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National Institute of Technology (NIT)
List of articles in category National Institute of Technology (NIT)
Dr.B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT), Jalandhar, Punjab	 Hits: 978
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National Institute of Technology (NIT), Dimapur, Nagland	 Hits: 1028
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National Institute of Technology (NIT), Shillong, Meghalaya	 Hits: 954
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National Institute of Technology (NIT), Warangal, Telangana	 Hits: 1061
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (NIT), Surat, Gujarat	 Hits: 2137
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (NIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra	 Hits: 881


UCSB Consolidates Its Data Protection on Cohesity
University protects growing department data and police cam video across clouds.
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Cohesity ensures UCSB can easily backup its mandatory-to-save data on-premises and in the cloud.
High backup costs limited UCSB IT's capacity to expand backup protection to many critical systems. Ensuring CJIS compliance with police cam video capture and storage was essential.
UCSB deployed Cohesity across 13 departments to consolidate its backups on one platform and scale-out to the public cloud, as required. Google-like global search enables granular lookup and speeds retrieval.
Native cloud integration with Azure, AzureGov, and Amazon Web Services ensures data is protected and instantly available. Eliminating silos reduced OpEx by more than 50%.
The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is a public research university and one of the 10 campuses of the University of California system. Tracing its roots back to 1891 as an independent teachers' college, UCSB joined the University of California system in 1944 and is the third-oldest general-education campus in the system.
UCSB is a comprehensive doctoral university and is organized into five colleges and schools, offering 87 undergraduate degrees and 55 graduate degrees. The university is virtually a mini-city that has over 24,000 full-time students, 1,000 faculty staff and 13 departments.
The university was ranked 37th among "National Universities", 8th among U.S. public universities and 24th among Best Global Universities by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings.
UCSB's Administrative & Residential IT (ARIT) has a team of 40 professionals that support the entire campus, including departments like police, human resources, facilities, housing, and ensure that the IT infrastructure is performing as expected. Its secondary storage was a combination of multiple point solutions, which made the secondary storage environment complicated and expensive. The UI/setup and maintenance was complex and it was difficult for the staff to stay current on multiple solutions. Maintaining multiple licensing and maintenance agreements negatively impacted the administrative cost. The skyrocketing cost for additional backup capacity limited the team's ability to expand backup protection to many critical systems.
Another challenge for the university's IT team was to protect its growing data that was resulting from UCSB's police body and car dash cameras. This data was critical and mandatory to protect. To address these pain points, the team started evaluating other available solutions.
The selection criteria included
Simplified backup solution with data replication in the cloud
Replication performance to AzureGov and CJIS compliant for use with police car/body cam video capture and storage
Predictable pricing that did not limit future expansion
Enterprise level support that UCSB could rely on
After a three-month, onsite proof of concept (POC) that included Veeam, Rubrik and Cohesity, the ARIT team decided to replace university's legacy, fragmented solution (Commvault, Tegile and Nimble) with Cohesity, a unified hyperconverged secondary storage platform. Cohesity's native cloud integration allowed the team to seamlessly replicate and archive its production data offsite to Microsoft Azure or AzureGov for protecting police videos, or Amazon Web Services (AWS).
The IT team provided a single solution for all 13 departments to consolidate their backups on one platform, and scale-out as required. Setup and ongoing management dramatically simplified with Cohesity, and the users could now see their backup and recovery jobs, external sources, monitoring and alerting, all in one place.
In near future the team plans to leverage Cohesity for its test/dev environment, which will help optimize its primary storage capacity.
Cohesity helped us to easily backup the growing critical and mandatory to save data, like police department videos from their vehicle and body cameras, and made those files instantaneously available upon request. From backup to recovery, analytics to monitoring and alerting, Cohesity consolidated everything under a simple, easy-to-access user interface.
—Ben Price, Director, Administrative & Residential IT, UCSB
UCSB addressed its growing data protection requirements and consolidated its fragmented secondary storage on Cohesity. With Cohesity
UCSB drastically simplified its data backup and recovery process. With Google-like global search a user can run a more granular search and retrieve the file quicker.
Native cloud integration with Microsoft Azure, AzureGov and AWS, ensured that the data was protected and instantly available when needed. The team saw instant capacity optimization with economies of cloud.
Reduced OpEx by over 50%, resulting from eliminating multiple point solutions and overhead to manage a fragmented environment.
Team could focus on more critical items and get innovative, rather than spending time going through long and expensive vendor trainings.
Related Use Cases & Workloads
Customers trust proven Cohesity solutions to solve their secondary data and application challenges.
Streamline compliance and reduce IT regulatory burdens with fast search and monitoring.
Easily Integrate the Cloud
Enjoy simple cloud connectivity for backup, archive, disaster recovery, and Dev/Test.
Simplify LTR with a single, policy-based solution to automatically move backed up data to archive.
Eliminate data silos and do more with your data on a single web-scale platform.
Transform idle backups into live Dev/Test data. Do away with the silos, complexity, and overhead.
Recover quickly, anywhere, and choose cloud-based or off-site replication.
Seamless data protection offsite
Harness the power of Cohesity and native cloud integration to stay compliant


Daily Ratings & News for Bancolombia
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Bancolombia (CIB) Rating Lowered to Hold at Zacks Investment Research
Posted by Caroline Horne | May 16th, 2019
Zacks Investment Research cut shares of Bancolombia (NYSE:CIB) from a buy rating to a hold rating in a research report sent to investors on Monday morning, Zacks.com reports.
According to Zacks, "BanColombia is Colombia's largest bank in terms of assets and also has the largest market participation in deposit products and loans. "
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Other analysts also recently issued reports about the company. Bank of America raised Bancolombia from a neutral rating to a buy rating in a report on Tuesday, January 22nd. ValuEngine raised Bancolombia from a hold rating to a buy rating in a research note on Thursday, March 21st. Citigroup raised Bancolombia from a neutral rating to a buy rating in a research note on Wednesday, April 17th. JPMorgan Chase & Co. raised Bancolombia from an underweight rating to a neutral rating in a research note on Monday, February 25th. Finally, Credit Suisse Group downgraded Bancolombia from a neutral rating to an underperform rating in a research note on Tuesday, April 30th. Two analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, three have given a hold rating and two have assigned a buy rating to the company's stock. The company has an average rating of Hold and an average target price of $54.00.
Bancolombia stock opened at $47.68 on Monday. Bancolombia has a fifty-two week low of $35.52 and a fifty-two week high of $55.40. The company has a quick ratio of 1.10, a current ratio of 1.10 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.76. The stock has a market capitalization of $11.47 billion, a PE ratio of 13.04, a PEG ratio of 0.83 and a beta of 0.66.
Bancolombia (NYSE:CIB) last posted its earnings results on Thursday, February 21st. The bank reported $1.28 earnings per share for the quarter, beating the Thomson Reuters' consensus estimate of $0.92 by $0.36. Bancolombia had a return on equity of 11.77% and a net margin of 14.40%. The business had revenue of $1.28 billion during the quarter. On average, equities research analysts expect that Bancolombia will post 4.43 EPS for the current year.
Institutional investors and hedge funds have recently bought and sold shares of the business. Candriam Luxembourg S.C.A. purchased a new stake in Bancolombia during the 4th quarter valued at approximately $241,000. Sumitomo Mitsui Asset Management Company LTD raised its stake in Bancolombia by 16.5% during the 4th quarter. Sumitomo Mitsui Asset Management Company LTD now owns 79,672 shares of the bank's stock valued at $3,035,000 after acquiring an additional 11,296 shares during the last quarter. State of New Jersey Common Pension Fund D purchased a new stake in Bancolombia during the 4th quarter valued at approximately $3,179,000. Vanguard Group Inc. raised its stake in Bancolombia by 0.4% during the 3rd quarter. Vanguard Group Inc. now owns 3,754,870 shares of the bank's stock valued at $156,653,000 after acquiring an additional 13,683 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Investec Asset Management North America Inc. purchased a new stake in Bancolombia during the 1st quarter valued at approximately $5,831,000. 6.80% of the stock is owned by hedge funds and other institutional investors.
Bancolombia Company Profile
Bancolombia SA provides various banking products and services to individual, corporate, and government customers in Colombia, Latin America, and the Caribbean region. The company operates in nine segments: Banking Colombia, Banking Panama, Banking El Salvador, Banking Guatemala, Trust, Investment Banking, Brokerage, Off Shore, and All Other.
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Missouri coach says team helped CU with Tigers' poor defensive effort
Alec Burks, Big 12, Big 12 Conference, Boulder, Coach Tad Boyle, College Basketball, Colorado, CU, Defense, Mike Anderson, Missouri, NIT, Tad Boyle, UNC
Not sure if Missouri men's basketball coach Mike Anderson intended his comments Monday on the Big 12 coaches teleconference to be interpreted this way, but Anderson didn't exactly lavish Colorado with a lot of praise when asked about CU's victory over the then-No. 9 Tigers on Saturday in Boulder.
Here's a mini-transcript:
Question: "Were you suprised by Colorado's play and what they might do as the season goes along?"
Answer: "I was surprised by their play, to tell you the truth. We just showed up with the mindset of just playing offense, as opposed to defense. That wasn't the typical defense that we've been talking about that we built up to. So I think we took a step back.
"But let's give them some credit too. They're scoring more points than they have in previous years. But I just thought we had some opportunities. We came out a little flat. We cut the game to one (point) and then they made a run of 12-2 (actually 15-2) right before the end of the first half. It seemed like we played an uphill battle the whole game. (Colorado) had something to do with it, but I think we had a lot to do with it too, in terms of our defense. I just thought our defense wasn't where it should be."
In a further exchange, Anderson gave some props to CU sophomore guard Alec Burks. The Missouri native scored a career-high 36 points on his home-state school.
"He was in a zone," Anderson said. "I thought he took advantage of the things … our defense acutally gave him opportunities. He had a bunch of transition lay-ups.
"I thought he played with a lot more confidence. The team got the ball to him. He played well. It was a career game for him, so obviously it was one of those days where he had a lot of things go well for him. He's a good ballplayer."
Another reporter asked Anderson again about Colorado and the difference in the Buffs this year with new coach Tad Boyle.
"Obviously, they beat us, and they're getting up and down the floor," Anderson replied. "They're playing with a lot of confidence. More than anything they're playing with a lot of confidence. And they've got some other guys that are contributing. Burk and (Cory) Higgins are going to do their thing. But the 'X' factor is a guy like (Levi) Knutson. He's playing well for them."
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Ten Reasons Why Mumbai Should Not Be Shanghai
Inchin Closer's CEO Nazia Vasi, a Mumbaikar who lived in Shanghai, goes behind the gloss and presents the loss that comes from growing too big too fast
Shanghai might be Mumbai's glitzy, older sister with superb infrastructure and a higher standard of living, but she comes with her quirks and idiosyncrasies, Inchin Closer delves below the city that Mumbai often wants to emulate to show her odd side.
1. No Beach
Although Shanghai literally means `City on the sea', this bustling port city on the banks of the East China Sea is beachless. Mumbai's ragged waterfront could do with some resuscitation, but at least the Juhu and Chowpatty beaches and the promenades on its Western coastline offer some respite to its citizens after a hard day's work. Shanghai-ians don't know what it is to sink their feet into the cool, gritty sands, play football on the beach on Sunday or simply chase the waves. Instead of the beach, there is industrial might__ports and docking stations for large container ships. Container shipping companies work overnight loading ships with Chinese goods which travel to markets far and wide including those in Mumbai. Shanghai may be the largest cargo port in the world, but a port city without a beach is a sad city indeed.
2. No birds, No stray dogs
In Shanghai you are nostalgic even for that raucous house crow which persistently tore afternoon siestas to shreds. For look up, and the sky is birdless, the morning without bird call or bird song. Stray dogs too are hard to come by__though, admittedly, many in Mumbai would count this as a blessing. Theories about the birdless city abound, thought up mostly by expats mulling over their beers in nightclubs like Bar Rouge or Windows. The most accepted belief is that the Chinese government had all the birds killed in a bid to stem the spread of bird flu. As for the mutts, perhaps the rash of stalls selling dog meat provide the explanation. Whatever the reason, the lack of any animals makes you think longingly of the four-legged, bird brained multitudes in Mumbai.
3. Artificial City
Tourists and archaeologists love old things, the older the better. One site in Shanghai that particularly draws them in droves is the Jing'an temple, built in 247 AD, 1,760 years ago. But wake up all ye backpackers and put away those Nikons. The temple is a faux version of the old, reconstructed at 40 million Yuan (US$ 4.82 million) only four years ago. Fake-posing-as-real is a malaise in Shanghai. Temples which look like they are a respectable 300 years old are actually three-year-old toddlers. In a massive drive to make Shanghai an international city for the 2010 World Expo, ancient temples were razed to make way for modern parks; heritage sites such as the place near Xintiandi, Shanghai's center of conspicuous consumption where the Chinese communist party held their first meeting have been given a facelift, instead of being allowed to retain their original look. Now the authorities have realised the error of their ways and are trying to rebuild old monuments. Anyone who has lived here for more than ten years will be pains to point out to newbies whose eyes are still sparking with the dazzle of skyscrapers that all you see is new, utterly new, and a good copy of the original. Copying, of course, is an art that the Chinese have perfected. The bulldozing of heritage should also ring an alarm bell for Mumbai, which is losing many of its grand heritage structures, either through negligence and vandalism or through policy decisions such as the decision to sell all the mill lands.
4. No Opinion
Ask any Chinese what he thinks of North Korea's nuclear ambitions, the war in Iraq, or even a simple question such as his response to a particular painting and you will get no response. Welcome to No Comment Society, the natural consequence of a political dictatorship where dissent is crushed by tanks and jail sentences. "The Chinese have no opinion about anything. It's like they don't think. As a foreign teacher who wants her children to learn by thinking for themselves, giving my students a problem and asking for their solution or reasoning is a failed exercise," says Hannah Kirby a British teacher in Shanghai. "The Chinese don't express their opinion at all, instead they just listen to you express your opinion and nod along. Maybe it has to do with years of being oppressed and living in constant fear of speaking out, but it's frustrating to have a conversation with someone who is too afraid to express his or her feelings about politics, economics or even their own neighbour," added Abi Tan, an architect in Shanghai.
5. Babies with slits in their pants
The weirdest thing that's apparent to anybody living in Shanghai is little babies, toddlers and even children with special slits at the back of their pants. Specially stitched into their pants these slits enable mothers to help their babies defecate in public without the trouble of pulling a baby's pants down. Nullifying the need for nappies, Chinese children just squat fully dressed__just imagine a whole generation of Indian's growing up with slits in their pants!
6. Skewed News
No matter how you access it__on the radio or on TV, in the newspapers or on the internet, all you will get is China Shining. If anybody tries to tell you any different, well it will just never reach you. CCTV 9, the country's only English news channel spews boring and repetitive stories of Chinese successes domestic and international. You hear about their ballooning GDP, triumphant trade talks and the Olympics in Beijing, ad nauseum. The nation's English newspaper, the China Daily, follows suit, completely silent about the thousands who perish in China's mines or government apathy during the Sichuan earthquake last year. The internet is still some sort of hope but it is closely policed: BBC and Wikipedia were banned for a long time. And any websites carrying negative news on the middle kingdom refuses to open no matter how many times you refresh the page. Access to cyber cafes (called Internet bars) are restricted to those over 18 years.
7. They bring only 1 menu card and bring the bill before you eat
When you go to a restaurant with a bunch of friends in Shanghai, only one measly menu card will be given to table. Then, before you've been served your dumplings, noodle soup or fried rice with hot and sweet chicken, a waitress will bring you the bill. Food is only served after you have paid the bill. "The waitress brings to the table only one menu, as according to Chinese custom, only the host orders and pays, the rest, his guests, do not get to choose dinner as they do not pay for it," explains Vivien Chou, a local. However nobody knows why the bill has to paid for even before a meal begins__ maybe they need to ensure that you have sufficient money for your dinner. It's a good thing tips are not customary in Shanghai. Chinese food in China is nothing like the Chinese food in Mumbai, the food back home is "Indian-ised" with a lot more flavour and spice. Shanghainese food tends to be more bland, however, food varies across the provinces of China. While the north eats more noodles, the south eats more rice, While the east eats blander and sweeter food, the west eats spicier food.
8. Men carry women's purses
It happens only in Shanghai! Young men and women in Shanghai who are dating each other usually walk arm in arm, dressed in co-ordinated clothes.
It could be the same sweatshirt or even, in more smitten cases, the whole ensemble, linked arm in arm, like twins entwined. More surprising is that boyfriends carry their girlfriends' purses. Maybe it's a local chivalry thing, but the sight of macho men toting little pink bags full of lipstick and eye-mascara while their girlfriends stroll alongside takes some getting used to.
9. People walk around in their pyjamas
Its the Chinese way of bringing the indoors outdoors – they wear their pyjama's out on the street, whether its just to go out and buy some fresh fish or to pick up their child from school, many Shanghainese (about 25% of the population admit they have worn they pyjama's outdoors) still dare to venture out in their frillies usually adorned with cute adorable bunnies, cats, cartoon characters or flowers. Daytime pyjama wearers can be spotted anywhere in this city of 17 million, donning bedroom attire as naturally as a T-shirt on a hot summer day. They cruise by on bicycles. They sip tea in quiet teahouses in the park. They saunter-toothbrush and towel in hand-through leafy lanes graced with the grand French concession homes of a bygone era to the public bathhouse. In a recent opinion poll conducted by Shanghai Academy of Social Science sociologist Yang Xiong asking about what the respondents considered the most uncivilised things about life in Shanghai, pyjamas topped the list. Many people offer varied reasons as to why Pyjamas should be part of the public wardrobe – they are worn in the pursuit of comfort, freedom and relaxation, others point to the implied socio-economic message that wearing pyjamas in public announces to others a certain life of leisure while others say that pyjamas are similar to the traditional Chinese suit of tunic and matching baggy trousers worn in ancient times. Nonetheless the most logical reason is that decade ago it was natural to wear pyjamas in Shanghai's small lanes, where overcrowding meant forced communal living, but that has changed as more people have moved into the privacy of high-rise homes. "As Shanghai has become a metropolis the difference between private and public space has become more pronounced, and that is how the pyjamas have become a problem," said Lianne Yang, a mother.
Positive aspects of Shanghai:
1. Bicycle city:
Each street in shanghai has dedicated bicycle lanes for the umpteen number of peddlers. While it might be the fastest way to get across town during rush hour, bicycles also keep the Chinese fit, save precious money on oil and don't add to the pollution of an already smoggy city. While stealing bicycles might be the most rampant crime in town, everybody from policemen to deliverymen to corporate executives can be seeing zipping through Shanghai's streets on a two wheeler that suits their pocket. For the lazier, leisurely lot, there is a mechanised version of the bicycle that runs on a battery which can be charged at home. For those that have matchbox sized homes, there's also a bicycle that folds up to the size of a single wheel and can be carried around town.
2. Glitz and Glamour:
China's Manhattan, or the Paris of the East, whatever you decide to call her Shanghai lives up to the name. From 100 floors atop the swankiest bars to the people walking down the street in their designer best, shanghai has it all on display. The skyline which sets the tone of the city offers glossy buildings shimmering in neon lights. Swanky cars zip by on smooth highways zigzagging through the city, Shanghai's glitterati aptly display China's new found dominance in the world, restaurants serve the world on a platter and shoppers consume luxury brands like there's no tomorrow. Brands are big in Shanghai and citizens lap up every label.
3. Efficiency and perseverance:
The Chinese people are known worldwide for their hard work, efficiency and dedication to a task. The rate at which they have turned the wheels of their economy over the past 30 years is by no means an effortless feat. Given a particular task, the Chinese fulfil their duties to the T, working efficiently and diligently, without compromise, even after a all night Karaoke session. The most obvious results of their years of dedicated labour can be seen mostly in large cities such as Shanghai where low lying, decadent buildings or acres of rice paddies have been razed over night, making way for large sprawling, swanky malls, office buildings or residential complexes. The 100 story Shanghai World Financial Tower, which witnessed several controversies while it was being built, was fully completed within three years. An even larger feat was the development of Pudong. The east side of the Huangpu River which divides Shanghai, Pudong was primarily rice fields a decade ago. Today it boasts the head quarters of China's largest banks, huge malls, the world's longest bar and China's tallest building. While no country is shy of red tapism and corruption, the people of China deserve a hand especially for dreaming and fulfilling their dream within break neck speed.
4. Common Good:
Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, iconic proletariat leader Den Xioping's ultimate theory is still very much practiced in modern day China. All of what is done in the country is deemed to be done for the common good. From a young age, students are moulded to work in groups, smarter children are made to help the weaker ones out, everybody is meant to progress at the same rate. Capitalism is a vice and caste and class distinctions do not exist. In an office environment, a single project manager will not accept accolades for the excellent work he has done, rather he will praise his team and the hard work they have collectively put in. While people might joke about the different districts they come from, economic, social, political and religious segregations do not apply in China. Everything that is done, whether it's constructing a dam, tearing down old buildings or restricting the number of children a couple can have is seen to be done for the common good.
5. One party system:
China's largest asset is probably its one party system which lays down the law sans opposition whether you like it or not. The one party system means that citizens are given no choice but to obey the law of the land or face persecution, a vital reason the Middle kingdom has been able to witness such unprecedented growth. A single government means that there is efficiency in place of bureaucracy and security in place of violence, education for all primary school children and a procedure for everything from travel to setting up a business. Efficiency in the system the government provides and the citizens strive so hard to maintain also means that Shanghaians have a better standard of living. Because the system is so efficient it works regardless of China's vast and varied population.
6. Clean and green:
Maple lined lanes make their way to pockets of verdant parks blooming with flowers. These green patches offer respite to the elderly who play Mahjong in the shade or those who want to practice any form of martial art early in the morning. Although Shanghai boasts large roads and a population that rival's Mumbai's the tree lined streets are clean, devoid of the poor, beetle spittle and garbage. While the Chinese might not be meticulous at keeping their own houses spotless, civic authorities in large showcase cities such as Shanghai make it a point to keep Shanghai shaded and sanitary.


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Crabs Feel Pain After All, New Study Suggests
By: Joseph Castro, LiveScience Contributor
Published: 01/16/2013 06:03 PM EST on LiveScience
Scientists have long held that crabs are unable to feel pain because they lack the biology to do so, but behavioral evidence has recently shown otherwise. Now, new research further supports the hypothesis that crabs feel pain by showing that crabs given a mild shock will take steps to avoid getting shocked in the future.
From humans to fruit flies, numerous species come equipped with nociception, a type of reflex that helps avoid immediate tissue damage. On the other hand, pain, which results in a swift change of behavior to avoid future damage, isn't so widespread. (Research has also shown naked mole rats may be immune to pain.)
In the new study, researchers allowed shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) to choose between one of two dark shelters in a brightly lit tank. One shelter came with a mild shock. After just two trials, crabs that initially chose the shocking shelter began opting for the zapless shelter, suggesting they learned to discriminate between the two options and headed for the less painful one.
"It's almost impossible to prove an animal feels pain, but there are criteria you can look at," said lead researcher Robert Elwood, an animal behaviorist at Queen's University, Belfast, in the U.K. "Here we have another criteria satisfied — if the data are consistent, a body of evidence [showing crabs feel pain] can build up."
Building evidence
Elwood initially set out to see if crabs and other crustacean decapods feel pain after a chef posed him the question around eight years ago. If the invertebrates (animals without backbones) feel pain, he reasoned, their reactions to unpleasant stimuli would be more than the simple reflex of nociception — the experience would change their long-term behavior.
Elwood's first experiment showed that prawns whose antennae were doused with caustic soda vigorously groomed their antennae, as if trying to ameliorate pain. Importantly, this behavior didn't occur if Elwood treated the antennae with an anesthetic first.
Another experiment showed that hermit crabs would leave their shells if given a mild shock. "A naked crab is basically a dead crab — they were trading off avoiding the shock with getting out of the shell," Elwood told LiveScience, adding that many of the crabs moved into new shells if any were available. [The 10 Weirdest Animal Discoveries]
For his new study, Elwood tested 90 shore crabs, which naturally seek dark spaces, to see if they exhibited "avoidance learning" and would discriminate between a dangerous and a safe area. Half of the crabs were shocked upon entering the first chamber of their choice, while the other half were not. For each crab, the jolting chamber stayed the same throughout the 10 trials.
In the second trial, most of the crabs returned to their original shelter; whether they were shocked in the first trial had little effect on their second choice. However, crabs were more likely to change shelter in the third trial if they were shocked in the second trial. And as the trials wore on, crabs that chose incorrectly became more likely to exit the unpleasant chamber, brave the bright arena and hide in the alternate shelter. By the final test, the majority of the crabs chose the nonshock shelter at first go.
Time for change?
The research "provides evidence that supports the issue that crabs — and other crustacean decapods as well — feel pain," Francesca Gherardi, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Florence in Italy who wasn't involved in the study, told LiveScience in an email. "It is avoidance learning that makes the difference."
Animals in pain should quickly learn to avoid the unpleasant stimulus and show long-term changes in behavior, Gherardi noted. More research is needed on decapods' avoidance learning and "discrimination abilities between painful and nonpainful situations," he said.
Elwood said he thinks future research should go in a different direction. Stress often comes with pain, he said, so other experiments could look at changes in crustacean hormones or heart rates due to shock.
Whatever the case, Elwood feels it may be time to reconsider the treatment of decapods in the food industry. "If the evidence for pain in decapods continues to stack up with mammals and birds that already get some protection, then perhaps there should be some nod in that direction for these animals," he said.
The study was published today (Jan. 16) in the Journal of Experimental Biology.
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Many but not all lineage-specific genes can be explained by homology detection failure
View ORCID ProfileCaroline M. Weisman, View ORCID ProfileAndrew W. Murray, View ORCID ProfileSean R. Eddy
Caroline M. Weisman
1Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
ORCID record for Caroline M. Weisman
Andrew W. Murray
ORCID record for Andrew W. Murray
Sean R. Eddy
2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
3John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
ORCID record for Sean R. Eddy
For correspondence: seaneddy@fas.harvard.edu
Genes for which homologs can be detected only in a limited group of evolutionarily related species, called "lineage-specific genes," are pervasive: essentially every lineage has them, and they often comprise a sizable fraction of the group's total genes. Lineage-specific genes are often interpreted as "novel" genes, representing genetic novelty born anew within that lineage. Here, we develop a simple method to test an alternative null hypothesis: that lineage-specific genes do have homologs outside of the lineage that, even while evolving at a constant rate in a novelty-free manner, have merely become undetectable by search algorithms used to infer homology. We show that this null hypothesis is sufficient to explain the lack of detected homologs of a large number of lineage-specific genes in fungi and insects. However, we also find that a minority of lineage-specific genes in both clades are not well-explained by this novelty-free model. The method provides a simple way of identifying which lineage-specific genes call for special explanations beyond homology detection failure, highlighting them as interesting candidates for further study.
http://github.com/caraweisman/abSENSE
http://eddylab.org/abSENSE
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
Posted February 28, 2020.
You are going to email the following Many but not all lineage-specific genes can be explained by homology detection failure
Caroline M. Weisman, Andrew W. Murray, Sean R. Eddy


11/11/2017 "The Band's Visit" opens on Ethel Barrymore Theatre
The Band's Visit is a stage musical with music and lyrics by David Yazbek and a book by Itamar Moses, based on the 2007 Israeli film of the same name. The musical opened on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre after its off-Broadway premiere at the Atlantic Theater Company.
THE BAND'S VISIT at The Ethel Barrymore Theatre
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The Band's Visit highlights
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Won Best Musical at
72nd Tony Awards
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