Posted on December 16, 2019 December 16, 2019 by Insights Editor
SECURE SYNOPSIS: 13 DECEMBER 2019
NOTE: Please remember that following 'answers' are NOT 'model answers'. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
Topic: The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different parts of the country.
1. What was the Nehru-Liaquat Agreement of 1950 that was recently referred to in the debates for Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB), 2019? Discuss its salient features (250 Words).
Why this question:
Amit Shah referred to the Nehru-Liaquat pact on a few occasions in Parliament to justify the Citizenship Bill.
Key demand of the question:
Discuss in detail the salient features of Nehru-Liaquat Agreement of 1950.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Start by stating that It was an agreement between the Governments of India and Pakistan regarding Security and Rights of Minorities that was signed in Delhi in 1950 between the Prime ministers of India and Pakistan, Jawaharlal Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan.
Discuss why the pact came into existence –
The need for such a pact was felt by minorities in both countries following the partition, which was accompanied by massive communal rioting.
In 1950, as per some estimates, over a million Hindus and Muslims migrated from and to East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh), amid communal tension and riots such as the 1950 East Pakistan riots and the Noakhali riots.
Explain the salient features of the pact and associated nuances.
Under the Nehru-Liaquat pact –
Refugees were allowed to return unmolested to dispose of their property.
Abducted women and looted property were to be returned.
Forced conversions were unrecognized.
Minority rights were confirmed.
Conclude with relevance of it as of today.
Delhi Pact, also called Nehru-Liaquat Pact, was made on April 8, 1950, following the escalation of tension between India and Pakistan in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after economic relations between the two countries had been severed in December 1949. An estimated one million people—Hindus from East Pakistan and Muslims from West Bengal—crossed the borders during 1950. Union Home minister referred to the Nehru-Liaquat pact on a few occasions in Parliament to justify the Citizenship Bill
Salient features of Nehru-Liaquat Pact:
At the time the pact, officially the Agreement Between the Governments of India and Pakistan Regarding Security and Rights of Minorities, Jawaharlal Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan were the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan.
It was a bilateral agreement signed between India and Pakistan in order to provide a framework for the treatment of minorities in the two countries.
The need for such a pact was felt by minorities in both countries following Partition, which was accompanied by massive communal rioting.
In 1950, as per some estimates, over a million Hindus and Muslims migrated from and to East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh), amid communal tension and riots such as the 1950 East Pakistan riots and the Noakhali riots.
The Governments of India and Pakistan solemnly agree that each shall ensure, to the minorities throughout its territory, complete equality of citizenship, irrespective of religion, a full sense of security in respect of life, culture, property and personal honour, freedom of movement within each country and freedom of occupation, speech and worship, subject to law and morality.
Members of the minorities shall have equal opportunity with members of the majority community to participate in the public life of their country, to hold political or other office, and to serve in their country's civil and armed forces.
Both Governments declare these rights to be fundamental and undertake to enforce them effectively.
It was agreed that both governments would ensure complete and equal right of citizenship and security of life and properties to their minorities.
Ensuring full fundamental human rights which included the rights of freedom of movement, freedom of thoughts and expression and the right of religion, was part of the deal.
A minorities commission was to be set up to make sure that they would be represented.
They vowed to not violate the rules of the pact and to make all efforts to reinforce it.
If the minorities faced any problem, it would be the duty of both the governments to redress their problems without delay.
Defending the Citizenship Amendment Bill, Union Home minister reiterated that both Pakistan and Bangladesh failed to protect religious minorities after Partition and claimed that the Narendra Modi government was correcting the historical wrong by offering citizenship to the religious minority refugees from these countries.
In spite of the opposition of his colleague Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, prime minister of India, concluded a pact with Liaquat Ali Khan, prime minister of Pakistan, whereby refugees were allowed to return unmolested to dispose of their property, abducted women and looted property were to be returned, forced conversions were unrecognized, and minority rights were confirmed. Minority commissions were established to implement these terms, and confidence was in fact restored for a time; however, in the months following the pact, more than a million additional refugees migrated to West Bengal. The continuing struggle over Kashmir also strained relations between the two countries.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
2. With 2.3 million children not vaccinated against measles last year, India has much to do to protect its young citizens, in the context of the above statement discuss the case of vaccine hesitancy and need for public awareness of vaccines. (250 Words).
Vaccine hesitancy has been highlighted for the staggering spread in cases globally. The article discusses the case of India and prevalence of Measles.
One must present the case of Measles and discuss the phenomena of vaccine hesitancy.
Define what you understand by vaccine hesitancy; Vaccine hesitancy has been highlighted for the staggering spread in cases globally. Vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability of vaccination services.
First explain why the issue of vaccine hesitancy persists – take the case of measles and discuss.
Use facts to substantiate your answer and provide for a detailed analysis of the causative factors, impact and what needs to be done to prevent and cure the situation.
Conclude that Vaccine hesitancy is threatening the historical achievements made in reducing the burden of infectious diseases, which have plagued humanity for centuries.
Only a collaborative effort between pediatricians, family doctors, parents, public health officials, governments, the technology sector, and civil society will allow myths and misinformation around vaccination to be dispelled.
Vaccine Hesitancy is defined as a reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines. According to WHO, vaccination prevents between 2-3 million deaths each year, a figure that will rise by another 1.5 million if vaccine coverage improves.
There were over 1,32,000 reported cases in 2016. The numbers shot up to over 3,53,000 in 2018.
The numbers in 2018 were more than double the previous year, the numbers in 2019 have already surpassed those of 2018. By mid-November 2019, over 4,00,000 cases were reported globally.
WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the number of measles cases and deaths. Based on an updated estimation model, there have been nearly 10 million cases and over 1,42,000 measles deaths in 2018.
The situation worsened in Congo, with a nearly four-fold increase in cases (from 65,000 in 2018 to 2,50,000 in 2019) and over 5,100 deaths.
Reasons for Vaccine hesitancy:
Vaccine hesitancy has been highlighted for the staggering spread in cases globally.
In DR Congo, there is low institutional trust, misinformation, vaccine shortage and even attacks on health-care centers and workers leading to the spread of both measles and Ebola.
The Philippines and the small Pacific island of Samoa serve are textbook cases of the sudden emergence of vaccine hesitancy.
Mass immunization using a newly approved dengue vaccine in the Philippines, before the risks were reported by the manufacturer, shattered public trust in vaccines. Low vaccine coverage led to measles and polio outbreaks.
In Samoa, an error in preparing the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) injection led to the death of two infants. Fear-mongering led to a fall in vaccine uptake, leading to an outbreak of measles.
In many European countries and the U.S., vaccine hesitancy has been on religious grounds and primarily due to anti-vaccination campaigns spreading fake news about vaccine safety.
Some religious leaders prohibit vaccines, some cultures do not want men vaccinating children, some cultures value boys over girls and fathers don't allow children to be vaccinated.
Vaccine mandates can provoke vaccine hesitancy not necessarily because of safety or other concerns, but due to resistance to the notion of forced vaccination.
A population can have general confidence in a vaccine and health service but hesitate as the health center is too far away or access is difficult.
Industry may be distrusted and influence vaccine hesitancy when perceived as driven only by financial motives and not in public health interest
Measures needed:
All child health workers must promote vaccination and must be afforded sufficient time with each family to effectively do so.
A clear presentation of the risks that delaying or refusing vaccination might pose to the child is pivotal to help parents understand how critical their decision is.
Governments and health policy makers should play an essential role in promoting vaccination, educating the general public, and implementing policies that reduce the public health risks associated with vaccine hesitancy.
Paediatricians and family doctors have a key role in helping parents appreciate the benefits of vaccination. In this context, physicians' advice has been shown to be the most important predictor of vaccine acceptance.
Facebook announced that groups and pages that share anti-vaccine misinformation would be removed from its recommendation algorithm. Such partnerships are crucial for allowing widespread promotion of evidence-based information explaining the benefits of vaccination.
Effective use of counselling on immunisation should be implemented during contact with care seekers under Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram or Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana or National Health Protection Scheme.
Available opportunities must be maximised, including the "home-based newborn care", where health workers promote breastfeeding as well as programmes to promote the use of vaccines.
To counter rising hesitancy, about a dozen European countries have already introduced laws making vaccination mandatory.
New York City too introduced such a law when the U.S. nearly lost its measles elimination status.
Such laws may prove counterproductive in the long run, and the only way to increase vaccine uptake is by educating the public.
In most cases, interventions should be dialogue-based and directly targeted to a specific under-vaccinated population group.
By engaging collaboratively with health workers, caregivers/parents, and their families and communities, national authorities can generate the insights to develop better quality health services, systems, policies, and communication strategies that support and enable recommended vaccination behaviours.
Vaccine hesitancy is threatening the historical achievements made in reducing the burden of infectious diseases, which have plagued humanity for centuries. Only a collaborative effort between paediatricians, family doctors, parents, public health officials, governments, the technology sector, and civil society will allow myths and misinformation around vaccination to be dispelled. If we fail, the future health of unvaccinated children and their communities will suffer greatly.
Topic: Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
3. A wrangle between Executive and Judiciary over judicial appointments hampers entry to justice. Discuss the issues involved in the appointment procedure and suggest what needs to be done. (250 Words).
The question is based on the Important aspects of governance and tends to evaluate the wrangle between Executive and Judiciary over judicial appointments.
One must discuss the ongoing wrangle between Executive and Judiciary over judicial appointments and in what way it hampers justice delivery.
In a judicial order, the Supreme Court has said that two hundred and thirteen names recommended for appointment to various High Courts are pending with the government/Supreme Court Collegium.
Start by explaining the order – The order states that at least the names on which the Supreme Court Collegium, the High Courts and the governments had agreed upon should be appointed within six months.
It emphasized that the appointments required a continuous, collaborative and integrated process, where the government is an important consultee.
The order is significant, coming at a time when inordinate delays in the appointment of High Court judges and depleting numbers in the higher judiciary threaten to affect the justice delivery mechanism.
Explain how the system works. Discuss why there is delay in the system.
Conclude that Vacancies in the higher judiciary threaten every aspect of the justice delivery system, the government may disrupt the process through delays, but it is for the court to take an increasingly firm hand to ensure that the collegium system that it fought so hard to protect, despite flaws, actually functions effectively.
The list of alarming numbers and figures relating to the depleting numbers in India's higher judiciary has a new addition. The Supreme Court of India recently said that 213 names recommended for appointment to various High Courts are pending with the government. Data show that 38% of all sanctioned posts for High Court judges are lying vacant as of December 1. High Courts of some states including Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan are functioning at below half their actual capacity.
Process of appointment of judges:
In the Third Judges Case (1998) (by a follow-up President's Reference to the Court), the Supreme Court expanded the Collegium formed in the first (1981) and second (1993) judges cases to include the CJI and the next four (up from two) senior-most judges.
Once the collegium clears the names, the Law Ministry has to put up the recommendation to the Prime Minister in 3 weeks who will, in turn, advise the President. Thereafter no time limit is prescribed and the process comes to a standstill.
If the collegium reiterates the names, the court said that the government has no option but to appoint the judges.
With the 99th constitutional amendment act and NJAC Bill 2014, National judicial appointment commission was established by the union government to bring transparency and accountability in appointment of judges.
In the Fourth Judges Case (2015), Supreme Court set aside the 99th constitutional amendment creating the National Judicial Appointments Commission. The Supreme Court ruled that the amendment was a threat to judicial independence, an integral part of Basic Structure Doctrine. A majority of judges took pains to point out how much the independence of the judiciary was guaranteed by the collegium system of appointments.
The controversies often associated with the collegium system are
Credibility of the SC:
Controversial collegium system of judicial appointments undermines the independence of judges and raises doubts about the credibility of the highest court.
There is a failure to make an assessment of the personality of the contemnor at the time of recommending his name for elevation.
Example: The controversy over the proposed elevation of Justice P.D. Dinakaran of the Karnataka High Court to the Supreme Court by the collegium of the Chief Justice and four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court was criticised for overlooking apparently suitable judges by the collegiums
The judiciary off late has been caught in many such situations of credibility crisis off late.
The executive has little or no role in the appointment of judges as a result.
Supreme court is overburdened:
The Supreme Court did not realise the burden it was imposing on the collegium of selecting judges for the Supreme Court and High Courts and transferring them from one High Court to another.
An administrative task of this magnitude must necessarily detract the judges of the collegium from their principal judicial work of hearing and deciding cases.
Lacking this infrastructural backup, the collegium resorts to ad hoc informal consultations with other judges in the Supreme Court who are expected to know the merits of a proposed appointee from a High Court or occasionally by sounding a member of the Bar.
These methods are poor substitutes for a full time intensive collection of data about an incumbent, his work, standing, merit, integrity and potential which requires to be made considerably in advance for filing in the vacancy.
This system overlooks several talented junior judges and advocates.
Besides, the collegium's deliberations are secret, the system is opaque and the choice of a judge is only known when his name is forwarded to the Government for formal appointment.
The collegium has necessarily limited its field of choice to the senior-most judges from the High Court for the appointments to the Supreme Court, overlooking the several talented junior judges in the High Courts or members of the bar.
Skewed representation of socio economic backward classes like women, scheduled castes and tribes in the Supreme Court.
The collegium system needs reforms:
The need of the hour is to revisit the existing system through a transparent and participatory procedure, preferably by an independent broad-based constitutional body guaranteeing judicial primacy but not judicial exclusivity.
The new system should ensure independence, reflect diversity, demonstrate professional competence and integrity.
The system needs to establish a body which is independent and objective in the selection process. In several countries of the Commonwealth, National Judicial Appointment Commissions have been established to select judges. Such judicial commissions have worked with success in the U.K., South Africa and Canada.
Setting up a constitutional body accommodating the federal concept of diversity and independence of judiciary for appointment of judges to the higher judiciary can also be thought of as an alternate measure.
There should be a fixed time limit for approval of recommendations.
As of now, instead of selecting the number of judges required against a certain number of vacancies, the collegium must provide a panel of possible names to the President for appointment in order of preference and other valid criteria.
New memorandum of procedure:
After the Second and Third Judges Cases, a Memorandum of Procedure had been formulated to govern how the process of how the Collegium would make recommendations to the Executive.
The government therefore suggested that a new MOP be drafted and finalised for appointment of SC judges and the Executive to get a veto over candidates for national security reasons in this new MOP.
Faced with intense public scrutiny and government pressure, the judiciary's institutional weaknesses are being laid bare. These are not simply the moral failings of one individual or the consequences of the misjudgement of a few. It is another illustration of the institution's inability to accept its internal infirmities.
4. E-governance is not only about use of the clout of new technology, but also much about grave importance of the 'use value' of information. Explain. (250 Words).
Governance in India by Lakshmikant
The question aims to evaluate the relevance of 'use-value' of the information and technology to the e-governance aspects of the government.
One must discuss the concept of e-governance and present the case of use of technology along with significance of utility of the information.
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Define E-governance; it is application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at all the level of the Government in order to provide services to the citizens, interaction with business enterprises and communication and exchange of information between different agencies of the Government in a speedy, convenient efficient and transparent manner.
Explain that although e-governance is about utilization of the power of new technology like satellite technology, GPS, computer, internet, mobile, biometrics etc. in an efficient manner, it is also very much about how the information collected is utilized to better cater to the needs of the citizens.
The information collected should help in 'clarity' in the objective setting, not only in ICT terms (computers, networks etc.) but also the process outcomes and the measurements post implementation.
Information should be used for data mining and for supporting the management decisions and not merely for word processing.
By knowing the value of information and its foundation, information can be improved and can provide better support in decision making and better assessment can be made.
Conclude that thus the focus of e- governance should not only be limited to efficiently utilizing new technologies but it should also be oriented toward ensuring good governance using the information gathered.
e-Governance which also known as electronic governance is basically the application of Information and Communications Technology to the processes of Government functioning in order to bring about 'Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent' governance.
e-Governance involve the use of ICTs by government organisations for exchange of information with citizens, businesses or other government departments, faster and more efficient delivery of public services, improving internal efficiency, reducing costs / increasing revenue, re-structuring of administrative processes and improving quality of services.
E-governance is about utilization of power of new technology:
Initiatives by government like National optical fibre network, Digital India, Aadhar card, DISHA etc. focus much on the technological aspect and digitization and less on governance. Participative and decentralised decision making is missing as the programmes initiated by government mostly follow top down approach.
E-RTI focused upon e-filing of RTI's making it a quick and efficient process. But there has less focus on redressal of public grievances.
The networks like E-SWAN in states have been commended for connecting all government departments to websites. But websites are not uploaded regularly and this defeats the purpose of transparency, openness and accountability in governance.
Similarly, national judicial data grid has not reduced pendency of cases.
Due to low digital literacy the real benefits of the initiatives do not reach the common man.
Lack of matured technicians:
There is lack of matured technicians in the country who can advise the government on technical grounds. A good technician will not only help the government to reduce the cost of installation, but will also be able to handle the technical problems easily.
Lack of qualified administrators:
There is a lack of qualified administrators in the country, who are not very techno-friendly.
E-governance is much about the critical importance of the use value of information:
Increased effectiveness and efficiency: Improved government services in terms of accomplishing the government purpose and functioning
Better services: E-government can provide quick and timely services to stakeholders
Transparency by dissemination and publication of information on the web: This provides easy access to information and subsequently makes the system publicly accountable. Also as the web enables the free flow of information, it can be easily accessed by all without any discrimination.
Accessible anytime and anywhere: As e-government services are provided through web-enabled technology they can be accessed anytime and anywhere
User-centred ICT enabled services: The services are primarily intended for the use of citizens, businesses, and the government itself
Reduced cost and time: As the services are provided through internet they are effective in terms of time and cost
Economic Development: The deployment of ICTs reduces the transaction costs, which makes services cheaper. For example, rural areas suffer on account of lack of information regarding markets, products, agriculture, health, education, weather, etc. and if all this could be accessed online would lead to better and more opportunities and thereby prosperity in these areas.
Social Development: The access to information empowers the citizens. The informed citizenry can participate and voice their concerns, which can be accommodated in the programme/ project formulation, implementation, monitoring and service delivery. Web-enabled participation will counter the discriminatory factors affecting our societal behaviour.
Reduced bureaucracy: E-government minimizes hierarchy of authority for availing any government services
Automation of Administrative Processes: A truly e-governed system would require minimal human intervention and would rather be system driven.
Enhanced communication and coordination between government organizations: An automated services can be accessed by different organizations coordination and further communication became relative
Paper Work Reduction: An immediate impact of automation would be on the paperwork. Paperwork is reduced to a greater extent with communication being enabled via electronic route and storage and retrieval of information in the electronic form. All this has led to the emergence of less paper office'.
Quality of Services: ICT helps governments to deliver services to citizens with greater accountability responsiveness and sensitivity. Quality of services improves, as now the people are able to, get services efficiently and instantaneously.
Elimination of Hierarchy: ICT has reduced procedural delays caused by hierarchical processes in the organisation. Through Intranet and LAN, it has become possible to send information and data across various levels in the organisation at the same time.
Change in Administrative Culture: Bureaucratic structures have been plagued by characteristics aptly described by Victor Thompson as 'bureau-pathology'. From the day s of New Public Administration, efforts have been made to find ways to deal with the pathological or dysfunctional aspects of art.
Strategic Information System: Changing organisational environment and increasing competitiveness have put pressures on the performance of the functionaries. Information regarding all aspects needs to be made available to the management at every point to make routine as well as strategic decisions.
Some of the e-Governance models implemented in India: Customs and Excise (Government of India); Indian Railways; Postal Department; Passport/Visa; Bhoomi – Automation of Land Records (State Government of Karnataka); Gyandoot: Intranet in Tribal District of Dhar (State Government of Madhya Pradesh); e-Mitra – Integrated Citizen Services Center/ e-Kiosks (State Government of Rajasthan) etc.
Way forward:
In the absence of judicial reforms, periodic updation of citizen charter, administrative reforms in terms of business process restructuring (2nd ARC), the E-governance will merely remain "E" without governance.
Government should adopt various other effective projects and initiatives to eradicate ICT
illiteracy and emphasize on the need of digitalization.
An initiation towards setting up of number of computer centers and kiosks is needed and also
training to people by setting up IT training centers in various parts of cities and villages is
This will help in building an information based society.
The government should launch various awareness programs, which will help people to know
the benefits of E-governance and will motivate them to accept the change.
Government should encourage technology rich countries and companies to invest in the Indian
Infrastructure is a crucial part of any country's development. So, the government should work
on improving ICT infrastructure by providing Electricity and good Internet connection.
Strategic framework for implementation of E-governance is needed.
It is important for the government to create a trust factor among the citizens by being consistent in taking feedback and undertaking corrective actions for the deviations.
Another important suggestion for the government is to hire highly professional technicians
who can easily curb any technical issue and keep the system updated.
A support from the other political parties is also required to infuse E-governance in the system.
Topic:Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment
5. Evaluate the factors leading to the high levels of pollution in Indian rivers. What can be done to protect and prevent our rivers from degradation and slow death? Discuss. (250 words).
A study conducted by Central Water Commission (CWC) from May 2014 to April 2018 revealed that India's major river systems are contaminated with heavy metals.
One must evaluate the factors leading to the high levels of pollution in Indian rivers and discuss what can be done to protect and prevent our rivers from degradation and slow death.
State the findings of the report; quote the facts and relevant case study.
First discuss the main sources of river pollution – agriculture, mining, milling, plating and surface finishing industries that discharge a variety of toxic metals.
Discuss then their impact.
Quote the discussion provided by the report of CWC.
Take hints from the article and cover relevant aspects.
Conclude with urgency to address the issue of River pollution in the country.
Rivers are increasingly being treated as lifelines to an ever-growing population, the realisation of which is still to sink in as far as India is concerned. More than half the rivers in India are polluted, with the developing economic power unlikely to meet demand for fresh water from its still-growing population. Samples taken from two-thirds of the water quality stations spanning India's major rivers showed contamination by one or more heavy metals, exceeding safe limits set by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Findings from the third edition of an exercise conducted by the Central Water Commission (CWC) from May 2014 to April 2018:
The study spanned 67 rivers in 20 river basins.
Samples from only one-third of water quality stations were safe.
The rest, or 287 (65%) of the 442 sampled, were polluted by heavy metals.
Samples from 101 stations had contamination by two metals, six stations saw contamination by three metals.
Iron emerged as the most common contaminant with 156 of the sampled sites registering levels of the metal above safe limits.
None of the sites registered arsenic levels above the safe limit.
The other major contaminants found in the samples were lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium and copper.
Lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium and copper contamination were more common in non-monsoon periods while iron, lead, chromium and copper exceeded 'tolerance limits' in monsoon periods most of the time.
Arsenic and zinc are the two toxic metals whose concentration was always obtained within the limits throughout the study period.
Factors behind high pollution of rivers:
Chemicals & Effluents
The main sources of heavy metal pollution are mining, milling, plating and surface finishing industries that discharge a variety of toxic metals into the environment.
Industrialisation along the river belt is polluting the water with chemicals and other industrial effluents.
While large corporations adopt advanced techniques to treat effluents and chemicals to negate or reduce their toxicity, smaller firms often have no such considerations and violate environment safety standards.
Failure of regulatory agencies and implementation of laws:
According to the recent finding of the Central Pollution Control Board that the number of critically polluted segments of India's rivers has risen to 351 from 302 two years ago is a strong indictment of the departments responsible for environmental protection.
The data show that the plethora of laws enacted to regulate waste management and protect water quality are simply not working.
The study by CPCB also underscores the failure of many national programmes run by the Centre for river conservation, preservation of wetlands, and water quality monitoring.
Low priority is accorded to the enforcement of laws by SPCBs and pollution control committees.
Garbage Dumping
High population density around the river banks and the reckless dumping of non-biodegradable waste, especially plastics, is further adding to water pollution.
Despite warning and strict fines imposed by local administrations on those found dumping garbage into rivers and their estuaries, this uncivilised practice continues unabated.
The other reasons for contamination are population growth and rise in agricultural and industrial activities.
Washing & Sewage
Laundering clothes on river banks is a common sight in India. Modern detergents are made of chemicals that contaminate river waters.
Defecating around river banks is yet another horrible practice in rural parts of the country that contributes to rising pollution of rivers in India.
The situation is worsened by local administrations and private operators of sewage collection tankers dumping the waste in rivers and their estuaries.
Cremation & Last Rites
Devout Hindus attach a lot of significance to life after death. Hence, cremation grounds in rural India are located on the banks of rivers.
Varanasi, also known as Kashi, is one such place with cremation grounds located right on banks of river Ganga which is also one of the longest rivers in India.
Unfortunately, lots of Indians families that cannot afford cremation consign mortal remains of loved ones to rivers. These human cadavers cause severe water pollution.
Sand Dredging
High-quality sand from river beds is needed for India's booming construction industry. This has led to rising pollution in Indian rivers.
Dredging operators- usually the unlicensed ones- deploy kerosene and diesel-fueled cheap watercraft manned by cheap labour for sand dredging. Engines of these boats cause pollution.
Measures needed to protect and prevent our rivers from degradation and slow death:
CPCB should be reporting more frequently on pollution, and carrying out intensive measures through State Pollution Control Boards to eliminate pollutants, starting with sewage and industrial effluents.
Low priority accorded to enforcement of laws by the SPCBs and Pollution Control Committees. So the immediate plan should be to expand the supply of treatment plants. Sustained civil society pressure on governments is vital to ensure that this is done in a time-bound manner.
On the industrial side, the plan to bring all liquid effluent discharge from textile units and tanneries to zero has to be pursued vigorously, giving industries the assistance to help them choose the best technologies for the recovery of waste water for reuse.
These measures are urgently needed to revive India's many dying rivers, protect its agriculture, and prevent serious harm to public health from contaminated water.
All state governments must make it mandatory to have rain water harvesting techniques in government as well as private buildings and make roof water and surface harvesting mandatory.
Include embankments, embankment roads, and roads on either side of the river need to be developed as greenways, with walkways, cycle paths and recreational centres to facilitate the link between citizens and the river.
Rejuvenation of wetlands: These wetlands can store millions of gallons of flood water and recharge ground water and also enhance the river flow during lean period
Reforestation and protection of forested catchments: Forested catchments reduce soil erosion and siltation of the river, they regulate stream flows and micro climate. A protected catchment automatically means lesser silt in rivers
Vegetated and protected riparian banks: These protect the river banks, reduce erosion and maintain water quality.
The immediate plan should be to expand the supply of treatment plants.
Civil societies pressure on the Government is the vital aspect.
All liquid effluent discharge from the textile units and tanneries should be brought down to zero and it is to be pursued rigorously. Assistance to be given to industries to choose the best technologies for recovery of waste waters for reuse.
By adopting a zero-waste lifestyle that consists of "Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Compost and Close the Loop (4R2C)", we can limit our trash output and save tonnes of solid waste from ending up in landfills and rivers.
The adoption of a river can also be done as a part of corporate sustainability responsibility programmes organised together with the local communities with the support of local government agencies.
Topic:Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
6. "Agriculture will play a crucial role in addressing the planet's future challenge and is a key to providing important adaptation, mitigation synergies to climate change as well as socio-economic and environmental co-benefits." In the context of the statement discuss the concept of Climate Smart Farming Systems and its relevance. (250 Words).
PIB Government of India
The question is based on the concept of Climate Smart Farming Systems.
One must explain what is Climate Smart Farming Systems and relevance of agriculture and its contribution in mitigating the effects of climate change.
Start by stating that International Seminar on Climate Smart Farming Systems' for BIMSTEC countries is being held in Delhi.
Define – Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to help farmers respond effectively to climate change and ensure food security.
State the objectives of it –
Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes;
Adapting and building resilience to climate change; and
greenhouse gas emissions mitigation
discuss the important aspects of it – methods, impact and utility,
Conclusion: Conclude by highlighting the significance of it.
Agricultural production systems are facing increasing competition from other sectors for limited natural resources. The availability of these resources and their quality are also being affected by unsustainable management practices and changing climatic and weather conditions. To respond to this situation, the agriculture sectors must improve their sustainability performance and adapt to the impacts of climate change in ways that do not compromise global efforts to ensure food security for all. FAO defines Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) as "agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach for transforming and reorienting agricultural production systems and food value chains so that they support sustainable development and can ensure food security under climate change.
Relevance of CSA:
Increased productivity: Produce more food to improve food and nutrition security and boost the incomes of 75 percent of the world's poor who live in rural areas and mainly rely on agriculture for their livelihoods.
Enhanced resilience: Reduce vulnerability to drought, pests, disease, and other shocks; and improve capacity to adapt and grow in the face of longer-term stresses like shortened seasons and erratic weather patterns.
Reduced emissions: Pursue lower emissions for each calorie or kilo of food produced, avoid deforestation from agriculture and identify ways to suck carbon out of the atmosphere.
The climate-smart agriculture approach seeks to reduce trade-offs and promote synergies to make crop and livestock systems, forestry, and fisheries and aquaculture more productive and more sustainable.
With patchy rains, crop failures become common. There is hardly any greenery in many villages, making it difficult for farmers to even maintain cattle.
Quick adaptation for new changes is hard, with farmers varying and mixing crops across seasons, along with heavy investments in borewells, tractors, and threshers.
Because of continuous crop failures, farmers are increasingly abandoning their lands and heading to nearby towns to find work as laborers.
Though India is fortunate to have the monsoon, it is also uniquely vulnerable to rising temperatures, with the country ranked 14th on the Global Climate Risk Index 2019.
India has over 120 million hectares of land suffering from some form of degradation. This has consequences, especially for marginal farmers.
According to one estimate, they may face a 24-58% decline in household income and 12-33% rise in household poverty through exacerbated droughts.
With rain-fed agriculture practiced in over 67% of our total crop area, weather variability can lead to heavy costs, especially for coarse grains (which are mostly grown in rain-fed areas).
A predicted 70% decline in summer rains by 2050 would devastate Indian agriculture.
Within 80 years, our Kharif season could face a significant rise in average temperatures (0.7-3.3°C) with rainfall concomitantly impacted, and potentially leading to a 22% decline in wheat yield in the rabi season, while rice yield could decline by 15%.
Farmers, especially smallholder farmers, need advance warning of emergent weather conditions at a local level.
Mobile telecommunication systems are increasingly cost-effective and an efficient way of delivering weather-based agro-advisories to farmers at a large scale.
Radio (especially community radio), television, newspapers, folk media, and village level public address systems will also need to be used to bridge this "communication divide."
Weather-based agro-advisories must be locale-, crop-and farmer-specific; need to also recommend soil, water, and biodiversity conservation practices.
Build adaptive capacities to climate variability and strengthen the sustainability of farming systems.
On-site training and awareness campaigns, technology demonstrations, farmer-specialist interactions, and engagement with local governance bodies.
Soil health and need-based irrigation management need to be addressed adequately.
Closer collaboration between public, civil society, and private technology and financial service providers so that farmers get access to accurate information, and affordable technologies
Climate-smart agriculture is not a new agricultural system, nor a set of practices. It is an innovative approach for charting development pathways that can make the agriculture sectors more productive and sustainable and better able to contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections
7. What do you understand by the following terms? Point out their specific relevance in public service:
1. Intellectual integrity
2. Spirit of service
Ethics by Lexicon publications
The question is from the static portions of GS paper IV.
One must discuss the terms with suitable examples and also explain two more such attributes that are important to public servants.
Justify – When you are asked to justify, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question using suitable case studies or/ and examples.
Define the terms in question.
Intellectual integrity is the discipline of striving to be thorough and honest to learn the truth or to reach the best decision possible in a given situation. A person with intellectual integrity has a driving desire to follow reasons and evidence courageously wherever they may lead.
Spirit of Service; This quality in public service makes the foundation of such job requirement. Spirit of service towards the nation and its people is the cornerstone of pub. Service and requires readiness to serve in all and every condition.
Commitment: Being always responsible and genuine to the words, deeds and promises. It is the most important ingredient of public servant. There might be a chance to flout promises and rebuild our relationships in personal life. But in official capacity, breaking a promise or vow can't be undone or taken back because it affects public at large.
Explain each term with suitable and relevant example.
Conclude with their importance to public services.
1. Intellectual integrity:
Intellectual integrity is defined as recognition of the need to be true to one's own thinking and to hold oneself to the same standards one expects others to meet. The early Greek philosophers (e.g., Socrates, Plato and Aristotle) changed the world because they forged a new path toward intellectual integrity.
Intellectual integrity is required in a person in order to lead one's life with principles, dignity, respect and proud. It will help an individual to enhance his/her credibility in eyes of themselves and people. It if positively conceived will contribute in betterment of society.
For a civil servant it is an indispensable quality:
Intellectual integrity will help him in leadership, team work, professionalism, prudency and in exercise of public ethos in service.
It will help him to become more welfare oriented and transparent, accountable like an intellectually oriented person will think twice before indulging in anti-social activity.
The intellectual integrity of the person will guide the person in path of right, keep him away from getting involved in corrupt practices and will enhance the institutions efficacy in long term.
2. Spirit of service:
Spirit of service is the quality of being committed to public service without any self-motives. It includes inculcation of love and compassion while delivering the duty. It means expecting nothing in return for the services rendered and brings true happiness and security for the service provider. The spirit of service protects, builds and nurtures the constitutional pillars that give us legitimacy and purpose.
Importance of Spirit of Service in Public Services:
A civil servant works not for monetary benefits, promotion or easy postings but for the chance to work for the public welfare is a prize in itself.
It will help him keep motivated and focused towards his ultimate goal.
Without this value, a civil servant will be a machine working in the system.
He/she should have feeling towards the downtrodden and poor citizens.
Spirit of service will awake a power in him to transform the lives of million people living in poverty
Helps civil servants to operate in a politically neutral way so that it can loyally and effectively serve successive Governments
Is open and transparent so that citizens can see the working, engage, and hold to account the civil servants
Example: A high official from the Water and Sanitation Ministry took upon himself the responsibility to educate people about the safety of twin-pit system. This helped alleviate the notion of 'pollution' in the minds of people
CategoriesSECURE SYNOPSIS TagsInsights secure synopsis, secure synopsis, Secure Synopsis 2019
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GM Jeffery Xiong
Jeffery Xiong
Oct 30, 2000 (age 20)
Plano, Texas (US)
American GM Jeffery Xiong has completed an impressive career as an elite junior chess player. For starters, he's the third-youngest U.S. player to qualify for the grandmaster title. His array of accomplishments spans winning the world under-10 championship in 2010, taking the world junior championship in 2016, and putting the chess world on notice as the 31st seed at the Chess World Cup by upsetting top-tier GMs Anish Giri and Jan-Krzysztof Duda.
Xiong's career is just beginning. At the time of publishing in June 2020, he's still classified as a junior (under 20 years old). And if it's any indication of Xiong's potential, he's the second-highest-rated junior in the world behind only GM Alireza Firouzja. There's no doubt that Xiong has an extremely bright future.
Playing Style
Early Chess Career (2005 To 2014)
Becoming One Of The Youngest GMs In History (2015 To 2018)
Upsetting Elite Players In Chess World Cup (2019 To 2020)
"He has a very solid style, very mature chess," GM Garry Kasparov told Chess.com after Xiong took the 2016 World Junior Championship. It's surprising for a player so young, yet it seems to fit. He's comfortable in seemingly equal positions, and he makes the most out of them, even against the best players in the world as illustrated in the following game against GM Magnus Carlsen.
"I'm amazed about the maturity of his game," GM Yasser Seirwan said about Xiong after the 2016 World Junior Championship. "We are all used to associating young players with romantic attacking games. Tactics being the dominant feature. With Jeffery I see a well-roundedness. He enjoys playing long games. He keeps his nerves in double-edged positions."
A great example of how Xiong maintains his nerves came in a matchup against GM and five-time U.S. champion Gata Kamsky. The 15-year-old manages to defend a dangerous onslaught from the much more experienced player.
Xiong learned how to play chess when he was five years old when he noticed a friend playing by himself at a birthday party and Xiong decided to join him. Later he joined a school chess camp to get more involved in chess, and, after beating many of his peers easily, he quickly realized he might have a special talent for the game.
He was right, of course. Xiong played in his first tournament at seven, became an expert when he was nine years old and captured the FM title a year later at the 2010 World Youth Chess Championships. There he narrowly missed winning a world title as the runner-up in the under-10 category.
In 2012, Xiong took part in a new program, Young Stars, which is devoted to help children enhance their skills in chess. Young Stars is run by Michael Khodarkovsky, president of the Kasparov Chess Foundation (he's also the FIDE Vice President, Presidential Board Member and Senior Trainer), and Xiong is one of the many American chess prodigies who has thrived in the system. He received coaching from Hungarian GMs Alexander Chernin and Gabor Kallai with two training sessions a year from Kasparov himself, who has a strong argument for being the best chess player of all time.
Xiong earned his three IM norms and then reached the required 2400 rating in March 2014 to receive the title. Later that year, he tied for first in the 2014 Dallas Open with 5/7 points.
A year after winning the IM title, Xiong set his sights on the prestigious grandmaster title. The young teenager's first two GM norms came in 2014 with the final one earned a year later in impressive fashion.
At the Chicago Open in May 2015, Xiong stunned the field—which included 24 grandmasters—by winning first place outright. His final win came against the top-seeded Cuban GM Lazaro Bruzon Batista. It clinched not only the tournament but Xiong's final GM norm that made history.
Xiong became the second-youngest GM in American history behind GM Samuel Sevian and the 17th youngest GM ever. He's now the fourth-youngest GM in American history (accounting for GMs Awonder Liang and Wesley So) and 24th on the list of the youngest chess grandmasters in history. Xiong was 14 years, six months and 25 days old at the time he became a GM.
The chess prodigy was the highest-rated player in the world under the age of 16 in 2016, and he wasn't finished setting records. First, however, Xiong scored two impressive wins by topping both the 2016 U.S. Junior Closed Championships and the Capablanca Memorial (Premier). Later that year in August, the newly crowned U.S. junior champion would again flirt with history.
It happened when Xiong won the World Junior Championship in 2016 and became the youngest player in 28 years to win the event. The 15-year-old simply dominated the field. Xiong scored 10.5/13 points and took the gold medal with one round to spare. GM Vladislav Artemiev came in second a full point behind Xiong.
Jeffery Xiong vs. Chithambaram Aravindh. Photo: World Juniors.
"I'm very happy and very proud of Jeffery for winning and for doing it in such overwhelming fashion," Kasparov told Chess.com. "It's a long and rowdy event, but he showed his best qualities throughout and simply dominated. His progress over the last year or so has been remarkable. He's been part of [the Young Stars] program for four or five years and honestly, I thought he was getting a bit stuck for a while. It sounds silly to call a 15-year-old a late bloomer, but he really exploded last year."
The next big win for Xiong came when he took the Saint Louis Spring Classic 2018. He went undefeated in the round-robin tournament with 10 GMs and finished one-and-a-half points ahead of the field. His tournament performance rating was an eye-opening 2819.
Finally, Xiong had a strong showing at the 2018 Chess.com Isle of Man International. He finished in a large three-way tie with big names such as GMs Vladimir Kramnik, Alexander Grischuk, Hikaru Nakamura and Wang Hao for third behind GMs Radoslaw Wojtaszek and Arkadij Naiditsch. To say it was an elite event would be an understatement. In addition to those players, GMs Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, Viswanathan Anand and Sergey Karjakin finished behind Xiong in a large tie for 10th place.
Places 3-10 together. Vladimir Kramnik, Hikaru Nakamura, Wang Hao, Baskaran Adhiban, Jeffery Xiong, Gawain Jones, Alexander Grischuk and organizer Alan Ormsby. Photo: Maria Emelianova/Chess.com.
Xiong made it to the finals of the 2019 Junior Speed Chess Championship after beating the number-two seed, GM Parham Maghsoodloo, 14.5-10.5 in the semifinals. That put the number-three-seeded American against the top seed, GM Wei Yi, for the finals. Their match ended in a 13.5-13.5 tie, and four additional overtime games didn't end decisively. Wei won the armageddon game to win the match and take the junior speed championship.
Still only 18 years old, Xiong's next surprise following the Isle of Man tournament came at the Chess World Cup 2019. Seeded 31st in the 128-player knockout tournament, he was the lowest seed to reach the final eight players.
His first major upset came in the third round against Giri, who was rated second in the event and has been ranked as high as third in the world. They went to tiebreaks, and the American teenager edged the Dutch superstar in a complicated tactical encounter.
Xiong accomplished another major upset in the next round. He faced Duda, a 22-year-old who has been ranked as high as 12th in the world. Xiong upset the young Polish superstar in tiebreaks, taking down the tournament's 18th seed. The remarkable tournament came to an end for Xiong in the quarterfinals, however, when he was defeated by the eventual winner, GM Teimour Radjabov.
Xiong's second place at the 2020 U.S. Championship, with a marvelous 8.5/11 score, was a recent example of his incredible talent. He should become more of a household name in the chess world if he keeps progressing. Don't be surprised if he's a regular at top-level chess events in the future.
Jeffery Xiong at 2018 Tata Steel. Photo: Maria Emelianova/Chess.com.
It's clear that Xiong has a lot of potential. After taking the chess world by surprise with impressive performances the past nine years or so, perhaps he can take that next step by entering the world's top 15 or 20 players. He has plenty of time to get there.
Indian Game: Knights Variation, East Indian Defense, 3.Nbd2 (11 games)
Ruy López Opening: Morphy Defense, Closed, Yates, Bogoljubov Variation (9 games)
Sicilian Defense: French Variation (7 games)
Dutch Defense: Hopton Attack (7 games)
English Opening: Symmetrical Variation, 2.Nf3 (17 games)
Sicilian Defense: Anti-Qxd4 Move-Order (17 games)
Réti Opening: Sicilian Invitation (9 games)
Queen's Gambit Declined: 3.Nf3 Nf6 (8 games)
Queen's Pawn Opening: Zukertort Variation (7 games)
Jeffery Xiong (2712)
Vladislav Artemiev (2731)
Nikita Vitiugov (2747)
Yu Yangyi (2726)
Alireza Firouzja (2723)
Wesley So (2765)
Viswanathan Anand (2758)
Jan-Krzysztof Duda (2758)
Jan-Krzysztof Duda
Magnus Carlsen (2872)
Jorden van Foreest (2644)


Bless the animals + terrible and tragic + vaccines for city workers
By Cristina M. Chacon	 Last updated Oct 1, 2021
Have a nice Saturday folks from Long Beach! Everything is going on in the city today.
Bring your dogs, cats, birds, llamas and pigs for one interfaith blessing! Also the Mayor weighed the Millikan shootout. In the end, City workers have to get shots.
First the weather today:
Mostly sunny. High: 88 Low: 62.
Here are the top stories in Long Beach today:
the 2021 blessing of the animals is on! Scheduled for this Sunday, October 3rd, at 5:45 p.m., you can bring your pets 1 Granada Avenue. There will be five faith leaders on site, making this event a "One of the world's greatest interfaith blessings for pets. "When your pet crosses the Rainbow Bridge, bring a collar or photo to let a blessing speak. The inimitable Justin Rudd is the founder of the event. (Haute dogs)
Mayor Robert Garcia has commented on this Millikan shooting. He notes that "the city is heartbroken over the terrible and tragic shootings". He also noted that the city with the LA County DA to investigate. (@ LongBeachMayor)
Distraught at the slowness City employees to get yours Covid-19 vaccinations, compared to the public, the officials increase the stakes. These employees are allowed to no longer receive weekly COVID tests as replacements for vaccinations. In addition, employees can no more self-test but have to prove vaccinations. A deadline is in the works. (LB-Post)
the Long Beach Public Library brings the In-N-Out cover-to-cover club return! "From October 2 to November 13, kids ages 4 to 12 can read five books to earn a certificate for a free cheeseburger, hamburger, or grilled cheese from In-N-Out." Go to an LB library to sign up. (@LBCityLibrary)
If you've always wanted to run half marathon, next weekend is your chance! It's time for them again LB marathon which usually attracts more than 10,000 participants and many cheering spectators. The race weekend features the Aquarium of the Pacific 5K, a 13.1-mile half marathon, and a 20-mile bike ride fun ride. (Studio LBP)
Today's Long Beach Daily is brought to you of ring. Joey was home alone when he collapsed on a hot day. See what helped him save his life.
Today in Long Beach:
Women's march for reproductive freedom (10:00 a.m.)
SteelCraft's annual Oktoberfest celebration! (12.00)
Long Beach Open Studio Tour (12:00 PM)
Long Beach Patch Notebook
Long Beach City: Long Beach Parks, Recreation & Marine is opening the new multi-purpose sports ground El Dorado Park West with a grand opening ceremony! Be there on Saturday October 2nd at 10 a.m. (Facebook)
Long Beach Airport: Happy October Travelers! When passing Long Beach Airport, arrive 90 minutes before departure, wear a mask indoors, and enjoy the fresh air in our outdoor lounge. (Instagram)
Long Beach City Employee: Would you like to get married at Long Beach City Hall? Call the office at (562)570-6101 to arrange your civil wedding! (Facebook)
From our sponsors – thank you for supporting local news!
Selected companies:
Open House of the Alpert Jewish Community Center on October 3rd from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. – A FREE day in the J! (October 3)
Appearances & Services:
You are all caught up for today! See you all tomorrow morning for another update. If you enjoy these newsletters, consider bringing some of your friends and neighbors on board. You can send them this link to subscribe.
– Sylvia Cochran
About me: Sylvia Cochran works in sunny Southern California and has been a full-time freelance writer since 2005. Your SEO-optimized internet copy includes social media marketing projects and business translations from German into English. She loves dogs, cats, books, plays fishdom (do not judge), embraces social justice, and tries to live Micah 6: 8.
Do you have a tip for the news or a suggestion for an upcoming Long Beach Daily? Contact [email protected] at any time.
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Commentary No 43 (December 1976)
43.2 Traditional Days of Protest in the Soviet Union
[(1a) 30 October was first marked as Political Prisoners' Day in 1974, see Chronicle 33.1. The USSR ratified the International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights in 1973 and its provisions came into force in March 1976.
43.6 The Helsinki Groups — Moscow and Ukraine
Notes [1], [2] & [3]: These documents have been published in English in Reports of Helsinki-Accord Monitors in the Soviet Union, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, US Congress, Washington, DC 20515, Vol. 1 (24 February 1977), vol. 2 (3 June 1977), and in The Right to Know, the Right to Act: Documents of Helsinki Dissent from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, same publisher, May 1978.
They have appeared in the original Russian in Sbornik dokumentov Obshchestvennoi gruppy sodeistviya vypolneniyu Khelsinkskikh soglashenii, Khronika Press, New York, vols. 1-3, 1977.
43.11 Persecution of Participants in a Religious Seminar
[1] The Religious-Philosophical Society was set up in Moscow in 1906. Its debates and discussions, and those held in the Society in Petersburg, formed part of the Orthodox Renaissance of the early 20th century [JC].
[2] The Messenger of the Russian Christian Movement (Vestnik Russkogo khristyanskogo dvizheniya) was an emigre publication, first published in France in 1925. Its chief editor after 1969 was Nikita Struve. The inclusion of material from the USSR and its clandestine circulation in the Soviet Union was denoted after 1974 by the indicated place of publication "Paris-New York-Moscow" [JC].
43.12 Events in Lithuania
Notes [1] & [2], see 43.6 (above) The Helsinki Groups


Biotechnology: Getting Started
A guide to library resources and tools for the Biotechnology program at Northeastern.
Databases Toggle Dropdown
Searching PubMed
Methods & protocols
Depositing & sharing
Citing Your Sources
Getting started: Finding Relevant Sources in Biotechnology
Tackling a new topic?
Try looking for a review article first. Review articles attempt to summarize the state of research on a scientific topic. While lengthy & not generally including the very latest research, review articles can be a great way to start to get a handle on a topic.
Don't overlook the literature cited at the end of the review - the bibliography contains a wealth of information about the key discoveries & main researchers in the field.
Most databases (including BIOSIS Previews, PubMed & Web of Science below) will allow you to limit your search to include only review articles or literature reviews.
For articles describing primary research using scientific methods, written by experts in the field or scientists, try these biomedical, biology and life sciences databases:
Web of Science indexes over 11,000 scholarly journals in the sciences (1975-present). Web of Science's strength is in its interdisciplinary focus and its ability to perform citation searching.
More than just medical literature, PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and publishers of life sciences literature. PubMed consists of 29 million citations for biomedical literature from Medline, life science journals and online books.
The most comprehensive resource for research in biology, life sciences, preclinical & experimental research, methods & instrumentation, and animal studies. Includes contents of 5,500 life sciences journals
For additional databases relevant for biotechnology topics, click here.
Top 5 Things to Know for Biotechnology Students
For more immediate help, use one of the Ask A Librarian options. I'm also happy to meet for in person or web consultations - please contact me for an appointment at a.link@northeastern.edu.
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Look up health assessment questionnaire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
health assessment questionnaire British Glass is calling for seminar presentations, based on practical examples of large manufacturing businesses securing funding for improvement in energy efficiency and carbon reduction, for a one-day glass industry event in November 2017. The whiskey was inspired by masters and apprentices working together at the new Midleton micro-distillery, one of the oldest and most iconic distilleries in the world. The brand combines tradition and innovation to convey a sense of fun and excitement. It uses two opposing patterns throughout the packaging. The straight lines symbolise method and order and the stunning marbled patterns reference madness and liquid experimentation. Awarded a UK patent, Senior's PURe® range of energy-efficient aluminium windows and doors is the first on the UK market to benefit from an enhanced thermal barrier manufactured from expanded polyurethane foam (PUR). Traditionally used in cladding and insulation products, the innovative use of PUR as a thermal barrier in windows and doors gives the PURe ® range the potential to achieve U-values as low as 0.71W/m2 K when calculated as a commercial CEN standard window and 0.93W/m2 K when calculated as a CEN standard door. The new architecture also means the pages on the content rich site now load in milliseconds, ensuring that potential customers visiting the site are engaged for long enough to register their interest.
1 twinsburg family health center
2 michiana behavioral health center
3 john hopkins school of public health
4 ammonoosuc community health services
This auburn health clinic page lists articles associated with the title Seo.
If an prayer for mental health led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
align health and wellness
religare health insurance


Elliott makes six birdies, leads 39th Iowa Senior Amateur
iowagolfAugust 30, 20170 commentsChampionships, Iowa Senior Amateur
West Des Moines' Gene Elliott (pictured above), fresh off an appearance in the Round of 32 at the U.S. Senior Amateur, didn't let off the gas in the opening round of the 39th Iowa Senior Amateur at Burlington Golf Club. Elliott's opening round 69 (-3) leads by one shot over Burlington's own John O'Neill. Gary Ellis (Norwalk) and Tom Norton (Muscatine) shot 72 (E) and are three strokes back of the pace.
Elliott was able to string together a total of six birdies on the day, including 4 in a ten-hole stretch.
O'Neill, who grew up just a pitching wedge away from the first hole at BGC, put that 'knowledge' of BGC to work. His day began with 13 straight pars and included 16 pars overall mixed in with a pair of birdies.
In the Super Senior Division (65 and older) another 'local' is atop the leaderboard. Fort Madison's Jim Butler put together a 71 (-1) round of his own that included five birdies. Butler managed only three pars on the front nine, but still turned in 35 (-1) thanks to four birdies. John Peters (Muscatine) sits just three back of Butler at 74 (+2).
Click here for a recap of scoring.
Elliott reaches Rd. of 32 at U.S. Senior Amateur
Briggs take lead at 39th Iowa Senior Amateur


nLogic Receives Gold Boeing Performance Excellence Award
Huntsville, AL – nLogic today announced that it has received a 2012 Boeing Performance Excellence Award. The Boeing Company issues the award annually to recognize suppliers who have achieved superior performance. nLogic maintained a Gold composite performance rating for each month of the 12-month performance period, from 1 October 2011 to 30 September 2012.
This year, Boeing recognized 594 suppliers who achieved either a Gold or Silver level Boeing Performance Excellence Award. nLogic is one of only 153 suppliers to receive the Gold level of recognition.
nLogic provides services to The Boeing Company on the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), MDA Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) Block IIB, and U.S. Army Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) Battle Command System (IBCS) programs. Core competencies include system engineering and integration, software development, modeling and simulation, test and evaluation, logistics, information technologies, and cyber security. nLogic was founded in July 2009 and has personnel located in Huntsville, AL; Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA; Fort Greely, AK; Colorado Springs, CO; and Arnold Air Force Base Tullahoma, TN.


Destructed Wall
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{{Infobox |image = FallenWall.png |first = ''[[Myths and Legends in GTA Vice City|Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]'' |second = [[Downtown Vice City]] |image2 = FallenWallMap.png }} '''Destructed Wall''' is a [[:Category:Myth Locations|mythical location]] in ''[[Myths and Legends in GTA Vice City|Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''. ==Description== The myth revolves around a particular wall located in [[Downtown Vice City]], with its upper half destructed by an unknown force. The bricks can be seen lying around the wall. The position, in which the wall is destructed, is suspicious, as the wall's destruction serves no purpose in the game, neither as a passage nor as a stunt set. Players have theorized that there could be an unknown force in the region that caused the destruction. However, nothing has ever been demonstrated to be true, as the destruction remains a myth. The [[Psychic]]s are located near the wall. The wall has been theorized to be included in order to give the place an edge with respect to realism and there has been mild debate about the destruction of the myth that varies from users claiming about unknown forces and users debunking the myth in a rational way and overall, questioning the myth's status all together. However, despite all the discussion, the actual cause of the destruction remains unknown. {{Clr}} ==Navigation== {{GTAVC Myths}}
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History Repeats Itself in Myanmar
by Edoardo DellaferreraPosted on May 5, 2021 May 5, 2021
What happened on February 1st, 2021 in Myanmar has taken the world by storm. Early in the morning, Myanmar leader Aung Sang Suu Kyi and other senior figures from the ruling party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), were detained in a raid carried out by the military after seizing control over the country in a military coup and declaring a year-long state of emergency.
The November election was only the second democratic vote since the country emerged from 50 years of isolationist military rule in 2011. The military alleged that voter fraud took place during the poll, which delivered a far bigger majority for Suu Kyi's party than anticipated. The week before the coup, a military spokesperson said it would not rule out a coup if the unfounded allegations of voter fraud were not properly investigated. On Monday it moved to act on that claim, reasserting its authority with the arrest of numerous political leaders for failing to take action. Myanmar's election commission had rejected the allegations made by the military, saying any errors were not enough to impact the result of the vote. Ten years after her release, Aung San Suu Kyi is back in detention in Myanmar. The events of yesterday do not stand alone; they are part of Myanmar's long struggle for democracy, which has been embroiled in a political stalemate since the 1960s.
The country's origins
Myanmar, previously named Burma, achieved independence on the 4th of January 1948, with U Nu as its Prime Minister. The former British colony became a democratic nation based on the parliamentary system, yet Burma would not remain a democracy for long. Less than two decades later, Burma saw the toppling of its democratic regime, and fell under military rule. On March 2nd, 1962, General Ne Win, former Prime Minister in a caretaker government that was established in 1958, carried out a coup d'état. He arrested U Nu and several other cabinet ministers, justifying the coup as a means to prevent the country from disintegrating, an event that could sound familiar. The repressive military dictatorship followed an ideology called "The Burmese Way to Socialism", which was marked by a period of nationalisation, isolation, and totalitarianism.
Widespread anti-government riots broke out in late 1987 in the major cities, followed by even larger student-led riots in 1988, particularly the 8888 Uprising on 8 August 1988. While the 1960s–1970s saw sporadic riots as well, the sheer intensity of the 1988 riots made it seem as though the country was "on the verge of revolution". In July 1989, Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of the NLD and daughter of Aung San, modern-day Myanmar's Father of the Nation, was placed under house arrest as she was involved in the 8888 Uprising and in May 1990, a general election was held.
(Burma / Myanmar: Women demonstrators from La Wa Ka (Immigration Office), Rangoon, 1988, Pictures From History Lintner Collection)
Nearing the end of the 20th century, Myanmar sought to increase its strategic and economic influence in Asia after decades of isolationism. It was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1997, which implicitly sought to both improve the political and economic climates in Myanmar, as well as contain Chinese influence.
Myanmar into the new millennium
Despite this potential for democratic advancement and increased participation in the global community at the beginning of the 21st century, Myanmar faced backlash once more when it detained Aung Sang Suu Kyi again in 2003. This led to harsher US and EU sanctions. The military's violent response to a demonstration by the monastic community in 2007 also resulted in widespread criticism. The government-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) claimed an expected victory in the November 2010 election, the first election in over 20 years. However, many other political parties alleged electoral fraud, with most international observers agreeing that the election was a sham and a mere tool for the military junta to assert its power.
The parliamentary election in 2015 gave the NLD a major victory. The election was the first one to be freely contested and was deemed to be relatively fair. The NLD hence could form a new government in 2016, although the military still held control in the police force, army, etc. Aung San Suu Kyi was made Foreign Minister, a minister in the President's Office, and State Counsellor, while Htin Kyaw became President. Yet, while Myanmar looked poised to begin a new chapter in its political history, the emergence of the Rohingya Crisis led to further criticism.
Reactions from the world
After the seizure of power by the military, Tom Andrews, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights for Myanmar, said sanctions and international pressure should "be ratcheted up soon and quite vigorously." As a matter of fact, Joe Biden has threatened to resume sanctions on Myanmar following the military coup and the suspension of democracy, and called for international solidarity in confronting the country's generals. The US lifted sanctions on Myanmar in October 2016 after it held elections, established a civilian government, and took other steps towards restoring democracy. The White House press secretary, Jen Psaki, would not say whether measures other than sanctions were being considered, but said the US was in "intensive consultations at multiple levels" with its allies and partners around the world.
On the contrary, the Chinese foreign affairs spokesperson merely noted the coup and refused to discuss whether China, which has substantial oil and gas interests in Myanmar, had warned against such a move when the Chinese foreign minister met its military leadership last month after the heavy defeat of its proxy party at the polls. China has warm relations with Aung San Suu Kyi and they have deepened as western countries criticised her civilian government's response to the Rohingya crisis. The military, on the other hand, is perceived as having a more independent streak that sought to balance against Chinese influence.
The UN secretary general, António Guterres, condemned the coup as a serious blow to democratic reforms in the country. The UN has been at the heart of the so far largely fruitless efforts to arrange for tens of thousands of Rohingya refugees stuck in camps in Bangladesh to return to Myanmar. Bangladesh called for peace and stability in Myanmar and said it still hoped its neighbour would make genuine efforts to move forward the stalled process of voluntary repatriation of Rohingya refugees. Thailand, Cambodia and the Philippines mainly recognised the issue as internal to Myanmar.
How will ASEAN react?
As an international organization, ASEAN has been famous for its strict adherence to the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of member states, such that statements made by political leaders about domestic political crises are frowned upon. There has, however, been a marginal dilution of this principle over the years, most prominently in relation to Myanmar. How can we expect ASEAN to respond to the recent coup?
In 2008, ASEAN member states adopted the ASEAN Charter which contains multiple references to democracy, a new addition to ASEAN's vocabulary. Acquiring such a formal commitment to democracy by a group of largely autocratic governments was not an easy task. A common mode of non-coercive, low-degree intervention for democracy enforcement by regional organizations that emerged in the last two decades is election observation. Developing election observation capabilities would serve as a means for ASEAN to prevent political crises in member states. The presence of ASEAN election observers during the 2020 Myanmar general election might have accorded an additional degree of legitimacy to the electoral process, especially as an endorsement by an organization of which Myanmar is a member, as opposed to by other external observers.
(Mahathir Mohamad, Aung San Suu Kyi and Rodrigo Duterte pose for a photo at the 33rd Asean summit in Singapore. AFP)
In response to the coup, Brunei, currently holding ASEAN's rotating chairmanship, released a statement calling for "dialogue, reconciliation, and the return to normalcy" in Myanmar, citing the ASEAN Charter's democracy principles. Still, members are not aligned on the decision whether to intervene or not. It remains to be seen whether and how ASEAN's official bodies, the AMM or the ASEAN Summit (scheduled for April 2021), will address the Myanmar coup. A need to go beyond symbolic statements, however, is clear.
Expectations of coercive measures by ASEAN, such as sanctions, are almost non-existent, but statements of concern regarding Myanmar's internal affairs increased in recent years. While these may be largely symbolic, they represent a form of low-degree, noncoercive intervention – a step above doing nothing. Whatever be ASEAN's response to the Myanmar coup, the organization stands to learn important lessons from its actions. These lessons will be crucial for developing regional crisis management and prevention mechanisms to fulfil ASEAN's aspirations of strengthening democracy.
A cloudy future
The world was shocked by the events that occurred on the 1st of February 2021 and it seems that the fight for democracy in Myanmar will never end, or will never happen without more years of struggling against the ruling military junta. It is hard to predict the future of the region, but one thing is clear, history continues to repeat itself.
Edoardo Dellaferrera
https://segbsa.com/author/edf-bsa/
The year of negative oil prices, how could it happen?
Posted in Articles, GeopoliticsTagged Conflict, Coup, Crisis, Dictatorship, Myanmar, South-East Asia
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Vous êtes ici : Trend Tablet » unlocked
The constantly changing, ever-evolving stream of naked images displayed through social networks and adult entertainment flood our screens and our minds, yet what does it all mean? We are a lot more accustomed to the changes in the depiction of beauty and fashion throughout the decades and the centuries, however a more taboo subject, comes in the most natural form; nudity. The way we see our bodies, in which situations we imagine ourselves being naked, whether it is lounging in our homes, or taking a shower, how comfortable we are with our bodies can say a lot about us, not only as individuals, but also as a variety of cultures in our society.
Unlocked is a photo narrative by Vassilis Zidianakis, co-founder of Atopos cvc, a non-profit, cultural organisation created in 2003 and based in Athens. Zidianakis takes us on a journey through a 512-page visual publication, with the participation of more than 140 international photographers, to gain a greater perspective on a very contradictive relationship; the one that lasts us our whole lives. The images we find in the book bring strength to the characterization of the purest yet most sullied of forms, subject to great scrutiny and lavishly adored; the human body.
As an original interpretation of our post-photographic digital era, Unlocked represents a new visual language. The book emerged as the first official recording sourced from contemporary digital platforms, and can be seen as evocative, political and leaning towards the subject of anthropological evolution. Daringly crude and delicately intimate images form a way to gain an understanding of our psyche; what shocks, traumatizes, protrudes uncontrollable urges, and unbalances the way we think is exactly what this book aims to do, and it undeniably succeeds in doing so.
For the launch of Unlocked, Atopos cvc hosted an exhibition, where the book was presented as an art object. Through a number of site-specific installations Zidianakis unravelled his research and the production process of the book. The installations included the original aluminium offset printing plates, which were used for the production of Unlocked, alongside an announced performance of a nude, young man and woman strolling through the Atopos library and reading or playing with the book completed Zidianakis'concept.
As an artist, curator and the Artistic Director of Atopos cvc, Zidianakis studied Ethnology and Anthropology as well as History and Civilization at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris. His main focus for the past ten years has been the human body and the various forms and ways of its expression.
Charlotte Hoareau
atopos.gr
259aa7e7cc69e5f35e64f21e01b79869QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ


Home / Products / The Heliocentrics – Out There
The Heliocentrics – Out There
"Malcolm Catto is best known as DJ Shadow's drummer; here he emerges as a talent in his own right, leading a nine-piece band through music that merges eastern and African music with funk, jazz and hip-hop. There are echoes of everyone from Bill Laswell's Material to Ennio Morricone to David Axelrod and Sun Ra, but the glue holding this seven-year odyssey together is Catto, who holds down a similar role here to that which Nigerian afrobeat legend Tony Allen does in his big bands. Catto's thundering, heavy beats allow his musicians the freedom to explore musical territories, and the results are swathed in psychedelia, echo and enigma." – The Guardian
"The band's use of tribal hip-hop beats and splashes of funk makes Out There infectious. Their deft cinematic touches, sci-fi samples and a willingness to use silence for spacing, allows the band to take the journey to the planets of psychedelic, ethnic and avant-garde without sounding pretentious or fragmented…
…Fans of Yesterday's New Quintet who always wished Madlib to push it a few notches funkier will swoon from the first twenty seconds of the album's opener, "Distant Star". Catto, who has been sampled by Yesterday's New Quintet and Madlib, brings immediacy to the song, which is enhanced by Jake Ferguson's bass guitar. A touch of classic DJ Shadow, who Catto and the band worked with on the Bay Area's turntabalist's last album, can be heard on "Once Upon a Time". This is a piece that proves that the flute is nothing to be laughed at, especially with a trip-hop beat behind it." – Pop Matters
The Heliocentrics
2 × Vinyl, LP, Album
Electronic, Hip Hop, Funk / Soul
Experimental, Funk, Psychedelic


Woman Charged with Kidnapping Elizabeth Smart Pleads Guilty and Says Sorry
Wanda Eileen Barzee, the woman charged with kidnapping teenager Elizabeth Smart in 2002, has pleaded guilty to federal charges of unlawful transportation of a minor and kidnapping. The 64-year-old says she will plead guilty to state charges of conspiracy to commit aggravated kidnapping.
At her court hearing on Tuesday, Barzee issued an apology to Smart for the role she played in the teenager's abduction. As part of Barzee's plea agreement, she will help prosecutors with their federal and state criminal cases against Brian David Mitchell, who is her husband.
Now that she has pleaded guilty, Barzee is expected to serve 15 years in federal prison. Her formal sentencing has not yet taken place. If Barzee had been convicted, she might have been sentenced to life in prison.
Mitchell and Barzee are accused of kidnapping Smart, then age 14, from her home. Barzee has admitted that she encouraged her husband to abduct the young girl and that they planned the kidnapping together.
In her plea agreement, Barzee says that she helped her husband control, confine, sexually assault, and transport Smart out of state and back. Smart was found with the couple nine months after her abduction.
Barzee, who was been staying at a Utah State Hospital, was recently declared competent to stand trial following years of being forced to take psychotropic drugs while at the mental hospital. Her husband's competency hearing is scheduled to continue on November 30. His defense attorney says that he is incompetent and cannot defend himself during a criminal trial.
Kidnapper apologizes to Elizabeth Smart, will cooperate, CNN.com, November 18, 2009
Captor of Elizabeth Smart to serve 15 years, Los Angeles Times, November 18, 2009
Related Web Resources:
Read the Plea Agreement (PDF)
Timeline of Smart Case
Plea Agreements
A plea bargain resolves a criminal case that could take months to conclude during a court trial. The outcome of a case is not usually a guarantee when a criminal trial is involved and a plea bargain can allow a defendant to receive a more lenient sentence for pleading guilty to a lesser charge.
An experienced Boston criminal defense attorney can help you determine whether going to trial or striking a plea deal will help you achieve the best outcome for your criminal case. You deserve the best defense available.
Posted in: Felonies and Violent Crimes, Kidnapping and Sexual Crimes


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Demos, Briefings Highlight 68th SwRI Annual Meeting
Milton B. Lee, Chairman. Image Credit: SwRI
February 23, 2016 – At yesterday's 68th Annual Meeting of the Advisory Trustees and Board of Directors, scientists and engineers at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) highlighted six of the more than 4,000 projects they conduct annually. Many of the attendees also toured facilities for first-hand demonstrations of project work.
"The breadth of the science and technology that the engineers and scientists at SwRI conduct is quite remarkable," said Board Chairman Milton B. Lee, who presided at the meeting. "The projects that we get to hear about, and the demonstrations we see today are just a glimpse of the innovative solutions to real-world problems that are worked on every day out here. I am honored to be an integral part of one of the foremost research and development organizations in the world."
David S. Zachry, Vice Chairman. Image Credit: SwRI
Lee and David S. Zachry were elected chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of SwRI's Board of Directors. Lee, retired general manager and CEO of CPS Energy, was Board vice chairman from 2014 to 2015. Both Lee and Zachry, CEO of the Zachry Corp., joined the SwRI Board in 2007.
Staff presented technical programs on a diverse range of subjects, from the SwRI-led New Horizons mission to Pluto, to SwRI lubricant research that helps modern vehicle engines be more efficient, and the Institute's program in large-scale robotics development. Other highlights included a project overview using SwRI-developed software to understand man-made earthquakes and the latest findings on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission to study magnetic reconnection. SwRI is also helping improve solar power and other green technologies.
Attendees also were treated to live, up-close demonstrations of the Institute's capabilities in automated vehicles, guardrail crash testing, and fire technology.
Additionally, SwRI President Adam L. Hamilton, P.E., announced that former astronaut Col. Eileen Collins, U.S. Air Force (Ret.), and Mark Mays, principal, Mays Family Enterprises Inc., were elected to SwRI's slate of Advisory Trustees.
Hamilton was re-elected president, just the fourth person to hold that position since the Institute was founded in 1947.
The re-election of Institute officers was also announced. In addition to Hamilton, SwRI officers include: Walter D. Downing, P.E., executive vice president; Beth Ann Rafferty, CPA,CFO, vice president–finance, and Institute secretary; John W. McLeod, vice president and general counsel; and Linda M. Boehme, CPA, treasurer and assistant Institute secretary.
Also re-elected are Vice Presidents Kenneth H. Bennett, Applied Physics; Dr. James L. Burch, Space Science and Engineering; Susan B. Crumrine, Automation and Data Systems; Danny M. Deffenbaugh, Mechanical Engineering; Paul D. Easley, Facilities and Services; Dr. Michael G. MacNaughton, P.E., Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Steven D. Marty, P.E., Fuels and Lubricants Research; Mary C. Massey, P.E., Applied Power; Dr. Wesley C. Patrick, Geosciences and Engineering; Nils Smith, P.E., Defense and Intelligence Solutions; and Daniel W. Stewart, P.E., Engine, Emissions, and Vehicle Research.
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