Volume 59, Issue 07 (December)
Notes from the Editors
December 2007 (Volume 59, Number 7)
(Dec 01, 2007)
Topics: Marxism Places: Americas United States
This year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Thorstein Veblen, the greatest critic of U.S. capitalism in the early twentieth century and one of the foremost social theorists of all times. Veblen was the subject of a special issue of Monthly Review fifty years ago last July in celebration of the centennial of his birth. He remains important today from our perspective for at least three reasons: (1) he was the first to develop a theory of monopoly capitalism, including a recognition not only of the implications of the rise of a big-business dominated economy, but also the new role assumed in this era by finance, advertising, the penetration of the sales effort into the production process, excess productive capacity, etc.; (2) Veblen provided a strong critique of the ecological destruction of U.S. capitalism (particularly the devastation of forests); and (3) Veblen's unbridled wit and sardonic language coupled with his keen analysis cut to the heart of capitalist ideology. Thus, for instance, he wrote of the ahistorical character given by orthodox economics to such categories as capital and wage labor | more…
Political Islam in the Service of Imperialism
by Samir Amin
Topics: Imperialism Political Economy
All the currents that claim adherence to political Islam proclaim the "specificity of Islam." According to them, Islam knows nothing of the separation between politics and religion, something supposedly distinctive of Christianity. It would accomplish nothing to remind them, as I have done, that their remarks reproduce, almost word for word, what European reactionaries at the beginning of the nineteenth century (such as Bonald and de Maistre) said to condemn the rupture that the Enlightenment and the French Revolution had produced in the history of the Christian West | more…
Abu Ghraib and Insaniyat
by Arshin Adib-Moghaddam
Topics: Imperialism Incarceration Inequality Places: Middle East
The issues that I will cover in this article and the cases I would like to describe make for uncomfortable reading. But I believe that it is important to record the torture at Abu Ghraib prison and elsewhere in Iraq and to deconstruct the culture that accommodated and legitimated it, because what happened cannot be relegated to a mere footnote in the history of the region. I feel the same about Halabja and the chemical warfare employed by Saddam Hussein with the sponsorship of the "international community," which is why I covered it in my other writings.1 I do not want to be misunderstood as arguing that the cultural context I will explain here is all-encompassing, that the U.S. presence in international society is singularly destructive, and that the "West" as an idea is nothing but "intoxicating."2 What I say is much more confined. I am arguing that Abu Ghraib could not have happened without a particular racist current in the United States, that the individuals who committed the atrocities against the detainees were not isolated, and that they were part of a larger constellation with its own signifying ideational attitudes toward Muslims and Arabs. Those are the general claims that I would like to qualify in the following paragraphs | more…
Self-Sourcing: How Corporations Get Us to Work Without Pay!
by Martha E. Gimenez
The expansion of the capitalist world economy, which accelerated after the fall of the socialist bloc, has produced everywhere drastic changes in the division of labor, occupational structure, and the quality and quantity of labor that is in demand. In the United States, public awareness about the causes of job losses (downsizing, capital flight, offshoring, and outsourcing) has vastly increased since it became widely known that these processes caused the loss not only of blue-collar but also of "middle-class" and "upper-middle-class" jobs; i.e., jobs requiring some degree of education and technical competence | more…
On the History of Imperialism Theory
by Research Unit for Political Economy
Topics: Imperialism
In his illuminating survey, "The Imperialist World System: Paul Baran's Political Economy of Growth After Fifty Years" (Monthly Review, May 2007), John Bellamy Foster remarks that "The concept of the imperialist world system in today's predominant sense of the extreme economic exploitation of periphery by center, creating a widening gap between rich and poor countries….had its genesis in the 1950s, especially with the publication fifty years ago of Paul Baran's Political Economy of Growth." While acknowledging that traces of such a concept could be found in Marx and Lenin, he feels that "The classical Marxist approach to the worldwide spread of capitalist relations has often been characterized as a crude theory of linear stages of development" whereby the less developed countries would necessarily traverse the same path as the more developed ones. Among the adherents to this view Foster includes Marxists in the Second and Third Internationals | more…
Rediscovering the History of Imperialism: A Reply
by John Bellamy Foster
The Research Unit for Political Economy's (RUPE's) brief historical account here of the origins of the Marxist theory of imperialism constitutes a crucial corrective to common errors regarding that history. In my article, "The Imperialist World System: Paul Baran's Political Economy of Growth After Fifty Years" (Monthly Review, May 2007), I began by pointing out that Baran's book was an outgrowth of classical Marxist thought—the ideas of Marx, Lenin, and Luxemburg. At the same time it represented a sharp departure from the rigid orthodoxy of linear development that had come to characterize so much of socialist (as well as bourgeois) thought—often presented in terms of Horace's phrase, quoted by Marx, "the tale is told of you." Baran's treatment of the imperialist world system was a startling contribution at the time that his book appeared, challenging the conventional assumptions of both the right and an increasingly calcified left. | more…
The Nabi Papers
by Isador Nabi
Topics: Ecology
Isador Nabi is widely believed to have emerged from the swamps of southern Vermont some time in the 1970s. The first written record of him was a short-lived biography in American Men of Science. Then he seems to have dissolved. But it is said that he is a sort of academic Golem and that whenever greed, obscurantism, careerism, reductionism, and opportunism afflict science, that is, most of the time, he condenses again out of hypothetico-deductive dust in some obscure vault in that library where they bury unread dissertations, and he lurks in and around academia spending his rage in jest. An unsuccessful obituary appeared in Nature in 1981. Since then he has been nominated (by himself) eleven times for the Grammy and his works have been retranslated into English from 116 foreign languages that didn't want them. | more…
A Guaranteed Annual Income Will Not Work
by Ken Collier
Topics: Marxism
In "The Imperative of an International Guaranteed Income" (Monthly Review, April 2007) Stephen Fortunato Jr. presents a pretty good outline of guaranteed annual income (GAI) issues and how they might apply on an international scale. As a Marxist, I take the view that a GAI won't work | more…
Reply to Collier
by Stephen J. Fortunato Jr.
Ken Collier raises concerns about increased rent, transportation costs, etc., that surely must be addressed theoretically and pragmatically in any push for a guaranteed annual income. Political realities, however, do not mean that socialists should take the GAI off the table or abandon living-wage campaigns or any other struggle for social justice | more…
Reclaim the Neighborhood, Change the World
by Vijay Prashad
Topics: Incarceration Inequality Political Economy Race
Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh, Off the Books: The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), 448 pages, hardcover $27.95.
In 1988, the National Urban League reported, "More blacks have lost jobs through industrial decline than through job discrimination." For a civil rights organization, this was a remarkable observation. Born in the era of Jim Crow racism, the Urban League championed the aspirations for upward mobility among urban African Americans. When banks refused to lend money to black entrepreneurs or when municipalities failed to service the black community, the Urban League intervened. One of the demands of the Urban League was for public goods to be shared across racial lines. While the organization was not on the frontlines of the civil rights struggle, it would have been a major beneficiary of the movement's gains. But the tragedy of the civil rights struggle was that its victory came too late, at least thirty years late. Just when the state agreed to remove the discriminatory barriers that restricted nonwhites' access to public goods, the state form changed. Privatization and an assault on the state's provision of social welfare meant that it was not capable of providing public goods to the newly enfranchised citizens. At the same time as the state retreated from its social welfare obligations, the industrial sector in the U.S. crumbled in the face of globalization. Industrial jobs, once the backbone of the segregated black communities, vanished | more…


10,000 years ago Ancestors of Native Americans In Mexico,en route from Asia
Genetic and environmental evidence indicates that after the ancestors of Native Americans left Asia, they spent 10,000 years on a land bridge that once linked Siberia and Alaska. Archaeological evidence is lacking because it drowned when sea levels rose.
University of Utah anthropologist Dennis O'Rourke and two colleagues make that argument in the Friday, Feb. 28, issue of the journal Science. They seek to reconcile existing genetic and paleoenvironmental evidence for human habitation on the Bering land bridge -- also called Beringia -- with an absence of archaeological evidence.
O'Rourke says cumulative evidence indicates the ancestors of Native Americans lived on the Bering land bridge "in the neighborhood of 10,000 years," from roughly 25,000 years ago until they began moving into the Americas about 15,000 years ago once glacial ice sheets melted and opened migration routes.
O'Rourke co-authored the Science Perspective column -- titled "Out of Beringia?" -- with archaeologist John Hoffecker of the University of Colorado at Boulder, and Scott Elias, a paleoecologist at the University of London. Perspective columns in Science don't feature research by the authors, but instead are meant to highlight and provide context for exciting new research in a field or across fields.
"Nobody disputes that the ancestors of Native American peoples came from Asia over the coast and interior of the land bridge" during an ice age called the "last glacial maximum," which lasted from 28,000 to at least 18,000 years ago, O'Rourke says, The ice sheets extended south into the Pacific Northwest, Wyoming, Wisconsin and Ohio. Large expanses of Siberia and Beringia were cold but lacked glaciers.
The absence of archaeological sites and the inhospitable nature of open, treeless landscape known as tundra steppe mean that "archaeologists have not given much credence to the idea there was a population that lived on the Bering land bridge for thousands of years," he adds.
O'Rourke and colleagues say that in recent years, paleoecologists -- scientists who study ancient environments -- drilled sediment cores from the Bering Sea and Alaskan bogs. Those sediments contain pollen, plant and insect fossils, suggesting the Bering land bridge wasn't just barren, grassy tundra steppe but was dotted by "refugia" or refuges where there were brushy shrubs and even trees such as spruce, birch, willow and alder.
"We're putting it together with the archaeology and genetics that speak to American origins and saying, look, there was an environment with trees and shrubs that was very different than the open, grassy steppe. It was an area where people could have had resources, lived and persisted through the last glacial maximum in Beringia," O'Rourke says. "That may have been critical for the people to subsist because they would have had wood for construction and for fires. Otherwise, they would have had to use bone, which is difficult to burn."
A Frozen, Isolated Dawn for the Earliest Americans
During the last glacial maximum, thick glacial ice sheets extended south into what now is the northern United States, sea levels dropped some 400 feet, O'Rourke says. As the glaciers melted, sea levels began to rise, reaching current levels 6,000 years ago.
During the long glacial period, Siberia and Alaska were linked by the Bering land bridge, which contrary to the name's implication, really was a huge swath of land north, between and south of Siberia and Alaska, at the present sites of the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Strait and the Bering Sea, respectively.
At its largest extent, Beringia measured as much as 1,000 miles from north to south and as much as 3,000 miles from Siberia's Verkoyansk Range east to the Mackenzie River in in Canada.
The theory that humans inhabited the Bering land bridge for some 10,000 years "helps explain how a Native American genome (genetic blueprint) became separate from its Asian ancestor," O'Rourke says.
"At some point, the genetic blueprint that defines Native American populations had to become distinct from that Asian ancestry," he explains. "The only way to do that was for the population to be isolated. Most of us don't believe that isolation took place in Siberia because we don't see a place where a population could be sufficiently isolated. It would always have been in contact with other Asian groups on its periphery."
"But if there were these shrub-tundra refugia in central Beringia, that provided a place where isolation could occur" due to distance from Siberia, O'Rourke says.
Genetic and Paleoenvironmental Evidence
O'Rourke and colleagues point to a study of mitochondrial DNA -- genetic information passed by mothers -- sampled from Native Americans throughout the Americas. The study found that the unique genome or genetic blueprint of Native Americans arose sometime before 25,000 years ago but didn't spread through the Americas until about 15,000 years ago.
"This result indicated that a substantial population existed somewhere, in isolation from the rest of Asia, while its genome differentiated from the parental Asian genome," O'Rourke says. "The researchers suggested Beringia as the location for this isolated population, and suggested it existed there for several thousand years before members of the population migrated southward into the rest of North and, ultimately, South America as retreating glaciers provided routes for southern migration."
"Several other genetic-genomic analyses of Native American populations have resulted in similar conclusions," he adds.
"For a long time, many of us thought the land bridge was a uniform tundra-steppe environment" -- a broad windswept grassland devoid of shrubs and trees, O'Rourke says. But in recent years, sediment cores drilled in the Bering Sea and along the Alaskan coast -- the now-submerged lowlands of Beringia -- found pollens of trees and shrubs.
That "suggests Beringia was not a uniform tundra-steppe environment, but a patchwork of environments, including substantial areas of lowland shrub tundra," O'Rourke says. "These shrub-tundra areas were likely refugia for a population that would be invisible archaeologically, since the former Beringian lowlands are now submerged."
"Large herd animals like bison or mammoths likely lived on the highland steppe tundra because they graze. Many smaller animals, birds, elk and moose (which browse shrubs instead of grazing on grass) would have been in the shrub tundra," he adds.
Other research indicates "that much of Beringia -- particularly the lowlands -- appears to have had average summer temperatures nearly identical (or only slightly cooler in some regions) to those in the region today," O'Rourke says. "The local environments likely were not as daunting as many have assumed for years. They probably hunkered down pretty good in the winter though. It would have been cold."
The idea that rising sea levels covered evidence of human migration to the Americas has long been cited by researchers studying how early Native Americans moved south along the Pacific coast as the glaciers receded and sea levels rose. O'Rourke says the idea hasn't been used before to explain the scarcity of archaeological sites in Alaska and Siberia, which were highlands when the land bridge was exposed.
But O'Rourke and his colleagues say archaeological sites must be found in Beringia if the long human layover there is to be confirmed. Although most such sites are underwater, some evidence of human habitation in shrub tundra might remain above sea level in low-lying portions of Alaska and eastern Chukotka (in Russia)."
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of Utah. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
J. F. Hoffecker, S. A. Elias, D. H. O'Rourke. Out of Beringia? Science, 2014; 343 (6174): 979 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250768
Cite This Page:
University of Utah. "10,000 years on the Bering Land Bridge: Ancestors of Native Americans paused en route from Asia." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 February 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140227141854.htm>.
Labels: NATIVE AMERICAN MIGRATION FROM ASIA
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Popular sports challenges making news in detroit
Detroit is among the largest cities within the State of Michigan in the US having an estimated population of 912,062 residents. It is actually a major port on the Det river and it's due to this location of the city that this was named Detroit from the French word dtroit meaning a strait. It was first discovered in 1701 by the Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac. Famous because of its emergence of the automotive centre in addition to its music legacies, Det is known as the American metonym for automobiles industry. Following its success in team sports Detroit began to be known as the City of Champions in the 1930s.
Detroit is home to four professional sports teams in America with just the WNBAS Detroit Shock and NBAs Detroit Pistons that play in the suburban Auburn Hills. Ford Field, Comerica Park as well as the Joe Louis Arena are the major sports venues that this city has. Comerica Park is home to The Detroit Tigers who are a Major League Baseball Team. This baseball club was founded in 1894 and it has gone on to win four World Series Championships. They have also been the winners of the American League ten times. Ever since the year 2000 they were playing in the Tigers Stadium but have since then relocated to Comerica Park.
The basketball team from Detroit is the Detroit Pistols who use the Palace of Auburn Hills as their home base. Their sister team is called the Detroit Shock, which is a part of the Womens National Basketball Association. The Detroit Shock has created news by winning three WNBA championships during 2003, 2006 and 2008 respectively. Much like the Detroit Pistols, they too utilize the Palace of Auburn Hills as their home base.
American Football is another very popular sport in Detroit. The professional football team from this region is called the Detroit Lions that happen to be a part of the National Football League as well as the North Division of the National Football Conference and also have been the winners of the National Football Championships four times. Their current home field is the Ford Field indoor football stadium that has the capability to seat 70,000 football fans.
Detroits professional Ice Hockey team is known as the Detroit Red Wings. It is one of the most favored games played in Detroit giving it the name of Hockeytown. The Detroit red Wings certainly are a part of the Original Six teams of the National Hockey League as well as of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League. After playing for four decades within the Olympia Stadium they shifted their home base to the Joe Louis Arena.
Sailboat racing is another very well liked sport among the people in Detroit. They many yatch clubs of the area fall under the governing purview of the Detroit Regional yatch Racing Association. They have both senior and junior sailing challenges and present special sailing programs for juniors.
Taking spots challenge one stage further, making news is hydroplane racing. Detroit also has an active and exciting hydroplane racing scene. The city holds a yearly unlimited hydroplane boat race for the Gold Cup. Other sports which make news in Detroit are the Formula One Championships in addition to wrestling events. Detroit has additionally hosted WWE events such as Wrestle Mania23 and Wrestle Mania III drawing huge crowds to the city.
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Admissibility of appeal - missing statement of grounds
I. The appeal is directed against the decision of the Opposition Division posted on 21 December 2012.
II. The joint appellants filed a notice of appeal on 21 February 2013 and paid the appeal fee on the same day.
III. By communication of 31 July 2013, received by the appellants, the Registry of the Board informed the appellants that it appeared from the file that the written statement of grounds of appeal had not been filed, and that it was therefore to be expected that the appeal would be rejected as inadmissible pursuant to Article 108, third sentence, EPC in conjunction with Rule 101(1) EPC. The appellants were informed that any observations had to be filed within two months of notification of the communication.
IV. No reply was received.
No written statement setting out the grounds of appeal was filed within the time limit provided by Article 108, third sentence, EPC in conjunction with Rule 126(2) EPC. In addition, neither the notice of appeal nor any other document filed contains anything that could be regarded as a statement of grounds pursuant to Article 108 EPC and Rule 99(2) EPC. Therefore, the appeal has to be rejected as inadmissible (Rule 101(1) EPC).
The appeal is rejected as inadmissible.


Last edited by Voodoogami
3 edition of Supporting Zambia"s education sector under structural adjustment found in the catalog.
Supporting Zambia"s education sector under structural adjustment
Finland. UlkoasiainministerioМ€. KehitysyhteistyoМ€osasto.
report of the FINNIDA & Zambia project identification mission, January-February, 1990
by Finland. UlkoasiainministerioМ€. KehitysyhteistyoМ€osasto.
Published 1990 by Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Finnish International Development Agency in Helsinki .
Zambia,
Zambia.
Education -- Zambia -- Finance.,
Educational assistance, Finnish -- Zambia.
Statement Trevor Coombe ... [et al.].
Contributions Coombe, Trevor., Zambia.
LC Classifications LB2826.6.Z33 F56 1990
Pagination xiv, 74, [29] p. :
The Ministry of Education is responsible for education in the country. The Minister is the political leader. The Permanent Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant and is the head of the administration. He/she is assisted by three deputy permanent secretaries in charge of administration, staffing and technical co-operation, and by the chief inspector of schools in charge of professional. This study examines the impact of structural adjustment policy (SAP) on the welfare of Zimbabweans, particularly women and children and draws some parallels with economic policy in the US and its effect on social welfare programs and the paper argues that economic structural adjustment programs (ESAPs), introduced by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as major.
the private sector, and school communities. To achieve its goals, STEP-Up worked in five task areas: Integrating and strengthening systems for improved decision-making Promoting equity as a central theme in policy development and education management reform Institutionalizing the MOGE's management of HIV and AIDS workplace programs. The structure of the Nigerian economy is typical of an underdeveloped country. Between and , the primary sector, in particular the oil and gas sector, dominated GDP, accounting for over 95 per cent of export earnings and about 85 per cent of government revenue. The industrial sector accounts for 6 per cent of economic activity, while in , the manufacturing sector contributed only.
Structural adjustment in Zambia and Zimbabwe: reconstructive or destructive? Austin M. Chakaodza. Third World Pub. House, - Business & Economics - pages. 0 Reviews. From inside the book. What people are saying Business & Economics / International / Economics History / Africa / South / General Structural adjustment (Economic policy. The drive to adopt the health SWAp in Zambia was dictated by the need to improve aid effectiveness after a perceived failure of vertical projects. This book evaluates the contribution of the health SWAp to aid effectiveness in the health sector in Zambia as an aid mechanism as well as a Cited by: 1.
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Supporting Zambia"s education sector under structural adjustment by Finland. UlkoasiainministerioМ€. KehitysyhteistyoМ€osasto. Download PDF EPUB FB2
Education. Enhancing the quality of, and access to, education and training will be essential to raise the productivity of human capital, reduce poverty, and achieve higher economic growth. The education sector has experienced a deterioration in all major indicators.
The Project development objective is to enable Zambia Railways (ZR), through restructuring and privatization, to substantially increase its operating efficiency, reduce its cost of operations, and configure its freight services and tariffs to meet customers' requirements and expectations, and consequently, to increase its share of the local, international, and transit freight traffic.
Education Under Structural Adjustment per cent of the government annual expenditure being used to support the mining industry (Kelly, ). Bythe real price of copperwas at its lowest for nearly 40 years (Krumm,in Kelly, ).
Coupled with the dwindling income from Zambia's exports was the rise in the prices of oil by: 7. per capita, and formal sector employment have all declined substantially since the introduction of structural reforms over three decades ago.
Unemployment in Zambia remains high and the World Bank estimated in that 70 percent of Zambians lived on less than $1 per day (Haambote, 77). As it pertains to education, by the government couldFile Size: 1MB. Structural Adjustment Defined. Structural adjustment loans (SALs) provide quick-disbursing assistance to countries with external financing needs to support structural reforms in the economy as a whole.
Sectoral adjustment loans (SECALs) support reforms that are limited to a specific sector. Adjustment operations generally aim to: •. Lessons from Structural Adjustment Programmes and their Effects in Africa 59 Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 50 (), No.
1; DLG-Verlag Frankfurt/M. industries producing manufactured exports for the world market. Furthermore, the authors also blame the adjustment policies to have failed to take into account theCited by: Structural adjustment policies were put in place, cutting spending and reducing government involvement in the nut industry and elsewhere.
However, things got worse. At the same time rich countries, such as the US, were subsidizing their own nut (and other) industries, allowing them to gain in market share around the world. the Structural Adjustment Programme, led to a reversal in the sit-uation. ment embarked on the implementation of an Education Sector In-tegrated Programme (ESIP).
The main thrust of the reforms is cost–sharing and decentral-isation of the educational delivery system. al adjustment programme (SAP) in Zambia. The social and eco. What are Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs).
"Structural adjustment" is the name given to a set of "free market" economic policy reforms imposed on developing countries by the Bretton Woods institutions (the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF)) as a condition for receipt of loans. SAPs were developed in the early s as a means of gaining stronger influence over the.
The longer term Structural Adjustment Programme is aimed at the promotion of production and resource mobilisation through the promotion of commodity exports, public sector reform, market liberalisation and institutional reform. The programme seeks to limit the role of government in the economy, promote private sector operations and remove.
SAP Structural Adjustment Programme SAR Staff Appraisal Report SEPI Statement on Education policy Implementation SIA Sector Institutional Assessment SRP Social Recovery Project STEP IN Integrated Skills Training for Employment Promotion TEVETA Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training AuthorityFile Size: 1MB.
The second section will discuss the politics of structural adjustment in Zambia. In particular the role played by two interest groups-business, organised labour in supporting or opposing economic reforms will be examined. Evolution of structural adjustment policies in Zambia, Zambia adopted a systematic structural adjustment programme.
Sikwibele's paper addresses issues of gender and poverty in Zambia currently and beyond In the paper it is argued that poverty level in Zambia seem to have increased with the implementation of Structural Adjustment Programme under the IMF and World Bank directives.
Coordinates. Zambia (/ ˈ z æ m b i ə, ˈ z ɑː m-/), officially the Republic of Zambia (Tonga: Cisi ca Zambia; Nyanja: Dziko la Zambia) is a landlocked country in Southern-Central Africa (although some sources consider it part of East Africa).Its neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast Calling code: + Under pressure from the International Monetary Fund, Kaunda carried out the first sustained attempt at implementing structural adjustment policies infurther worsening the situation (Bigsten.
"Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia." World Bank, Washington, DC. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the t t a iobun: t i r This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an.
Chiluba and structural adjustment In the first multiparty elections for 23 years were held. Kaunda's United National Independence Party was defeated by Frederick Chiluba's MMD. In the same year, the new government embarked on a structural adjustment programme (SAP) which aimed to remove controls on agricultural prices, privatiseFile Size: KB.
The study focuses on the role played by the Bretton Woods Institutions i.e. the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, in the education sector.
SAPs were aimed at improving the overall economic performance as well as enhancing a country's capacity to provide basic social services such as education and health. University of Nairobi.
Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) as propagated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in the s in Kenya occurred against a background of the country's declining economic performance, which increased poverty levels.
Mr Kapaipi says under the support of the Chinese Government, phase I of the project was launched in and began with a budget of US$8 million which catered for eight countries namely Côte d. Zimbabwean people were exploited and marginalised in the colonial era. But the quality of life improved considerably after independence, the country achieving successes in the provision of health, education and other services for the Zimbabwean majority.
The economy overall however did not perform as well as expected in the first ten years of independence.In Zambia, several education Policies have been developed over time to provide a vision and strategies in the education provision.
Major among these policies include the Education Policy Reforms ofFocus on Learning of and the Educating Our Future of In this paper, we examine the performance of the education sector againstFile Size: 73KB.Structural adjustment programme For most of Chiluba's presidency during the s, Zambia was following a programme of economic reforms largely dictated by the IMF and World Bank.
This scheme, known as the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF), allows the world's poorest nations to pay lower interest rates on the money that they owe.
pashupatinathtempletrust.com - Supporting Zambias education sector under structural adjustment book © 2020


Tag Archive for Afghanistan
Afghanistan, California, Intelligence Fusion Centers
(U//FOUO) San Diego Fusion Center Bulletin: Ambulance Used to Conceal Improvised Explosive Device in Afghanistan
On January 27, 2018 at approximately 12:15pm local time, a vehicle resembling an ambulance and laden with explosives detonated after it passed through a police checkpoint in Kabul, Afghanistan. The explosion killed more than 100 people and wounded approximately 235 others. According to the deputy spokesperson for the Afghanistan Interior Ministry, the vehicle was painted to resemble an ambulance and had successfully passed through a checkpoint after the attacker allegedly told police he was transporting a patient to a nearby hospital. While stopped at a second checkpoint farther inside the city limits, the attacker detonated the explosives concealed in the vehicle.
Afghanistan, U.S. Central Command
U.S. Central Command Report on Medecins Sans Frontieres Kunduz Trauma Centre Airstrike
On Oct. 3, 2015, members of U.S. Forces-Afghanistan (USFOR-A) supporting a partnered Afghan force, conducted a combat operation that struck Trauma Center in Kunduz operated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), also known as "Doctors without Borders." U.S. Army Gen. John Campbell, then the Commander of USFOR-A, directed an investigation to determine the cause of this incident. The lead investigating officer was Army Maj. Gen. William Hickman. He was assisted by Air Force Brig. Gen. Robert Armfield and Army Brig. Gen Sean Jenkins. All three generals were brought in from outside Afghanistan in order to provide an objective perspective. The investigation team included over a dozen subject matter experts from several specialty fields.
Medecins Sans Frontieres Initial Review of U.S. Attack on Kunduz Trauma Centre, Afghanistan
The following document is an initial MSF internal review of the events leading up to, during and in the immediate aftermath of the airstrikes on the MSF hospital in Kunduz on Saturday 3 October 2015. This review is based on…
Afghanistan, United Nations
UNODC Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015
The report presents the key findings of the Afghanistan Opium Survey 2015. The full report on cultivation and production will be published in November and a separate report with a socioeconomic analysis will be presented early 2016. The survey is implemented annually by MCN in collaboration with the UNODC. The survey team collects and analyses information on the location and extent of opium cultivation, potential opium production and the socio-economic situation in rural areas. Since 2005, MCN and UNODC have also been involved in the verification of opium eradication conducted by provincial governors and poppy-eradication forces. The information is essential for planning, implementing and monitoring the impact of measures required for tackling a problem that has serious implications for Afghanistan and the international community.
U.N. Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict 2014 Annual Report
The intensification of conflict-related violence in Afghanistan took an extreme toll on civilians in 2014, with civilian loss of life and injury reaching unprecedented levels. UNAMA documented 10,548 civilian casualties (3,699 deaths and 6,849 injured), marking a 25 per cent increase in civilian deaths, a 21 per cent increase in injuries for an overall increase of 22 per cent in civilian casualties compared to 2013.2 In 2014, UNAMA documented the highest number of civilian deaths and injuries in a single year since it began systematically recording civilian casualties in 2009.
The Afghanistan Opium Survey is implemented annually by the Ministry of Counter Narcotics (MCN) of Afghanistan in collaboration with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The survey team collects and analyses information on the location and extent of opium cultivation, potential opium production and the socio-economic situation in rural areas. Since 2005, MCN and UNODC have also been involved in the verification of opium eradication conducted by provincial governors and poppy-eradication forces. The results provide a detailed picture of the outcome of the current year's opium season and, together with data from previous years, enable the identification of medium- and long-term trends in the evolution of the illicit drug problem. This information is essential for planning, implementing and monitoring the impact of measures required for tackling a problem that has serious implications for Afghanistan and the international community.
Joint Chiefs of Staff Guide Offers Blunt Assessment of Afghan National Police
"First time I ever saw an Afghan Police Station I thought it was something straight out of the dark ages, complete with zero electricity, mud structure, and no sewage drainage. Immediately I knew this mission would be challenging and wondered what the heck I got myself into?" This quote from a U.S. Army Captain is just one example of the unusually blunt assessments contained in the Joint Center for International Security Force Assistance (JCISFA) guide for advising the Afghan National Police (ANP). The 2010 version of the JCISFA ANP Mentor Guide, which was obtained by Public Intelligence along with a guide for troops assisting the Afghan National Army (ANA), contains a number of revealing observations on the often poor condition of Afghan National Security Forces, in particular the ANP.
Afghanistan, Joint Chiefs of Staff
(U//FOUO) Joint Center for International Security Force Assistance Afghan National Police Mentor Guide
In order to develop the ANP, the Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan (CSTC-A) uses Police Mentor Teams to help develop them. A shortage of PMTs across the country, however, has led to the formation of in-lieu of advisor teams comprised of Soldiers from land owning units or attached Military Police units. The purpose of this document is to help provide those additional advisory teams with information they need to develop the skills required to effectively augment the CSTC-A program. This handbook will provide an overview of the entire police program including current goals, relationships to other organizations, the Focused District Development Program, key challenges that may be encountered and the duties of key members of the police advising teams including how to work with the team's enablers.
UNODC Study: Impacts of Drug Use on Users and Their Families in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is the world's largest producer and cultivator of opium poppies; it produces almost three quarters of the world's illicit opium. While a significant amount of the opium produced in Afghanistan is trafficked out of the country, in 2009 it was estimated that almost 10 per cent of Afghans aged between 15 and 64 were drug users.
Identity Dominance: The U.S. Military's Biometric War in Afghanistan
For years the U.S. military has been waging a biometric war in Afghanistan, working to unravel the insurgent networks operating throughout the country by collecting the personal identifiers of large portions of the population. A restricted U.S. Army guide on the use of biometrics in Afghanistan obtained by Public Intelligence provides an inside look at this ongoing battle to identify the Afghan people.
Afghanistan, U.S. Army
(U//FOUO) U.S. Army Commander's Guide to Biometrics in Afghanistan
Biometrics capabilities on the tactical battlefield enable a wide variety of defensive and offensive operations. Biometrics help ensure enemy personnel, criminals, and other undesirable elements are not allowed access to our facilities, hired to provide services, or awarded contracts. Biometrics is used to vet members of the Afghan government and military with whom our forces interact. Unfortunately, biometrics capabilities we put in the hands of Soldiers, Marines, Sailors, and Airmen — and that we ask unit commanders to employ — are relatively recent additions to the list of capabilities our military employs on the battlefield today.
Armed conflict in Afghanistan took an unrelenting toll on Afghan civilians in 2013. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) documented 8,615 civilian casualties (2,959 civilian deaths and 5,656 injured) in 2013, marking a seven percent increase in deaths, 17 percent increase in injured, and a 14 percent increase in total civilian casualties compared to 2012.
U.S. Military PSYOP Leaflets from Iraq and Afghanistan
The following are psychological operations (PSYOP) leaflets dropped over Afghanistan and Iraq during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The leaflets are taken from a booklet released commercially by Giovanni Carmine and Christoph Büchel in 2006. The leaflets are written…
Afghanistan, North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO Afghan Ministry of Defense and Afghan National Army General Staff Master Ministerial Development Plan
At the International Conference on Afghanistan held in Bonn in December 2011 and again at the Chicago Summit in May 2012, the international community made a commitment to support Afghanistan in its Transformation Decade beyond 2014. Thus, as Afghan authorities assume the lead for security in all regions, and the NATO-led combat mission changes in scope, ministerial and institutional development will likely continue as an enduring mission. This mission is currently being conducted under the authority of Commander, NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan, Combined Security Transition Command- Afghanistan (NTM-A/CSTC-A) as a U.S. mission through bilateral agreements with Canada and the UK. Within the NTM-A/CSTC-A organization, the Deputy Commander- Army (DCOM-A), in coordination with the Ministry of Defense (MoD), generates and sustains the Afghan National Army (ANA), assists in the development of its leaders, and guides the establishment of an enduring institutional capacity in order to deliver a competent and capable Afghan security force. This plan will be reviewed and revised on an annual basis (in November of each year) to ensure that the advising effort and personnel resources are properly adjusted, as the institutional capability and capacity of the MoD and GS c:continues to develop.
The U.S. Government's Diminishing Expectations Plan for Afghanistan
Public Intelligence has obtained the most recent version of the U.S. Civil-Military Strategic Framework for Afghanistan, the second revision of the document dated August 2013, detailing the U.S. government's goals and priorities for rebuilding Afghan society. Issued by the U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan James Cunningham and signed by the commander of U.S. forces Joseph Dunford, the framework covers U.S. priorities related to governance, the rule of law, socioeconomic development as well as the gradual transfer of authority to the Afghan government. When compared with a previous version of the framework from March 2012, also obtained by Public Intelligence, the document solidifies the prospect of long-term U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, removing optimistic statements about turnover dates and self-sustaining funding estimates and replacing them with measured assessments reinforcing the notion that U.S. and international forces will be present in Afghanistan far into the next decade.
Department of Defense, Department of State
(U//FOUO) U.S. Civil-Military Strategic Framework for Afghanistan
The U.S. Civil-Military Strategic Framework for Afghanistan outlines U.S. priorities through the Transformation Decade (2015-2024). It is meant to be adaptive, giving decision makers in Kabul and Washington, and policy implementers throughout Afghanistan, the flexibility needed to respond to changing conditions while advancing a set of commonly stated strategic goals and priorities.
Opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan reached a sobering record high in 2013. According to the 2013 Afghanistan Opium Survey, cultivation amounted to some 209,000 hectares, outstripping the earlier record in 2007 of 193,000 hectares, and representing a 36 per cent increase over 2012.
(U//FOUO) Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministries of Defense and Interior Organizational Charts
Organizational charts depicting the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministries of Defense and Interior created by NATO Training Mission Afghanistan (NTM-A) and provided to coalition advisers to the Afghan government.
Afghanistan, Defense Intelligence Agency
Defense Intelligence Agency History of Afghanistan Presentation
A presentation from January 2013 created by the Defense Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Human Capital on the history of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan, Department of Defense, U.S. Marine Corps
Marine Corps Intelligence Activity Afghanistan Country Handbook and Cultural Field Guide
This handbook provides basic reference information on Afghanistan, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and transportation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Afghanistan.
Afghanistan, Open Source Center
(U//FOUO) Open Source Center Master Narratives Country Report: Afghanistan
Understanding master narratives can be the difference between analytic anticipation and unwanted surprise, as well as the difference between communications successes and messaging gaffes. Master narratives are the historically grounded stories that reflect a community's identity and experiences, or explain its hopes, aspirations, and concerns. These narratives help groups understand who they are and where they come from, and how to make sense of unfolding developments around them. As they do in all countries, effective communicators in Afghanistan invoke master narratives in order to move audiences in a preferred direction. Afghan influencers rely on their native familiarity with these master narratives to use them effectively. This task is considerably more challenging for US communicators and analysts because they must place themselves in the mindset of foreign audiences who believe stories that — from an American vantage point — may appear surprising, conspiratorial, or even outlandish.
Afghanistan Night Operations Photos
(U//FOUO) U.S. Army Division Commander's Guide to Information Operations
Warfare in the 21st Century necessitates a complete shift in the way we think and the way we fight. More than ever, the use of nonlethal effects is having a profound impact on conflicts. Much of today's battlefield is in the minds of the public, shaped by the spoken word, cyberspace, media, and other means of strategic communications, as well as by our physical actions. Consequently, melding information with physical operations may very well be decisive in counterinsurgency and other stability operations. By melding information operations with physical operations, the division commander, who is executing a war against an insurgency and simultaneously attempting to pacify a populace, can gain the respect, compliance, and support of the people who may tip the balance in his favor. The enemy has become adept at all means of communications, in particular information operations, and uses his actions to reinforce his message. As a result, he influences not only the indigenous population but also the world as a whole.
ISAF Security Force Assistance Guide
This guide is designed to provide NATO partners and troop contributing nations (TCNs) participating as part of the International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) a common understanding of Security Force Assistance (SFA) activities. It provides a summary of the ISAF SFA concept as well as guidance and information concerning SFA activities, countering the insider threat, mission critical tasks, and training requirements in support of Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF).
Afghanistan, Department of Defense
Special Inspector General Strategic Plan for Tracking Anti-Corruption Progress in Afghanistan
Reducing corruption and increasing accountability are important components of the U.S. reconstruction strategy in Afghanistan. Since 2002, the United States has appropriated over $96 billion for reconstruction assistance in Afghanistan and, as part of that assistance, has designated numerous programs or activities to directly or indirectly help strengthen the ability of Afghan government institutions to combat corruption. In 2010, in line with a commitment to provide more assistance directly to the Afghan government, the United States and other donors committed, in part, to providing technical assistance to develop the Afghan government's capacity to reduce corruption. The ability of the Afghan government to deliver services to its citizens without the illicit diversion of resources is crucial to the country's development and the government's standing as a legitimate, sovereign authority. Further, as Afghanistan subsequently enters a transformation phase during which it will need to rely on progressively smaller amounts of funding from international donors, it must work to ensure that the revenue it generates is not susceptible to graft and corruption.


Henshin Host
Henshin Connection
The MJ Chronicles
Tribeca Games 2015
Defend the North 2015
April 9, 2015 Erick The Operator Movies, Press Release 0
May 1: The Avengers: Age of Ultron
Iron Man is the head of the pack this time, as he tries to initiate a peacekeeping program after SHIELD has been destroyed. However, it backfires, and it's up to the Avengers to save the world. With Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Chris Hemsworth, Jeremy Renner andMark Ruffalo.
May 8: Hot Pursuit
An uptight cop, played by Reese Witherspoon, tries to protect the widow (Sofia Vergara) of a drug lord as they run through Texas, chased by gunmen.
May 8: Before I Wake
A story about a child's dreams and nightmares that seem to manifest as he sleeps. It is directed by Mike Flanagan, who did Oculus, so we can bet it's going to be scary. With Kate Bosworth andThomas Jane.
May 15: Mad Max: Fury Road
Max, played by Tom Hardy, decides to wander alone, but he gets caught up with a group fleeing across the Wasteland, escaping from a tyrannical Citadel. With Charlize Theron.
May 15: Pitch Perfect 2
The sequel follows Beca (Anna Kendrick) and her a cappella group through their senior year at Barden University. With Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow and Elizabeth Banks.
May 22: Tomorrowland
A mixed group of people set out to find and unravel what happened to Tomorrowland in order to save the world. With George Clooney.
May 22: Poltergeist
A new take on the classic horror film. A family relocates to a suburban home where a spirit kidnaps their daughter. With Jared Harris, Sam Rockwell and Rosemarie DeWitt.
May 22: The Vatican Tapes
A girl accidentally cuts her finger, and her infection causes erratic behavior that lead specialists to believe she is possessed. The Vatican is then called to exorcise the demon. With Michael Pena.
May 29: San Andreas 3D
A massive earthquake hits California, and a rescue helicopter pilot sets out across the state to find his daughter. With Dwayne Johnson.
May 29: Aloha
A military contractor returns to the site where he established his biggest successes and rekindles an old love while falling for an Air Force watchdog. With Bradley Cooper, Emma Stone,Rachel McAdams, Jay Baruchel, Alec Baldwin and Danny McBride.
June 5: Spy
Susan Cooper (Melissa McCarthy) is a CIA analyst, and when her partner (Jude Law) goes missing in action and another agent takes his place, she offers to go undercover. WithJason Statham and Rose Byrne.
June 5: Insidious: Chapter 3
In the third installment of the Insidious series, the haunting of a teenage girl and her family (which predates the haunting of the Lambert family from the previous movies) is portrayed.
June 5: Entourage
Movie star Vincent Chase and his entourage are back. With agent/studio head Ari Gold in tow, they conquer the realm of Hollywood once again. With Adrien Grenier, Kevin Connolly, Jerry Ferrara, Jeremy Piven and Kevin Dillon.
June 12: Jurassic World
Taking place 22 years after the events depicted in Jurassic Park, a new adventure park has been opened at Isla Nublar as envisioned by John Hammond. Owen, played by Chris Pratt, conducts research on velociraptors as a new attraction backfires. With Bryce Dallas Howard and Jake Johnson.
June 12: Dope
A high school nerd tries to get into Harvard while facing obstacles in her gang-infested neighborhood. With Zoe Kravitz, Forest Whitaker and Blake Anderson.
June 19: The Transporter: Refueled
A driver teams with a leader of a deadly group to take down Russian human traffickers. With Ed Skrein.
June 19: Inside Out
The film is set in the head of a young girl named Riley, who lets the five emotions — Joy, Anger, Digust, Fear and Sadness — guide her through life. With Amy Poehler, Bill Hader, Mindy Kaling,Phyllis Smith and Lewis Black as the emotions.
June 26: Ted 2
In the sequel, Ted is trying to raise a child but needs to prove he is a person first. With Seth MacFarlane, Mark Wahlberg, Amanda Seyfried, Morgan Freeman and Liam Neeson.
July 1: Terminator: Genisys
The fourth movie in the installment includes time travel, dangerous new enemies and Arnold Schwarzenegger. With Emilia Clarke and Jason Clarke.
July 1: Magic Mike XXL
Three years after Mike quit his stripper life, the remaining Kings of Tampa want to end their careers. However, they want to go out in a good way: with one last big performance. WithChanning Tatum, Amber Heard, Jada Pinkett Smith, Matt Bomer, Joe Manganiello and Elizabeth Banks.
July 10: Minions
The minions travel through time, serving such prominent historical figures as T.Rex and Napoleon. But as they kill off every single one of their leaders, Kevin, Stuart and Bob set out into the world to find a new evil boss. With Sandra Bullock and Jon Hamm providing voices.
July 17: Ant-Man
Conman Scott Lang, played by Paul Rudd, has the ability to shrink in scale but get stronger. In the film, he needs to help his mentor protect the secret behind the Ant-Man suit and save the world. With Michael Douglas, Evangeline Lilly and Michael Pena.
July 17: Trainwreck
From a very young age, Amy has been taught that monogamy isn't realistic. But falling for the subject of a magazine article she's writing puts her worldview to the test. Directed by Judd Apatow, with Amy Schumer, John Cena and Bill Hader.
July 24: Paper Towns
Quentin is enlisted by Margo, the most popular girl in school, to help her in seeking revenge against her ex-boyfriend. Quentin has been in love with Margo for a very long time and therefore makes the most out of the situation. With Nat Wolff.
July 24: Pan
In yet another remake of the classic, the film follows an orphan who travels to Neverland, where he ultimately becomes Peter Pan. With Hugh Jackman, Rooney Mara, Amanda Seyfried and Cara Delevingne.
July 24: Pixels
A group of video game characters attack New York City and video game experts are hired by the government to deal with the threat. With Kevin James, Adam Sandler, Peter Dinklage, Michelle Monaghan and Jane Krakowski.
July 31: Mission: Impossible 5
A movie about Ethan Hunt and the IMF team. With Tom Cruise, Jeremy Renner and Alec Baldwin.
July 31: Self/Less
A wealthy man is dying from cancer and undergoes a surgery where his consciousness is transferred to the body of a healthy young man. But danger awaits as he starts to uncover the mystery of the body's origin. With Ryan Reynolds, Ben Kingsley and Natalie Martinez.
August 7: Fantastic Four
The comic book team gets rebooted in this blockbuster about four scientists who try to save the world with their superhuman abilities. With Miles Teller, Kate Mara, Jamie Bell and Michael B. Jordan.
August 7: Masterminds
A security guard for an armored car company stages a bank heist. With Kristen Wiig, Zach Galifianakis, Jason Sudeikis and Owen Wilson.
August 7: Ricki and the Flash
A music star tries to patch things up with her family. With Meryl Streep, Sebastian Stan, Mamie Gummer and Kevin Kline.
August 14: The Man From U.N.C.L.E.
Based on the classic TV spy series, the film centers on a CIA agent who teams up with a KGB operative to thwart a terrorist threat. With Henry Cavill, Armie Hammer and Hugh Grant.
August 14: Straight Outta Compton
The story of N.W.A's rise to fame in the mid-1980s. With Corey Hawkins, O'Shea Jackson Jr., Jason Mitchell and Paul Giamatti.
August 14: Underdogs
An animated feature about a young man who teams up with a group of foosball players. WithBella Thorne, Nicholas Hoult, Ariana Grande and Katie Holmes providing voices.
August 21: Criminal
A convict is given the abilities and memories of a dead CIA agent. With Ryan Reynolds, Alice Eve,Kevin Costner, Gary Oldman and Tommy Lee Jones.
August 21: Sinister 2
A follow-up to the 2012 horror film, this sequel centers on a young mother moving into a creepy rural home with her twin sons. With Shannyn Sossamon and James Ransone.
August 28: Hitman: Agent 47
An assassin helps a woman find her father. With Rupert Friend, Zachary Quinto and Ciaran Hinds.
August 28: Regression
A father can't remember committing the crime that he is accused of. With Ethan Hawke andEmma Watson.
Season 5 Episode 20: Suicide Squad Review
Season 5 Episode 19: Sausage Party Review
Season 5 Episode 18: Critic Review Discussion
Season 5 Episode 17: Pokemon Go Review
Season 5 Episode 16: My Hero Academia S1 Review
THE OLD SCHOOL KUNG FU FEST 2015 IN NYC!
NEW Ant-Man Trailer!!
FULL-SCALE FINAL FANTASY GAME SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR MOBILE DEVICES COMING TO THE WEST
SHORYUKEN! UDON'S STREET FIGHTER UNLIMITED TO BE COLLECTED IN HARDCOVER VOLUMES STARTING THIS SUMMER
WIZARDS OF THE COAST AND VIZ MEDIA ANNOUNCE THE ART OF MAGIC: THE GATHERING: KALADESH
Garage Hero Announce New Project!
McFARLANE TOYS TEAMS WITH VIDEO GAME GIANT TITANFALL
Season 5 Episode 15: Mighty No. 9 Review
Season 5 Episode 14: Independence Day – Resurgence Review
Season 5 Episode 13: Netflix's Voltron Review
Season 5 Episode 12: Crista Classic – The Last Dragon Review
Season 5 Episode 11: E3 2016
Season 5 Episode 10: Warcraft Movie Review
Season 5 Episode 9: The CW's Arrow Season Finale
Season 5 Episode 8: TMNT Out of the Shadows Movie Review
Season 5 Episode 7: X-Men Apocalypse Movie Review
Season 5 Episode 6: The Flash Season 2 Finale
Shout! Factory Announces Kakuranger Stateside Release!
Shout! Factory Hosting Super Sentai Zyuranger Marathon!
Gabe Yokum & Matt Summo From Double Take Comics
Funko's Mark Robben Interview
Deadpool Movie – Greg LaSalle Interview (Colossus Facial Motion Capture Performer)


WMO's State of the Climate report – experts respond
Expert Reactions | Published: 14 November 2013 28 March 2016
The World Meteorological Organization has released its Provisional Statement on the Status of the Global Climate 2013. The preliminary assessment of global temperatures for the first nine months of 2013 has indicated that this year will likely be among the 10 warmest years since global records began in 1850.
Download the WMO report here.
It also found that January to September 2013 ties with 2003 as the seventh warmest such period on record.
The report also highlights the extreme temperatures experience by Australia in 2013.
Below, experts from New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom provide commentary on the report. Contact the SMC to speak to any of these experts.
Dr Jim Salinger, climate scientist and former president of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology at the World Meteorological Organization comments:
"The globe continues to warm, whether it is the increase in surface temperature, shrinkage of Arctic sea ice, or melting of mountain glaciers.
"Here in New Zealand 2013 produced the warmest winter since reliable climate records began in the 1860s, with many fewer frosts than normal. The results of the end of summer snowline surveys show that the glacier ice volume of the Southern Alps has melted to approximately 38 cubic kilometres, 30 percent less than when the surveys commenced 37 years ago.
"Climate warming is alive and well in New Zealand."
Comments gathered by the AusSMC
Dr David Jones is Manager of Climate Monitoring and Prediction Services at the Bureau of Meteorology comments:
"Each year, the Bureau of Meteorology provides Australian climate data to the World Meteorological Organization for inclusion in the WMO Status of the Global Climate.
"This year Australia recorded its warmest 12-month period on record in the period ending August. This record was broken in the 12 months to September and again in the 12 months to October. Australia recorded its hottest day on record on 7 January during the heatwave that affected large areas of Australia. This trend continued with the warmest winter day on record on 31 August."
Dr Steve Rintoul is Research Team Leader at CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and leader of the Oceans Program at the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, comments:
"As the report points out, 2013 was a record-breaking year for Australia, with the warmest month, summer and year on record. Temperature measurements in any one year, of course, can't tell us much about climate trends. To say if the earth is warming up, we need to look at a longer time period. A more significant point is that global-average temperature in each of the last three decades has been warmer than any prior decade dating back to 1850, as reported in the recently released IPCC report. The report also provides compelling evidence that human activities are primarily responsible for the warming over the last 50 years."
Dr Sarah Perkins is a Research Associate in the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science at the University of New South Wales, comments:
"The robust findings in the WMO report are consistent with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology reports and updates, as well as the conclusions from the comprehensive literature review provided by the IPCC 5th assessment report. Australia has seen the hottest 12 months on record broken three times over consecutive months during 2013. Such events are concerning, as they have occurred during the absence of El Nino, which is the phase of the ENSO variability cycle that is more readily associated with warmer than average temperatures. The much warmer than average temperatures contributed to the increased bushfire risk experienced this spring, with the bushfire season occurring earlier than ever before.
Moreover, peer reviewed scientific studies have shown that the probability of an extremely hot summer, such as 2012-2013, occurring was increased by 2.5-4 times because of human induced climate change. As greenhouse gas emissions due to human activity continue to rise, we can expect to see more records like this being broken well in to the 21st Century. This is extremely concerning for Australia, as increases in temperatures, particularly extreme events such as heat waves, have profound and adverse impacts on human health, infrastructure, agriculture and natural systems."
Professor Kevin Parton is at the Institute for Land, Water and Society at Charles Sturt University, NSW, comments:
"The overall message of the World Meteorological Organization statement is that recent conditions from all parts of the globe have been precisely what climate scientists predicted would occur under conditions of global warming. Apart from increasing global temperatures, the statement points to many, many examples of extreme weather from the UK to Russia, and from the Sudan to Argentina. It also highlights huge impacts of climate change on Arctic Sea Ice, the Greenland Ice Sheet, Antarctic Sea Ice and the rise in global sea level. If you look only at heat waves over the last 12 months, then extreme conditions occurred in Australia, South Africa, Pakistan, Austria, Finland, China and Japan."
Dr Richard Corkish is Head of the School of Photovoltaic & Renewable Energy Engineering at the University of New South Wales and Chief Operating Officer of the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, comments:
"The report released today by the WMO is alarming and a clear motivator for leadership to push through barriers and resistance to rapid mass adoption of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources as the default underpinnings of our society and economy. There are no cheap paths ahead and all the options become more difficult and expensive with further delay and misdirection of resources. Renewables are increasingly competitive and grid parity with conventional electricity has been reached in many parts of the world already. Efficiency improvements commonly come at negative cost. It is past time to act!"
Comments gathered by the UK SMC
Dr Stephan Harrison, Associate Professor in Quaternary Science at the University of Exeter, said:
"The recent disaster in the Philippines has shown how vulnerable communities are being impacted by extreme weather events. All the science says that such events are expected to get worse and more frequent.
"The latest message from the WMO on global temperatures should therefore be another wake up call to politicians from the developed and developing world. Current trajectories for adaptation and mitigation are wildly inadequate to meet the challenges of global climate change".
Dr David Reay, Senior Lecturer in Carbon Management at the University of Edinburgh, comments:
"Year by year, decade after decade, our planet continues to warm. The short-term spikes and troughs caused by ocean circulations make it easy to overlook the insidious spread of more and more heat through the world's land, water and ice. 2013 is on course to be yet another new entry in the top ten warmest years ever recorded but, as global temperatures keep on rising, its chances of staying there are slim indeed."
Professor Richard Allan, Professor of Climate Science at the University of Reading, comments:
"The planet's climate is hugely complex but thanks to increasingly realistic simulations and more comprehensive observations the human contribution to the warming of climate is becoming increasingly clear.
"In the last 40 years global surface temperatures have risen by 0.5 degrees C. This doesn't sound much but is about 10% of the global temperature rise since the last ice age 20,000 years ago – when ice sheets covered parts of the UK."
On the slowdown:
"Global surface warming has slowed over the last 15 years but heat has continued to accumulate within the oceans since 2000 – at a rate equivalent to each of the 7 billion humans on the planet using twenty 2kW kettles to continuously boil the sea.
"The most up-to-date research shows that natural fluctuations in the ocean have caused the heating from rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to build up at deeper levels below the sea surface rather than the upper layers which influence surface temperatures.
"This is important since it provides evidence that the slowdown in surface warming is temporary and we can expect a return to substantial surface warming over the coming decades."
On Arctic ice:
"Arctic ice volume has recovered slightly from the record minimum in 2012 yet the 5000 cubic kilometres of Arctic sea ice remaining in September 2013 is less than half the 1979-2012 September average – and it is obvious that the extent and volume have been diminishing rapidly over the last 30 years."
On tropical storms:
"It is more likely than not that there will be an increase in intense tropical cyclone activity in the Western North Pacific and North Atlantic by the late 21st century. This is based upon detailed simulations but also on basic physics: more ocean heat and greater quantities of moisture can increase their power and rainfall intensity; while changes in winds throughout the atmosphere and sea surface patterns which influence where Typhoons and Hurricanes will occur – and how severe they will be – are more difficult to pin down."
Prof Sir Brian Hoskins, Director of the Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, comments:
"This report highlights the continuing influence we are having on the world's climate. The levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are now about 40% higher than pre-industrial times, causing a substantial increase of the net amount of energy entering the Earth's climate system.
"We can clearly see the impact this is having on rising sea levels, decreasing Arctic sea ice, and in the large number of high temperature records broken around the world. The record super-typhoon in the Philippines came too late to be included in this report but is also an indicator of events that have become more likely in our changing climate. In addition, the WMO have now said that 2013 appears to be on track to be one of the 10 warmest years since 1850."
Prof Peter Wadhams, Professor of Ocean Physics at the University of Cambridge, comments:
"The Philippines tragedy was made worse by the facts that sea level rise is leading to bigger flooding effects from storm surges, and that the rise in sea surface temperature worldwide is allowing a typhoon to build up higher energy levels.
"The report also states 'the coldest years now are hotter than the hottest years before 1998'. What they are saying is that despite interannual fluctuations (always jumped upon by climate sceptics) the trend is so strongly upwards in temperature that even 'hot' years in our memories (e.g. summer 1976 in the UK) are – when globally averaged – actually cooler than even the coolest year in our present era."
Prof Jonathan Gregory, Climate Researcher at the University of Reading, comments:
"Thanks to satellite observations over recent years, we now have much improved estimates – not only of the rate of global mean sea level rise, but what is contributing to it. The sum of these contributions agrees with what we observe in the real world, so we are very confident that we can account for this trend in sea level rise as being the result of thermal expansion (as the ocean water warms up) and ice loss on land (from glaciers and ice sheets)."
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Collection: Texas Digital Newspaper Program Title: Freie Presse für Texas Year: 1907 Day: 1st Clear All Filters
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7531, Ed. 1 Friday, February 1, 1907
Description: Daily German-language newspaper from San Antonio, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Creator: Hanschke, Robert
Partner: UNT Libraries
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7555, Ed. 1 Friday, March 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7581, Ed. 1 Monday, April 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7607, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7634, Ed. 1 Saturday, June 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7660, Ed. 1 Monday, July 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7686, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7737, Ed. 1 Tuesday, October 1, 1907
Freie Presse für Texas. (San Antonio, Tex.), Vol. 42, No. 7764, Ed. 1 Friday, November 1, 1907
February 1 1 March 1 1 April 1 1 May 1 1 June 1 1 July 1 1 August 1 1 October 1 1 November 1 1


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EXCLUSIVE PREMIERE: Casi Joy Shares Behind The Scene Video for "Everything's Fine"
by jwills | July 26, 2022
Casi Joy's single "Everything's Fine" is out now.
When it comes to making the video for the track, The Voice alum says, "This video shoot was probably the most fun we've had on set!"
Casi also made the video a family affair, "I think my favorite part of the video is that my mom, dad, husband, brother, nieces, nephew, and one of my best friends are in the video! It made it so fun to have them there with me especially since I needed kids to yell at on the rink!"
But making the video for "Everything's Fine" wasn't all fine, "The scariest scene to shoot, however, was the vacuum biting the dust! We only had one chance to have the powder explode in my face, so everything had to be perfect on the first try."
And it was, but Joy adds, "I think I still have baby powder in my eyeballs, but it was so worth it!"
Check out the behind the scenes fun on the video shoot for "Everything's Fine" here…
Now that you've seen how it was made, watch the official music video for Casi Joy's "Everything's Fine" here.
Photo Courtesy of Casi Joy
written by jwills | published July 26, 2022 1:00 pm
category: NCD News | related posts: Casi Joy, Everything's Fine
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