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e8990fe2-1a63-402b-bad4-37c9ff55dc32 | Ram Devi presented with generalized edema sweating and flushing tachycardia and fever after bee sting. This is - | T cell mediated cytotoxicity | IgE mediated reaction | IgG mediated reaction | IgA mediated hypersensitivity reaction | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IgE mediated reaction o The symptoms of the patient are d/t hypersensitivity type I reaction Type I is mediated by IgE and it flairs up within minutes. o There are typical features of anaphylaxis (systemic Type I hypersensitivity). Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis o Flushing and tachycardia are ... | Pathology | null |
05745e2b-e1d2-4421-a562-6b599ee6f767 | DOC for herpes zoster is – | Vidarabine | Acyclovir | Idoxuridine | Aclidine | 1b | single | For typical cases of herpes zoster, oral acyclovir is used. Oral famciclovir or valaciclovir have advantage of a more convenient dosing. | Dental | null |
26d9f133-126a-4092-a03f-decc928f1671 | Culture media used for diagnosis of EHEC 0157 : H7 is: | O7 culture | Sorbitol MacConkey media | XLD Agar | Deoxycholate Media | 1b | single | Non- DNA- dependent methods are used for routine diaggnosis of EHEC 0157: H7. This serotype is suggested by isolation of an E-coli that fails to fermant sorbitol on MacConkey sorbitol; latex aggulination confirms. Ref: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), "Nelson textbook of Pediatrics", Chapter 197, "Escherichia... | Microbiology | null |
b6e5c783-8b3e-4957-b3bc-77cec94a79e0 | Position of limb in posterior dislocation of hip ? | Flexion, abduction & external rotation | Flexion, adduction & internal rotation | Flexion, adduction & external rotation | Flexion, abduction & internal rotation | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Flexion, adduction & internal rotation | Surgery | null |
5f4f931e-f94b-4c92-860c-cd940f2e8d0e | A diabetic patient 2 days after post cataract surgery develops develops hypopyon. What will be the management? | Intravitreal antibiotics | Eye drops | Surgery | No treatment required | 0a | single | REF : AK KHURANA 7TH ED | Ophthalmology | All India exam |
6ab2f9eb-e670-4b61-825e-31b6436a50fd | Which of the following is the most predominant constituent of sulfur granules of Actinomycosis is - | Organisms | Neutrophils and monocytes | Monocytes and lymphocytes | Eosinophils | 0a | single | null | Microbiology | null |
09e7bd2c-3eda-474f-b33b-659b8b7c6200 | Glutathione contains all except- | Cysteine | Glutamine | Glutamic acid | Glycine | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Glutamine* Glutathione is a tripeptide* It is g glutamyl cysteinyl glycine* It is made up of three aminoacids - glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine* Hence Glutamine is not a component of glutathione | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
e1a3a36d-852b-4e5a-93ca-3d25c5671a94 | Which of the following nerve stimulation may be considered for treatment of ADHD? | Vagal Nerve | Facial Nerve | Trigeminal Nerve | Trochlear Nerve | 2c | single | Ans. C. Trigeminal nerveExternal Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) System is indicated for patients ages 7 to 12 years old who are not currently taking prescription ADHD medication and is the first non-drug treatment for ADHD granted marketing authorization by the FDA. | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
070f21b9-927c-462d-9edc-37ba9323ded8 | Denis gave how many columns theory to define stability of spine: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2c | single | (c) 3ExplanationDenis' Three-Column Theory- Proposed by Francis Denis, three-column concept divides a spinal segment into three parts: Anterior, middle, and posterior colums.- The anterior column comprises the anterior longitudinal ligament and the anterior half of the vertebral body; the middle column comprises the po... | Orthopaedics | Spinal Injuries |
95968480-9a6b-4adb-a226-3cd59878a6ff | Microcytic hypochromic anemia found in infestation of - | Ancylostoma | Ascaris | Necator | Diphyllobothrium | 0a | multi | hookworm disease-microcytic,hypochromic anemia Ingest blood Sucks 0.2 ml blood daily Small bleeding point (Refer pgno:146 baveja 3rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
e24e70c1-28d3-429c-b2ed-1233a7061886 | Cotard's syndrome has ? | Persecutory delusions | Religious delusions | Nihilistic delusions | Hypochondrical delusions | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nihilistic delusions Types of delsions Based on the contents of delusions, they are divided into :- Persecutory delusions (paranoid) : - The patient feels that he is being persecuted against. There is false belief that one is being harmed, threatened, cheated, poisoned, harassed or spied on or is a vi... | Psychiatry | null |
bab3570f-1813-42d5-962f-854fa8ed925c | As compared to Cow's milk, Human milk has: | More proteins | Less carbohydrates | More iron | Less of Vitamins | 2c | single | Human milk contains higher quantities of Lactose Iron water Vit- A, C Cysteine, Taurine Linoleic acid, lenolenic acid, PUFA Casein: whey ratio Cow milk contain high quantities of Energy Proteins Fats Vit-B, D Na+, K+ Methionine Casein: whey ratio Hence, Comparative contents of nutrients given: Protein : Cow > Human Lac... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Paediatric Care in RCH: BW, BL, PEM, Breast Feeding |
886a2305-69db-4fc3-8270-5143c3b6c465 | A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department with new symptoms of blood tinged sputum. For the past week he has noticed streaks of blood in his chronic daily sputum production. He reports no fever or chills, but has lost 10 lb in the past 6 months involuntarily. His past medical history is significant for hyp... | syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion | acanthosis nigricans | Cushing syndrome | leukemoid reaction | 0a | multi | SIADH is more characteristic of small cell lung cancer. Paraneoplastic syndromes are classified as metabolic, neuromuscular, connective tissue, dermatologic, and vascular. Acanthosis nigricans and other cutaneous manifestations (eg, dermatomyositis) are rare (< 1%). Clubbing is common and occurs in up to 30% of non-sma... | Medicine | Respiratory |
95233785-336c-4517-9daf-89b1a4903b5e | Bechet's syndrome is characterized by all of the following eye manifestations, EXCEPT: | Posterior uveitis | Iritis | Optic Neuritis | Retinal pigmentation | 3d | multi | The eye disease is present in 50% of patients with Bechet's syndrome. It is usually present at the onset but may also develop within the first few years. Iritis, posterior uveitis, retinal vessel occlusions and optic neuritis can be seen in some patients with the syndrome. Note: Scarring and bilateral panuveitis is the... | Ophthalmology | null |
f5e99584-2aa9-49c4-b22a-fd3c0163365f | Newborn 7 days old with vomiting and dehydration clinical examination was normal except for by hyperpigmentation of nipple. Electrolytes Na: 120 meq.K: 9 meq. most likely diagnosis - | Primary hypothyroidism | Cong. adrenal hyperplasia | Panhypopituitarism | Pyloric stenosis | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
8ba0b2db-b75c-4f08-a9d9-9924bc42f13e | A patient presented with normal eyesight and absence of direct and consensual light reflexes in left eye. Which of the following cranial nerves is suspected to be lesioned? | Occulomotor | Trochlear | Optic | Abducent | 0a | single | Ans. (a) OculomotorRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 815In complete optic nerve lesion of one side (afferent pupillary defect)The ipsilateral direct reflex is absentThe contralateral consensual reflex is absentIn oculomotor nerve lesion of one side (efferent pupillary defect)The ipsilateral direct reflex is absentThe ipsilateral con... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-Ophthalmology |
dd33afdb-d58b-46ac-9994-9f3a3d367ba1 | Secretions of GIT are controlled by | Myenteric plexuses | Auerbach plexuses | Meissner plexuses | Extrinsic nerve | 3d | single | Secretions of GIT are controlled by the Meissner plexus. Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology 26th edition Pgno: 460 | Physiology | G.I.T |
d55f0f31-d2c5-4dfd-8337-902f2bdbf139 | Proteins are soed by : | Golgi Bodies | Mitochondria | Ribosomes | Nuclear Membrane | 0a | single | A i.e. Golgi bodies | Biochemistry | null |
531c8f9a-c04a-4201-b5db-1734693e2d29 | Not true about IPV is - | Given in 4 doses | Can't be given in AIDS patient | Is a killed vaccine | Also known as salk vaccine | 1b | multi | <p> IPV /salk polio vaccine. Strains - Mahoney( salk type 1) MEF1( salk type 2) saukett( salk type 3) Inactivated in formaldehyde. Final vaccine mixture contains 40 units of type1, 8 units of type 2, and 32 units of type3. Administration- intramuscular injection or subcutaneous. Should be refrigerated to ensure no loss... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
10040108-74f1-48d5-ae80-da89350895fa | Type of collagen found in cailage: | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 1b | single | Collagen has great tensile strength, and is the main component of fascia, cailage, ligaments, tendons, bone and teeth.Along with soft keratin, it is responsible for skin strength and elasticity, and its degradation leads to wrinkles that accompany aging.It strengthens blood vessels and plays a role in tissue developmen... | Biochemistry | null |
f515f84a-aba9-408c-ae16-bff3b22f53a4 | Side effect of SSRI | Nausea | Diarrhoea | Weight gain | Rash | 2c | single | SIDE EFFECTS Paradoxical SUICIDE, this is a type of suicide where an antidepressant used to treat depression and decrease suicide increase the chance of suicidal attempt ( IT'S A PARADOX). The explanation that is given is SSRI initially activates the patient and decreases fatigue, thus patients with low mood and suicid... | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry |
56ac3a38-2a21-4481-9167-085469c91a8d | Lymphatic drainage of oropharynx is mainly through | Superficial cervical lymph nodes | Submandibular nodes | Jugulodigastric nodes | Jugulo-omohyoid nodes | 2c | single | Lymphatics from oropharynx drain into the upper jugular chain, paicularly the jugulodigastric ( tonsilar) node. Some pas drain to the posterior cervical group also. The base of the tongue may drain bilaterally. Lymphatic drainage of the nasopharynx - upper deep cervical nodes. (Ref: Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, PL... | ENT | Pharynx |
19b03ca0-c8ef-47a8-b11d-9ea71efb71ea | When treating urinary tract infection (UTI) in the third trimester, the antibiotic of choice should be | Cephalosporin | Tetracycline | Sulfonamide | Nitrofurantoin | 0a | single | Although quite effective, sulfonamides should be avoided during the last few weeks of pregnancy because they competitively inhibit the binding of bilirubin to albumin, which increases the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Nitrofurantoin may not be tolerated in pregnancy because of the effect of nausea. It should als... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy |
e88fe02f-b768-4eca-9d28-32dfb8d67ad7 | Which of the following is the most common renal cystic disease in infants is ? | Polycystic kidney | Simple renal cyst | Unilateral renal dysplasia | Calyceal cyst | 2c | single | Unilateral renal dysplasia is a form of renal dysplasia (RD; see this term), a renal tract malformation in which the development of one kidney is abnormal and incomplete. Unilateral RD can be segmental, and of variable severity, with renal aplasia corresponding to extreme RD. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th e... | Pediatrics | Urinary tract |
82007556-87e1-409b-9197-48e968100234 | Which is not a RBC membrane protein? | Ankyrin | Nebulin | Spectrin | Gycophorin | 1b | single | The protein skeleton consists of 2D mesh of spectrin tetramers and oligomers. It is attached to RBC membrane by attaching to ankyrin. Membrane proteins like glycophorin also present. Ref: Textbook of medical physiology by N Geetha, 3rd edition, page no. 77 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
2b1619eb-e77e-486f-8dd0-9c697326d0c6 | Pneumococcal vaccine is prepared from | Cell surface antigen | Capsular polysaccharide | exotoxin | M protein | 1b | single | Pneumococcal vaccine: A polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine representing the capsular antigens of the 23 most prevalent serotypes have been stated to give 80-90% protection. Given in patients with enhanced risk of pneumococcal infection, absent or dysfunctional spleen, sickle cell disease, immunodeficiency etc. It is not... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
a2ec0a95-2f9e-4a1e-a90a-29e5d7ceb4fc | Flabby white lesions occur bilaterally on buccal mucosa
of a five-year-old child. The Lesions are a symptomatic
the child's mother says this condition is seen in few
other members of the family. The lesions are most likely: | Leukoplakia | Lichen planus | Submucous fibrosis | White sponge nerves | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
58a77424-47f6-47ce-9c16-43d22323887c | Kennedy bar is also known as: | Double lingual bar | Lingual plate | Lingual bar | Palatal plate | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
a3588f4d-7266-473d-b360-ca88e85312e8 | Full blown immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by - | High viral titres with low CD4 count | Low viral titres with low CD4 count | High viral titres with high CD4 count | High CD4 and high CD8 | 0a | single | Any HIV-infected individual with a CD4+ T cell count of <200/mL has AIDS by definition, regardless of the presence of symptoms or oppounistic diseases . (Harrison's Principles of internal medicine, 20 th edition, page 1506) | Medicine | Infection |
5930c046-6bb9-4f9b-9a7f-6444c9c91f20 | True about Zenker's diveiculum is all, EXCEPT: | Originates from the anterior wall of the esophagus | Occurs through triangular area of weakness | It tends to dete from the midline, mostly to the left | None of the above | 0a | multi | Zenker diveiculum originates from the posterior wall of the esophagus in a triangular area of weakness, limited inferiorly by the cricopharyngeus muscle and superiorly by the inferior constrictor muscles (ie, the Killian triangle). As the diveiculum enlarges, it tends to dete from the midline, mostly to the left | ENT | null |
5fc37b24-114d-4c09-bf99-743b06b5fcbc | In an aphakic eye the anterior focal point from the anterior surface of cornea is about: | 15 mm | 21 mm | 23 mm | 31 mm | 2c | single | Ans. 23 mm | Ophthalmology | null |
2d391417-6615-4691-901a-70fa67d7b70e | Tolerance develops to all of the following effects of opioids except | Constipation | Miosis | Convulsions | All of the above | 3d | multi | Decreased effects are seen with continuous usage of opioids except for miosis, constipation, and convulsions.Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed Pg: 508 | Pharmacology | Autacoids |
3aea56a2-8ebf-427c-b7e2-5042a189742e | Which of the following describes the pelvic outlet | Angle of pubic arch is less than 90 degrees. | Base of posterior triangle is the coccyx. | Descending inferior pubic rami form lateral boundaries of posterior triangle. | Common base of the two triangles is formed by a line drawn between the two ischial tuberosities. | 3d | single | Pelvic outlet consists of 2 triangular areas with a common base, which is a line drawn between the two ischial tuberosities.
Angle of pubic arch is 90 → 100 degrees.
Lateral boundaries of posterior triangle is formed by sacrotuberous ligaments. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5de20fc4-64f1-4589-b54f-261fcde24f86 | All of the following statements about vincristine are true except | It acts by inhibiting mitosis | It prominent adverse effects is peripheral neuropathy | It does not suppression bone marrow | It is a drug of choice for solid tumors | 3d | multi | Vincristine is a vinca allkaloid. It acts in M-phase of cell cycle by inhibiting the formation of spindle. It is a marrow sparing drug and causes peripheral neuropathy as a prominent adverse effect. It is used for the treatment of hematological malignancies like Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemias.It is ineffective agains... | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
2eadcedb-6c80-403b-83af-c99bea047b6a | Lipofuscin is associated with | Brownatrophy | White atrophy | Red atrophy | Black atrophy | 0a | single | o Deposition of lipofuscin in the heart is referred as brown atrophy | Pathology | null |
53c134e3-d9ae-46e6-b018-1918b580acd7 | Beefy red, foul smelling genital granuloma with a bleeding ulcer on touch is seen in - | LGV | Chancroid | Primary syphilis | Donovanosis | 3d | single | Donovanosis is caused by Klebsiella granulomatis. It&;s morphology is that it is a single(sometimes multiple) asymptomatic ulcer. Floor is made of beefy , exuberant, granulation tissues that bleeds on manipulation. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page ... | Dental | Sexually transmitted diseases |
a2f2b032-1701-4e3d-9c16-29312f5c07a0 | A patient who was initially smear positive, who began the treatment and who remained or became smear positive again at five months or later during the course of treatment is called as | Defaulter | Failure case | Relapse | None of the above | 1b | multi | Failure case: A patient who was initially smeared positive, who began Rx and who remained or became smear positive again at five months or later during the course of Rx. Relapse: A patient who returns sputum smear positive having previously been treated for tuberculosis and declared cured after the completion of his tr... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
f46970af-f42b-4f2f-ab34-e6ff5afa4f5a | Which cholesterol is designated as "Good Cholesterol" | VLDL | LDL | HDL | IDL | 2c | single | HDL
The level of HDL in serum is inversely related to the incidence of ML
As it is "antiatherogenic" or "protective" in nature, HDL is known as "good cholesterol". | Biochemistry | null |
9f37aa48-703b-4ef6-bc64-43eb037928cd | In JVP, a wave is due to? | Atrial filling | Atrial relaxation | Atrial contraction | Ventricular relaxation | 2c | single | Atrial contraction REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th edition Chapter 220 Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugular_ venous_pressure JVP WAVEFORM: Classically three upward deflections and two downward deflections have been described. 1. The " a " wave corresponds to rig... | Physiology | null |
dddf13db-aee8-4ec9-a1b9-d5957805b1f0 | Common site of regional enteritis is ? | Colon | Rectum | Distal ileum and colon | Caecum | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Distal ileum and colon Crohn disease (Terminal ileitis or regional enteritis) Crohn disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is characterized by ? 1) Sharply delimited and typically transmural involvement of the bowel by an inflammatory process with mucosal damage. 2) The presence of ... | Pediatrics | null |
d30d272d-020b-4b50-8570-ae1dfd12b61f | Corrosion product of high copper amalgam | SnO | SnHg | Sn-O Cl | Cu-sn | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
96e5f838-43d3-48e7-855e-0a998ba3e3cd | Dorsal surface of pons is related with? | Trochlear nucleus | Motor nucleus of vagus | Hypoglossal | Facial | 3d | single | The pons can be broadly divided into two pas: the basilar pa of the pons(ventral) and the pontine tegmentum( dorsal)The pontine tegmentum contains nuclei of the cranial nerves -5,6,7,8 and their associated fibre tracts, the pontine reticular formation, the mesopontine cholinergic system, the laterodorsal tegmental nucl... | Anatomy | Brain |
19fd3aed-565b-4c12-9099-db43d4ee3cb6 | The given cell is activated by | IL-1 | IL-2 | IL-5 | IL-6 | 2c | single | TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which recruit and activate eosinophils and are responsible for the alternative pathway of macrophage activationReference: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; 9th edition; Chapter 3; Inflammation and Repair | Pathology | General pathology |
48881834-1d86-4415-b78d-6df107fad8e8 | Commonly used shunt in hydrocephalus management: | Ventriculoatrial | Ventriculoperitoneal | Ventriculopericardial | Ventriculopleural | 1b | single | b. Ventriculoperitoneal(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2814)Therapy for hydrocephalus:Medical management, including use of acetazolamide and furosemide, can provide temporary relief.Most cases of hydrocephalus require extracranial shunts, particularly a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.The major complications of shunting are occlusion... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System |
836c98b6-66f8-44b4-bfeb-9fb646fad8af | Integrated Management of childhood illness includes except | ARI | Malaria | Diarrhea | TB | 3d | multi | IMNCI is Indian adapta on of Global Programme of WHO & UNICEF to reduce childhood morbidity & moality | Pathology | All India exam |
add554eb-7a50-4035-9a74-5664f7dce8f4 | Pyometra is a complication associated with all of the following conditions except : | Carcinoma vulva | Carcinoma cervix | Carcinoma endometrium | Pelvic radiotherapy | 0a | multi | Ans. is a i.e. Carcinoma vulva | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
bb832e49-5964-4dfa-8757-345d6a2a4096 | Which of the following statement is TRUE about endemic typhus? | Is caused by R. rickettsii | Is transmitted by the bite of fleas | Has no mammalian reservoir | Is caused by Coxiella burnetii | 1b | multi | Endemic typhus: Caused by Rickettsia typhi (ubiquitous). Humans usually acquire the infection in an urban or suburban setting when bitten by an infected flea, which releases infected feces while sucking blood. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases is based on serologic analysis rather than isolation of the organ... | Microbiology | null |
3b0a6985-f3ee-49b3-b055-7e7f7c25ecfb | Clopidogrel is an | Anti hypertensive | Antidiabetic | Antiplatelet | Anticoagulant | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
cd693a01-fbf4-4846-8545-3fb27b9fad7e | Contraindication of spinal anaesthesia is – | Hypertension | Renal disease | Clotting disorders | Diabetes | 2c | single | null | Anaesthesia | null |
6b87c9f5-391d-42c1-8437-72371d3d7753 | Urea is formed from which substrate? | Arginine | Orginine | Citruline | Aspaate | 3d | single | A. Steps of Urea Cycle: 1. Formation of Carbamoyl Phosphate: Condensation of ammonium ion with bicarbonate ion resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate by the help of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase-I present in the liver mitochondria. It requires Mg2+ and a dicarboxylic acid i.e. N-acetyl glutamate. T... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
cfc9a4fa-7eb0-40be-a8fe-bc05e6dcff93 | Which of the following statement (s) is/are true about Hb–O2 dissociation curvea) Fetal Hb shifts curve to leftb) Hypothermia shifts curve to leftc) Hypercarbia shifts curve to leftd) Left shift cause more O2 release to tissue | ab | a | ad | bc | 0a | multi | Hb-O2 dissociation curve shift to left indicates more affinity of Hb to O2, and thus less delivery of O2 to tissues.
Shift to left seen in
- Increased pH
- Decreased 2,3 DPG, temperature, PCO2
- HbF (Fetal)
Shift to right seen in
- Decreased pH
- Increased 2,3DPG, temperature, PCO... | Physiology | null |
72822ce1-7bdd-4213-a4b7-c1a5695363f9 | Dose of iron and folic acid in pregrnancy is - | 20 mg iron and 100 mcg FA | 30 mg iron and 250 mcg FA | 100 mg iron and 500 mcg FA | 100 mg iron and 100 mcg FA | 2c | single | During pregnancy, 100 mg iron and 500 mcg FA should be given. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 594 | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
1be32fcc-0ab6-4a58-8c78-a637b9d28430 | Black gun powder composition ? | Charcoal 60% + Potassium nitrate 20% + sulphur 20% | Charcoal 25% + Potassium nitrate 70% + sulphur 05% | Charcoal 15%+ Potassium nitrate 75% + sulphur 10% | Charcoal 65% + Potassium nitrate 20% + sulphur 15% | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Charcoal 15% + Potassium nitrate 75% + sulphur 10% The classical gun powder is known as black powder, consists of charcol (15%), Sulphur (10%), and potassium nitrate (75%). Depending on fineness, the black gun powder is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG. etc. (F = fineness). Pyrodex is another gun powder wi... | Forensic Medicine | null |
c8772169-4d76-4820-91b2-18f43b81a457 | What does the arrow point to in the fundus examination of a myopic patient? | FosterFuchs spot | Lacquer cracks | Arlt line | Myopic crescent | 0a | single | Fundus findings in degenerative myopia:1A pale tessellated ('tigroid') appearance is due to diffuse attenuation of the RPE with visibility of large choroidal vessels.2Focal chorioretinal atrophy is characterized by the visibility of the larger choroidal vessels and eventually the sclera.3Anomalous optic nerve head whic... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
02243e1a-2cec-4556-b273-ec07208cda06 | Corpus leuteum stas regressing after how many days of ovulation ? | 5 days | 10 days | 24 days | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 10 daysIf ovum is not feilized, the corpus luteum stas degenerating around day 24 of cycle (about 10 days after ovulation) and is eventually is replaced by fibrous tissue, forming corpus albicans.Degeneration of corpus luteum is due to decline in level of LH (which is required for maintenance of corpu... | Physiology | null |
5d0fe05c-3bc1-4732-a472-8e592bedc78d | Mildly elevated bilirubin, normal liver enzymes are seen in? | Malaria | Thalassemia | G-6 PD deficie | All of above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above | Pediatrics | null |
173febf1-ce0f-4bff-b74d-0c9f6f1173ff | Which of the following is the first immunoglobulin to appear following infection? | IgG | IgM | IgA | IgE | 1b | single | IgM is the first immunoglobulin to appear after exposure to an antigen. They are relatively sho lived hence their demonstration in the serum indicates recent infection. Normal level of IgM is 1.2mg/ml. It is also the earliest to be synthesized by fetus beginning by about 20 weeks of age. As it cannot cross the placenta... | Microbiology | null |
674108b9-4267-44db-bccb-483f205c674a | Which embryonic structure forms philtrum of upper lip | Maxillary process | Mandibular process. | Medial nasal process. | Lateral nasal process. | 2c | single | null | Anatomy | null |
78d51779-e06a-4b5a-8edc-d119dbde5eef | Anti-craving agents for alcohol dependence are all except aEUR' | Lorazepam | Acamprosate | Topiramate | Naltrexone | 0a | multi | Lorazepam Management of alcohol intoxicationDrugs used areLorazepam (can worsen the vitals because of C.N.S. depression)Haloperidol (can lower the seizure threshold)Other drugs which may be usedZiprasidoneOlanzapineManagement of alcohol withdrawlAll patients should be given oral multiple vitamin B1including 50-100 mg o... | Psychiatry | null |
5a7f96e7-8f9e-48b7-a499-0fa0a8b20c6d | A 5-year old male child has been brought with a complaint that there is only one testis in the scrotum. On examination, it is found that the testis on the opposite side is felt in the inguinal canal. The patient should be advised? | Orchiopexy | To wait till pubey | Orchidectomy | Administration of androgens | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Orchipexy | Surgery | null |
3cbdfa54-372b-4007-a601-efbcc180adf4 | Hemophilia is associated with which chromosome ? | X | Y | 13 | 8 | 0a | single | Hemophilia A and B - X linked recessive disorders. Hemophilia C - Autosomal recessive disorder. X linked recessive disorders SYSTEM DISEASE Musculoskeleton Duchenne Muscular dystrophy Blood Hemophilia A,B Chronic Granulomatous disease G-6-PD deficiency Immune Agammaglobinemia Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Metabolic Diabetes... | Pathology | Clotting factor |
6d1a5ac7-2e55-447f-80be-b3a623ae6830 | Rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis - | Phosphofructokinase-1 | Pyruvate kinase | Fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase | Glucokinase | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase Most imp step =Pyruvate carboxylase, Only step at ER= G 6 Phosphatase RLS - F 1-6 Bisphosphatase. o Gluconeogenesis involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle plus some special reactions. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis share the same pathway but in opposite direction. Seven... | Biochemistry | Gluconeogenesis |
e0550b1a-21d3-452e-94ce-36b5910bfab2 | Most common organism causing neonatal meningitis is | E. coli | Listeria | Pseudomonas | Staph aureus | 0a | single | The most common causes of neonatal meningitis is bacterial infection of the blood, known as bacteremia (specifically group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes . Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | Central Nervous system |
ee31b90b-5445-4b6a-af79-6792157900b8 | Loosening of association is an example of which of the following thought pathology? | Perseveration | Concrete thinking | Formal thought disorder | Schneiderian first rank symptoms | 2c | single | Loosening of associations is an example of formal thought disorder, which is a disturbance in the form of thought rather than content of thought. It is a characteristic feature of schizophrenia.Loosening of association refers to lack of connection between the ideas expressed by the patient. The links between ideas may ... | Psychiatry | null |
b26aca0a-381f-487d-ad5c-ea256eae595d | Virus that has association with anal warts? | HPV | HIV | LMV | EBV | 0a | single | Ans. a (HPV) (Ref. Bailey and Love 24th ed., 61.6)WART# It is a HPV-induced tumor-like lesion known to spontaneous resolution.# Transmission is by direct or intimate contact, the virus material usually being inoculated through an abrasion.# It is well recognised that patients with immune deficiencies develop widespread... | Surgery | Disorders of the Anal Canal |
69b293d4-b2d5-41ee-bb87-f2b21b1bb194 | A person comes into your ER room with a very weak pulse after a suffering a heart attack. You suspect: | The weak pulse has nothing to do with shock or the heart attack, so send him home. | A late stage (decompensated) shock, the least life-threatening stage of shock. | A very early stage (compensated) shock, the most life-threatening stage of shock. | A late stage (decompensated) shock, the most life-threatening stage of shock | 3d | single | D: A very weak pulse shows that the heart is slowly ceasing to function as a result of pumping too hard.
A: The patient should not be sent home; close observation is necessary.
B: This stage is a life-threatening stage as the heart could tire itself out and stop functioning.
C: An early stage of shock shows a rapid, b... | Medicine | null |
e54f486a-4313-41a4-9d1d-1822d73c60c7 | Commonest cause of death in peptic ulcer patients is - | Perforation | Hemorrhage | Pyloric stenosis | Maliganancy | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
3835f6d7-c8bc-474d-bfba-0a24b0b9e322 | Obesity predisposes to all, except ? | Diabetes | Colon cancer | Lung cancer | Breast cancer | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lung cancerObesity increases the risk of following diseases :-Greatly increased risk : NIDDM, gall bladder disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, sleep apnea and breathlessness.Moderately increased risk : Type-2 DM, hypeension, CHD, osteoahritis (knee), hyperuricemia and gout.Slight increased ris... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5a4dc59a-3894-4b21-94d7-ae15cd65c29a | Kleiheur Bethke test is done for? | Cephalopelvic disproportion | Fetomaternal haemorrhage | Determining karyotype of normal fetus | Diagnosing fetal infections | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Fetomaternal haemorrhage(Ref: Oski's Pediatrics: Principles & Practice, chapter 66; Dacie 11th/pg 307)APT test for differentiation of fetal & adult (maternal) hemoglobin in stool or vomitusMix 1 volume of sample with 5 volumes of water.Centrifuge mixture and remove clear-pink supernatant solution containing he... | Pathology | Misc. (R.B.C) |
9b493010-e148-4a6a-b26c-0214b693a923 | In the video you can see a testicular procedure being done. This is the testicular sperm aspiration for azoospermic men. Which of the following procedures can be performed to help this couple have a successful embryo formation in the A "Assisted Reproductive Technology" Lab. | Intra cytoplasmic Sperm Injection | In Vitro Feilization | Intra Uterine Insemination | Intra Vaginal insemination of the aspirated sperms | 0a | single | ICSI can be performed to help this couple have a successful embryo formation in the A In this one sperm is directly injected into mature egg prior to intrauterine transfer of the feilized eggs ICSI should be offered if the semen analysis shows <5 million motile sperm, | or absent motility of sperms. Many abnormal sperm... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Infeility (Eggs'plantation!) |
0a6afecc-fd25-4666-9aa1-6604604a57f7 | Nitisinone is an example of | Enzyme activation therapy | Enzyme replacement therapy | Substrate addition therapy | Substrate reduction therapy | 3d | multi | Nitisinone is prescribed for infantile tyrosinemia because it decreases production of the substrate (fumarylacetoacetate) for the hydrolase, thus decreasing the velocity of the reaction preventing substrate accumulation. | Biochemistry | Phenylalanine and Tyrosine metabolism Detail |
b3db1611-8fcb-4ef9-99b3-82e5eac51d4d | In which one of the following infection dendritic ulcer is seen? | Herpes simplex | Measles | Pseudomonas | Gonococcal infection | 0a | single | A dendritic corneal ulcer is the hallmark sign of HSV infection, accompanied by stromal keratitis in more severe infection. These ulcers may begin as nondescript punctate keratopathies but quickly coalesce to form the familiar branching patterns. Because the virus invades and compromises the epithelial cells surroundin... | Ophthalmology | null |
9996b317-f498-4c47-9890-ca9b2a5d8f99 | Durkheim work wras related to - | Recommendation of multipurpose worker | Management in Health manpower | Division of labor | Integration of medical and health services | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Division of labor o Four major works of Durkheim are1) Division of Labor in society.2) Rules of sociological methods.3) Suicide4) Elementary forms of religious life. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health Planning and Management |
e79ba591-027f-4f27-a282-79150c47c629 | The hea lesion not found in Congenital Rubella infection is: | ASD | VSD | PDA | PS | 0a | single | Answer is A (ASD) ASD is the single best answer of exclusion. Cardiac anomalies in congenital rubella are mentioned differently in different books ! We have chosen ASD as the one to be excluded as both GHAI & CPDT mention VSD as a finding is cases of congenital rubella. Neveheless Harrison mentions ASD as well, and so ... | Medicine | null |
6731c08c-ef84-4c1e-a5bf-635c272ca9d7 | Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scoring system is used as a scoring system to - | To predict postoperative cardiac risk | To predict postoperative pulmonary complications | To evaluate prognosis in the critical care settings | To evaluate prognosis after acute myocardial infarction | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
19e09a43-55bd-4e41-a3c8-929ddf833462 | Lesions in Face -- False statement is: | Suture done as early as possible | Full thickness graft is used | Suture perpendicular to Langer's line | Stitch removed at 2 weeks | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Stitch removed at 2 weeksRef: Bailey and Love 27th edition, Page 93* Repair face wounds as early in <24hours* In case of grafting -- Full thickness graft taken from behind ear gives good cosmetic match* Incision is always done parallel to Langer's lines and sutures are made perpendicular to them for cosmetic a... | Surgery | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery |
f2e31b0d-af81-48cb-ac6c-9345c5382db2 | Sirolimus is more likely than cyclosporine to cause: | Hypeension | Osteoporosis | Renal insufficiency | Thrombocytopenia | 3d | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p840) Cyclosporine and tacrolimus cause nephrotoxicity as an adverse effect. Sirolimus (rapamycin) results in bone marrow suppression and thus may cause anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
2889f907-c3c0-48e7-a104-f4f06bc46dbf | Intraepidermal blisters are seen in all of the following condition excepts | Pemphigus foliaceous | Pemphigus vulgaris | Paraneoplastic pemphigus | Pemphigoid | 3d | multi | Level of cleavage & blistering disorders- IADVL textbook of dermatology, page 1088 Intraepidermal Subcorneal / granular/upper spinous 1. Pemphigus erythematosus 2. Pemphigus foliaceous 3. Subcorneal pustular dermatosis 4. IgA pemphigus subscorneal pustular dermatosus type 5. Bullous congenital icthyosiform erythroderma... | Dental | Vestibulobullous disorders |
fb9f4ae7-5146-4823-830b-0bddc69543ff | Which of the following has least ability to regenerate? | Liver | Bone | Collagen | Striated muscle | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
b4a5d449-9209-4fed-94c3-09a7c3ea169b | Pityriasis rosea clears with in? | 1-2 weeks | 2-4 weeks | 4-8 weeks | 6-12 weeks | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 6-12 weeks * P. rosea is self limiting disease, subsides with 6-12 weeks.Pityriasis rosea* P. rosea is a common scaly disorder, occuring usually in children and young adults (10-35 years). Characterized by round/oval pink brown patches with a superficial, centrifugal scale, distributed over trunk in a... | Skin | Miscellaneous |
ccba9258-e5a3-4b2f-8dd8-50164911e229 | Phenol red test/ Methyl red thread test for dry eye, true is | Need instillation of anesthesia before doing the test | Need a ph meter to interpret | Color changes if there is mucin deficiency | Color changes from white to red on contact with tear film and is used to measure the dryness status of eye | 3d | multi | Phenol Red Thread test is the test to detect dry eye severity. When in contact with tear film it changes its colour from white to yellow to red. Its main advantage over Schirmertest is: a)It is Less time consuming as compared to schirmer test(15 sec) b)Anaesthesia of cornea is not required c)On the contact of tear stri... | Ophthalmology | Nasolacrimal Disorders |
f66dc075-7940-4ab1-aefe-eaca788c77c3 | Which of the following radioisotopes is commonly used as a source for external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients? | Strontium-89 | Radium-226 | Cobalt-59 | Cobalt-60 | 3d | single | Ans. Cobalt-60 | Radiology | null |
720ad3f8-bd97-46ef-a3d2-956bfcc20fee | The antero-posterior diameter of the lens is increased in all except | Intumescent cataract | Accommodation | Weill-Marchesani syndrome | Morgagnian cataract | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Morgagnian cataractOption a - In cortical cataract, due to progressive hydration, swelling (increase in AP diameter) of the lens occurs making the anterior chamber shallow.Option b - Increase in the anterior lens capsule curvature with axial lens thickness due to the action of ciliary muscle on zonules.Option ... | Ophthalmology | Lens |
e3afdb34-2f23-46b1-8c92-7f55457236bd | Earliest sign in X-ray in TB spine- | Paravertebral shadow | Narrowing of disc space | Gibbus | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans- B Narrowing of disc space First clinical sign of TB Spine = Paraspinal muscle spasm First clinical sign of Pott paraplegia = Ankle Clonus > Extensor Plantar > Spasticity First X-ray Sign of Pott spine = Reduction of disc space End result of Pott spine = bony ankylosis Loss of Spinal curvature is a non specific X-r... | Unknown | null |
e21c572c-7641-4ba0-93f8-aca084487f50 | Which of the following Anti neoplastic drugs SHOULD NOT be given by rapid IV infusion? | Cyclophosphamide | Cisplatin | Bleomycin | Cytosine arabinoside | 1b | single | Ans. is `b ' i.e., Cisplatin o Cisplatin is the most common culprit causing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, therefore cisplatin is given as slow i.v. infusion(never bolus) to prevent vomiting. | Pharmacology | null |
2d043eeb-a1c2-43c9-acb4-594b6e1c37df | Aspirin is contraindicated in a patient who is on treatment with: | Prednisolone | Warfarin | Theophylline | Oral contraceptives | 1b | single | Aspirin can displace warfarin from protein binding sites elevating the free drug level, leading to prolongation of both bleeding time and prothrombin time. So it should not be used in patients on anticoagulation therapy due to increased risk of bleeding. Other drugs which were found to increase the level of warfarin ar... | Pharmacology | null |
0a568a27-c005-445f-ab2f-fee777a5790c | Cause of sudden loss of vision in a diabetic is due to: | Neovascular glaucoma | Central retinal aery occlusion | Vitreous hemorrhage | None of the above | 2c | multi | Commonest cause of sudden loss of vision in a diabetic is vitreous hemorrhage Slow loss of vision in a diabetic is due to Cystoid macular edema Neovascular glaucoma | Ophthalmology | FMGE 2018 |
0d519093-8331-441f-8118-45dcb2621092 | Late hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with | Macrosomia | lUGR | Postmaturity | Congenital malformation | 0a | single | Fetal macrosomia Definition: Those infants exceeding the 90th percentile for a given gestational week are usually used as the threshold for macrosomia or large-for-gestational age (LGA) bihweight The primary effect attributed to gestational diabetes is excessive fetal size or macrosomia Maternal hyperglycemia prompts f... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy |
5f48d90a-b7aa-43dd-8402-ca6ecee6ebc9 | PMA index is used to record the status of: | Gingival disease | Carious teeth | Root caries | Periodontal disease | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
9783eb08-29c3-4ae5-8587-366082dcd36a | All are features of emergence delirium with ketamine anesthesia except:- | Visual illusions | Coical blindness | No hallucination | Auditory, proprioceptive and confusional illusions | 2c | multi | Despite its reputation as a hallucinogen, sub-anesthetic ketamine does not consistently produce frank hallucinations. 5 - 30 % patients receiving intravenous ketamine has incidence of postoperative delirium and hallucination associated with it. prevention and treatment - intravenous midazolam | Anaesthesia | Intravenous Anesthetic Agents |
8d7fa9d7-af76-416e-a8d9-d6640a839701 | Phlegmon is a | Sexually transmitted disease | Type of celtulites | Type of osteomyelitis | Venereal disease | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
38b22b85-984d-443c-81a8-98d537b2b8e0 | Which of these fatty acids is found exclusively in breast milk: | Linolaete | Linolenic | Palmitic | Docosahexanoic acid | 3d | single | D i.e. Docosahexanoic Acid Most of the naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are cis-isomers. Trans-FA do not occur naturally in plants and occurs only in small amounts in animals as ruminant fat (eg butter fat) arising from the action of micro organisms in rumen. Cis isomers are less stable than trans FA.- Trans... | Biochemistry | null |
543f0aeb-eed5-4869-9ac1-884909e1a46c | Mixed parotid tumour arises from - | Epithelium | Epithelium + Mesenchymal | Mesenchymal | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Surgery | null |
4f34d9df-b78c-41a2-b43b-9dda2c8affd9 | A pregnant lady presented with painless bleeding in the 3rd trimester. Most common cause will be | Placenta previa | Abruptio placentae | Vesicular mole | none | 0a | multi | Ans a Ref: Sheila balakrishna obs, page 157Clinical features of placenta previaSymptomsClassical presentation of painless antepartum haemorrhage. Recurrent initial bleeding is unusually not severeSignsPallor proportionate to amount of bleedingSize of the uterus correspond to period of amenorrhoeaUterus soft, non tender... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
3453950d-ac35-4677-83ea-9b562e94d8e9 | Drugs used in ADHD are – | Atomoxetine | Methylphenidate | Dextroamphetamine | All the above | 3d | multi | null | Pediatrics | null |
9e384746-9205-4554-aff1-2c6df103b8ba | Which of the following is a mitochondrial enzyme of Urea Cycle | Arginase | Carbamoyl Phosphate synthetase I | Arginosuccinate lyase | Arginosuccinate synthetase. | 1b | single | CPS - I is a mitochondrial enzyme and catalyses rate limiting step of Urea Cycle.
All the Cytoplasmic enzymes of urea cycle start with letter "A". | Biochemistry | null |
9e879d62-0a47-4443-aa5e-1cd2aad4fbdc | On electron microscopy amyloid characteristically exhibits: | B-plated sheets | Hyaline globules | 7.5-10 nm fibrils | 20-25 nm fibrils | 2c | multi | Propeies of Amyloid Proteins: -Physical Nature of Amyloid: Electron microscopy-- Continuous, non-branching fibrils with a diameter of approximately 7.5 to 10 nm. X-ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy-- Cross-b-pleated sheet conformation. This conformation is responsible for the distinctive Congo red staining ... | Pathology | Amyloidosis |
d92be5bd-1d67-4ea0-9e60-01fb598ce63e | New name of mental retardation according to American Association of Mental Retardation: | Feeble Mindedness | Madness | Intellectual disability | Mentally unstable | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Intellectual disabilityRef: First Aid for the Psychiatry Clerkship 4th Ed; Page No-122-23Intellectual disability (ID, intellectual developmental disorder) replaces the term mental retardation (MR) as per US law (Rosas Law), with the intention of decreasing stigmatization.ID is characterized by severely impaired... | Psychiatry | Mental Retardation |
79e642b8-e423-4b53-a3d1-57977ea565e4 | A 35-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past 24 hours. A chest radiograph shows large, bilateral pleural effusions. Thoracentesis yields 500 mL of slightly cloudy yellow fluid from the right pleural cavity. Cytologic examination of the fluid shows many neutrophils, but no lymphocytes or RBCs. Which of the ... | Arteriolar vasoconstriction | Endothelial contraction | Inhibition of platelet adherence | Lymphatic obstruction | 1b | single | Exudation of fluid from venules and capillaries is a key component of the acute inflammatory process. Several mechanisms of increased vascular permeability have been proposed, including formation of interendothelial gaps by contraction of endothelium. This contraction can be caused by mediators such as histamine and le... | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair |
39c76adb-bf3f-4924-b11a-b47337e88195 | A 13-year old girl came to the casualty with acute lower abdominal pain. She had a cyclical pain for the last 6 months. She has not yet attained her menarche. On examination, a tense bulge was seen in the region of the hymen. The most probable diagnosis is? | Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome | Imperforate hymen | Asherman's syndrome | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 1b | single | Imperforate hymen: congenital disorder where a hymen without an opening completely obstructs the vaginal outflow. Prevents the drainage of menstrual blood. This results in the accumulation of blood in the vagina leading to hematocolpos. This is visualised as the tense bulge. In long standing cases it can even lead to h... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception |
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