#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
scrape_flights.py — Fetch all flight logs from RocketReviews.com and scrape
each detail page, saving structured JSON to source/flights/.

The index is fetched from a single date-range endpoint that returns all
flights at once. Detail pages are scraped only for flights that have an
image/detail URL. Flights without a detail page are saved with index fields
only and detail fields set to null.

Output
------
    source/flights/index.jsonl        one record per flight (raw index fields)
    source/flights/detail/{id}.json   full parsed detail per flight

Usage
-----
    python scripts/flights/01_scrape.py
    python scripts/flights/01_scrape.py --delay 1.0 --limit 10
    python scripts/flights/01_scrape.py --force   # re-scrape existing files
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import json
import logging
import re
import sys
import time
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Config
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

BASE_URL = "https://www.rocketreviews.com"
USER_AGENT = "RocketReviews-Dataset/1.0"
DEFAULT_DELAY = 1.0

# Fetch all flights from the earliest recorded date to today
_TODAY = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
INDEX_URL = f"{BASE_URL}/data/flightlog/flightdates.php?search=2000-01-01:{_TODAY}"

ROOT = Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent
SOURCE_DIR = ROOT / "source" / "flights"
DETAIL_DIR = SOURCE_DIR / "detail"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Logging
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s",
    handlers=[logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)],
)
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# HTTP session
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _build_session() -> requests.Session:
    s = requests.Session()
    s.headers["User-Agent"] = USER_AGENT
    retry = Retry(
        total=3,
        backoff_factor=2.0,
        status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504],
        allowed_methods=["GET"],
    )
    s.mount("https://", HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry))
    s.mount("http://", HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry))
    return s


class RateLimiter:
    def __init__(self, delay: float) -> None:
        self.delay = delay
        self._last: float = 0.0

    def wait(self) -> None:
        elapsed = time.monotonic() - self._last
        if elapsed < self.delay:
            time.sleep(self.delay - elapsed)
        self._last = time.monotonic()


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Parsing helpers
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _re_first(pattern: str, text: str, group: int = 1) -> Optional[str]:
    m = re.search(pattern, text)
    return m.group(group) if m else None


def _after_strong(soup: BeautifulSoup, label: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Find '<strong>{label}:</strong>' and return the text immediately after it,
    stopping at the next <strong> tag.
    """
    strong = soup.find("strong", string=re.compile(rf"^{label}:?$", re.I))
    if not strong:
        return None
    text = ""
    for sib in strong.next_siblings:
        if isinstance(sib, Tag) and sib.name == "strong":
            break
        text += sib.get_text() if isinstance(sib, Tag) else str(sib)
    return text.strip() or None


def _parse_altitude(raw: Optional[str]) -> Optional[float]:
    """
    Parse altitude from the raw index string. Returns feet as a float or None.

    Handles:
        "16,504 Feet"   -> 16504.0
        "600-700 Feet"  -> 650.0  (midpoint of range)
        "-"             -> None
    """
    if not raw or raw.strip() == "-":
        return None
    cleaned = raw.replace(",", "").lower()
    # Range: "600-700 feet" -> midpoint
    m = re.search(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*-\s*(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)", cleaned)
    if m:
        return (float(m.group(1)) + float(m.group(2))) / 2
    # Single value
    m = re.search(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)", cleaned)
    return float(m.group(1)) if m else None


def _parse_conditions(soup: BeautifulSoup) -> dict:
    """Extract weather conditions from labeled strong fields."""
    wind_speed_raw = _after_strong(soup, "Wind Speed")
    wind_speed = None
    if wind_speed_raw:
        m = re.search(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)", wind_speed_raw)
        wind_speed = float(m.group(1)) if m else None

    wind_dir_raw = _after_strong(soup, "Wind Direction")
    wind_dir = None
    if wind_dir_raw:
        # "From the WSW" -> "WSW"
        m = re.search(r"from\s+the\s+(\w+)", wind_dir_raw, re.I)
        wind_dir = m.group(1).upper() if m else wind_dir_raw.strip()

    temp_raw = _after_strong(soup, "Temperature")
    temp = None
    if temp_raw:
        m = re.search(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)", temp_raw)
        temp = float(m.group(1)) if m else None

    return {
        "wind_speed_mph": wind_speed,
        "wind_direction": wind_dir,
        "temperature_f": temp,
    }


def _parse_notes(soup: BeautifulSoup) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Extract the narrative flight description. Notes appear as plain <p> tags
    in the main content area with no section heading.
    """
    paragraphs = [
        p.get_text(strip=True)
        for p in soup.find_all("p")
        if len(p.get_text(strip=True)) > 20
    ]
    return " ".join(paragraphs) if paragraphs else None


def _parse_rocket_url(html: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Extract the URL for the flyer's specific rocket instance.
    These use a 12-digit timestamp-based suffix, e.g.:
        /aerospace-specialty-products-sky-ferry-250708140332.html
    """
    m = re.search(r'href="(/[a-z][a-z0-9-]+-\d{10,}\.html)"', html)
    return f"{BASE_URL}{m.group(1)}" if m else None


def _parse_motor_url(html: str, motors: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Extract the motor product page URL using the first motor designation
    as a search anchor. Motor URLs embed the designation slug, e.g.:
        /estes-d12-5112.html  for motor "D12-5"
    """
    if not motors:
        return None
    # Use the first motor designation (split on + for multi-motor configs)
    first_motor = motors.split("+")[0].strip()
    slug = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]+", "-", first_motor.lower()).strip("-")
    # Match a link href containing the motor slug prefix
    m = re.search(
        rf'href="(/[a-z0-9-]*{re.escape(slug[:6])}[a-z0-9-]*\.html)"',
        html,
    )
    return f"{BASE_URL}{m.group(1)}" if m else None


def _parse_detail(html: str, index_rec: dict) -> dict:
    """Parse a flight detail page into a structured record."""
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
    image_path = index_rec.get("image", "")

    return {
        "id": int(index_rec["id"]),
        "url": f"{BASE_URL}{image_path}" if image_path else None,
        "date": index_rec.get("date"),
        "scraped_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
        "flyer": index_rec.get("flyer"),
        "rocket": index_rec.get("rocket"),
        "rocket_url": _parse_rocket_url(html),
        "kit": index_rec.get("kit") or None,
        "motors": index_rec.get("motors") or None,
        "motor_url": _parse_motor_url(html, index_rec.get("motors", "")),
        "altitude_raw": index_rec.get("altitude") or None,
        "altitude_ft": _parse_altitude(index_rec.get("altitude")),
        "launch_site": _after_strong(soup, "Launch Site"),
        "conditions": _parse_conditions(soup),
        "notes": _parse_notes(soup),
    }


def _index_only_record(index_rec: dict) -> dict:
    """
    Build a detail record from index fields only for flights that have no
    detail page. Detail-only fields are set to null.
    """
    return {
        "id": int(index_rec["id"]),
        "url": None,
        "date": index_rec.get("date"),
        "scraped_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
        "flyer": index_rec.get("flyer"),
        "rocket": index_rec.get("rocket"),
        "rocket_url": None,
        "kit": index_rec.get("kit") or None,
        "motors": index_rec.get("motors") or None,
        "motor_url": None,
        "altitude_raw": index_rec.get("altitude") or None,
        "altitude_ft": _parse_altitude(index_rec.get("altitude")),
        "launch_site": None,
        "conditions": {
            "wind_speed_mph": None,
            "wind_direction": None,
            "temperature_f": None,
        },
        "notes": None,
    }


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Fetch helpers
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def fetch_index(session: requests.Session) -> list[dict]:
    log.info("Fetching flight index from %s", INDEX_URL)
    resp = session.get(INDEX_URL, timeout=30)
    resp.raise_for_status()
    records = resp.json().get("records", [])
    log.info("Index returned %d records.", len(records))
    return records


def scrape_detail(
    session: requests.Session,
    rate: RateLimiter,
    index_rec: dict,
    force: bool = False,
) -> dict:
    flight_id = int(index_rec["id"])
    shard = f"{flight_id // 1000:03d}"
    shard_dir = DETAIL_DIR / shard
    dest = shard_dir / f"{flight_id:06d}.json"

    if dest.exists() and not force:
        log.debug("Already scraped %s, skipping.", flight_id)
        return None

    image_path = index_rec.get("image", "")
    if not image_path:
        # No detail page — save index-only record without making a request
        return _index_only_record(index_rec)

    url = f"{BASE_URL}{image_path}"
    rate.wait()

    try:
        resp = session.get(url, timeout=30)
        resp.raise_for_status()
    except requests.RequestException as exc:
        log.warning("Failed to fetch flight %s: %s", flight_id, exc)
        return _index_only_record(index_rec)

    return _parse_detail(resp.text, index_rec)


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def main() -> None:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Scrape RocketReviews.com flight logs.")
    parser.add_argument(
        "--delay",
        type=float,
        default=DEFAULT_DELAY,
        help=f"Seconds between requests (default: {DEFAULT_DELAY})",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--limit",
        type=int,
        default=None,
        help="Stop after scraping this many records (useful for testing)",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--force",
        action="store_true",
        help="Re-scrape flights that already have a saved detail file",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    SOURCE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    DETAIL_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    session = _build_session()
    rate = RateLimiter(args.delay)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Step 1: fetch and write the full index
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    records = fetch_index(session)

    scraped_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
    index_path = SOURCE_DIR / "index.jsonl"
    with index_path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        for rec in records:
            f.write(json.dumps({**rec, "scraped_at": scraped_at}) + "\n")
    log.info("Wrote %d index records to %s", len(records), index_path)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Step 2: scrape each detail page
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    if args.limit:
        records = records[: args.limit]

    ok = skipped = failed = 0
    total = len(records)

    for i, rec in enumerate(records, 1):
        result = scrape_detail(session, rate, rec, force=args.force)

        if result is None:
            skipped += 1
            continue

        flight_id = int(rec["id"])
        shard = f"{flight_id // 1000:03d}"
        shard_dir = DETAIL_DIR / shard
        shard_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        dest = shard_dir / f"{flight_id:06d}.json"
        
        try:
            dest.write_text(
                json.dumps(result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False), encoding="utf-8"
            )
            ok += 1
            log.debug("Saved %s", dest.name)
        except OSError as exc:
            log.warning("Could not write %s: %s", dest, exc)
            failed += 1

        if i % 25 == 0 or i == total:
            log.info(
                "Progress: %d/%d — ok=%d  skipped=%d  failed=%d",
                i,
                total,
                ok,
                skipped,
                failed,
            )

    log.info("Done — ok=%d  skipped=%d  failed=%d", ok, skipped, failed)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()