You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control PE-6 in Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities? (Part 126) Control PE-6: o f Click on Create Rule, and configure as shown in Figure 7-63 and Figure 7-64 for new users. c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N I S T . S P 1 8 0 0 - 2 . . NIST SP 1800-2C: Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities 103 Figure 7-63 IMG New User T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a v a i l l a b e f r e e o f c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N I S T . S P 1 8 0 0 - 2 . . NIST SP 1800-2C: Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities 104 Figure 7-64 IMG New User T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a v a i l l a b e f r e e o f Click on Create Rule, and configure as shown in Figure 7-65 and Figure 7-66 for user terminations. c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N I S T . S P 1 8 0 0 - 2 . . NIST SP 1800-2C: Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities 105 Figure 7-65 IMG User Termination T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a v a i l l a b e f r e e o f c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N I S T . S P 1 8 0 0 - 2 . . NIST SP 1800-2C: Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities 106 Figure 7-66 IMG User Termination (Continued) Click OK. 7.3.13 Create Provisioning Template The next step is to create a template that IMG uses when provisioning accounts in Adaptive Directory. Click on Requests > Configuration > Account Template > Create Account Template, as shown in Figure 7-67. Figure 7-67 IMG Request Configuration Enter a name, and click OK, as shown in Figure 7-68. T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n i s a v a i l l a b e f r e e o f c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N I S T . S P 1 8 0 0 - 2 . .

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Identity and Access Management for Electric Utilities.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does U.S. Department of Energy Risk Assessment Methodology say about STEP 2 WORKSHEETS? (Part 5) According to U.S. Department of Energy Risk Assessment Methodology, STEP 2 WORKSHEETS: | | | | 2. Ref. No. | (a) Data 1) Unclaasifiad? | Senaitivity or 2) Sensitive Unclassified? (Note Type) | Claaalfication 3) Classified?

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: U.S. Department of Energy Risk Assessment Methodology.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 say about ADVERSARY EFFECTS? According to Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171, ADVERSARY EFFECTS: See [SP 800-160-2]: [ Preclude (Expunge, Preempt); Impede (Contain); Expose (Detect)]. - 3.4.3e Employ automated discovery and management tools to maintain an up-to-date, complete, accurate, and readily available inventory of system components.

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Securing Web Transactions_ TLS Server Certificate Management provide? (Section 439) . Click Continue. 8. Review the License page. Click Next. 9. On the Resource Provisioning page, verify that the only default value, Local Traffic (LTM), is selected and set to Nominal. Click Next. 10. On the Device Certificates page, leave the default as self-sign device Certificate. Click Next. 11. On the Platform page, fill these values. Then click Next. | Field | Value | Comments | |-------------------------------|---------------------|------------| | Management Port Configuration | 443 | | | IP Address | 192.168.3.85 | | | Network Mask | 255.255.255.0 | | | Management Route | 192.168.3.1 | | | Host Name | f5lb1.ext-nccoe.org | | | Time Zone | EST | | |---------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------------------| | Root Account | <your password> | Refer to NIST SP 800-63B for password guidance. | | Admin Account | <your password> | Refer to NIST SP 800-63B for password guidance. | <!-- image --> 12. System logs off the user with password change. Log back in with the new admin password. 13. In the Standard Network Configuration page, click Next. 14. In the Redundant Device Wizard Options page, Un-Select Display configuration synchronization options. 15. In the Internal Network Configuration page, fill in these values. 16. Click Add , then click Next .

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Securing Web Transactions_ TLS Server Certificate Management.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders say about 4.3.2 Configuring the OIDC Client Connection? According to Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders, 4.3.2 Configuring the OIDC Client Connection: Registering a client at an OIDC IdP is analogous to creating an SP connection at a SAML IdP. Some coordination is required between the administrators of the two systems. The client ID and client secret must be provided to the RP, and the RP must provide the redirect URI to the IdP. - To add a client, click the OAuth Settings section tab, and then click Create New under Clients . - Create a CLIENT ID and CLIENT SECRET (Figure 4-36). If mutual TLS authentication is being used instead, the RP must provide its certificate, which can be uploaded to the client creation page. Only the Authorization Code grant type is needed for this integration. In the example shown in Figure 4-36, user prompts to authorize the sharing of the user's attributes with the RP have been disabled in favor of streamlining access to applications. Figure 4-36 OIDC Client Configuration <!-- image --> This completes configuration of the OIDC IdP. .

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, authorization, single sign-on. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security provide? (Section 276) | United States | | VBScript | Visual Basic Script | | VLAN | Virtual Local Area Network | | VPN | Virtual Private Network | | WSH | Windows Scripting Host | | WWW | World Wide Web | Base64 encoding, 2-3 Access control, 5-6, 6-2, 8-2, 9-2 Access control list (ACL), 7-2 Active content, 6-4, 6-10, 8-1 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 7-11 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), 3-2, 3-4 Anti-spyware software, 5-6, 6-5 Anti-virus software, 5-6, 6-4, 6-5 Application proxy, 6-5 Attachment, 6-3, 6-10, 6-12, 8-4 Authentication, 2-9, 5-4, 6-14, 8-2, 8-5 Availability, 4-4 C Certificate authority (CA), 3-5 Certification and accreditation, 4-5 Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism (CRAM), 2-8 Chief Information Officer (CIO), 4-3 Compromise, 9-6 Confidentiality, 3-1, 4-4, 5-6 Configuration control, 4-5 Content filtering, 3-6, 6-9, 6-11, 7-8 Contingency planning, 4-5 Continuity of operations planning, 4-3, 4-5 Cryptographic hash, 2-7, 3-2 Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP), 3-2 Cryptography Public key, 3-1, 3-3 Symmetric key, 3-3 Defense in depth, 4-8 Demilitarized zone (DMZ), 7-1 Denial of service (DoS), 7-8 Digital signature, 3-1, 3-3 Digital Signature Standard (DSS), 3-2 Directory services, 5-3 Disaster recover planning, 4-5 DNS blacklist (DNSBL), 6-13 Domain name system (DNS), 2-2 Encryption, 2-9, 3-1, 3-6 Encryption key

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, authentication, certificate authority. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does CVSS Implementation Guidance say about CVE Description:? According to CVSS Implementation Guidance, CVE Description:: The http\_request\_split\_value function in request.c in lighttpd before 1.4.32 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a request with a header containing an empty token, as demonstrated using the "Connection: TE,,Keep-Alive" header. Analysis: Vector: AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P Base Score: 5.0 CWE: CWE-399 - Resource Management Errors | Metric | Value | Explanation | |-------------------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Access Vector | Network | From keyword 'remote attackers' | | Access Complexity | Low | No special conditions exist | | Authentication | None | Not required | | Confidentiality | None | Not impacted | | Integrity | None | Not impacted | | Availability | Partial | From Table 2 Resource Management Template and affects only the application |

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, token. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: CVSS Implementation Guidance.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Guide for Security-Focused Configuration Management of Information Systems say about 2.2.2 IDENTIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING CONFIGURATIONS? According to Guide for Security-Focused Configuration Management of Information Systems, 2.2.2 IDENTIFYING AND IMPLEMENTING CONFIGURATIONS: After the planning and preparation activities are completed, a secure baseline configuration for the system is developed, reviewed, approved, and implemented. The approved baseline configuration for a system and associated components represents the most secure state consistent with operational requirements and constraints. For a typical system, the secure baseline may address configuration settings, software loads, patch levels, how the information system is physically or logically arranged, how various security controls are implemented, and documentation. Where possible, automation is used to enable interoperability of tools and uniformity of baseline configurations across the system.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide for Security-Focused Configuration Management of Information Systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is OrgSize according to Organizational Views of NIST Cryptographic Standards and Testing and Validation Programs? OrgSize: VL=Very Large, M=Medium,S=Small, VS=Very Small/Micro

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Organizational Views of NIST Cryptographic Standards and Testing and Validation Programs.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is Purpose according to Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification_ Part 3 – PIV Client Application Programming Interface? Purpose: Returns the PIV Middleware version string Prototype: status_word pivMiddlewareVersion ( OUT version versionString );

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification_ Part 3 – PIV Client Application Programming Interface.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Preliminary Functional Specifications of a Prototype Electronic Research Notebook for NIST say about 3.4.1 Multimedia Hardware? According to Preliminary Functional Specifications of a Prototype Electronic Research Notebook for NIST, 3.4.1 Multimedia Hardware: Multimedia, as the term implies, requires a group of hardware integrated under the control of a computer. Although multimedia may pose great demands on computing power, today's PCs are adequate for general multimedia usage. Because of the wide range of equipment available on the market, building a multimedia station takes some planning and careful selection. Some of the factors that should be considered are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Preliminary Functional Specifications of a Prototype Electronic Research Notebook for NIST.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is Validity according to NIST Test Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards Version 2? Validity: Not Before: Mar 6 08:30:00 2013 GMT, Not After: Mar 6 08:30:00 2016 GMT

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: NIST Test Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards Version 2.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control AC-3 in Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders? (Part 18) Control AC-3: ASWebAuthenticationSession did not seem to support opening a different application like Passport and then returning to the same ASWebAuthenticationSession instance once the other application closes. This issue was resolved by configuring AppAuth to use Safari instead of ASWebAuthenticationSession. ## 4.4 Single Sign-On with the OAuth Authorization Flow When multiple applications invoke a common user-agent to perform the OAuth authorization flow, the user-agent maintains the session state with the AS and IdP. In the build architecture, this can enable SSO in two scenarios. In the first case, assume that a user has launched a mobile application, been redirected to an IdP to authenticate, and completed the OAuth flow to obtain an access token. Later, the user launches a second application that connects to the same AS used by the first application. The application will initiate an authorization request using the same user-agent as the first application. Provided that the user has not logged out at the AS, this request will be sent with the session cookie that was established when the user authenticated in the previous authorization flow. The AS will recognize the user's active session and issue an access token to the second application without requiring the user to authenticate again. In the second case, again assume that the user has completed an OAuth flow, including authentication to an IdP, while launching the first application. Later, the user launches a second application that connects to an AS that is different from the first application. Again, the second application initiates an authorization request using the same user-agent as the first application. The user has no active session with the second AS, so the user-agent is redirected to the IdP to obtain an authentication assertion.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, authorization, token. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control ID-19 in Securing Telehealth Remote Patient Monitoring Ecosystem? (Part 436) Control ID-19: wing information: 7. Click Save. <!-- image --> - a. Name: HDO-Upstream-Gateway - b. Network (Host): - 192.168.4.1 <!-- image --> ## 8. Click OK. <!-- image --> 9. Click Save. 10. Click Deploy. Verify that the static route has been set correctly. From Devices, when selecting the Routing tab, the Static Route will indicate the network routing settings. The screen displays the static route settings in a table format that includes values for Network, Interface, Gateway, Tunneled, and Metric. The static route applies to the IP addressing that has been specified, where network traffic traverses the interface. Note the Gateway value. The Tunneled and Metric values display the default value. <!-- image --> ## Configure Cisco FTD Network Address Translation (NAT) 1. Click Devices > NAT. 2. Click New Policy > Threat Defense NAT. 3. The New Policy pop-up window appears. Fill out the following information: 4. Click Save. <!-- image --> - a. Name: TRPM NAT - b. Selected Devices: - FTD-TRPM <!-- image --> 5. Click the edit symbol for TRPM NAT. 6. Click Add Rule. <!-- image --> <!-- image --> 7. The Edit NAT Rule pop-up window appears. Under Interface Objects, fill out the following information: - d. Destination Interface Objects: WAN 8. Click Translation. 9. Under Translation, fill out the following information: 10. Click OK. - a. - NAT Rule: Auto NAT Rule - b. - Type: Dynamic - c. Source Interface Objects: Enterprise-Services <!-- image --> - a. Original Source: Enterprise-Services - b. Translated Source: - Destination Interface IP <!-- image --> 11. Create additional rules following the same pattern described above, populating the respective information for each rule. Values for each rule are described below: - a. HIS-Services - b. Remote-Services - i. - NAT Rule: Auto NAT Rule - ii. - Type: Dynamic - iii. Source Interface Objects: - HIS-Services - iv. Destination Interface Objects: WAN - v. - Original Source: HIS-Services - vi.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Securing Telehealth Remote Patient Monitoring Ecosystem.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control PS-15413 in Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations? (Part 262) Control PS-15413: formation or a system. | | Risk | Likelihood | Enter the likelihood that a specific event or events may occur. Likelihood: Chance of something happening | | Risk | Risk Exposure (Impact x Likelihood) | Enter the risk score by multiplying impact x likelihood. A measure of the extent to which an entity is threatened by a potential circumstance or event and typically a function of: (i) the adverse impacts that would arise if the circumstance or event occurs and (ii) the likelihood of occurrence. | | Risk | Acceptable Level of Risk | Define an acceptable level of risk (risk threshold) per the enterprise's assessment of Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs); system criticality; risk appetite and tolerance; and a risk owner's set strategic goals and objectives. Acceptable Risk: A level of residual risk to the enterprise's operations, assets, or individuals that falls within the risk appetite and risk tolerance statements set by the enterprise. | | Potential Mitigating Strategies and C-SCRM Controls | List the potential mitigating risk strategies and any relevant C-SCRM controls.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control PD-200901022 in Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171? (Part 93) Control PD-200901022: er capabilities or TTPs. | Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact. | • The adversary's efforts are wasted as the assumptions on which the adversary bases attacks are false. • The adversary takes actions based on false information, thus revealing that they have obtained that information. Example: The defender strategically places false information (disinformation) about the cybersecurity investments that it plans to make. As a result, the adversary's malware development is wasted by being focused on countering non-existent cybersecurity protections. Example: The defender uses selectively planted false information (disinformation) and honeynets (misdirection) to cause an adversary to focus its malware at virtual sandboxes while at the same time employing obfuscation to hide the actual resources. | | Preclude (includes expunge, preempt, and negate) Ensure that the threat event does not have an impact. | Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact. | • The adversary's efforts or resources cannot be applied or are wasted.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control PD-5 in Satellite Ground Segment_ Applying the Cybersecurity Framework to Satellite Command and Control? (Part 134) Control PD-5: ay have automated processes in place to enable SOAR capabilities to reduce response time. Organizations should evaluate and revise these processes as a result of the lessons learned from the incident. | [NIST-SP800-53r5] CP-2, IR-4, IR-8 | ## Recover Function The Recover Function develops and implements the appropriate activities to maintain resilience and restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity event. The activities in the Recover Function support timely recovery to normal operations and return the organization back to its proper working state after an incident has occurred. The effectiveness of the Recover Function is dependent upon the implementation of the previous FunctionsIdentify, Protect, Detect, and Respond. The objectives of the Recover Function are as follows: - restore the ground segment's services to a proper working state using a verified recovery procedure so that systems dependent on those services can function properly; - communicate the recovery activities and status of the ground segment services to stakeholders; and - evolve recovery strategies and plans based on lessons learned. The Recover Function within the Cybersecurity Framework defines three Categories, which are summarized in Table 5. Table 5.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Satellite Ground Segment_ Applying the Cybersecurity Framework to Satellite Command and Control.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule_ A Cybersecurity Resource Guide provide? (Section 95) ct an access control method (e.g., identity-based, role- based, or other reasonable and appropriate means of access.) • Decide and document how access to ePHI will be granted for privileged functions. | • Have appropriate authorization and clearance procedures, as specified in Workforce Security (§ 164.308(a)(3)), been performed prior to granting access? • Do the organization's systems have the capacity to set access controls? 55 • Are there documented job descriptions that accurately reflect assigned duties and responsibilities and enforce segregation of duties? 56 • Has the organization documented procedures that specify how authorized personnel will be granted access to ePHI? • Does the organization grant remote access to ePHI? | 53 See Sec. 5.2.1, HIPAA Standard: Facility Access Controls , and Sec. 5.3.1, HIPAA Standard: Access Control. 54 Where the healthcare clearinghouse is a separate legal entity, it is subject to the Security Rule whether or not the larger organization is a covered entity. 55 See Sec. 5.3.1, HIPAA Standard: Access Control. 56 See Sec. 5.1.3, HIPAA Standard: Workforce Security.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, authorization. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule_ A Cybersecurity Resource Guide.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Engineering Trustworthy Secure Systems provide? (Section 170) ered secure. The [need to be tamperproof] is obvious, since if the reference validation mechanism can be tampered with, its validity is destroyed, as is any hope of achieving security through it. The [third] requirement of always invoking the reference validation mechanism simply states that if the reference validation is (or must be) suspended for some group of programs, then those programs must be considered part of the security apparatus and be [tamper-proof and evaluatable]. The [evaluatable] requirement is equally important. It states that because the reference validation mechanism is the security mechanism in the system, it must be possible to ascertain that it works correctly in all cases and is always invoked. If this cannot be achieved, then there is no way to know that the reference validation correctly takes place in all cases, and therefore there is no basis for certifying a system as secure.' -- James P. Anderson The Anderson Report [37] Situational awareness is a foundational security means objective. That is, to achieve other security objectives, situational awareness is necessary and must be accounted for in design. For example: - Mediating access requires situational awareness in cases where rules for granting access involve timing, sequence, state, and other conditions about the system and prior access. - Preventing and limiting loss are informed by comprehensive data and information about system states and conditions ( Anomaly Detection ). Situational awareness requires the ability to accurately detect, capture, record, and analyze the needed characteristics and details of the system's behaviors and actions at a frequency and with the granularity necessary to act and/or inform external entities for subsequent action to be taken. 74 False positives and false negatives are to be avoided to the extent practicable.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Engineering Trustworthy Secure Systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard_ Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard say about 2. Uses of Cryptography? According to Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard_ Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard, 2. Uses of Cryptography: Cryptography can be used to provide three aspects of data security: - (1) Data secrecy. - (2) Data authentication. j - (3) Originator authentication. The first use of cryptography, data secrecy, is relatively well understood, and will be an important use in an EDP environment. Data authentication and originator authentication are less understood, but will be very important uses of cryptography in the future. To understand data authentication, assume that "A" is transmitting data to "B." "B" wants assurance that the data it is receiving is precisely the data which "A" transmitted. Though conventional error control techniques can protect against communications errors, "B" is concerned that someone with a sophisticated "active wiretapping" capability may have deliberately modified the data from "A," and made the appropriate modifications in any associated error control fields. Cryptographicallyimplemented data authentication provides assurance that the data was received as originated. Originator authentication is similar to data authentication. This time "B" requires assurance that it is receiving data from the "real 'A'" and not from an impostor who may have assumed "A's" identity. Again, cryptography can provide the solution. There are an almost unlimited number of ways in which cryptography can be applied. Some applications meet only one or two of the above objectives, and some meet them all.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard_ Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Security and the Data Encryption Standard.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) provide? (Section 35) . Stateful protocol analysis can identify unexpected sequences of commands, such as issuing the same command repeatedly or issuing a command without first issuing a command upon which it is dependent. Another state tracking feature of stateful protocol analysis is that for protocols that perform authentication, the IDPS can keep track of the authenticator used for each session, and record the authenticator used for suspicious activity. This is helpful when investigating an incident. Some IDPSs can also use the authenticator information to define acceptable activity differently for multiple classes of users or specific users. The 'protocol analysis' performed by stateful protocol analysis methods usually includes reasonableness checks for individual commands, such as minimum and maximum lengths for arguments. If a command typically has a username argument, and usernames have a maximum length of 20 characters, then an argument with a length of 1000 characters is suspicious. If the large argument contains binary data, then it is even more suspicious. Stateful protocol analysis methods use protocol models, which are typically based primarily on protocol standards from software vendors and standards bodies (e.g., Internet Engineering Task Force [IETF] Request for Comments [RFC]). The protocol models also typically take into account variances in each protocol's implementation. Many standards are not exhaustively complete in explaining the details of the protocol, which causes variations among implementations. Also, many vendors either violate standards or add proprietary features, some of which may replace features from the standards. For proprietary protocols, complete details about the protocols are often not available, making it difficult for IDPS technologies to perform comprehensive, accurate analysis. As protocols are revised and vendors alter their protocol implementations, IDPS protocol models need to be updated to reflect those changes.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS).


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 2 Reference Platform for Microservices-based Application and Service Mesh according to NIST Attribute-based Access Control for Microservices-based Applications using a Service Mesh According to Attribute-based Access Control for Microservices-based Applications using a Service Mesh, 2 Reference Platform for Microservices-based Application and Service Mesh: The objective of this document is to offer recommendations for the deployment of an authentication and authorization framework for microservices-based applications within a service mesh that provides the infrastructure for various services, including critical security services. A reference platform for hosting microservices-based applications and the service mesh is included to provide clarity and context for concepts and recommendations in real-world application environments. A brief description of these reference platforms is also provided in terms of their overall architecture and salient building blocks.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, authentication, authorization. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Attribute-based Access Control for Microservices-based Applications using a Service Mesh.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information say about Interview? According to Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information, Interview: [SELECT FROM: personnel with acquisition responsibilities; personnel with information security responsibilities; personnel with SCRM responsibilities]

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Policy Machine_ Features, Architecture, and Specification provide? (Section 25) he access matrix. Each access entry in the ACL contains the pair (Si, Ai,j), which specifies the subjects that can access the object, along with each subject's rights or modes of access to the object. ACLs are widely used in present-day operating systems. Similarly, a capability list is associated with each subject and corresponds to a row of the matrix. Each entry in a capability list is the pair (Ai,j, Oj), which specifies the objects the subject can access, along with its access rights to each object. A capability list can thus be thought of as the inverse of an access control list. Capability lists, when bound with the identity of the subject, have use in distributed systems. Figure 1: Access Matrix <!-- image --> A key difference between the capability list and access control list is the subject's ability to identify objects in the latter. With an access control list, a subject can identify any object in the system and attempt access; the access control mechanism can then mediate the access attempt using the object's access list to verify whether the subject is authorized the request mode of access. In a capability system, a subject can identify only those objects for which it holds a capability. Possessing a capability for the object is a requisite for the subject to attempt access to an object, which is then mediated by the reference mediation function. Both the contents of access control and capability lists, as well as the access control mechanism itself, must be protected from compromise to prevent unauthorized subjects from gaining access to an object. Discretionary models form a broad class of access control models. Discretionary in this context means that subjects, which represent users as opposed to administrators, are allowed some freedom to manipulate the authorizations of other subjects to access objects [Hu06].

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, authorization, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Policy Machine_ Features, Architecture, and Specification.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Public Safety Mobile Application Security Requirements Workshop Summary say about Table of Contents? (Part 5) According to Public Safety Mobile Application Security Requirements Workshop Summary, Table of Contents: | APCOKEY ATTRIBUTE REFINEMENT AND ADDITIONS ..............................................................................7 | | 4. | MOBILE APPLICATION VETTING...................................................................................................8 | | 4.1 | EXISTING KEY ATTRIBUTES ...................................................................................................................8 | | 4.2 | BREAKOUT SESSION DISCUSSION SUMMARY ..........................................................................................8 | | 4.3 | NEXT STEPS ......................................................................................................................................9 | | 5.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Public Safety Mobile Application Security Requirements Workshop Summary.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control SA-09(06) in Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations? Control SA-09(06): exclusive control of cryptographic keys is maintained for encrypted material stored or transmied through an external system. POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS AND OBJECTS:

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Guidelines for the Use of PIV Credentials in Facility Access say about 3.4 Skimming? According to Guidelines for the Use of PIV Credentials in Facility Access, 3.4 Skimming: A contactless PIV Card reader with a sensitive antenna can be concealed in a briefcase, and is capable of reading [ISO/IEC 14443] contactless smart cards like the PIV Card at a distance of at least 25 cm, as demonstrated in [SKIMMER]. The range of a skimmer is limited primarily by the requirement for the skimmer to supply power to the PIV Card by inductive coupling. A concealed skimmer could immediately obtain the free-read data from the PIV Card through the contactless interface. [FIPS201] introduced the concept of an optional virtual contact interface (VCI), which allows all data on the PIV Card that is not protected by a PIN to be read once this interface is established. [SP 800-73], Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification , specifies an optional pairing code that can be used to authenticate the card reader to a PIV Card before the card establishes a VCI session. If agencies deploy PIV Cards that support establishing a VCI without requiring the submission of a pairing code, all data on these cards that is not protected by a PIN is vulnerable to skimming. The PIV Card mitigates the risk of skimming by implementing access rules that prevent the release of biometric and other data over the contactless interface when a VCI has not been established, by requiring the use of a pairing code in order to establish a VCI. The risk of skimming can also be mitigated by employing shielding techniques that positively deactivate the PIV Card when not in use. The electromagnetically opaque holder mentioned in Section 2.11 of [FIPS201] is one such technique.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guidelines for the Use of PIV Credentials in Facility Access.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Hybrid Satellite Networks (HSN) provide? (Section 111) .SP.800-150 | | [NIST-SP 800-154] | Scarfone K, Souppaya M(2016) Guide to Data-Centric System Threat Modeling. (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD), NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-154, df | | [NIST-SP-800-160v1r1] | McEvilley M, Oren J, Ross R (2018) Systems Security Engineering: Considerations for a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Engineering of Trustworthy Secure Systems. (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD), NIST Special Publication (SP) 800- 160 Ver. 1 Rev. 1, https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-160v1r1 | | [NIST-SP-800-161] | Bartol N, Boyens J, Fallon M, Holbrook A, Smith A, Winkler K (2022) Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations. (National Institute of Standards and | Technology, Gaithersburg, MD), NIST Special Publication (SP) 800161 Rev. 1, | [NIST-SP-800-175Br1] | Barker E (2020) Guideline for Using Cryptographic Standards in the Federal Government: Cryptographic Mechanisms.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, cybersecurity framework, fips. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Hybrid Satellite Networks (HSN).


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Computer Security Division 2003 Annual Report say about IT SECURITY CHECKLISTS FOR COMMERCIAL IT PRODUCTS? (Part 2) According to Computer Security Division 2003 Annual Report, IT SECURITY CHECKLISTS FOR COMMERCIAL IT PRODUCTS: Federal Government, consortia, and commercial IT product vendors currently developing, or planning to develop, security configuration checklists for IT products were encouraged to attend. Workshop topics addressed included: government and commercial requirements, the NIST checklist template framework, the NIST checklist development process, defining checklist target environments, a vendor session to discuss business case advantages/disadvantages for checklist development, methods and incentives to gain commercial vendor support, ideas and proven methods for producing high quality checklists, and deploying and verifying checklists. One of the next steps for this project is to produce a step-by-step document that would assist regular users and novice system administrators in utilizing the various checklists and guidance for commonly used IT products. We are also undertaking the development of a Windows XP Professional System draft document and accompanying template, similar to the Windows 2000 Professional guidance previously developed by the CSD. We will continue to solicit checklists from vendors, government agencies, academia, and consortia. Contacts: Mr. John Wack (301) 975-3411 john.wack@nist.gov Mr. Murugiah Souppaya (301) 975-4758 murugiah.souppaya@nist.gov

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Computer Security Division 2003 Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Family: Incident Response according to NIST Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer, Family: Incident Response: Description: Establishing an incident handling capability for systems that includes adequate preparation, detection, analysis, containment, recovery, and user response activities; and tracking, documenting, and reporting incidents to appropriate organizational officials and/or authorities.

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified, cui. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)_ NIST Special Publication 800-171, Revision 3. Small Business Primer.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Interagency Report on Strategic U.S. Government Engagement in International Standardization to Achieve U.S. Objectives for Cybersecurity say about Interagency Report on Strategic U.S. Government Engagement in International Standardization to Achieve U.S. Objectives for Cybersecurity? According to Interagency Report on Strategic U.S. Government Engagement in International Standardization to Achieve U.S. Objectives for Cybersecurity, Interagency Report on Strategic U.S. Government Engagement in International Standardization to Achieve U.S. Objectives for Cybersecurity: Prepared by the International Cybersecurity Standardization Working Group of the National Security Council's Cyber Interagency Policy Committee This publication is available free of charge from: http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8074v1 <!-- image --> This page left intentionally blank

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Interagency Report on Strategic U.S. Government Engagement in International Standardization to Achieve U.S. Objectives for Cybersecurity.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Data Confidentiality_ Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Data Breaches say about 2.9.1 Configure Fireye Helix to Collect Logs from Symantec SWG? According to Data Confidentiality_ Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Data Breaches, 2.9.1 Configure Fireye Helix to Collect Logs from Symantec SWG: 1. Navigate to the Symantec dashboard, and login. 2. Navigate to Account Configuration by clicking the gear icon on the left sidebar. 3. Click API Credentials . 4. Click Add . 5. Check the boxes next to Reporting Access Logs , Location Management , Audit Logs , Agent Config Management , and Egress IP . 6. Set an Expiration Date for the credential (1 year recommended). 7. Copy the Username and Password provided, as you will not be able to retrieve these once you create the credential. <!-- image --> <!-- image --> 8. Click Save . 9. On the Helix Dashboard, click Configure > Cloud Connect . <!-- image --> <!-- image --> 10. Click Add Cloud Connection. 11. Click the arrow next to Symantec Web Security Service. 12. Click Install . <!-- image --> <!-- image --> 13. Enter the username and password from the credential created earlier. 14. Click Submit and Verify. 15. Click Back to Home . You will now be able to see events from Symantec SWG in Helix. <!-- image -->

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Data Confidentiality_ Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Data Breaches.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Mobile Device Security_ Corporate-Owned Personally-Enabled (COPE) say about 3.6.1.4 Mobile Application Vetting Service? (Part 1) According to Mobile Device Security_ Corporate-Owned Personally-Enabled (COPE), 3.6.1.4 Mobile Application Vetting Service: 3.6.1.4 Mobile Application Vetting Service Mobile application vetting services use a variety of static, dynamic, and behavioral techniques to determine if an application demonstrates any behaviors that pose a security or privacy risk. The risk may be to a device owner or user, to parties that own data on the device, or to external systems to which the application connects. The set of detected behaviors is often aggregated to generate a singular score that estimates the level of risk (or conversely, trustworthiness) attributed to an application. Clients can often adjust the values associated with given behaviors (e.g., hard-coded cryptographic keys) to tailor the score for their unique risk posture. Those scores may be further aggregated to present a score that represents the overall risk or trustworthiness posed by the set of applications currently installed on a given device. Mobile applications, malicious or benign, have high potential to negatively impact both security and user privacy. A malicious application can contain code intended to exploit vulnerabilities present in potentially any targeted hardware, firmware, or software on the device. Alternatively, or in conjunction with exploit code, a malicious application may misuse any device, personal, or behavioral data to which it has been explicitly or implicitly granted access, such as contacts, clipboard data, or location services. Benign applications may still present vulnerabilities or weaknesses that malicious applications can exploit to gain unauthorized access to its data or functionality. Further, benign applications may place user privacy at risk by collecting more information than is necessary for the application to deliver functionality desired by the user.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Mobile Device Security_ Corporate-Owned Personally-Enabled (COPE).


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Data Field returned in the Response Message according to NIST Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification, Version 2.1 According to Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification, Version 2.1, Data Field returned in the Response Message: If the APDU result indicates success, Le number of bytes will be available to read from the smart card, i.e., the 8-byte challenge.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification, Version 2.1.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Smart Card Technology_ New Methods for Computer Access Control say about 7.3 Expected Changes in the Appearance and Construction of the Smart Card? (Part 2) According to Smart Card Technology_ New Methods for Computer Access Control, 7.3 Expected Changes in the Appearance and Construction of the Smart Card: key pads and LCD displays which are flat and flush with the the card's surface. Future smart cards will probably have on-card power supplies, provided by solar cells, rechargeable batteries, or both. The thicker cards may be equipped with specialized interfaces which allow communication with peripheral IC memory cards, enhanced reader/writer devices, microprinters, personal computers, or other equipment. Figures 13 and 14 summarize some of the features of current smart cards and suggest several possibilities for smart cards of the future.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Smart Card Technology_ New Methods for Computer Access Control.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Blockchain Networks_ Token Design and Management Overview say about 7 Conclusion? (Part 2) According to Blockchain Networks_ Token Design and Management Overview, 7 Conclusion: tainably deliver the necessary team or public efforts across organizational boundaries and to clearly articulate the vision and mission statements, trust assumptions, and supporting governance models. Data and process standardization is needed to provide clarity for building more interoperable protocols, developing supporting regulatory infrastructures for token ownership, and implementing software that handles complex and overwhelming tasks for users. The literature that has emerged on these challenges is rich, and efforts are being made to address them at an increasing pace. By relying on peer-to-peer networks and open standards instead of domain-specific and heterogeneous ecosystems, blockchain-enabled digital assets could bolster the accessibility and interoperability of financial, identity, authentication, and supply chain services. They have the potential to be integrated into third-party applications while maintaining data integrity and user control directly within their devices. This can facilitate online data exchange and transform business-making in partial- or zero-trust environments. Enabling more user-centric data security and privacy models can benefit both users and businesses. With many blockchain projects being explored or developed, organizations should consider what specific needs issuing tokenized representations of existing assets or creating new ones could help meet, who the parties involved are, which desirable features and processes the tokens should implement internally, and how they should be distributed and managed. In some cases, this pushes organizations to rethink their structures and approaches for identifying and managing risks. This includes finding alignments between individual and collective incentives and organizational design principles that allow for new efficiencies and joint opportunities.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, token. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Blockchain Networks_ Token Design and Management Overview.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Recommendation for Key Management_ Part 2 – Best Practices for Key Management Organizations say about (f) Cryptographic Key, Message Interchange, and/or Certificate Formats -? According to Recommendation for Key Management_ Part 2 – Best Practices for Key Management Organizations, (f) Cryptographic Key, Message Interchange, and/or Certificate Formats -: This section is used to state policies specifying conformance to specific standards and/or guidelines regarding 1) key management architectures and/or protocols, 2) key management message formats, 3) certificate formats and/or 4) RKN formats. 98 The Central Oversight Authority, Key Processing facilities, Service Agents, Client Nodes, and Tokens.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: key management, token. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Recommendation for Key Management_ Part 2 – Best Practices for Key Management Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain C. Design Specifications for Vote-Tallying Programs according to NIST Effective Use of Computing Technology in Vote-Tallying According to Effective Use of Computing Technology in Vote-Tallying, C. Design Specifications for Vote-Tallying Programs: The most important quality that a vote-tallying applications program must possess is that it must operate correctly. At first glance, this may appear to be simply stating the obvious, but upon further reflection, it should be understood that it is not exactly a simple matter to state what is meant by correct, and it is extremely difficult to prove that a program does indeed possess this quality. (See example of Redford Township, Chapter IV.) Correctness implies, of course, that correctly marked ballots, in which only valid locations are marked and in which no overvotes are marked, are summed correctly; but it also implies that the program does exactly what the election administration intends it to do with ballots that are not so "well-behaved." The program must ignore marks or holes on ballots in locations which have not been assigned to any offices or issues without affecting marks or holes in assigned locations (if that is what the administration intends) and it must throw out overvotes for offices or issues in which they occur without affecting the program's performance on correctly-voted offices or issues of the same ballot.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Effective Use of Computing Technology in Vote-Tallying.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Guide to Bluetooth Security provide? (Section 94) | | 37 | Designate an individual to track the progress of Bluetooth security products and standards (perhaps via the Bluetooth SIG) and the threats and vulnerabilities with the technology. | An individual designated to track the latest technology enhancements, standards (perhaps via Bluetooth SIG), and risks will help to ensure the continued secure use of Bluetooth. | |  | | The list of controls in Table 4-3 is not intended to be fully comprehensive or authoritative. Rather, it lists those controls that are most directly supported by the Table 4-2 recommendations. 37 https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-53r4 Table 4-3.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide to Bluetooth Security.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171 provide? (Section 91) use system capabilities to maximize the ability of an organization to detect successful system compromises by an adversary and to limit the effects of such compromises (both detected and undetected). | | defense-in-depth | Information security strategy integrating people, technology, and operations capabilities to establish variable barriers across multiple layers and missions of the organization. | | designing for cyber resiliency and survivability | Designing systems, missions, and business functions to provide the capability to prepare for, withstand, recover from, and adapt to compromises of cyber resources in order to maximize mission or business operations. | | discussion | Statements used to provide additional explanatory information for security controls or security control enhancements. | | disinformation | The process of providing deliberately deceptive information to adversaries to mislead or confuse them regarding the security posture of the system or organization or the state of cyber preparedness. | | dual authorization [CNSSI 4009, Adapted] | The system of storage and handling designed to prohibit individual access to certain resources by requiring the presence and actions of at least two authorized persons, each capable of detecting incorrect or unauthorized security procedures with respect to the task being performed. | | enhanced security requirements | Security requirements that are to be implemented in addition to the basic and derived security requirements in NIST Special Publication 800-171. The additional security requirements provide the foundation for a defense-in-depth protection strategy that includes three mutually supportive and reinforcing components: (1) penetration-resistant architecture, (2) damage- limiting operations, and (3) designing for cyber resiliency and survivability .

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information_ A Supplement to NIST Special Publication 800-171.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations provide? (Section 98) rol not satisfied). However, the failure of a single control or, in some cases, the failure of multiple controls may not affect the overall security and privacy capability required by an organization. This is not to say that such controls do not contribute to the security or privacy of the system and/or organization (as defined by the security requirements and privacy requirements during the initiation phase of the system development life cycle) but rather that such controls may not support the particular security or privacy capability. Furthermore, every implemented security and privacy control may not necessarily support or need to support an organization-defined capability. When organizations employ the concept of capabilities, automated and manual assessments account for all security and privacy controls that comprise the security and privacy capabilities. Assessors are aware of how the controls work together to provide such capabilities. In this way, 48 A security capability or privacy capability is a combination of mutually reinforcing security controls or privacy controls (i.e., safeguards and countermeasures) implemented by technical means (i.e., functionality in hardware, software, and firmware), physical means (i.e., physical devices and protective measures), and procedural means (i.e., procedures performed by individuals). CHAPTER THREE PAGE 34 T h s i p u b l i c a t i o n i s a v a i l l a b e f r e e o f c h a r g e f r o m : h t t p s : / / d o i . o r g / 1 0 . 6 0 2 8 / N S T S P . 8 0 0 - 5 3 A r 5 I . NIST SP 800-53A REV. 5 ASSESSING SECURITY AND PRIVACY CONTROLS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONS _________________________________________________________________________________________________ when assessments identify a failure in a capability, a root cause analysis can be conducted to determine the specific control or controls that are responsible for the failure based on the established relationships among controls.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Guide to Computer Security Log Management provide? (Section 46) ontinuous supply of log data. Log generation and storage is complicated mainly by a high number of log sources, inconsistent log formats among sources, and a large volume of log data on a daily basis. Log management also involves protecting logs from breaches of their confidentiality and integrity, as well as supporting their availability. Another problem with log management is having network and system administrators perform regular, efficient, and effective analysis of log data. Key practices recommended to meet the main challenges in log management are as follows: - GLYPH<c=31,font=/APONEK+Webdings> Prioritize log management appropriately throughout the organization - GLYPH<c=31,font=/APONEK+Webdings> Establish policies and procedures for log management - GLYPH<c=31,font=/APONEK+Webdings> Create and maintain a secure log management infrastructure - GLYPH<c=31,font=/APONEK+Webdings> Provide proper training for all staff with log management responsibilities. A log management infrastructure consists of the hardware, software, networks, and media used to generate, transmit, store, analyze, and dispose of log data. 20 Most organizations have one or more log management infrastructures. 21 This section describes the typical architecture of a log management infrastructure and how its components interact with each other. It then describes the basic functions performed within a log management infrastructure. Next, it examines the two major categories of log management software: syslog-based centralized logging software and security information and event management software. The section also describes additional types of software that may be useful within a log management infrastructure. A log management infrastructure typically comprises the following three tiers: - GLYPH<c=31,font=/APONEK+Webdings> Log Generation. The first tier contains the hosts that generate the log data.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide to Computer Security Log Management.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control AC-3 in Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders? (Part 174) Control AC-3: n. For SAML, projects like SimpleSAMLphp (https://simplesamlphp.org/) provide an implementation that is easy to deploy. It is also possible to perform this testing without installing additional tools. One method for SAML is to use Chrome Remote Debugging for Android devices: https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/remote-debugging/. By logging the authentication flow in the Network pane of Chrome's developer tools, the SAML response can be extracted and viewed. The authentication flow with the SAML IdP configured in this practice guide consists of a series of calls to the SSO.ping URL at the IdP. Because the SAML POST binding is used, the final SSO.ping response includes an HTML form that submits the SAML response back to the AS.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, single sign-on, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Mobile Application Single Sign-On_ Improving Authentication for Public Safety First Responders.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is This publication is available free of charge from according to Incident Response Recommendations and Considerations for Cybersecurity Risk Management_ A CSF 2.0 Community Profile? This publication is available free of charge from:

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: csf, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Incident Response Recommendations and Considerations for Cybersecurity Risk Management_ A CSF 2.0 Community Profile.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Measurement Guide for Information Security_ Volume 1 — Identifying and Selecting Measures say about 4.3.2. Weighing Scale? According to Measurement Guide for Information Security_ Volume 1 — Identifying and Selecting Measures, 4.3.2. Weighing Scale: Information gained from modeling likelihood and impact can be combined with knowledge about organizational goals and existing controls to create a customized weighing scale to prioritize potential measures. Using a weighing scale with set parameters ensures consistency when prioritizing and selecting measures, even those that are unrelated to information security. Measures that are ultimately selected are useful for: - Identifying causes of unsatisfactory performance - Pinpointing areas for improvement - Facilitating consistent policy implementation - Redefining goals and objectives - Modifying security policies

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Measurement Guide for Information Security_ Volume 1 — Identifying and Selecting Measures.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Report of the NSF_NIST Workshop on NSFNET_NREN Security, July 6-7, 1992 provide? (Section 95) development. The DES technology is exportable if it used only for authentication purposes and not for general data encryption; on the other hand, keys have to be stored in the clear at the end hosts. - -Public key encryption for C/R avoids the problem of storage of clear text keys at hosts. It was also felt that public key systems will scale better and over time may be preferred in many (but not all) contexts. Steve Kent recommended that, as part of the follow-on activities, we plan to track the work by the Internet Engineering Task Force as it provides an ability to interoperate between symmetric and public key systems. The PEM technology will be available soon. The use of PEM is recommended, initially with its current suite of algorithms. Later, the use of the proposed NIST suite of algorithms should be explored, including a rationalization of the problems (hash, signature, confidentiality algorithms) of interoperability and management of multiple algorithm suites (i.e. it has to work everywhere). PEM should be immediately employed by FIRST individuals and CERT for internal communication and for distribution of such things as security alerts and fixes. The concept of a security perimeter incorporates the ideas of router and gateway filtering - access control by protocol and by source/destination. There was some concern expressed about the utility of this mechanism since addresses can be forged, the functionality may be unduly limited, and the management of port access on a fine-grained basis may be difficult. While acknowledging limitations, there was substantial support for including security perimeters in the list of recommendations. The use of filters at this level helps to reduce the size of the problem.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, authentication. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Report of the NSF_NIST Workshop on NSFNET_NREN Security, July 6-7, 1992.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain View all NIST CSF 2.0 Resources Here according to NIST NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0_ Small Business Quick-Start Guide According to NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0_ Small Business Quick-Start Guide, View all NIST CSF 2.0 Resources Here: <!-- image --> | Contact | Phone | |--------------------|---------| | Business Leader: | | | Technical Contact: | | | State Police: | | | Legal: | | | Bank: | | | Insurance: | |

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, csf, fips. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0_ Small Business Quick-Start Guide.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) say about 6. What is a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)? When do I need to conduct a PIA?? (Part 2) According to Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), 6. What is a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)? When do I need to conduct a PIA?: The Memorandum provided examples of system changes that create new privacy risks and trigger the requirement for a new PIA: -  Conversions -when paper-based records are to be converted to electronic systems -  De-Identified to Identifiable -when functions applied to an existing information collection change de-identified information into information in identifiable form -  Significant System Management Changes -when new uses of an existing information system, including application of new technologies, significantly change how information in identifiable form is managed in the system -  Significant Merging -when agencies adopt or alter business processes so that government databases holding information in identifiable form are merged, centralized, matched with other databases, or otherwise significantly manipulated -  New Public Access -when user-authenticating technology (e.g., password, digital certificate, biometric) is newly applied to an information system accessed by members of the public -  Commercial Sources -when agencies systematically incorporate into existing information systems databases of information in identifiable form purchased or obtained from commercial or public sources -  New Interagency Uses -when agencies work together on shared functions involving significant new uses or exchanges of information in identifiable form, such as the cross-cutting EGovernment initiatives -  Internal

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information (PII).


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control AM-1 in Situational Awareness for Electric Utilities? (Part 198) Control AM-1: ecial Operations, then click Push SAC Database. The Scheduling Push SAC Database dialogue box will appear. 1. Description Box 2. OK Button 3. Cancel Button 4. Repetition Lists 5. Start Time Options 6. Start Time Box Figure 2-64 Scheduling Push SAC Database <!-- image --> - Optional: Under Description, type a description for the operation. Include details such as the affected target, the purpose of the operation, etc. This description will appear in the list of scheduled operations. - Under Repetition, select the interval and value (if applicable). - Under Start Time (On Server), select Now or Specific Time. - Click OK to save changes. The operation will commence at the selected time. ## 2.14.2.15 Managing Devices and Gateways - Access the RUGGEDCOM CROSSBOW client workstation, launch CROSSBOW Client, and log in as a user with the necessary administrative privileges. - On the Field Layout tab, right-click the desired facility or gateway, and click Add Device, Add Gateway, or Add Subordinate Gateway (gateways only). The Device Properties or Gateway Properties dialogue box will appear. - Configure the identification properties (e.g., name, description) for the device/gateway. - Configure the connection properties (e.g., host name, user names, passwords) for the device/gateway. - Configure the interfaces available for the device/gateway. - Enable or disable the applications available for the device/gateway. - Configure the NERC CIP properties for the device/gateway. - Configure any advanced parameters associated with the device/gateway. - Click OK to save changes. ## 2.14.2.16 Connecting to a Device/Gateway - Access the RUGGEDCOM CROSSBOW client workstation, launch CROSSBOW Client, and log in as a user with the necessary administrative privileges. - If connecting to the device/gateway via a Station Access Controller, make sure to enter the host name and port number for the SAC during the login process.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Situational Awareness for Electric Utilities.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 2. Describe Contingency Operations according to NIST Domestic Disaster Recovery Plan for PCs, OIS, and Small VS systems According to Domestic Disaster Recovery Plan for PCs, OIS, and Small VS systems, 2. Describe Contingency Operations: (Briefly describe how operations were returned to normal conditions. Include approximate time to recover.) Name of Reporter: i " Ctrl'-'. ' '?0i .*) %'a'/J K***<ii"''M ti'f ' d ":

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Domestic Disaster Recovery Plan for PCs, OIS, and Small VS systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Keywords according to NIST Representation of PIV Chain-of-Trust for Import and Export According to Representation of PIV Chain-of-Trust for Import and Export, Keywords: enrollment record; Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 201; HSPD-12; identification; identity infrastructure; Personal Identity Verification (PIV); PIV Architecture; PIV Card; PIV chain-of-trust; XML information sharing

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Representation of PIV Chain-of-Trust for Import and Export.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings say about 3.3 The Challenges to the RP? (Part 2) According to 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings, 3.3 The Challenges to the RP: ntactic parsing and checking of validity period are usually straightforward operations. All other steps in the certificate processing more or less have problems related to scaling, i.e. handling of certificates from a high number of CAs. Management of information about CAs and their services (trustworthiness, quality of certificates, liability, possibility of enforcing liability, and trusted copy of public key) gets increasingly difficult with the number of CAs. The liability situation can in general only be safely assessed through agreements, but it would be difficult for an RP to have explicit agreements with all relevant CAs. A consortium of RPs, e.g. in an industry sector, may be able to find approaches to diminish the problem. The X.509v3 standard [16] defines syntax of certificates, but leaves many options, and only partly defines semantics of fields, attributes and extensions. Even though recommended profiles for X.509 certificates exist, certificates from different CAs often differ in content. This particularly applies to naming of subjects. An RP must either be able to use (parts of) names in a certificate directly for identification, or a name in a certificate must be reliably translated to a derived name that is useful to the RP. The security/quality of the translation process must preserve the quality of the certificate, i.e. the confidence in the derived name must be as if the derived name had been included in the certificate.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control UI-64 in Guidelines for the Secure Deployment of IPv6? (Part 65) Control UI-64: ns can obtain IPv6 addresses allocations globally through several regional registry services. ## 3.2.1 IPv6 Address Assignments IPv6 network prefix assignment is the first step in network deployment. Understanding several methods such as leftmost, rightmost, and centermost helps provide for flexibility and efficient aggregation of an assigned IPv6 block, as described in RFC 3531, A Flexible Method for Managing the Assignment of Bits of an IPv6 Address Block . If done without foresight, boundaries between sub-allocations become difficult to move, and future increases in the use of address space cannot be kept contiguous. The easiest but least flexible solution is to make block address assignment in order from the beginning of the organization's allocated IPv6 block. For example, if an organization is assigned the prefix 2001:0db8:9095::/48, prefixes can be distributed in simple sequential order: 2001:0db8:9095:0001::/64 2001:0db8:9095:0002::/64 2001:0db8:9095:0003::/64 This is the simplest way to distribute address assignments, but it lacks consideration for future needs and does not take into account grouping networks by site for clean routing aggregation. Additionally, this method makes it impossible to make an existing network assignment larger and keep its address space contiguous. RFC 3531 proposes a method to manage the assignment of bits of an IPv6 address block or range. First, the scheme defines parts of the IP address as p1, p2, p3, ….pN in order, so that an IP address is composed of these parts contiguously. Boundaries between each part are based on the prefix assigned by the next level authority. Part (p1) is the leftmost part probably assigned to a registry, Part (p2) can be allocated to a large ISP or national registry. Part (p3) can be allocated to a large customer or a smaller provider, etc. Each part can be of different length. <!-- image --> | p1 | p2 | p3 | p4 | ….

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guidelines for the Secure Deployment of IPv6.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is Recommended Confidentiality Impact Level according to Guide for Mapping Types of Information and Information Systems to Security Categories_ Appendices? Recommended Confidentiality Impact Level: The provisional confidentiality impact level recommended for most postal services information is low .

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide for Mapping Types of Information and Information Systems to Security Categories_ Appendices.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Information Security Handbook_ A Guide for Managers say about 2.2.1 Information Security Strategic Planning? (Part 1) According to Information Security Handbook_ A Guide for Managers, 2.2.1 Information Security Strategic Planning: 2.2.1 Information Security Strategic Planning 'Strategic plans, annual performance plans, and annual program performance reports are the main elements of GPRA. Together these elements create a recurring cycle of reporting, planning, and execution.' 5 GPRA requires federal agencies to develop and submit to OMB and Congress a 'strategic plan for program activities' and 'prepare an annual performance plan covering each program activity set forth in the budget of such agency.' 6 Agencies are required to refresh their strategic plans within three years of submitting th previous strategic plans, while submitting performance plans is required annually. eir Agencies should integrate information security into the agency strategic planning processes by establishing and documenting information security strategies that directly support agency strategic and performance planning activities. The organization's information security strategy should establish a comprehensive framework to enable the development, institutionalization, assessment, and improvement of the agency's information security program. The information security strategy should support the overall agency strategic and performance plans and IT strategic plan (if applicable) with its content clearly traceable to these higher-level sources. Each agency should define the following for its information security program: 5 OMB, 'Office of Management and Budget Circular A-130 Appendix III,' 1996. 6 OMB, Section 306, 'Government Performance and Results Act' (GPRA), 1993.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Information Security Handbook_ A Guide for Managers.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings say about Foreward? (Part 2) According to 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings, Foreward: t level may be one reason that DNSSEC deployment has been slow. A panel on Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM), which leverages the DNS for key distribution, was held on the second day of the workshop. DKIM would seem to provide the incentive for attacking the DNS, so perhaps DNSSEC deployment will become a more urgent requirement. Phillip Hallam-Baker's presentation on the DKIM panel, 'Achieving Email Security Luxury' proposed leveraging DKIM, XKMS, and the PKIX logotype extension to create a comprehensive and compelling solution for securing applications and the infrastructure. Another theme of the workshop was the convergence of PKI and other technologies. Jeffrey Altman's presentation highlighted progress in the convergence of PKI and Kerberos. A decade's efforts have produced PK-INIT, PK-CROSS, and PK-APP, forming a comprehensive suite of standards. PK-INIT and PK-APP allow users to leverage PKI certificates to obtain Kerberos credentials, and vice versa. PK-CROSS supports the establishment of Kerberos cross realm relationships with PKI credentials. The 'Identity Federation and Attribute-based Authorization through the Globus Toolkit, Shibboleth, GridShib, and MyProxy' presentation described the integration of the Grid PKIs, Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), Kerberos, and one time passwords to support authorization decisions for Grid computing. Identifying and resolving revocation issues continues to be a topic of critical interest. This year's workshop featured two presentations at very different levels of abstraction. Kelvin Yiu's invited talk focused on challenges that had to be faced and compromises required to make revocation usable for consumers in the forthcoming Vista operating system. Santosh Chokhani explored some of the more arcane nuances of the X.509 standard, and their implications for real PKI deployments.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authorization, pki. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: 5th Annual PKI R&D Workshop _Making PKI Easy to Use_ Proceedings.