6 tips to stretch your vacation dollars
By Robert DiGiacomo Robert DiGiacomo's Twitter profile
Jun. 13, 2011 /
Frugal summer
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Most Americans, despite the challenging economic times, still intend to participate in that annual rite of the season — the summer vacation. Nearly six in 10 Americans plan to travel this summer, although about the same number are looking for ways to do so on the cheap, according to a recent American Express Spending and Saving Tracker survey.
On average, Americans will spend $1,200 per person for their summer travels, and nearly 70 percent of those with trips planned say they will drive, instead of fly, the survey found. One in four will be looking to offset higher gas costs by cutting back in other ways.
"Flexibility is key to saving money," says Lauren Sullivan, North American site editor for Cheapflights.com. "If you are set on getting away one weekend, saying I want to go to any beach in Florida, instead of saying I want to go to Miami, is the way to find the best deal."
Once your itinerary is set, here are six ways to cut costs without compromising good times or maxing out your credit card.
Frugal travel guide
Traveling with credit cards
Avoid credit card fraud during travel
Cut card fees on purchase abroad
When to buy an airline ticket
If you're heading overseas, avoid foreign transaction fees by making charges with a no-fee credit card. Capital One credit cards, American Express Platinum and Centurion cards and Chase's Marriott Rewards Premier Credit Card are among those that don't impose currency conversion fees.
With such charges typically in the 1 percent to 3 percent range, according to Bankrate.com's 2011 survey of credit card fees, you can save $10 to $30 on every $1,000 you spend abroad.
Another option is to preload a "chip and PIN" Travelex Cash Passport for no-fee purchases. The chip in the card also allows you to tap automated kiosks for subway and train tickets, which is a time-saver if there are long lines at the ticket counter.
Forget about pricey taxis, and instead get around on transit using discounted tickets or passes. In New York City, for example, buying a $10 pass gets you $10.70 worth of subway rides, which equals five rides. An unlimited seven-day pass runs $29.
Compare that to a Big Apple taxi, which charges a base fare of $2.50, and 40 cents for each subsequent one-fifth of a mile or every 60 seconds in slow traffic.
Given the important role transit plays for most who live in Gotham, riding the subway can also be part of the cultural experience of the trip, according to Joel Fan, president and founder of LuckyChic.com.
"If you're going to New York City, the subway is historic," he says. "You really get a flavor for the area, and you save money."
Municipal bike-rental programs are even better for your personal health, as well as your bank account. For a minimal daily or weekly charge, these services are usually free to access for short hops. Capital Bikeshare in Washington D.C., for example, charges a membership fee of $5 for a 24-hour period, with no charge for the first half-hour of each rental. A five-day pass is just $15.
Smart calling only
Avoid the high cost of being connected via your smartphone by only checking your email in Wi-Fi zones, especially when traveling overseas. You can save hundreds of dollars' worth in data charges from your carrier in this way.
Similarly, if you're headed out of the U.S., use Google Voice or Skype on your smartphone or laptop to make free calls to U.S. numbers and low-cost calls to foreign ones. For example, dialing a French landline on Google Voice costs 2 cents per minute and a mobile call 15 cents per minute, while AT&T's cheapest rate for international calls to France is 99 cents per minute.
Your smartphone can also be a savings tool if you tap applications, such as GasBuddy, which identifies the lowest-price filling stations; ATM Hunter, a location finder for ATMs that you can use to find your own bank's ATMs; and Scoutmob, a new coupon app for restaurants and shops in cities across the country.
"With the massive number of apps and instant Web access available on the major phone platforms, saving money on the road has never been easier," Fan says.
The happiest hours
Spend less on meals without depriving yourself by preparing breakfast in your room, using Restaurant.com or other sites for discount certificates, and working the clock by opting for a heavier meal at lunch or partaking in early evening or late-night happy hour specials.
"If you're going to a foodie town, a restaurant that's pricey for dinner will have the same master chef for all the meals," says Teri Gault, CEO and founder of TheGroceryGame.com. "You get a good sampling at lunch, the same quality and some of the same items, for sometimes half as much as dinner."
Dinner at a neighborhood pub or individually owned restaurant offers another kind of twofer: inexpensive, good food and a chance to mingle with locals. To find such places, don't ask the concierge for advice, but chat up a local storeowner, rental car clerk or hotel maid, or visit social review websites such as Chowhound or Yelp.
"It's good to hear from locals what's good," Gault says. "You stay away from tourist traps, that's for sure."
Plan your schedule around free museum days, inquire about last-minute discount tickets for performances, and explore free parks and other no- or low-cost attractions.
Every major city and many smaller ones have freebie museums. Among them are the British national museums in London and other cities, the Smithsonian institution in Washington, D.C., and most National Park Service sites, notably the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall in Philadelphia.
In addition, Paris' Louvre, Musee d'Orsay and other major museums are free on the first Sunday of each month, and the City of Lights also offers free access to many small, but still worthwhile sites, including Victor Hugo's house and the Petit Palais.
Finally, the great outdoors, from New York's Central Park to Rome's Villa Borghese Gardens to Hong Kong Park, is almost always free and a source for relaxation, recreation and yet another way to experience how the locals live.
Discount attractions
You can bring down the high cost of aquariums, zoos and other kid-friendly attractions by using CityPass, which promises up to 50 percent off the regular admission of major attractions in nine U.S. cities and Southern California.
SmartDestinations.com's Go Select program is a similar concept offered in five U.S. cities that allows you to assemble your own pass for up to 36 percent off regular prices. A package for San Diego for Legoland, the San Diego Zoo and a two-hour harbor cruise costs $111.30, a 17 percent discount on the gate price of $134.
For the theater and other cultural offerings, London and New York are well-known for their half-price ticket booths, but you can find virtual ways to snag cheap tickets. For instance, Philadelphia offers a weekly FunSavers email with savings of up to 50 percent on local theater, dance, music performances and other events.
Despite the importance of making every vacation dollar count, don't forget why you wanted to get away in the first place.
"If you really want to save money, have a staycation and stay home," Fan says. "We're still coming out of this great recession, so you want to be aware of saving, but you also want to have a good time without compromising."
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BBC Three: Young Gardener of the Year
CALLING ALL YOUNG GARDENERS
The search is back on for the UK's top young talent.
Young Gardener of the Year is part of a series that celebrates the working heroes of Great Britain.
This year we're on the lookout for Young Gardener aged 16-25. This is an opportunity for people other than dancers, singers and entertainers to finally step into the limelight. We want to showcase the unsung heroes at the heart of Britain.
If you are a talented young Gardener or know someone who fits the bill, then we want to hear from you.
We are looking for someone who is a true ambassador for their trade, up for a challenge and wants to showcase their skills!
email: youngtalent@bbc.co.uk
Or call: 0161 244 3716
Closing Date for Applications 5th August 2011
Standard geographic charges apply and calls may be included in your telecom provider's call package. Calls from mobiles may be higher
A new home for Parks & Gardens UK with Hestercombe Gardens Trust
Parks & Gardens UK is entering an exciting phase in its development at its new home with the Hestercombe Gardens Trust.
30 Sep 2016 News
Gardens Trusts' volunteers uncover a mine of Capability Brown research
Press release 22 September 2016We are delighted to announce that substantial research on 179 parks and gardens by celebrated landscape designer Lancelot 'Capability' Brown has now been made avail.
Search to find 'UK's Best Park' launched by Fields in Trust
Press release A nationwide search to find the country's favourite local green space nominated and selected by public vote Do you think that your local park, playground or playing field is the best in.


On-time Self Assessment returns breaks the record once again
by admin | 5, 02 2018 | News
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) has once again surpassed its record of completed tax returns with a huge 10.7 million customers submitting theirs before the 31 January deadline.
Proving increasingly popular with its handy tips and helpful advice, the department's online service was used by 9.9 million customers –meaning more than 92.5% of total returns were completed online.
There were 758,707 people who completed their return on the last day before the deadline and the most popular hour for customers to hit submit was from 4pm to 5pm on 31 January with 60,596 returns received (1010 per minute, 17 per second).
Thousands of customers avoided any penalties at the last minute as 30,348 customers completed their returns from 11pm to 11:59pm yesterday.
HMRC handled 195,260 calls over the course of the day but waiting times were kept at just three minutes and six seconds, meaning that hundreds of thousands of customers got the extra support they needed to meet the deadline.
Angela MacDonald, Director General for Customer Services, thanked customers for meeting the deadline and said:
"It's really fantastic to see that each year, more and more Self Assessment customers are getting ahead of the game and submitting their tax return before the 31 January deadline. But we're not complacent, we want the number missing the deadline to be zero, and we'll continue to adapt the process to make it easier and simpler for all our customers until every return is in on time and without avoidable errors.
"If you're one of the small number that missed the deadline, please submit your return now to avoid further penalties. We really don't want penalties, we just want tax returns."
For anyone who still has not submitted their return, help and advice is available on GOV.UK or from the Self Assessment helpline on 0300 200 3310 (open 8am to 8pm, Monday to Friday, and 8am to 4pm on Saturday).


The Plot and the Location news - The Henchmen
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The Henchmen
AlessioForlante | TBD
The Henchmen is a 90s fueled, Tarantino inspired, story driven, top down, action open world retro game.
Post news Report RSS	The Plot and the Location
In this article, I will talk about the plot and location of the game
Posted by AlessioForlante on Sep 17th, 2019
Hello everyone! This time we're talking about the City in which the game takes place, and we're going to talk about the Plot of the game.
The Henchmen is set in both the late 1970s and early 1990s in the fictional American city of New Queens, as you partake in the gang conflicts that dominate the city from a different point of views.
Many parties want to have control of the city, and gangs rise and fall with the passing of the years.
A key character in the city (and the game itself) is Anthony Castellano, the head of the Castellano Mafia family: He has the uttermost control on the drugs, weapon and the sex rings in the city: If you step into the city, you step in his territory.
During the mid 70s the Yakuza managed to get some grip on the city under the command of Homura, a man who nobody seems to know anything about, and has since then become Castellano's number one enemy by taking control of some of his territories and starting production of their own crack, which is then sold on the street competing with Castellano's imported drugs.
Other parties also exist and they too want a piece of this violent cake: The Irish and the Mexican Cartel produce products outside of the city, which get then imported in New Queens and sold to Castellano, Who gets them circulating on the streets, where ulterior conflicts arise: both the upstate and downstate (temporary, placeholder gang names) want to be the only ones to have the privilege of selling the drugs on the street for either Castellano or The Yakuza, depending on who destroys the other first.
Of course, the control of the city shifts between the game's two timelines, but that is for you, the player, to discover once the game is out.
As mentioned earlier, you get to play different characters, who have their own different stories united by the criminal underworld of New Queen:
One point of view is Rachel's, a young single mother woman who wants to leave the world of crime for the safety of her daughter, but is in too deep to leave, as both she and her partner Leo, (a man who hasn't got much going for him other than his job) are Castellano's best Henchmen.
You will also get to play as Slim and Playboy, two one-bit gangsters who feel are on a climb to become the next feared, city-ruling gangsters, but can't even manage to pay for their weed.
There are also Ichiro and Mitsuko's pov, as they are Homura's son and daughter, and his most valued assets.
This game is heavily story-driven, and for a good story, you will need an experienced writer: enter Tiziano Ottaviani, our second main team member. Tiziano runs an Italian storytelling blog "Scripta" and is currently finishing the first book out of 6 of his massive fantasy novel "Saga" (that's the name of the book by the way): Tiziano works on the story and dialogues, lifting a weight from me as I work on pretty much everything else and simultaneously does a better job at it than I ever could.
Sufficed to say, we are incredibly excited on the prospect of having you guys experience what we're building.
Other than main story missions, there will be more activities, of which we will talk about in later articles.
The real protagonist in every open-world game is, well, the world. So let's talk about it.
As mentioned before, New Queens is a fictional city: a generalization of America's metropolises, a blank state for our narrative to unfold: unlike other games, such as Grand Theft Auto, New Queens is not a parody of a real, existing city.
The city is divided into multiple neighborhoods and three main districts: The Industrial district (currently named Greypoint Flats), The commercial district (Currently called Kingford Heights) and the Suburban district (currently called Laguna Hills) While the city isn't very big, each building is handcrafted with their own unique textures and meshes: what this means is you will very rarely find two buildings that look alike or share assets.
We are also designing streets in such a way to increase the perceived size of the level, and we are trying to avoid very long streets that cover a relatively big part of the city. This technique is very important, as it is what made maps that are actually pretty small feel huge: Rockstar Games did this beautifully with PS2-era GTA games, as many people even today swear that GTA: San Andreas had a bigger map than GTA V.
Screenshot: The City map turned out one-year-old this month, as the work on the city was started in early September 2018. This is a screenshot of last year versus now.
New Queens is currently around 50% complete, as every building and road exists, but most of the city is completely devoid of details. This is also the reason why, in the videos and screenshots we've released, we have only shown the same area of the city.
This is all for now, if you're interested in the game
you can leave a like www.facebook.com/TheHenchmenGame , follow me on twitter @alessioforlante, join our discord community discord.gg/sugd98N or just follow us on moddb.com
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Voices (Annals of the Western Shore) by Ursula K Le Guin
Buy Voices (Annals of the Western Shore) by Ursula K Le Guin at Amazon.co.uk or Amazon.com
Category: Teens
Reviewer: Magda Healey
Summary: A coming of age story in a well realised fantasy setting, this novel deals with cultural differences and prejudices that breed hate and contempt; has a strong female lead and great supporting characters and comes highly recommended for all readers aged 12 and upwards.
Pages: 472 Date: May 2007
Publisher: Orion Children's Books
Quite a few of LeGuin's books are shelved in children/young readers sections of the libraries. I don't really know why it is so, as her tales are universally readable, enjoyable and there is nothing childish or simplistic about them - in some ways they are more grown up that many supposedly adult examples of fantasy (and no, I don't mean Gor). They certainly have a universal appeal, as "proper" myths, fairly tales and legends often do.
The narrator and heroine of Voices is a teenager, though: Memer, a child of rape conceived during an invasion of the beautiful and peace-loving merchant city of Ansul by the Alds of the desert. The events described in Voices take part 17 years after the invasion, though the background of the story is given in the first chapter or so. Such background-giving often feels forced in books, and is often overdone in fantasy and s-f where there is a whole world to explain, and boy, don't the authors explain away; but LeGuin weaves it seamlessly into the wholeness of Memer's tale - it's natural and very much in place.
Alds are monotheistic, fanatical and warlike; they worship a fire god and have an official priestly caste; women are not treated as equals in their society but get locked away. But most of all, they mistrust and hate writing: the books and the reading are banned under their rule. Memer is living in the house of the old Waylord of Ansul: now half-broken with Alds' torture, but still retaining some authority of his old office and of his family which has been living and guarding Galvamead for generations. People bring them books they rescued to their house and when the travelling poet Orrec with his wife Gry who walks with a desert lion come to Ansul, they stay at Galvamead. The subverted people of Ansul are finally gathering strength to regain their freedom: a new generation has grown and all they need is a spark.
LeGuin's writing reminds me of Margaret Atwood, in fact Atwood herself is quoted praising LeGuin's writing quality on the back cover. It's measured, compact prose; wise and clear, quiet but powerful. But as befits her genre, LeGuin is a teller of tales, and there is something very female - not feminine by any means - about her writing: the use of female leading characters which behave and think like women, the concentration on the social aspects of the worlds she describes, but also the continuing exploration of the interplay between male and female in the society and in the individual. In Voices this is rather obvious in the contrast between the Alds and the people from Ansul, the warriors and the traders, the (vaguely) democratic and the (tribal) autocratic.
Voices is a coming of age tale, with the main character young, hot headed and full of promise, but also full of hatred and rage, unsure of herself and erring but willing to admit to mistakes, take shame and guilt and learn from them. There are powerful mother and father figures: the Waylord is a spiritual and intellectual father, with his own fragilities but ultimately at his most impressive when admitting to the weakness. It's his responsibilities that Memer will, eventually, have to take after mastering her own fears. In a strange reversal of sexual stereotypes, the Waylord stands for tradition, for staying put, for connection to the place, to the source. It's Gry the companion of a wandering poet, she who can speak to animals and somehow also read Memer's feelings and thoughts that becomes a mother (or maybe an older sister) figure; but she is also a sign of a dynamic challenge, beacon of freedom, the need to travel away in order to come back.
The conflict between the Alds and the people of Ansul is at the heart of the story, though. It's about hate based on lack of knowledge and lack of knowledge and understanding breeding contempt, hate and violence. It shows how myths and ungrounded attitudes are perpetrated and reinforced when people from two cultures live in one place but live separate lives, without making effort to know and understand each other: and how difficult this can be when one of the groups is an occupying force still remembered for death, rape and pillage it wrecked while the other is seen as immoral, depraved and tainted by evil spirits. I couldn't help but think that there was some topical allusions in LeGuin's choice of religions and societal lifestyles to differentiate Alds and their subordinates: the warrior tribe full of insecure men in constant fear and competition with each other, their monotheistic religion based on the idea that all the others forms of sacredness worship evil, the perception of women who are free to walk about and speak up as sexually impure, the pursuit of holiness and desire to eradicate demons.
All of this is described through Memer's eyes and thus is a fresh, subjective, emotional view. The denouement achieved via the combination of mystical powers intervening and reasoned self-interest is somehow a little bit too optimistic for my expectations, but to give it its due, it felt like a hard achieved goal rather and I think is overall appropriate for a book targeted at a younger audience.
I highly recommend Voices for pretty much everybody but the most cynical and jaded decadents. For an adult, it will provide an entertaining, gentle read with an engaging main character, clear but not preachy message and a pleasure derived from an encounter with another world whose geographic, social and mystical realities can be explored. The fantasy setting should really not bother anybody unless you are totally allergic to anything beyond classic realism. The novel is eminently suitable for younger readers too, although the lack of high-octane non-stop action might put off younger readers, especially boys: but a well-read 12 year old could easily enjoy it. It's a part of The Annals of the Western Shore but it's a stand alone complete tale, linked by some characters and the world they are set in but perfectly readable on its own (and in my opinion better than the preceding Gifts).
Lene Kaaberbol's Silverhorse is brilliant fantasy thriller for younger teens, also touching on questions of gender and power with a strong female lead. Michael Swanwick's The Iron Dragon's Daughter is an altogether darker and rougher coming of age story with striking emotional intensity which deals with loneliness, sexuality and love; it is set in a rather nightmarish Faerie and perhaps better kept for older teens.
You can read more book reviews or buy Voices (Annals of the Western Shore) by Ursula K Le Guin at Amazon.co.uk Amazon currently charges £2.99 for standard delivery for orders under £20, over which delivery is free.
You can read more book reviews or buy Voices (Annals of the Western Shore) by Ursula K Le Guin at Amazon.com.
Retrieved from "http://www.thebookbag.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Voices_(Annals_of_the_Western_Shore)_by_Ursula_K_Le_Guin&oldid=128805"
Ursula K Le Guin
Reviewed by Magda Healey


Phillips 66 reports workforce cuts
Nathan Thompson @nthompsonEE
Fewer than 100 employees in Houston, Bartlesville impacted
A Phillips 66 spokesman confirmed Friday that workforce reductions have occurred this week in Bartlesville and Houston.
Dennis Nuss, director of media and external relations for Phillips 66, said the round of reductions is minimal for the company's main offices in Houston and Bartlesville, and no further workforce reductions are expected to occur this year.
"Phillips 66 can confirm that workforce reductions have taken place as part of our business transformation program," Nuss said in a statement Friday. "Fewer than 100 employees overall were impacted. Most of the affected employees were at our Houston or Bartlesville locations. We do not anticipate any further planned reductions in 2018."
The Examiner-Enterprise reported the workforce-reduction plan on July 24 when Phillips 66 Chairman/CEO Greg Garland visited Bartlesville.
Phillips 66 is in the process of making changes to the midstream, downstream and marketing company as part of the "AdvantEDGE" program to provide stability for the future, Garland said. The plan will keep Phillips 66 a healthy and viable company for decades to come, he said.
Part of the "AdvantEDGE" program includes strategies to transform some business units into digitally-based and technology-based assets, Garland said. The modernization and streamlining will impact current job responsibilities across Phillips 66's global locations, including Bartlesville.
Phillips 66's employs approximately 2,000 people in Bartlesville and 14,000 employees globally. Garland said the community should be prepared for additional changes. Some of the reductions, Garland said, will be dealt with through natural attrition.
"It's probably premature for me to say what the number is going to be, but it will be a number that will move over time as we think about it," Garland said on July 24. "I also mentioned we're running like twice the attrition rates we would normally run. Part of that is a great economy and people being able to go to work. Partly it is from people choosing to retire, but when we are running the attrition rates we are running, that really mitigates the amount of people."
Garland said Phillips 66 has a program available for employees who might be impacted by work elimination, the company tries to redeploy people into other job functions. He said that is a big part of the process that the company is exploring now.
"As we go through [2018, 2019 and 2020], this is a journey that we are on with no definitive end-point for us," Garland said. "I think the world will always continue to change, but the important thing for us is that we are trying to set the company up to be successful for the next 100 years."
Even with the changes in job functions and responsibilities, Garland said Phillips 66 is committed to Bartlesville and the overall health of the company's presence in the area.


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Anti-Violence Advocates Against Deportation Statement at NY City Council Committee on Immigration Hearing on 10/15/14
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on October 21, 2014 in News, Policy Advocacy, Publications and Resources
New York City Council Committee on Immigration October 15, 2014 Hearing Anti-Violence Advocates Against Deportation Testimony in support of Int. 0487-2014 Anti-Violence Advocates Against Deportation antiviolencenyc@gmail.com My name is Juana Peralta from the Sylvia Rivera Law Project. I am reading the statement of the Anti-Violence Advocates Coalition Against Deportation which is based on our letter […]
SRLP & Anti-Violence Advocates Against Deportation Coalition Testify at City Hall
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on October 21, 2014 in News, Policy Advocacy
Since 2011, the Sylvia Rivera Law Project has been hard at work with a coalition of organizations in New York City, the Anti-Violence Advocates Against Deportation Coalition, to shine a light and put a stop on the abuse caused by ICE's collaboration with local law enforcement in New York. Last week, SRLP Director of Outreach […]
Photos & History: SRLP From 2002 to Today!
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on July 28, 2014 in News, SRLP News
So much to do and so much to celebrate! Here is a brief history of our victories, not to mention all of the community events, daily legal services, and collaboration with our partners and allies! 2002 SRLP began as a one-person fellowship project at the Urban Justice Center. 2003 SRLP wins victory in Doe v. Bell, establishing […]
SRLP's Pooja Gehi on the Criminal-Immigration System on Out-FM
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on May 4, 2014 in News
The rapidly expanding collaboration between police and immigration authorities has a devastating impact on low-income queer and transgender immigrant communities. Federal programs such as "Secure Communities" (S-Comm) and the Criminal Alien Program, which effectively bring immigration authorities into every precinct and jail, have greatly increased the risk of deportation. Because of profiling, criminalization and stereotyping, […]
LGBTQ Organizations Urge NYC Council to Override Mayor Bloomberg's Opposition to Ban Discriminatory NYPD Profiling
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on July 30, 2013 in Action Alert, News, Press Release
From Streetwise & Safe and the New York City Anti-Violence Project, for more info check out the Streetwise & Safe post here! — Dear New York City Council, We commend the New York City Council for leading the way toward putting an end to discriminatory policing of all of our communities by passing a comprehensive […]
COMMUNITY FORUM ON NYPD PATROL GUIDE CHANGES
By Sylvia Rivera Law Project on October 23, 2012 in Events, News, SRLP News
Want to know more about recent changes to the NYPD's policies for interactions with transgender & gender non conforming people? Join us for a community forum on October 25th at 7pm! Find out what these changes mean for our community! What: a history of the community organizing and advocacy that has led to this victory […]


Episode 18: "The Necklace" & "Found on a Drowned Man," by Guy de Maupassant
This week, join host Shawn Ennis as he narrates two short stories by a master of the genre, Guy de Maupassant! As a side note, these are the first stories we've done on the show that were not originally published in English. How much French will you hear? Can Shawn even do a French accent? There's only one way to...
Review Music: "Funky Energy Loop," by Kevin MacLeod
Intro/Outro: "Facile" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
In-Story:...
Episode 17: Stories from Reddit
This week, join host Shawn Ennis in discovering three authors with original sci-fi stories from the r/shortstories subreddit on Reddit.com! Don't miss "The Great Surface," "#NotAllGhosts," and "Subject C!"
0:00 – Intro, leave a review and contact the show!
2:40 – Intro to this week's stories and authors
4:15...
Review Music: "City Sunshine," by Kevin MacLeod
"The Great Surface"
Intro/Outro: "Action Strike," by Rafael Krux
All sound effects recorded in-studio or provided by
Episode 16: "The Empty House," by Algernon Blackwood
For as long as there have been bumps in the night, there have been haunted house stories. This week, we've got a great one for you. If you're not familiar with Algernon Blackwood, you're getting quite the introduction with his timeless story, "The Empty House," which tells the story of a house that is anything...


When our company grows, it's cause for celebration – and we have a lot to celebrate! Jolie will be opening her own Vital Peak Marketing Group office in North LA, dramatically increasing the size of our team and the reach of our operations. Jolie's been a leader on our team for a long time, and we're looking forward to watching as she tackles a new frontier.
Along with the growth that comes with Jolie opening a new office, we've also added five new brands to our portfolio. Sarah, President of Vital Peak Marketing Group, is extremely excited about these new ventures. There will be a lot of time spent training for these campaigns, and that's a big part of Sarah's enthusiasm: we love learning and have mastered the art of making our training initiatives lots of fun.
Of course, while we're opening new offices and learning about our new partners, we'll continue to do all the things that have helped make us such a powerhouse in dynamic marketing. Travel, team nights, and maintaining a positive and supportive office culture will still be top priorities, because they are indispensable elements of the Vital Peak Marketing Group experience.
We're looking forward to an invigorating year of growth, learning, and success. Follow our firm on Twitter to keep up with Ivanna's expansion and to see what new brands we partner with in the future.
When our company grows, it's cause for celebration – and we have a lot to celebrate! Jolie will be opening […]


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2018 N-SSATS State Profiles
N-SSATS | National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services
Report Type: State Report
These state profiles includes data from facilities that reported to N-SSATS for the survey reference date March 30, 2018. The N-SSATS collects data on the location, characteristics, services offered, and number of clients (collected every other year) in treatment at alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities (public and private) throughout...
2018 N-MHSS State Profiles
N-MHSS | National Mental Health Services Survey
These state profiles includes data from facilities that reported to N-MHSS for the survey reference date April 30, 2018. The N-MHSS collects data on the location, characteristics, services offered, and number of clients (collected every other year) in treatment at mental health treatment facilities (public and private) throughout the 50...
These state profiles include data from facilities that reported to N-SSATS for the survey reference date March 29, 2019. The N-SSATS collects data on the location, characteristics, services offered, and number of clients (collected every other year) in treatment at alcohol and drug abuse treatment facilities (public and private) throughout...
These state profiles include data from facilities that reported to N-MHSS for the survey reference date April 30, 2019. The N-MHSS collects data on the location, characteristics, services offered, and number of clients (collected every other year) in treatment at mental health treatment facilities (public and private) throughout the 50...
Behavioral Health Barometer: Region 7, Volume 6
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region VII of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth mental health and treatment...
Part of the Behavioral Health Barometer: HHS Regions, Volume 6 Collection
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region VI of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental...
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region V of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth mental health and treatment...
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region IV of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth mental health and treatment...
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region II of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental...
This is a behavioral health report for HHS Region I of the United States and utilizes data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment (N-SSATS), collected annually. The topics addressed in the reports include youth substance use, youth mental...


About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Did you know that one in every one hundred people is affected by what is known as carpal tunnel syndrome at some point in their life? While commonly found in women in the thirty to fifty-year age range, carpal tunnel syndrome can affect nearly anyone, from assembly line workers, to surgeons and dentists, to secretaries and computer data entry personnel, to even those who play musical instruments or video games.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a very painful and progressive condition that occurs in the wrist, caused by compression to the median nerve. The median nerve runs into the hand starting from the forearm, and when it is squeezed or pressed at the wrist, the message carrying and receiving from the brain is inhibited.
The name carpal tunnel syndrome, however, comes from the eight bones in our wrists that are known as carpals. They form a tunnel-like structure, hence the term "carpal tunnel syndrome."
Compression of the tunnel walls is the most basic of causes of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Other factors, such as congential predispostion and even trauma based injury can also be to blame. Carpal tunnel syndrome can develop quickly, especially if the wrist has been fractured or injured or rheumatoid arthritis has set in. In many cases, repetitve stress induced carpal tunnel strain can cause the syndrome, especially in those who spend a great deal of time typing.
Symptoms of carpal tunnel can include tingling, numbness, and burning in the fingers, as well as the inability to make a fist or grip things. A person eventually loses the ability to squeeze things and may even find it hard to tie their shoes. In the most extreme cases of carpal tunnel syndrome, the patients are unable to determine hot or cold by touch.
Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome is available. Most physicians will advise against repetitive and exhaustive activities related to hand movement. Stretching exercises and medicines like corticosteroids can help in relieving the syndrome. However, if the condition worsens, surgery may be the only available course of treatment.
If you feel as though you may be suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, you should consult your physician immediately to discuss symptoms and treatment options.
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Volgend berichtVolgende About Cerebral Palsy


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Something Imaginary
Trisha Low
On Michael Seidenberg: 1954–2019
Dan Chung, Brandon Harris, Sarah Leonard
Tanks for Nothing
Nausicaa Renner
A discussion of criticism presented by The Baffler
A. S. Hamrah at Pioneer Works
Caleb Crain
The Chemists
Fiction and Drama
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The following is an excerpt from Caleb Crain's first novel, Necessary Errors, out next Tuesday, July 6. Crain's novella "Sweet Grafton" appeared in Issue 6.
Melinda held up a folded letter. "I have my original introduction to the institute here. It says nothing about you, of course, but I find that it's often of service to have a piece of paper of some kind, even if it isn't strictly speaking pertinent."
She was passing on to Jacob an English class that she had been teaching privately. The students were research chemists. Without meaning to, she had spontaneously privatized the lessons a month and a half before, by threatening to quit; the chemists had coaxed her to stay by offering to pay her in cash out of their own pockets.
In the lobby the floor was black marble, and there was an abstract brass sculpture, loopy and gobby, which, it occurred to Jacob, may have referred to the different shapes that electrons' orbits are supposed to have: s, p, d, f. A small, thin man with flat blond hair rose from a banquette to greet them.
"Hello," the man said, careful to give the English o the color that it didn't have in Czech. "This is your friend?"
"My replacement, superior in every way. Ivan, Jacob. Jacob, Ivan."
"We are hearing many good things about you," Ivan continued. "We are very excited for your lessons."
"I hope I don't disappoint you too badly."
"Pardon?" For a moment the man was at a loss. "Ah, you are joking, I see." He laughed politely.
"He's an excellent teacher," Melinda interposed, and then, sotto voce, appearing to mumble to herself as she looked again into her purse, instructed Jacob: "No irony quite yet, darling." Then, in a clearer voice: "Say, Ivan, I do have this letter still, if you think it will be of use."
"Letter?" He glanced at it to puzzle out her meaning. "Oh, it will not be necessary. It is now a private arrangement." He named the sum that the chemists were willing to pay for an hour's lesson. Melinda had told Jacob the number in advance. It seemed almost too generous: if Jacob taught the chemists once a week, they would be paying him almost a third of what he earned at school. But Melinda had assured him that this was now the going rate for private English lessons.
"Brilliant," Melinda said. "I shall abandon you to their mercies now, Jacob. Take good care of him, Ivan."
"So soon?" Jacob asked. He meant for the question to sound humorous.
"Don't worry, they're awfully chatty," she reassured him. "They'll scarcely even let you teach them." They embraced, and she was gone.
"Please," Ivan said, and escorted Jacob down a hall. They walked past several signs forbidding visitors, past the entrance to what seemed to be a cafeteria, and through a set of double doors into a large conference room.
A gaudy, mildly asymmetric chandelier of chrome and glass, which would not have looked out of place at the top of a Christmas tree in an American shopping mall, hung over a long oval table of dark-stained maple. The bulbs of the chandelier were reflected dully in the table's polish, and as Ivan led Jacob to the front of the room, this irregular constellation slid along the surface as if following him. The eyes of the institute's chemists also followed. The chemists were sitting in deep, leather-cushioned chairs, winged with side headrests like the chairs of astronauts in movies. Ivan, who looked about thirty, seemed to be one of the youngest in the group. The oldest, in their seventies at least, wore white lab coats and were sitting together at the table's far end; they politely suspended a conversation as Jacob entered. Thick curtains blocked the daylight from a row of tall windows. Behind Jacob there were carefully washed blackboards.
"This is a nice room," Jacob said, trying to make the best of its heaviness.
"It was the director's, but we have no director now," said a tiny old man. His hair, dyed black, was neatly parted and combed, and the frames of his glasses were made of black plastic and steel. As he spoke, in a high and for a Czech unusually musical voice, with an almost German accent, he gestured with his liver-spotted hands. "Now it is the people's."
"Not the people's," corrected a man in his forties a few seats to the right of Jacob. He was wearing a suit that actually seemed to fit him, but he slouched in his chair and as he spoke scowled at his notebook like a teenager, as perhaps the effort of speaking English made him feel that he was.
"The people's of chemistry!" the old man revised, and there were chuckles around the room, and whispers of surreptitious translation.
Ivan posed a grammatical question: "Is it correct to say 'the people's of chemistry'? Or should it be 'the people of chemistry's'?"
Jacob repeated the two phrases aloud. "Neither, actually," he decided, and the chemists laughed as if this were a great joke. "I'd get around it by saying, 'It belongs to the people of chemistry.' Or, 'it's the scientists' rather than the administrators'.'"
"The administrators," the man in the nice suit echoed, still scowling, as if Jacob had just taught him the name of his enemies.
"This room is too fine for science," said a plump old woman. She spoke very slowly, summoning up each word with a separate breath. The room was obliged to wait for her, and Jacob felt the pity that one feels when an older person tests a group's patience without meaning to. The many lines in her face were soft and hesitant, like her voice. "We will ruin it," she continued, "with our dirty fingers." When she reached the last word, she smiled with relief at having finished and with pleasure at her own joke.
"What did they keep in the cabinets?" asked another chemist, swiveling in his chair with childish speed to point at a wall of them at the back of the room. The abstract quality of speech in a foreign language seemed to be making them giddy.
"Bones!" cried the tiny old man.
"The bones of the people of chemistry," said the man in the nice suit.
"The bones," the tiny old man resumed, in a further refinement, "of former administrators!"
Jacob asked the chemists to introduce themselves. They gave their first names, listening to one another attentively, while he jotted down a seating chart. The tiny old man was named Bohumil; the plump old woman, Zdenka; and the man in the suit, Pavel. Some spoke English brokenly; others, fluently, even expressively. Pavel, for example, spoke it as easily as he wore his suit, but with a certain brusqueness, as if his ease with such surfaces was an accomplishment he had until recently been holding back, and he still suspected that he could be attacked for it. Whenever he spoke, in the hour that followed, his scowl caused Jacob to worry that he was losing patience with the lesson, but Pavel never said anything to confirm this interpretation.
Jacob chose a lesson he had recently given to one of his intermediate classes, about the way word order changes when a question is embedded in another sentence. The chemists listened to a taped dialogue; they read from photocopied pages that Jacob passed around. As an exercise, they were then to take turns acting out a simple dialogue in pairs. One person was to ask his partner about an item, and then the partner was to ask why he was asking.
Jacob had learned the language teacher's trick of selecting prompt words with an unexpected relevance. "The potatoes," he prompted Ivan, who, proud of his role as Jacob's escort, had seated himself beside Jacob.
"Frank, do you have the potatoes?" Ivan asked, anglicizing his neighbor's name.
František, an older man, considered. "Why are you asking," he began, and looked to Jacob, who nodded in encouragement, "me," and waited for a second nod, "if I have the potatoes?"
"Great," Jacob said.
"Because I cannot buy them in the store," Ivan answered.
"The data," Jacob said, hoping it was a word that the chemists used in their workaday conversations.
"Pavel, do you have the data?" asked a woman who, though young and pretty, wore a white lab coat as otherwise only the older chemists did.
"Why are you asking if I have the data?" Pavel returned, and he gave the line a hint of petulance, as if he really were a well-dressed man bickering with an attractive woman.
"Because the instruments are not accurate," the woman said. The group hadn't been expecting an extra line of dialogue from her, and they laughed.
"Pardon me," said Pavel. "Can you say, please, what is the difference between 'accurate' and another word, 'precise'?"
"What the difference is," Jacob corrected, to stall for time.
"Ah yes. It is a question inside a sentence. Then, can you say what the difference is?"
Jacob felt the chemists' eyes studying him. "Precise. Accurate," he repeated, but he couldn't hear the answer in his own voice, as he sometimes could. "Is there a difference?" he asked himself aloud.
"A colleague told me, that there was a difference," Pavel said. He sounded anxious, as if he were afraid that Jacob might call his question foolish.
The room fell silent. Jacob wondered if it was a test. It occurred to him that since the chemists were paying him out of their own pockets, they had a right to find out if he knew what he was talking about. This might be the first time any of them had tried to exercise such a right.
"The colleague and I were discussing a number," Pavel continued, all the while frowning. He did not look willing to release Jacob from the question. "I said that the number was accurate. He said, Yes, of course, but is it precise?"
Jacob saw the answer now, and in his relief also saw his questioner more clearly. Pavel's hands were trembling. His question was a sort of public confession. He had been left at a disadvantage in a contest with another man, and he had carried the memory of the conversation with him for a long time afterward, the way a child carries a parent's incautious remark if she senses that the parent will be reluctant to explain. He was not trying to test Jacob. He was hoping that Jacob would be able to pull the sting.
Jacob came up with an example. "Suppose that my temperature is thirty-nine point two." He wrote the number on the blackboard. "If my thermometer says forty-one"—he wrote that number on the blackboard and then crossed it out—"it's not accurate. If it says thirty-nine,"—he wrote a 39 beneath the crossed-out 41—"then it's accurate but not precise." He then added a decimal point and a 2 after the 39, and circled the full number. "But a reading of thirty-nine point two is accurate and precise. Thirty-nine point two five would be even more precise. And so on."
Pavel nodded. There was a buzzing at either side of him as the words for temperature and thermometer were translated and as the scientists reminded one another that American numerals had periods where Czech numerals had commas.
Ivan raised his hand. "And if the thermometer says forty-one point seven eight, it is precise but not accurate?"
A few moments ago they had doubted Jacob; now he was in danger of becoming their oracle. "No," Jacob pronounced. "I would know what you meant if you said that, but no. A precise measurement is always an accurate one."
Pavel fell back into his astronaut's chair. "I am accurate when I say that the words 'precise' and 'accurate' are the same. But I am more precise when I say, that they are different."
The pretty young woman beside Pavel held her head for a few moments in perplexity. She dropped her hands into her lap when she understood. —That's it, she congratulated him in Czech.
"Let's get back to the exercise," Jacob said, and they allowed him to return their attention to word order in interrogative relative clauses.
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Issue 14 Awkward Age
Theory might be most interesting not when it changes the form of fiction, but when it becomes an uneasy part of fiction's content.
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It turned out that in the basement, behind a locked door, he ran a side business that sold mail-order XXX-rated videos.
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No more electoral college; no more red, blue, swing; no more U.S.A. . . this thing isn't working.
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Daughters of the Dust
Director: Julie Dash	Run Time: 112 min. Release Year: 1991
At the dawn of the 20th century, a multi-generational family in the Gullah community on the Sea Islands off of South Carolina – former West African slaves who adopted many of their ancestors' Yoruba traditions – struggle to maintain their cultural heritage and folklore while contemplating a migration to the mainland, even further from their roots.
Cohen Media Group is proud to present this restoration of director Julie Dash's landmark film "Daughters of the Dust." The first wide release by a black female filmmaker, "Daughters of the Dust" was met with wild critical acclaim and rapturous audience response when it initially opened in 1991. Casting a long legacy, "Daughters of the Dust" still resonates today, most recently as a major in influence on Beyonce's video album "Lemonade." Restored (in conjunction with UCLA) for the first time with proper color grading overseen by cinematographer AJ Jafa, audiences will finally see the film exactly as Julie Dash intended.


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The Tanzania Episcopal Conference (TEC) is a permanent institution which is the Assembly of the Bishops of Tanzania whereby according to the norm of law, certain pastoral functions are jointly exercised on behalf of Christ's faithful in view of promoting that greater good which the Church offers to all people especially through forms and programs of the apostolate which are fittingly adapted to the circumstances of our time and country.
In 1956 the Conference decided that time had come in Tanganyika to establish formally a national organization of all Bishops and to open permanent central office in the capital of Dar es Salaam. The organization was then officially born in the name of Tanganyika CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE (TCWC).
The activities of the organization were vested in six departments or sections namely: Education, Medicine, Social Welfare, Publicity, Legal Affairs and Insurance.
In the October 1957 Statutes of the organization were in place and the name changed from Tanganyika Catholic Welfare Conference to become Tanganyika Catholic Welfare Organization (TCWO).
In January 1958 the organization was officially registered by the Government under the Societies Registration Ordinance. The organization letter was registered as trustees under the Trustee's Incorporation ordinance. With Tanganyika getting its political Independence in 1961 the name of the organization changed into Tanganyika Episcopal Conference. Its current name comes as a result of the new Status of this country after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Thus in 1964 the organization became the Tanzania Episcopal Conference (TEC).
It has thirty four (34) dioceses.
The Tanzania Catholic Secretariat is an instrument of the Bishops Assembly to guide, coordinate, facilitate and promote pastoral and social services through collaboration with people of good will, for the evangelization of all.
"To be a pastorally driven organ of the Catholic Bishops of Tanzania that lives catholic values and demands professional competence in its work"


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Christian Apologetics Training 1 UNIT 7 THE EMPTY TOMB
Christian Apologetic Training 1: Unit VIII The Resurrection of Jesus (2)
Christian Apologetic Training 1: Unit X THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS (4)
Christian Apologetic Training 1: Unit IX The Resurrection of Jesus (3)
Christian Apologetic Training 1: Unit XI JESUS, THE MAN OF DESTINY
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Dccc Apologetics Course II: FINGERPRINTS OF THE CREATOR Lesson 4
DCCC Apologetics Course II EVIDENCE FOR A YOUNG EARTH AND UNIVERSE LESSON 5
DCCC Apologetics Course II PHILOSOPHICAL ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST GOD Lesson 6
DCCC Apologetics Course II The Bibles Claim to be God's Inspired Word	Lesson 7
DCCC Apologetics Course II EVIDENCE THAT THE BIBLE IS GOD'S INSPIRED WORD Lesson 8
DCCC Apologetics Course II Solution to Old Testament Riddles Lesson 9
DCCC Apologetics Course II SOLUTION TO NEW TESTAMENT RIDDLES Lesson 10
DCCC Apologetics Course II EVIDENCE FOR BIBLE HISTORY FROM ADAM TO THE FLOOD Lesson 11
DCCC Apologetics Course II EVIDENCES FOR THE REMAINS OF NOAH'S ARK Lesson 12
DCCC Apologetics Course II DISCOVERY OF EVIDENCES PATRIARCHAL PERIOD Lesson 13
DCCC Apologetics Course II DISCOVERY OF THE REMAINS OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH lesson 14
DCCC Apologetics Course II EGYPTIAN HISTORY CONTRADICTS BIBLE HISTORY OF JOSEPH AND MOSES Lesson 15
DCCC Prison Apologetics II DISCOVERY OF THE TRUE PHARAOHS OF JOSEPH, MOSES AND THE EXODUS Lesson 16
DCCC Apologetics Course II DISCOVERY OF THE RED SEA CROSSING Lesson 17
DCCC Apologetics Course II DISCOVERY OF THE TRUE MOUNT SINAI Lesson 18
DCCC Apologetics Course II THE MYTH OF EGYPT'S "ASTRONOMICALLY ABSOLUTE" CHRONOLOGY Lesson 19
DCCC Apologetics Course II BIBLE HISTORY FROM SINAI TO SOLOMON IN EGYPTIAN HISTORY ARCHAEOLOGY OF PALESTINE Lesson 20
DCCC Apologetics Course II CONFIRMATION OF BIBLE HISTORY OF ISRAEL'S DIVIDED KINGDOM Lesson 21
DCCC Apologetics Course II REDATING OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY TO FIT BIBLICAL HISTORY FROM 930 TO 525 B.C. lesson 22
DCCC Apologetics Course II CANONICITY AND PRESERVATION OF THE OLD TESTAMENT Lesson 23
DCCC Apologetics Course II CANONICITY and PRESERVATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Lesson 24
Evidence of Biblical Stories & Prophecy
Discovery: The Shroud of Turin or Turin Shroud
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DISCOVERY OF THE TRUE MOUNT SINAI
Debunking Evolution
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Fulfilled Prophesies
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How do we know Jesus Existed?
Keeping the commands of Christ.
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Basic Defenses of the Bible » Evidence of a Young Earth
By: Jim
Evidence of a Young Earth
Taken from Sunset International Bible Institute Online Studies Apologetics 2: New Discoveries (Ted Stewart, Instructor)
Scientists claim the earth and universe are billions of years old. This lesson defends the Bible claim of creation about 6,000 to 7,500 years ago. This lesson evaluates the scientific evidence for a ten billion year old universe and a five billion year old earth and finds it self-contradictory and based on unproved assumptions.
A growing number of scientists, including Sir Fred Hoyle, winner of the Nobel Prize in Astronomy, have made new scientific discoveries that indicate the universe and the earth are less than 10,000 years old. This lesson presents many of these new scientific discoveries that confirm the Bible affirmation of a young universe and young earth.
LESSON AIM: To convince the students that the Bible claim, that God created the earth and the universe in six days about six to eight thousand years ago, is scientifically and logically true.
LESSON OBJECTIVES: You will . . .
Investigate Biblical evidence that the "six days" of creation are literal, twenty-four hour periods and not vast amounts of time.
Evaluate alternative interpretations of the Bible that allow billions of years of age and find them inadequate.
Examine new evidence from the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens volcano that destroys the assumptions by which geologists date the Grand Canyon and other geological strata.
See how population growth demonstrates man is less than 7,000 years old.
Consider significant new scientific discoveries that clearly indicate that the earth, our solar system and the universe are less than 10,000 years old.
THE BIBLICAL EXPLANATION OF THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
A. Five Factors Necessary for the Present Universe in Genesis 1:1
"In the Beginning (Time)
God (Intelligent Designer)
Created (Energy)
The Heavens (Space)
And the Earth (Matter)
B. Six Factors Necessary for Life on Earth in Six Days (Genesis 1:2-2:3)
Day 1 – Light, 1:3-5
Day 2 – Sky, 1:6-8
Day 3 – Dry land and seas, 1:9-10; Plants and trees, 1:11-13
Day 4 – Sun, moon and stars, 1:14-19
Day 5 – Sea life and birds, 1:20-23
Day 6 – Animal life, 1:24-31
Day 7 – God rested from a finished creation, 2:1-3
C. Biblical Evidence for a Literal Six Days of Creation
1. "Six days you shall labor and do all your work. . . For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them" (Exodus 20:9, 11).
2. "At the beginning the Creator made them male and female" (Matthew 19:1).
3. "The first man Adam became a living being" (I Corinthians 15:45).
D. Alternative Interpretations of Genesis One Permitting Vast Amounts of Time
1. Gap Theory:
a. Explanation: In the beginning (perhaps billions of years ago) God created the heavens and the earth. In verse 2 this original creation "became void" (rather than "was void") because of the sin of its prior inhabitants, and then God started all over with our present earth, beginning with verse 3, in a new creation of six days.
b. Strengths:
1) If scientists have "proved" that the earth is actually 5 billion years old, this interpretation could harmonize with such a view.
2) If scientists have "proved" that fossils in the layers of earth were laid down millions of years ago, this interpretation could harmonize with such a view.
3) No one knows what God was doing before He created the present heavens and earth about 6,000 years ago; possibly He created a prior universe.
c. Weaknesses:
1) Exodus 20:11 says that in six days God created the heavens, the earth and "everything" in them. This would appear to include all of the fossils in the earth as well.
2) In Matthew 19:1, Jesus said that God created man and woman "in the beginning." Thus, the beginning did not occur billions of years before Adam and Eve were created.
2. Day-Age Theory:
a. Explanation: Each day is not 24 hours, but an age of long duration.
1) Sun, moon and stars were not created until 3rd day. Therefore, the previous days were not necessarily 24 hours.
2) Harmonizes with scientific claims of millions of years.
1) Exodus 20:11 says that God created everything in 6 days and that man should work for 6 days. Twenty-four hour days are obviously meant in the case of man. Why not God?
2) Most plants cannot survive without insects' pollination. The plants were created on day 3; the insects on day 5; if millions of years separated these two "days", the plants needing insect pollination would have become extinct.
3) Plants cannot survive without the carbon dioxide provided by animal life. Since plants were created on day 3, and animals did not appear until day 6, all plants would have become extinct if millions of years separated these two "days."
3. Six days of revelation:
Explanation: Moses received the revelation of God's creation in six days; it actually took billions of years for creation to be complete.
Weakness: Moses said God created everything in six days in Exodus 20:12, not that He revealed in six days what He created over billions of years.
CRITIQUE OF A FIVE-BILLION-YEAR-OLD EARTH
A. How Geologists Date the Grand Canyon
Geologists believe the Grand Canyon was formed by the gradual removal of earth by the Colorado River.
They measure the amount of debris per year that the Colorado River removes from the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
They then use this rate to calculate 70 million years as the time needed to remove the earth down to its present depth.34
Scientists call this method of dating "uniformitarian" on the basis that the Colorado River has always removed earth from the Canyon at the same rate.
B. Refutation of Geologists' "Uniformitarian" Method of Dating the Grand Canyon
Steven Austin, PhD in Geology and chairman of the department of Geology at Creation Research Institute, has researched the 1980 eruption of the Mt. St. Helens volcano and found scientific evidence that refutes geologists' "Uniformitarian" method of dating the Grand Canyon at 70 million years.35
Dr. Austin found that the 1980 eruption of the Mt. St. Helens volcano formed 5 canyons in 5 days. The canyons averaged a depth of about 100 feet, 1/40th the size of the Grand Canyon.
The largest canyon was 125 feet deep, 1,500 feet wide and 3,200 feet long, and was gouged out of solid rock laid down by an ancient lava flow.
The second steam blast leveled a forest of 150 square miles in 6 minutes and deposited 150 feet of land slide and volcanic ash, leaving 65 feet of mud 1/4th of a mile wide.
The volcano explosion caused 600 feet of strata to form in the different canyons, a phenomenon that modern geologists attribute normally to hundreds of millions of years on the basis of "Uniformitarianism." 36
Volcanoes also exist on top and around Grand Canyon explaining how eruptions during the last 5,000 years could easily cause much of the depth of the Grand Canyon, plus many of the layers of sediments found in the walls of the canyon.
With the added world-wide catastrophe of the Flood of Noah's days, the present depth of the Grand Canyon and the multiplied layers of sediment in the canyon walls are easily explained.
C. Geologists' Claim the Rocks in the Strata of Grand Canyon Vary in Age from 10 Million to 2.6 Billion Years
34 Steven A. Austin, Grand Canyon, Monument to Catastrophe, 1994, p. 88.
35 Mt. St. Helens: Explosive Evidence for Catastrophe Video on site, Institute of Creation Research, 1994.
1. Geologists use the following radiometric methods of dating rocks.
Rubidium-87 has a half-life to 48.8 billion years, decaying into strontium-87.37
Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.47 billion years, decaying into lead-206, and is "useful for the time period between 100,000 and 1,200,000 years."38
Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years and gradually decays into Argon-40 and Calcium and dates rocks from 20,000 to 4.5 billion years.39
2. Geologists used all three of these methods to date the rocks of different strata of Grand Canyon between 10 million and 2.6 billion years.40
3. Geologists thus conclude that the dates of the rocks of these strata confirm the 70 million-year process of the formation of the Grand Canyon by removal of strata by the Colorado River.
D. Weaknesses of Radiometric Dating
1. Different dating methods used on rocks in the same (top) strata of the Grand Canyon differ in their dates by 2.59 billion years.
The Potassium/Argon method gave dates between 10 million and 117 million years.41
The Rubidium/Strontium method gave varied ages between 1.27 and 1.39 billion years.42
The Uranium/Lead method gave an isotope age of 2.6 billion years, 1.26 billion years older than the age indicated by the Rubidium/Strontium method and 2.59 billion years more than the youngest date of the Potassium/Argon method.
2. The rocks in the older (lower) strata (Cardenas Basalt and Diabase Sills) are located one mile below the Uinkaret Plateau. These two strata are both Pre-Cambrian (before life appeared on earth).
These Pre-Cambrian rocks dated between 715 million and 1.07 billion years.43
Thus, the top, youngest layer of the Grand Canyon has rocks that are dated older by 130 million to 1.5 billion years than the Pre-Cambrian rocks at the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
Geologists tell us that the lowest or oldest strata must contain the oldest rocks and yet the plateau one mile above the canyon contains the oldest rocks.
These contradictory dates for Grand Canyon rocks demonstrates that radiometric methods are not reliable in dating rocks.
3. Diamonds from Zaire were dated by the potassium/argon method at 6 billion years, a billion years older than the earth is dated, 44again proving the inadequacy of this radiometric method of dating.
4. 200-year old lava flows in Hawaii were dated by the potassium/argon method at 3 billion years old, 2.9999 billion years more than reality.45
5. These enormous differences in radio-active dating demonstrate that the radiometric methods
37 Steven A. Austin, Grand Canyon, Monument to Catastrophe, 1994, p. 113.
38 New Encyclopedia Britannica,1991 Ed., 12.196.
39 New Encyclopedia Britannica,1991 Ed., 9.640-1.
45 Henry Morris, Scientific Creationism, pp. 151-2.
are unreliable for obtaining real dates of rocks.
E. Likely Explanation for the Differing Radio-Metric Dates
God likely created varying ratios of rubidium/strontium, uranium/lead, and potassium/argon, knowing that man would need both the parents and daughters (lead for example) immediately after He created man.
Man did not need to wait billions of years for uranium to produce lead; God created both uranium and lead simultaneously, knowing man needed both.
Thus, the abundance of daughter elements (lead and argon) from decayed uranium and potassium, have an appearance of great age, but have a real age of less than 10,000 years.
F. God Could Have Created the Universe Out of Old and New Matter
1. Solomon's Temple
When Solomon built the Temple of God in Jerusalem, he used newly cut timbers from Lebanon (1 Kings 5:6).
Yet, Solomon place a 480-year old ark of the covenant inside the temple.
Thus, the temple contained both young and old wood when it was constructed.
2. Adam's body
The word "create" in Hebrew (barah) means to "form, fashion by cutting, shape out, . . . make, create."46
Moses used barah in Genesis 1:1 for the creation of the universe and in Genesis 1:27 for the creation of man and woman in His own image.
A synonym is yatsa, which means to "form, fashion, carve, frame, devise, plan, preordain"47
Moses used yatsa in Genesis 2:7-8 to say that He "formed" Adam out of the dust of the ground.
God used pre-existing matter to create Adam's body.
When Adam was only a day old (real age), he probably looked 20 or 30 years old.
3. Possible creation of the universe out of old and new matter.
God had always existed in Eternity, before He created our present Universe.
Who knows how many worlds God created before He created our own.
God could have use preexisting materials from prior creations when creating the present universe, just as Solomon built the Temple and its furniture out of both old and new materials.
If God did use pre-existing materials to create the universe, we should expect to find evidence of billions of years of age and other evidence for less than 10,000 years of age.
Also, by speeding up the formation of the universe for the benefit of man, the universe now appears to be billions of years, but is actually only about 7,500 years in age.
POPULATION GROWTH RATES INDICATE A YOUNG EARTH
A. Biblical Dates and Growth Rates from the Dates for the Flood
The Bible says all, except 8 people, died in the flood; therefore, the population rate should be calculated from 8 at the flood to 6 billion in A.D. 1996.
Differing Hebrew and Greek manuscripts date the Flood from 4,294 to 5,175 years ago (See
46 New Brown Driver Briggs Gesenius Hebrew Aramaic English Lexicon, p. 134.
Lesson 11 for proof of these dates).
Eight people growing to 6 billion people in 4,294 years is .47% growth, very low in comparison to the current growth rate of about 1.6%. The growth rate is only about .37% if the time period is 5,175 years ago.
This growth rate indicates that all humanity was wiped out c. 4,300 to 5,175 years ago.
B. Biblical Dates and Growth Rates From the Dates for Creation
Differing Hebrew and Greek manuscripts give a range of dates between 3,955 and 5,441 B.C. for the date of creation (see Lesson 11 for details).
Adding on A.D. 1996 (the date of this writing), the Biblical age of the earth ranges between 5,951 and 7,437 years.
On the basis that a flood did not occur, mankind grew from 2 (Adam and Eve) to 6 billion in either 5,941 years or 7,437 years.
5,941 years gives a growth rate of .368%, a very slow rate in contrast to the present growth rate of 1.6%.
7,437 years gives a growth rate of .2939%, an extremely slow rate in contrast to the present growth rate of 1.6%.
These low growth rates imply that mankind has not been on the earth more than 7,000 years.
C. Projected Growth of Only .2% over Periods from 10,000 to 1 Million Years
Starting with 2, growing at the extremely low rate of only .2% growth, would give the following populations in A.D. 1996.
10,000 years = 951 million people.
15,000 years = 20.472 trillion people.
20,000 years = 452,335.0 trillion people.
100,000 years = 1,184 with 87 more zeroes after it, thousands of trillions more people than the earth could possibly hold.
D. Conclusion: The Earth Could Not Be More than 7,000 Years Ago
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE THAT INDICATES A YOUNG EARTH
A. Cosmic Dust Deposits Indicate A Young Earth48
Cosmic dust falls on the earth at the rate of 13 million tons per year.
If the same amount of dust fell over a period of 5 billion years, the age given to the earth by scientists, there would be a layer of this dust 182 feet thick.
The moon was found to have a layer of only 1/8th of an inch, in contradiction to scientific prediction.
This cosmic dust has high concentrations of nickel. The amount of nickel found in the earth's crust and in the oceans indicates an age of only a few thousand years.
B. Depletion of the Earth's Magnetic Field 49
1. Dr. Thomas Barnes, Pro. Emeritus of Physics at University of Texas in El Paso, calculated the decay rate of the earth's magnetic field as having a half life of 1,400 years, meaning that
48 Huse, Collapse of Evolution, pp. 22-23.
49 Bert Thompson, Essays in Apologetics, I.78; Collapse of Evolution, pp. 20-21.
1,400 years ago the earth's magnetic field was double what it is now.
2. The earth must be less than 10,000 years old; otherwise, the magnetic field would have been
so strong 50,000 years ago that it would have ruptured the earth and cracked it open.
C. Polonium Halos50
Polonium 218 is considered a daughter element of the natural decay of uranium; but it has now been found in substances that are not in the presence of uranium.
Polonium has a half-life of only three minutes.
Polonium halos have been found in granite rock from the bedrock of the earth's core.
If the earth is 5 billion years old, this granite was supposed to have been in a molten condition for millions of years before it cooled into its present form.
Halos cannot form in rocks when they are in a molten condition.
With a half-life of 3 minutes, the polonium would have decomposed in a few hours and not exist when the rocks cooled millions of years later.
Dr. Robert Gentry says that these polonium halos are proof that the granite rocks were created instantaneously within minutes and did not exist in a molten condition for even years, much less millions of years.
D. Rotation of the Earth51
The earth's rotation rate is gradually slowing down.
If the earth is five billion years old, the centrifugal force would have slung off much of its contents and its shape would be like that of a pancake.
F. Mississippi River Delta Deposits52
The Mississippi River annually deposits 300 million cubic yards of sediment into the Gulf of Mexico.
The thickness of sediment in the Mississippi Delta indicates that it is only about 4,000 years old.
EVALUATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC CLAIM OF TEN BILLION YEARS FOR THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE
A. The Big Bang and 10 Billion Years of Expansion
Scientists theorize that the present universe was originally a single molecule which exploded and hurtled the universe outward in lateral directions.
Before 1995 astronomers calculated that it took the most distant stars 20 billion years to reach their present distance from the center.
In 1996 photographs from the Hubble telescope indicated that astronomers made a 10 billion-year mistake.
B. Inconsistency of the Big Bang Theory in Regard to the Dating of the Universe
1. The Milky Way Galaxy, of which our solar system is a part, is located generally in the center of the known universe (though not in the exact center).
50 Robert Gentry, Creation 's Tiny Mystery.
51 Huse, Collapse of Evolution, p. 25.
If the entire universe were encapsuled in a single molecule at the time of the Big Bang, then the material from which the earth is composed is the same age as that of the distant galaxies.
Yet, the earth is dated by the uranium/lead process at 5 billion years, while the distant galaxies are dated at 10 billion years.
If the matter of the earth and stars were all in the same molecule and exploded at the same time, as scientists maintain, all matter should be the same age.
The outer portions of the explosion obviously were only faster, not older, and the inner portions of the molecule obviously were slower, not younger.
If matter were wrapped around a bomb and detonated, the outer layer of matter would fly out farther from, and the inner layer would fly out closer to, the point of the blast, but the age of both layers would be the same.
Scientists have confused age with distance and speed.
C. Inconsistency of the Time for Light to Arrive at Earth
Scientists have calculated the age of the universe on the basis of the time it takes for light to travel from the most distant star to the earth.
If the Big Bang is true, as scientists maintain, it would mean that the light of the fleeting stars would always be seen from its center of origin (where the earth is relatively located).
The light of the stars were always in sight of the earth, if the Big Bang were true.
D. Present Speed of Light and of Expansion Is Not the Original Speed
The speed of light and of expansion is slowing down according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
At creation the stars could have expanded faster than the speed of light, but now has slowed down to the present rate of expansion.
Scientists have assumed light travels faster than any thing else, but scientists do not know how fast the Big Bang hurtled out matter.
E. Real Age and Apparent Age
On the basis of the speed of light, the universe appears to be ten billion years old.
Based on the multiplied speed of God's creation, the universe is actually less than 10,000 years old.
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE FOR A 7,000-YEAR OLD UNIVERSE
A. While the Universe Appears to Be Very Old in Some Ways, it Actually Appears to Be Very Young in Even More Significant Ways
B. The Shrinkage of the Sun53
The sun is shrinking at the rate of .1% each century.
At .1% a century, the sun was 10% larger 10,000 years ago, likely producing a tropical climate at the poles and unbearable heat at the equators.
20,000 years ago the sun would have been 20% larger than it is now and life on earth could not have survived the unbearable heat.
100,000 years old, the sun would have doubled its present size and Mars, Venus and the Earth would have burned to a crisp.
53 Bert Thompson, Essays in Apologetics, I.78-79.
The sun is presently 864,950 miles in diameter and averages a distance of 92,957,000 miles from earth. 54 The sun would have to double its size (going back in time) 108 times to cover the present distance between the sun and earth: 92,957,000 divided by 864,950 = 108.
Since the sun doubles in size each 100,000 years, the sun would have extended beyond the earth's present position 10,800,000 years ago and the distant planets of our solar system would have burned up.
Therefore, it is impossible that the earth could have existed even 100,000 years ago, much less 10,800,000 years ago.
The scientific calculation of 5 billion years for the age of the earth is scientifically impossible and ridiculously absurd.
A 6,000 to 7,500 year range for the earth's age allows life to have comfortable temperatures for plants to grow and animals and humans to survive; thus, the scientific rate of the shrinkage of the sun is in complete harmony with the Biblical age of the solar system.
C. Hydrogen Converted Into Helium55
Hydrogen is constantly being converted into helium in space at the rate of 3 x 10 to the eleventh power grams per year.
However, space is composed almost entirely of hydrogen, with the presence of only small amounts of helium.
Since no source is known to produce hydrogen in space, most of the hydrogen should have turned into helium if the universe is really ten billion years old.
Because of this abundance of hydrogen and sparsity of helium, Sir Fred Hoyle, who won the Nobel Prize in Astronomy, concluded that the universe is only thousands of years old rather than billions of years.
Helium enters the earth's atmosphere by escaping from cracks in the earth's crust from the decay of uranium and thorium at the rate of 3 x 10 to the 11 power grams per year.
The amount of helium in earth's atmosphere is 3.5 x 10 to the 15 power. At the rate helium
is entering earth's atmosphere, the earth should be about 10,000 years old.
D. Disintegration Rate of Comets 56
Comets are gradually disintegrating from the heat of the sun.
The rapid rate of disintegration indicates that their age could not be more than 10,000 years old.
No comets would exist if our solar system were really five billion years old.
E. Speed of Star Clusters57
Star clusters contain thousands of stars swarming in different directions at enormous speeds.
They are moving so fast that these clusters could not have held together for millions of years, much less billions of years.
Many other evidences indicate that the universe and the earth are not more than 10,000 years old and thus within the range of the biblical range of dates for Creation.
54 "The Sun," New Encyclopedia Britannica, 1991 Ed., 11.387.
55 Bert Thompson, op. cit., I.79-80.
56 Huse, op. cit., p. 28.