserves of 104.68 million tonnes (MT) will be auctioned on October 12.
The Bhatvadiya block in Gujarat with reserves of 477.2 MT will go under the hammer on October 17. The Centre had earlier said it was considering granting all approvals, including environmental clearance, to mineral blocks before putting them up for sale, a move that may give a push to the auctions. The idea is to fast-track auctioning and iron out issues related to green clearances and land rights are addressed upfront. It has given in-principle approval to provide single clearance for environment and forest to the new lease holders of the 288 mining leases expiring in two years. From the 50 mineral blocks auctioned so far since 2015, the government will earn a revenue of Rs 1.81 lakh crore over the lease period.
Published on: Monday, October 08, 2018, 02:07 AM IST
e-auction mineral blocks
mine block on auction
Ministry of Mines


News RHI Magnesita to merge operations in India
RHI Magnesita to merge operations in India
India: RHI Magnesita plans to merge its three local subsidiaries, RHI India and RHI Clasil with Orient Refractories. On completion of the proposed merger RHI Magnesita will own about 70% in Orient Refractories which will be renamed RHI Magnesita India. The transaction is expected to be complete by mid-2019.
"The proposed merger of our Indian subsidiaries marks an important milestone towards expanding RHI Magnesita's market leadership in the refractory market in India. One strong, integrated organisation and management will increase long term value for all stakeholders and efficiently combine resources and capabilities. This merger will significantly enhance the profile of RHI Magnesita in India and creates a stronger foundation to tap the immense growth potential we see in the Indian market," said Stefan Borgas, chief executive officer (CEO) of RHI Magnesita.
Orient Refractories is currently 70% owned by RHI Magnesita. It is a manufacturer and supplier of special refractory products, systems and services for the steel industry. RHI India, a wholly-owned RHI Magnesita subsidiary, is the local sales company of RHI Magnesita group offering a range of refractories and related services sourced from various RHI Magnesita group entities to Indian customers. RHI Clasil is 53.7% owned by RHI Magnesita. It is a manufacturer and supplier of mainly alumina-based refractories for steel and cement.
This merger is part of RHI Magnesita's strategic pillar 'markets' that focuses on building a global presence with strong local organisations and solid market positions. India's growth prospects in the refractory market derive primarily from the steel sector, which is RHI Magnesita's largest customer industry.
Once the merger is complete the new company will operate two production plants and employ over 700 workers. The proposal is subject to shareholder and regulator approval.
Last modified on 01 August 2018
RHI Magnesita
RHI India
RHI Clasil
Orient Refractories
New Executive Vice President and General Counsel for RHI Magnesita
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Mangalam Cement installs 5.15MW WHR plant at Morak cement plant


What is the difference between DirectX 11 and 12?
I wanted to know this because older graphics hardware that only supported DirectX 11 now supports DirectX 12 too. This was not the case between DirectX 10 and DirectX 11 (i.e. DirectX 10 hardware could not support DirectX 11 games).
What is the difference between DirectX 11 and 12? How is it possible that older hardware can now use DirectX 12?
As a gamer it doesn't mean too much. The most obvious difference that DirectX 12 requires Windows 10, while DirectX 11 requires Windows 7 or later. DirectX 12 also requires that your video card driver supports it as well. This means you need to have a relatively recent AMD, NVIDIA or Intel video card with updated drivers.
In terms of its effect on games DirectX 12 doesn't really change what can be displayed, it just allows for more efficient rendering. Its main improvement is that it lets more than one CPU core to submit commands to the graphic card at the same time. With DirectX 11 or earlier games were effectively limited to accessing the video card from only one CPU core of a multicore CPU at a time.
However the advantages of DirectX 12 aren't easy for developers to exploit in practice. At this point, I don't expect that many games will be able make effective use of it. For the most part, only AAA games would have both the resources and the need to usefully exploit DirectX 12.
Since DirectX 12 doesn't really add new rendering functionality, it just changes the how games access the video card, it's possible to support it with older hardware simply by updating the drivers.
(To be a bit more technical, Direct3D 12 requires that the driver be updated to use WDDM 2.0 and that the hardware supports at least feature level 11_0. The newer feature levels 12_0 and 12_1, mostly affect how games can access graphics resources. The limited additional hardware requirements meant that some older "DirectX 11" hardware was able to support the newer 12_0 level.)
Source : Link , Question Author : Mr. VampFox , Answer Author : Community
Categories directx-11
What are conditions to get NPC invasion at Dark Souls 3?
How long do wild seeds take to grow?


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author: Charles Olson
Various (Eshleman, Clayton; Doolittle, Hilda "H.D."; Freud, Sigmund; Melville, Herman; Olson, Charles; Penn Warren, Robert; Stein, Gertrude et al.)
Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1989. First Printing. Softcover. The particularly eclectic spring 1989 number of the vintage literary journal. Featuring essays on the Michigan poet Clayton Eshleman by Paul Christensen, the feminist icon Hilda "H.D." Doolittle, Gertrude Stein & more. Also in this issue are reviews of works on Freud (who treated H.D. as a patient), Herman Melville, Beat-related poet Charles Olson & Robert Penn Warren. Quite an..... More
Various (Ashbery, John; Bishop, Elizabeth; Bly, Robert; Creeley, Robert; Dylan, Bob; Jeffers, Robinson; Olson, Charles; Whitman, Walt; Williams, William Carlos et al.)
Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., 1990. First Printing. Softcover. Another very eclectic number of the scholarly journal, with a wide variety of subjects: Essays on John Ashbery's work by Margueritte S. Murphy, Elizabeth Bishop's by Jacqueline Vaught Brogan, Robert Bly's by Victoria Frenkel Harris & William Carlos Williams' by William Doreski; notes on Bob Dylan's poetry-lyrics by James W. Earl; reviews of works on Beat-related poets Robert Creeley &..... More
Various (Berman, Wallace; Burroughs, William S.; Doyle, Kirby; Fante, Dan; Fruscella, Tony; Kerouac, Jack; Olson, Charles; Spicer, Jack et al.)
Beat Scene No. 81 (Winter 2016)
Coventry, England: Beat Scene Press, 2016. First Printing. Stapled Wrappers. Beat Scene No. 81 starts with Editor Kevin Ring's intriguing article on little-known Beat poet Kirby Doyle. Although Doyle is lesser-known to the masses, such credible giants of American poetry as Diane di Prima and Lawrence Ferlinghetti have heralded Doyle as among the best poets of his generation. Following Ring's article is a contribution by poet, publisher, and former wife..... More
Various (Burroughs, William S.; Hoffenberg, Mason; Kerouac, Jack; McClure, Joanna; Olson, Charles; Stern, Gerd; Snyder, Gary; et al.)
Beat Scene No. 82 (Summer 2016)
Coventry, England: Beat Scene Press, 2016. First Printing. Stapled Wrappers. The Summer 2016 issue of Beat Scene Magazine begins with a short article on the activities and influence of Joanna McClure, poet & former wife of Michael McClure. Also an interview of Gary Snyder, a biographical anecdote of William S. Burroughs by Jim White, where he relates a visit to Burroughs' famous bunker on 222 Bowery Street in New York..... More
Various (Burroughs, William S.; DeLattre, Pierre; Ferlinghetti, Lawrence; Gysin, Brion; Kerouac, Jack; Nutall, Jeff; Patchen, Kenneth; Olson, Charles)
Beat Scene No. 83 (Late Summer 2016)
Coventry, England: Beat Scene Press, 2016. First Printing. Stapled Wrappers. Issue No. 83 of Beat Scene Magazine begins with a great essay with a then-81 year old Lawrence Ferlinghetti about the infamous HOWL trial and the original San Francisco scene surrounding the publication of Ginsberg's most widely-known work. Ferlinghetti, as ever, is quick to dispel rumors and misconceptions about the event and that time, fly-swatting the mythology away from the..... More
Various (Antin, David; Burroughs, William S.; Kerouac, Jack; Kyger, Joanne; McClure, Michael; Olson. Charles; Raworth, Tom; Rexroth, Kenneth; Rothenberg, Jerome; Snyder, Gary; White, Kenneth)
Coventry, England: Beat Scene Press, 2017. First Printing. Stapled Wrappers. Beat Scene Issue No. 86 is another expectably outstanding issue in the celebrated & long-running series from Kevin Ring's Beat Scene Press. The issue begins with an interview of Roy Pennington, brother of Jim Pennington of Aloe's Books (publisher of the William S. Burroughs classic "White Subway" and more), that discusses Roy's publication of "Mayfair Academy Series More or Less,"..... More
Various (Ring, Kevin, Editor; Bukowski, Charles; Clark, Tom; Creeley, Robert; Crowe, Thomas Rain; Duncan, Robert; Ferlinghetti, Lawrence; Kerouac, Jack; Olson, Charles et al.)
Coventry, England: Beat Scene Press, 2018. First Printing. Stapled Wrappers. This number of the essential magazine with its finger on the Beat, published, edited & with contributions by Kevin Ring in the UK, features an excerpt from our very own inaugural book publication, Starting From San Francisco: Thomas Rain Crowe in Conversation with Third Mind Books. Reprinted here is the part of our interview with Crowe in which he reminisces..... More
Charters, Samuel (Creeley, Robert; Duncan, Robert; Ferlinghetti, Lawrence; Ginsberg, Allen; Olson, Charles; Snyder, Gary; Welch, Lew et al.)
Some Poems/ Poets: Studies in American Underground Poetry Since 1945
Berkeley, CA: Oyez Press, 1971. First Edition. Hardcover. "I don't want anyone who's interested in contemporary poetry to be put off by any sense of formality in these studies of a group of poems and poets out of the last twenty years of the American poetic experience...What I've tried to do in these studies is to get down some of my own responses to writing that seems to have an..... More
Some Poems/Poets: Studies in American Underground Poetry Since 1945
Berkeley, CA: Oyez Press, 1971. First Softcover Edition. Softcover. "I don't want anyone who's interested in contemporary poetry to be put off by any sense of formality in these studies of a group of poems and poets out of the last twenty years of the American poetic experience...What I've tried to do in these studies is to get down some of my own responses to writing that seems to have..... More
Various (Apollinaire, Guillaume; Beach, Mary; Beck, Julian; Corso, Gregory; Ferlinghetti, Lawrence; Ginsberg, Allen; McClure, Michael; Nuttall, Jeff; Olson, Charles; Pelieu, Claude; Plymell, Charles et al.)
City Lights Journal, Number Three
San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books, 1966. First Printing. Softcover. The third number of the landmark first series of literary journals published by Lawrence Ferlinghetti's iconic Beat imprint, City Lights Books. Features an article by Richard Shattuck about Surrealist poet & playwright Guillaume Apollinaire (Apollinaire's great Whitman Happening") with a photograph of Apollinaire; Mary Beach's translation from French into English of a fragment from her husband Claude Pelieu's prose-poetry work..... More
Various (Strand, Mark; (Editor); Ansen, Alan; Ashberry, John; Berryman, John; Bishop, Elizabeth; Bly, Robert; Clark, Tom; Corso, Gregory; Creeley, Robert; Ginsberg, Allen; Hall, Donald; Ignatow, David; Koch, Kenneth; Levertov, Denise; Levine, Philip; Lowell, Robert; Merrill, James; O'Hara, Frank; Olson, Charles; Plath, Sylvia; Roethke, Theodore; Sexton, Anne; Snyder, Gary; Wakoski, Diane et al.)
The Contemporary American Poets: American Poetry Since 1940
New York, NY & Cleveland, OH: The New American Library, Inc./ The World Publishing Company, 1969. First Printing. Hardcover. "The Contemporary American Poets is a collection of representative work by the best poets writing in the U.S.A. It stays clear of bias, favoring no one group of poets over any other, reflecting, instead, the rich variety that characterizes contemporary American poetry...(providing) the reader with the clearest and most comprehensive view..... More
Dorfman, Elsa (Corso, Gregory; Creeley, Robert; Duncan, Robert; Ginsberg, Allen, Kyger, Joanne; Olson, Charles; Orlovsky, Peter; Sanders, Ed; Snyder, Gary; Waldman, Anne et al.)
Elsa's Housebook: A Woman's Photojournal
Boston, MA: David R. Godine, 1974. First Edition. Softcover. The classic work of photo-journalism by Elsa Dorfman. After working for Grove Press in NYC during the early 1960s height of its literary ferment, Dorfman moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts but kept in touch with the literary luminaries she had befriended. They visited her & she photographed them, eventually resulting in this volume beloved by enthusiasts of the Beat Generation & Beyond..... More
Various (Ashberry, John; Beckett, Samuel; Corso, Gregory; Creeley, Robert; Dorn, Edward; Ginsberg, Allen; Kerouac, Jack; Lowell, Robert; McClure, Michael, Merrill, James; O'Hara, Frank; Olson, Charles; Snyder, Gary; Whalen, Philip et al.)
Evergreen Review, Vol. 2, Nos. 5-8, Summer 1958 - Spring 1959
New York, NY: Grove Press, 1959. First Edition Thus. Hardcover. Four vintage issues of the legendary literary journal co-edited & published by Barney Rosset & his Grove Press, bound into one hardcover volume (presumably for libraries & institutions). Consisting of the complete contents of all four contiguous issues of Summer 1958, Autumn 1958, Winter 1959 & Spring 1959; except for front & back covers of original issues, which are not..... More
Various (McClure, Michael; McNaughton, Duncan; Olson, Charles; Sanders, Edward; Wieners, John et al.)
Fathar 2, December 1970
Buffalo, NY: Duncan McNaughton, 1970. First Printing. Stapled Sheets. This vintage literary journal, compiled & published by renowned poet Duncan McNaughton, features contributions by Michael McClure (the two-part poem "Tatagatha Valentines"); McNaughton himself (the short poem "Page for the Buddha of Right Motive"); Charles Olson (a short untitled poem dedicated to Bob Hogg dated October 23, 1967); Edward Sanders (the poem "The Barge of Charles Olson Down River by the..... More
O'Hara, Frank; Various (Ashbery, John; Berkson, Bill (Editor); Berrigan, Ted; Brainard, Joe; Cage, John; Creeley, Robert; de Kooning, Elaine; Dubuffet, Jean; Duncan, Robert; Elmslie, Kenward; Freilicher, Jane; Ginsberg, Allen; Guest, Barbara; Guston, Philip; Koch, Kenneth; LeSeur, Joe (Editor); Malanga, Gerard; Olson, Charles; Padgett, Ron; Schuyler, James; Southern, Terry; Wieners, John et al.
Homage to Frank O'Hara
Bolinas, CA: Big Sky, 1978. First Trade Softcover Edition. Softcover. "Frank O'Hara in others--that is what this book is about. As editors, we have collected the messages, long and short, from many of the people who knew Frank or who otherwise feel some close connection with him through either hearsay or his work or both, and whom we approached, asking them to contribute in the forms of their choice: "How..... More
Olson, Charles
Y & X
Washington DC: The Black Sun Press / Caresse Crosby, 1950 (1948). Second Edition (In This Case Also Referred to as the "Trade" Edition"). Stapled Wrappers. When Charles Olson arrived at an already historic Black Mountain College, he had only this book of poems and his study of Melville, "Call Me Ishmael" (1947) published under his name. To think of all that Olson published post-Black Mountain, and his rising fame in..... More
Olson, Charles (Boer, Charles; Butterick, George F.; Mikolowski, Ken; Mikolowski Ann)
The Maximus Poems (Two Editions) with: Maximus Poems IV, V, VI with: The Maximus Poems Volume Three with: A Guide to The Maximus Poems of Charles Olson with: Ephemera
New York, NY; London, England; Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA: Jargon/ Corinth Books; Cape Goliard Press; Grossman Publishers/ The Viking Press; University of California Press, 1960-1980. Second Printings; First Softcover Editions. Four Softcovers; One Hardcover. The Maximus Poems are the Magnum Opus of Charles Olson (1910-1970), the great Black Mountain-&-Beyond poet who was, literally & in literature, a towering figure. His deep, wide-sweeping poems, & ideas about poetry, continue to..... More
Olson, Charles (Dorn, Ed)
A Bibliography on America for Ed Dorn
San Francisco, CA: Four Seasons Foundation / City Lights Books, 1964. Third Printing. Stapled Wrappers. Now here's some quintessential Olson--stylistic, admonishing, alluring yet borderline incomprehensible. This writer would argue that one has to consider Olson's letters--along with his famed, sprawling talk-a-thons--within the context of his amphetamine use. While I am aware that this is something footnoted and known about Olson--that his amphetamine use sometimes shaped his lectures and talks--I don't..... More
San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books, 1966. First Edition Thus. Softcover. "CHARLES OLSON, true poet of Gloucester, Mass., first published this barnacled study of Herman Melville almost twenty years ago, and it has since become recognized as a classic of American literary criticism, a fine whalebone key to the great American saga of the White Whale (and to the hunt for that America which still goes on)." Undeniably the voice..... More
Selected Writings (Ed. & w/Introduction by Robert Creeley)
New York, NY: New Directions, 1966. First Printing. Softcover. Complete with one-of-a-kind "Olsonite" sticker, this copy of Charles Olson's "Selected Writings" with introduction by Robert Creeley is from the collection of Ken & Ann Mikolowski, co-founders of Detroit's visionary Alternative Press, publishers of many "Beat'/ New York/"Black Mountain School"-affiliated authors. We don't know how the "Olsonite" sticker got there--whether it was an Alternative Press production or a gift from Creeley..... More
Archaeologist of Morning
London, England: Cape Goliard Press, 1970. First Edition. Hardcover. A primary source book for innumerable mid-century masters & beyond, Charles Olson's monumental "Archaeologist of Morning" can be seen as Olson's 'Collected Poems' outside of his famed "Maximus" series, as it contains all the poems Olson himself actually approved for publication in his lifetime not intended for the Maximus series. As such, it contains "Y & X," "In Cold Hell, In..... More
O'Ryan 1-10
Detroit, MI: The Alternative Press, 1970. First Edition Thus. Stapled Sheets. Charles Olson (1910-1970), a literal & literary Giant in the canon of twentieth-century American poetry, first published some of these poems in a small edition during 1958; then expanded to ten poems in a larger edition during 1965 (see Butterick & Glover, A12 a-b, pgs. 11-12). In the deep, allusive Olsonian manner, the poems combine expansive mythology with contemporary..... More
The Special View of History
Berkeley, CA: Oyez Press, 1970. First Edition. Softcover. The towering (literally & figuratively) American poet Charles Olson (1910-1970) defines The Special View of History as "An attempt to state a view of reality which yields a stance nexal to the practice of verse, narrative and theater now. A course of study which proceeds on the level of history and of a concept of man with the dynamic first proposed in..... More
The Fiery Hunt and Other Plays
Bolinas, CA: Four Seasons Foundation, 1977. First Softcover Edition. Softcover. "This volume continues the effort to bring together the writings which Charles Olson left behind at his death in 1970. Presented here are the eleven known plays and verse dramas which he wrote during his career as poet. None was ever performed, a few were even abandoned before completion, but they all are notable for their willingness to explore the..... More