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31ddd4c0-b977-4bad-b02f-e21f02c1d64c | Opioid analgesics used in treatment of cough? | Noscapine | Dextromethorphan | Codeine | Meperidine | 2c | single | Ans. c (Codeine). (Ref: KD Tripathi, Pharmacology, 5th ed., 424)Codeine or its substitutes are widely used in treatment for suppressing, dry irritating cough.Following are anti-tussives (cough centre supressants).a.Opioidcodeine, pholcodeine, ethyl morphine and morphineb.Non-opioidNoscapine, dextrometharphan, oxeladine... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
e1741ffb-995f-4f37-a310-306a73dcc0f8 | The following features of panophthalmitis differentiate it from endophthalmitis except: | Presence of pus in the anterior chamber | Proptosis | Limited and painful ocular movements | Complete loss of vision | 0a | multi | Ans. Presence of pus in the anterior chamber | Ophthalmology | null |
e49674dc-10c5-4d6f-93fa-f6adaa74030d | Which of the following is the embryological origin of ciliary muscle? | Surface ectoderm | Neural crest mesenchyme | Endoderm | Neuroectoderm | 3d | single | The ciliary muscle and blood vessels are derived from neural crest mesenchyme. Derivatives of neural crest:Corneal keratocytesEndothelium of the cornea and the trabecular meshworkStroma of the iris and choroidCiliary muscleFibroblasts of the scleraVitreousOptic nerve meningesOrbital cailage and boneOrbital connective t... | Anatomy | null |
681321f0-2ca6-4403-8ebd-9465aef8290c | Which of the following is not an extrapyramidal tract - | Rubrospinal | Corticospinal | Reticulospinal | Vestibulospinal | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Corticospinal Descending pathwaysPyramidal tractExtrapyramidal tractso Corticospinal tracto Rubrospinal tract o Tectospinal tract o Vestibulospinal tract o Reticulospinal tract | Physiology | Neural Tracts |
4fd3d8d1-c6a7-4dd0-bd28-a58f0d19f2e1 | Violent inversion of the foot will lead to avulsion of tendon of which the following muscle attached to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal? | Peroneus brevis | Peroneus longus | Peroneus tertius | Extensor digitorum brevis | 0a | single | Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal base avulsion may occur with violent inversion of foot. Peroneus brevis inserts here. | Anatomy | null |
dfe8b671-5d53-4cf8-832a-c5bae5fb36c7 | Most common phase II drug metabolizing reaction is: | Glucuronidation | Acetylation | Oxidation | Glutathione conjugation | 0a | single | - Glucuronidation
Carried out by UDP - Glucuronosyltransferase.
Results in increased molecular weight of the drug.
Helps in excretion in bile. | Pharmacology | null |
1b5cb00c-9528-4535-97c7-1eb68e56a05b | Glioma of the optic nerve is associated with - | Neurofibromatosis type 1 | Neurofibromatosis type II | Both the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neurofibromatosis type I Optic nerve gliomao Optic nerve glioma (astrocytoma) is the most common intrinsic tumor of the optic nerve. Most common type of optic nerve glioma is juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. The majority of optic nerve gliomas are of astrocytic origin. However, a few rare optic nerve g... | Unknown | null |
daf6fa56-288d-4ba6-b4a2-90ada077d8ca | "Asteroid bodies" and "Cigar shaped globi" may be produced by: | Sporothrix | Sporotrichosis | Phialophora | Aspergillus | 1b | single | Sporotrichosis | Microbiology | null |
7f71fe57-a008-40ab-a10c-35f5ed9506f8 | The organism most commonly causing genital filariasis in most pa of Bihar and easteran U.P. is? | Wuchereria bancrofti | Brugia malayi | Onchocerca volvulus | Dirofilaria | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Wuchereria bancrofti . W. bancrafti is the most widely distributed human filarial parasite. | Microbiology | null |
e51e71b7-8793-47fd-ae06-050c07bf6f63 | Which of the following is NOT a bad prognostic sign for pancreatitis? | TLC > 16000 | Calcium < 8 mmol/L | Glucose > 200 mg% | Prothrombin > 2 time the control | 3d | single | Ranson's Prognostic signs of Acute Pancreatitis (Caused by causes other than gallstones) At Admission During the initial 48 hrs Age > 55 years WBC > 16,000/mm^3 Blood glucose > 200 mg/dl Serum LDH > 350 IU/dl Serum AST > 250 U/dl Hematocrit fall > 10 points BUN elevation > 5 mg/dL Serum calcium < 8 mg/dL Aerial PO2 < 6... | Surgery | null |
bbb05b25-0c69-452d-a375-0e647687e244 | HIV transmission in relation to pregnancy is maximum during: | Labor and delivery | First trimester | Second trimester | Breastfeeding | 0a | single | Ans. A. Labor and deliverya. The maximum risk is at labor and delivery. A baby can become infected with HIV in the womb, during delivery or while breast-feeding. If the mother does not receive treatment, 25% of babies born to women with HIV will be infected by the virus.b. With treatment that percentage can be reduced ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy |
cc98aedd-0507-414d-880b-ef3b141045e0 | CSF rhinorrhoea is diagnosed by - | Beta 2 microglobulin | Beta 2 transferrin | Thyroglobulin | Transthyretin | 1b | single | Beta 2 transferring is a protein seen in CSF and not in nasal discharge. Thus its presence is specific and sensitive for diagnosing CSF rhinorrhea. (Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 184) | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
7d0576f9-0b97-4bcd-8123-b04bbfa22851 | Kanavel's sign is seen in | Tenosynovitis | Trigger finger | Dupuytrens contracture | Carpal tunnel syndrome | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Tenosynovitis Kanavel's sign is seen in acute suppurative tenosynovitis of the little finger. It is tenderness elicited at a point in between the two palmar crease about 2.5 cm proximal to the base of the little finger.There are also 4 Cardinal signs of Kanavel seen in acute suppurative tenosynovitis o... | Orthopaedics | Disorders of the Hand |
893681b3-4822-4221-8c94-4d458668d8b5 | Which vaccines are not given in a 8 yrs old unimmunized child | Peusis | Salk vaccine | BCG | All | 3d | multi | BCG vaccination of infants appear to offer significant protection from primary and disseminated tuberculosis including meningitis. In older children it doesn&;t seem to offer protection against secondary tuberculosis. It is generally recommended that peussis vaccine should not be given to children over 5-6 years old. T... | Pediatrics | Infectious disease |
43c09029-fca6-46f7-bf3d-914eaff4543f | Which of the following type of cataract is seen in a person 1-2years following exposure to radiation? | Lamellar cataract | Christmas tree cataract | Posterior polar cataract | Posterior subcapsular cataract | 3d | single | Radiation usually causes posterior subcapsular cataract which has their onset 1-2 years after completion of radiation therapy. A radiation dose of 15Gy is associated with a 50% risk of cataract formation. Christmas tree cataract is a rare form of age related cataract. In this type, the highly retractile multicolored ne... | Ophthalmology | null |
b1f64d84-d4fb-4f36-82fc-174821f5184f | Fungal spores may be produced - | Singly | In chains | In sporangium | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above . Fungal spores have different morphology. They may be unicellular, multicellular or in chains. Sporangium contains asexual spores of phycomycetes, called sporangiospores. | Microbiology | null |
491c4013-5314-4e21-906c-f08305c3514d | Air-borne contact dermatitis can be diagnosed by- | Skin biopsy | Patch test | Prick test | Estimation of serum IgE levels | 1b | single | air borne contact dermatitis is diagnosed by patch testing with the specific allergen. eg: pahenium is the common allergen tested using patch test. IADVL TEXTBOOK OF DERMATOLOGY, INDIAN PATCH TEST SERIES PAGE 581. | Dental | Dermatitis |
9e862b8f-07df-4555-a1b1-21666e74eb10 | In uterine prolapse, decubitus ulcer in the cervix is caused by : | Friction | Malignant change | Venous congestion | Trophic changes | 2c | single | Venous congestion | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
87f3b07c-6f3a-46e5-a6eb-1936c3856a18 | Drug not deposited in cornea: | Gold | Chloroquine | Amiodarone | Antimony | 3d | single | Ans. Antimony | Ophthalmology | null |
0218838c-d7b4-44cf-9664-fa821da070da | A 70 years males presented with asymptomatic white patch on oral cavity following application of the denture. Treatment of choice is | Low dose radiotherapy | Biopsy of the all the tissues | Asceaining the denture is fit in completely | Antibiotics | 2c | multi | Leukoplakia White keratotic plaque or patch that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be given another diagnostic name Risk factors Smoking Alcohol Ill-fitting dentures Jagged tooth Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pgno :761-762 | Surgery | Head and neck |
3be59961-813b-4b96-a61a-5453acae4046 | Negative growth is a characteristic of: | Testis | Brain | Mandible | Thymus | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
9cc225a1-0a32-44a7-9fd0-59318876a44b | Which of the following is used for wound infection grading system? | ASA classification | Glassgow scale | Southampton grading | APGAR score | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Southampton Grading(Ref: Bailey and Love 26th edition Page 54)* There are scoring systems for the severity of wound infection, which are particularly useful in surveillance and research.* Examples are the Southampton and ASEPSIS systems. | Surgery | Trauma |
c2dead98-0243-443d-b2af-fcbbad250cb5 | All of the following can cause osteoporosis, EXCEPT: | Steroids | Fluorosis | Thyrotoxicosis | Hyperparathyroidism | 1b | multi | Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by a loss of bone osteoid resulting in reduced bone integrity, thereby increasing the risk of fractures. Most common causes of osteoporosis are aging, highdose coicosteroid, thyrotoxicosis, hyperparathyroidism, alcoholism, sex hormone deficiency, paicularly menopause in... | Medicine | null |
e737043e-c5ac-4932-9d5f-994ac310dd8f | The dorsalis pedis aery terminates at the | Base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux | First metatarsophalangeal joint | Dorsum of ankle joint | Proximal pa of first intermetatarsal space | 3d | multi | DORSALIS PEDIS AERY:- Dorsal aery of foot. Chief palpable aery on dorsum of foot. Continuation of anterior tibial aery on to the dorsum of foot. The aery begins in front of the angle between the two malleoli.It passes forwards along the medial side of the dorsum of the foot to reach the proximal end of first intermetat... | Anatomy | Lower limb |
7d96679d-fbfd-45cf-ba15-d43db5764c08 | Antemoem burn differ from postmoem burns by all of the following findings, EXCEPT: | Pus in vesicle | Vesicle with hyperemic base | Vesicle containing air | Inflammatory red line | 2c | multi | Difference between ante-moem burns and post-moem burns: Trait Ante-moem burns Post-moem burns Line of redness Present Absent Blister Contains serous fluid with proteins and chloride. Base is red and inflamed. Contains air and thin clear fluid. Base is dry, hard, and yellow Vital reaction Marked cellular exudation and r... | Forensic Medicine | null |
14489a75-1d62-4d80-8146-99c915a9b485 | A term neonate was delivered by cesarean section. He presents with mild respiratory distress soon after birth. Chest X-ray shows the typical findings. How is this condition managed | Oxygen delivery by CPAP | Surfactant provided by InSuRE technique | Supportive care as it resolves spontaneously | Oxygen delivery by endotracheal intubation | 2c | single | This condition is Transient Tachypnea of Newborn:
Seen in term / post - term neonate
Neonates delivered by cesorean rection
They presents with mild respiratory distress soon after birth which resolves in 48 hours
X-ray
a) fluid in interlober fissure
b) Prominent bronchovascular markings
Image is below
Supportive tr... | Pediatrics | null |
25d892ed-9538-4d03-890f-2370ae862b48 | Which of the following is not an indication of secondary nerve repair: | Syndrome of irritation | Division of nerve by sharp object | Delayed presentation of nerve injury | Syndrome of incomplete interruption | 1b | single | Late repair/ Secondary repair( Repair weeks or months after the injury) , may be indicated because: (1)Closed injury was left alone but no sign of recovery is seen at the expected time; (Syndrome of incomplete interruption) (2)Diagnosis was missed and the patient presents late ( Delayed presentation) (3)Failed primary ... | Orthopaedics | Amputations and Spos Injury |
f54f37ca-4b82-4537-beda-9ff47310da88 | Which one of the following drugs is most likely to be associated with elevations of pancreatic enzymes, including amylase and lipase? | Erythromycin | Didanosine | Isoniazid | Azidothymidine | 1b | single | Pancreatic dysfunction, heralded by large increases in serum amylase and lipase, is associated with the use of several reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). Didanosine appears to be the worst offender, and pancreatitis is the most characteristic adverse effect of this particular NRTI. Conditions enhancing susceptibi... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
86da3c93-c23a-4292-b224-98a9c509dab3 | Trapezius is attached to all structures except - | First rib | Clavicle | Scapula | Occiput | 0a | multi | Trapezius originates from the occiput and inserts onto clavicle and scapula. | Anatomy | null |
3d462e52-518d-42cb-87b9-41a089837039 | Radiocontrast is contraindicated in all except - | Renal failure | Patient on metformin | Dehydration | Obesity | 3d | multi | Impoant risk factors for contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) : Renal failure Diabetes Hypeension Dehydration Patient on metformin Hyperuricemia | Radiology | Fundamentals in Radiology |
0fa5d450-8b06-49b5-8e59-e762c247c36b | Which of the following is a feature of nonselective Cox inhibitor but not of selective Cox 2 inhibitor? | Analgesic effect | Antiplatelet aggregatory | Renal salt/ water retention | Prolongation of labour | 1b | single | Ans. is'b'i.e., Antiplatelet aggregatory(Ref: KDT 7th /e p. 194) | Pharmacology | null |
8bdebaef-da6f-4bb9-9fa8-0a569aee9d4a | Which muscle is called as peripheral heart: | Soleus | Popliteus | Gastrocnemius | Quadriceps Femoris | 0a | multi | Ans. A. SoleusThe soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Also, in upri... | Anatomy | Lower Extremity |
378282fc-d4ee-422c-9694-4c6550f2286c | Signet-ring cells are found in which type of breast cancer NOT RELATED- GYN | Papillary carcinoma | Tubular carcinoma | Invasive ductal carcinoma | Invasive lobular carcinoma | 3d | single | Invasive lobular carcinoma accounts for 10% of breast cancers. The histopathologic features of this cancer include small cells with rounded nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. Special stains may confirm the presence of intracytoplasmic mucin, which may displace the nucleus (signet-ring cell carcinoma). | Pharmacology | All India exam |
59c6f7f8-3ee1-43b4-ab96-11135dd90106 | Which is the only medial branch of the external carotid artery? | Superior thyroid | Lingual | Internal maxillary | Ascending pharyngeal | 3d | single | null | Anatomy | null |
35b5a2ca-d130-4b0b-bc96-ef699462b65a | Bacterial vaginosis is caused by all except | Gardnerella | Mobiluncus | Proteus | Coccobacillus | 2c | multi | Proteus does not cause Bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis MC Vaginitis Caused by Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mobiluncus species, Mycoplasma hominis, and Prevotella species. Gardnerella vaginalis is an example of Coccobacillus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | FMGE 2019 |
a559c06f-438d-4b1c-87b9-c17d81b09268 | Extra energy, needed per day during pregnancy – | 150 Kcal | 200 Kcal | 300 Kcal | 350 Kcal | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
25dcec96-3a78-42c8-9080-b1eb6f952d2e | Advantage of palatal strap: | Increased rigidity with Less bulk | Increased retention of appliance | Can be used in Kennedy class I partial dentures | More economical and comfortable to patient | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
18237460-9c89-43a9-a32f-f88384ccfd16 | Which of the following syndrome is associated with mental retardation? | Hunter syndrome | Morquio syndrome B | Sly syndrome | Natowicz syndrome | 0a | single | Disease name Abbretion Enzyme Defective GaG(s) affected Symptoms Hurler syndrome MPS I a-l-Iduronidase Dermatan sulfate, Heparan sulfate Mental retardation, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, cloudy cornea Hunter syndrome MPS II Iduronate sulfatase Dermatan sulfate, Heparan sulfate Mental retardation Reference... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
9e3c13ef-8518-41df-9dfa-c1b8b56711b9 | The distinct golden colour in transgenic Golden rice is due to the presence of- | Riboflavin | b-carotene | Vitamin B12 | Xanthophyll | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., b-carotene | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
035d14d9-0711-4966-876b-f75f47560121 | who gave free asssosiation | bleuler | freud | lorenz | erikson | 1b | single | CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou... | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry |
96cc6ffb-210a-4b44-993f-7db324597b71 | Panophthalmitis involves - | Inner coat of eyeball | Inner and outer coat but sparing tenon's capsule | All structure of eyeball including tenon's capsule | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., All structure of eyeball including tenon's capsule EndophthalmitisPanophthalmitiso Endophthalmitis is defined as inflammation within the anterior segment (aqueous) or post- erior segment (vitreous) or both together with partial thickness involvement of the adjacent occular wall (one or more inner coat... | Ophthalmology | Ocular Trauma |
4b5318cd-97cc-4df1-9fa1-d179db5dff05 | Which of the following is decreased during third trimester of a normal pregnancy? | Hea rate | Stroke volume | Systemic vascular resistance | Cardiac output | 2c | single | Late pregnancy was associated with the expected increases in hea rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. Systemic vascular and pulmonary vascular resistance both decreased significantly, as did colloid osmotic pressure. Also know: During normal pregnancy, mean aerial pressure and vascular resistance decrease, while bl... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a90c98cd-45f2-4267-b932-7290d77c72dc | Failure of the choroid fissure to close results in | Congenital detached retina | Congenital aniridia | Congenital aphakia | Coloboma iridis | 3d | single | Failure of the choroid (optic) fissure to close results in a cleft of the iris--called coloboma iridis (mostly in inferonasal position). This defect may extend into the ciliary body, choroid, optic nerve, or retina. Congenital aphakia--absence of the lens--may result from defective development of the lens placode. | Anatomy | Eye, Nose and Ear |
b9b0fb89-1f7e-4c92-8bd2-06a102e276eb | Which of the following is predominantly involved in Alzheimer's dementia: | Frontal coex | Temporo-Parietal coex | Fronto-Parietal coex | Franto-Temporal coex | 1b | single | Answer is B (Temporo-Parietal coex):Alzheimer's disease predominantly affects the temporoparietal coex although frontal lobe is also frequently involvedAlzheimer's disease predominantly affects the temporo-parietal coex' - Alzheimer's Disease by Terry Regional deficits are most prominent in the temporo-parietal coex' -... | Psychiatry | null |
9ece749c-84a5-4801-b794-654ff720f40d | A 15-year-old boy is bitten by an Ixodes tick while camping with his parents and presents 1 week later with fatigue, fever, headache, and a reddish rash over his trunk and extremities. Positive IgM antibody (1 :200) to Borrelia burgdorferi is associated with which of the following? | Acute Lyme disease | Fifth disease | Possible hepatitis B infection | Possible subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) | 0a | single | Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, elicits an acute antibody response. IgM appears within days to a few weeks following tick bite, and IgG appears a few weeks later. IgG persists; IgM does not. Cross-reactions occur with other treponemes. | Microbiology | Immunology |
93841a6f-2fbc-4ae5-87c8-3376c16d881a | True about actinomycetes is: | Include A. israelii, Nocardia & Streptomyces are a group of organisms characterized as Gram-positive rods | Mycetomas can form as a result of traumatic injury, mainly in people working in farms and forests. | Organisms form filamentous or hyphae-like structures | All of the above | 3d | multi | Actinomycetes- include A. israelii, Nocardia & Streptomyces: Gram-positive rods commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter or as colonizers of body surfaces. In culture and lesions, these organisms form filamentous or hyphae-like structures. Eumycetoma- has a fungal origin. Mycetomas can form as a result of tra... | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
1673c14a-4e3e-4f8d-be8e-734dc02b9b41 | "Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation" occurs in cases of: | Guillain Barre syndrome | TBM | Motor neurone disease | Demyelinating disorder | 0a | single | Guillain Barre syndrome | Pathology | null |
632314c4-0320-4bdc-8139-c69c58bb9a90 | Methanol toxicity causes blindness due to the formation of: March 2010 | Formic acid | Formaldehyde | Lactic acid | Pyruvic acid | 0a | single | Ans. A: Formic Acid The initial step in the metabolism of methanol involves the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). First, methanol is slowly oxidized by ADH to yield formaldehyde. Next, formaldehyde is oxidized by formaldehyde dehydrogenase to yield formic acid (or formate, depending on the pH). This oxidation occurs ... | Pharmacology | null |
e692e77a-94bf-4c6d-8641-4ea50c68ef3b | A 4-year child presents with a history of hoarseness, croupy cough and aphonia; the child has dyspnea with wheezing. The most probable diagnosis is: | Asthmatic bronchitis | Laryngeal foreign body | Bronchopneumonia | Retropharyngeal abscess | 1b | single | Ans. B. Laryngeal foreign bodyForeign body Aspiration: - Most common age group is 6 months to 4 years. Most common foreign body aspirated is peanuts.Most airway foreign bodies lodge in a bronchus (right more than left). | Pediatrics | Disorders of the Respiratory Tract |
d9c80a70-718a-4830-8166-df0b1e801328 | When the drug binds to the receptor and causes action opposite to that of agonist is called as | Complete agonist | Paial agonist | Inverse agonist | Neutral agonist | 2c | multi | In pharmacology, an inverse agonist is a drug that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that of the agonist Ref-KDT 7/e p42 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
0337a3f1-61cb-418d-a36b-006484fbec3a | NOT RELATED- OHO Rolando's fracture is | Fracture distal radius with inferior radioulnar dislocation | Fracture distal end of radius with dorsal displacement and angulation | Fracture radial styloid | Fracture extra-aicular surface of the base of first metacarpal | 3d | single | a. Fracture distal radius with inferior radioulnar dislocation=Galeazzi fracture.b. Fracture distal end of radius with dorsal displacement and angulation=Colle'sfracturec. Fracture radial styloid=Chauffer's fractured. Fracture aicular surface of the base of first metacarpal=Rolando's fracture. | Pharmacology | All India exam |
2eafdc39-09e4-4ee6-880b-2bf87237dbed | Ratio of incidence of a disease among the exposed to the incidence among non-exposed is: | Odds ratio | Relative risk | Absolute risk | Attributable risk | 1b | single | Ref. Foundations of Community medicine. Page. 596
Measures of effect
Measures of effect are used in epidemiological studies to assess the strength of an association between a putative risk factor and the subsequent occurrence of disease.
This requires that the incidence of disease in a group of persons exposed to a ... | Unknown | null |
f76a4be2-f70b-486b-a497-da3eb6452559 | Which of the following muscle is pierced by the needle while giving an IANB: | Medial pterygoid | Buccinator | Temporalis | Superior constrictor | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
c09ad82a-cbff-4944-a956-39fa867993e7 | Uterine artery is branch of - | Anterior branch of internal iliac | Posterior branch of internal iliac | Anterior division of external iliac | Psterior division of external iliac | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anterior branch of internal iliac o Branches of anterior division of internal iliac artery are : (i) Superior vesical, (ii) Middle rectal, (iii) Inferior vesical (in males), (iv) Internal pudendal, (v) Vaginal (in females), (vi) Uterine (in females), (vii) Obturator, and (viii) Inferior glutealo Branc... | Anatomy | Blood Vessels of Abdomen and Pelvis |
16145223-bb7b-4bbc-888b-435c1b76b6b9 | Percentage of malignancy in duct ectasia is | No risk | 5:01 | 1.2 :1 | 10:01 | 0a | single | Ans. (a) No risk(Ref. Schwartz 10th edition Page 511, Bailey 26th edition page 806)* The periductal mastitis mimics like cancer and hence mammography must be done.* Otherwise there is no risk of cancer in Duct ectasia | Surgery | Breast |
c3a2645c-98ab-451a-826f-695882a83215 | True statements about shock - | During dehydration both ICF and ECF volume decreases | 10-20% of fluid loss is compatible to life. | Hemorrhage cause intravascular fluid loss | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
27c60cd3-60be-4078-8a02-37672758625c | A study of aging shows that senescent cells have accumulated damage from toxic byproducts of metabolism. There is increased intracellular lipofuscin deposition. Prolonged ingestion of which of the following substances is most likely to counteract this aging mechanism? | Antioxidants | Analgesics | Antimicrobials | Antineoplastic agents | 0a | single | Antioxidants may counteract the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may accumulate acutely and chronically within cells as a consequence of environmental insults and pathologic processes. Certainly, health food stores promote this concept with sales of products such as vitamin E. However, cellular damage is m... | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
ff1e5a83-dc51-4745-9982-5a0159015dae | Cause of large kidney in CRF are a/e | DM | Amyloidosis | Benign nephrosclerosis | Diffuse GN | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
620a4672-70ad-4af5-b94a-b4bb3ed703d0 | TIPSS involves percutaneous creation of a shunt between | Poal vein and vena cava | Poal vein and hepatic vein | Hepatic vein and vena cava | Poal vein and hepatic aery | 1b | single | It&;s a nonsurgical interventional radiological method wherein stent is placed in the liver between hepatic venule and poal venule through a guidewire, used in reducing poal pressure before doing an ohotopic liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients. Reference SRB edition 5 page:622 | Surgery | G.I.T |
4e589129-0d0c-4a28-86d4-2ec65b281c26 | All the following hormones are secreted by adrenal cortex except: | Estriol | Cortisol | Corticosterone | Aldosterone | 0a | multi | null | Physiology | null |
02cbef5f-a59d-4b46-9945-002fe54f5d58 | The type of glomerulonephritis which is least likely to cause chronic renal failure- | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis | Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis | 2c | single | In adults, 15% to 50% of affected persons develop end-stage renal disease over the ensuing few years or 1 to 2 decades, depending on the clinical and histologic severity. By contrast, in children, the prevalence of chronicity after sporadic cases of acute postinfectious GN is much lower. <\p> robbins book of pathology.... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
bcde8d7e-1d17-406f-b74e-573e5aa00dd4 | Which branch of fascial nerve supplies muscles of lower lip (FMGE Dec 2018) | Temporal | Cervical | Buccal | Mandibular | 3d | single | -TEMPORAL BRANCH-Supply upper pa of orbicularis oculi and frontalis -ZYGOMATIC BRANCH-Supply lower pa of orbicularis oculi -BUCCAL BRANCH-Supply upper orbicularis oris, zygomaticus minor/major -MARGINAL MANDIBULAR BRANCH-Supply lower lip-Mentalis, lower orbicularis oris, depressor labii inferioris -CERVICAL BRANCH -Sup... | Anatomy | FMGE 2018 |
68351feb-349e-4113-b8a3-d7f0a3045264 | Which of the following statements best explains the action of nitroglycerine on coronary vessels: | It mitigates angina pectoris by increasing total coronary flow | It preferentially dilates conducting aeries without affecting resistance aerioles | It preferentially dilates autoregulatory aerioles without affecting the larger aeries | It mainly decreases the after load | 1b | multi | Nitrates cause redistribution of blood flow without affecting total coronary flow. Autoregulatory small vessels remain unaffected whereas large conducting vessels are dilated. Nitrates are predominantly venodilators, therefore decrease mainly preload. | Pharmacology | CHF, Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction |
77067b51-631d-4856-895a-538df1443c9d | Combined indicator to reflect both acute and chronic malnutrition is | Low height-for-age | Low weight-for-height | Low height-for-weight | Low weight-for-age | 3d | multi | Indicators of undernutrition Indicator Interpretation Comment Stunting Low height-for-age Indicator of chronic malnutrition, the result of prolonged food deprivation and/ or disease or illness Wasting Low weight-for-height Suggests acute malnutrition, the result of more recent food deficit or illness Underweight Low we... | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
5e37a48d-5519-4a98-87d9-5af2280ba690 | Palpable purpura is seen in | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | Scurvy | Henoch Sconlein Purpura | Monoclonal cryoglobulinemia | 2c | single | Answer is C (H. S. Purpura): Henoch Sconlein Purpura is associated with palpable purpura without thrombocytopeniae | Medicine | null |
e004d44a-e08a-40ef-abdb-2a94d0f1b9fe | A 28-year-old man flips over an all-terrain vehicle, and he lands on his leg. On physical examination, there is intense pain on palpation over the right shin, but there is no shortening of the limb. The overlying skin is intact. A radiograph shows right tibial and fibular midshaft fracture into multiple bone fragments.... | Comminuted | Compound | Displaced | Incomplete | 0a | multi | When the bone is splintered into fragments, the fracture is comminuted, and will likely require orthopedic appliances to align fragments for healing. A compound fracture penetrates the skin. Displaced fractures have nonaligned bone, and some deformity may result. The bone remains contiguous with an incomplete fracture ... | Pathology | Osteology |
1957cdf7-c7e8-48bf-8f80-d2882c0221a4 | Commonest site of obstetric injury leading to uretero vaginal fistula : | Infundibulo pelvic ligament | Vaginal vault | Distal to uterine aery near vaginal vault | Below cardinal ligament where uterine aery crosses | 0a | single | Infundibulo pelvic ligament | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
9ba75433-9e4c-40de-82fb-c0b4743421fb | The tensile strength of the wound stas and increase after | Immediate suture of the wound | 3 to 4 days | 7 to 10 days | 6 months | 2c | single | Wound Strength Carefully sutured wounds have approximately 70% of the strength of normal skin When sutures are removed, usually at 1 week, wound strength is approximately 10% of that of unwounded skin this increases rapidly over the next 4 weeks Wound strength reaches approximately 70% to 80% of normal by 3 month ref:-... | Pathology | General pathology |
d3c15902-8dee-45ac-aae5-25baa5f97f2b | All of the following statements about Renal physiology are true, except: | Distal tubule always receives hypoosmotic solution | The kidney receive 5% of the cardiac output | GFR is controlled by resistance in afferent and efferent aerioles | The Glomerulus receives capillaries from the afferent aeriole | 1b | multi | Kidney receives 25%)(1.2-1.3L) of cardiac output.Ref: Ganong's review of Medical Physiology, 23rd edition, Page number: 643 | Physiology | Renal physiology |
140b888c-97ec-423b-b4cc-f16f6a1d14d2 | The following type of glomerulonephritis should not be treated with prednisolone? | Minimal change disease | Lipoid nephrosis | Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome | Post-streptococcal GN | 3d | single | By the time the child with acute PSGN presents with symptoms, the glomerular injury has already occurred and the healing process has begun. Only a small percentage of patients with acute glomerulonephritis require initial hospitalization and most of those are ready for discharge in 2-4 days. As soon as the blood pressu... | Medicine | Nephrotic and Nephritic syndrome |
f6cf11ae-3751-4c73-807d-8e5eb3bdce1b | According to FDI tooth numbering system the number 45 refers to | deciduous mandibular right second molar | mandibular right second premolar | maxillary right second premolar | deciduous maxillary right second molar | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
47920b17-8516-4c09-9289-fbe467e62255 | Drug safely given in Pregnancy - | Antifolate | Quinine | Chloroquine | Primaquine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chloroquine | Pharmacology | null |
0da0b254-d440-47c6-ac7f-b437b7172dad | Common ocular manifestation in Trisomy 13 is | Capillary hemangioma | Bilateral microphthalmos | Neurofibroma | Dermoid Cyst | 1b | single | B i.e. Bilateral micropthalmos Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)Q present with microcephaly, mental retardation and micropthalmos Q Patau's Syndrome Ocular Manifestations - Micropthalmos Q/ Anopthalmos - Anterior segment dysgenesis - Cyclopia - Corneal opacity - Cataract / congenital glaucoma - Coloboma - Persistent hyperp... | Ophthalmology | null |
6004bf2d-2c0d-4322-8b29-45a5464d8e3c | The most common cause of "Antibiotic" induced colitis is due to: | E. coli | Clostridium difficile | Salmonella | Campylobacter jejuni | 1b | single | Clostridium difficile | Microbiology | null |
8ac80ad0-1d4d-4dff-b45b-4071204927e7 | The gas which produces systemic toxicity without causing local irritation is: | Ammonium | Carbon monoxide | Hydrocyanic acid | Sulfur dioxide | 1b | single | B i.e. Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Poisoning CO is a colourless, tasteless, non irritant gasQ which is produced due to incomplete combustion of carbon. CO poisoning is defined as > 15 % carboxyhemoglobinQ in blood (normal < 1.5 % in nonsmokers, < 10 % in smokers). Diagnosis is made by cooximetric measurements of bl... | Anaesthesia | null |
a07e2cb8-5d7c-45d3-8975-3071a5dd3281 | Patient perceives a stimulus from one modality and perceives hallucination in another modality | functional hallucination | reflex hallucinations | extra campine hallucination | Auditory hallucination | 1b | multi | FUNCTIONAL HALLUCINATIONS Patient perceives a stimulus from one modality and perceives hallucination in same modality Ex. Whenever the patient hears water flowing from tap he hears auditory hallucinations REFLEX HALLUCINATION: Patient perceives a stimulus from one modality and perceives hallucination in another modalit... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
3dff335e-d319-43df-bade-6f415a28b77d | Intractable seizure in a 7-day-old child with skin rash, Increased ammonia and lactate can be diagnosed as | Organic acidemia | Phenylketonuria | Urea cycle anomaly | ME LAS with lactic acidosis | 0a | single | Mutation in mitochondrial DNA, result in disease 1.Mitochondrial myopathies 2.MERRF syndrome - myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers 3.MELA's syndrome - mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactate acidosis and stroke like pisodes, (Intermittent vomiting, proximal muscles weakness) 4.LHON=Leber hereditary optic neu... | Pediatrics | null |
3b348d13-eafe-4079-8703-e63194d60887 | In humans, end product of purine metabolism | Allantoin | Uric acid | CO2 | None | 1b | multi | Question repeated | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
5123e88a-4345-4e7e-a65c-dbba316c1d14 | A 42 year old female P3 + 0 + 0 + 3 is found to have carcinoma in situ. Best treatment would be: | Hysterectomy | Weheim's hysterectomy | Conisation | Wait and Watch | 0a | single | Ans. is a i.e. Hysterectomy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7be1562b-8836-48b4-92fe-f7ddeaec4395 | Which of the following drug is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor? | Indinavir | Ritonavir | Nelfinavir | Abacavir | 3d | single | ANTIVIRAL DRUG: CLASSI FICATION 1.Anti-Herpes virus Idoxuridine, Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir*, Foscarnet* 2 Anti-Retrovirus (a) Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Nis): Zidovudine (AZT), Didanosine, Zalcitabine*, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abaca vir (b) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase in... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
cdc9eb94-3316-4421-98c0-c1be3c715127 | Tubuloglomerular feedback is initiated by delivery of: | Na+ to the macula densa | Cl- to the macula dense | NaCl to macula densa | NaCl to the loop of Henle | 2c | single | - The rate of NaCl delivery to the distal nephron significantly influences the RBF and GFR; the mechanism is called Tubuloglomerular (TG) feedback. The mechanism is based on 3 components: (i) A sensor: Cells in the macula densa. (ii) A signal: NaCl delivery to the distal tubule. (iii) An effector: Vascular smooth muscl... | Physiology | Excretory System (Kidney, Bladder) Acid-Base Balance |
02a2e40b-17fb-4ff2-b88b-1cfaea664e5c | Max. absorption of water takes place in : | Loop of Henle | Collecting duct | PCT | DCT | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' is PCT * " Normally, about 65 percent of the filtered load of sodium and water and a slightly lower percentage of filtered chloride are reabsorbed by the proximal tubule before the filtrate reaches the loop of Henle * | Physiology | Renal Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion |
ba949e5f-3c82-48d8-a1df-5a3c92376ebe | A 35-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea and weight loss despite increased appetite. The history and physical examination reveal exophthalmos, fine resting tremor, tachycardia, and warm, moist skin. Laboratory tests for thyroid function would be expected to yield a decreased value for which of the following? | Free T4 | Radioactive iodine uptake | T3 resin uptake | Thyroid stimulating hormone | 3d | single | - Given clinical features suggests the diagnosis of hypehyroidism - Laboratory findings depicted in graves disease are: Decreased TSH levels Increased serum T3, free T4 levels Increased T3 resin upake Increased saturation of TBG Increased radioactive iodine uptake | Pathology | Hypehyroidism and Goitre |
628bb3e4-a153-467b-8233-297773af3a0d | Most common site for medulloblastoma is- | Cerebellum | Pituitary | Cerebrum | Pineal gland | 0a | single | POORLY-DIFFERENTIATED AND EMBRYONAL TUMOURS CNS tumors composed of primitive undifferentiated cells include medulloblastoma and glioblastoma, and rarely, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma. Medulloblastoma is the most common variety of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The most common location is the cerebellum in the reg... | Pathology | Nervous system |
64518f58-c14f-4908-bedf-cdc7ffc2ccb9 | Mcburney's point tenderness is indicative of signifies - | Acute appendicitis | Acute pancreatitis | Acute hepatitis | Acute nephritis | 0a | single | Ans. 'a' i.e., Acute appendicitis * McBurney's point is the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel).* This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is at... | Surgery | Vermiform Appendix |
7625a539-926b-4e15-ae8e-df5484d6b147 | Which of the following is a true neoplasm of functional
cementoblasts | Periapical cemental dysplasia | Familial cemental dysplasia | Benign cementoblastoma | Hypercementosis | 2c | multi | null | Pathology | null |
4b724426-2a98-4890-80e2-7661735c2c6b | The histopathology of osteopetrosis shows: | EndosteaL bone formation and lack of normal bone resorption | Periosteal bone formation and lack of normal bone resorption | Presence of extra collagen fibres and Less calcification resulting in resistance of bones to fracture | Presence of numerous osteoclasts and a few osteoclasts | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
574c048e-6176-4e88-8a5b-77e2baf73a4f | Mrs AR G3 P1LIA a full term pregnant female is admitted in labor. On examination, she has uterine contractions 2 in 10 minutes, lasting for 30-35 seconds.On P/A examination 3/5th of the head is palpable per abdomen.On P/V examination-cervix is 4 cms dilated, membranes intact.On repeat examination 4 hours later, cervix ... | The head was engaged at the time a of presentation | Her cervicographical progress is satisfactory | Her cervicographical status suggests intervention | On repeat examination, her cervicograph should have touched the action line. | 2c | multi | In this patient at the beginning of the labor, three fifths of the head was palpable , which indicates head is not engaged as head is said to be engaged only if 1/5th is palpable per abdomen… | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
9541fa59-9a5b-4590-84f4-d700f447621e | Which of the following condition is characterized by "Golf-hole ureter"? | Genitourinary Tuberculosis | Ureterocele | Vesicoureteric reflux | Carcinoma of Bladder | 0a | single | "Golf-hole ureter" is a characteristic finding in Genitourinary Tuberculosis. It occurs because of the contraction caused by the fibrosis of ureter at the ureteric orifice which leads to widening of its internal opening which gives an appearance of golf hole. | Surgery | Kidney and ureter |
3bf8eb46-fd18-44e5-ba3e-cd533b339d0f | Hashimoto's thyroiditis-True are A/E | Follicular destruction | Increase in lymphocytes | Oncocytic metaplasia | Orphan Annie eye nuclei | 3d | multi | Ans is `d' i.e Orphan Annie eye nuclei Orphan Annie eye nuclei is histological feature seen in Papillary Ca thyroid. "Characteristic histologic features of Hashimoto's thyroiditis include atrophy of thyroid follicles with oncocytic metaplasia (Huhle cell) of the follicular epithelium and abundant lymphoplasmacytic infi... | Surgery | null |
989c5f12-abb7-489b-ad79-edfe4c12852e | With respect to cardiac arrests occurring during anaesthesia – a) The most common preceding arrhythmia is bradycardiab) The most common cause is failure of ventilationc) Most occur during emergence from anaesthesiad) Most are considered unpreventable and untreatable | ac | a | ad | ab | 3d | single | Mast cardiac arrests are preceded by bradycardia suggesting that early identification and treatment may prevent complications.
Most common cause is failure to provide adequate ventilation.
Most of the cardiac arrests occur during induction or maintenance. | Anaesthesia | null |
47fb752e-38f8-4fd6-81e2-db2e0e4cb517 | Burkitts lymphoma associated with ? | EBV | HHV | HIV | HTLV | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., EBV | Pathology | null |
25f7823b-0332-4cf3-b22a-7600d16a4af8 | Sterilising agents include -a) Dry heatb) Ethylene oxidec) Etherd) Alcohole) Chlorhexidine | ac | a | ab | bc | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
24a58b89-bffd-4769-9d4e-8367f042157b | A 12-year-old girl begins to limp while playing soccer. She has pain in her right leg and upper right thigh. Her temperature is 102degF. X-ray of the femur reveals that the periosteum is eroded. Assuming that this case is managed as an infectious disease, which of the following is the most likely etiologic agent? | Listeria monocytogenes | Salmonella enteritidis | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | Staphylococcus aureus | 3d | single | Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known pathogen that is very opportunistic and commonly causes abscess lesions. It routinely may resist phagocytosis by WBCs due to protein A. Osteomyelitis and arthritis, either hematogenous or traumatic, are commonly caused by S. aureus, especially in children. Salmonella are gram-negat... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
7e5016f6-d34f-4899-9723-da622fe0821b | Rigor mortis results after death is due to | Failure of acetylcholine to diffuse | Failure of ATP supply | Failure of break down of calcium bridges | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Physiology | null |
2e34289c-c056-4297-9f3d-97d696f46cd9 | Mediator of acute inflammation not derived from cell is - | Histamine | Leukotrienes | Kinins | Cytokines | 2c | single | . Kinins | Pathology | null |
487aebed-40d7-4eb8-ab35-57f964992167 | Hyperdynamic circulation is seen in all except: | Anemia | Beriberi | Cor pulmonale | AV fistula | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Cor Pulmonale (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1501, Harrison 18/e p1901)Hyperdynamic circulation is seen in anemia, beriberi & AV fistula, but not in Cor pulmonale."Conditions that lead to a high cardiac output (e.g.. arteriovenous fistula, anemia) are seldom responsible for the development of HF in a normal heart: howeve... | Medicine | Miscellaneous (C.V.S.) |
4415a8ee-4311-4cfc-b731-80afaef92487 | The collagen triple helix structure is not found free in which of the following cell organelle? | Cytoplasm | Golgi apparatus | Intracellular vesicles | Lumen of endoplasmic reticulum | 0a | single | Collagen is synthesized on ribosomes as pre-pro-collagen. From there it enters the endoplasmic reticulum where the signal sequence is removed from the terminal end and glycosylation and hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues occur, resulting in the formation of procollagen. From endoplasmic reticulum it is secret... | Biochemistry | null |
2b60f445-7664-44d2-b205-ad74102341cf | Dragon or serpent worm is: | Enterobius | Trichuris | Dracunculus | T. Solium | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dracunculus(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1422-1423; Chatterjee, 12th/e, p. 203)* Dracunculus medinensis is also known as Guinea worm, Serpent worm, Dragon worm, Medina worm. | Microbiology | Parasitology |
f4faf063-ae40-4c3d-a234-89eac3a6aff9 | Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with all except: | Recurrent aboion | Venous thrombosis | Pancytopenia | Antibody to lupus | 2c | multi | ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY SYNDROME (APLA SYNDROME) Clinical Features:1. Vascular Thrombosis2. Pregnancy Morbidity3. Venous thrombosis (More common)4. Aerial thrombosis (Less common) Laboratory Features:1. Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG or IgM)2. Elevated Anti beta-2 glycoprotein -1 Antibody3. Thrombocytopenia... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstetrics |
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