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9c832e6b-0056-4f00-a7b6-7ee818e4be14 | The mechanism of learning and memory, include all except: | Changes in level of neurotransmitter at synapse | Increasing protein synthesis | Recruitment by multiplication of neurons | Spatial Reorganization of synapse | 2c | multi | C i.e. Recruitment by multiplication of neurons | Physiology | null |
db2a20ce-0d79-46e3-bc34-2dd30640d80e | Intestinal polyps that have highest potential to grow into cancer | Inflammatory polyp | Adenomatous polyp | Hyperplastic polyp | Hamaomatous polyp | 1b | single | Classification of intestinal polypsInflammatory Inflammatory polyps (pseudopolyps in UC)Metaplastic Metaplastic or hyperplastic polypsHamaomatous Peutz-Jeghers polypJuvenile polypNeoplastic AdenomaTubularTubulovillousVillousAdenocarcinomaCarcinoid tumourRef: Bailey and Love, 27e, page: 1259 | Surgery | G.I.T |
cb5c47ae-5665-4d47-9c1b-bcdc8faf165b | Which of the following factors will not influence the rate at which a meal will leave the stomach? | Acidification of the duodenum. | Increasing the tonicity of the intestine. | Saline in the duodenum. | Lipid in the intestine. | 2c | single | Fat in the intestine, low pH, and increased osmolarity of intestinal contents will reduce gastric emptying. This reflex is mediated through neuronal and endocrine factors comprising the enterogastric reflex. Saline in the intestine will not affect gastric emptying. | Physiology | null |
d1ce7f7f-83ac-4cb5-903c-a7a46ee97a6a | A 33-year-old patient is suffering from a sudden occlusion at the origin of the descending (thoracic) aoa. This condition would most likely decrease blood flow in which of the following intercostal aeries? | Upper six anterior | All of the posterior | Upper two posterior | Lower six posterior | 3d | multi | The first two posterior intercostal aeries are branches of the highest (superior) intercostal aery of the costocervical trunk; the remaining nine branches are from the thoracic aoa. The internal thoracic aery gives off the upper six anterior intercostal aeries and is divided into the superior epigastric and musculophre... | Anatomy | Thorax: Aerial supply |
0d3c6af4-e81f-4630-b9d0-9af28748b290 | Nifedipine and beta-blocker are given together - | To decrease pedal edema due to nifedipine | To overcome increased sympathetic activity of nifedipine | Anti CHF action of propranolol | Antiarrhythmic effect of nifedipine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., To overcome increased sympathetic activity of Nifedipine b-Blocker is given along with Nifedipine because a) Reflex tachycardia (Increased sympathetic activity) caused due to Nifedipine, is prevented by b-blocker. b) b-blockers cause dilatation of coronary aeries by unopposed a-mediated vasoconstricti... | Pharmacology | null |
bcd58e07-684b-485a-bd3e-475b0c6963ae | Marfan's syndrome associated with? | Retinal detachment | Vitreous hemorrhage | Ectopia lentis | Roth spots | 2c | single | Ectopia lentis REF: Khurana 4th ed p. 422, Pediatric ophthalmology: A clinical guide by Pamela Gallin Table 8-7 "Marfan's syndrome is the most common cause of subluxated lens of childhood" Differential diagnosis of dislocated/subluxated lens: Trauma Ectopia lentis et pupillae Aniridia Syphilis Megalocornea (X linked re... | Ophthalmology | null |
54a4b352-50e2-4765-b890-0b3af5eb6ab8 | True regarding the contractive of graft is | Thicker the graft more the secondary contracture | Thinner the graft more the primary contracture | Thicker the graft more is primary and secondary contracture | Thinner the graft more the secondary contracture | 3d | multi | Thicker the graft more the primary contracture. Thinner the graft more the secondary contracture. | Surgery | null |
a9a8b996-bc80-44c0-96b9-b613dcab1cf1 | Sleep spindles and K complexes occur in which phase of the sleep cycle | REM | Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | 2c | single | Sleep spindles are sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity generated during stage 2 of NREM sleep.K complexes are large waves that react to external stimuli while sleeping also seen during stage 2 of NREM sleep. | Physiology | Nervous system |
fafc2d78-48bd-4ad5-ac8b-7cd0864379f4 | In a patient with wide-complex tachycardia, the presence of all of the following in the ECG indicates ventricular tachycardia except | Atrioventricular dissociation | Fusion beats | Typical right bundle branch block | Capture beats | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Typical right bundle branch block) Wide complex tachycardia due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) is characterized by bizzare QRS pattern that does not mimic typical RBBB or LBBB QRS complexes The presence of wide QRS complex tachycardia with typical RBBB or LBBB suggests supraventricular tachycardia with ab... | Medicine | null |
d783f6e8-4d20-40a3-8e47-e79437415e0c | Best test for lung fibrosis- | Chest xray | MRI | HRCT | Biopsy | 2c | single | Chest X ray may be normal in individuals with early or limited disease.HRCT typically demonstrates a patchy,predominantly peripheral,subpleural and basal reticular pattern, and,in more advanced disease,the presence of honeycombing cysts and traction bronchiectasis.When these features are present,HRCT has a high positiv... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
e328deb7-d07a-452c-80bb-fcc090927276 | Structure not passing through the esophageal hiatus - | Left phrenic nerve | Right vagus nerve | Left vagus nerve | Left gastric artery | 0a | single | Oesophageal opening
- Level- T10
- At muscular portion derived from right crus
- Structures transmitted
Oesophagus
Oesophageal branch of the left gastric artery
Vagus nerve | Anatomy | null |
d12a32d4-035f-47c9-a81b-a1312746c2ef | Atropine is added to pyridostigmine in treatment of myasthenia gravis due to: | To prevent the central excitation | To decrease the muscarinic side effects | To prolong the effect of neostigmine | To delay the progression of disease | 1b | single | Ans. B. To decrease the muscarinic side effectsTreatment of myasthenia gravisa. Anticholinesterase - Pyridostigmine, an intermediate-acting agent, is preferred in clinical use to the shorter-acting neostigmine bromide and the longer-acting Ambenonium chloride. Dosing is every 6 hours for pyridostigmine and every 4 hour... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
07743d5a-8055-40a3-93b0-77f8cfdce033 | In a case of undifferentiated arthritis, presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti CCP) indicates strong possibility of which of the following? | Rheumatoid arthritis | Systemic lupus erythematosis | Mixed connective tissue disorder | Reactive arthritis | 0a | single | Anticitrullinated peptide antibody test (Anti ccp) test is more specific than rheumatoid factor for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. It may be positive very early in the course of the disease. | Orthopaedics | null |
8c72d5b4-052c-4889-b273-1fda0f9c5237 | True about polio vaccination is all EXCEPT: | Follow up of AFP every 30 days | Salk contains three types of polio virus | Pulse polio doses are extra and supplemental | Oral polio vaccine provides intestinal immunity also | 0a | multi | Follow up of AFP every 30 days REF: Park 20thedition page 180-184 AFP surveillance is done every 60 days to check for residual paralysis Salk contains all three types of polio virus inactivated by formalin, contains 20,2 & 4D antigen of types 1,2 and 3 The doses of OPV given during pulse polio immunization are extra an... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
fb326aab-b325-4f7f-a1cc-00f2e1d19eae | Maximum audible tolerance is? (As per factory Act) | 90 db for 6 hours | 90 db for 8 hours | 85 db for 6 hours | 85 db for 8 hours | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) 90 db for 8 hoursREF: Dhingras 3rd ed page 46According to ministry of labour government of IndiaA noise of 90 db, 8 hrs a day for 5 days per week is maximum safe limit.No exposure in excess of 115 db is permittedNo impulse noise of intensity greater than 140 db is permitted.Persons working in area where noi... | ENT | Physiology of Ear |
d5afbe4c-6ad4-4dfe-a90a-9ee4381b294b | Which of the following is the principal mode of heat exchange in an Infant incubator? | Radiation | Evaporation | Convection | Conduction | 2c | single | Infants lose heat from the skin to the environment by the following methods: Convection :This is the loss of heat from the infant&;s skin to the surrounding air. Infants lose a lot of heat by convection when exposed to cold air or draughts. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | New born infants |
ccd13a69-f98d-4570-afb0-352249608047 | Complication of acute anterior uveitis are all EXCEPT | Secondary glaucoma | Cataract | Retinal detachment | Macular oedema | 2c | multi | C i.e. Retinal detachment | Ophthalmology | null |
15b40e83-aa2e-4955-82ba-bfe1cdcf2a75 | Lymphatics from the upper limb drain into which group of axillary nodes? | Anterior group | Lateral group | Central group | Posterior group | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lateral groupLateral group:Lie along the upper pa of the humerus, medial to the axillary vein.Receive lymph from upper limb. | Anatomy | null |
7d9cae75-8068-4952-9a9d-3febf97ebe2d | Beta adrenergic blocker having cardioselectivity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and membrane stabilizing propey is: | Carvedilol | Atenolol | Acebutolol | Metoprolol | 2c | single | Acebutolol is cardioselective Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and membrane stabilizing propey * Cardioselective Beta blockers : Metoprolol, Atenolol , Acebutolol , Bisoprolol , Nebivolol These drugs are more potent in blocking cardiac (Beta 1) than bronchial (Beta 2) receptors. However, selectivity... | Pharmacology | ANS |
9e95a4b0-841a-44c3-90ec-6a918b91e10e | Hypokalemia is associated frequently with | Metabolic acidosis | Metabolic alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis | 1b | single | Insulin, b2-adrenergic activity, thyroid hormone, and alkalosis promote Na+/K+-ATPase-mediated cellular uptake of K+, leading to hypokalemia. Causes of Hypokalemia I. Decreased intake A. Starvation B. Clay ingestion II. Redistribution into cells A. Acid-base 1. Metabolic alkalosis B. Hormonal 1. Insulin 2. Increased b2... | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
ae984c48-f819-4358-8fac-4b97ec00fccd | Which pa of the renal system produces and secretes renin? | JG cells | Macula densa | Tubular cells | All of the above | 0a | multi | The renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells). These epitheloid cells are located in the media of the afferent aerioles as they enter the glomeruli. Renin is also found in agranular lacis cells that are located in the junction between the afferent and efferent aerioles. This enzyme acts in conce with an... | Physiology | null |
6892a2af-eb5d-41b4-a465-0c3b14d035b6 | Lucid interval may be seen in ? | Intracerebral hemorrhage | Alcohol intake | Insanity | Subdural hemorrhage | 2c | single | Ans. is `e' i.e., Insanity Lucid interval is seen in insanity and epidural haemorrhage. Lucid interval is a state of consciousness between two episodes of unconsciousness in subacute/chronic epidural haemorrhage. It is significant that during this period (lucid interval), the person can : (i) Make a valid will, (ii) Ca... | Forensic Medicine | null |
d9350a2c-98e4-4be1-be5c-f24cf6293662 | In presence of Halden effect, CO2 uptake is 2 ml/ 100 ml of blood in aeries, what will be CO2 uptake in absence of Haldone effect in veins ? | 2 ml/100 ml of blood | 4 ml/100 ml of blood | 6 ml/100 ml of blood | 8 ml/100 ml of blood | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 4 ml/100 ml of blood | Physiology | null |
eba3c443-abeb-4e38-99d7-74b07d197dc0 | Contents of broad ligament are all except | Round ligament | Uterine vessels | Infundibulopelvic Ligament | Internal pudendal artery | 3d | multi | Internal pudendal artery is not content of broad ligament. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
cce1aa51-930b-493d-a449-8c3297fefe7b | A healthy 75-year-old man bleeds from a duodenal ulcer. Medical management and endoscopic measures fail to stop the bleeding. What is the next step in management? | Continued transfusion of 8 U of blood | Administration of norepinephrine | Oversewing of the bleeding point | Oversewing of the bleeding point, vagotomy. and pyloroplasty | 3d | multi | In general, surgery for peptic ulcer bleeding is indicated at an earlier stage in an older patient because vessels are atherosclerotic and less likely to stop bleeding spontaneously. In addition, diminished perfusion of the heart, brain, and kidneys is less well tolerated in elderly patients. At surgery, the gastroduod... | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum |
66eccde8-14d9-4deb-82ea-cd6fbccb9667 | After radical mastectomy there was injury to the long thoracic nerve. The integrity of the nerve can be tested at the bedside by asking the patient to:- | Shrug the shoulders | Raise the arm above the head on the affected side | Touch the opposite shoulder | Lift a heavy object from the ground | 1b | multi | Nerve Muscle Movement long thoracic nerve serratus anterior overhead abduction. spinal accessory nerve trapezius Shrugging of shoulder Lateral and medial pectoral nerves Pectoralis major touching the opposite shoulder. | Anatomy | Upper limb bones and muscles (proximal region) & Scapular movements |
039a2b9b-bf96-42e4-967e-2fbbe839b96f | Which of the following is not true about tryptophan? | Involved in niacin synthesis | Involved in serotonin synthesis | Involved in melatonin synthesis | It is a non essential amino acid. | 3d | multi | Tryptophan is an essential aminoacid. It is used in the synthesis of Melatonin, serotonin and niacin. | Biochemistry | null |
8f007e2d-bb43-4fc0-9990-19af15c96939 | 25 year old patient presented with mass in rt iliac fossa. Which after laparotomy was found to be carcinoid of 2.5 cm. in diameter. What will be next step in management - | Segmental resection | Appendicetomy | Rt. hemicolectomy | Do yearly 5 HIAA assay. | 2c | multi | null | Surgery | null |
578847df-3ec3-4fde-8ea0-3ab69f279392 | Which is not a metastatic complication of gonococci - | Endocarditis | Meningitis | Nephritis | Arthritis | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
5d4514a4-98e5-4045-8bf5-4261c4f98e57 | Regarding International Classification of Diseases untrue is | Revised every 10 years | 10th revision has 15 major chapters | Is base for use in other health fields | Coding system in 10th revision is alpha numerical | 1b | multi | Ans. b (10th revision has 15 major chapters) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/ 47)INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES (ICD)# It is conducted by the WHO every 10 years and accepted for national and international use.# Since its inception, ICD has been revised about once every 10 years; the latest revision, the 10th revision, ca... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Miscellaneous |
e0dac310-7fb0-45bf-8eba-c777131574bb | False regarding calcium homeostasis in pregnancy is? | Serum non ionized calcium levels fall | Serum ionized calcium levels fall | Intestinal absorption of calcium increased | Levels of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D are increased | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Serum ionized calcium levels fallTotal serum calcium levels, (which include both ionized and non-ionized calcium), decline during pregnancy, reduction follows lowered plasma albumin concentrations and, a consequent decrease in the amount of circulating protein- bound non ionized calcium. Serum ionized calcium l... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiological changes during Pregnancy |
9f97a5b7-7b68-4c7f-b4e1-be64d218a591 | The ‘a’ wave in venous waveform is absent in case of | AV dissociation | Atrial fibrillation | Tricuspid incompetency | All of the above | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
6eefba3d-9f28-47d7-9cb3-a58d1c451cdf | Commonest form of anthrax is - | Wool sorters disease | Alimentary type | Cutaneous type | None of the above | 2c | multi | null | Surgery | null |
bb9a81c7-106b-4db9-a007-98e11d8ddea1 | Anencephaly causes all except : | Prematurity | Face presentation | Hydramnios | None | 3d | multi | None | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1e6b146b-fa7f-446e-af5a-98ede9b2b469 | A 30-year-old restrained driver was involved in a motor-vehicle crash. He is hemodynamically stable and has a large seat belt sign on the abdomen. His abdomen is tender to palpation. In this patient one should be most concerned about: | Liver and spleen injury | Transection of the head of the pancreas | Renal pedicle avulsion | Hollow-viscus injuries | 3d | multi | While all the injuries listed are potential problems in this patient, the most severe is blunt hollow viscus injury. A delay in diagnosis beyond 12 hours is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There may be very few physical signs of a viscus perforation and CT findings may be subtle and not definitive. A... | Surgery | Trauma |
2bed1804-06c2-48ab-b82e-1cfa9eb2a97f | A young pregnant woman presents with fulminant hepatic failure. The most likely aetiological agent is: | Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis C virus | Hepatitis E virus | Hepatitis A virus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hepatitis E virus(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, 550 and 8th/e, p. 546)* Fulminant hepatitis may occur rarely in 1 - 2% of cases, except for the pregnant women who are particularly at higher risk (20%) of developing fulminant hepatitis. | Microbiology | Hepatitis Viruses |
a800c4bc-4106-4d3e-9340-f18bcb2606f2 | Vogt&;s triad is indicative of | Past attack of herpes zoster ophthalmicus | Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome | Past attack of acute iridocyclitis | Past attack of acute-angle closure glaucoma | 3d | single | Vogt&;s triad of clinical signs of past acute angle closure glaucoma includes sector iris atrophy, pigment dispersion on corneal endothelium and anterior subcapsular cataractous changes called Glaukomflecken. Ref:- Parsons diseases of eye; pg num:-298 | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
80a35d62-c1b3-4984-af9c-fca9628e3c44 | Retienloeyte level in newborn's ? | 0.2–1.5% | 1–1.6% | 2.5–6% | 6–10.2% | 2c | single | Reticulocyte count is the percentage of reticulocytes in total red blood cells. | Pediatrics | null |
4301eb46-fe67-4d68-a9d4-9347b53b7a58 | "Kayser - Fleischer rings" seen in | Wilson's disease | a -1 Antitrypsin deficiency | Haemochromatosis | Primary biliary cirrhosis | 0a | single | (Wilson's disease) (648 - HM) (656- Basic pathology 8th)* Greenish brown pigmented rings in the periphery of the cornea (Kayer - Fleischer rings) seen in Wilson's disease* In wilson disease, deposition of copper occurs | Pathology | Liver & Biliary Tract |
68bb4b63-ef08-48c7-bd71-8b7d1ceb2646 | Which of these is true of fetal haemoglobin? | HbF binds more avidly to to 2,3 DPG | HbF is completely replaced by HbA at the time of bih | HbA first appears in fetal blood at 11 weeks when bone marrow stas hematopoiesis | With Sickle cell anemia very low amounts of HbF is produced | 2c | multi | Hb F binds less avidly to 2,3 DPG than HbA and thus has higher affinity for oxygen than HbA Almost 65 to 90% of haemoglobin at bih is HbF. After bih HbF gamma gene is switched off and HbA beta gene is switched on so more and more HbA is formed. Sickle cell patients have relatively high amounts of fetal Hb. HbA first ap... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Fetal circulation |
d992e46e-da23-4d39-97a1-2df7c3a14767 | Dawn phenomenon refers to - | Early morning hyperglycemia | Early morning hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia | High insulin levels | 0a | single | The dawn phenomenon, also called the dawn effect, is the term used to describe an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar (glucose) -- usually between 2 and 8 a.m. -- in people with diabetes. It arises through a combination of the normal circadian rhythm and release of counter-regulatory hormones (growth hormone... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
4bdae011-b965-4677-9603-3c18a2d8f27e | Bisphosphonates are useful in all EXCEPT: | Hypercalcemia of malignancy | Vitamin D excess | Postmenopausal osteoporosis | Paget disease | 1b | multi | ANSWER: (B) Vitamin D excessREF: KDT 6th ed page 333, Lippincot 6th ed page 758, Year Book of Endocrinology 2013 - Page 179See details of Bisphosphonates in Pharmacology 2013 Session 2 | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
03466028-c851-4195-9180-af8923114028 | Galactorrhoea due to ectopic prolactin is seen in a) Malignant thymoma b) Bronchogenic carcinoma c) Medullary carcinoma thyroid d) Hypemephroma | abc | bd | bcd | cd | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
4ce09107-6530-44db-9646-987f19e6f592 | True about Anorexia nervosa | Is more common than bulimia | Can have a low T4 in the presence of a normal T3 | May have a hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis | Is associated with constipation more commonly than diarrhea | 3d | multi | Is associated with constipation more commonly than diarrhoea T3 is more o en low with an apparently normal T4. Diarrhoea may occur with laxative abuse but constipation is commonest with inherent hypomotility of the gut. | Pathology | All India exam |
32becfae-96b7-412a-9c12-e597716834dc | The following name is associated with psychodynamic theory | Carl Jung | Sigmund Freud | Emil Kraeplin | Eugen Bleuler | 1b | single | Contributor: Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939) Coined the Term: Free association, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamics, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, Penis envy, Primal scene, Ego defence mechanisms, Repression, Psychological determinism, Pleasure principle, Reality principle Special Mention: Founder of psychoanalysis; some of ... | Psychiatry | Cognitive development and defence mechanism |
27c89b71-0f36-493d-8477-3b0b5bf9303a | A primigravida with full term pregnancy in labor for 1 day is brought to casualty after dia handing. On examination she is dehydrated, slightly pale, bulse 100/min, BP120 / 80 mm Hg. abdominal examination reveals a fundal height of 36 weeks, cephalic presentation, foetal hea absent, mild uterine contractions present. O... | Cesarean section | Oxytocin drip | Ventouse delivery | Craniotomy and vaginal delivery | 2c | multi | Ventouse delivery | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
46ba59c5-72e2-4f18-bb87-bf297a2f73f7 | A laboratory experiment is performed to evaluate the chemotactic potential of a group of potential mediators. Which of the following substances most likely has the greatest affinity for neutrophils? | C5a | Fucosyl transferase | P-selectin | TNF-a | 0a | single | Several substances have chemotactic potential for neutrophils. C5a is a prominent example Chemotactic Factors Factor Description Chemotactic For Formylated peptides Bacterial products of Escherichia coli Neutrophils C5a Activated complement component Neutrophils HETE, LTB Leukotrienes Neutrophils Kallikrein Product of ... | Pathology | Chemical mediators in plasma: Kinin system |
260d533f-b646-42ef-ab09-dfb6b13c362d | Antihelminthic which acts by flaccid paralysis of worms is- | Piperazine | Bephenium | Pyrantel | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Piperazine Piperazine o It causes hyperpolarization of ascaris muscle by a GABA agonistic action opening Cl-channels --> flaccid paralysis. o Piperazine safe and well tolerated drug, it is also safe in pregnancy. Remember o Drugs causing flaccid paralysis Ivermectin, piperazine. o Drugs causing spasti... | Pharmacology | null |
44be9240-fd1d-4e32-81a8-1dbc2a368850 | Pseudoaerial aneurysm in drug abuser&;s seen in | Radial | Brachial | Femoral | Carotid | 2c | single | Pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition arising from disruption in aerial wall with blood dissecting into the tissues around the damaged aery creating a perfused sac that communicates with the aerial lumen. Its incidence is on rise due to increase in endovascular procedures, hemodialysis and intravenous drug abuse. Here we ... | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
d321bbde-5e9d-4356-8aa0-4878af745ce8 | Commonest mass in the middle mediastinum is – | Lipoma | Aneurysm | Lymph node mass | Congenital cysts | 2c | single | "Lymphadenopathy is by for the most common middle mediastinal mass".
"The most common middle mediastinal mass is adenopathy".
"Lymphadenopathy is the most common middle mediastinum mass".
You should keep in mind that, though, the most common middle mediastinal mass is lymph nodes enlargement, duplica... | Radiology | null |
506a01cd-d738-4bcb-a7fc-39afdb6b2028 | All of the following are true of Neurocvsticercosis EXCEPT | Albendazole is the drug of choice | More common in vegetarians | Produces intracerebral calcification | Man is the definitive host | 1b | multi | (B) More common in vegetarians # Neurocysticercosis is caused by infection with the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, and undergoes specific clinical and imaging changes at it progresses through four stages of infection.1. Vesicular - viable parasite with intact membrane and therefore no host reaction. Cyst is CSF density /... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
33585926-8ebc-4a20-9e33-32110aad28bd | Magaldrate is converted by gastric acid to - | Magnesium hydroxide | Magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate | Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide | Calcium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminium hydroxide Magaldrate:o Magaldrateis a common antaciddrug that is used for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux.o Magaldrate is a hydroxymagnesium aluminate complex that is converted rapidly in gastric acid to Mg(OH)2 a... | Pharmacology | Anti-Ulcer |
c522061a-3377-4b16-b74c-40ca139dd140 | All the following show miliary shadows on chest X-ray except: | Pneumoconiosis | Mitral stenosis | Sarcoidosis | Staphylococcal pneumonia | 3d | multi | Ans. Staphylococcal pneumonia | Radiology | null |
02fd89f7-c6a8-4f57-a149-57ffbacd890c | Most important feature of delirium - | Impaired attention | Anxiety | Hyperactivity | Clouding of consciousness | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Clouding of consciousness o The most conspicuous feature is a clouding of consciousness which ranges from mild dulling to deep coma.Deliriumo Delirium is defined by the acute onset of fluctuating cognitive impairment and a disturbance of consciousness. It is also referred to as acute confusional state... | Psychiatry | Organic Mental Disorder |
db692adb-319f-4803-ae79-c450790664f1 | Which of the following is/are included in bipolar disease -a) Hypomaniab) Cyclothymiac) Paranoid disorderd) Hyperthymiae) Kleptomania | ac | ab | ad | bc | 1b | single | null | Psychiatry | null |
6b12325f-1c6e-4c2f-abc0-c86013a3b1fb | Which of the micromineral is a constituent of vitamin B12 - | lodine | Zinc | Cobalt | Iron | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c* i.e., Cobalt o Vitamin B12. is a corrinoid, i.e. cobalt-containing compound possessing the corrin ring.Microminerals or trace elementsChromiumPotentiate the effect of insulinImpaired glucose metabolismCobaltConstituent of vitamin B12QMacrocytic anemiaCopperConstituent of oxidase enzymes, e.g., tyrosinase, l... | Unknown | null |
ba52876c-d68b-4496-8e7e-48a8ea36572e | The Fc piece of which Immunoglobulin fixes C1 complements? | IgA | IgG | IgD | IgE | 1b | single | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
985b302f-1093-4209-891c-218c7a2dae34 | A patient on amphotericin B develops hypokalemia of 2.3 meq/1. K+ supplementation required:(AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012) | 40 mEq over 24 hours | 60 mEq over 24 hours | 80 mEq over 24 hours | 120-160 mEq over 24 hours | 3d | single | Ans. d. 120-160 mEq over 24 hours (Ref: Cecil Textbook of Medicine by Goldmann/Ausiello Renal and Genitourinary Diseases 22/e p685)Except in unusual circumstances, the total amount of potassium administered daily should not exceed 200 mEq.Potassium SupplementationA prudent protocol to follow is to add potassium chlorid... | Medicine | Electrolyte |
ad053d8b-39b1-49b8-90ef-799e9cded1e0 | Hormone therapy indicated in menopausal women: | Hot flash | Ca breast | Endometriosis | Uterine bleeding | 0a | single | Ans. a. Hot flashRef: Shaws Textbook of Gynecology 16th Ed; Page No-74HORMONE REPLACEMENTTHERAPYBenefits and RisksEstrogen therapy is the most effective FDA-approved method for relief of menopausal vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), it is also used in genitourinary atrophy and dyspareunia.Hot flashes:Excess amount of sw... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiology & Histology |
d12d57f1-c338-4adf-a90a-e9e62f9ec7c2 | Radiological hallmark of primary tuberculosis in childhood is? | Ghon's focus | Normal chest Xray | Lymphadenopathy | Pleural effusion | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymphadenopathy Lymphadenopathy with or without parenchymal abnormality is the radiological hallmark of primary tuberculosis in childhood. | Radiology | null |
078579c4-6bd5-4418-87e0-e8de95addb69 | Causes of eosinophilia -a) Hodgkin's diseaseb) Filariasisc) MId) HIV infection | acd | bcd | abd | ab | 2c | single | Conditions producing allergic reactions and resulting eosinophilia are:
Drugs: Iodides, Aspirin, Sulfonamides, Nitrofurantoin, Penicillins, Cephalosporins.
Disease conditions: Hay fever, Asthma, Eczema, Serum sickness, Allergic vasculitis, Pemphigus, All types of parasitic infections.
Collagen vascular diseases: RA, E... | Pathology | null |
1bcc0bd8-02e6-4387-a3fc-3ba35c75cc88 | Ante's law is followed in the construction of | Complete denture | Fixed partial denture | Removable partial denture | All of the above | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
a1986cf1-644a-4451-9d79-719da9cc2532 | Which of these rules is associated with the highlighted bone? | Rule of Hasse | Rule of half dozen | Rule of Ashley | Rule of Nysten | 2c | single | Ans. (C). Rule of AshleyREVISE IT NOW POINTSRule of Hasse - Gestational age from rigor mortisRule of Ashley - Sex determination from sternal length (> 149 cm - Male; < 149 cm - Female)Rule of 9 - Burns (Rule of Wallace)Rule of 12 - Rigor mortis.Rule of Nysten -Sequential development of rigor mortis.Rule of Half dozen (... | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Psychiatry |
b3221deb-4b2f-4a83-99c8-7bece776d82b | All are true for Rapid sand filters except: | No preliminary storage of raw water is required | Operation requires highly skilled persons | Frequent washing is not required | Can be gravity type or pressure type | 2c | multi | Comparison of Rapid and Slow Sand Filters: Rapid sand filter Slow sand filter aka Biological filter Space Occupies very little space Occupies large areas Rate of filtration 200 m.g.a.d 2-3 m.g.a.d Effective size of sand 0.4-0.7 mm 0.2-0.3 mm Preliminary treatment Chemical coagulation & sedimentation Plain sedimentation... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Water |
9dd669d6-024c-4792-938e-660ed66bdcc0 | An epiphyseal bone lesion is - | Osteogenic sarcoma | Chondroblastoma | Ewing's sarcoma | Chondromyxoid fibroma | 1b | single | Chondroblastoma also reffered to as codman tumours are rare benign cailaginous neoplasms that charecteristically arise in the epiphysis or apophysis of along bone in young patients. It has high occurence and high chance of metastasis. ref img | Pathology | Breast |
dbfd48a1-9372-4267-8f6c-623f21208682 | Which anti-epileptic drug will cause hirsutism in a 30 year old woman: March 2013 | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Valproate | Ethosuximide | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. Phenytoin Dermatologic side-effects of Phenytoin includes hyperichosis, rash, exfoliative dermatitis, pruritis, hirsutism, and coarsening of facial features. | Pharmacology | null |
0757f085-a722-489a-a8e4-4d4f386fa619 | Test used to differentiate between chromosomal pattern of normal cell and cancer cell? | FISH | PCR | Karyotyping | Comparative genomic hybridization | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
ae77f9e3-1c17-4bc7-839e-7269dbbe541b | All of the following statements about penicillin G are true EXCEPT : | It is actively secreted in tubules | It is never administered orally | It is effective, against gram positive as well as some gram negative bacteria | It acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis | 1b | multi | Penicillin act by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis via the inhibition of transpeptidation reaction.
Penicillin G is the drug of choice for:
- Gram +ve bacteria (like Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, non-beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus, Clostridium and other gram-positive rods)
- Gram-negative bacteria (lik... | Pharmacology | null |
7d0d3757-aa09-41ce-aa0d-47e13f0c3031 | For a mobile tumour on vocal cord, treatment is: | Surgery | Chemotherapy | Radiotherapy | None of the above | 2c | multi | According to Dhingra Radiotherpy is the treatment of choice for vocal cord cancer with normal mobility. Normal mobility of cord suggests that growth is only limited to the surface and belongs to either stage T1 or T2. TOC for stage T1 of glottic carcinoma - radiotherapy. TOC for stage T2 of glottic carcinoma - depends ... | ENT | null |
85ec6e0a-3546-468a-98fb-e0c458b8fd4e | Tubercles of Montgomery are present in: | Lung | Duodenum | Liver | Breast | 3d | single | Montgomery’s glands or Montgomery Tubercles are the large sebaceous and rudimentary milk glands present in the areola surrounding the nipple of the female breast. | Unknown | null |
83d11f6f-924f-49d4-af78-9d92ad75b1af | Which of the following diuretic is used in the given condition? | Furosemide | Thiazide | Acetazolamide | Neomycin | 0a | single | Loop diuretics are 1st choice in hepatic cirrhosis associated edema along with aldosterone antagonist.Ref: Katzung 13thed.Pg 265 | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract |
9e886826-9722-4be1-86d9-cf720e294fe4 | The indicator used in autoclave is - | Clostridium tetani | Bacillus stereothermophilus | Bacillus pumilis | Bacillus subtilisvamiger | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bacillus stearothermophilus Steam sterilization is widely used as a terminal sterilization process for pharmaceutical drug products in glass ampoules, vials, syringes, and plastic containers.It is also used for sterilizing closures, filters, manufacturing equipment, cleaning equipment, and so forth. B... | Microbiology | General |
4fc30947-1e18-46a4-b1ba-7dac54142704 | Hyaline cartilage of respiratory tree extends up to: | Tertiary bronchiole | Secondary bronchiole | Terminal bronchiole | Bronchi | 3d | single | Hyaline cartilage extends till the bronchi and are absent (or scatteredly present) distally in the bronchioles.
Goblet cells also extend till bronchus level; beyond that they are present scatteredly. | Anatomy | null |
27130e7c-8427-45a2-8423-7f670e1fa323 | The drug of choice for the treatment of Thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is ? | Carbimazole | Iodine therapy | Propylthiouracil | Metimazole | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Propylthiouracil o Both carbimazole and propylthiourcil can be used during pregnancy, but propyl-thiouracil is the drug of choice because its greater protein binding allows low doses of propylthioracil to be transferred across the placenta and therefore less chance of hypothyroidism. o Historically, p... | Pharmacology | null |
65302436-4b9a-4c7d-94d1-ef5da90b193d | Which Anti-Fungal is safe in both Renal Failure and Hepatic Failure patients ? | Amphotericin B | Caspofungin | Micafungin | Anidulafungin | 3d | multi | ECHINOCANDINS: MOA: Inhibits 1,3-b-d-glucan synthesis. Three Echinocandins are approved for clinical use: Caspofungin, Anidulafungin,and Micafungin. Used against Candida and Aspergillus sp. Fungicidal activity against Candida species while Fungistatic against Aspergillus species. CAspofungin: Candida and Aspergillus sp... | Pharmacology | Anti-Fungal Drugs |
4ca0f5d3-5880-4bc0-8b5e-726d26f28b12 | Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the normal heart: | Increases duration of the TP interval | Increases the duration of the PR interval | Decreases the duration of the QT interval | Leads to fewer P waves than QRS complexes | 2c | single | Ans. C. Decreases the duration of the QT intervalStimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the normal heart decreases the duration of the ventricular action potential and, therefore, decreases the QT interval. As heart rate increases, the duration of diastole and, therefore, the TP interval decreases. Increased conducti... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
b23af97c-cb40-4928-93dd-8d6b1579661c | Progression of congenital scoliosis is least likely in which of the following vertebral anomalies - | Fully segmented Hemivertebra | Wedge vertebra | Block vertebra | Unilateral unsegmented bar with Hemivertebra | 2c | single | Congenital vertebral anomalies causing scoliosis are :
Hemivertebrae
Wedge vertebra
Unsegmented bar
Block vertebra
Combination : unsegmented bar with hemivertebrae
Amongst these minimum chances of progression are with block vertebrae and maximum with the combination of unsegmented bar & hemivertebrae.
Unsegmented b... | Orthopaedics | null |
6da296b7-369f-473d-a74e-f695bcc70a9f | The blood supply of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is primarily derived from: | Superior medial genicular aery | Descending genicular aery | Middle genicular aery | Circumflex fibular aery | 2c | single | The primary blood supply to the Anterior cruciate ligament comes from the middle genicular aery which pierces the posterior capsule and enters the intercondylar notch near the femoral attachment. Ref: Campbell's Operative Ohopaedics, 11th Edition, Page 2497;Operative Ahroscopy, 3rd Edition, Pages 67, 68; Current Concep... | Surgery | null |
36f3627d-61a5-4cc6-baa6-8cc7acf90810 | Which of the following diuretic causes impaired glucose tolerance? | Spironolactone | Thiazides | Amiloride | Canrenone | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thiazides Drugs causing hyperglycemia* Asparaginase* Ethacrinic acid* HIV protease inhibitors* Pentamidine* Chlorthalidone* Frusemide* Niacin* Thiazides* Diazoxide* Glucocorticoids* OCP* b-adrenergic agonists* Encainide* Growth-hormone* Phenytoin* b-blockers (propranolol)* Thyroid hormones* Vacor* Clo... | Pharmacology | Diuretic |
d743d524-a66c-44b3-abb6-8d8c0a50dd76 | Which of the following is not useful in measuring cardiac output? | Transthoracic echocardiogram | Central venous catheter | Thermodilution pulmonary catheter | Continuous cardiac output pulmonary catheter | 1b | single | Ans. B. Central venous catheter* Central venous catheter alone is not useful for measuring cardiac output.* Various methods to measure cardiac output are as follows:- Pulmonary artery flotation catheter (PAFC): Use dye dilution and thermodilution techniques (bolus and continuous thermodilution cardiac output monitoring... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
49cc7dd6-8abb-4822-adea-edcdf350b486 | Patients with bilateral CDH walk with the following gait? | Waddling | Stumbling | Knock knee | Antalgic | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Waddling Waddling gait It is also called as duck walk gait. It is a wide base gait with increased lumbar lordosis, the patient sways to the same side after putting weight on the limb. It is seen commonly in pregnancy, bilateral CDH, osteomalacia and myopathies. | Surgery | null |
2e3df92f-1380-48ac-a0ad-bcf0e5e14c83 | Risk of HIV transmission is highest during | During Caesarian section | During antepaum period | During vaginal delivery | Breast feeding | 2c | single | . | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
e6847ec1-57cd-4cc4-b390-5a8c242075ee | Cranial nerve related to apex of petrous temoporal bone | VIII | VII | VI | IX | 2c | single | Cranial nerve 5 & 6 are related to apex of petrous bone.
Only 1st & 2nd cranial nerves do not arise from brain stem and so do not pass through posterior-cranial fossa. And all other C.N (i.e. 3rd to 12th) pass through posterior cranial fossa.
Trochlear (4th) nerve is the only cranial nerve to emerge dorsally from the b... | Anatomy | null |
cac0b763-b547-49b9-a05c-4fa435235fa2 | The middle cardiac vein is located at the - | Anterior interventricular sulcus | Posterior interventricular sulcus | Posterior AV groove | Anterior AV groove | 1b | single | In Coronary sulcus
- Great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, coronary sinus, right coronary artery, left circumflex artery
In anterior interventricular sulcus
- Great cardiac vein, left anterior descending artery
In posterior interventricular sulcus
- Middle cardiac vein, posterior interventricul... | Anatomy | null |
8df7e22b-44b5-406a-aff3-80157a7c7958 | Protein not synthesized in liver:- | Albumin | Immunoglobulins | Plasma enzymes | Acute phase proteins | 1b | single | Immunoglobulins - are synthesized from plasma cell. Other all plasma protein are synthesized from liver They are glycoproteins Consist of two identical heavy (H) Chains and two identical light (L) chains Is a Y-shaped tetramer (H2L2) Humans have five classes of immunoglobulins-namely IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE-containi... | Biochemistry | NEET 2019 |
bc24be02-f335-4a5e-9a49-ea2f14ec315b | Which among the following is true about Monitoring? | Broader concept | Analysis of measurement for detecting changes in health status | Feedback is done | Detects missed out cases | 1b | multi | Monitoring is the performance and analysis of routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment or health status of the population. It is a narrow concept. No action and feedback done. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 24th edition - Page no. 44 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
406bc3d8-8e47-46f3-bd14-e3d4e7bda2d3 | Foamy liver is seen in: | Putrefaction | Adipocere | Mummification | Dry drowning. | 0a | single | Ans. (A). PutrefactionHoney comb appearance or foamy liver is seen in putrefaction due to the presence of gas bubbles within the parenchyma. | Forensic Medicine | Injuries |
14aebfa4-f65c-460e-90a0-9884725698aa | ER Positive cases of cancer breast - drug given is | Bevacizumab | Tamoxifen | Cyclophosphamide | Adalimumab | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Tamoxifen(Ref. Sabiston 20th edition 853)* Tamoxifen - ER+ ve Tumors in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal* Aromatose Inhibitors - ER +ve in Postmenopausal women only | Surgery | Breast |
64880356-22b2-446c-9d1a-d01bdb3a49a4 | All are used in treating spasmodic dysmenorrhoea except : | Bromocriptine | Ibuprofen | Mefenamic acid | Norethisterone and ethinyl estradiol | 0a | multi | Ans. is a i.e. Bromocriptine | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
38efddad-99ee-4019-a745-909179acbeed | Most common presentation of Wilm's tumour? | Fever | Hematuria | Abdominal mass | UTI | 2c | single | Ans. C. Abdominal mass. (Ref. Robin's Pathology 8th/pg. 271; Love and Bailey 26th/pg.l24; 1304).Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumour)# Usually presents in the first five years of life# Typically presents with an abdominal mass# May cause haematuria, abdominal pain or fever# It extends into the renal vein and vena cava and met... | Surgery | Kidney & Ureturs |
b71f25a8-0f37-4d1b-8e57-fbcb153f74ee | A full thickness wound that is not sutured heals by- | Primary Healing | Secondary Healing | Delayed primary Healing | Reepithelization | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Secondary Healing Primary Healingo Primary wound healing or healing by first intention occurs within hours of repairing a full-thickness surgical incision. This surgical insult results in the mortality of a minimal number of cellular constituents.Delayed Primary Healingo If the wound edges are not rea... | Surgery | General Management of Wounds |
fd50e958-71b2-47f2-8e28-87964bb88bb1 | Periodicity is a characteristic feature in which sinus infection: | Maxillary sinus infection | Frontal sinus infection | Sphenoid sinus infection | Ethmoid sinus infection | 1b | single | Areas of High attenuation surrounded by a thin zone of low attenuation CT scan reveals pansinusitis and polyposis Pain of frontal sinusitis shows characteristic periodicity, i.e. comes upon waking, gradually increases and reaches its peak by midday and then stas subsiding. It is also called "office headache" as it is p... | ENT | null |
9bfc722b-df7a-4f3a-b466-880bffbebb97 | Antipsychotic with less extra pyramidal side effects - | Loxapine | Pimozide | Quetiapine | Resperidone | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Quetiapine o Quetiapine, clozapine, aripiprazole have no (o) extrapyramidal symptoms. o Risperidone may or may not (o/+) have extrapyramidal effect. | Pharmacology | null |
3dae741c-d2fc-4dbd-8813-e0010df5e118 | In case of onlay cast restoration, what does “ shoeing” refer to? | Complete coverage of cusps with slight finishing bevel on the crest of the cusp | Veneer coverage of cusp with slight finishing bevel on the crest of the cusp | Veneer coverage of cusp with extension of bevel onto facial surface | Complete coverage of cusps with extension of bevel onto facial surface | 1b | single | Capping
It refers to the complete coverage of the cusp / cusps of a tooth with sufficient extension of the bevel onto the buccal and lingual surfaces of the tooth.
Shoeing
Refers to a veneer coverage of the cusp of a tooth with only slight finishing bevel on the crest of the cusp.
The bevel is established either at ... | Dental | null |
c571153c-f67e-4a2c-9d71-9f13a46feb76 | Point angles in class II | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
51358620-a7dc-4d09-a73f-7f8568e310ec | Hormone Replacement Therapy(H) in postmenopausal women is beneficial in all these Except | Vasomotor symptoms | Osteoporosis | Prevention of CAD | Vaginal atrophy | 2c | multi | Hormone Replacement TherapyEstrogen is the most effective treatment available for relief of the menopausal symptoms that many women experience, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urinary symptoms, and emotional lability.Women&;s Health Initiative showed no cardiovascular benefit with unopposed estrogen and a small... | Pathology | All India exam |
95ac4716-a4d6-4e7d-8cfc-293876566fdb | AB trans retinoic acid is useful in the treatment of- | Myelodysplastic leukemia | Promyelocytic leukemia | Myelomonocytic leukemia | Chronic myelocytic leukemia | 1b | single | APL is unique among leukemias due to its sensitivity to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; tretinoin), the acid form of vitamin A.Treatment with ATRA dissociates the NCOR-HDACL complex from RAR and allows DNA transcription and differentiation of the immature leukemic promyelocytes into mature granulocytes by targeting the ... | Medicine | Haematology |
7c284ab8-cb2e-46ff-a6a2-cf00d1c3e3f1 | Which of the following cranial nerve is MOST likely to be damaged in a patient with uncal herniation? | Facial | Trochlear | Abducens | Oculomotor | 3d | single | In a patient with ipsilateral expanding intracranial supratentorial mass, there is displacement of the hippocampal gyrus and uncal herniation across the tentorial edge, resulting in entrapment of the third nerve. This can result in hutchinson's pupil. Hutchinson's pupil occur in comatose patients with unilaterally dila... | Ophthalmology | null |
660edffc-e4bb-4668-9358-5ee52309235d | CASPAR criteria is used in diagnosis of ? | Psoriatic ahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis | Ankyosing spondylitis | Reactive synnovitis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Psoriatic ahritis Classification criteria for psoriatic ahritis (CASPAR) is used for the diagnosis of psoriatic ahropathy. The CASPAR (classification Criteria for Psoriatic Ahritis) Criteria To meet the CASPAR criteria a patient must have inflammatory aicular disease (joint, spine, or entheseal) with ... | Surgery | null |
1127b843-ffa7-4c91-b8aa-523aadf7b846 | Smoking predisposes to carcinoma of a) Bladder b) Ovary c) Buccal mucosa d) Breast e) Stomach | ace | acd | abd | ac | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
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