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Nike's 50th anniversary: How the swoosh has changed running forever
Kate Carter
9 December 2022, 3:36 am ·18-min read
Nike's 50th birthday Nike
Fifty years after the birth of Nike, it's impossible to imagine the running world without it. From record-breaking shoes to Olympic kit, via running crews and online ads, the swoosh is everywhere. And yet, implausible though it now seems, the Nike story began, unpromisingly, with a piece of college homework. In 1962, former college runner Phil Knight, finishing his MBA at Stanford, handed in a thesis on Japanese shoe companies being poised to enter the US. It's not an obvious eureka moment. The Second World War is a fresh memory, and hostility to Japan lingers. So when Knight decided to pack a rucksack, fly to Japan and persuade a shoe company to let him import its shoes, it must have seemed like lunacy.
That, though, was the beginning of Nike, or rather of its precursor, Blue Ribbon Sports. Importing 'athletic' shoes from Onitsuka (later to become Asics), Knight sold them not with the slick campaigns and celebrity endorsements that would later follow, but from the back of his car, bankrolled by money borrowed from his exasperated dad.
But if Knight's self-proclaimed 'crazy idea' seemed foolhardy to most, it didn't to Bill Bowerman. The legendary coach had put Knight through his training paces on the University of Oregon track team, and Knight knew about his obsession with running shoes all too well. 'Bowerman was constantly sneaking into our lockers and stealing our footwear,' Knight recalls in his autobiography, Shoe Dog. 'He'd spend days tearing them apart, stitching them back up, then hand them back with some minor modification, which made us either run like deer or bleed. Regardless of the results, he never stopped... He always had some new design, some new scheme to make our shoe sleeker, softer, lighter.'
It's now 50 years since Blue Ribbon became Nike, yet that description – with its obsessive attention to detail – could have been written today. Bowerman was a design innovator – and a whole lot more besides. In 1967, he published a slim, rather unpromising-sounding volume titled Jogging. Its fundamental message was simple: if you have a body, you are an athlete. It sold millions. Before long, in Knight's words, 'Running was no longer just for weirdos. It was no longer a cult. It was almost – cool?
Bill Bowerman tinkering with designs, always in search of perfection Nike
The birth of the cool
'Almost cool' soon became 'very cool', in large part thanks to a kitchen gadget. At breakfast one morning in 1971, Bowerman was mulling over the perfect balance of spring and grip. He found his gaze drifting over to the grid pattern on his kitchen's waffle iron, so he took it to the garage and filled it with some toxic chemical mix – and promptly destroyed it. But Bowerman was not the type of man to quit. Several experiments later, he had come up with his sole-shaped waffle design. He sewed it on to a pair of running shoes and gave it to one of his runners, who ran like the wind. And so the Waffle trainer was born – later nicknamed the 'Moon Shoe' because the footprints it left behind resembled those left on the soil of the moon by Apollo 11 astronauts. Twelve pairs of the prototype were initially made for runners at the 1972 Olympic trials, but just a year later, a more refined commercial version was released. By 1974, it had built a reputation as America's favourite training shoe. Such is its remarkable status in running history, that in 2019, an unworn pair of those first prototype Waffles sold for nearly $500,000 at auction.
But the Waffle isn't just another footnote in running history – it was also one of the first pieces of athletic wear to cross from function to fashion. 'It didn't just feel different or fit different – it looked different. Radically so,' recalled Knight. And then, his innate marketing genius spotted something that was set to change Nike's fortunes forever. 'Watching that shoe evolve... from popular accessory to cultural artefact, I had a thought: people might start wearing this thing to class. And to the office. And the grocery store. And throughout their everyday lives ...'
And so Knight gave the order: factories were to start making the trainer in blue, which would go better with jeans. Such a simple idea, so obvious in retrospect. But arguably, that is the moment when running gear as fashion really began. Soon after, Hollywood superstar Farrah Fawcett was pictured skateboarding in a pair of Nike Cortez – one of the new Nike shoes 'providing advanced shock absorption at the heel'. What Fawcett wore was instantly fashionable – and Nike became a household name.
The Original Swoosh Design for Nike by Carolyn DavidsonNike
Air to the throne
The Waffle's design, with a unique outsole combining grip and bounce, was a step change in running shoe design. Not long after, another game changer arrived. In 1979, Nike released the Tailwind, advertised as 'the shoe with air – captured in the permanently inflated midsole channels'. Developed by a former Nasa engineer, Marion Frank Rudy, the Air technology replaced traditional EVA soles with gas-filled pouches. Unlike in the now-familiar Nike Air shoes, those pouches or bubbles were not designed o be visible to the outside eye – that idea came with the Nike Air Max 1 in the 1980s. But it was with the Tailwind that this new cushioning concept was born.
The Tailwind – which runners loved, but which suffered some technical setbacks – led to super-light marathon shoe the Eagle, and in 1981 to the Mariah, the first racing shoe featuring the 'Air-Sole: channels of pressurised gas... encapsulated within a polycushion midsole, providing a cushion of "air" which absorbs and redistributes the energy generated with every foot strike.'
Although the Mariah and its technology was a hit, it was one within a limited market of serious road racers. Racers and the fashion-forward might be happy – but with the running boom showing no signs of slowing, a mass-market shoe was clearly needed. So, in 1982, the Nike catalogue offered a new design, priced at $50, intended to work for as broad a range of runners as possible. This new shoe featured an 'Air Wedge' in the heel, a unit that 'improves shock absorption by 12% over an EVA wedge', where your everyday runner needed it most. The name of the shoe? The Pegasus.
Four decades later, the Pegasus remains a stalwart of Nike's running stable, routinely selling more than some of Nike's competitors' entire lines. Since its introduction, more than 160 million pairs of the workhorse with wings have flown around the world. While other shoes have come and gone, offering more speed, more cushioning or a more barefoot feel, the Pegasus has remained a favourite for generations of runners, not least for its longevity on the road. As the first Pegasus ad put it, 'Never will so many own so much for so little.'
The X-Factor
Technological innovation in running – always looking for something faster, bouncier, more responsive – was woven into Nike's DNA by Bowerman himself. But Nike's genius has always been to combine innovation with sometimes provocative marketing – and to work with some of the biggest names in running. Of course, since baseball players appeared on cigarette cards in the late 19th century, companies have been signing cheques to athletes for their endorsements, so no one would claim that Nike invented athlete sponsorship. But that the brand has redefined that relationship is undeniable.
US running legend Steve Prefontaine, who was once described as the 'cornerstone' of Nike's soulTony Duffy
Oddly enough, Nike's first signing was not a runner but a tennis star – the legendary Romanian Ilie Năstase. But Nike's second athlete was infinitely more significant – Bowerman's star pupil and US track legend, Steve Prefontaine. Though his life was tragically cut short at just 24 years old, 'Pre' is still venerated today, with Knight describing his spirit as the 'cornerstone of this company's soul' and a building named in his honour at Nike's corporate HQ in Oregon. 'Pre preached Nike as gospel,' wrote Knight, 'and brought thousands of new people into our revival tent. He urged everyone to give this groovy new brand a try – even his competitors.' What Pre gave Nike was that most valuable commodity: cool.
The first women's Olympic Games marathon champion, Joan BenoitABC Photo Archives - Getty Images
From Pre onwards, Nike has also relied on the feedback of its athletes, with designs constantly tweaked to suit their needs and guide its quest for the fastest, most comfortable running shoes. But Nike's relationships with its athletes have also helped to fuel fundamental changes in running. By the late 70s, female athletes were increasingly frustrated with the status quo, with still no distance races for women in the Olympics beyond 1500m. So, in 1979, marathoner and world- record holder Jacqueline Hansen teamed with others – including Nike athlete Joan Benoit – to form the International Runners Committee to lobby for inclusion. Nike threw its weight behind the campaign, running full-page ads in running magazines calling for a women's Olympic marathon. Despite resistance, these efforts paid off, and in 1984, the 3000m was added to the women's programmme at the LA Olympics along with the marathon, which was won by Benoit.
It's easy to be cynical: backing campaigns is a sure way to generate publicity, and no one can ignore Nike's moments of controversy, from criticism of factory conditions in Indonesia to its treatment of signed female athletes through pregnancy. Yet Nike's influence has also helped push through change in running – and in the wider world, too. In 1995, an early 'Just Do It' campaign featured long-distance runner Ric Muñoz running over stunning trails and sharing his weekly mileage and 10 marathons a year. Only at the end is the powerful punch: his HIV-positive status. Aids activists applauded the ad, saying it helped remove some of the disease's stigma.
Back to its roots
In 1992, Knight told an interviewer, 'From the start, everyone understood that Nike was a running shoe company, and the brand stood for excellence in track and field. It was a very clear message, and Nike was very successful.' Yet by the turn of the millennium, Nike was no longer anything as simple as a running shoe company: it was a sporting behemoth, a marketing powerhouse and a global brand. And that shift arguably took them away from the original core market.
Perhaps it was a sense inside Nike of needing to reconnect to those roots that led to a significant investment into grassroots-running activities from the early 2000s. Nike has always been a presence in big elite races, but putting on its own mass-participation races became a much more direct way to talk to, and support, runners. From 2001 to 2008, Nike London races challenged runners to 'Go Nocturnal' or 'Run A Year', while in 2013 to 2014, the all-women We Own the Night series took over European cities.
Nike was able to reach out and connect with runners not just in the real world, but virtually, too, with the launch of the Nike Run Club app in 2010. Such is the reach of the app that there have since been more than 75 million downloads, 1.6 billion runs started and 48 million unique users.
At the same time, Nike was starting to identify and support running crews – new, urban running groups with a more diverse demographic than traditional running clubs. From Run Dem Crew in London to NBRO Running in Copenhagen or Black Roses in New York City, crews attracted runners who hadn't seen themselves represented in the sport before. With a young demographic full of energy, they were also, frankly, a lot cooler, which began to shift the image and perception of grassroots running yet again.
Sponsorship deals come and go, crews, clubs and athletes switch between brands, but Paula Radcliffe's relationship with Nike is one of the most long-standing in sport, and it has given her a deep insight into how the brand works with athletes. The former world marathon record holder signed with Nike in 2000, and in keeping with the company's ethos of involving its elite athletes in the research and development process, from the beginning she was actively involved as a shoe tester.
'Around 2001, 2002, we started working on the Zoom Marathoner,' Radcliffe recalls. 'So I actually got to design my perfect shoe around me. I can't think of one designer who ever made me feel that I couldn't be completely honest. And I've gone back and said, "This is rubbish..." And that feedback would absolutely be taken on board and acted on.'
Those shoes helped Radcliffe break the world record by an astonishing margin at the 2003 London Marathon, clocking 02:15:25 and slicing three minutes off her previous time. It was the epitome of the Nike model: make a shoe perfect for the fastest runner in the world, then filter it down to the mass-participant runner. After all, who doesn't want to run in the fastest shoe in the world?
Images from the mood board of Stefan Guest, a senior designer at NikeNike
Following the science
Whether you're amateur or elite, performing better is the common goal. And if technology can help us do that, it'll sell. These days, it's common for shoe launches to be studded with facts and figures on how they can improve your economy or reduce fatigue. But way back in 1981, the Nike Mariah was the first shoe to be explicitly marketed using science and lab testing. Indeed, the 1985 Nike catalogue said, 'Tests reveal that running in the Mariah reduces energy expenditure by 2%.'
These days, Nike has its own labs and testing facilities. Tony Bignell has worked at Nike for more than 20 years, including 10 as VP of innovation in footwear. He laughs when he describes Nike's LeBron James Innovation Center, one of the largest sports science research labs in the world. 'This mix of creative dreamers across so many diverse disciplines – behavioural scientists, materials experts, engineers, designers – are focused on the singular goal of listening to and serving our athletes. When their individual excellence comes together as one, that's when the magic of Nike happens.
'The beauty, I think, is when you can pull everyone behind listening to the athlete,' he says. 'Let's obsess [over] what they say. Let's obsess on making them better. The mission is really simple – make athletes better and then make the world better for athletes. That's what you're trying to do.'
This was the ethos behind the Breaking2 project: an idea not simply to create a shoe that would help athletes run faster, but to give it an actual, measurable success/failure metric. Although the marathon world record was inching slowly down, it was still a fair margin over the two-hour barrier. To knock those minutes off, you would need one hell of a shoe. You'd need, really, to reinvent it. And you'd need the perfect athlete to test it – then race in it. Luckily, Nike had the latter already.
From his bedroom in Iten, Kenya, training for what will turn out to be another world record in Berlin, Eliud Kipchoge muses over his relationship with Nike. 'I have to say that it has been a tremendous journey,' he says. 'I've been with Nike for 19 years now, but the best moments have been in the past 10 years when I've really been involved inside the company, testing the shoes, testing the apparel. I'm really happy to be involved in doing this work, from the bottom of my heart. When we started [the sub-2:00 project], it was very small, but then it expanded and where we are now... I can say that it's a game changer.' If anything, it's an understatement. The Vaporfly, and subsequently the Alphafly, have changed running history, worn to set official world record after world record as well as to break that two-hour barrier.
But it has been a long journey. The project started as early as 2014 with a first prototype, essentially a heel-less racing flat with a carbon fibre plate. Test runners hated it. In 2015, foam was added – a huge wodge of super-light foam usually used in aircraft insulation, which they named ZoomX. Embedded in that was a carbon fibre plate. In Kenya, Kipchoge was giving his feedback. He describes a process of constant tweaking: 'I try the shoes, I send my honest feedback, and again, and it's an interesting journey – a happy journey!'
The two-hour barrier is smashed by Eliud Kichoge in Vienna in 2019HERBERT NEUBAUER
As always with Nike, says Bignell, you centre on the athlete. 'The model has always been start with a Paula or an Eliud or whoever may be at the top of the pinnacle. Because they know their bodies really, really, really well,' he says.
The original Breaking2 attempt on the Monza racetrack in Italy in May 2017 ended in a rather glorious 'failure' – Kipchoge ran 2:00:25. He was watched, in an interesting demonstration of Nike's grassroots to elite influence, by runners invited from various Nike-supported crews from around the world. But in 2019, the 'impossible' barrier was broken by Kipchoge in Vienna, clocking 1:59:40 while wearing the prototype Alphafly, with two Air pods under the sole for even more energy return.
Then, in September, he wore the latest Nike Alphafly to take 30 seconds off his official world marathon record in Berlin for a time of 2:01:09. The step change brought by carbon plates is undeniable. Some may mutter about 'shoe doping', but without Nike's support of elite athletes, and events, be it championships or projects such as Breaking2, the profile of running would be unimaginably different. And considerably slower.
Given how long Breaking2 had been under way before we even heard of it, it's tempting to imagine a group of designers locked in a secret Nike lab, working on the next leap forwards. Perhaps even more cushioning, even greater stack heights? Bignell laughs. 'All these things constantly change – that we've gone big and high has a lot to do with protecting muscles,' he says. 'But if you could do that, if you could offer the same protection and it was thinner and lighter, then you would.'
Asking Bignell about Nike's next big goal elicits a surprising answer. You might expect talk of more records, but no. 'We spend a lot of time going from, okay, how do you serve a Kipchoge, but then how do you help my mum get around the block with her dog? I just want people to move,' he says.
He also raises an intriguing idea, sure to raise the hackles of running purists. '[Electric bikes] are brilliant because there's always a reason not to go on your bike, but you have this thing that can make it easy. And I would love to get there for running. Obviously not for competitions, but just to keep everyone moving.' Self-propelling running shoes? It sounds sci-fi, but then in 1972, carbon fibre plates would have sounded the same. 'If you don't push the edges and don't fail, you're never going to learn,' he says. 'It's never linear; it's always three steps backwards, two steps forwards. You want to win, and you do that by dreaming audaciously.'
For Kipchoge, part of the dream is finding ways to make it easier for people to fit running into their lives. 'Our mindset is to make the person recover very fast, whether they run that marathon in five hours, four hours, three hours,' he says. 'We want to help that person take care of their muscles, so they can run for five hours, but then tomorrow, they can then do their own hobbies or their own work without any pain.
'The aim personally, and with Nike, is longevity. We want people who are running for 10 years, 15 years, 20 years or more, and enjoying their runs every day. I want to work with Nike to spread the gospel of running,' he says. 'I always say if you want real freedom in life, it's in running.'
It's a message that will resonate with us all, and whatever the logo on the shoes we choose to wear when heading out to find that freedom, we owe a little something to Nike for its part in creating the running world around us. In another 50 years from now, we can be sure that world will have evolved in ways we can't yet imagine. And we can also be sure that Nike will have had a hand in shaping it.
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» Argentina Music
» Argentine Rock
Argentina is a rocker nation, the called "Rock Nacional" is the most popular music among Argentine youth and is the most listened form of Rock in Spanish Language.
ARGENTINE MUSIC
The 1960 Decade: The Beginning
The history began in the 1960s, when followers bands of the Beatles, like Los Shakers and Los Mockers, arrived to Argentina from Uruguay with enormously success, during that time groups used to play covers of English-language bands.
In the middle of 1960, musicians from Buenos Aires and Rosario start to sing only in Spanish language. Litto Nebia and his band The Wild Cats moves from Rosario to Buenos Aires, changing their to Los Gatos Salvajes, soon after Los Gatos Salvajes changed their name to simply Los Gatos. In 1967, Los Gatos recorded their first hit: "La Balsa", a song composed by Tanguito that sold 200.000 copies.
By these times young and bohemian artists began to gather together and exchange music and poetry. Singers like Moris, Tanguito, Miguel Abuelo and bands such as Almendra, Vox Dei, Manal, Arco Iris emerged from these gatherings.
After Almendra, Luis Alberto Spinetta formed Pescado Rabioso, the remaining members of Almendra formed Color Humano and Aquelarre. By 1970, Vox Dei released a production inspired in The Bible, the disc is considered one of the masterpieces of the Argentine Rock.
The 1970 Decade :
By the 1970s, some Heavy Metal groups emerged, amog them Vox Dei, Pescado Rabioso, Billy Bond y La Pesada and Pappo's Blues (their leader "Pappo" Napolitano was the most influential blues artist in Argentina).
An acoustic movement with influences of the hippie movement was represented by Gustavo Santaolalla and his band Arco Iris, Leon Gieco, Sui Generis (the band of Charly Garcia and Nito Mestre), Raul Porchetto, Pedro y Pablo. Time later the sound of Sui Generis change to more electric. Soon after Garcia and Mestre decided to quit Sui Generis.
By 1976, Argentine rock became more conceptual, it was the beginning of the progressive rock era, its more representative band was Crucis. Charly Garcia formed La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, another progressive band, producing two albums, the band hung up.
In 1979, Charly Garcia, Pedro Aznar, Oscar Moro and David Lebón formed Seru Giran, the first "super-band" of the Argentina.
» Argentine Rock - The 1980 Decade
» Argentine Rock - The 1990 and 2000 Decade


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Percy Julian - Chemistry Encyclopedia
AMERICAN CHEMIST
Percy Lavon Julian, the grandson of slaves, developed many useful products from soybeans, including cortisone. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama, on April 11, 1899. His father, James Sumner Julian, was a railway clerk, and his mother, Elizabeth Lena (Adams) Julian, a schoolteacher.
Julian attended public schools in Montgomery. After he was admitted to DePauw University, his family moved with him to Greencastle, Indiana, to enable them to give him their full support. At DePauw his interest in science evolved into a desire to become a research organic chemist. Julian graduated at the top of his class with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1920. He was class valedictorian and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.
Julian taught organic chemistry for two years at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. He then, with the help of Professor William M. Blanchard at DePauw, obtained a graduate research fellowship at Harvard University. He earned a master's degree there in one year, again finishing at the top of his class. He remained at Harvard three more years, as a research assistant, supporting himself with minor fellowship positions and odd jobs outside the university. His application for a teaching assistantship at Harvard was repeatedly rejected on the grounds that the students would not respect a "Negro" instructor.
In 1926 Julian joined the faculty of the West Virginia School for Negroes (later West Virginia State College) at Institute, West Virginia. A year later he became an associate professor of chemistry at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he quickly rose to the positions of full professor and department head.
Julian had become interested in the chemistry of natural substances and was very eager to do original research in that field. Frustrated in his efforts to pursue doctoral studies in the United States, he obtained a fellowship for graduate study at the University of Vienna, Austria, where he worked and studied indole alkaloids under the tutelage of Professor Ernst Spaeth. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1931.
Upon Julian's return to the United States, DePauw University offered him a faculty position and research support. His first project was the total synthesis of physostigmine , an indole alkaloid extracted from the Calabar bean, used in the treatment of glaucoma. Sir Robert Robinson at Oxford University in England was also working on this synthesis. Julian achieved the synthesis of physostigmine, and showed that Robinson's hypotheses about its structure were wrong.
Having also found stigmasterol among the substances in the Calabar bean, Julian directed his research efforts toward using this sterol as the starting point for the synthesis of the sex hormones. Because stigmasterol is readily available from soybean oil, Julian wrote to the Glidden Company, a major manufacturer of soybean oil products, to request a 5-gallon sample of the oil to use as his starting point. The request elicited a telephone call from Glidden, offering Julian the position of director of research of Glidden's Soya Products Division in Chicago.
Julian worked for Glidden for seventeen years, developing several new products from soybeans. He mapped out commercially viable syntheses of progesterone , testosterone, and cortisone from soya sterols. From soya protein he developed "Aero-Foam," a fire extinguishing foam for oil and gasoline fires, which saw use by the U.S. armed forces during World War II.
In 1953 Julian resigned from Glidden to establish his own laboratory in Franklin Park, Illinois. As director of the Julian Research Institute and president of Julian Associates, Inc., he continued work on steroid chemistry and returned to his studies of indole alkaloids. In 1974 Julian became ill, and it was necessary for him to scale back his activities. He died on April 19, 1975.
Julian's scientific work generated about 100 technical papers and more than 200 patents. He received nineteen honorary degrees, was a trustee at six colleges and universities, and was active in the Chicago Urban League, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Mental Health Association of Greater Chicago.
The man who had stoked furnaces to support himself at Harvard was the first African American to serve as a faculty member of a non-Negro college and to achieve a supervisory research position within a major American corporation. When, in 1950, Julian became the first African American to purchase a home in all-white Oak Park, Illinois, he and his family became the objects of racist threats and even attacks. As in his professional career, Julian stood firm, and won the respect of his new neighbors.
Julian attributed his success in life and in his professional career to the motivation he received from his father, who taught him that he should not be satisfied with being merely good, when he had the ability to be the very best.
SEE ALSO Cortisone ; .
Lyman R. Caswell
de Kruif, Paul (1946). "The Man Who Wouldn't Give Up." Reader's Digest 50 (August):113–118.
Guzman, J. P., ed. (1947). Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1941–1946. Tuskegee, AL: Tuskegee Institute, pp. 39–40.
Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries. "Percy Julian 1899–1975." Available from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmjuli.html .
Witkop, Bernhard. National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs. "Percy Lavon Julian." Available from http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/pjulian.html .
Feb 5, 2016 @ 10:10 am
Really cool.# You are doing really good. cool I love it
Percy Julian - Chemistry Encyclopedia forum
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Weekend Box Office: July 16-18
#1 Inception from Warner Brothers debuts at #1 with an opening weekend gross of $62.7 million in 3792 theaters. Budget was $160 million.
#2 Despicable Me from Universal drops from #1 to #2 with a weekend gross of $32.8 million (-41.8%) in 3501 theaters (+25). Total gross to date is $118.4 million. Budget was $69 million.
#3 The Sorcerer's Apprentice from Buena Vista debuts at #3 with an opening weekend gross of $17.6 million in 3504 theaters. Budget was $150 million.
#4 The Twilight Saga: Eclipse from Summit drops from #2 to #4 with a weekend gross of $13.4 million (-57.7%) in 4001 theaters (-467). Total gross to date is $264.7 million. Budget was $68 million.
#5 Toy Story 3 from Buena Vista drops from #4 to #5 with a weekend gross of $11.9 million (-42.9%) in 3177 theaters (-576). Total gross to date is $362.9 million. Budget was $200 million.
#6 Grown Ups from Sony holds at #6 with a weekend gross of $9.9 million (-37.3%) in 3074 theaters (-389). Total gross to date is $129.1 million. Budget was $80 million.
Rounding out the top 12 are:
#7 The Last Airbender drops from #5 to #7 with a weekend gross of $7.7 million (-53.4%) in 2805 theaters (-398). Total gross to date is $115.1 million. Budget was $150 million.
#8 Predators drops from #3 to #8 with a weekend gross of $7.0 million (-71.7%) in 2669 theaters (no change). Total gross to date is $40.3 million. Budget was $40 million.
#9 Knight & Day drops from #7 to #9 with a weekend gross of $3.6 million (-53.3%) in 1925 theaters (-703). Total gross to date is $69.1 million. Budget was $117 million.
#10 The Karate Kid drops from #8 to #10 with a weekend gross of $2.2 million (-57.3%) in 1532 theaters (-926). Total gross to date is $169.2 million. Budget was $40 million.
#11 Cyrus drops from #10 to #11 with a weekend gross of $1.0 million (-14.6%) in 446 theaters (+246). Total gross to date is $5.0 million. Budget was $7 million.
#12 The Kids Are All Right jumps from #15 to #12 with a weekend gross of $1.0 million (+116.3%) in 38 theaters (+31). Total gross to date is $1.8 million. Budget was $4 million.
The combined gross of the top 12 movies this weekend was $171.3 million (-6.9%).
A note on "Gross": On average, studios will earn approximately 55 percent of the final gross.
19. July 2010 by Andrew
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Press releases Connect with Ciena Press highlights Media resources
KINX Improves Cloud Service Offerings Using Ciena's DC Platform
New Korean high capacity network ensures secure, efficient and reliable data center connectivity
HANOVER, Md. — December 19, 2018
pr@ciena.com
Shannon N. Booker
Investor Contacts:
Gregg Lampf
ir@ciena.com
Korea Internet Neutral eXchange (KINX) launched a new data center (DC) architecture leveraging Ciena's (NYSE: CIEN) Waveserver platform. This deployment will provide connectivity between KINX's data centers and support the provider's ability to offer new levels of flexibility and scalability for global leading internet content providers.
KINX is the only carrier-neutral internet exchange provider in Korea, specializing in internet infrastructure, content delivery networks and providing cloud computing services to prominent domestic and international carriers, content providers, multiple system operators, financial institutions and government agencies.
Ciena's Waveserver platform will serve as the foundation for KINX's new scalable DC architecture with seamless deployment over KINX's legacy third-party photonic infrastructure. Waveserver provides capacity up to 400Gbps in a single rack-unit to conserve footprint and support high-bandwidth services such as video-on-demand and gaming. The platform offers the choice of high-density connections to optimize transmission costs and provide rapid bandwidth scalability for high-speed data transfer, virtual machine migration and disaster recovery/backup applications in data center interconnect.
A key benefit of this network enhancement is that KINX will make more efficient use of its data center footprint while ensuring quick and simple service activation and monitoring through use of a highly programmable infrastructure. Ciena's Waveserver provides greater openness, which allows KINX to design and build unique and customizable applications to better address customer needs.
Executive Comments:
"The rate at which data is shared today is unprecedented, which means high-quality DC is needed now more than ever. Ciena's Waveserver will enable us to optimize our data centers and better serve our customers, including some of the world's leading internet content providers."
- Hwang Yonghyeon, Vice President, KINX
"Our Waveserver platform will connect KINX's data centers in Korea, providing high bandwidth and low latency connections to domestic and international internet service providers, while supporting growing traffic demands."
- Rick Seeto, Vice President and General Manager, APJ, Ciena
About KINX
The only carrier-neutral Internet eXchange (IX). KINX provides cost-effective and efficient services to prominent domestic and international carriers, content providers, multiple system operators, financial institutions, and government agencies. With its know-how, KINX offers colocation, IEPL, MPLS-VPN, Cloud, CDN, AWS Direct Connect, and China Direct Connect among others.
About Ciena
Ciena (NYSE: CIEN) is a networking systems, services, and software company. We provide solutions that help our clients create more adaptive networks in response to the constantly changing demands of their users. By delivering best-in-class networking technology through high-touch consultative relationships, we build the world's most sophisticated networks with automation and scale. For updates on Ciena, follow us on Twitter @Ciena, LinkedIn, the Ciena Insights blog, or visit www.ciena.com.
Note to Ciena Investors
You are encouraged to review the Investors section of our website, where we routinely post press releases, SEC filings, recent news, financial results, and other announcements. From time to time we exclusively post material information to this website along with other disclosure channels that we use. This press release contains certain forward-looking statements that are based on our current expectations, forecasts, information and assumptions. These statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those stated or implied, because of risks and uncertainties, including those detailed in our most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies and can be identified by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "should," "will," and "would" or similar words. Ciena assumes no obligation to update the information included in this press release, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Breaking Down Barriers Between IT and Network—Your Path to Digital Transformation
This paper recaps a recent Webinar produced with Light Reading, Kailem Anderson, Blue Planet's VP of Solutions Engineering, and James Crawshaw, Senior Analyst from Heavy Reading. They discussed the key objectives of the telco transformation,
Ciena Appoints Chairman and President of Ciena India
Ciena (NYSE: CIEN) has appointed Rajesh Nambiar as Chairman and President of Ciena India in a newly established role to coordinate and accelerate the company's advancement in the country. Based out of Ciena's recently expanded Gurgaon
Webinar: Reimagining Ethernet Service Activation with Intelligent Automation
Join Blue Planet's Kevin Wade and Tom DiMicelli, along with Andreas Uys, Chief Technology Officer, Dark Fibre Africa (DFA), to learn how Ciena's Blue Planet® automates Ethernet service design and provisioning end to end, across multi-domain,
REN Assures Portugal's Electric Grid with Blue Planet Route Optimization and Assurance
Due to the criticality of the electric grid, power utilities need reliable service delivery over their IP/MPLS networks. In this case study, we look at how REN, responsible for running Portugal's two main energy infrastructure networks - The
Ciena's Gary Smith named a top CEO by Glassdoor
Ciena's CEO of almost 20 years has been honored by one of the world's largest job and recruiting sites in this annual award with a 97% approval rating.
Webinar: Dynamic Inventory: The Foundation of Intelligent Automation
Join Kailem Anderson, Vice President of Solutions and Engineering at Blue Planet, and Tim McElligott, Senior Analyst, TM Forum, for a webinar that will take a look at the critical role inventory plays in driving automation, intelligence, agility,
Cable MSOs Need Packet-based Networks for Distributed Access Architectures and Extending Fiber Deep
Service creation is critical to revenue growth for any size MSOs. The opportunity to maintain and sell new digital services will be greatly enhanced as cable MSOs roll out Distributed Access Architectures (DAAs), bringing packet-based connectivity
Ciena Helps Banco Votorantim Move to the Cloud
Private bank in Brazil establishes new transport network for cloud migration
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It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia Season 10 Episode 3: "Psycho Pete Returns"
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Active Implants Corporation Closes $10 Million in Financing and Announces New Board Director
MEMPHIS, Tenn.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Active Implants Corporation (AIC), a pioneer of advanced polymer technology for the hip and knee segments of the orthopaedic market, today announced it has raised $10 million in its Series C Preferred Stock offering and has appointed Charles E. Martin to its Board of Directors.
Michael R. Mainelli, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer of AIC, said, "This new financing enhances our ability to move forward toward achieving our development, clinical, regulatory, and early commercialization milestones." On the election of Martin to the Board, he added, "Charles will be a tremendous asset to the Board composition. His exceptional business acumen will strengthen our strategic planning to help us achieve our business objectives."
Mr. Martin's experience crosses multiple industries including healthcare technology and services, institutional investment management and software development. Martin is the recent past Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and a current director of Zephyr Associates, a financial services software development firm. He was the past Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Third Party Solutions, Inc. and DirectComp Rx, both national healthcare service companies. Additionally, Martin currently serves on the boards of Niman Ranch, Inc., Sioux-Preme Packing Co., and Baker Manufacturing Company and is a member of the advisory board of Plaza Belmont Fund II. He is the President and an owner of Wilson Capital Partners and is the Chief Executive Officer of Marker Capital and Marker Family Office Group. Martin received both his bachelor's and master's degrees in business administration from Georgia State University.
Mr. Martin joins an experienced AIC Board that includes Chairman Jack R. Blair, a past Group President of Smith & Nephew and former Chairman of DJ Orthopedics, James D. Lackie, founder and President of Lackie Trading, Inc., Amiram Steinberg, founder and key inventor of the AIC polymer technology, and Henry Klyce, founder, president/CEO and Chairman of St. Francis Medical Technologies and founder, president/CEO of Spartek Medical, Inc. Last month AIC announced the appointment of Michael Mainelli, a former President of Stryker Spine and President of Stryker Japan, as its new President and CEO. Mr. Mainelli also serves as a member of the Board of Directors.
Active Implants Corporation, a privately-held company with headquarters in Memphis, Tenn., is incorporating proven medical grade polycarbonate urethane technology into innovative orthopaedic products through its TriboFit® Hip and NUsurface® Implant systems. For more information visit: www.activeimplants.com


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Classic Albums Column
My Favorite Kiss
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New Songs From Dream Theater, Herman Frank, + Altitudes & Attitudes
A bunch of new songs have come out in the last few days to help wet the old whistle and get us ready for some long awaited upcoming releases.
Dream Theater has one of the biggest die-hard audience out there, you can argue that without them, the progressive metal movement that has become huge, would not exist without them. Their new album Distance Over Time drops on February 22nd.
I've discussed Herman Frank in the past on this site, namely the release of his new album Fight The Fear which is coming out on February 8th, check out this crushing new track "Hail & Row".
I had the pleasure of interviewing Frank Bello of Anthrax a while back, this was before the release of For All Kings. At the time he mentioned that he and Megadeth's David Ellefson had already prepared the band's first full length album by Altitudes & Attitudes, but warned that it wouldn't come out until their "day jobs" (Anthrax & Megadeth) permitted the album to be properly promoted and released. That time is now, "Late" comes off of the album Get It Out, which is unleashed on the world on January 18th.
Article by Victor M. Ruiz of Mars Attacks Radio & Podcast, and Galaxy Of Geeks Podcast. Connect with him on Twitter: @vmr907
Podcast Episode 147 - Herman Frank And Max Portnoy
This episode features an interview that was conducted with Herman Frank, known for his work…
Review - Dream Theater - On The Backs Of Angels
Dream Theater On The Backs Of Angels As mentioned early this week, this single was…
New Music To Kick Off The Week: Overkill, Tora Tora, Herman Frank, Edge Of Paradise + More
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» RotoMetrics hosts successful European Open House
RotoMetrics hosts successful European Open House
Precision rotary tooling specialist RotoMetrics hosted a European Open House event at its UK headquarters in late September, with 20 international suppliers and label industry customers from across Europe gathering to hear about opportunities beyond labels.
Attendees at the three-day event heard from a number of RotoMetrics' own staff, as well as presentations from suppliers, and were given a guided tour of the manufacturing facilities at the Walsall plant.
Peter Emerson, the recently appointed European managing director for RotoMetrics, spoke of how the company is planning to offer a revised flexible die portfolio as the synergies and technologies brought into the company after the acquisition of Gerhardt come to the fore.
UK and Ireland sales director David Casey reiterated this on a factory tour, stating: 'Such is the nature of sales that both companies had been telling customers that their products and processes were better than the other.
'The fact is that both are good for different applications. Consolidating the two companies allows us to cherry pick and offer the best from both.'
Emerson said: 'Henceforth, we will be trading solely as RotoMetrics as it has a bigger presence around the world and the name is better known in key markets.'
Chris Green (pictured, top), RotoMetrics' European business development director, gave the main presentation addressing the opportunities for label converters to go beyond labels, the theme of the event, and spoke of various industries that require die-cut products that could be produced using existing converting equipment.
This included the potential to extend into packaging converting, but also medical, industrial and other markets that do not require the application of ink to a surface.
The astronomical growth in mobile phones was one of the main markets he highlighted as needing die-cut components, with a global total of six billion devices and each requiring 34 components, equating to an opportunity for some 204 billion die-cut parts.
'We are looking at markets where we can supply die cutting tools, and if they need those then it is a potential avenue of business for label printers.
'The market needs to innovate and diversify, and find ways of adding value to products.'
The factory tour included following the production of both flexible and solid dies from smooth steel barrels to the finished product, with explanations of both the CNC and EDM processes used.
The labor-intensive hand finishing of EDM dies and the thorough testing of each and every die produced at the site were also covered.
A table-top exhibition inside the specially-erected tent that played host to the event featured companies ranging from press specialists Gallus and Mark Andy, platemaker Dantex, business software developer Label Traxx, finishing company AB Graphic and material supplier Ritrama, through to the rebranded European Flexographic Industry Association (EFIA).
In closing the event, Neil Lilly, RotoMetrics' former sales director, now in the role of customer service director, said the event had been a great success, adding that the company is planning to make it a bi-annual event.
'We have had a good attendance over the three days, and are thankful for the support of the 20 global suppliers that exhibited.'
Read more on RotoMetrics here
Read more about die cutting here
Read more news from across Europe here
Finishing and converting systems


The News That Matters about the Nuclear Industry Fukushima Chernobyl Mayak Three Mile Island Atomic Testing Radiation Isotope
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Cost of pulling plug on reactors
In its latest discussions on electricity market reform, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is reportedly considering a measure to financially help major power companies with decommissioning their nuclear plants. METI is reportedly weighing having new entrants to the liberalized power retail market shoulder part of the decommissioning cost, which would be added to the electricity bills of their customers. That would be nothing less than welfare for the major suppliers that are seeing nuclear power lose its cost advantages in the face of power retail deregulation since April. The government should avoid policies that could distort the principles of electricity business liberalization.
In its discussions launched in late September, the ministry says the committee will weigh establishing a system that would have power suppliers respond to "issues of public interest," such as investments to prepare for decommissioning nuclear plants and severe nuclear accidents amid market liberalization. That sounds like a legitimate question to consider, but the measures contemplated by the ministry pose many problems.
One is a change to the accounting system for decommissioning nuclear power plants. Tokyo Electric Power faces massive financial problems in dealing with its Fukushima No. 1 plant, which suffered triple meltdowns after it was hit by the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. The cost to decommission the crippled plant is certain to far exceed the estimated ¥2 trillion — in fact it is impossible to grasp the total cost at this stage since the technology to remove molten nuclear fuel from its reactors has not yet been established. Compensation for victims of the nuclear disaster, which was estimated in 2014 at ¥4.9 trillion, has already topped ¥6 trillion. The cost to decontaminate areas polluted with radioactive fallout from the plant is likely to top ¥2.5 trillion in the government's plan.
Even in the absence of a major disaster like the Fukushima catastrophe, the major utilities operating nuclear power plants face a shortage in financial reserves to pay for decommissioning as they needed to scrap the plants earlier than scheduled in response to the tightened plant regulations following the Fukushima disaster, along with the overshooting of the cost of decommissioning from earlier forecasts. Besides Tokyo Electric, five major power firms have made decisions to decommission six of their reactors — one each for Kyushu Electric, Chugoku Electric, Shikoku Electric and Japan Atomic Power and two for Kansai Electric.
To cover the bloated expenses of decommissioning, the ministry is thinking of having all electricity suppliers — including new entrants to the market that do not run nuclear power plants — share the cost in the form of surcharges to the fees that they pay for accessing power transmission lines to service their customers. The cost will then be added to customers' electricity bills.
Under the current system, the major suppliers operating nuclear power plants can include the cost of decommissioning them in the future — along with all other expenses in their power generation — in their electricity charges. But that system will be abolished in 2020, when their power transmission and distribution sections are to be separated from the power generation operations in the final phase of the reform. The idea of having all suppliers — and consequently all consumers — pay for the cost of decommissioning nuclear plants is intended to cope with this change. However, such a measure will blur the responsibility of major power companies that have relied heavily on nuclear power generation and miscalculated the related costs.
That will also have the effect of denying consumers the right to refuse to pay for electricity generated by nuclear power. The retail market liberalization in April enabled consumers to choose power suppliers, instead of being tied to regional monopolies. Some suppliers offer electricity mainly generated by renewable sources such as solar and wind. But applying the surcharge to all suppliers will result in forcing all consumers — including those who may not want to buy electricity from the former monopolies that run nuclear plants — to shoulder the cost of decommissioning.
The ministry's committee is also reportedly weighing a scheme to enable suppliers that operate large-scale thermal power plants to receive a certain amount of revenue for keeping the plants even without running them — based on their power-generation capacity. The idea represents another relief measure for major power companies whose thermal power plants saw their operating ratio fall with the sharp rise in renewable sources in recent years. The scheme is touted as necessary to maintain thermal power capacity as a buffer in case the supply from renewable sources decreases. But experience in other countries indicates that such a mechanism is not essential to managing possible fluctuations in the supply of renewable energy.
The government has long based its energy policy on the argument that nuclear power is cheaper than most other forms of power generation. But the fact that it is seeking to introduce a relief measure for major suppliers that run nuclear plants indicates that argument is no longer tenable. The government needs to reflect on the real meaning of the measures it is contemplating.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/10/15/editorials/cost-pulling-plug-reactors/#.WAJK0yQzYU0
October 15, 2016 Posted by dunrenard | Japan	| Decommissioning Costs, nuclear plants | Leave a comment
Federation estimates Fukushima nuke plant cleanup costs, redress may rise to ¥8 trillion ($77.10 billion)
An industry group has estimated costs for decontamination work at the disaster-struck Fukushima nuclear plant and compensation for nuclear damage to be around ¥8 trillion ($77.10 billion) more than the current official projection, a source said Thursday.
The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, which consists of the country's 10 electric power companies, has informally asked Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government to use state funds to cover the extra costs, the source also said.
The costs are supposed to be covered by the utilities, including Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc., operator of the crippled Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, where three reactors melted down in the aftermath of the March 2011 quake-tsunami disaster. The government is cautious about using taxpayer money to deal with the issue, the source said.
Under the current estimate, compensation payments are projected to total ¥5.4 trillion, while decontamination costs are forecast to reach ¥2.5 trillion.
Tepco and other nuclear power plant operators have paid contributions for compensation payments to a state-backed fund. As for decontamination costs, the fund will seek to retrieve that money by selling Tepco shares that it owns.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/10/07/business/federation-estimates-fukushima-nuke-plant-cleanup-costs-redress-may-rise-%C2%A58-trillion/#.V_gNhCTKO-c
October 7, 2016 Posted by dunrenard | Fukushima 2016	| Decommissioning Costs, Fukushima Daiichi | Leave a comment
Fukushima Cleanup Talks Put Tepco Survival Risk in Focus
Tokyo Electric Power Co. is still struggling to put the Fukushima nuclear disaster behind it, admitting this week that paying for decommissioning the plant in one go risks leaving it insolvent.
The cost to insure debt in Japan's biggest utility climbed to a seven-month high of 89 basis points on Oct. 5 after President Naomi Hirose said after a meeting in Tokyo with a government commission that the company is asking for help in avoiding financial ruin. Tepco has already received state aid for compensation and decontamination.
The March 2011 nuclear accident and its fallout will ultimately cost more than 11 trillion yen ($106 billion), according to a study by academics including Kenichi Oshima, a professor of economics at Ritsumeikan University. Tepco has estimated that decommissioning alone will cost about 2 trillion yen. Investors should hold off buying bonds of other utilities until there is more clarity on how the government will close the Fukushima plant, according to BNP Paribas SA.
"Now is not the best time to be investing in electricity utility bonds, with discussions going on about nuclear plant decommissioning, and the potential for spreads to widen," said Mana Nakazora, chief credit analyst at BNP Paribas in Tokyo. Even so, she added, "the government has little choice but to take measures to avoid a default by Tokyo Electric."
While Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government has committed to provide up to 9 trillion yen for compensation to individuals and business hurt by the Fukushima disaster and for decontaminating areas affected, that figure doesn't include decommissioning of the nuclear plant itself, according to a report by Moody's Investors Service last month.
Scrapping the Fukushima reactors may take 30 years to 40 years, and Tokyo Electric will only start removing debris from the plant from in 2021, a decade after the incident, according to the utility's road map for dealing with the remnants of the disaster.
In speaking to reporters, Tepco President Hirose was probably making a public case for more government support, according to Yutaka Ban, the chief credit analyst at SMBC Nikko Securities Inc. in Tokyo. Ban said he saw little probability that support will be withheld.
"Things will likely settle down" after the government adopts the new measures, said Ban. "Without government support, the costs would be extremely high."
For a Bloomberg Intelligence report on Asia-Pacific utilities, click here.
Tepco's credit-default swaps have come down from as high as 1,762 basis points in October 2011, according to data provider CMA. The utility has said it plans to return to the bond market by the end of the fiscal year to March 2017. Jun Oshima, a spokesman for Tokyo Electric, said that plan is still in place. It stopped issuing notes after the Fukushima disaster.
The extra yield on Tepco's 1.155 percent bonds due in 2020 was 64 basis points more than sovereign debt, the lowest since before the Fukushima disaster, according to Bloomberg-compiled prices. The spread on Osaka-based Kansai Electric Power Co.'s 0.976 percent notes due in 2020 was 39 basis points.
Tokyo Electric has a Ba3 rating from Moody's and BB- score from S&P Global Ratings, both three levels below investment grade.
"Decommissioning is currently the biggest unknown, and clarity matters in terms of credit," said Mariko Semetko, a Moody's analyst in Tokyo. "The lack of clarity there has been holding back the credit quality."
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-06/fukushima-clean-up-talks-put-tepco-survival-risk-back-in-focus
October 7, 2016 Posted by dunrenard | Fukushima 2016	| Decommissioning Costs, Fukushima Daiichi, Insolvency, Tepco | Leave a comment
Tepco Falls After President Highlights Fukushima Cost Risk
Japan utility declines 3.3% to settle at lowest in two weeks
Company seeks government help to eliminate insolvency risk
Tokyo Electric Power Co. Holdings Inc. closed at the lowest in more than two weeks after its president said it may face insolvency if it recognized at one time the cost of decommissioning the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant and that it's asked the government to help eliminate the risk.
Tepco, as the company is better known, fell as much as 7.9 percent during intraday trading and closed 3.3 percent lower at 414 yen a share in Tokyo, the lowest since Sept. 16. The benchmark Topix index rose 0.6 percent.
"As it becomes possible to estimate the Fukushima decommissioning cost, we will have the problem of recognizing the liability at once. That means there is a possibility Tepco becomes insolvent," President Naomi Hirose told reporters in Tokyo Wednesday after meeting with a Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry commission charged with reforming the company. "We are requesting institutional measures to remove such risk."
As of June, nearly 1 trillion yen ($9.7 billion) has been allocated to decommissioning and water treatment at Fukushima, Tepco spokesman Tatsuhiro Yamagishi said last month.
The March 2011 nuclear accident and its fallout will ultimately cost more than 11 trillion yen, according to a study by Japanese college professors including Kenichi Oshima, a professor of economics at Ritsumeikan University.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-05/tepco-plummets-after-president-highlights-fukushima-cost-risk
New Power Firms to Pay Some of the Decommissioning Costs
New power firms may have to pay some costs for nuke reactor decommissioning
The Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry has begun discussions on a plan to have new smaller electric power companies shoulder part of the costs of decommissioning nuclear reactors, officials said.
This is due to fears that nine major power companies that operate nuclear plants and the Japan Atomic Power Co. alone cannot fully foot the costs of decommissioning their reactors in the future.
The government intends to draw a conclusion on the plan by the end of the year, but the move could spark criticism that nuclear plant operators would be given preferential treatment.
The industry ministry convened the first meeting of an advisory panel on electric power system reform on Sept. 27 to discuss challenges to the liberalization of the power market. At the meeting, the ministry proposed that the costs of decommissioning nuclear reactors be added to power grid usage fees that new power supplies pay to major utilities.
If new power companies add the costs of reactor decommissioning to electricity charges, consumers will be required to shoulder such additional costs.
The industry ministry has worked out the plan, which could be viewed as a relief measure for major utilities, because the business environment surrounding these companies has worsened following the liberalization of the power market and criticism of nuclear power in the wake of the outbreak of the Fukushima nuclear crisis.
The costs of decommissioning a nuclear reactor are about 10 times that for a thermal power generator. The operators of nuclear plants use part of their income from electricity charges to save enough money to dismantle their reactors in the future.
However, if the liberalization of the electricity market progresses, a growing number of consumers could switch to new power suppliers and the prices of electric power could further decline because of intensifying competition, making it more difficult for major utilities to secure enough funds to decommission their nuclear reactors.
The suspension of operations at most atomic power stations is also adversely affecting major power companies.
Power companies could secure enough funds to decommission nuclear reactors if they saved money on the assumption that the rate of utilizing such plants stood at 76 percent and that the lifespan of each reactor was 40 years.
However, the suspension of operations at many nuclear plants has been prolonged and power companies are being forced to decommission some reactors earlier than planned, as a result of which they have been unable to secure enough funds.
Under these circumstances, major power companies are insisting that new power companies should shoulder part of the decommissioning costs.
"Customers of new electric power firms previously used power generated by nuclear plants operated by major utilities. We would like these customers to shoulder a fair share of the costs for reactor decommissioning," an official of one major power company said.
Major power suppliers have asked the executive branch of the government and ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) legislators to consider their requests.
The government has shown consideration to major power companies that are being forced to shoulder the expenses of changes in Japan's energy policy — such as market liberalization and stepped up safety regulations — following the outbreak of the Fukushima nuclear crisis in 2011.
A working group within an advisory committee to the industry ministry called on the government in March 2015 to consider a system that would take advantage of the pricing system for power transmission and distribution to help power companies cover decommissioning costs.
However, new power suppliers are opposed to the move. "It'd be unreasonable for new electric power companies that don't have nuclear plants to shoulder the costs of those facilities," said an executive of a Kansai-based new power supplier.
Ennet Corp. President and CEO Tsutomu Takeda told the panel on Sept. 27, "We can't convince our customers unless you (the government and major power companies) explain how much it will cost to decommission a reactor."
An executive of a new power company based in the Tokyo metropolitan area said, "It'd be difficult to gain understanding from our customers who have switched from major power companies following the outbreak of the nuclear disaster."
In response, the industry ministry will consider setting up a market in which power is traded and encouraging major utilities to supply less expensive power generated by nuclear power and coal-fired thermal power plants to the market. The ministry is aiming to allow new power companies to procure less expensive power from the power transaction market in a bid to persuade them to shoulder part of the costs of decommissioning nuclear reactors.
Under the old power supply system in which major utilities enjoyed regional monopolies, power companies were able to secure funds to build and decommission nuclear plants solely by using electricity charges, allowing them to take advantage of low fuel costs for nuclear plants.
With the liberalization of the power market, however, nuclear power plants have lost their edge.
The government has postponed discussions on whether to go ahead with the construction of new nuclear power plants.
The system proposed lately could give preferential treatment to nuclear plants and encourage power companies to build more atomic power stations.
In-depth debate needs to be held on whether nuclear plants will be consistent with the policy of liberalizing the power market.
http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20160928/p2a/00m/0na/015000c
Related article from September 8, 2016
Gov't may shift nuke accident, reactor decommissioning costs onto new power suppliers
The government is moving to bill new electricity suppliers for a portion of nuclear reactor decommissioning costs and compensation payments related to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it was learned on Sept. 7.
After decades under regional utility monopolies, the electricity supply market was opened to competition in April this year. The government apparently fears that the old monopolies such as Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) lose too many customers to new suppliers and they may no longer be able to cover the high costs of decommissioning old reactors or compensate the victims of nuclear accidents, hence the move to shift some of the financial burden onto new market entrants.
However, these costs were originally supposed to be covered by the nine big utilities, and the government's moves would essentially transfer that burden onto the Japanese people, making a clash more than likely.
Under the current system, large utilities must cover nuclear reactor operating expenses — including eventual decommissioning — from electricity bill income. Also, TEPCO receives monies to cover Fukushima nuclear disaster compensation claims from the government-licensed Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corp. (NDF), which is in turn funded by all the large utility companies.
The new system being considered by the government would spread the financial burden of nuclear accident compensation and reactor decommissioning to new electricity suppliers, lightening the load on the big utilities. The government estimates the total cost for reactor decommissioning plus Fukushima nuclear disaster compensation paid before the NDF was established at some 8 trillion yen. The new power suppliers would likely pass on their share of these costs to their customers, resulting in monthly power bills up to about 200 yen higher than at present for an average three-person household.
However, forcing customers of the new electricity firms to pay for the old utilities to decommission their reactors and for TEPCO's nuclear disaster liabilities runs counter to the goals of liberalizing the electricity market, which was intended to push down prices through competition. It would also in essence be corporate welfare for the big utilities operating nuclear plants.
A sub-committee to debate the new system will be established under the Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy reporting to the minister of economy, trade and industry. The committee will decide on what direction to take by the end of this year, with an eye to submitting a bill to revise the Electricity Business Act to the ordinary Diet session next year.
September 28, 2016 Posted by dunrenard | Japan	| Decommissioning Costs, Utilities Share | Leave a comment
September 9, 2016 Posted by dunrenard | Japan	| Decommissioning Costs, Fukushima Daiichi, Nuclear Accidents, Tepco, Utilities | Leave a comment
Fukushima: Save Pacific Ocean From Radioactive Waste
GENDER AND RADIATION IMPACT PROJECT
PAWB – People Against Wylfa-B
Speak Up For Assange
On 22 January 2021, the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons will enter into force. To mark the day that nuclear weapons become illegal under international law, ICAN campaigners and other anti-nuclear activists around the world will be hosting a huge range of actions and activities. Find one near you (or online in your timezone) through this interactive map at International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons . And make sure to add yours to the map as well!
110 Events for Global Action Day
25 January Takoma Park Commemorating 'Nuclear-Free Zone'
with Virtual Film Screening
Arclight's Vision
1 NUCLEAR ISSUES
business and costs
psychology – mental health
social effects
indigenous issues
deaths by radiation
marketing of nuclear
opposition to nuclear
psychology and culture
Trump – personality
USA elections 2016
politics international
secrets,lies and civil liberties
spinbuster
reprocessing
Small Modular Nuclear Reactors
– plutonium
decommission reactor
weapons and war
– Fukushima 2011
Fukushima 2012
Fukushima continuing
election USA 2020
Christina's notes
Christina's themes
Humour (God we need it)
resources – print
Resources -audiovicual
World Nuclear
audio-visual news
Anti Nuclear, Clean Energy Movement
Anti Nuclear movement – a success story
– 2013 – the struggle for a nuclear-free, liveable world
– 2013: the battle to expose nuclear lies about ionising radiation
Speakers at Fukushima Symposium March 2013
Symposium 2013 Ian Fairlie
– Civil liberties – China and USA
– Marketing nuclear power
– Marketing Nuclear Power Internationally
nuclear 'renaissance'?
Nuclear energy – the sick man of the corporate world
– Solar energy
– Nuclear Power and the Tragedy of the Commons
– Water
Birth Defects in the Chernobyl Radiation Affected Region
Nuclear History – the forgotten disasters
Ionising radiation
– Ionising radiation – medical
Fukushima FACT SHEET
Nuclear Power and Media 2012
Nuclear Power and the Consumer Society – theme for December 2012
Peace and nuclear disarmament
Peace on a Nuclear Free Earth
– Politics USA
-Ethics of nuclear power
– NUCLEAR LIES – theme for January 2012
– Nuclear Secrets and Lies
2013 nuclear spin – all about FEAR -theme for June
Spinbuster 1
TECHNOLOGY Challenges
NUCLEAR WASTES – theme for October 2012
Beyond nuclear
Exposing the truth about thorium nuclear propaganda
Mining Awareness Plus
Nuclear Information and Resource Service
NUCLEAR NFORMATION


Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011)
Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011)
Institute of Medicine; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review Child and Adult Care Food Program Meal Requirements; Suzanne P. Murphy, Ann L. Yaktine, Carol West Suitor, and Sheila Moats, Editors
The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is a federally-funded program designed to provide healthy meals and snacks to children and adults while receiving day care at participating family day care homes, traditional child care centers, afterschool facilities, adult care facilities, and emergency shelters. CACFP has the broadest scope of any of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, serving more than 3 million children and 114,000 adults across the nation. To receive reimbursement for the foods served, participating programs must abide by requirements set by the USDA.
Child and Adult Care Food Program assesses the nutritional needs of the CACFP population based on Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and makes recommendations for revisions to the CACFP meal requirements. The book outlines meal requirements that include food specifications that could be used for specific meals and across a full day, covering all age groups from infants to older adults and meal patterns designed for use in a variety of settings, including in-home care and in large centers. By implementing these meal requirements, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain rich foods will increase while consumption of solid fats, added sugars, and sodium will decrease. Not only will this address the high prevalence of childhood obesity, it will also help to achieve consistency with the standards and regulations of other USDA nutrition assistance programs, particularly the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs.
Child and Adult Care Food Program makes practical recommendations that would bring CACFP meals and snacks into alignment with current dietary guidance. The book will serve as a vital resource for federal and state public health officials, care providers working in child and adult day care facilities, WIC agencies, officials working with the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, and other organizations serving at-risk populations.
Food and Nutrition — Policy, Reviews and Evaluations
Food and Nutrition — Diet and Health
Health and Medicine — Children's Health
Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12959.
Report Brief
Summary 1-14
1 Introduction 15-24
2 The Child and Adult Care Food Program 25-44
3 Methods for Examining Food and Nutrient Intakes 45-60
4 Nutritional Considerations for Infants and Children 61-76
5 Nutritional Considerations for Adults 77-88
6 Process for Developing Recommendations for Meal Requirements 89-112
7 Recommendations for Meal Requirements 113-136
8 Meal Cost Implications 137-152
9 Implementation 153-168
10 Consistency of Recommendationsfor Meal Requirements and Implementation Strategies with the Committee's Criteria 169-182
11 Evaluation and Research Recommendations 183-190
Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary 191-196
Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 197-204
Appendix C: Workshop Agenda: February 2010 205-206
Appendix D: Critical Issues for Consideration by the Committee to Review Child and Adult Care Food Program Meal Requirements, as Submitted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture 207-212
Appendix E: Current CACFP Meal Patterns 213-222
Appendix F: Selected Food Program Descriptions and Websites 223-228
Appendix G: Data Sources and Analytical Methods 229-234
Appendix H: MyPyramid Food Groups and Subgroups 235-238
Appendix I: Food Cost Approach and Methods 239-250
Appendix J: Nutrient Targets by Meal and Age Group and Comparison of MyPyramid Food Group and Nutrient Targets with Recommended Meal Patterns 251-268
Appendix K: Sample Menus 269-280
Appendix L: Options for Breastfeeding Incentives 281-282
Appendix M: Potential Partnerships to Assist with Technical Training for CACFP 283-284
Index 285-296
Click here to obtain permission for Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All.
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Review: The Parody of the Opera
Thanks to Sir Andrew Lloyd Weber, The Phantom of the Opera and theater have a special relationship. Like the silent film before it, the musical has almost become the iconic adaptation staple of Gaston Leroux's novel. Taking a stab at Leroux's work in a new form takes ambition and a brilliant concept. Inspired by the novel that has already spawned various incarnations on film and stage, John Patrick Bray's Erik explores The Phantom of the Opera in a very odd manner.
In Erik, playwright John Patrick Bray uses the Phantom and his pals to satirize humanity as the real freak show. Using such dark source material to satirize takes skill and a clear vision. Erik was borderline parody in presentation. You can't help but laugh, and not for the reasons the piece intended. With such drastic styles in acting, design, and direction, like the set, Erik was a patchwork of execution. While on paper, Bray's script may have had a vision but it was the execution by director Jerrod Bogard that made it muddied. First and foremost, the use of a puppet as Erik the phantom was a brazen choice that did not translate aside from being something interesting to utilize. Figuring out the reason why The Phantom of the Opera and a freak show were brought together is unclear. With no real explanation on the link, Bogard played the parody card as asked but it just didn't translate. Some of his actors played a stylized over-the-top while others were more straightforward. With lack of cohesion, the satire was lost due to poor execution.
photo courtesy of David Anthony
Playing the ingénue Christine, Montana Lampert Hoover was a wonderful damsel. Get her an audition for the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera and she'll likely book it. But in this production, she didn't reach parody. On the opposite side of the spectrum, Bryn Packard found a wonderful parody for Raoul. Packard was the handsome fool who pines for the woman who runs for him. Samantha DeSimone and Chris Behan as Meg and Josef tread the line between freak show and source material but their moments read as bits rather than plot. Matt Pepitone as the Detective is a tried and true comedian is the funniest on stage as he investigates the mysterious murders.
A carnival-like atmosphere sets the mood as soon as the audience walks in. And moments before the show is set to start, a barker irritates the audience. And continues to do so during and after the show. Tar Ben-Dor's aggressiveness may have been the most drastic reason for separation between him and the rest of the ensemble. With Ben-Dor as the first to greet the audience, he sets the tone. His tone doesn't fall into the mission of the rest of the piece which may be a factor for the lack of consistency. In another piece, Ben-Dor's barker would be great, but his choices didn't match the parody of the piece.
Erik puppeteer and designer Kevin Peralta did a great job giving life to the skeletor-phantom. The set design by director Bogard was a patchwork of fabrics and flimsiness. The poor location of the single set was due to a lighting unit, though the restraints of the festival may be to blame. The lighting design by Jak Prince and sound design by Ian Wherle aided to the atmosphere, isolating the two specific worlds. The costumes by Antonio Consegra certainly evoked the period quite well.
Though there are hits throughout alluding to the theme of beauty and the freak within, shining the lights on the audience is daring, yet alienating. Erik is certainly a piece that will be polarizing. Whether it succeeds in its mission, that's the big question.
Labels: Erik, Frigid Festival, Review


From 1985 till 1989, Y. Baudot worked as researcher at the University of Liège (Laboratory SURFACES), on contract for the Belgian National Research program in Satellite Remote Sensing (TELSAT program). He learnt there most of the techniques of processing and analysis of satellite images. The main domains of application were town planning and regional development.
From 1989 till 1994, he joined the team of the Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Regional Analysis of the Catholic University of Louvain-La-Neuve where he pursued his research in remote sensing but by centring henceforth his activities on the study of African cities (Morocco, Burkina Faso, Zaire).
These researches were rewarded by a PhD in Sciences, concretized by his thesis (1994) " Aerospatial Remote Sensing and Geographic Analysis of the Urban Population in Developing Countries ". For this study, an original method of classification of the remote sensing images was developed, and the statistical methods of sampling were adapted to the characteristics of the satellite data. Concrete examples allowed to produce maps of population of the cities of Marrakech and Ouagadougou.
These techniques were applied shortly afterwards, notably in a study of environmental impact of the industrial site of Mohammédia (Morocco), for the benefit of Tractebel-Environnement.
The expertise acquired in satellite remote sensing allowed to fine-tune software modules adapted to the needs of the urban economic planning in developing countries (pilot-study TELSAT / EUROSENSE).
An overview of the methods and techniques for data acquisition and image processing in remote sensing were presented to the general public in 2000 by Y. Baudot in a multimedia CD-ROM published by the program TELSAT (CD-ROM BEO-Belgian Earth Observation). This CD is now also available on Internet: http://eoedu.belspo.be
Y. Baudot also contributed to the diffusion of the knowledge about remote sensing by developing a presentation software based on Landsat data. This software was displayed during several years in the permanent exhibition(exposure) of the Space Centre of Redu ( Belgium).
In 2006, N.A.D.A.R. was part of a consortium in a resarch done for the European Space Agency about thje utilisation of satellite remote sensing to assess the environmental impact of hydro-electrical plants in Brazil:
In 2011-2014, Y. Baudot was at the origin of an ambitious research&development project called EO4REDD. This project aimed at developing a robust solution to quantify and certify the biomass of dense rain forest and to assess its evolution (deforestation and forest degradation). The proposed solution was based on using various type of earth observation satellites and low altitude stereoscopic aerial photos. The project was stopped in 2014 for stupid administrative reasons.