SCHEMA.md

# Solstice Residential Energy Simulation Pack - Schema

This pack is a relational synthetic dataset for residential solar-plus-storage operations, VPP dispatch, outage resilience, and subscriber economics. It is designed for dashboarding, workflow testing, and predictive-model validation without customer-data exposure.

The schema is optimized around:

- household archetypes and contract structure
- solar and battery asset metadata
- utility tariff and savings logic
- dispatch participation and incentives
- outage resilience and backup performance
- billing, churn, and subscriber value
- fleet operations and portfolio KPIs

## Top-level design

This is a multi-table pack with daily and monthly fact tables. The canonical release format should be Parquet, with CSV mirrors for easier import and demos.

## Entity model

### `households`

One row per synthetic customer home.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `household_id` | string | Stable household key |
| `state` | string | Two-letter state code |
| `utility_territory` | string | Synthetic utility-territory name |
| `climate_zone` | enum | `coastal`, `desert`, `temperate`, `humid_subtropical`, `mountain`, `island` |
| `home_type` | enum | `single_family`, `townhome`, `small_multifamily` |
| `roof_profile` | enum | `ideal`, `good`, `constrained`, `shaded` |
| `income_band` | enum | `lower`, `middle`, `upper_middle`, `higher` |
| `ev_owner_flag` | bool | EV adoption proxy |
| `electrification_profile` | enum | `baseline`, `heat_pump`, `ev_ready`, `full_electrified` |
| `outage_risk_band` | enum | `low`, `moderate`, `high` |

### `subscriber_contracts`

One row per active or historical contract.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `contract_id` | string | Stable contract key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `subscription_type` | enum | `ppa`, `lease`, `subscription_flex`, `loan_like` |
| `term_years` | int | Contract term length |
| `contract_start_date` | date | Start date |
| `monthly_minimum_payment` | float | Minimum monthly payment |
| `flex_rate_per_kwh` | float | Usage-based overage or flex price |
| `escalator_pct` | float | Annual escalator |
| `battery_included_flag` | bool | Battery attachment |
| `vpp_eligible_flag` | bool | Program eligibility |
| `status` | enum | `active`, `renewed`, `churned` |
| `renewal_flag` | bool | Renewal signal |
| `churn_flag` | bool | Churn signal |

### `installation_pipeline`

Sales-to-activation project timeline.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `project_id` | string | Stable project key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `lead_source` | enum | `direct`, `partner`, `referral`, `digital`, `field_sales` |
| `signed_date` | date | Customer signature date |
| `permit_ready_date` | date | Permit-complete date |
| `install_date` | date | Install date |
| `pto_date` | date | Permission-to-operate date |
| `battery_attachment_flag` | bool | Attached battery |
| `project_cycle_days` | int | Signed-to-PTO duration |
| `cancellation_flag` | bool | Cancellation signal |
| `cancellation_reason` | enum/null | Cancellation category |

### `solar_systems`

Installed solar metadata.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `system_id` | string | Stable system key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `kw_dc` | float | Nameplate DC size |
| `module_count` | int | Module count |
| `inverter_type` | enum | `string`, `microinverter`, `hybrid` |
| `azimuth_band` | enum | `south`, `southwest`, `east_west`, `mixed` |
| `shading_band` | enum | `low`, `moderate`, `high` |
| `expected_annual_kwh` | float | Modeled annual generation |
| `commission_date` | date | System commission date |

### `battery_systems`

Installed battery metadata.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `battery_id` | string | Stable battery key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `usable_kwh` | float | Usable energy capacity |
| `power_kw` | float | Power rating |
| `chemistry` | enum | `lithium_iron_phosphate`, `lithium_nmc` |
| `reserve_setting_pct` | float | Customer reserve floor |
| `vpp_enabled_flag` | bool | Dispatch participation enabled |
| `install_date` | date | Install date |
| `replacement_due_year` | int | Expected replacement year |

### `utility_tariffs`

Tariff metadata by territory and plan.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `tariff_id` | string | Stable tariff key |
| `utility_territory` | string | Territory name |
| `state` | string | State code |
| `tariff_name` | string | Synthetic tariff plan |
| `tariff_type` | enum | `flat`, `tou`, `demand_like`, `export_sensitive` |
| `peak_start_hour` | int | Peak start hour |
| `peak_end_hour` | int | Peak end hour |
| `summer_peak_rate` | float | Peak import rate |
| `offpeak_rate` | float | Off-peak import rate |
| `fixed_monthly_charge` | float | Fixed charge |
| `net_billing_export_rate` | float | Export compensation |

### `daily_generation_consumption`

Daily energy and savings fact table.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `date` | date | Day grain |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `solar_generation_kwh` | float | Daily generation |
| `home_load_kwh` | float | Daily load |
| `grid_import_kwh` | float | Net import |
| `grid_export_kwh` | float | Net export |
| `battery_charge_kwh` | float | Battery charging |
| `battery_discharge_kwh` | float | Battery discharging |
| `state_of_charge_end_pct` | float | End-of-day battery state |
| `bill_without_system_usd` | float | Counterfactual utility bill |
| `bill_with_system_usd` | float | Utility bill with DERs |
| `customer_savings_usd` | float | Daily customer savings |

### `dispatch_events`

Program dispatch fact table.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `dispatch_event_id` | string | Stable dispatch key |
| `date` | date | Event date |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `program_id` | string | Program name/id |
| `dispatch_type` | enum | `peak_shave`, `capacity_event`, `emergency_event`, `market_dispatch` |
| `requested_kwh` | float | Requested delivery |
| `delivered_kwh` | float | Actual delivery |
| `duration_minutes` | int | Event length |
| `participated_flag` | bool | Participation signal |
| `non_participation_reason` | enum/null | Reason when not participating |
| `customer_incentive_usd` | float | Event incentive value |
| `grid_value_usd` | float | Program value estimate |

### `vpp_program_enrollment`

Program enrollment metadata.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `enrollment_id` | string | Stable enrollment key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `program_name` | string | Program label |
| `market_type` | enum | `utility`, `iso`, `aggregator`, `resilience` |
| `enrollment_date` | date | Enrollment date |
| `opt_out_flag` | bool | Customer opt-out |
| `participation_score` | float | Participation likelihood proxy |
| `seasonal_availability_band` | enum | `low`, `moderate`, `high` |

### `outage_events`

Backup and resilience table.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `outage_event_id` | string | Stable outage key |
| `date` | date | Outage date |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `outage_duration_minutes` | int | Duration |
| `critical_load_served_kwh` | float | Critical load supported |
| `backup_duration_hours` | float | Backup runtime |
| `grid_down_flag` | bool | Grid-down event |
| `customer_outage_avoided_flag` | bool | Whether backup protected load |
| `unserved_load_kwh` | float | Unserved energy |

### `billing_and_savings`

Monthly economics table.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `billing_month` | string | `YYYY-MM` month |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `contract_id` | string | FK -> `subscriber_contracts.contract_id` |
| `utility_bill_without_system_usd` | float | Counterfactual monthly bill |
| `utility_bill_with_system_usd` | float | Monthly utility bill with system |
| `subscription_payment_usd` | float | Subscription payment |
| `vpp_credits_usd` | float | Dispatch or participation credits |
| `net_customer_value_usd` | float | Net monthly customer value |
| `overage_kwh` | float | Usage overage proxy |

### `service_tickets`

Fleet reliability and support.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `ticket_id` | string | Stable ticket key |
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `open_date` | date | Ticket open date |
| `issue_category` | enum | `battery_alert`, `inverter_fault`, `connectivity`, `production_drop`, `customer_question` |
| `severity_band` | enum | `low`, `moderate`, `high` |
| `truck_roll_required_flag` | bool | Truck roll requirement |
| `resolution_days` | int | Resolution duration |
| `equipment_replaced_flag` | bool | Replacement event |

### `channel_attribution`

Acquisition channel summary.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `household_id` | string | FK -> `households.household_id` |
| `channel` | enum | `partner`, `digital`, `referral`, `direct`, `field_sales` |
| `campaign_type` | enum | Acquisition campaign type |
| `cac_usd` | float | Customer acquisition cost proxy |
| `conversion_days` | int | Lead-to-sign duration |
| `sales_motion` | enum | `inside_sales`, `field`, `partner_led`, `self_serve_assisted` |

### `portfolio_kpis_daily`

Fleet-level KPI rollup.

| Field | Type | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `date` | date | Day grain |
| `state` | string | State rollup |
| `active_households` | int | Active subscribed homes |
| `active_batteries` | int | Active batteries |
| `dispatch_events_count` | int | Daily dispatch events |
| `total_dispatched_kwh` | float | Total delivered dispatch |
| `participation_rate` | float | Daily participation rate |
| `avg_customer_savings_usd` | float | Daily average savings |
| `avg_bill_reduction_pct` | float | Average bill reduction |
| `outages_supported_count` | int | Outages supported |
| `service_ticket_rate` | float | Daily service ticket rate |
| `estimated_grid_value_usd` | float | Portfolio-level dispatch value |

## Key relationships

- `households.household_id` joins to contracts, assets, timeseries, outage, service, and attribution tables
- `subscriber_contracts.contract_id` joins to `billing_and_savings`
- `utility_tariffs.utility_territory` joins to `households.utility_territory`
- `households.state` joins to `portfolio_kpis_daily.state`

## Invariants

- `bill_without_system_usd >= bill_with_system_usd` for most rows, though some low-value days may be near zero savings
- `grid_import_kwh >= 0` and `grid_export_kwh >= 0`
- `delivered_kwh <= requested_kwh` on dispatch rows
- `customer_outage_avoided_flag == true` implies `critical_load_served_kwh > 0`
- `active_batteries <= active_households`

## Causal realism targets

The generator should preserve:

- higher cooling load and EV ownership -> higher evening battery value
- high-rate tariffs -> higher apparent savings opportunity
- battery-equipped homes -> higher outage resilience and dispatch eligibility
- high participation score -> stronger dispatch response
- more service burden -> lower net customer value and higher churn likelihood
- outage-prone markets -> stronger resilience event value

## MVP release recommendation

For the first production-ready pack:

- 5,000 households
- 12 months
- daily grain
- all tables included

## Premium expansion

For the larger commercial pack:

- 25,000 to 100,000+ households
- 24 to 36 months
- optional sub-daily load and dispatch tables
- richer degradation and replacement logic