.Tuesday Must Reads: California Ranks Among Worst in Nation in Housing Kids; Tribes Seek to Build Casino in Vallejo
John Pérez.
Stories you shouldn't miss:
1. California ranks near the bottom nationwide in its treatment of homeless children, placing above only Mississippi and Alabama, the Chron reports, citing a new study by the National Center on Family Homelessness. California ranks third from last in the number of homeless children per capita. And the report ranks the state 49th for its ongoing failure to adequately help homeless kids and their families.
2. Two Pomo Indian bands are competing to build a casino in Vallejo on the former Navy shipyard on Mare Island, the Chron reports. It would be the biggest casino complex in Northern California. But the proposal faces an uphill battle because California voters just rejected Proposition 48, which would have allowed a similar off-reservation casino in the Central Valley.
3. Governor Jerry Brown appointed former Assembly Speaker John Pérez and Eloy Ortiz Oakley, president of Long Beach City College, to the UC Board of Regents in advance of a meeting this week, in which the regents will consider raising student tuition again, the LA Times$ reports. The governor opposes the tuition hike and his two new appointments are expected to vote against it.
[jump] 4. The Berkeley City Council will consider tonight a proposal that would require gas stations in the city to post climate change warning signs on gas pumps, the Chron reports. San Francisco is considering a similar measure.
5. Caltrans is delaying the demolition of the old eastern span of the Bay Bridge to give engineers more time to analyze the complicated project and to make sure that cormorants nesting on the old bridge aren't impacted during their nesting season, the CoCo Times$ reports.
6. Scientists suspect that an unusual die-off of small seabirds known as Cassin's auklets on the California coast may be due to ocean warming caused by climate change, the Mercury News$ reports.
7. And scientists have concluded that the mass die-off of starfish in state coastal waters is being caused by a virus — although they're not sure what prompted the virus to spread, the Merc$ reports.
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SUICIDE RISK AND PREVENTION
Trans Magnetic Stimulation Therapy
Green tea polyphenols
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Green tea may help lower cholesterol. Evidence of its cancer preventive effects in humans is not conclusive.
Green tea contains substances called polyphenols, which scientists think contribute to its anticancer activity. Laboratory studies of one polyphenol, catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), show that it may interfere with several processes involved in cell replication, causing tumor cell death. It also might slow the formation of blood vessels around tumors. Epigallocatechin (ECG), another polyphenol, stops leukemic cells from multiplying in laboratory studies. As an antioxidant, green tea may repair cell damage, but whether it can prevent cancer is uncertain. It is also unknown how it might help protect the heart, but it reduces LDL ("bad") cholesterol and increases HDL ("good") cholesterol. Tannins present in green tea generally have antibacterial properties.
Animal studies indicate that oral consumption of green tea extract during fasting can increase the risk of toxicity. It may also interact with various drugs. Human studies are needed.
Purported Uses
As an antioxidant
There is mixed evidence.
To prevent and treat cancer
Although laboratory studies show an anti-cancer effect, a few clinical trials and population surveys show mixed results. A number of studies in China have suggested that high intake may protect against cancers of the colon and stomach.
To lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease
One clinical trial showed that a theaflavin-enriched green tea extract can be used with other dietary approaches to lower a certain type of cholesterol. A few studies suggest possible benefits with drinking green tea on some risk factors for heart disease, but additional studies are needed.
To improve mental functioning; for clear thinking
Caffeinated forms of green tea may stimulate the nervous system.
To lower high blood pressure
Studies show a reduction in the risk of developing high blood pressure.
To prevent tooth decay
Laboratory studies show that green tea may prevent bacteria from attaching to teeth. This use has not been tested in clinical trials.
To lose weight
One human study shows increased expenditure of energy.
To increase water loss (as a diuretic)
No studies support this use.
Patient Warnings
Infants should not be fed green tea, as it may interfere with iron metabolism and cause anemia.
Do Not Take If
You are pregnant or breastfeeding: Caffeine passes into breast milk and may cause insomnia in the infant.
You have a peptic ulcer: Green tea stimulates the production of gastric acid.
You are taking adenosine: Caffeine may lessen its effects.
You are taking atropine: Green tea may reduce its absorption from the gut and therefore lessen its effects.
You are taking codeine: Green tea may reduce its absorption from the gut and therefore lessen its effects.
You take warfarin or other blood thinners: In theory, very large amounts on the order of one-half to one gallon per day might lessen the effect of these drugs.
You are using bortezomib: Polyphenols can inhibit the effects of this drug.
You are taking tamoxifen: Green tea may increase risk of adverse effects of Tamoxifen.
You are taking verapamil: Green tea may increase risk of adverse effects of Verapamil.
You are taking irinotecan: By inhibiting elimination of irinotecan, EGCG may increase its toxicity.
You are taking drugs that are substrates of cytochrome P450 3A4: Green tea may increase the risk of side effects of these drugs.
You are taking drugs that are substrates of UGT (Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase) enzymes: Green tea may increase the risk of side effects of these drugs.
You are taking acetaminophen: Green tea increased liver injury caused by acetaminophen in mice when it was given after acetaminophen.
You are taking nadolol: Green tea extract may make it less effective.
You are taking palbociclib: Green tea extract may decrease availability of palbociclib, thereby reducing its effectiveness.
Nausea, stomach upset
Caffeine can cause insomnia, nervousness, or irritability.
Liver toxicity: Several cases have been associated with consumption of green tea.
Swelling, itchiness, and darkening of lower lip: In a 40-year-old woman following use of green tea for several years.
Blood clots in small blood vessels: In a 38-year-old woman following green tea supplementation for weight loss.
Special Point
Green tea can reduce the absorption of iron from the gut. It should be taken either 2 hours before or 4 hours after taking an iron supplement.
Green tea is a beverage derived from the unfermented leaves of a plant native to Asia. The extract is marketed as a dietary supplement to regulate blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and for weight loss and cancer prevention. Active constituents include the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), caffeine, and theanine. Green tea consumption may reduce the risk of hypertension (9) and cardiovascular disease (14), and a theaflavin-enriched extract lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (8). Green tea intake has also been associated with a reduction in self-reported depression (77). Some findings suggest that green tea can enhance glucose tolerance in healthy individuals (11) (12), and reduce fasting blood glucose levels (78). However, data from studies on obese (10) (60) and diabetic patients (13) are mixed.
Topical application of green tea extracts was found effective against external genital and perianal warts (15) (16) (17). One such extract, sinecatechin, is an FDA-approved drug indicated for this use.
Green tea and its active compounds have been studied for their cancer preventive potential. In vitro studies suggest chemopreventive (1) and antiangiogenic (4) effects.
Preliminary human studies suggest preventive benefits with green tea extracts among patients with oral premalignant lesions (41), or at high-risk of developing liver (61) or colorectal cancers (64). Another extract produced beneficial biologic responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (52).
EGCG, applied topically, can help relieve radiation-induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients (74) (75). In addition, oral EGCG consumption was found to be effective against acute radiation-induced esophagitis in lung cancer patients (76). However, an EGCG-enriched green tea was not useful as maintenance intervention in women with advanced stage ovarian cancer after standard treatment (71), and EGCG supplementation did not reduce likelihood of prostate cancer (63).
In other prostate cancer studies, supplementation with a blend of green tea, pomegranate, broccoli, and curcumin had a protective effect in prostate cancer patients following post-radical treatment (59). Green tea consumption decreased PSA levels in prostate cancer patients prior to prostatectomy (72). However, higher doses of green tea catechins were associated with elevated incidence of prostate cancer in men with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (73).
Data on whether green tea can reduce gastric and esophageal cancer risk are mixed (5) (6) (42). It was also not associated with risk of developing malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma (65), although data suggest tea intake reduced risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (56). Other data suggest that consumption may actually increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (62). Future studies are needed to resolve this ambiguity.
The caffeinated form may cause insomnia and nausea. Use of decaffeinated products may be preferred due to lower incidence of adverse events, but data are inconsistent regarding the relative efficacy of caffeinated versus decaffeinated teas. Animal studies indicate that oral consumption of green tea extract during fasting can increase the risk of toxicity (49). In humans, EGCG intake (200 mg, twice daily for one year) was shown to be safe (70) based on clinical data, whereas a daily dose amounting to 800 mg EGCG was associated with elevated liver enzymes, which was reversible with consumption cessation (67). It is important to distinguish food from concentrated supplements because the dosage varies considerably, and that in turn can either confer benefit or cause harmful effects.
Cognitive improvement
Green tea is thought to confer cardiovascular protection by increasing HDL cholesterol and lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (8) (29), as well as by blocking platelet aggregation. The tannins may have antibacterial properties (28) and can produce antidiarrheal effects. The flavonoid constituents may reduce lipoprotein oxidation (30).
Modulation of blood pressure by green tea is thought to be mediated through EGCG. It induces nitric oxide (NO) production via activation of endothelial NO synthase, resulting in vasodilation (27). In healthy subjects, a green tea extract modulated effective brain connectivity during working memory processing (55). EGCG inhibited aggregation of tau protein, thereby reducing toxicity in neuronal model cells (57).
Anticancer activities have been related to polyphenol content, with chemopreventive properties attributed to EGCG via apoptotic induction and tumor antiangiogenesis (20). EGCG may inhibit enzymes involved in cell replication and DNA synthesis by interfering with cell-to-cell adhesion or intracellular communication pathways required for cell division (21). In vitro data indicate that concentrations of 30 mcg/mL EGCG and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) inhibit lipoxygenase-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism by 30-75% in normal human colon mucosa and colon cancers (22). Other studies in human colon cancer cell lines suggest that EGCG inhibits topoisomerase I, but not topoisomerase II (23). It also inhibited DNA replication in leukemia cancer cell lines (24), and modulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leading to apoptosis in leukemic cells (7).
Administration of green tea inhibits UVB light-induced carcinogenesis; when given before and during carcinogen treatment, it reduced incidence and number of stomach and esophageal tumors in mice (25).
Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) includes tea on their list of "Generally Recognized As Safe" substances, pregnant women and women who breastfeed should limit their intake because of caffeine content.
Because tea can pass into breast milk, it may cause sleep disorders in nursing infants. Ingestion by infants has been linked to impaired iron metabolism and microcystic anemia.
Individuals with peptic ulcers should avoid drinking because it can stimulate the production of gastric acid (29).
Green tea is generally considered safe, but because of the caffeine content, excessive consumption can disrupt sleep and cause headaches. A few cases of hepatotoxicity have also been associated with green tea extracts containing high EGCG levels (44) (46) (47) (58).
Adverse reactions appear to be dose dependent. Clinical trials reported the following effects:
— Nausea, abdominal pain, and transaminitis after intake of high dose EGCG (2000 mg orally twice per day) in patients with early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (52)
— Elevation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, also after consumption of high amounts of EGCG (843 mg daily for one year) by postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer (68)
— In another study of EGCG in breast cancer patients, rectal bleeding (with 800mg daily), weight gain, indigestion and insomnia (daily dose of 1200 mg), and liver function abnormality (at 1,600 mg daily) were reported (69).
However, in a study of men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), EGCG (200 mg, twice daily for one year) was shown to be safe (70).
Pruritic swelling and darkening of lower lip following green tea consumption for several years (45) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after taking a green tea supplement for weight loss (48) have also been reported.
When consumed during fasting, green tea extract increased the risk of toxicity in animal studies. Whether it has the same effect in humans is not known (49).
Herb-Drug Interactions
Adenosine: The caffeine content may inhibit the hemodynamic effects of adenosine (18).
Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets: Theoretically, consumption of large amounts (.5-1 gallon/day) may provide enough vitamin K to antagonize the effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, though this effect has not been reported in humans (29) (34).
Atropine: The tannin content may reduce the absorption of atropine.
Iron supplements: The tannin content in may reduce the bioavailability of iron. Green tea should be taken either 2 hours before or 4 hours following iron administration.
Codeine: The tannin content may reduce the absorption of codeine (18).
Bortezomib: EGCG and other polyphenols can inhibit the therapeutic effect of bortezomib and other boronic acid based proteasome inhibitors (37).
Tamoxifen: EGCG was shown to increase the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, increasing the potential for their interactions (38).
Verapamil: The bioavailability of verapamil increased significantly in the presence of EGCG, thought to be due to P-glycoprotein inhibition by EGCG (39).
Irinotecan: A study found EGCG to inhibit transport of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 into biliary elimination, resulting in their prolonged half-life which can increase toxicity (40).
Cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates: Green tea extract inhibits CYP 3A4 enzyme and can affect the intracellular concentration of drugs metabolized by this enzyme (43) (44).
UGT (Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase) substrates: Green tea modulates UGT enzymes in vitro and can increase the side effects of drugs metabolized by them (51).
Acetaminophen: Green tea was shown to increase acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice when administered following acetaminophen (53).
Nadolol: Green tea extract inhibits OATP1A2 transporter and can reduce the absorption and plasma concentration of substrate drugs, like nadolol (54).
Palbociclib: The bioavailability of Palbociclib decreased following administration of green tea extract in a murine model (79). Clinical relevance has yet to be determined.
Herb Lab Interactions
Caffeine in green tea may increase PT / PTT
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Pisters KM, et al. Phase I trial of oral green tea extract in adult patients with solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1830-8.
Proniuk S, et al. Preformulation study of epigallocatechin gallate, a promising antioxidant for topical skin cancer prevention. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:111-6.
Sartippour MR, et al. Green tea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in human breast cancer cells. J Nutr 2002;132:2307-11.
Sun CL, et al. Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China. Carcinogenesis 2002;23:1497-503.
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Lee YK, et al. VEGF Receptor Phosphorylation Status and Apoptosis is Modulated by a Green Tea Component, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Blood 2004;104(3):788-94.
Maron DJ, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched green tea extract: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jun 23;163(12):1448-53.
Yang YC, et al.The protective effect of habitual tea consumption on hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Jul 26;164(14):1534-40.
Brown AL, Lane J, Coverly J, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate on insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr. Aug 19 2008:1-9.
Tsuneki H, Ishizuka M, Terasawa M, Wu JB, Sasaoka T, Kimura I. Effect of green tea on blood glucose levels and serum proteomic patterns in diabetic (db/db) mice and on glucose metabolism in healthy humans.BMC Pharmacol. Aug 26 2004;4:18.
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Mackenzie T, Leary L, Brooks WB. The effect of an extract of green and black tea on glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: double-blind randomized study. Metabolism. Oct 2007;56(10):1340-1344.
Kuriyama S, Shimazu T, Ohmori K, et al. Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study. JAMA. 2006;296(10):1255-65.
Gross G, Meyer KG, Pres H, Thielert C, Tawfik H, Mescheder A. A randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel-group, placebo-controlled Phase II/III study to investigate the clinical efficacy of two galenic formulations of Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital warts.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Nov 2007;21(10):1404-1412.
Stockfleth E, Beti H, Orasan R, et al. Topical Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts: a randomized controlled trial.Br J Dermatol. Jun 2008;158(6):1329-1338.
Tatti S, Swinehart JM, Thielert C, Tawfik H, Mescheder A, Beutner KR. Sinecatechins, a defined green tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2008;111(6):1371-1379.
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Yang CS, et al. Blood and urine levels of tea catechins after ingestion of different amounts of green tea by human volunteers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7:351-4.
Tosetti F, Ferrari N, De Flora S. Angioprevention: angiogenesis is a common and key target for cancer chemopreventive agents. FASEB J 2002;16:2-14.
Yang CS, et al. Prevention of carcinogenesis by tea polyphenols. Drug Metab Rev 2001;33:237-53.
Hong J, et al. Effects of purified green and black tea polyphenols on cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid in human colon mucosa and colon tumor tissues. Biochem Pharmacol 2001;62:1175-83.
Berger SJ, et al. Green tea constituent (—)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits topoisomerase I activity in human colon carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;288:101-5.
Smith DM, et al. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin inhibits DNA replication and consequently induces leukemia cell apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2001;7:645-52.
Huang MT, et al. Effects of tea, decaffeinated tea, and caffeine on UVB light-induced complete carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice: demonstration of caffeine as a biologically important constituent of tea. Cancer Res 1997;57:2623-9.
Yang CS, et al. Human salivary tea catechin levels and catechin esterase activities: implications in human cancer prevention studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:83-9.
Lorenz M, Wessler S, Follmann E, et al. A constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase by a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent protein kinase-, and Akt-dependent pathway and leads to endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. J Biol Chem. Feb 13 2004;279(7):6190-6195.
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Dulloo AG, et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040-5.
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Taylor JR, Wilt VM. Probable antagonism of warfarin by green tea. Ann Pharmacother 1999;33:426-8.
Tsubono Y, et al. Green tea and the risk of gastric cancer in Japan. N Engl J Med 2001;344:632-6
Li Q, Kakizaki M, Kuriyama S, et al. Green tea consumption and lung cancer risk: the Ohsaki study. Br J Cancer 2008 Oct 7;99(7):1179-84.
Goldin EB, Lam P, Kardosh A, et al. Green tea polyphenols block the anticancer effects of bortezomib and other boronic acid based proteasome inhibitors. Blood 2009 Jun 4;113(23):5927-37.
Shin SC, Choi JS. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, in rats. Anticancer Drugs. 2009 Aug;20(7):584-8.
Chung JH, Choi DH, Choi JS. Effects of oral epigallocatechin gallate on the oral pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2009 Mar;30(2):90-3.
Lin LC, Wang MN, Tsai TH. Food-drug interaction of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and the metabolite SN-38. Chem Biol Interact. 2008 Aug 11;174(3):177-82.
Tsao AS, Liu D, Martin J, et al. Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extract in patients with high-risk oral premalignant lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2009 Nov;2(11):931-41.
Myung SK, Bae WK, Oh SM, et al. Green tea consumption and risk of stomach cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Cancer. 2009 Feb 1;124(3):670-7.
Wanwimolruk S, Wong K, Wanwimolruk P. Variable inhibitory effect of different brands of commercial herbal supplements on human cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2009;24(1):17-35.
Mazzanti G, Menniti-Ippolito F, Moro PA, et al. Hepatotoxicity from green tea: a review of the literature and two unpublished cases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;65(4):331-41.
Lee JI, Cho BK, Ock SM, Park HJ. Pigmented contact cheilitis: from green tea? Contact Dermatitis. 2010 Jan;62(1):60-1.
Vanstraelen S, Rahier J, Geubel AP. Jaundice as a misadventure of a green tea (camellia sinensis) lover : a case report. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2008 Oct-Dec;71(4):409-12.
Verhelst X, Burvenich P, Van Sassenbroeck D, Gabriel C, Lootens M, Baert D. Acute hepatitis after treatment for hair loss with oral green tea extracts (Camellia Sinensis). Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2009 Apr-Jun;72(2):262-4.
Liatsos GD, Moulakakis A, Ketikoglou I, Klonari S. Possible green tea-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010 Apr 1;67(7):531-4.
Wu KM. Green Tea Extract Induced Lethal Toxicity in Fasted but Not in Nonfasted Dogs. Int J Toxicol. 2011 Feb;30(1):19-20.
Engdal S, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by herbal remedies frequently used by cancer patients. Phytother Res. 2009 Jul;23(7):906-12.
Mohamed ME, Frye RF. Effects of herbal supplements on drug glucuronidation. Review of clinical, animal, and in vitro studies. Planta Med. 2011 Mar;77(4):311-21.
Shanafelt TD, Call TG, Zent CS, et al. Phase 2 trial of daily, oral polyphenon E in patients with asymptomatic, Rai stage 0 to II chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer. 2012 Jul 3. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27719. [Epub ahead of print]
Salminen WF, Yang X, Shi Q, Greenhaw J, Davis K, Ali AA. Green tea extract can potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 May;50(5):1439-46.
S Misaka, J Yatabe, F Müller, et al. Green tea ingestion greatly reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Apr;95(4):432-8.
Schmidt A, Hammann F, Wölnerhanssen B, et al. Green tea extract enhances parieto-frontal connectivity during working memory processing. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Oct;231(19):3879-88.
Liu P, Zhang M, Jin J, Holman CD. Tea consumption reduces the risk of de novo myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res. 2015 Feb;39(2):164-9.
Wobst HJ, Sharma A, Diamond MI, Wanker EE, Bieschke J. The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate prevents the aggregation of tau protein into toxic oligomers at substoichiometric ratios. FEBS Lett. 2015 Jan 2;589(1):77-83.
Fernández J, Navascués C, Albines G, Franco L, Pipa M, Rodríguez M. Three cases of liver toxicity with a dietary supplement intended to stop hair loss. Rev Esp Enferm Dig.2014 Dec;106(8):552-5.
Thomas R, Williams M, Sharma H, Chaudry A, Bellamy P. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial evaluating the effect of a polyphenol-rich whole food supplement on PSA progression in men with prostate cancer—the U.K. NCRN Pomi-T study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2014 Jun;17(2):180-6.
Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, et al. Long-term supplementation of green tea extract does not modify adiposity or bone mineral density in a randomized trial of overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Nutr. Dec 23 2015.
Xue KS, Tang L, Cai Q, et al. Mitigation of fumonisin biomarkers by green tea polyphenols in a high-risk population of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2015;5:17545.
Li M, Tse LA, Chan WC, Kwok CH, et al. Evaluation of breast cancer risk associated with tea consumption by menopausal and estrogen receptor status among Chinese women in Hong Kong.Cancer Epidemiol. 2015 Dec 8;40:73-78.
Kumar NB, Pow-Sang J, Egan KM, et al. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila).2015 Oct;8(10):879-87.
Shin CM, Lee DH, Seo AY, et al. Green tea extracts for the prevention of metachronous colorectal polyps among patients who underwent endoscopic removal of colorectal adenomas: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan 29. pii: S0261-5614(17)30038-9.
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Paul D, Surendran S, Chandrakala P, Satheeshkumar N. An assessment of the impact of green tea extract on palbociclib pharmacokinetics using a validated UHPLC-QTOF-MS method. Biomed Chromatogr. 2018 Dec 13:e4469.
About Herbs
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Neighbours left 'feeling unsafe' as West Yorkshire Police called '30 times in a year' to nearby Featherstone home
Upset after series of thefts from roof of village community centre
Staff at a village community centre say they are fed up after a series of thefts from the building.
Friday, 16th February 2018, 1:52 pm
Updated Friday, 16th February 2018, 1:55 pm
Picture by Allan McKenzie/YWNG - 13/02/18 - Press - Kinsley Community Centre Lead Theft, Fitzwilliam, England - Peter Taberner with centre manager Jill Craig, Sandra Picken and Glyn Lloyd.
The committee that runs the Kinsley and Fitzwilliam Learning and Community Centre say lead has been stolen from the roof of the property, on Wakefield Road, Kinsley, on three separate occasions since Christmas.
Peter Taberner, vice chair and treasurer of the centre's management committee said: "The thefts have caused a great amount of stress to both the management committee and staff alike.
"These crimes have resulted in a huge loss to the centre's finances. The centre has been open for twenty years and has never suffered this amount of damage before.
"It is run by and for the local community, offering adult education, a community cafe, a large and successful nursery, and dance and keep fit programs, so we find it unbelievable that anyone would want to cause this amount of damage."
Mr Taberner said the most recent theft took place over February 2 and 3 and involved the centre's Red Roof Nursery. Damage to the nursery's roof caused water to pour into and flood the building.
Police said they are investigating information about break-ins around the Kinsley and Fitzwilliam areas.
Inspector Paul Sullivan said they were carrying out operations in the area and urged people to contact them about break-ins, claiming many were going unreported.
Anyone with information is asked to call police on 101.


Super Metroid Phazon Hack 0.3
Hack of Super Metroid
Red_M0nk3y
No-Header (SNES)
G,L,GP
Super Metroid Phazon Hack 0.3 is a full rehack of SM Phazon hack. this hack has new rooms, items, enemies, and new graphics. The difficulty level is easier then most SM hacks.
Super Metroid (Japan, USA) (En,Ja).smc
CRC32: D63ED5F8
MD5: 21F3E98DF4780EE1C667B84E57D88675
SHA-1: DA957F0D63D14CB441D215462904C4FA8519C613
SHA-256: 12B77C4BC9C1832CEE8881244659065EE1D84C70C3D29E6EAF92E6798CC2CA72
Red_M0nk3y Hacking
Can't wait for 1.0!
Reviewed By: gdoddmeta3608 on 10 Jan 2012
Super Metroid: Phazon is the most enjoyable SM hack I have played so far, and it hasn't even finished development yet. It stands by the formula of the original, with emphasis on exploration and immersion into the atmosphere (I was 'immersed' for close to 12 hours in the span of a few days). Still, there are a handful of nasty bugs and mistakes that will need to be corrected in future generations.
SM: Phazon is given more of a technological feel to contrast the organic vibe set by the original SM, and it is executed almost perfectly. All of the sprites, backgrounds, gfx, etc are stunning.. Everything graphically has been reworked; enemies (most of which now take on a robotic appearance), beams (now in the style of Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, complete with Dark Beam, Light Beam, and so on..), hatches and elevators, Samus's phazon suits (these suits look VERY nice. Picture the Dark Samus suit from the Prime series with slight color variations of red, blue, purple… Very nicely done).
All new areas with music tracks rearranged to suit them accordingly. The icy cavernous region, Omion Drift, plays just right to the theme of Maridia. What used to be the Tourian theme is given over to the dangerous Phazon Mine (more on this later), which is very much SM: Phazon's take on the 'Metroid Prime' Phazon Mine. And the music that played in SM's debriefing is now used for Tetrafuse, the embodiment of SM:P's technologically savvy graphic direction, spanning across two giant militaristic bases.
SM:P is very close to the original SM in difficulty.. It will NOT induce a hard-type headache. I was very pleased with this aspect having just finished the 'save state fest' that is Super Metroid: Redesign. You won't have to use states in this hack; the developers have provided us with a liberal amount of save stations.
Gameplay flows very nicely, from acquired item/ability, to regional boss, to next area, and so on. All gameplay mechanics are retained from the original SM, with a few new ones added in: it can become addicting very fast..
Bugs/Permastucks all over the place (as is to be expected with a 0.3 version). The final battle is especially broken; if you don't get stuck in a wall from the outset, you can skip the fight entirely by taking the blue hatch on the left side. There are other problems with hatches throughout the game as well, and I'm not entirely sure if this is due to glitch or neglected programming, but there are some VERY odd choices in terms of which doors are initially locked, which doors stay locked, which doors unlock and when they unlock, etc…
There is a greater sense of non linearity when it comes to the bosses. I can be LOADED with energy and missile tanks by the time I fight a boss that was intended for earlier confrontation, and so most of them were pushovers. The Kraid battle was notably anti-climactic (not to mention the 3+ bosses who are no shows in this hack).
The most aesthetically pleasing and artistically driven section of SM:P, the lower Phazon Mine (the part with the Brinstar theme, which works wonders, by the way, when used in a later stage of the game), was over way too quickly; it really could be for SM:P what the crashed spaceship section was for Prime 1, or what Maridia was for the original SM… I really hope this part is built upon in future generations.
A few minor complaints: The A.I. for the 'space pirate' enemies is very bad. Sometimes they won't even attack you even if you're standing directly in front of them. AND they have absurd amounts of HP (other enemies have an excessive amount of HP as well). Also, no use is made out of the grappling beam other than opening a new type of hatch (which looks very much like the normal 'blue' hatch, causing me a bit of confusion early on). Surely more could have been made of the quintessential Metroid gadget, the Grappling Beam.. Lastly, the 'new' energy recharge stations are completely unnecessary (now, instead of going up to a station and recharging in a matter of 3 seconds, Samus has to stand in a 'recharge zone' for as long as 30 seconds to a minute). I found myself holding the turbo button when I needed to recharge.
My biggest complaint with Super Metroid: Phazon is that there is no feasible storyline. You're not even given a briefing as to what you're supposed to be doing.. The game just starts with Dark Samus standing in the wreckage of what looks like a space pod. She's been sent to this planet for some reason, too bad we don't know what it is… I say this is my biggest complaint because it has nothing to do with bugs or glitches; it was a conscious decision by the creator NOT to include a storyline, and so there is probably no reason to believe there will ever be one in later generations.. Oh well..
The new 'Draygon' design. Check it out if you don't believe me!
Despite all of these negatives, I had tons of fun playing this romhack, and I would certainly recommend it to any fan of the Metroid series. Hopefully I can even be of some assistance to the creators if they happen to stumble upon my review.
Being bad never felt so good! jm102887 24 May 2020 0.3 Yes
Impressive Hack McDenDen 04 Dec 2016 0.3 Yes
Must-Play bobblunderton 30 May 2016 0.3 Yes
Can't wait for 1.0! gdoddmeta3608 10 Jan 2012 N/A Yes
Just Plain Wow MetroidMst 04 Jan 2012 N/A Yes


A FAT WRECK : THE PUNK-U-MENTARY
Sat 27th Aug 2016 18:15 - 20:15 (SAST)Labia Theatre, 68 Orange St, Gardens, Cape Town, South Africa, 8001
(African Premiere) NB! On-line booking is now closed, check with the cinema if there are any tickets left at the door: 021 4245927
25 years of punk ethics, chosen family, and surviving the music business. The Fat Wreck Chords story.
Fat Wreck Chords... The influential music label proud to say they've spent the past 25 years "ruining punk rock".
This documentary tells the story of founders Fat Mike (of the legendary punk band NOFX) and his ex-wife Erin Kelly-Burkett, spanning the birth, growth, struggles, and survival of the Fat Wreck Chords label, with bands like Anti-Flag, Rancid, Rise Against, Sick Of It All, The Ataris, Lagwagon, Less Than Jake, Descendents, Against Me!, Masked Intruder, MxPx, Nerf Herder, No Use For A Name, Propagandhi, Subhumans, Tilt, Bad Cop / Bad Cop, The Flatliners, Face To Face, Get Dead, Mad Caddies, Me First And The Gimme Gimmes, None More Black, Morning Glory, Snuff, Star Fucking Hipsters, Randy, C.J. Ramone, Strung Out and loads more.
Half inspirational story of chosen family and community, half debauchery and occasionally involuntary drug use... Features interviews, music and archive footage from the folks running this unconventional label and the bands they released.
[A Fat Wreck blazes exciting new ground in the cinematic genre of puppet-driven punk rock music documentary filmmaking. If you only see one film featuring a dominatrix spanking a puppet in your lifetime... Make it A Fat Wreck!]
www.facebook.com/SoundOnScreenFilmFest
www.flamedrop.com/sos
www.quicket.co.za/organisers/572-sound-on-screen-music-film-festival
Labia Theatre
68 Orange St
Sat 27 Aug 2016 at 6:15 PM (SAST)
Paul Blom
TERMINATRYX
Tweets by @TERMINATRYX


ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FAILED COVID-19 POLICY MEASURES AND MANDATES
Posted byrightsfreedoms July 1, 2022 June 30, 2022 Posted inUncategorizedTags:booster, children, coronavirus, covid, infection, Midazolam, mrna, natural immunity, pandemic, pcr test, Remdesivir, transmission, vaccine
A LETTER FROM HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS TO GOVERNMENTS, POLICYMAKERS, REGULATORS AND THE MEDICAL FRATERNITY
A PANDA INITIATIVE
Having tried to contain the Covid-19 epidemic for two years, real-world evidence suggests that the measures adopted globally have failed in their primary objective of "controlling the virus", whilst at the same time causing immense harm. Indeed, there is no compelling evidence supporting lockdown restrictions, social distancing, mask mandates or vaccine mandates.
As healthcare professionals we therefore demand:
1. An immediate halt to all Covid-19 mandates and, if deemed necessary, a switch to the use of purely voluntary measures such as those practised during outbreaks of seasonal influenza.
2. An immediate review of policies and procedures adopted under the guise of the Covid-19 emergency measures.
3. An immediate review of the role of policymaking, regulatory bodies and task groups involved in Covid-19 policy recommendations and mandates.
4. The establishment of a process to hold accountable – where deemed appropriate – those individuals and organizations involved in the promulgation, implementation and enforcement of Covid-19 policies, procedures and mandates.
When the Covid-19 pandemic was declared, many countries adopted a non-negotiable stance and enforced policies and medical management based on biased data distributed by limited sources from a select group of institutions. Despite a lack of solid supporting evidence, and despite significant internal discord within these institutions, governments, policy makers, regulators and medical advisors chose to follow and impose a single, unwavering narrative on their nations to the exclusion of any other viewpoints. This had devastating economic repercussions and has undermined trust in the medical profession.
The economic repercussions of the Covid-19 policies will be felt for years to come. The monetary costs of measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus have drastically outweighed the costs of the direct effects of the virus itself. The gap between economic classes has widened considerably, with a minority of select stakeholders enjoying great increases in wealth, while the majority of people experience economic decline.
A relationship of trust between doctor and patient should be at the core of Medicine. But, despite some physicians and medical groups having developed potentially effective early treatment protocols for Covid-19, using approved and well-established medicines, governments, policy makers, regulators and medical advisors chose to suppress and even criminalize any discussion of the use of these medicines in the management and care of patients. They also chose to enforce questionable medical protocols that, in some countries, may well have resulted in the unnecessary deaths of numerous individuals. This included possible over-prescribing of Midazolam for care-home patients in Britain, the inappropriate application of "Do Not Resuscitate" orders, and the use of Remdesivir and early intubation for hospital patients in the USA.
While effective early treatments were being suppressed, candidate mRNA 'vaccines' were rushed to market under emergency use authorization (EUA). Despite being inadequately tested, these novel and unconventional gene-based injections continue to be forced on populations through mandates and coercion. While they are constantly touted as 'safe and effective', it is clear that these injections are failing, with boosters now being required regularly and unprecedented numbers of adverse reactions – including deaths – being reported.
It is our contention that as a result of the aforementioned failures by governments, policy makers, regulators and medical advisors, considerably more overall harm to health – including many more deaths – have resulted than would have been the case had prior pandemic
The following two sections of this document present:
Section 1:
A summary of what we now know about the Covid-19 epidemic, most of which has been suppressed by governments, corporations, international agencies and the media.
A comprehensive list of references in which the evidence for these statements may be found.
This is the evidence upon which we base our demands for a halt to the Covid-19 measures, a thorough review of these measures, and the holding to account of those who have perpetrated and profited from these measures.
THE COVID-19 SITUATION,
According to evidence-based literature and comparative analysis we know the following:
Covid-19 Vaccines:
Do not prevent viral transmission;
Do not prevent infection; and
Do not statistically reduce all-cause hospitalization or all-cause mortality. Recent studies are reporting an increase in all-cause mortality in vaccinated groups.
Short-term safety data to date are also extremely concerning, with unprecedented numbers of severe adverse reactions, including deaths, being reported in association with the injections.
There is growing evidence that Covid-19 vaccines have negative effects on the immune system, including immunosuppression.
The long-term safety profile and long-term adverse effects, especially from repeated doses and "boosters", are as yet unknown and raise concern.
Natural immunity vs. vaccine-induced immunity:
Natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is superior to immunity provided by vaccination, highly likely to be broader in scope (i.e. against future variants) and of longer duration.
As such, administering the Covid-19 vaccinations to the Covid-recovered provides little to no benefit whilst exposing the recipient to known and unknown risks.
Any recommendation that those who have already been infected with SARS-CoV-2 should receive the vaccine contradicts evidence-based medicine.
Data shows that a level of community immunity has been reached in most places which is compatible with an endemic equilibrium state which, combined with less virulent variants and better treatment options, means that the time has come to "learn to live with Covid" and return to normality.
Therapeutic protocols and interventions in Covid-19 therapy:
Multicentre reports provide evidence that early therapeutic intervention results in improved outcomes after Covid-19 infection.
The PCR test:
PCR tests that were mandated globally as a form of screening for Covid-19 produced a high percentage of operational false positive results.
There was no basis for the widespread use of this test as a positive PCR test does not reliably signify infectiousness.
The PCR test yields a particularly high percentage of false positive results in asymptomatic individuals. This is consistent with a previously well-known observation in epidemiology that tests performed on asymptomatic individuals have low positive predictive value.
Asymptomatic transmission:
There is no evidence that asymptomatic people are significant drivers of transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
There is no evidence that isolating asymptomatic people who have a positive PCR test for Covid-19 provides any benefit.
The risk of Covid-19 in children:
Nearly all children infected with Covid-19 have very mild symptoms.
Most children who test positive for Covid-19 are asymptomatic.
There is no compelling data demonstrating that asymptomatic transmission or transmission of Covid-19 from children is a significant risk to healthy adults.
Many other respiratory pathogens affect children to a higher degree than SARS-CoV-2.
Overreporting and exaggeration of Covid-19 deaths in hospital
There is evidence that hospitalization and mortality rates from Covid-19 have been grossly overestimated in most countries. This is due to basing estimates solely on PCR testing, while disregarding the etiology or cause of the clinical condition, comorbidities and grounds for admission to hospital.
Lockdown measures
The global lockdown of communities, including isolating healthy individuals, curfews, social distancing and mask mandates, have not been proven effective at reducing the risk of Covid-19 infection but have been shown to cause significant non-Covid harm; the stringency of lockdown measures was not correlated with reduced burden from Covid-19.
Based on the observations above, our demand to governments, policy makers, regulators and the medical fraternity is the immediate termination of all Covid-19 policies, including mandates, vaccine passports, segregation and discrimination based on an individual's health or vaccination status.
OF SUPPORTING STUDIES
We present a comprehensive summary of references supporting the summary of findings listed above.
Accountability for failed Covid policy measures and mandates
An open letter to the American Board of Medical Specialties and the Federation of State Medical Boards: The destruction of Member Boards' credibility
Christine Anderson MEP on the Northern Light Convention


Home Local History Pollitt Bible: Rich in African-American family history
Pollitt Bible: Rich in African-American family history
Jul 14th, 2020 · by Dorchester Banner · Comments: 0
Submitted photo/Nabb Center
The Pollitt Family Bible is a treasure trove of family information.
SALISBURY — The Pollitt Family Bible is a gift that keeps on giving for researching the past and engaging with 18th century Black history on Delmarva. One page, recorded next to the beginning of the New Testament, documents the names and birthdays of the children of Titus Pollitt, a statement from the Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History & Culture said.
There are so many stories that can be told of the people named here, like Rev. Frost Pollitt who was a founding member of the Delaware Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and first pastor of the John Wesley ME Church (now the Charles H. Chipman Cultural Center) around 1837.
"Recently, in an environmental history course and our Maryland Humanities summer institute for teachers, we've made connections between this bible, the 1788 estate inventory of Thomas Pollitt III, and a secretary desk in our permanent exhibit," the statement said. "Documents can tell us so many stories, but using some creativity and understanding of the past, we can also view the mahogany desk in a new light considering the potential role enslaved peoples played in harvesting, milling, shipping, and potentially crafting the wood that came to Delmarva in the 1700s and is on display to this day."
Special thanks to L. Paul Morris, Jr. for his generosity in donating these items and his continued research on these families. Learn more at frostpollitt.org
Tags:Charles H. Chipman Cultural Center · Delaware Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church · Delmarva · Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History & Culture · Featured · Salisbury
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Alabama Life & Culture
Colton Underwood's 'Bachelor' season: How to watch
Updated: Apr. 19, 2021, 2:45 p.m. | Published: Apr. 19, 2021, 2:45 p.m.
New 'Bachelor' Colton Underwood attends the Disney ABC Television TCA Summer Press Tour, August 7, 2018 in Beverly Hills, California.(Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)
By Ben Flanagan | bflanagan@al.com
Colton Underwood, the former "Bachelor" star who came out as gay on last week during an interview on "Good Morning America," led a memorable season of ABC's popular reality dating show, and you can watch it now on HBO Max.
Underwood, 29, told "GMA" host Robin Roberts the past year has been a period of self-discovery for him during the coronavirus pandemic.
"Obviously this year's been a lot for a lot of people, and it's probably made a lot of people look themselves in the mirror and figure out who they are and what they've been running from or what they've been putting off in their lives," Underwood said. "For me, I've ran from myself for a long time and I've hated myself for a long time, and I'm gay. I came to terms with that earlier this year and have been processing it. The next step in all of this was sort of letting people know. I'm still nervous, but it's been a journey for sure."
Underwood, a former football player, said he'd struggled with his sexuality in the past and even had suicidal thoughts. But a year of soul searching, he said, had left him in a positive place.
Hannah Brown recently expressed her support for Underwood in a text post on her Instagram Stories, saying, "So proud of @coltonunderwood. Sending you support every step of the way as you continue to embark on your self-discovery journey." She capped the message with a heart emoji.
Brown, an Alabama native, competed for Underwood's affections on Season 23 of the ABC reality series, taking seventh place that season and moving on to star in "The Bachelorette."
RELATED: Was Hannah the best 'Bachelorette' in show's history?
Now that Underwood is out, he'll star in his own reality show on Netflix, according to a report by Variety, but The Los Angeles Times reports an online petition urging the streamer to cancel the series has gained more than 20,000 signatures. "The Change.org campaign cites stalking and harassment allegations leveled by Underwood's ex, Cassie Randolph, as justification for scrapping the show," the LA Times report says.
You can watch Underwood's Bachelor season, and others, on various streaming services right now. Learn more below.
How can I watch Colton Underwood's season of The Bachelor?"
You can stream season 23 of "The Bachelor," on which Underwood is lead, on HBO Max now. All 13 episodes, including the "Women Tell All" and "After the Final Rose" specials are available.
Who are the contestants on Colton's "Bachelor" season?
Along with Hannah Brown, who went on to become lead on "The Bachelorette," Underwood's season included other popular contestants like Tayshia Adams, Hannah Godwin, Caelynn Miller-Keyes and the season's winner Cassie Randolph.
Other contestants: Kirpa Sudick, Heather Martin, Katie Morton, Demi Burnett, Sydney Lotuaco, Nicole Lopez-Alvar, Onyeka Ehie, Elyse Dehlbom, Courtney Curtis, Tracy Shapoff, Brianna "Bri" Barnes, Catherine Agro, Nina Bartula, Caitlin Clemmens, Alex Blumberg, Angelique Sherman, Annie Reardon, Erika McNutt, Alex Dillon, Devin Gooden, Eric Landry, Adrianne "Jane" Averbukh, Laura Pellerito, Revian Chang and Tahzjuan Hawkins.
When is the next season of "The Bachelor?"
Season 25 of the show, featuring Matt James, ended in March. Season 17 of "The Bachelorette," led by Katie Thurston, will premiere on ABC June 7, 2021. It will then roll into a second straight "Bachelorette" season, with Michelle Young as lead, in Fall 2021.
What channel is "The Bachelor" on?
New seasons of "The Bachelor" and "The Bachelorette" air on ABC. You can find which channel it is by using the channel finders here: Verizon Fios, AT&T U-verse, Comcast Xfinity, Spectrum/Charter, Optimum/Altice, DIRECTV and Dish.
Where can I watch it if I don't have cable?
You can watch it on fuboTV. It's also available to stream on Hulu + Live. With Hulu + Live, you get access to "The Bachelor," along with your favorite TV shows and live sports.
How can I watch past seasons of 'The Bachelor' franchise?
You can watch episodes from select seasons on Hulu (from $5.99 month). You can also watch past seasons on HBO Max.