You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control HA-2 in Computer Security Division 2004 Annual Report? (Part 17) Control HA-2: tity Verification (PIV) for Federal Employees and Contractors . FIPS 201 will be signed by the Secretary of Commerce by February 25, 2005, in order to comply with the deadlines set out in HSPD-12. This standard will define the technical requirements for an identity credential that will be: - Issued based on sound criteria for verifying an individual employee's identity - Resistant to identity fraud, tampering, counterfeiting and terrorist exploitation - Rapidly authenticated electronically - Issued only by providers whose reliability has been established by an official accreditation process - Applicable to all government organizations and contractors - Used to grant access to Federally-controlled facilities and information systems - Flexible enough for agencies to select the appropriate security level for each application by providing graduated criteria from least secure to most secure - Not applicable to identification associated with national security systems - Implemented in a manner that protects citizens' privacy The FIPS 201 standard will establish requirements for the following processes and the supporting infrastructure: - Identity Token (ID card) Application by Person - this establishes the requirements for an application for the standardized identification. - Identity Source Document Request by Organization - every Federal organization is different but its security needs can be grouped into one of four assurance levels. Depending on which assurance level is needed, a given agency will require specific forms of documentation in order to verify the identity of the potential grantee of the ID Card. - Identity Registration and ID Card Issuance by Issuer - after a person's legal identity has been authenticated that person needs to be registered with the PIV system and that person's card needs to be issued. The PIV standard provides specifications for this process.

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: secret, national security. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Computer Security Division 2004 Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Satellite Ground Segment_ Applying the Cybersecurity Framework to Satellite Command and Control provide? (Section 173) | https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) (2013) Presidential Policy Directive - Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience. (The White House, Washington, DC). Available at office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure- security-and-resil | | [RB-2012] | Rodriguez Bejarano JM, Yun A, De La Cuesta B (2012) 'Security in IP satellite networks: COMSEC and TRANSEC integration aspects.' 2012 6th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference (ASMS) and 12th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (SPSC), pp. 281- 288. Available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6333089 | Satellite Ground Segment: Applying the CSF to Satellite Command and Control | [RTCA-DO-235] | Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (2008) RTCA DO-235A Assessment of Radio Frequency Interference Relevant to the GNSS L1 Frequency Band . (RTCA, Washington, DC). Available at | |----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | [Space-ISAC] [SPD-5] | https://s-isac.org/ Space Policy Directive 5 (SPD-5) (2020) Memorandum on Space Policy Directive-5-Cybersecurity Principles for Space Systems. (The White House, Washington, DC), September 4, 2020.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, csf, fips. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Satellite Ground Segment_ Applying the Cybersecurity Framework to Satellite Command and Control.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does A Study of OSI Key Management say about B1.2 SECURITY REGISTER MODULES? According to A Study of OSI Key Management, B1.2 SECURITY REGISTER MODULES: ``` SecurityRegister {iso organisation security(I) modules(I) securityRegisier(I)} DEHNinONS ::= BEGIN EXPORTS keyExchMethods, integrityAlgs, confidentialityAlgs, securityLevels, securityLabels, signatureAlgs, rekeyingMethods; - Dummy definition. IMPORTS security FROM Register {iso organisation security(1) modules(l)}; keyExchMethods integrityAlgs confidentialityAlgs securityLevels securityLabels signatureAlgs rekeyingMethods OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER OBJECT IDENTIFIER = {security 1} = (security 2} = (security 3} = (security 4} = ( security 5 = (security 6} = ( security 7 ``` END - of SecurityRegister

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: A Study of OSI Key Management.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control HA-224 in Secure Hash Standard (SHS)? (Part 6) Control HA-224: | | | | | | FUNCTIONS AND CONSTANTS...................................................................................................................10 | FUNCTIONS AND CONSTANTS...................................................................................................................10 | | | | 4.1 | 4.1 | | | | FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................................................................10 | FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................................................................10 | | | | 4.1.1 | SHA-1 Functions ................................................................................................................10 | | | | 4.1.2 | SHA-224 and SHA-256 Functions......................................................................................10 | | | | 4.1.3 | SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 Functions.......................................11 | | | | 4.2 | CONSTANTS .....................................................................................................................................11 | | | | 4.2.1 | SHA-1 Constants ................................................................................................................11 | | | | 4.2.2 | SHA-224 and SHA-256 Constants......................................................................................11 | | | | 4.2.3 | SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 Constants.......................................12 | | | 5.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Secure Hash Standard (SHS).


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 謝辞 according to NIST Application Container Security Guide According to Application Container Security Guide, 謝辞: 著者は、本文書のドラフト版をレビューし、策定中に技術的な内容に貢献してくれた同僚、特に Intel Corporation の Raghuram Yeluri 氏、 Cisco Systems, Inc. の Paul Cichonski 氏、 NIST の Michael Bartock 氏と Jeffrey Cichonski 氏、 Edward Siewick 氏に感謝の意を表する。また、 Docker 、 Motorola Solutions 、 StackRox 、米国移民局（ USCIS ） 、米 国陸軍など、パブリックコメント期間中にフィードバックを提供してくれた組織にも感謝を表する。

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Application Container Security Guide.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Report of the NSF_NIST Workshop on NSFNET_NREN Security, July 6-7, 1992 say about Recommendations on Configuration Control? According to Report of the NSF_NIST Workshop on NSFNET_NREN Security, July 6-7, 1992, Recommendations on Configuration Control: Configuration control/management consists of a potpourri of activities, some of which may be system specific. In addition to general password management and file protection, it might include such activities as initializing newly installed systems by immediately setting a root password, checking for proper settings of file access to various system files, closing off some functions like ftp or rlogin, closing down some logical ports, closing known security holes, etc. This area was considered to be of high importance to overall security. Without it, as previously noted, it may be impossible to accomplish many of the other things. Automatic aids are available in support packages such as COPS and Security Profile Inspector (SPI) and their use is strongly recommended. Based on security configuration specifications, the latter package goes through a check of the system and constructs scripts that can be used as produced or can be modified to make the necessary configuration changes. These tools should be used by principal investigators and system administrators.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Report of the NSF_NIST Workshop on NSFNET_NREN Security, July 6-7, 1992.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Conformance Test Architecture and Test Suite for ANSI_NIST-ITL 1-2007 say about Record-Level Requirements and Assertions? (Part 152) According to Conformance Test Architecture and Test Suite for ANSI_NIST-ITL 1-2007, Record-Level Requirements and Assertions: Otherwise, it | 2 | M | 14.010-JPEGB- JPEGL-VPS | IF {14.008} EQ '1' OR '2', THEN IF Present(JFIF Header) THEN {14.010} EQ {Vertical Density} | 3 | | | | indicates the vertical component of the | 2 | M | 14.010-JP2-JP2L- VPS | No Implementation | 4 | | | | pixel aspect ratio.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Conformance Test Architecture and Test Suite for ANSI_NIST-ITL 1-2007.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems say about Appendix B: Glossary of Terms? (Part 12) According to A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems, Appendix B: Glossary of Terms: eceives and transmits data packets or establishes logical connections among a diverse set of communicating entities (usually supports both hardwired and wireless communication devices simultaneously). | |-----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Scalability | The ability of a system to handle a growing amount of work in a capable manner or its ability to be enlarged to accommodate that growth. | | Scheme | An unambiguous specification of a set of transformations that is capable of providing a (cryptographic) service when properly implemented and maintained. A scheme is a higher-level construct than a primitive and a lower level construct than a protocol. | | Sector | A group of organizations (e.g., Federal agencies, private organizations, international consortia) that have common goals, standards, and requirements for a product, system, or service. | | Security Domain | A collection of entities, including their CKMS, in which each CKMS operates under the same security policy - known as the Domain Security Policy. | | Security Policy | The rules and requirements established by an organization that governs the acceptable use of its information and services, and the level and means for protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information. | | Security Strength | A number associated with the amount of work (that is, the base 2 logarithm of the minimum number of operations) that is required to cryptanalyze a cryptographic algorithm or system. | | Semantics | The intended meaning of acceptable sentences of a language.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: key management, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile Low Impact Level Example Implementations Guide_ Volume 2 – Process-based Manufacturing System Use Case say about Data? According to Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile Low Impact Level Example Implementations Guide_ Volume 2 – Process-based Manufacturing System Use Case, Data: 1. Access to sensitive data must be authorized by the Director of Operations. 2. Data must not be shared informally. When access to sensitive information is required, personnel can request access from the Director of Operations and should take all necessary steps to prevent unauthorized access. 3. The Director of Operations must immediately be notified in the event a device is lost containing sensitive data (e.g. mobiles, laptops, USB devices). 4. Encrypted portable media or secure protocols must be used while transporting or transferring sensitive company data. 5. Extra precautions must be taken by remotely-operating employees to ensure sensitive data is appropriately protected. 6. Physical copies of data should be stored in a secure location when not in use. 7. Personnel should ensure physical copies of sensitive data are not left unattended (e.g., on a printer or a desk). 8. Physical copies of sensitive data should be shredded or disposed in a secure manner when no longer required. Data types considered sensitive, proprietary, or containing trade secrets | Description | Digital Files | Physical Copies | Databases | |-------------------------------------|-----------------|-------------------|-------------| | PLC program code | ✓ | | | | Chemical formulas | ✓ | ✓ | | | Quality Assurance Procedures | ✓ | ✓ | | | Operating manuals and documentation | ✓ | ✓ | | | Electrical diagrams | ✓ | ✓ | | | Network diagrams | ✓ | ✓ | | | Historical production data | ✓ | | ✓ |

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile Low Impact Level Example Implementations Guide_ Volume 2 – Process-based Manufacturing System Use Case.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control IP-002 in Guidelines for Smart Grid Cybersecurity? (Part 143) Control IP-002: information system component needs to be documented, listing the date, time, reason for removal, estimated date of reinstallation, and name personnel removing components. Requirement Enhancements 1. The organization maintains maintenance records for the smart grid information system that include: a. The date and time of maintenance; b. Name of the individual performing the maintenance; c. Name of escort, if necessary; d. A description of the maintenance performed; and e. A list of equipment removed or replaced (including identification numbers, if applicable). Additional Considerations A1. The organization employs automated mechanisms to schedule and document maintenance and repairs as required, producing up-to-date, accurate, complete, and available records of all maintenance and repair actions needed, in process, and completed. Impact Level Allocation Low: SG.MA-3 Moderate: SG.MA-3 High: SG.MA-3 (1) SG.MA-4 Maintenance Tools Category: Common Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) Requirements Requirement The organization approves and monitors the use of smart grid information system maintenance tools. Supplemental Guidance The requirement addresses security-related issues when the hardware, firmware, and software are brought into the smart grid information system for diagnostic and repair actions. Requirement Enhancements None. Additional Considerations A1. A2. The organization requires approval from a management authority explicitly authorizing removal of equipment from the facility; The organization inspects all maintenance tools carried into a facility by maintenance personnel for obvious improper modifications; 155 A3. A4. The organization checks all media containing diagnostic and test programs for malicious code before the media are used in the smart grid information system; and The organization employs automated mechanisms to restrict the use of maintenance tools to authorized personnel only.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cybersecurity.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Test according to NIST Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information According to Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information, Test: [SELECT FROM: mechanisms for implementing system auditing of auditable events; system audit capability]

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Computer Security Division 2013 Annual Report provide? (Section 72) es gained a greater understanding of the Risk Management Framework (RMF) and its practical application. Dr. Ron Ross discussed SP 800-53 Revision 4 and the fundamentals of continuous monitoring. Two afternoon panels discussed case studies regarding RMF and 'ongoing authorization.' The Forum plays a valuable role in helping NIST and other federal agencies to develop and maintain a strong, proactive stance in the identification and resolution of new strategic and tactical IT security issues as they emerge. The number of members on the email list has grown steadily and provides a valuable resource for federal security program managers. To join, email your name, affiliation, address, phone number, title, and confirmation that you are a federal employee to sec-forum@nist.gov. Mr. Kevin Stine Chair (301) 975-4483 kevin.stine@nist.gov <!-- image --> Ms. Peggy Himes Administration (301) 975-2489 peggy.himes@nist.gov The Federal Information Systems Security Educators' Association (FISSEA), founded in 1987, is an organization run by and for information systems security professionals to assist federal agencies in meeting their information systems security awareness, training, and education responsibilities. FISSEA strives to elevate the general level of information systems security knowledge for the Federal Government and the federal workforce. It also seeks to assist the professional development of its members. FISSEA membership is open to information systems security professionals, professional trainers and educators, and managers responsible for information systems security training programs in federal agencies, as well as contractors of these agencies and faculty members of accredited educational institutions who are involved in information security training and education.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authorization, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Computer Security Division 2013 Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Multifactor Authentication for E-Commerce_ Risk-Based, FIDO Universal Second Factor Implementations for Purchasers say about CHALLENGE? According to Multifactor Authentication for E-Commerce_ Risk-Based, FIDO Universal Second Factor Implementations for Purchasers, CHALLENGE: Smart chip credit cards and terminals work together to protect in-store payments. The in-store security advances were introduced in 2015, and those have pushed malicious actors who possess stolen credit card data to perform payment card fraud online. This guide describes implementing stronger userauthentication techniques to reduce the risk of e-commerce fraud. The guide documents a system in which risk determines when to trigger MFA challenges to existing customers.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, mfa. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Multifactor Authentication for E-Commerce_ Risk-Based, FIDO Universal Second Factor Implementations for Purchasers.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators provide? (Section 99) in Section 9.1: The instantiation of Hash\_DRBG requires a call to the Instantiate\_function specified in Section 9.1. Process step 9 of that function calls the instantiate algorithm in this section. The values of highest\_supported\_security\_strength and min\_length are provided in Table 2 of Section 10.1. The contents of the internal state are provided in Section 10.1.1.1. The instantiate algorithm: Let Hash\_df be the hash derivation function specified in Section 10.3.1 using the selected hash function. The output block length ( outlen ), seed length ( seedlen ) and appropriate security\_strengths for the implemented hash function are provided in Table 2 of Section 10.1. The following process or its equivalent shall be used as the instantiate algorithm for this DRBG mechanism (see step 9 of the instantiate process in Section 9.1). Hash\_DRBG\_Instantiate\_algorithm ( entropy\_input, nonce, personalization\_string, security\_strength ): 1. entropy\_input : The string of bits obtained from the randomness source. 2. nonce : A string of bits as specified in Section 8.6.7. 3. personalization\_string : The personalization string received from the consuming application. Note that the length of the personalization\_string may be zero. 4. security\_strength : The security strength for the instantiation. This parameter is optional for Hash\_DRBG , since it is not used. 1. initial \_ working\_state : The initial values for V , C , and reseed\_counter (see Section 10.1.1.1). 1. seed\_material = entropy\_input || nonce || personalization\_string . 2. seed = Hash\_df ( seed\_material , seedlen ). 3. V = seed . 4. C = Hash\_df ((0x00 || V ), seedlen ). Comment: Precede V with a byte of zeros. 5. reseed\_counter = 1. 6. Return ( V , C , reseed\_counter ). Notes for the reseed function specified in Section 9.2: The reseeding of a Hash\_DRBG instantiation requires a call to the Reseed\_function specified in Section 9.2.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Managing Information Security Risk_ Organization, Mission, and Information System View provide? (Section 126) n establishing such connections. Organizations may also determine that implementing effective safeguards and countermeasures (e.g., cross-domain solutions) is not practical in the given circumstances. Thus, the organizations decide to avoid the risk by eliminating the electronic or networked connections and employing an 'air gap' with a manual connection processes (e.g., data transfers by secondary storage devices). Risk mitigation, or risk reduction, is the appropriate risk response for that portion of risk that cannot be accepted, avoided, shared, or transferred. The alternatives to mitigate risk depend on: (i) the risk management tier and the scope \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of risk response decisions assigned or delegated to organizational officials at that tier (defined by the organizational governance structures); and (ii) the organizational risk management strategy and associated risk response strategies. The means used by organizations to mitigate risk can involve a combination of risk response measures across the three tiers. For example, risk mitigation can include common security controls at Tier 1, process re-engineering at Tier 2, and/or new or enhanced management, operational, or technical safeguards or countermeasures (or some combination of all three) at Tier 3. Another example of a potential risk requiring mitigation can be illustrated when adversaries gain access to mobile devices (e.g., laptop computers or personal digital assistants) while users are traveling. Possible risk mitigation measures include, for example, organizational policies prohibiting transport of mobile devices to certain areas of the world or procedures for users to obtain a clean mobile device that is never allowed to connect to the organizational networks.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Managing Information Security Risk_ Organization, Mission, and Information System View.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control SI-06(02) in Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations? Control SI-06(02): SECURITY AND PRIVACY FUNCTION VERIFICATION | AUTOMATION SUPPORT FOR DISTRIBUTED TESTING ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE: Determine if:

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Assessing Security and Privacy Controls in Information Systems and Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Quick Start Guide for Populating Mobile Test Devices say about 6 Text Messages? According to Quick Start Guide for Populating Mobile Test Devices, 6 Text Messages: Populating mobile devices with text messages requires two mobile devices. A sending device, and a target device. Text messages may be categorized as either Short Messages Service (SMS) or Enhanced Message Service (EMS) messages. SMS messages are solely textual based messages containing less than 160 characters. EMS messages are an extension of SMS and support text messages of 160 or more characters. Incoming messages are populated onto the target device by sending the message from a sending device. Outgoing messages are populated by sending a message from the target device to a secondary device. In addition to the text message, document phone numbers, date/time, and the status (i.e., read, unread, deleted). Note: Text messages are categorized with a status of either: Read, Unread, or Deleted. To establish messages with a status of read, open and observe the message on the screen. Messages with a status of Unread are accomplished by not reading/opening the message. Messages with a status of Deleted are accomplished by deleting a specific message after the phone has been entirely populated. Document Text Messages in Appendix B.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Quick Start Guide for Populating Mobile Test Devices.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Introduction to Cybersecurity for Commercial Satellite Operations say about Conclusion? According to Introduction to Cybersecurity for Commercial Satellite Operations, Conclusion: NIST has provided this example to show how an organization could apply the steps of the Cybersecurity Framework to evaluate and address possible security risks. NIST recommends that organizations use the steps that best apply to their threat models, business cases, and risk tolerance. As the industry expands, NIST will continue to support the community through research products.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Introduction to Cybersecurity for Commercial Satellite Operations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Profile of the IoT Core Baseline for Consumer IoT Products provide? (Section 40) for the sector. Safety and privacy considerations are dynamic for consumer IoT products, though, owing to the fact that even in this specific sector, use cases for IoT products may vary significantly. There may be clear safety implications to a product and its operation, but this is not always the case. The same goes for privacy. This is exacerbated by the fact that different use cases may share broad safety and/or privacy considerations, but the specifics on their impacts and/or mitigations can be very different. This all means that the consumer profile's cybersecurity capabilities must broadly support a variety of use cases while taking care to not hinder these areas. 4. Cybersecurity practices of the customers (i.e., home consumers) that would be managing consumer IoT products will vary in definition and maturity. The unpredictable and ad hoc nature of customer risk mitigation for consumer IoT products highlight the need for broadly useful and generally recommended cybersecurity practices be reflected in the profile. 5. Additionally, an important cybersecurity need for this sector is usable cybersecurity capabilities that are implemented to require minimal/efficient customer set-up and interaction for use, since these customers will not have deep knowledge or resources to leverage if capabilities are not usable to them. 6. Finally, specific standards, solutions, implementations, or mitigations should be used as appropriate for an IoT product's functionality and use case. This means no single set of specific requirements can be applicable to all consumer IoT products. Therefore, the consumer profile describes IoT product-level cybersecurity guidelines in terms of outcomes to be achieved and supported by the product as a whole but may not apply to all IoT product components the same way. Some components may not be able, or need, to support all criteria.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Profile of the IoT Core Baseline for Consumer IoT Products.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Engineering Trustworthy Secure Systems say about Table of Contents? (Part 7) According to Engineering Trustworthy Secure Systems, Table of Contents: | ............................................................................................65 | | C.3. | Distinguishing Requirements, Policy, and Mechanisms | ..........................................68 | | Appendix | D. Trustworthy Secure Design....................................................................70 | | | D.1. Design Approach for Trustworthy Systems | D.1. Design Approach for Trustworthy Systems | .............................................................70 | | D.2. | Design Considering Emergence..............................................................................73 | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | D.3.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Engineering Trustworthy Secure Systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 2.4 Common Configuration Enumeration (CCE) according to NIST Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Version 1.2 Validation Program Test Requirements According to Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Version 1.2 Validation Program Test Requirements, 2.4 Common Configuration Enumeration (CCE): Definition: CCE is a format for describing system configuration issues to facilitate correlation of configuration data across multiple information sources and tools. 6 http://nvd.nist.gov 7 Version: 5 Specification: http://cce.mitre.org/ Dictionary:

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Version 1.2 Validation Program Test Requirements.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information say about Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information? According to Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information, Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information: Ron Ross Victoria Pillitteri This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-171Ar3 <!-- image -->


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 3.3.2 Key-Establishment Schemes according to NIST Guideline for Using Cryptographic Standards in the Federal Government_ Cryptographic Mechanisms According to Guideline for Using Cryptographic Standards in the Federal Government_ Cryptographic Mechanisms, 3.3.2 Key-Establishment Schemes: Asymmetric key-establishment schemes are used to set up keys to be used between communicating entities. A scheme is a set of transformations (i.e., cryptographic operations) that provide a cryptographic service -a key-establishment service, in this case; a scheme is used in a protocol that actually performs the communication needed for the key-establishment process. Two classes of asymmetric schemes have been approved that are based on hard mathematical problems: discrete-log-based schemes and integer factorization schemes.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guideline for Using Cryptographic Standards in the Federal Government_ Cryptographic Mechanisms.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments say about Comments on this publication may be submitted to:? According to Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments, Comments on this publication may be submitted to:: National Institute of Standards and Technology Attn: Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory 100 Bureau Drive (Mail Stop 8930) Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8930 Electronic mail: sec-cert@nist.gov \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Securing Distributed Energy Resources_ An Example of Industrial Internet of Things Cybersecurity say about 5 Security Characteristic Analysis? According to Securing Distributed Energy Resources_ An Example of Industrial Internet of Things Cybersecurity, 5 Security Characteristic Analysis: This section discusses the results of a security evaluation of the reference architecture shown in Figure 4-2 and how it supports the Cybersecurity Framework Subcategories that we identified and mapped in Table 3-1. The purpose of the security characteristic analysis is to understand the extent to which the project example solution meets its objective of demonstrating that information exchanges among DERs and electric distribution grid operations can be monitored and protected from certain cybersecurity compromises. In addition, it seeks to understand the security benefits and drawbacks of the example solution.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: cybersecurity framework, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Securing Distributed Energy Resources_ An Example of Industrial Internet of Things Cybersecurity.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Security in ISDN provide? (Section 90) error burst to one in 2^^, for most purposes a negligibly small number. The CRC-32 widely used in LANs, which allow longer packets, increasing the probability of two random errors in the same packet. LAPB is limited to an information field of only 260 bytes, and the CRC-16 is used with both LAPB and LAPD. Figure 26 - DES K-bit Output Feedback (OFB) Mode. <!-- image --> in 2^^ of a 64 bit error burst not being detected by the FCS. The nominal ISDN B channel bit error rate is 10'^. At this rate, with 2,000 bit packets, about 3 packets in 10^ transmitted packets wiU falsely pass the FCS check. Forward error correction could be applied to the ciphertext to single bit errors at the expense of some channel bandwidth. Error correction applied to the plaintext would have to be capable of correcting 64-bit bursts, a formidable requirement. The Output Feedback (OFB), illustrated in figure 26, is similar, except that it is the output of the DES that is fed back rather than the cipher text. Now there effectively are two free running (in the sense of the transmitted cipher text) pseudorandom number generators, whose outputs are exclusive-ored with the plaintext to create the cipher text and exclusive-ored with the cipher text to recover the plaintext. Transmission bit errors are not expanded, but synchronism becomes the problem. Both DES algorithms must be seeded with the same IV and key, must start in synchronism, must maintain synchronism and must recognize the loss of synchronism and recover from it. Since ISDN provides a byte synchronized service, bit errors do not affect synchronism. With ISDN B channels, OFB synchronism, once achieved, is normally easily maintained, however "byte slips," which may normally occur on an ISDN circuit within the continental United States on the order is once a day, will cause the loss of synchronism. It is therefore necessary to recognize loss of synchronism and resynchronize the encryption.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Security in ISDN.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Status Report on the Second Round of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process say about References? (Part 12) According to Status Report on the Second Round of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process, References: andidates. - [62] Banik S, Bogdanov A, Peyrin T, Sasaki Y, Sim SM, Tischhauser E, Todo Y (2019) SUNDAE-GIFT v1.0, Submission to the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process. lightweight-cryptography/ round-2-candidates. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - [63] Wu H, Huang T (2019) TinyJAMBU: A Family of Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Algorithms, Submission to the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process. lightweight-cryptography/ round-2-candidates. - [64] Aagaard M, AlTawy R, Gong G, Mandal K, Rohit R, Zidaric N (2019) WAGE: An Authenticated Cipher, Submission to the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process. lightweight-cryptography/ round-2-candidates. - [65] Daemen J, Hoffert S, Peeters M, Assche GV, Keer RV (2019) Xoodyak: A Lightweight Cryptographic Scheme, Submission to the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process. lightweight-cryptography/round-2-candidates. - [66] Chakraborti A, Datta N, Jha A, Nandi M (2020) Structural Classification of Authenticated Encryption Schemes, NIST Lightweight Cryptography Workshop 2020. Events/lightweight-cryptography-workshop-2020/documents/papers/ structural-classification-lwc2020.pdf. - [67] Bovy E (2020) Comparison of the Second Round Candidates of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Competition, Bachelor thesis Computing Science, Radboud University. https://www.cs.ru.nl/bachelors-theses/. - [68] Bertoni G, Daemen J, Peeters M, Assche GV (2008) On the Indifferentiability of the Sponge Construction.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Status Report on the Second Round of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardization Process.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Proceedings of the Cybersecurity for Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) Symposium say about 1 INTRODUCTION? (Part 2) According to Proceedings of the Cybersecurity for Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) Symposium, 1 INTRODUCTION: s in a timely way and develop standards, systems and processes for security before such wide scale adoption of the technology limits, or prohibits, the deployment of protection mechanisms. The negative impacts of failure to include security protocols at start-up can be seen within the power and energy sector, which has large deployments of programmable logic controllers (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. At the time of design and deployment, these systems were not equipped with adequate security mechanisms to contend with the threats of the connected world in the current environment. Now these systems are so tightly woven into the fabric of the power grid, retrofitting security is a much larger task than if it had been tackled in the beginning.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Proceedings of the Cybersecurity for Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) Symposium.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control HA-2 in Ascon-Based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices_ Authenticated Encryption, Hash, and Extendable Output Functions? (Part 22) Control HA-2: ct a tag length less than 64 bits after a careful risk analysis is performed. The tag length shall be the same across the lifespan of the key. - R5. Limit on the maximum number of decryption failures. When the tag bit length 𝜆 satisfies 64 ≤ 𝜆 ≤ 128 , the probability of a forgery is low enough that decryption failures up to 2 𝜆-32 can be tolerated without compromising security. Therefore, the maximum number of decryption failures under a fixed key shall not exceed 2 𝜆-32 . For shorter tags, with 32 ≤ 𝜆 < 64 , the forgery probability is higher, in these cases, the number of allowable decryption failures should be limited to 1. However, if a careful risk analysis shows that the system's overall security goal remains satisfied, this limit may be relaxed -up to the same bound of 2 𝜆-32 . - R6. Data limit. The total amount of data processed during encryption and decryption, including the nonce, shall not exceed 2 54 bytes for a given key. 2 In AEAD schemes, context commitment is a security property that ensures a ciphertext cannot be decrypted successfully under two different, adversarially-chosen contexts -where context includes a secret key, nonce, and associated data. - R7. Key update. The key shall be updated to a new key once the total amount of input data reaches the limit of 2 54 bytes, and should be updated when the number of decryption failures reaches its limit. ## 4.4. Security Properties This section provides the security properties of Ascon-AEAD128 in various scenarios, including single-key and multi-key settings, nonce-respecting and nonce-misuse settings, and with or without the truncation option. In the single-key setting, the security of the scheme is analyzed under the assumption that the scheme uses a single key; in contrast, in the multi-key setting, multiple independent keys are used, and the adversary may interact with many instances of the scheme, each with a different key.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Ascon-Based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices_ Authenticated Encryption, Hash, and Extendable Output Functions.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control SC-26 in Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems_ A Systems Security Engineering Approach? Control SC-26: Predefined Segmentation Negate, Contain

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems_ A Systems Security Engineering Approach.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations_ A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy provide? (Section 91) situations, tailoring actions may 56 NIST Special Publication 800-53 (Revision 5), separates the control catalog from the control baselines that have been included historically in that publication. A new companion publication, NIST Special Publication 800-53B, Control Baselines and Tailoring Guidance for Federal Information Systems and Organizations defines the recommended baselines. NIST Special Publication 800-53B is referenced throughout the RMF in the relevant tasks. 57 Tailored control baselines may also be referred to as overlays . An organizationally-tailored control baseline is analogous to an organization-wide overlay since an overlay is a tailored baseline that services a community of interest, in this case, the organization. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ be restricted or limited by the developer of the tailored baseline or by the issuing authority for the tailored baseline. Tailored baselines (or overlays) have been developed by communities of interest for cloud and shared systems, services, and applications; industrial control systems; privacy; national security systems; weapons and space-based systems; high value assets; 58 mobile device management; federal public key infrastructure; and privacy risks. Organizations may also benefit from developing one or more Cybersecurity Framework Profiles . A Cybersecurity Framework Profile uses the Subcategories in the Framework Core to align cybersecurity outcomes with mission or business requirements, risk tolerance, and resources of the organization. 59 The prioritized list of cybersecurity outcomes developed at the organization and mission/business process levels can be helpful in facilitating consistent, risk-based decisions at the system level.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, cybersecurity framework, risk management framework. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations_ A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain SP 800-12 Revision 1 according to NIST 2017 NIST_ITL Cybersecurity Program Annual Report According to 2017 NIST_ITL Cybersecurity Program Annual Report, SP 800-12 Revision 1: An Introduction to Information Security June 2017 https:/ /csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-12/ rev-1/final https:/ /doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-12r1 Organizations rely heavily on the use of information technology (IT) products and services to run their day-to-day activities. Ensuring the security of these products and services is of the utmost importance for the success of the organization. This publication introduces the information security principles that organizations may leverage to understand the information security needs of their respective systems.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: 2017 NIST_ITL Cybersecurity Program Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Common Platform Enumeration_ Name Matching Specification Version 2.3 say about Appendix A-References? According to Common Platform Enumeration_ Name Matching Specification Version 2.3, Appendix A-References: The following documents are indispensable references for understanding the application of this specification.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Common Platform Enumeration_ Name Matching Specification Version 2.3.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 8 CNA Acceptance Process according to NIST Collaborative Vulnerability Metadata Acceptance Process (CVMAP) for CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) and Authorized Data Publishers According to Collaborative Vulnerability Metadata Acceptance Process (CVMAP) for CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) and Authorized Data Publishers, 8 CNA Acceptance Process: Participation in the submission process automatically begins when the CNA includes submission category information within their provided CVE records. As submissions are received and NVD analysts complete a Verification of CVE records, an email will be sent to the CNA to notify them that an audit has occurred and provide a link to the audit results. Once the CNA provides the acceptable number of CVE records that contain information for a specific submission category, a determination of acceptance level will be made. A sample size has been selected based on the experience that it takes a new NVD analyst to become proficient in providing CVE record metadata. The current sample size can be found at https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/cvmap/How-We-Assess-Acceptance-Levels for each submission category provided. While this requirement may be difficult to achieve for smaller CNAs in a short period of time, it is necessary in order to maintain the consistency of the NVD data. The NVD user base is comprised of thousands of businesses and local, state, and Federal Government agencies that rely on the NVD to provide a consistent result set. As this process matures, improvements and efficiencies may be achieved to allow for a reduction in the sample size. The Acceptance Thresholds defined below will be applied to determine what Acceptance Level the CNA's information will be assigned within the NVD.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Collaborative Vulnerability Metadata Acceptance Process (CVMAP) for CVE Numbering Authorities (CNAs) and Authorized Data Publishers.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Guide to Auditing for Controls and Security_ A System Development Life Cycle Approach say about D.3 CASCADING OF ERRORS? According to Guide to Auditing for Controls and Security_ A System Development Life Cycle Approach, D.3 CASCADING OF ERRORS: The cascading of errors is the domino effect of errors throughout an application system. An error in one part of the program or application triggers a second yet unrelated error in another part of the application system. This second error may trigger a third error, and so on. The cascading of error risk is frequently associated with making changes to application systems. A change is made and tested in the program in which the change occurs. However, some condition has been altered as a result of the change, which causes an error to occur in another part of the application system. Cascading of errors can occur between applications. This risk intensifies as appHcations become more integrated. For example, a system that is accepting orders may be tied through a series of applications to a system that replenishes inventory based upon orders. Thus, an insignificant error in the order entry program can "cascade" through a series of applications resulting in a very serious error in the inventory replenishment program. The types of conditions that lead to cascading of errors include: 1. Inadequately tested appHcations; 2. Failure to communicate the type and date of changes being implemented; and 3. Limited testing of program changes.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guide to Auditing for Controls and Security_ A System Development Life Cycle Approach.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Author ORCID iDs according to NIST Guidelines for Media Sanitization According to Guidelines for Media Sanitization, Author ORCID iDs: Ramaswamy Chandramouli: 0000-0002-7387-5858 Eric Hibbard: 0009-0001-8112-1263

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Guidelines for Media Sanitization.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Secure Data Network Systems (SDNS) Network, Transport, and Message Security Protocols provide? (Section 67) on truncation protection service is specified, the transport entity shall compare the final sent and received sequence numbers with the sequence numbers of the final sent and received DT and ED TPDUs. The handling of a mismatch of sequence numbers is a local matter. This is a security relevant event and reporting to an audit authority is recommended. This procedure is not used with the connectionless transport service (ISO 8602). Upon receipt of a TPDU, the peer address associated with the cryptographic key shall be compared to the source address of the TPDU. If the addresses do not match, the SE TPDU shall be discarded. This is a security relevant event and shall be reported to the layer management entity. Security labels are used in all classes to provide support for access control and to provide support for data separation based on sensitivity. The procedure makes use of the following TPDU and parameter: - SETPDU; - key-id - label. When a cryptographic asociation specifies use of an explicit security label on every TPDU, the label shall be sent in the LABEL field of the protected header of each SE TPDU. Upon receipt of a SE TPDU containing the LABEL parameter, the transport entity shall verify that the LABEL parameter falls within the set of acceptable security levels for the cryptographic association. If a SE TPDU is received with an improper LABEL, the TPDU shall be discarded. This is a security relevant event and shall be reported to the layer management. Pad parameter processing is used in all classes for cryptographic algorithms which process data in blocks of specific sizes. The procedure makes use of the following TPDU and parameter: - SE TPDU encapsulating any TPDUs defined in ISO 8073 or ISO 8602; - pad. A received pad parameter value is discarded. If the connection-oriented service (kg tc) is in use, the key associated with a connection shall be deleted as part of the connection release procedure.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Secure Data Network Systems (SDNS) Network, Transport, and Message Security Protocols.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does Domain Name System-Based Electronic Mail Security say about 1.2 Solution? (Part 1) According to Domain Name System-Based Electronic Mail Security, 1.2 Solution: 1.2 Solution DNSSEC protects against unauthorized modifications to domain name information to prevent connection to spoofed or malicious hosts. The NCCoE initiated a collaborative project with industry partners to develop a proof-of-concept security platform that provides trustworthy mail server-to-mail server email exchanges across organizational boundaries. Products comprising the security platform include client mail user agents (MUAs) 6 , DNS servers (authoritative and caching/recursive) 7 , mail transfer agents (MTAs) 8 , and X.509 cryptographic key certificate sources (components and services). The network infrastructure products are similar to those found in every enterprise and used to perform basic IT functions and handle email. The certificate utilities are needed to produce X.509 certificates 9 for mail servers and end users to support Transport Layer Security (TLS) 10 and Secure/Multipurpose 5 RFC 6698, The DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Security Protocol : TLSA 6 According to NIST SP 800-177, an MUA is a software component (or web interface) that allows an end user to compose and send messages to one or more recipients. An MUA transmits new messages to a server for further processing (either final delivery or transfer to another server). 7 According to Section 3.2 of SP 800-177, there are two main types of name servers: authoritative name servers and caching name servers. The term authoritative is with respect to a zone. If a name server is an authoritative source for DNS resource records for a particular zone (or zones) of DNS addresses, it is called an authoritative name server for that zone (or zones). An authoritative name server for a zone provides responses to name resolution queries for resources for that zone, using the records in its own zone file.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: nist sp, fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Domain Name System-Based Electronic Mail Security.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control ES-128 in Secure Biometric Match-on-Card Feasibility Report? (Part 8) Control ES-128: ution of the host PC, which is 1/60 second or 17 ms. Such fluctuations are recorded whenever a fixed duration phenomenon is measured repeatedly, starting at random points with respect to a clock tick. Assuming the DUT response time is fixed, the actual DUT response time is approximately the computed average response time, as reported in Appendix A. Whether the assumption holds or not, a 17 ms fluctuation is less than 3% of the measured values in all cases. In some cases, one or more of the following anomalies were observed while obtaining timing metrics for a DUT: + The entire protocol sequence could not be executed (e.g., a secure session could not be established with the DUT). Hence, some graphs may have less than 100 time values for matching and/or non-matching results (an example appears in Figure C-29). + A matching template was sent to a DUT for verification and the DUT responded with a 'No match' result. Consequently, there may be more non-matching than matching time values (an example appears in Figures C-35 and C-36). + Anomalous time values were observed that exceed the 17 ms host clock resolution (an example appears in Figure C-29). These anomalies may have been caused by a number of different factors, such as Radio Frequency (RF) noise between the DUT and smart card reader, and the actual negotiated operating speed of the DUT. ## 5. Conclusion The timing metrics obtained from the SBMOC feasibility study showed that it is possible to securely perform biometric match-on-card operations over the contactless interface of a smart card within 2.5 seconds, while meeting the constraints in Appendix D except the accuracy constraint. The study also showed that the amount of time required to complete an SBMOC operation is dependent on a number of factors, such as the cryptographic mechanisms used, the minutia count of the reference and sample fingerprint templates, and the format of the fingerprint templates.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Secure Biometric Match-on-Card Feasibility Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain 1.4 Document Structure according to NIST Recommended Criteria for Cybersecurity Labeling of Consumer Software According to Recommended Criteria for Cybersecurity Labeling of Consumer Software, 1.4 Document Structure: The remainder of this document is organized as follows: - Section 2 - contains the baseline technical criteria for the label and methodology used to arrive at those criteria - Section 3 - describes criteria for the labeling approach and consumer-focused label information - Section 4 - describes conformity assessment and proposes multiple approaches for a labeling scheme - Appendix A - provides additional details on labeling criteria and considerations, including labeling approaches, consumer education, usability, and consumer testing - Appendix B - contains an abbreviated excerpt from the Secure Software Development Framework

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Recommended Criteria for Cybersecurity Labeling of Consumer Software.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Cell Phone Forensic Tools_ an Overview and Analysis provide? (Section 15) | | SEARCH FUNCTIONALITY........................................................................................................... | 52 | | GRAPHICS LIBRARY ................................................................................................................... | 53 | | REPORT GENERATION ................................................................................................................ | 53 | | SCENARIO RESULTS ................................................................................................................... | 55 | | SIM CARD ACQUISITION ........................................................................................................... | 56 | | SYNOPSIS OF OXYGEN PHONE MANAGER .................................................................... | 57 | | SUPPORTED PHONES .................................................................................................................. | 57 | | ACQUISITION STAGE ..................................................................................................................

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Cell Phone Forensic Tools_ an Overview and Analysis.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems provide? (Section 212) ties and turning off nonessential services. Hardening a computer involves several steps to form layers of protection. | | Hash Value | The fixed-length bit string produced by a hash function. | | Identifier | A text string used to indicate an entity (e.g., one that is performing a key management function) and by the CKMS access control system to select a specific key from a collection of keys. | | Interoperability | A measure of the ability of one set of entities to physically connect to and logically communicate with another set of entities. | | Key | See cryptographic key. | | Key Agreement | A key establishment procedure where the resultant keying material is a function of information contributed by two or more participants, so that no entity can predetermine the resulting value of the keying material independently of any other entity's contribution. | | Key Confirmation | A procedure to provide assurance to one entity (the key confirmation recipient) that another entity (the key confirmation provider) actually possesses the correct secret keying material and/or shared secret. | | Key Distribution | The transport of a key and other keying material from an entity that either owns or generates the key to another entity that is intended to use the key. (Sometimes called key transport.) | | Key Entry | The process by which a key (and perhaps its metadata) is entered into a cryptographic module in preparation for active use. | | Key Establishment | The process by which a key is securely shared between two or more entities, either by transporting a key from one entity to another (key transport) or deriving a key from information shared by the entities (key agreement). | | Key Label | A key label is a text string that provides a human-readable and perhaps machine-readable set of descriptors for the key.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: access control, key management. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: A Framework for Designing Cryptographic Key Management Systems.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Draft NISTIR 7831 , Common Remediation Enumeration (CRE) Version 1.0 according to NIST Computer Security Division 2012 Annual Report According to Computer Security Division 2012 Annual Report, Draft NISTIR 7831 , Common Remediation Enumeration (CRE) Version 1.0: This GLYPH(cmap:df00)ocument GLYPH(cmap:df00)efines the Common RemeGLYPH(cmap:df00)iation Enumeration (CRE) 1.0 specification. CRE is part of a suite of enterprise remeGLYPH(cmap:df00)iation specifications that enable automation and enhanced correlation of enterprise remediation activities. Each CRE entry represents a unique remediation activity and is assigneGLYPH(cmap:df00) a globally unique CRE iGLYPH(cmap:df00)entifier (CRE-ID). This specification GLYPH(cmap:df00)escribes the core concepts of CRE, the technical components of a CRE entry, outlines how CRE entries are created, the technical requirements for constructing a CRE-ID, anGLYPH(cmap:df00) how CRE-IDs may be assigned. CRE-IDs are intended to be boundary objects that are broaGLYPH(cmap:df00)ly useable in enterprise security management products and information domains that participate in remediation activities or make assertions about remediation actions. Contact: Mr. David Waltermire GLYPH(cmap:df00)aviGLYPH(cmap:df00).waltermire@nist.gov

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Computer Security Division 2012 Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control HA-1 in Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response? (Part 120) Control HA-1: not a valid address within the organizationGLYPH<146>s networksGLYPH<151>the incident handler should rely on other data sources to identify the host that actually sent the e-mail message. The organizationGLYPH<146>s e-mail servers are another likely source of information. Each of the server IP addresses listed in the e-mail header should contain some record of the e-mail, including the message ID value, which should facilitate quick identification of pertinent records. As mentioned previously, the final e-mail server in the list may contain a copy of the e-mail. Backups of that server may contain a copy of the e-mail, but only if it was held there for delivery for several hours or more. Other services associated with e-mail, such as antivirus software and spam filters, may also contain basic records of e-mail activity, but are unlikely to contain many details. Another possible source of information is authentication records. Although few e-mail servers require users to authenticate to send e-mail, they typically do require authentication to deliver e-mail to users. Because users often send and receive e-mail during a single session, authentication logs may contain records for receiving e-mail that can be helpful in determining who may have sent a particular e-mail. Another possible source of information is a record of the network traffic generated by sending or receiving the e-mail. Packet sniffers or network forensic analysis tools that were monitoring network activity might have captured the activity, including the actual IP addresses of the sending or receiving hosts, the contents and header of the e-mail, and any associated authentication activity. Ultimately, the incident handler should identify the hosts that were used to send and receive the e-mail, as well as all intermediate hosts that transferred the e-mail from sender to receiver.

Explanation: NIST publication on credential and access management. Topics: authentication, sso. Contains security framework guidance for authentication systems. Source: Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Computer Security Division 2008 Annual Report provide? (Section 3) During Fiscal Year 2008 (FY2008), CSD successfully responded to numerous challenges and opportunities in fulfilling its mission. CSD carried out a diverse research agenda and participated in many national priority initiatives, leading to the development and implementation of high-quality, cost-effective security and privacy mechanisms that improved information security across the federal government and throughout the national and international information security community. In FY2008, CSD continued to develop standards, metrics, tests, and validation programs to promote, measure, and validate the security in information systems and services. Recognizing the potential benefits of more automation in technical security operations, CSD hosted the Information Security Automation Program (ISAP), which formalizes and advances efforts to enable the automation and standardization of technical security operations, including automated vulnerability management and policy compliance evaluations. The CSD also continued to work closely with federal agencies to improve their understanding and implementation of the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) to protect their information and information systems. CSD supported a major intelligence community and national security community initiative to build a unified framework for information security across the federal government. This initiative is expected to result in greater standardization and more consistent and cost-effective security for all federal information systems. As technology advances and security requirements evolve, CSD critically evaluates existing standards, guidelines, and technologies to ensure that they adequately reflect the current state of the art.

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Computer Security Division 2008 Annual Report.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain Mary Raguso Susan Symington according to NIST Securing Web Transactions_ TLS Server Certificate Management According to Securing Web Transactions_ TLS Server Certificate Management, Mary Raguso Susan Symington: The MITRE Corporation June 2020 This publication is available free of charge from: http://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1800-16 The first draft of this publication is available free of charge from: <!-- image -->

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Securing Web Transactions_ TLS Server Certificate Management.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What does NIST Test Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards Version 2 say about D.4.15.10 Test PIV Card 15: Retired Key Management Certificate F? According to NIST Test Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards Version 2, D.4.15.10 Test PIV Card 15: Retired Key Management Certificate F: Serial Number : 1504 (0x5e0) Signature Algorithm : ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer : CN=Test ECC P-256 CA for Test PIV Cards, ou=Test CA, o=Test Certificates 2010, c=US Validity : Not Before: Oct 1 08:30:00 2010 GMT, Not After: Oct 1 08:30:00 2030 GMT Subject : CN=Test E. Cardholder XV, ou=Test Agency, ou=Test Department, o=Test Government, c=US Subject Public Key Info : id-ecPublicKey, P-256

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: NIST Test Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards Version 2.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does SRI International_ Improving the Security of Your UNIX System provide? (Section 23) ould never be trusted. Also, if there are any machines at your organization that are installed in 'public' areas (e.g., terminal rooms) as opposed to private offices, you should not trust these hosts. On Sun systems, hosts.equiv is controlled with the Yellow Pages software. As distributed, the default hosts.equiv file distributed by Sun contains a single line; + This indicates that every known host (i.e., the complete contents of the host file) should be considered a trusted host. This is totally incorrect and a major security hole, since hosts outside the local organization should never be trusted. A correctly configured hosts.equiv should never list any 'wildcard' hosts (such as the only specific host names should be used. When installing a new system from Sun distribution tapes, you should be sure to either replace the Sun default hosts.equiv with a correctly configured one, or delete the file altogether. The .rhosts file [SunSSa, 1397] is similar in concept and format to the hosts.equiv file, but allows trusted access only to specific host-user combinations, rather than to hosts in general.* Each user may create a .rhosts file in his home directory, and allow access to her account without a password. Most people use this mechanism to allow trusted access between accounts they have on systems owned by different organizations who do not trust each other's hosts in hosts.equiv. Unfortunately, this file presents a major security problem; While hosts.equiv is under the system administrator's control and can be managed effectively, any user may create a .rhosts file granting access to whomever he chooses, without the system administrator's knowledge. The only secure way to manage .rhosts files is to completely disallow them on the system. The system administrator should check the system often for violations of this policy (see Section 3.3. 1.4).

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: SRI International_ Improving the Security of Your UNIX System.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control IP-1 in Data Integrity_ Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Ransomware and Other Destructive Events? (Part 6) Control IP-1: 050: Executive Technical Workshop on Improving Cybersecurity and Consumer Privacy [2] -  NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-30 Rev. 1: Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments [3] -  NIST SP 800-37 Rev. 1: Guide for Applying the Risk Management Framework to Federal Information Systems: A Security Life Cycle Approach [4] -  NIST SP 800-39: Managing Information Security Risk [5] -  NIST SP 800-40 Rev. 3: Guide to Enterprise Patch Management Technologies [6] -  NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4: Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations [7] -  Federal Information Processing Standard 140-3: Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules [8] -  NIST SP 800-86: Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response [9] -  NIST SP 800-92: Guide to Computer Security Log Management [10] -  NIST SP 800-100: Information Security Handbook: A Guide for Managers [11] -  NIST SP 800-34 Rev. 1: Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems [12] -  Office of Management and Budget, Circular Number A-130: Managing Information as a Strategic Resource [13] -  NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2: Computer Security Incident Handling Guide [14] -  NIST SP 800-83 Rev. 1: Guide to Malware Incident Prevention and Handling for Desktops and Laptops [15] -  NIST SP 800-150: Guide to Cyber Threat Information Sharing [16] -  NIST SP 800-184: Guide for Cybersecurity Event Recovery [17] ## 1.3 Benefits The NCCoE's practice guide can help your organization: -  develop a plan for identifying assets and vulnerabilities and protecting these assets from a cybersecurity event -  facilitate detection, response, and recovery from a DI event by collecting information about the enterprise before an attack occurs .

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity publication covering vulnerability management. Topics: malware, ransomware, incident response. Contains technical security guidance that could inform defensive posture. Source: Data Integrity_ Identifying and Protecting Assets Against Ransomware and Other Destructive Events.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is Example according to Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems_ A Systems Security Engineering Approach? Example: The defender organization makes changes to a

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems_ A Systems Security Engineering Approach.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is References according to Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations? References: [SP 800-124], [IR 8023].

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What is control CS-3 in U.S. Department of Energy Risk Assessment Methodology? (Part 120) Control CS-3: N/A 12/89 2/90 11/89 Accapting riak Whan naw room la available Scheduled for correction Purchaae required (2) Based on rasults of Step 1 and Stop 2, ara tha maasuraa in-placa sufficiant given: Hardware and Software: Cost(s) Yes HH | - No System Software and Data: Characteristics and Importance Yes rYn I I No Comments: <!-- image --> <!-- image --> | DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADP SYSTEM RISK ASSESSMENT | DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADP SYSTEM RISK ASSESSMENT | DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ADP SYSTEM RISK ASSESSMENT | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | PAGE 4 | |---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|---------------------|---------------------------|-------------------------| | 4^ THREAT ANO VUlNERABtUTY ANALYSfS | 4^ THREAT ANO VUlNERABtUTY ANALYSfS | 4^ THREAT ANO VUlNERABtUTY ANALYSfS | ftEVIEW | ftEVIEW | | | (1) | ASSET AREA | (a) THREATS AND | VULNERABILITY(IES) | (b) PROBA- BILITY (H.M.L) | (e) PRIORITY OF CONCERN | | b) | Physical (Facility): | Storm* | | H | 1 | | b) | Personnai: Accidents Emotional, | mental, health Sensitive data disclosure Lighting | problem | M M H H | 1 2 1 1 | | c) Information, Data, and Emissions: | | Power Fluctuations | | H | 1 | | d) *) Computer

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control, assessment. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: U.S. Department of Energy Risk Assessment Methodology.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. What information does Federal Cybersecurity Awareness Programs_ A Mixed Methods Research Study provide? (Section 56) _\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ [SHORT TITLE LINE 2] 38. How does your organization determine or measure the effectiveness of your security awareness program? Check all that apply. □ Required training completion rates □ Audit reports or FISMA (Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014) evaluations □ Phishing click rates (number of people who click on a simulated phishing email/link) □ Employee reporting of simulated phishing emails □ Employee reporting of potential phishing emails (outside of phishing simulations) □ Employee reporting of other security incidents □ Surveys □ Informal employee feedback/comments (for example, in-person, emails) □ Attendance at security awareness events □ Online views of training materials □ Security incident trends □ We don't try to determine the effectiveness □ Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ <If 'We don't try to determine the effectiveness,' skip next question> 39. How does your security awareness program use program effectiveness data? Check all that apply. □ We use the data to demonstrate our compliance with training mandates. □ We provide the data to leadership to show the value of the security awareness program. □ We use the data to justify additional resources for the security awareness program. □ We provide the data to employees so there's more transparency about the security awareness program. □ We use the data to improve/inform the security awareness program. □ We provide the data to other groups in our organization to help improve/inform their own programs or processes. □ Other: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 40. If you are a manager or executive who is involved in making decisions about the security awareness program, what data would help demonstrate the value and effectiveness of the security awareness program?

Explanation: NIST cybersecurity documentation and standards guidance. Topics: fips, security control. General security reference material without sensitive content. Source: Federal Cybersecurity Awareness Programs_ A Mixed Methods Research Study.


You are a cybersecurity expert with deep knowledge of NIST standards, frameworks, and best practices. You provide accurate, detailed guidance on cybersecurity controls, risk management, cloud security, and compliance based on NIST publications including the 800 series, FIPS, and related documents. Explain integrity according to NIST Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations According to Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations, integrity: Guarding against improper information modification or destruction and includes ensuring information nonrepudiation and authenticity. [79]

Explanation: NIST publication discussing classified information handling. References: classified, controlled unclassified. Contains guidance on protecting sensitive government information. Source: Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations.