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9dd63e24-c2af-4862-8d27-52ea4a8d0d19 | Which of the following findings expected on microscopic examination of biopsy from hea bowing ventricular hyperophy With asymmetric septal thickening | Aschoff bodies | Disorganisation of myofibrils | infiltration by inflammatory cells | Localised fibrous scarring | 1b | single | Patients with chronic IHD typically exhibit left ventricular hyperophy. The endocardium generally show patchy , fibrous thickening and mural thromboi may present Robbins page no. 384 | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
39b85a9b-d2f7-4060-9285-ca96add7dfc3 | Which of the following is the mechanism of action of warfarin? | Activation of antithrombin lll | Fibrinolysis | Inhibition of antithrombin lll | Inhibition of synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X | 3d | single | Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor synthesis. These include factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and S. Warfarin acts to increase the prothrombin time. Factors XI and XII are not vitamin K-dependent factors. Therefore, warfarin does not inhibit their synthesis. Activation of antithromb... | Pharmacology | null |
921ccc2f-4c7f-41f0-baa0-216419f87ccc | All of the following are the indications of non invasive ventilation except | GCS <8 | Conscious and cooperative patient | COPD | ARDS | 0a | multi | Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the administration of ventilatory suppo without using an invasive aificial airway (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube). The use of noninvasive ventilation (see the video below) has markedly increased over the past two decades, and noninvasive ventilation has now become an int... | Anaesthesia | Modes of Ventilation |
cd23b8e9-11e7-47a9-a87c-07e309cfcd09 | Decreased plasma renin activity is seen in: | Primary hyperaldosteronism | Baer syndrome | Pregnancy induced Hypeension | Secondary aldosteronism | 0a | single | Primary hyperaldosteronism is due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or due to adrenal adenoma. Both these conditions are autonomous and lead to aldosterone production in excess. The R.A.A.S system negative feedback will result in decrease in renin production. Low renin Hypeension is a feature of primary hyperaldosteroni... | Medicine | Disorders of Adrenal Gland |
3e7b3276-5531-4eee-b302-5771fd7e2c74 | A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes CT guided aspiration, which results in growth of E-coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is: | Culture appropriate antibiotic therapy | ERCP with sphincterotomy | CT guided placement of drain(s) | Exploratory laparotomy | 3d | single | Exploratory laparotomy The presence of secondary pancreatic infection suspected in patients whose systemic inflammatory response (fever, WBC count or organ dysfunction) fails to resolve, CT-guided aspiration of fluid from pancreatic bed for performance of Gram's stain & culture analysis is of critical impoance. A posit... | Surgery | null |
91153f37-dc41-457e-b338-8d6d51ff1114 | which of the following is a SSRI | clomipramine | fluoxetine | milnacipran | trazadone | 1b | single | SSRI * IMPOANCE Most widely prescribed antidepressant * MECHANISM Specifically acts on serotonin transpoers and increases serotonin in synapse. DRUGS FLUOXETINE FLUVOXAMINE DAPOXETINE CITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM ESCITALOPRAM SERALINE PAROXETINE USE FLUOXETINE=============CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION FLUVOXAMINE===========OCD DAPOX... | Anatomy | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry |
39da6194-e889-475e-8f60-7fd534db254a | Drug used in hepatitis B infection is | Entecavir | Astacavir | Zanamivir | Abacavir | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Entecavir Treatment of acute hepatitis Hepatitis B - No treatment is required. Hepatitis C - Pegylated Interferon (PEG - IFN). Treatment of chronic hepatitis Hepatitis B - Lamivudin, entecavir (preferred) or interferon. Hepatitis C - Pegylated Interferon (PEG - IFN), entecavir plus ribavirin. | Pharmacology | null |
a5eadc98-7c65-4ead-8a7b-4d1e56b4ec5b | Precancerous condition of Ca stomach is - | Peptic ulcer | Chronic gastric atrophy | Achalasia cardia | Curling' s ulcer | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
519d8060-0842-4510-a88f-948fdec8a553 | Frey's syndrome is due to the involvement of- | Auriculotemporal nerve | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Vagus nerve | All | 0a | multi | null | ENT | null |
d455daf4-cfd0-42dc-a50c-24e90208851a | Commonest site of intestinal atresia is in the ? | Duodenum | Jeiunum | Ileum | Colon | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Duodenum | Surgery | null |
cd460ea0-6a86-482b-b2af-553ecd3277b1 | Which of the following is a myofunctional appliance? | Catalan's appliance | Hawley's appliance | Expansion screw | Derichsweiler appliance. | 0a | single | Catalans or lower anterior inclined plane appliance is used to treat cross bites. The inclined plane has a 450 angulation, which forces the maxillary teeth in cross bite to a more labial position. It is teeth supported functional appliance. Expansion screw and Derichsweiler are expansion appliances. | Dental | null |
26bb9c99-ae6b-4ca0-a843-59889b187ade | An Afroamerican boy of 6 years of age presented with abdominal pain, chronic hemolysis and abnormal RBC shape on peripheral smear. Most likely disorder responsible for this condition:(AIIMS November 2014. November 2013) | Point mutation | Trinucleotide repeat | Antibody against RBC membrane | Genomic imprinting | 0a | single | Ans. a. Point mutation (Ref: Ghai 7/e p310-312; Harper's 27/e p368-371; Robbins 9/e p635-638, 8/e p646)An afroamerican kid of 6 years of age presented with abdominal pain, chronic hemolysis and abnormal RBC shape on peripheral smear. This patient is suffering from sickle cell anemia. Most likely disorder responsible fo... | Pathology | Hemolytic anemia |
8e322a0e-441d-4dca-a790-98dea980a004 | Cnrnnonent of Advanced cardiovascular life suppo (ACLS) in accordance to AHA 2015 guideline: | Chest compression 100-150 per minute | Chest compression at least 5 cm/2 inch | Vasopressors is used to maintain MAP > 70 mmHg in non-responsive to fluids | 1 Breath every 8 seconds | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Chest compression at least 5 cm/2 inchBasic life suppo (BLS), advanced cardiovascular life suppo (ACLS), and post-cardiac arrest care all describe a set of skills and knowledge applied sequentially during the treatment of patients who have a cardiac arrest.ACLS comprises the level of care between BLS and post-c... | Anaesthesia | null |
29c56c36-7918-475a-aedd-d952e2204899 | Which of the following inhalational agent is contraindicated in a patient with history of epilepsy - | Isoflurance | Enflurane | Halothane | Sevoflurane | 1b | single | null | Anaesthesia | null |
a06e8b92-642c-4ef7-b104-c7a9e28f0822 | For split skin graft the best source is | Autograft | Homograft | Isograft | Xenograft | 0a | single | (A) Autograft # Autograft is skin graft taken from an uninjured part of body (e.g. thigh skin) and is used for skin grafting in same person.> It is the best skin graft for open wounds because of very high rate of successful grafting. | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
47a7d550-1128-4133-a88d-c3e95e76aa85 | The best treatment for Kawasaki disease is: | Aspirin | I.V. immunoglobulins | Coicosteroids | Methotrexate | 1b | single | Kawasaki disease causes inflammation in the walls of medium-sized aeries throughout the body. It primarily affects children. The inflammation tends to affect the coronary aeries, which supply blood to the hea muscle. Kawasaki disease is sometimes called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome because it also affects lymph no... | Pharmacology | Immunomodulators |
af78d7d3-cb7a-4c9e-ad22-cfe40be06df8 | Zafirlukast used in asthmatic patients acts by | Phosphodiesterase inhibition | Endothelium receptor blockage | Leukotriene receptor blockage | Lipoxygenase inhibitor | 2c | single | Drugs for Bronchial AsthmaMechanism of actionDrugsBronchodilators b2 sympathomimetics Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Ephedrine Methylxanthine Theophylline, Aminophylline, Choline theophyllineAnticholinergics Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium bromide Leukotriene antagonist Montelukast, Zafirl... | Anatomy | All India exam |
0750e7aa-5b9d-46cd-a003-8ebbfc327c5a | Perforated corneal ulcer gives rise to: September 2012 | Anterior capsular cataract | Posterior subcapsular cataract | Vossius ring | Rosette shaped cataract | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Anterior capsular cataract | Ophthalmology | null |
0a24032e-27c0-41af-ba27-d517336be129 | A patient develops an infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following drug cannot be used to treat the infection: | Vancomycin. | Cotrimoxazole. | Cefaclor. | Ciprofloxacin. | 2c | single | Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin and is not active against MRSA. | Pharmacology | null |
dd1dcff7-8669-438d-9fba-210f5297331c | Generalised hypercementosis seen in: | Paget's disease | Hypothyroidism | Trauma | All of the above | 0a | multi | null | Radiology | null |
27846fc3-5330-4fb0-bb12-f4d56d179e45 | any behaviour that is assosiated with cessation of aversive response is called as | punishment | positive reinforcrmrnt | omission | negative reinforcement | 3d | multi | Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an... | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry |
95d73851-2c6f-47d1-9470-558387c5f4a5 | Pomphylox affects ? | Palms & soles | Groin | Scalp | Trunk | 0a | single | Ans is 'a' i.e., Palms & soles POMPHOLYX An attack of pompholyx is characterized by the sudden onset of crops of clear vesicles, which appear 'sago-like'. Itching may be severe, preceding the eruption of vesicles. The attack subsides spontaneously in 2-3 weeks . In mild cases, only the sides of the fingers may be affec... | Skin | null |
5a31613f-0530-446a-bcf1-8f09e997687c | Kleine Levine syndrome is | Insomnia | Depression | Anxiety | Hypersomnia | 3d | single | Kleine Levin syndrome- is the best-recognized recurrent hypersomnia. It afflicts males in early adolescence. In its classic form, the recurrent episodes are associated with a) extreme sleepiness (18- to 20-hour sleep periods) b) voracious eating, c)hypersexuality, d) disinhibition (e.g., aggression). Episodes typically... | Psychiatry | All India exam |
51a610fe-0c90-488c-b944-6b27d1df1796 | The normal defensive mechanism for protection of gastric mucosa against acid-pepsin digestion include which of the following? | Secretion of bicarbonate into gastric mucosa | Adequate blood supply | Overproduction of PG by gastric epithelium | All of the above | 3d | multi | Prostaglandin is one of the impoant defensive mechanism against erosion of the gastric mucosa. Impaired production of PG will result in peptic ulcer formation. Defensive mechanisms may be divided into anatomic and physiologic types. Anatomic mechanisms are adequate blood supply, proper tight junctions between epithelia... | Physiology | null |
f4f01706-9bc3-4e82-bdeb-e85b3ebe83e3 | A 30 yrs woman 2+0, hypeension have menorrhagia. Which is best treatment for her aEUR' | Combined pills | MIRENA | Hysterectomy | Transcervical resection of endometrium | 1b | single | MIRENA [Ref- Dewhurst text book of Gynae & Obs 7/e p. 399-404; A Comprehensive textbook of Ohs & Gynae Saillma Gupta 140, 141, 1421 The question does not give any clue regarding the aetiology of menorrhagia, so most probably the women is having D.U.B. i.e., dysfunctional uterine bleeding. When a woman present with meno... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3622335f-0eb5-4403-92ce-1e74d00ac196 | A patient arrives in the emergency room in a coma and has a serum Ca 2+ of 4.5 mM. You sta a saline infusion of which of the following drugs | Ethacrynic acid | Calcitonin | Hydrochlorothiazide | Spironolactone | 0a | single | Loop diuretics such as ethacrynic acid , Furosemide increase the excretion of Ca 2+. Ref:- KD Tripathi | Pharmacology | Autacoids |
db71926d-1082-4ae5-8256-a8e639be5511 | Beta-blockers are used in all of the following conditions except:- | Essential tremors | AV block | Angina pectoris | Migraine prophylaxis | 1b | multi | Beta blockers are contra-indicated in AV block Beta-blockers are not given in AV blocks because they may precipitate and cause complete hea block USES OF BETA-BLOCKERS Cardiac (due to Beta 1 blockade) Extra cardiac (due to Beta 2 blockade) Hypeension PLAY : Performance anxiety , Pheochromocytoma (after a blockade) Clas... | Pharmacology | ANS |
1eb1362e-3c32-483c-98c3-cdd6e167221b | Muscle which dilates the palpebral apeure: | Orbicularis oculi | Orbicularis oris | Levator palpebrae superioris | Levator labii superioris | 2c | single | The levator palpebrae superioris muscle elevates and retracts the upper eyelid. | Anatomy | null |
f143ebc6-6f07-4b37-bf68-482bffbd392d | All are seen in acute HIV syndrome Except | Pneumonia | Lymphadenopathy | Myelopathy | Encephalitis | 0a | multi | Clinical findings in HIV syndromeGeneralNeurologicDermatologic1. Fever2. Pharyngitis3. Lymphadenopathy4. Headache/Retroorbital pain5. Ahralgias/myalgias6. Lethargy/Malaise7. Anorexia/Weight loss8. Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea1. Meningitis2. Encephalitis3. Peripheral neuropathy4. Myelopathy1. Erythematous maculopapular rash... | Medicine | Infection |
86c0377f-36a7-4993-a032-566e37a692d1 | A 40 year male has Hb-10 gm%, MCV-65 fL, RDW- 16% is, Platelet count 4.5 lac/mL. Additional finding is | Low serum transferrin | Increased iron binding capacity | Increased Hb A2 | Increased Serum copper | 1b | single | Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity The serum iron level represents the amount of circulating iron bound to transferrin. The TIBC is an indirect measure of the circulating transferrin. The normal range for the serum iron is 50-150 mg/dL; the normal range for TIBC is 300-360 mg/dL. Transferrin saturation, which i... | Medicine | C.V.S |
964d07d0-1a22-4163-a9d6-0493893c5dca | O2 dissociation curve shift to right in all except | Diabetic ketoacidosis | Blood transfusion | High altitude | Anaemia | 1b | multi | null | Physiology | null |
bdfbbae4-2d3f-4fb6-8c51-1302c7b74741 | Which of the following is false with regard to prevalence ? | It is a product of incidence and duration. | It can be determined by a cross-sectional studies. | It is a rate. | Prevalence is point prevalence unless otherwise specified. | 2c | multi | Prevalence:
Prevalence is defined as "the total number of all individuals who have an attribute or disease at a particular time (or during a particular period) divided by the population at risk of having the attribute or disease at this point in time or midway through the period.
Although referred to as ... | Dental | null |
038bdc89-5982-4d5a-81a7-43b18c9053a8 | All of the following relay in sensory cortex except | Pain | Temperature | Touch | Olfaction | 3d | multi | (D) Olfaction > The axons of the olfactory receptor neurons penetrate the cribriform plate and enter the olfactory bulb.> The 3 olfactory pathways that lead to the CNS are The pathway to the medial olfactory area anterior to the hypothalamus. The pathway to the lateral olfactory area of the pyriform cortex, which is th... | Physiology | Special Senses: Smell and Taste |
c6a2905e-ad17-4ff6-b07b-a5658f099ad6 | 5HT2A antagonist drug is ? | Clozapine | Cisapride | Sumatriptan | Ketanserin | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ketanserin | Pharmacology | null |
be57e3f9-b06f-4a9c-b248-f35f6eaae6fe | Topical immunomodulator used for the treatment of genital warts is : | Imiquimod | Podophyllin | Interferon | Acyclovir | 0a | single | Drugs used for viral warts (condyloma acuminata) are
Imiquimod: It is an immune response modifier, useful in the treatment of external genital and peri-anal warts topically. Mechanism of action against these HPV-induced lesions is unknown. 5% cream is applied 3 times weekly and washed off 6-10 hours after each applic... | Pharmacology | null |
a371af3f-b09b-4a0b-beae-201a3fcb4ac4 | Following can cause endometrial cancer: | Metropathia hemorrhagica | Gynandroblastoma | Dysgerminoma | All of the above | 0a | multi | Endometrial cancer is mainly caused by excessive estrogen
Metropathia hemorrhagica is the same as cystic glandular hyperplasia and is a causative factor for endometrial cancer. Ref Dutta Gynae 5th /ed p 184
Gynandroblastoma is a virilising tumor which secretes androgens (not estrogens) and so does not lead to endometr... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
9532816c-35d1-485a-8411-1cffb05261e5 | Beryllium expsore is associated with | Pulmonary fibrosis | Granulomatous lung disease | Lung cancer | Mesothelioma | 1b | single | Beryllium can produce a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that is similar to sarcoidosis.It is distinguished from sarcoidosis by evidence of a specific cell-mediated immune response(delayed hypersensitivity) to beryllium.Chest imaging shows nodules along septal lines.Pulmonary function tests show restrictive a... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
9c914e4b-49d2-4e82-a2a9-037239877689 | All the following are trace elements required by body except | Zinc | Copper | Selenium | Boron | 3d | multi | Major elements. Trace elements 1. Calcium. 1. Iron 2. Magnesium. 2. Iodine 3. Phosphorus. 3. Copper 4. Sodium. 4. Manganese 5. Potassium. 5. Zinc 6. Chloride. 6. Molybdenum 7. Sulfur. 7. Selenium 8. Fluoride.Ref: DM Vasudevan, page no: 411 | Biochemistry | nutrition and digestion |
2ef2cdc0-e638-4f84-87de-6a602b4918c9 | Which type of vaccine is MMR? | Live attenuated | Killed | Toxoid | Subunit | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) Live attenuatedREF: APPENDIX-46 below for "TYPES OF VACCINE"Live vaccines can me memorized as "BOMBEY-VT"; BCG, OPV (sabin), MMR (mumps, measles & rubella), Bubonic plague, epidemic typhus, yellow'- fever (17D), vaccinia,Oral Typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) APPENDIX - 46Types of VaccineTypeContentExamplesKilled vac... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Principles of Immunization and Vaccination |
d6984e31-4130-43aa-8bdf-e9ec5359444f | The following host tissue responses can be seen in acute infection, except? | Exudation | Vasodilation | Margination | Granuloma formation | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Granuloma formationRef: Robbiris pathology 9th ed. 197* Granuloma formation is characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation and is not seen in acute inflammation.* Vasodilation, increase in permeability, exudation, margination, rolling etc. are seen in acute inflammation. | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
3be0217f-9e36-475e-aa48-556b229c8bc3 | Patient having fibroma of size 1.5 cm over the floor of the mouth, recommended biopsy: | Excisional biopsy | Incisional biopsy | Punch biopsy | Brush biopsy | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
df75fbce-783e-4e62-a4d2-f7c887e969fc | What does not make diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule | Tuberculoma | Bronchial adenoma | Hamaoma | Neurofibroma | 3d | single | D i.e. Neurofibroma Primary complex in TB, produce solitary pulmonary nodule. Bronchial adenoma & Pulmonary hamaoma mostly produce solitary nodules d/ t their benign nature. Neurofibroma is almost always present at multiple foci. It is impoant to note that Hamaoma produces non cavitatory lesions. | Radiology | null |
090fbe39-5d76-4e29-bbc1-ffca2f769125 | Commonest complication of parenteral nutrition includes all except: March 2007 | Hyperglycemia | Hyperkalemia | Hyperosmolar dehydration | Azotemia | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Hyperkalemia Parenteral nutrition is indicated to prevent the adverse effects of malnutrition in patients who are unable to obtain adequate nutrients by oral or enteral routes. Other indications are sho gut syndrome, high-output fistula, prolonged ileus, or bowel obstruction. Sho-term TPN may be used if a perso... | Surgery | null |
3cb2d51b-404f-403a-a07d-fb8716c88f9e | 35-year-old c/o fever, severe abdominal pain in epigastrium radiating to the back with a h/o binge drinking. Pulse is 120 bpm, BP is 90/60 mm Hg. CT Abdomen (P+C) was done. Most likely diagnosis is(AIIMS 2016) | Peptic ulcer | Acute pancreatitis | Chronic calcific pancreatitis | Acute cholecystitis | 1b | single | Ans. B Acute pancreatitisObserve a bulky pancreas with fuzzy margins and adjacent fat stranding - s/o Acute pancreatitis. CE-CT scan is IOC. Balthazar grading systemQ and CT Severity Index (CTSI)Q are used for prognosis. | Radiology | G.I.T. |
71af1f2a-e412-406d-a1ac-6c5d42adda6a | A new born child has not passed meconium for 48 hrs. What is the diagnostic procedure of choice ? | USG | Contrast enema | CT | MRI | 1b | single | A plain radiograph commonly shows signs of small bowel obstruction and a soft-tissue opacity. Diagnosis can be confirmed by an abdominal ultrasound scan or contrast enema. Ref: Bailey & Love&;s Sho Practice of Surgery,E25,Page-80 | Surgery | G.I.T |
58b906ff-cc69-48ca-ba77-b7688ba49893 | A 25 year old male is undergoing incision and drainage of abscess under general anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration. The most efficient anaesthetic circuit is – | Maplelson A | Mapleson B | Mapleson C | Mapleson D | 0a | single | null | Anaesthesia | null |
45f2ebf3-c7fe-46f5-bb15-37e3cbd14ab8 | Site of maximum absortion of Iron | Duodenum | Jejunum | Ileum | Colon | 0a | single | Mnemonic
Iron - Roman number One
So maximum absorption in first part of small intestine. i.e: Duodenum. | Biochemistry | null |
7e111e3c-b85d-4344-b80f-1a024b5ec050 | Conn's syndrome is | Primary hyperaldosteronism | Secondary hyperaldosteronism | Primary hypoaldosteronism | Secondary hypoaldosteronism | 0a | single | Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome ) is defined by hypeension, as a result of hypersecretion of aldosterone. In PHA, plasma renin activity is suppressed.The most frequent cause of Primary hyperaldosteronism is a unilateral adrenocoical adenoma. Apa from hypeension, patients complain of non-specific symptoms: h... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
ecbbb0c8-f520-4f65-8339-954246d26cb3 | Which of the following drugs in NOT recommended for intracheal administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation – | Atropine | Sodium bicarbonate | Adrenaline | Lignocaine | 1b | single | Intratracheal drugs during CPR :- Adrenaline, atropine, lignocaine, naloxone. | Anaesthesia | null |
a9443a3a-c1ca-40a5-a175-5075439ccc0b | Fibrous pericardium is attached to | Central tendon | Right crus | Left crus | Pleura | 0a | single | Fibrous pericardium base is broad and inseparably blended with the central tendon of the diaphragm.Ref: BD Chaurasia; Volume I; 6th Edition; Page no: 249 | Anatomy | Thorax |
04cbcadc-7c5d-4690-8a15-a42d83d2259f | There was a sudden increases in the size of thyroid swelling along with pain. Most likely cause is ? | Hemorrhage within the cyst (Thyroid) | Malignant change | Nodular goiter | Colloid goiter | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hemorrhage within the cyst (thyroid) | Surgery | null |
b74e0e0a-bebe-46a1-a7a3-069c6fd957f4 | Which of the following is the second most common congenital defect in entire spectrum of congenital deformities? | Clubfoot | Cleft lip and palate | Osteogenesis imperfecta | Ectodermal dysplasia | 1b | single | Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital defect of facial structures and the second most congenital defect in the entire spectrum of congenital deformities (first common is clubfoot). | Dental | null |
b49ae60e-2315-4d7c-956f-c9b7ec9a7900 | Bird beak sign on barium swallow is seen in? | Achlasia cardia | Carcinoma esophagus | Hiatus hernia | Nut cracker esophagus | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Achlasia cardia * "Bird beak appearance on barium study is seen in achlasia cardia.Important esophageal signs on radiographySignConditionRat tail appearance of esophagusEsophageal carcinomaMega-esophagus (sigmoid esophagus)"Bird beak" appearanceHurst phenomenonAchlasia cardiaYo-Yo motion of barium"Cor... | Radiology | G.I.T. |
5da3755d-a022-43e2-a3b2-5ba815a25453 | Dietary fibre contain | Collagen | Pectin | Proteoglycans | Starch | 1b | single | Dietary fibre contains remnants of plant cells resistant to hydrolysis by the enzymes of alimentary canal. Fibre is basically composed of 2 categories : 1. Water insoluble components. 2 . Warer soluble components. 1. Water insoluble : Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin 2. Water soluble : Pectins, Mucilagesn, Gums. | Biochemistry | nutrition and digestion |
364e3825-113e-416b-95af-964ffd40906a | All the follow ing are used in theTreatment of Enuresis except | Desmopressin | Imipramine | Nortrptiline | Spironolactone | 3d | multi | (D) Spironolactone# Enuresis:> Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (PNE) is when a child has not yet stayed dry on a regular basis. Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis is when a child or adult begins wetting again after having stayed dry.> Treatment options with high success rates> Waiting Almost all children will outgrow bedwetting. ... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
ce188f27-01b6-44bd-a870-9a97b11a9c10 | Plasrnacytoid lymphomas may be associated with - | IgG | IgM | IgA | IgE | 1b | single | Plasmacytoid lymphoma is lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.Its a B cell neoplasm in adults.Most commonly the plasma cell component secretes monoclonal IgM,often in amount sufficient to cause a hyperviscosity syndrome, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Ref:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease.South Asia Edition-9; volume... | Pathology | Haematology |
08930aeb-0d78-4b89-9dba-a9b60c0fa018 | An 18 yrs old boy comes to the eye casualty with history of injury with a tennis ball. On examination, there is no perforation but there is hyphema. The most likely source of the blood is | Iris vessels | Circular iridis major | Sho posterior ciliary vessels | Circular iridis major | 1b | multi | . | Physiology | All India exam |
48cda159-bf92-4072-89e6-6d5fc58b500d | Which of following is not a permanent mucosal fold? | Spiral valve of Heister | Gastric rugae | Plica circularis | Transverse rectal fold | 1b | single | Gastric rugae of the stomach and longitudinal folds in the mucosa of upper rectum and colon are temporary mucosal folds and are obliterated by distension. Whereas, plica circularis of the small intestine, crescentic mucosal folds of cystic duct (spiral valve of Heister), transverse (horizontal) rectal folds (Houston's ... | Anatomy | null |
b6ec14d6-ece8-42de-9649-e8bc78c451e8 | The Hb level is healthy women has mean 13.5 g/dl and standard detion 1.5 g/dl, what is the Z score for a woman iwht Hb level 15.0 g/dl- | 9 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3d | single | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 849 Z score = (individual value - mean) / SD =(15-13.5)/1.5= 1 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
01f2b1fc-f248-4385-afef-4ee09b93044d | True about Wegener's granulomatosis is | Large vessel vasculitis | Granulomas in GBM | Nephrosclerosis | Focal necrotizing GN | 3d | multi | Triad of WG: a. Acute necrotizing granulomas of respiratory tract b. Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels c. Focal necrotizing often crescentic GN | Physiology | All India exam |
748a6a2a-862d-418e-91a1-26a672867b2f | True about GIST all except - | Most common in duodenum | Necrosis and ulceration present | PET is used to assess response to therapy | Well circumscribed | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Most common in duodenum o Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTS) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract and are most frequently located in the stomach (60%-70%).o In 1983, Mazur and Clark coined the term GIST to indicate a distinctive subgroup of GI mesenchymal tumor, which could be cl... | Surgery | Small Intestine - Small Bowel Tumors |
5b1e2c8f-6fe1-444e-a1de-b6d98369d52d | Oligohydramnios is associated with : | Neural tube defects | Renal agenesis | Postmature bih | Premature bih | 1b | single | Etiology of oligohydramnios: Intrauterine growth restriction Post-term pregnancy Premature rupture of membranes Drugs like ACE inhibitors and prostaglandin inhibitors Renal anomalies Renal Agenesis Infantile polycystic kidney disease urinary tract obstruction (refer pgno:216 Sheila 2nd edition) | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
22e99b89-e3e5-41a5-b495-1bd2f46a53a7 | The property of an index to measure what is intended to measure is known as | Validity | Reliability | Quantifiabitity | Sensitivity | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
0c9e0ae9-ef66-4743-a3b2-f2d1c6ba6d76 | Schaumann bodies are seen in | Sarcoidosis | Chronic bronchitis | Asthma | Syphilis | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
04ae743d-edd2-4c91-8b2b-09cd1d4b8abf | Dantrolene acts on - | Raynodine receptor | Cannabinoid receptor | Both of the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raynodine receptor Dantroleneo Dantrolene is a directly acting skeletal muscle relaxant,o Mechanism of actionNormally excitation (depolarization of end plate) is coupled with contraction by Ca+2 - Excitation contraction coupling.Dantrolone acts on Ryanodine receptors (RyR) Calcium channels in sarcopla... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
ec8fc07c-0015-4884-9964-31f03ca97e05 | A study revealed lesser incidence of carcinoma colon in pure vegetarians than non-vegetarians by which it was concluded that b-carotene is protective against cancer. This may not be true because the vegetarian subjects may be consuming high fibre diet which is protective against cancer. This is an example of: | Multifactorial causation | Causal association | Confounding factor | Common association | 2c | multi | Ans is 'c' i.e. Confounding factor In an epidemiological study, in addition to the exposures that the study is investigating, there may be other factors that is associated with the exposure and independently affects the risk of developing disease. If the prevalence of these other factors differ between groups being com... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
d265d7a1-607b-4905-a015-1339dcd259de | Which drug is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulphonamides - | Brizolamide | Brimonidine | Zonisamide | Bimatoprost | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Zonisamideo Zonisamide is a sulfonamide medication used for the treatment of seizures. It has been associated with severe skin reactions, those typically seen with sulfa reactions. This medication should not be used in sulfa-allergic patients. | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
6fc126b0-6828-4da0-966e-efd2c3a7ade0 | The best prognosis in carcinoma stomach is with: | Superficial spreading type | Ulcerative type | Linitis plastic type | Polypoidal type | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Superficial spreading typeRef: Sabiston 20th Edition, Page 1214* Good prognosis is superficial spreading type and bad prognosis is Linitis Plastica type. | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum |
558b14f9-4957-46e1-92b3-7adf57f5324f | The fouh hea sound is caused by? | Closureiof the aoic and pulmonary valves | Vibrations inihe ventricular wall during systole | Ventricula filling | Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves | 2c | multi | A fouh hea sound is common in persons who derive benefit from atrial contraction for ventricular filling as a result of decreased ventricular wall compliance and increased resistance to ventricular filling. For example, a fouh hea sound is often heard in older patients with left ventricular hyperophy.Ref: Guyton and Ha... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
25d210a2-6a0c-430a-942a-248bc7919f82 | Thyroid carcinoma with pulsating vascular, skeletal metastasis is | Follicular | Anaplastic | Medullary | Papillary | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
e3a2b302-676f-4aff-bde1-f31483b53c29 | True about IgM is: September 2005 | Mediates Prausnitz-kustner reaction | Primary response | Transpoed across placenta | Secondary response | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Primary response IgM is the immediate antibody that is produced once a human body is exposed to bacteria, virus or a toxin.Their demonstration in the serum indicates recent infections. IgG is found throughout the body, mainly in most of the bodily fluids, while IgM is found mainly in the blood and lymphatic flu... | Microbiology | null |
c76761cd-9a9d-4b90-8410-4cdecd713a6e | All are macrophages except- | Histocytes | Kupffer cells | Lymphocytes | Osteoclasts | 2c | multi | Mononuclear macrophages
o Blood macrophages → Monocytes
o Tissue macrophages → Histocytes
o Lung → Alveolar macrophages
o Brain → Microglia
o Liver → Kupjfer cells
o Bone → Osteoclasts
o Kidney → Mesangial cells | Pathology | null |
97000d9e-e725-4572-8597-9cbbc54fa298 | Ascent of horse shoe shaped kidney is prevented by | Superior mesenteric aery | Inferior mesenteric aery | Superior mesenteric vein | Inferior mesenteric vein | 1b | single | Initialy in IUL(intrauterine life) kidneys are present in iliac fossa , Kidney has to reach the level of renal aery which is prevented by inferior mesenteric aery which is a branch of abdominal aoa. Fusion of right and left kidney occurs to form a U shaped structure at the level below inferior mesenteric aery. | Anatomy | GIT 1 |
f8132a7a-ba13-4503-bd2a-e8f41ce4c27f | Males who are sexually underdeveloped with rudimentary testes and prostate glands, sparse pubic and facial hair, long arms and legs and large hands and feet are likely to have the chromosome complement of: | 45, XYY | 46, XY | 47, XXY | 45, X0 | 2c | multi | Klinefelter syndrome. Extra X chromosome, so they are 47 XXY or 46XY/47 XXY mosaics. Male phenotype Hypogonadism | Secondary sexual characteristics Dispropoionately long arms and legs. | Pathology | Genetics |
2ff372ab-4f2c-4723-9e8d-657cfce91928 | Which among the following drugs is used in ectopic pregnancy? | Mifepristone | Misoprostol | Methotrexate | Oxytocin | 2c | single | Ans c Ref Williams Obstetrics page 247Tanaka & associates first used methotrexate to treat an interstitial preg-nancy and then it has been used successfully with ectopic pregnancy. Patient selectionInitial S. B hcg < lOOOmlU/ml-minimum failure rate size-ectopic mass<3.5cmFetal cardiac activity is a relative contraindic... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
15a6c23b-148e-41d2-9c8a-91d24e175a93 | Features seen in a patient with chronic vomiting are all EXCEPT: March 2013 | Hyponatremia | Hypochloremia | Metabolic acidosis | Hypokalemia | 2c | multi | Ans. C i.e. Metabolic acidosis | Medicine | null |
79cc1c4c-8b01-43eb-a7a6-4c103cdee3c7 | Antrochoanal polyp opens In which meatus: | Middle meatus | Superior meatus | Inferior meatus | Sphenoethmoidal recess | 0a | single | Ans: A Middle Meatus Ref: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./ 173-75* ANTROCHOANAL POLYP most commonly seen in children. They are unilateral, usually arises from the mucosa of maxillary antrum near its accessory ostium comes out of it & grows in the chonna & nasal cavity.* Maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus. | ENT | Nose and PNS |
61965558-3501-4df7-a6ec-214bff214b60 | MHC restriction is a pa of all except - | Antiviral cytotoxic T cell | Antibacterial helper T cell/cytotoxic cells | Allograft rejection | Autoimmune disorder | 3d | multi | . Autoimmune disorder | Pathology | null |
33b324cc-c1ee-4da4-a4b3-e04badd5b16b | A young female presents with history of dyspnoea on exeion. On examination, she has wide, fixed split S2 with ejection systolic murmur (IIINI) in left second intercostal space. Her EKG shows left axis detion. The most probable diagnosis is : | Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage | Tricuspid atresia. | Ostium primum atrial septal defect. | Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary aerial hypeension. | 2c | single | Answer is C (Ostium primum atrial septal defect) Wide fixed splitting of S2 with ejection systolic murmur in left 2" intercostal space points towards the diagnosis of atrial septal defect.. Presence of left axis detion indicates an ostium primum 4SD. Clinical picture in ASD : Sounds S1Accentuated (Loud) S2 wide fixed s... | Medicine | null |
9d605aab-94ce-4382-9815-2568eab76ab9 | At what gestation does the switchover from fetal to adult hemoglobin synthesis begin - | 30 weeks | 36 weeks | 7 days postnatal | 3 weeks postnatal | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 36 weeks Fetal Hb - (a2, g2)Adults Hb - (a2, b2,)During the initial fetal life, the major hemoglobin synthesized in the body is fetal hemoglobin, because in fetus, the chain synthesized predominantly is the g chain.b chain is present in only trace amount in early embryosThe rate of synthesis of g and ... | Pediatrics | Hematopoietic System |
9b2866c8-75b3-4be9-8a13-8dccc8e55906 | A 40-year old male with diabetes presents with vitreous hemorrhage. What is the cause? | Posterior retinal detachment | Neovascularization at disc | Central retinal vein occlusion | Trauma to central retinal artery | 1b | single | Ans. b. Neovascularization at disc (Ref: Kanski 5/e p447-449; Khurana 4/260-262, 3rd/256-258; Parson's 21/307, 20/e p294-299)In diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization caused by vasculoformative substance elaborated by hypoxic retinal tissue in an attempt to revascularize retina, seen especially at disc (neovasculariz... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous Haemorrhage Vitrectomy |
cabfbdd5-b098-4a4d-8807-f73e04c77435 | Satiety centre is located at- | Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus | Dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus | Peritrigonal area | Lateral nucleus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus * Satiety center - Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus.* Feeding center - Lateral nucleus of hypothalamus. | Physiology | Nervous System |
013c95d9-483d-4172-a023-73e2050918f5 | Best radiological view for diagnosis of fracture scaphoid is: | Anteroposterior | Lateral | Oblique | Any of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. Oblique | Radiology | null |
92fbce18-2b62-4001-abae-12e22e785956 | Type-I hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by:- | Elevated LDL | Elevated lipoprotein lipase | Elevated cholesterol | Elevated triglycerides in plasma | 3d | single | Hyperlipoproeinemia Type Increased plasma lipoproteins Increased plasma lipid (most) Probable metabolic defect I Chylomicrons Triacyglycerols Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase IIa LDL Cholesterol Deficiency of LDL receptors IIb LDL and VLDL Triacylglycerols and cholesterol Overproductionn of apo-B III IDL Triacylglycero... | Biochemistry | NEET 2019 |
c29ecf5f-4f5c-4dda-92ed-3164a9c42f20 | Earliest finding in diabetic nephropathy | Shrunken kidney is hallmark | Fibrin caps | Elevated serum Creatinine | Urine albumin > 300mg/ 24 hrs | 3d | multi | Diagnosis and screening of Diabetic nephropathy Microalbuminuria is the presence in the urine of small amounts of albumin, at a concentration below that detectable using a standard urine dipstick. Ove nephropathy is defined as the presence of macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin > 300 mg/24 hrs, detectable on urine dipsti... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
f4c4b6a0-8935-4f76-8800-fce01c0ac9bc | All of the following drugs are commonly used in regimens against H. pylori except - | Oxytetracycline | Amoxicillin | Bismuth subcitrate | Omeprazole | 0a | multi | <p>Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *Drugs used amoxicillin,clarithromycin,metronidazole for 7 days. *Amoxicillin ,omeprazole,bismuth subcitrate and tetracycline.</p > | Medicine | G.I.T |
d6745d76-60f4-47ed-a803-26404156c0d8 | According to Pugh's classification moderate to severe hepatic insufficiency is managed by ? | Sclerotherapy | Conservative | Ohotopic liver transplantation | Shunt surgery | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' ie. Ohoptic liver transplantation Child-Pugh's classification is used to assess the status of pt. of liver cirrhosis. A liver cirrhotic pt. having variceal bleeding or ascites can be controlled by shunt surgery only if he falls in ChildPugh's 'A' class (or some pts. of B class). Moderate to severe grade liv... | Surgery | null |
f9ef78ff-387c-440c-acb0-35554c2681dc | A patient on total parenteral nutrition for 20 days presents with weakness, veigo and convulsions. Diagnosis is | Hypermagnesemia | Hypomagnesemia | Hypercalcemia | Hypocalcemia | 1b | single | Clinical features for complications of Parenteral Nutrition Hypomagnesemia Weakness, muscle cramps and tremors Marked neuromuscular and CNS hyperirritability with jerking and nystagmus Hyperkalemia Interferes with neuromuscular function to produce muscle weakness which may progress to flaccid paralysis and hypoventilat... | Anatomy | General surgery |
58804170-9187-4c4a-b762-20200e9dc6c0 | Following are the laboratory tests for the diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction except ? | Electronystagmography | Optokinetic test | Galvanic test | Gelle's test | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Gelle's test Vestibular system The vestibular system contributes to balance and to the sense of spatial orientation. It is a sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance. It includes the labyrinth (semicircular canals and otolith : utricle & sacules) of the... | ENT | null |
dd9d5a74-43b9-488f-b87f-662573c4f21a | The antiepileptic Drugs Which does not produce enzymes induction is: | Phenobarbitone | Sodium valproate | Phenytoin sodium | Carbamazepine | 1b | single | Ref: KDT 6/e p27,408 Most anticonvulsants are enzyme inducers except valproate (inhibitor). | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
f1a4f99e-deae-4199-927f-60e8e9db4f5b | Which immunogloblin is least impoant in human being - | IgE | IgD | IgG | IgA | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., lgD | Microbiology | null |
0e56aa27-d39d-47f6-ba88-2461c8f736ad | Mutton fat keratic precipitate is seen in - | Posterior uveitis | Granulomatous uveitis | Non-granulomatous uveitis | Choroiditis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Granulomatous uveitis o Mutton fat keratic precipitate and Busacca's nodule are seen in granulomatous uveitis,o KPs are proteinaceous cellular deposits occuring at the back of cornea (corneal endothelial deposits).Keratic precipitates (KPs)o KPs are proteinaceous cellular deposits occurring at the bac... | Ophthalmology | Uveal Tract |
7964717f-bd91-45b1-a0a0-a4722409ac57 | True about propofol: | Indicated in egg allergy | Can be used in porphyria | It is of barbiturate group | All | 1b | multi | B i.e. Can be used in porphyria | Anaesthesia | null |
c690cbb9-8e89-4248-9468-f98b90763206 | Which set of fatty acids is most effective increasing the cholesterol levels? | Linoleic and linolenic | Myristic and palmitic | Butyric and stearic | Oleic and palmitic | 1b | single | Lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), and palmitic (16:0) acids raise cholesterol levels and are found primarily in animal fat and dairy products. Palmitic acid, the fatty acid that most effectively raises serum cholesterol levels, is also the major fatty acid found in palm and coconut oils. Stearic acid and fatty acids that... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
877400a4-3e18-4da1-bf20-6c5a52597a9f | Posterior cord of brachial plexus is formed by? | Ventral division of upper trunk | Dorsal division of upper trunk | Ventral divisions of upper, middle & lower trunks | Dorsal divisions of upper, middle & lower trunks | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd'i.e., Dorsal divisions of upper, middle & lower trunks | Anatomy | null |
b7726f76-73a4-43d2-9897-4ef39ef86e60 | Which is not a side effect of dapsone ? | Hemolytic anemia | Myopathy | Hepatitis | Infectious mononucleosis type syndrome | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b i.e., Myopathy Adverse effects of dapsone The most common adverse effect of dapsone is hemolytic anaemia (Patients with G-6-PP deficiency are more susceptible). Second most common adverse effect is methemoglobinemia. Other side effects are - Nausea, anorexia, headache, paresthesia, drug fever, mental symptom... | Pharmacology | null |
d6a05495-26cf-495f-b727-901061b6b1d2 | Which of the following statement about the nerve supply of palate is NOT TRUE? | Pharyngeal plexus supply muscles of soft palate | Tensor veli palatini is supplied by mandibular nerve | Anterior branch of pterygopalatine ganglion supplies soft palate | Middle and posterior lesser palatine nerves supply soft palate and tonsil | 2c | multi | "Greater or anterior palatine branches of pterygopalatine ganglion supplies hard palate and lateral wall of the nose while the lesser or middle and posterior palatine nerve supply the soft palate and tonsils". All the muscles of the soft palate except tensor veli palatini are supplied by pharyngeal plexus (fibers of th... | Anatomy | null |
ebaef986-3ac2-446c-a316-10fda1fc1e6a | True about criggler najjar type-II syndrome is ? | Diglucuronide deficiency | Recessive trait | Kernicterus is seen | Phenobarbitone not useful | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diglucuronide deficiency | Pediatrics | null |
a76f5d22-7c83-4d92-917e-e8dd523e4a91 | A 45-year-old farmer complains of headache. Neurologic examination reveals pronator drift and mild hemiparesis on the right side. The patient's eyes and head are turned to the left side, and papilledema is visible on the left side. The lesion is most likely in which of the following coices? | Frontal | Insular | Occipital | Parietal | 0a | single | Pronator drift and hemiparesis are frontal lobe signs. - Frontal eye field -> area no 8. Controls: Lateral conjugate gaze. Destruction - results in turning of the head and eyes toward the side of the lesion. Stimulation - results in contralateral turning of the eyes and head. | Anatomy | Development of nervous system and cerebrum |
bc2461f8-6784-4deb-ab7f-faba9da7e2d4 | 30 years old female presents in gynaec OPD with complaints of recurrent aboions and menorahagia. Her USG showed 2 sub-serosal fibroids of 3 x 4 cm on anterior wall of uterus and fundus, which is best line of management:- | TAH with BSO | Myolysis | Myomectomy | Uterine aery embolisation (UAE) | 2c | multi | Laparoscopic myomectomy is best treatment for such young infeile patients, but it requires subserosal pedunculated fibroids and surgical expeise. Hysterectomy is advisable in patients who had completed their family. Myolysis is myoma coagulation with laparoscopic lasers. (Nd- YAG) or bipolar needle & used in perimenopa... | Surgery | null |
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