id stringlengths 36 36 | question stringlengths 1 1.57k | opa stringlengths 1 287 | opb stringlengths 1 287 | opc stringlengths 1 286 | opd stringlengths 1 301 | cop class label 4
classes | choice_type stringclasses 2
values | exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | subject_name stringclasses 21
values | topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5d6a33ef-b45b-4134-941c-125242ed0d97 | Normal capacity of the renal pelvis is | 7 ml | 10 ml | 15 ml | 20 ml | 0a | single | • The average capacity of the renal pelvis is 4–8 ml. | Surgery | null |
8aeadeb9-403f-4958-a71b-bb6e338552be | Nitric oxide acts by: | cGMP | cAMP | Calcium | Kinase | 0a | single | Ans: A (cGMP) Ref: Harper's Illustrated biochemistry, 28th edition.Explanation:Classification of Hormones by Mechanism of ActionI. Hormones that hind to intracellular receptors* Androgens* Calcitriol (1.252-D3) Estrogens* Glucocorticoids* Mineralocorticoids* Progestins* Retinoic acid* Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)II. Ho... | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
492c499e-8fdb-4811-b668-bef281b7877f | The law relating distending pressure and tension in a blood vessel wall is called: | Frank Starling's law | Einthoven's law | Law of Laplace | Many's law | 2c | multi | Law of Laplace states that transluminal pressure varies inversely with vessel radius and is directly propoional to tension that develops in the vessel walls. It means the pressure pushes against the wall causing them to stretch(tension), as the size of the vessels decreases the tension in the wall decreases too. Law of... | Physiology | null |
4e1ce8a4-c144-446a-9f12-f6eb1ce71bb6 | Which of the following are goals of orthognathic surgery? | To improve facial esthetics | To shorten orthodontic treatment time | To improve orthodontic treatment results | All of the above | 3d | multi | The goals of ortho esthetics are:
To improve facial esthetic and self-image of patient.
To shorten orthodontic treatment time and improve orthodontic treatment results.
To improve PDL stability and prognosis.
To correct jaw relationships prior to major restorative procedure. | Dental | null |
d003cb01-dff2-41f6-af9b-19f16fa34e74 | 'Rule of Nine' to estimate surface area of burns was given by: | Moiz Kaposi | Alexander Wallace | Joseph Lister | Thomas Barclay | 1b | multi | Ans. B i.e. Alexander Wallace | Surgery | null |
0fdc18b3-2d73-4f3c-b975-37e5e9f25569 | The most predominantly occurring amino acid in collagen is | Valine | Cysteine | Arginine | Glycine | 3d | single | Tropocollagen, the repeating unit of a mature collagen fiber, consists of three collagen polypeptides, each containing about 1000 amino acids, bundled together in a unique conformation, the collagen triple helix. Every third amino acid residue in collagen is a glycine residue. Collagen is also rich in proline and hydro... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
fc26c1fc-2dd8-4341-a5be-e3ca0d176f09 | Fluid of choice in child with bu rn < 24 hour is - | Fresh frozen plasma | Isolye-P | Ringer lactate | Plailet tranfusion | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ringer lactate Fluid resuscitation in burn injuryo Parkland formula Initial 24 hours: Ringer's lactated (RL) solution 4 mL'kg/% bum for adults and 3 ml/kg/% bum for children. RL solution is added for maintenance for children:4 ml'kg/hour for chiIdren weighing 0-10 kg40 ml/hour+2 ml.'hour for children ... | Pediatrics | Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders |
f9f479c0-1029-461c-9c93-3e7211816f93 | All are causes of infantile tremor syndrome EXCEPT: | Malnutrition | Magnesium deficiency | Infections | Vitamin B1 deficency | 3d | multi | Vitamin B1 deficency REF: OP Ghai ed p. 558 Vitamin B 12 deficiency not B1 deficiency causes infantile tremor syndrome Causes of infantile tremor syndrome: Malnutrition Vitamin B12 deficiency Infections Magnesium deficiency Toxins Tyrosinase defects | Pediatrics | null |
2f6420d5-ec3a-4a9d-8327-4f254444eb70 | True statement regarding SLE in children- | Skin pigmentation more common than adults | No sex difference | Renal involvement more common | None | 3d | multi | Ans. is None | Pediatrics | null |
5d32cfd4-424e-47e7-abbd-2cf0ca4857c3 | An anxiolytic benzodiazepine which is also antidepressant : September 2007 | Lorazepam | Oxazepam | Alprazolam | Chlordiazepoxid | 2c | single | Ans. C: Alprazolam Alprazolam is approved for the sho-term treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. Alprazolam is very effective in the sho-term symptomatic relief of moderate to severe anxiety, essential tremor, and panic attacks. Alprazolam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the ... | Pharmacology | null |
fd10d1e9-ab22-4693-ab5e-47f01a9fe2c0 | Synthesis of secretory proteins takes place in | Golgi complex | Endoplasmic reticulum | First in cytoplasm then in nucleus | First in endoplasmic reticulum then in cytoplasm | 1b | single | Secretory proteins are synthesized in EPR Reference: Harper; 30th edition | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
7fe3cc0e-cb7a-48a3-8e65-a03450551e33 | All muscles of the palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus, EXCEPT: | Tensor veli palatine | Palatoglossus | Palatopharyngeus | None of the above | 0a | multi | With the exception of tensor veli palatini, which is supplied by the motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal through the nerve to medial pterygoid, the muscles are supplied by the cranial pa of the accessory nerve the pharyngeal plexus.Ref: Gray's anatomy 40th edition, Chapter 35 | Anatomy | null |
29a7c47a-69ef-4552-b026-73e84c2d22be | in whic of the following cardiac condition PULSATILE LIVER AND ASCITES is seen ? | TR | Critical pulmonary stenosis | MR | MS | 0a | single | Most commonly, TR is secondary to marked dilation of the tricuspid annulus from RV enlargement due to PA hypeension. Functional TR may complicate RV enlargement of any cause, including an inferior MI that involves the RV. It is commonly seen in the late stages of hea failure due to rheumatic or congenital hea disease w... | Medicine | C.V.S |
132df81e-37b8-4ce8-8f96-57908cc231bd | Which is not seen in tuberous sclerosis? | Astrocytoma | Ependymoma | White matter lesions | Subpendymal nodules | 1b | single | Tuberous sclerosis characterized by angiofibroma,astrocytoma,subependymal lesion and white matter lesion. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:586 | Pediatrics | C.V.S |
40c34aed-a15f-425c-aa17-92165547d8ff | Amyloid is stained with: September 2009, March 2013 | Lugol's iodine | Methyl violet | Congo red | Sudan black | 2c | single | Ans. C: Congo red | Pathology | null |
60f5a98d-c460-4900-972f-b81b8e087eca | A 55 year old female comes to the eye casualty with history of severe eye pain, redness and diminished vision. On examination, the visual acuity is 6/60, there is circumcorneal congestion, corneal oedema and a shallow anterior chamber. Which of the following is the best drug of choice – | Atropine ointment | IV mannitol | Ciprofloxacin eye drops | Betamethasone eye drops | 1b | multi | Approach in acute congestive glaucoma
Start i.v. mannitol or i.v. acetazolamide
When IOT starts falling, start topical pilocarpine or β-blocker (timolol).
Apraclonidine/latanoprost may be added.
Once i.o.t. is reduced, surgery is done. | Ophthalmology | null |
dea92445-1202-4995-8c29-8b37f077f99e | Phase 4 clinical trial is carried out - | Before the marketing approval of a drug | After a drug is marketed | For drugs used in rare diseases | For drugs used in pediatric patients | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., After a drug is marketed Phase 4 clinical trial is post marketing survellance. | Pharmacology | null |
e9364aeb-e188-4b45-bde6-589831cf66b3 | Charlie chaplin gait is seen in? | Congenial coxa vara | Tibial torsion | DDH | Genu valgus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., External rotation deformity of tibia Charlie Chaplin Gait Gait that occurs in bilateral external torsion of the tibia caused by faulty sitting or sleeping habits as in maintenance of the spread eagle or frog leg posture. It is seen in alkaptonuria, bilateral external tibial torsion, and flat feet with... | Surgery | null |
d8ee3fce-d3c7-4c4a-b5b8-10b89f9b44cf | Which of the following is not a component of Gradenigo's syndrome? | Deep seated orbital pain | Greisinger sign positive | Abducent nerve palsy | Discharge from ear | 1b | single | Discharge from ear is not present in gradeinigo syndrome. Gradenigo Syndrome (GS) is classically described as a clinicaltriad of otitis media, facial pain, and abducens palsy that in the past most commonly developed from infection in the petrous temporal bone (i.e., petrous apicitis). Ref ganong's review of medical phy... | Physiology | All India exam |
67a691f6-7088-4b0c-81c1-dcc4c1a10429 | Which cells are absent in the cerebellar coex | Purkinje cells | Bipolar cells | Granule cells | Golgi cells | 1b | single | There are five types of cells in the cerebellum Purkinje cells, Stellate cells, Golgi cells, Basket cells, Granule cells Ref : Ganong 25th ed/page 248 | Physiology | Nervous system |
bb6dab88-73a5-445b-9ccc-ed534ace1d81 | RDA of vitamin A in an adolescent female ? | 400 mcg | 350 mcg | 600 mcg | 800 mcg | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 600 mcg | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
eee66082-9520-47bc-9999-4a288e6e5ed2 | Bronchiectasis means .....................of bronchi - | Inflammation | Dilatation | Cavitation | All | 1b | multi | Ref:Textbook of pathology (Harsh mohan)6th edition, page no.484 BRONCHIECTASIS Bronchiectasis is defined as abnormal and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles (greater than 2 mm in diameter) developing secondary to inflammatory weakening of the bronchial walls. The most characteristic clinical manifest... | Pathology | Respiratory system |
4a20c6ed-cc94-43e8-8a75-13d4fdcde87d | Degloving injury is: March 2013 (h) | Surgeon made wound | Lacerated wound | Blunt injury | Avulsion injury | 3d | single | Ans. D i.e. Avulsion injury Degloving injury It is a type of avulsion in which an extensive section of skin is completely torn off the underlying tissue, severing its blood supply. It is named by analogy to the process of removing a glove. Typically, degloving injuries affect the extremities and limbs. | Surgery | null |
a79abaa3-fc25-4ca7-8de3-8cfb426ff4d6 | True statement about the paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is | Common on left side | 50% idiopathic | Cord will lie laterally | Speech therapy given | 0a | multi | Paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve common on the left side.
The common causes are
Bronchogenic cancer
Accidental trauma
Thyroid surgery
Thyroid disease (benign or malignant)
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Carcinoma cervical oesophagus
Carcinoma thoracic oesophagus
Aortic aneurysm
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy | ENT | null |
c759f002-d46b-414f-ba92-1b8ad31ee46c | A 10 yr old boy, unconscious with 2 days h/o fever, comes to pediatric ICU with R.R 46/min, B.P.110/80 and E1 V1 M3 on Glasgow coma scale, next step of Mx includes | Intubate and ventilate | Give 0.9% NaCl | Sta dopamine at the rate of 1-2 g/min/kg | Dopamine at the rate of 1-2 g/min/kg & furosemide | 0a | multi | There is increased respiratory rate.the child must be intubated and venilated to provide suppo . Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | Central Nervous system |
b5e90eeb-0969-4829-a165-4dc3e824d314 | Which of the following colonic polyps is not premalignant | Juvenile polyps | Hamaomatous polyps associated with peutz jegher's syndrome | Villous adenoma | Tubular adenomas | 0a | single | .Juvenile Polyps * Commonest polyp of colorectum in infants and children. * Can cause intussusception, prolapse through rectum, bleeding. * Colonoscopic polypectomy is done. * Not a pre-malignant condition. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery ,ed 3,pg no 831 | Surgery | G.I.T |
044e0f26-43e8-47f0-be46-af1feba96a44 | Putrefaction is delayed in poisoning due to : | Carbolic acid | Organophosphorus | Lead | All | 0a | multi | A i.e. Carbolic acid | Forensic Medicine | null |
172c8e1c-73fb-472e-b0df-6f3f73812e0b | The pump responsible for gastric acid secretion is | H+ ATPase | Na+ - H+ ATPase | H+ - K+ ATPase | Ca2+ - H+ ATPase | 2c | single | Gastric parietal cells are highly specialized for their unusual task of secreting concentrated acid. The cells are packed with mitochondria that supply energy to drive the apical H+,K+-ATPase, or proton pump, that moves H+ ions out of the parietal cell against a concentration gradient. The apical membrane also contains... | Physiology | Gastrointestinal System |
24a3b80f-bc6a-415d-9c68-9ec9bc5f16d0 | A 32 year old woamn with two live children was brought to emergency with the history of missed period for 15 dyas, spotting since 7 days and pain abdomen since 6hrs. Her pulse was 120/min, pallor ++, systolic BP BOmmHg. There was fullness and ternderness on per abdomen examination. Cu-T thread was seen through external... | Pelvic inflammatory disease | Missed aboriton with infectkion | Rupture ectopic pregnancy | Threatened aboriton | 2c | multi | Rupture ectopic pregnancy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
883c9a0b-8999-4a24-9d62-4dd82de7dced | A cardiologist asks for measurement of electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and pre-ejection period (PEP). The cardiologist is informed by the technician that the carotid transducer is not functioning. Which of the following readings could not be obtained | QS2 | QS2 and LVET | QS2 and PEP | LVET and PEP | 3d | single | Electromechanical systole (QS2)- Time interval between the beginning of Q wave and beginning of the second heart sound. It requires ECG and phonocardiogram.
Left ventricular ejection time (LVET)- Interval between the beginning of carotid pressure to the dicrotic notch. Requires carotid pulse tracing.
Pre-ejection systo... | Physiology | null |
16a0395d-6ea9-4dac-a0a4-7f77a8420e13 | Treatment of chronic phase of CML is : | Imatinib | Hydroxyurea | Interferon | Cytarabine | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
5d062b83-d730-4f33-af80-478d28e8399d | Treatment of cord prolapse is based on all of the following factors, except: | Fetal viability | Fetal maturity | Fetal weight | Cervical dilatation | 2c | multi | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a1041e37-ff61-4353-85e5-fb472b6394f1 | Pap smear is an example of - | Primary level of prevention | Secondary level of prevention | Teritary level of prevention | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Secondary level of prevention o In secondary prevention, action halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complication. o Screening tests (e.g. - Pap smear), helps in diagnosis at early stage so that adequate treatment can halt disease progression and prevent complication. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
e14969c5-2737-4e85-b64f-810baf670a94 | All are true about sulphonyl ureas except? | It blocks ATP sensitive K+ channels and increase insulin release | They have higher risk of causing hypoglycemia than meglitinides | They are used mainly in type 1 DM | Chlorpropamide can cause dilutional hyponatremia | 2c | multi | Sulphonyl ureas are mainly used in Type 2 DM because Type 1 DM is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β - cells of pancreas and atleast 30% of β - cells should be present for sulphonyl ureas to be effective. | Pharmacology | null |
59ffaf86-997e-42e1-bfce-0e1397fd77d7 | The usefulness of a ‘screening test’ in a community depends on its? | Sensitivity | Specificity | Reliability | Predicitive value | 0a | single | Predictive value of a test signifies diagnostic power of the test.
attribute of an idea screening test is its repeatability or reliability or reproducibility.
Sensitivity has been defined as the ability of the test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, that is true positive (Hence determines the usefuln... | Unknown | null |
cd5138c8-ed26-44bc-88cc-57875333639e | Differential white blood cell counts in the laboratory are useful in the diagnosis of: | Anemia | Eosinophilia | Vitamin deficiency | Spherocytosis | 1b | single | null | Physiology | null |
0d0d06fe-93fd-4600-94a1-0f3ccaf260bb | Which of the functions are TRUE regarding C-terminal domain of androgen receptor protein? | Ligand binding | Increasing biological half life | Increasing the affinity of receptor to DNA | Increasing the level of transcription | 0a | multi | The androgen receptor proteins contain 3 common domains: 1- Highly conserved central domain that is responsible for DNA binding 2- N-terminal region that is involved in trascriptional activation, and 3- C-terminal domain that binds ligand Ref: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 27th Edition, Page 477; Molecular cell bio... | Biochemistry | null |
81c61bcf-ef9b-4ef3-807f-1833fef8bed7 | Riboflavin deficiency is assessed by | Transketolase | Glutathione reductase | PDH | None | 1b | multi | Riboflavin deficiency is assessed by Glutathione reductase. The two biologically active forms are flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), formed by the transfer of an adenosine monophosphate moiety from ATP to FMN (Figure 28.15). FMN and FAD are each capable of reversibly accepting two hydrog... | Biochemistry | vitamins |
ecd48525-260d-4e2d-9250-e5bd15ca7826 | Investigation of choice to Determine Local Invasion in Esophageal Carcinoma(T staging) is? | Transabdominal Usg | CECT | Endpscopic USG | MRI | 2c | single | Endoscopic Ultrasound - Determines Local Invasion In Esophageal Carcinoma(T staging). | Radiology | ULTRASOUND |
b24a6686-d2a4-4d4b-8a3b-cbaad55e48d0 | CCK-PZ causes all of the following except : | Gall bladder contraction | Pancreatic enzyme secretion | Increased gastrin secretion | Decreased lower esophageal sphinictor | 2c | multi | C i.e. Increased gastrin secretion | Physiology | null |
92736f6a-a3e7-41cb-b4dc-2e6edfb3f8da | The recommended size of endotracheal tube for 1 year old child is | 2.5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2c | single | Tube diameter in mm
= Age in years/4 + 4
= 1/4 + 4
= 17/4
= 4.2 | Anaesthesia | null |
b5994841-4c71-4a5c-8aa4-c7afa2b6fa2d | Parinaud's Syndrome is associated with all EXCEPT | Collier's sign may be present | Can be caused by hydrocephalus with acquiductal stenosis | Light near dissociation of pupil | Nuclear gaze palsy | 3d | multi | (D) Nuclear gaze palsy # Parinaud's Syndrome or Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome and vertical gaze palsy, is an inability to move the eyes up or down. It is caused a tumor of the pineal gland which compresses the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). The eyes lose t... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
55daa13d-b09c-4b71-a6b3-fbd608e7d861 | Which of the following teeth have more than one occlusal form: | Maxillary 1st premolar | Maxillary 2nd premolar | Maxillary 1st molar | Mandibular 1st molar | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
0c3b4814-6a05-45fd-a448-ebd3a2ed3dd8 | While handling a febrile neutropenic patient all are essential except - | Repeated hand washing of hospital person | White cell infusion | Prophylactic antibiotic | Colony stimulating factor for macrophages | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
abd07eca-4a1d-4741-bd1f-d97819cc4959 | Ring scotoma is seen in: September 2012 | Glaucoma | Retinitis pigmentosa | Sympathetic ophthalmia | Vitreous hemorrhage | 1b | single | Ans. B i.e. Retinitis pigmentosa | Ophthalmology | null |
a209cab2-17fa-4ce5-81f7-8374016623d6 | Rigor mois occurs first in which voluntary muscle: Delhi 06, 07; COMEDK 08; SGPGI 11 | Muscles of eyelids | Small muscles of hands | Neck muscles | Face muscles | 0a | multi | Ans. Muscles of eyelids | Forensic Medicine | null |
f6331671-e816-44a1-9437-4cf01e33783f | A patient suddenly experienced pain radiating along the medial border of the dorsum of foot. Which of the following nerve is most likely to be involved? | Sural nerve | Saphenous nerve | Deep peroneal nerve | Superficial peroneal nerve | 1b | single | Since the patient is having pain along the medial border of dorsum of foot, he is most likely suffering from an injury to saphenous nerve. Saphenous nerve is the terminal sensory branch of femoral nerve. It provides sensory innervations to the medial region of the heel, medial malleolus, medial border of foot as far as... | Surgery | null |
a02059d8-4bc0-4901-a623-afbae21fd98f | The factor which promotes virulence of M. tuberculosis ? | Wax D | Cord factor | Muramyl dipeptide | Muramyl dipeptide | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cord factor Virulence factors . Virulent strains of tubercle bacilli form microscopic "serpentine cord" in which acid fast bacilli are arranged in parallel chains, cord formation is correlated with virulence. A "cord factor" has been extracted from virulent bacilli with pateroleum ether. It inhibits m... | Microbiology | null |
895ed723-4ea7-4f40-812f-d69b4ca8e0ca | Which of the following is consistent with diagnosis of De-Quervain thyroiditis? | 45 year female with 2 week history of painful thyroid gland with elevated T4, T3 and low TSH. RAIU shows increased uptake | 25 year female with painless enlarged thyroid with elevated T4,T3 and undetectable TSH. RAIU shows increased uptake | 45 year female with fatigue and low T4, T3 and Low TSH | 45 year male with painful thyroid 8 weeks ago with low free T4, T3 and elevated TSH | 3d | single | De Quervain thyroiditis is characterised by fever, constitutional symptoms and painful enlarged thyroid due to viral etiology. Initially T4 and T3 are elevated due to damage to follicles. RAIU uptake is reduced. Subsequently hypothyroid phase sets in and RAIU becomes normal. Option A is wrong due to increased RAIU upta... | Medicine | Diseases of Thyroid |
3d096d5f-f236-4638-b89c-16c59ccfde7e | Peripheral blood smear examination of a post splenectomy patient would show the presence of: | Dohle bodies | Hypersegmented neutrophils | Spherocytes | Howell-Jolly bodies | 3d | single | In the absence of a functional spleen, nuclear remnants are not culled from the red cells and remain as small homogeneously staining blue inclusions, known as Howell-Jolly bodies. Dohle bodies are light blue-gray, oval, inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils seen in infections, burns physical tru... | Pathology | null |
b3d9f7c0-1f61-44d2-ab2c-4ecb8925ad05 | Toxicity of local anaesthesia is reversed by : | IV epinephrine | IV nalorphine | IV Barbiturates | IV sodium bicarbonate | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
478f8fe7-b710-4f04-8a6d-b8bb746a0eb0 | Which is the most common micro-organism known to cause tropical pyomisitis? | Streptococcus viridans | Staphylococcus albus | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Staphylococcus aureus | 3d | single | Tropical pyomyositis, a disease often seen in tropical countries, is characterised by suppuration within skeletal muscles, manifesting as single or multiple abscesses. The most common organism implicated is Staphylococcus aureus. In 20%-50% of cases there is a history of trauma to the affected muscles. Commonly involve... | Microbiology | Misc. |
aac92220-8896-4a63-976b-458e2b5bcf12 | A temporary, provisional view held by the people on a point of view is - | Opinion | Practice | Attitude | Belief | 0a | single | - opinions are views held by people on a point of dispute. - they are based on the evidence available at a time Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 25th edition, pg no:732 <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social science, Mental health & Genetics |
b481645e-1103-4e29-b328-7c0af584247f | Drug of choice for treatment of neurocysticercosis is:- | Pyrantel palmoate | Praziquantel | Albendazole | Ivermectin | 2c | single | Both praziquantal and albendazole are effective against neurocysticercosis. Albendazole is preferred because of its more efficacy and lesser duration of treatment | Pharmacology | Anti-Parasitic Drugs |
901a76cc-d9ef-4fcb-961a-3978ede1e74d | Adrenal insufficiency causes: March 2011 | A rise in plasma sodium/potassium ratio | Low blood pressure | Increase breakdown of protein | All | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Low blood pressure Features of an acute adrenal crisis include circulatory shock with severe hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and, in some instances hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia. | Medicine | null |
d6e56f6f-f526-4484-93b1-168c5e9ec2b6 | The commonest cause of Intracerebral Bleed is: | Thrombocytopenia | Diabetes | Hypeension | Berry aneurysm | 2c | single | Answer is C (Hypeension): An intracerebral bleed (parenchymal) invariably results from rupture of small perforating aeries or aerioles as a result of Hypeension. | Medicine | null |
c76d4d4a-2bd4-4369-ba27-74ccb961fc31 | Following is the most important factor in the management of shock: | Blood pressure | Cardiac output | CVP to 8 cm of water | Deficiency of effective circulating blood volume | 3d | single | null | Pathology | null |
070129f2-755f-4b28-a046-dbb7367a13c2 | For the prevention of human rabies, immediate flushing and washing the wound(s) in animal bite cases, with plenty of soap and water, under running tap should be carried out for how much time | 2 minutes | 1 minute | 15 minutes | 5 minutes | 2c | single | Local wound Treatment in Rabies Purpose of local treatment is to remove as much virus as possible, from site of inoculation, before it is absorbed on local nerve endings Local wound treatment can reduce chances of rabies upto 80% Immediate flushing and washing wound area with plenty of soap and running water for minimu... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
1b71a00e-2c7b-47af-9e2e-dabab0ddd943 | During the ear examination, cough occurs due to stimulation of? | Vagus | Trigeminal | Hypoglossal | Trochlear | 0a | single | Arnold nerve. It is an auricular branch of the jugular ganglion of the vagus. It supplies the skin of posterior pa of pinna on the medial surface of the concha, and posterior wall of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane. The auricular nerve is the afferent limb of the Ear-Cough or Arnold Reflex. Ref: Dhing... | ENT | Ear |
f9c47044-8956-4a24-98cc-27e334c2acf3 | Which of the following is not a radiological feature of meningioma? | Lamellar calcification | Enlarged foramen spinosum | Increased meningeal vascular markings | Decalcification inner table | 3d | single | Ans. Decalcification inner table | Radiology | null |
6e3007c9-afa1-420c-8625-86c74ea55a25 | Gall bladder stone formation in influenced by all except: | Clofibrate therapy | Hyperalimentation | Primary biliary cirrhosis | Hypercholesterolemia | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Hypercholesterolemia): It is increased concentration of cholesterol relative to bile salts in bile that promotes gall stone formation. Serum cholesterol may well be normal. All ether options are known local factors that promote gall stone formation and hence Hypercholesterolemia is the single best answer o... | Medicine | null |
21b7dd5c-97e4-41d1-9208-f9a2da5d18fe | The failure of a calcium hydroxide pulpotomy done on a
primary 1st molar is due to: | Internal resorption | External resorption | Pulp calcification | Pulp fibrosis | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
e274527b-3b94-41c0-8bf4-1ca94cc26054 | First antiboy to appear in hepatitis: | IgM anti HBe | IgM anti HBc | IgG anti HBe | IgM anti HBs | 1b | single | Ans. b. IgM anti HBc | Microbiology | null |
f4c96f85-cd54-4a09-b11e-2405d4cee275 | All of the following affect resting ventilation except | Stretch receptors | J receptor | Oxygen | PCO2 | 1b | multi | B i.e. J receptorTidal volume excessive load is prevented by (or lung maintains the tidal volume by) activation of slowly adapting pulmonary (or bronchial) stretch receptorsQ."Inflation of lungs induces fuher inflation" due to elastic recoil of alveoli. With inflation of the lungs, there is augmentation of respiratory ... | Physiology | null |
a0a49f3a-6744-48ff-9661-0ecd2dcd6305 | A 22-year-old woman consults you for treatment of hirsutism. She is obese and has facial acne and hirsutism on her face and periareolar regions and a male escutcheon. Serum LH level is 35 mIU/mL and FSH is 9 mIU/mL. Androstenedione and testosterone levels are mildly elevated, but serum DHAS is normal. The patient does ... | Oral contraceptives | Corticosteroids | GnRH | Parlodel | 0a | single | This patient has polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), diagnosed by the clinical picture, abnormally high LH-to-FSH ratio (which should normally be approximately 1:1), and elevated androgen but normal DHAS. DHAS is a marker of adrenal androgen production; when normal, it essentially excludes adrenal sources of hyperandro... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiology & Histology |
9822ee4f-fad4-4533-b971-793a1a7ce4dc | When undertaking bleaching of vital teeth of the
following are done except: | Prophylaxis | Use of protective eye glasses | Use of local anaesthesia | Polishing after treatment | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
15e4a3b8-d8b8-4683-b31c-89ac1585e9dc | The composition of ORS recommended by WHO is | 3.5 g NaCl | 4.5 g NaCl | 2.9 g sodium-potassium citrate | 2.8 g sodium bicarbonate | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
07266217-abc8-4533-9cf7-4c855242f945 | Inversion of nipple occurs due to the involvement of | Breast lobules | Montogomory tubercles | Cooper ligament | Lactiferous ducts | 3d | single | Breast carcinoma arising from lactiferous ducts is called as ductal carcinoma.
Breast carcinoma arising from lobules is called as lobular carcinoma. It is 10% common.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Carcinoma Breast
Peau d’orange: Due to obstruction of dermal lymphatics, openings of the sebaceous glands and hair follicl... | Surgery | null |
0d2a2bc9-ec3d-4e06-b579-406415e2d635 | The principle that in spinal cord, the dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor, is known as: | Bell-Magendie law | Dale's principle | Monro-Kellie hypothesis | Muller's doctrine | 0a | single | Bell Megendie Law: States that in spinal cord, the dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor. Dale's principle: Same neurotransmitter is released at all branches of a neuron. Monro Kellie hypothesis: The blood volume in the cranial cavity is approximately constant. As the cranium is rigid (except in a yo... | Physiology | Sensory System |
0084aa06-8b00-4ccb-93ef-6df696b750b8 | A 60 year old man who is a known case of coronary artery disease with drug eluting stent placed 1year ago, presents with lump in abdomen and is posted for laparoscopic diagnostic evaluation. He is also hypertensive patient. Which of the following medications should he discontinue prior to procedure | Atenolol | Clopidogrel | Simvastatin | Aspirin | 1b | single | Clopidogrel has to be stopped 7 days prior to surgery. | Anaesthesia | null |
b77be92c-10d8-47e2-907c-a633e1ec616f | Impoant step in activation of naive CD 4+ T cells and initiation of cell mediated immune response is played by Interleukin? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 Activation of CD4+ T Cells: Naive CD4+ T cells recognize peptides displayed by dendritic cells and secrete IL-2, which functions as an autocrine growth factor to stimulate proliferation of the antigen- responsive T cells. The subsequent differentiation of antigen-stimulated T cells to TH1 or TH17 ce... | Pathology | null |
c5103336-0668-44b5-911c-ef4b35e8feaf | A 60-years-old man with diabetes mellitus presents with painless, swollen right ankle joint. Radiographs of the ankle shows destroyed joint with large no. Of loose bodies. The most probable diagnosis is: | Charcot's joint | Clutton's joint | Osteoahritis | Rheumatoid ahritis | 0a | single | Patient of diabetes with painless swollen joint is enough for the diagnosis of charcot's joint. X-Ray Features Marked destructive changes with periaicular erosions Joint space narrowing Osteophyte formation Subchondral sclerosis Loose bodies. The changes simulate osteoahritis, but the absence of pain is diagnostic. Sim... | Orthopaedics | Joint disorders |
4561777c-bd6b-46bf-961f-d4ac5ba3f141 | Death of the mother from an automobile accident comes under | Direct maternal death | Indirect maternal death | Nonmaternal death | None of the above | 2c | multi | Nonmaternal death: Death of the mother that results from accidental or incidental causes not related to pregnancy. An example is death from an automobile accident or concurrent malignancy(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
cecfa7c5-8084-4091-816d-ed9b62203e4e | Anti–TNF alpha drugs are used for the treatment of all of following diseases EXCEPT : | Systemic lupus erythematosis | Seronegative arthritis | Psoriatic arthritis | Crohn's disease | 0a | multi | There is already under-expression of TNF-α in SLE, therefore we cannot use anti-TNF drugs for this condition. It is further strengthened by the fact that anti-TNF alpha drugs like infliximab cause SLE as the adverse effect.
Indications for TNF-α inhibitors
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Ps... | Pharmacology | null |
b198555f-572c-4426-a967-a48fc417e5a0 | The rate of cooling down of dead bodies in tropical climate is: Delhi 06; Kerala 06; UP 07 | 0.2degC/h | 0.5degC/h | 1.5degC/h | 2degC/h | 1b | single | Ans. 0.5degC/h | Forensic Medicine | null |
8f88ef31-b8a5-45c7-94c2-6822c26d8b39 | A 73-year-old man has ischemic rest pain of the left calf. Workup reveals occlusion of the left superficial femoral artery. He is scheduled for an elective femoral-popliteal bypass. A good way to reduce the risk of infection would be to: | Irrigate the wound with bacitracin during the operation | Start cefazolin 1 gIV 4 hours before the surgery | Use a plastic adherent drape | Not shave the leg | 3d | single | Shaving is associated with an increased incidence of wound infection compared to the use of electric clippers or depilatories, as well as compared to no hair removal at all. Prophylactic antibiotics should be started within 60 minutes of the incision time. Plastic adherent drapes and antibiotic wound irrigation have no... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
9ebea45d-3d4c-43d6-8712-3165037dd534 | A pregnant woman with fibroid uterus develops acute pain in abdomen with low grade fever and mild leucocytosis at 28 weeks. The most likely diagnosis is: | Preterm labour | Torsion of fibroid | Red degeneration of fibroid | Infection in Fibroid | 2c | single | Red degeneration This complication occurs during pregnancy (2nd trimester) Myoma becomes tense and tender Symptoms: Abdominal pain, constitutional upset and fever Rx :bed rest and analgesics. Never operate In case of torsion of fibroid, severe abdominal pain is there but fever and raised leucocyte count is not seen. Fi... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Fibroids |
fbd853be-310f-4e62-96b5-dddcb8cee4b2 | Classification of aoic dissection depends upon? | Cause of dissection | Level of aoa affected | Percentage of aoa affected | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Level of aoa affectedClassification of Aoic dissectiono The risk and nature of serious complications of dissection depend strongly on the level of aoa affected, with the most serious complications occuring from the aoic valve to the arch.o Thus aoic dissections are generally classified into two types ... | Pathology | null |
c92fe108-a70a-40ba-a0b1-705115a411d0 | A child having IQ of 25 falls in which category? | Educable | Trainable | Dependent | Needs life support | 2c | multi | ANSWER: (C) DependentREF: Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry 5th edition p. 708-712, Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Psychiatry p. 543CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL RETARDATION: Mild MRModerate MRSevere MRProfound MRIQ50-7035-5020-35<20Quality of lifeEducableTrainableDependentNeeds life supportProgressClass 6Class 2-- | Pediatrics | Neurologic Evaluation |
1974768c-77ac-41b4-8897-eec835d8c3ff | The symptoms of dietary deficiency of niacin (which results in pellagra) will be less severe if the diet has a high content of: | Tryptophan | Tyrosine | Thymine | Thiamine | 0a | single | a. Tryptophan(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 325, Ghai 8/e p 118)Tryptophan can be converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 60mg tryptophan gives rise to 1mg niacin. | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
485305c9-fc36-42a2-ab04-94e696601d86 | Blood supply of posterior limb of internal capsule includes all except- | Middle cerebral artery | Anterior cerebral artery | Anterior choroidal artery | Posterior cerebral artery | 1b | multi | Posterior limb of internal capsule is supplied by three sets of arteries :
striate branch of middle cerebral artery,
anterior choroid artery; and
posterolateral branches of posterior cerebral artery. | Anatomy | null |
3b9e48ec-21a1-4b0c-91f9-9ee375381ffe | Blood vessels can be harvested from a body for the purpose of transplantation latest by what period after death? | 8 hours | 12 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | 3d | single | The periods within which some organs should be removed are as follows Cornea - 6 hours Skin - 24 hours Bone - 48 hours Blood vessels - 72 hours Ref: Essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology by Narayan reddy, edition 21, page 112 | Forensic Medicine | null |
76f9d27a-bfbc-4491-911f-bdf406db3e53 | According to 357 (c) CrPC, all hospitals (Govt or private) shell provide the first aid medical care free of cost to victims of offences covered by the following section except: | 326 A IPC | 376 IPC | 302 IPC | 376 A IPC | 2c | multi | C. 302 Treatment of victims : * All hospitals, public or private, whether run by the Central Government, the State Government, local bodies or any other person, shall immediately, provide the first-aid or medical treatment, free of cost, to the victims of any offence covered under section 326A, 376, 376A, 376B, 376C, 3... | Forensic Medicine | Sexual offences |
a8b586ea-206b-4212-8995-9c243da81597 | In a chronic smoker, a highly malignant aggressive and metastatic lung carcinoma is : | Squamous cell Carcinoma | Adenocarcinoma | Large cell carcinoma | Small cell Carcinoma | 3d | multi | Cigarette smoking is most strongly associated with squamous Cell Ca and small cell Ca and less commonly associated with Adenocarcinoma.
But small cell Ca is highly malignant & Blood stream metastasis occurs early in the course of this Ca.So the answer is small cell carcinoma.
Also Remember
M.C Variety of lung Ca in In... | Medicine | null |
15602abf-3f96-4c57-9307-12667465300d | Hypersensitivity vasculitis affects - | Post-capillary venules | Arterioles | Veins | Medium-sized arteries | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
5b94e95b-5d3c-4f56-97d7-efbf27c7f37a | Which of the following is a prodrug is - | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Primidone | Valproic acid | 2c | single | (C) (Primidone) (38 - H 18th) (23, 413 - KDT 7th)PRIMIDONE - A deoxybarbiturate converted by liver to phenobarbitone and phenylethyl malonamide (PEMA). Its antiepileptic activity is mainly due to those active metabolites because t 1/2 of primidone (6-14 hr.) is less than that of its active metabolites, About 1/3 primid... | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
62bbda75-f770-4740-8d7f-5bc8a164acc3 | The following are examples of apoptosis, except | Menstrual cycle | Tumour necrosis | Graft versus host disease | Pathological atrophy following duct obstruction | 1b | multi | NecrosisApoptosisAlways pathological Maybe physiological or pathological Associated with disruption of cellular homeostasis Impoant for development, homeostasis & elimination of pathogens & tumour cellsAffects contiguous group of cellsAffects single cellCell size increased Cell size shrunken Passive Active Cause inflam... | Anatomy | All India exam |
f49a8772-f8de-41ae-bd9a-101ef8f9e716 | Which of the following antifungal agents binds to ergosterol | Flucytosine | Terbinafine | Amphotericin B | Fluconazole | 2c | single | POLYENE ANTIBIOTICS Amphotericin B (AMB) Mech of action:- The polyenes have high affinity for ergosterol present in fungal cell membrane. They combine with it, get inseed into the membrane and several polyene molecules together orient themselves in such a way as to form a 'micropore'. The hydrophilic side forms the int... | Pharmacology | Antibiotics |
945aef4d-9873-461e-80f8-866581bd6a66 | After digestion by restriction endonucleases DNA bands can re-joined by which of the following substance? | DNA polymerase | DNA ligase | DNA topoisomerase | DNA gyrase | 1b | single | DNA ligase is used to join the DNA bands formed after digestion by restriction endonuclease. DNA gyrase: Its a special type of topoisomerase, has the unusual propey of being able to introduce negative supercoils into resting DNA. This facilitates the future replication of DNA because the negative supercoils neutralise ... | Biochemistry | null |
b0b74d21-ea72-4b47-a0c4-c691fe45567f | Abnormalities of copper metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of all the following ExceptEXPL | Wilson's disease | Menkes Kinky-hair syndrome | Indian childhood cirrhosis | Keshan disease | 3d | multi | (Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 344) | Pediatrics | All India exam |
28a4b7ba-cccf-4d2d-8a96-d0dd09cba045 | Carcinoma in situ of skin is called as: | Cowden syndrome. | Bowen disease. | Both | None | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
c532d362-8ba4-4ad3-918d-2d924b10c55d | All the following pathogenic bacteria fulfill Kochs postulates except | Treponema pallidum | Yersinia pestis | Bacillus anthracis | Helicobacter pylori | 0a | multi | Koch's postulates: A microorganism was accepted as the causative agent of infectious disease, only when it satisfied all the following criteria: 1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy host. 2. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture fro... | Microbiology | General Microbiology Pa 1 (History, Microscopy, Stains and Structure and Physiology of Bacteria) |
9ce6e8cc-ca13-4ef2-bfbd-ac063cf227bf | Levinthal Coles Lillie bodies are seen in - | LGV | Psittacosis | KalaAzar | Chicken pox | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Psittacosis * In psittacosis infected cells, including alveolar macrophages from patients, and mouse brain, yolk sac and cell cultures shows inclusion bodies - Levinthal - Cole - Lillie (LCL) bodies. | Microbiology | Virology |
da06f0a5-5292-496f-80b4-78f16955d295 | Low grade squamous Intraepithelial leison of cervix in Bethseda system includes : | CIN 1 | CIN 2 | CIN 3 | Squamous metaplasia | 0a | single | Dysplasias are graded as: 1. Mild dysplasia (CIN-I). The undifferentiated cells are confined to the lower one-third of the epithelium. The cells are more differentiated towards the surface. Mild dysplasia due to infection is often seen in young women indulging in sexual activity. CIN-I is lately described as low grade ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology |
9ddd350b-7074-40ab-bab7-f0003984ad1e | Which of the following fracture is known as "fracture a-la signature"? | A depressed fracture | A fissured fracture | Separation of the suture | A ring fracture | 0a | single | Depressed fractures are produced by local deformation of the skull. In this, fractured bone is driven inwards into the skull cavity. The outer table is driven into the diploe, the inner table is fractured irregularly and to a greater extent and may be comminuted. They are also called 'fractures a la signature' (signatu... | Forensic Medicine | null |
26060999-5f56-4a34-84be-0f8e1ae7f56e | Which of the following is a terminal axillary lymph node? | central | lateral | anterior | apical | 3d | single | Apical group of lymph nodes are the terminal axillary lymph nodes. Lymphatic drainage of axillary lymph nodes Anterior, posterior, lateral - central - apical - infra clavicular - supraclavicular - right jugular trunk - right lymphatic duct - right jugulo subclan venous angle | Anatomy | Upper limb : Miscellaneous |
5395f0d5-df5f-4d5d-bfa7-94bbab8621bd | All of the following are ture regarding cephalosporins except - | Bactericidal agents | Active against only gram negative bacteria | IIIrd generation are resistant to beta-lactamases from gram negative bacteria | Ceftriaxone is administered parenterally | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Active against olny gram negative bacteria Cephalosporins are active against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria, and are bactericidal. o Ceftriaxone is a parentral cephalosporin. o Third generation cephalosporins are highly resistant to beta-lactamases from gram negative bacteria. | Pharmacology | null |
ce207c6c-d13c-40df-8e90-ed857aebb3a4 | A 30-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of 10kg weight loss despite an increased appetite. She also complains of anxiety, diarrhea and amenorrhea. Examination reveals a fine tremor, brisk reflexes and a systolic murmur heard throughout the precordium. A urine pregnancy screen was negative. What is the most... | Pulsus paradoxus | Collapsing pulse | Irregularly irregular pulse | Pulsus alternans | 2c | single | Female, weight loss in spite of appetite, amenorrhea, tremors, brisk reflexes are features of Thyrotoxicosis Option A- Pulses Paradoxus is feature of C. Tamponade it is ruled out Option B- Collapsing pulse- Rapidly rising pulse, which collapses suddenly as aerial pressure falls rapidly, during late systole and diastole... | Medicine | Murmurs |
db35fe68-a1ca-4186-8913-9b4efb4da43c | Advantage of cisatracurium over atracurium is? | Short duration of action | Rapid onset | Less allergic | Releases less histamine | 3d | multi | Ans. (D) Releases less histamine(Ref: Goodman and Gilman 13th/e p182)Both atracurium and cis-atracurium are non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.Both of these are intermediate acting agents (both have same duration of action).Both of these agents are cardiostableAtracurium has faster onset of action as compared to c... | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia |
e91962cc-3d50-407d-8209-efae81c174c5 | The initiation of hemoglobin synthesis requires: | Histidine | Glycine | Folate | Iron | 1b | single | Ans. (b) GlycineRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 326-28* Heme is synthesized in a complex series of steps involving enzymes in the mitochondrion and in the cytosol of the cell* The first step in heme synthesis takes place in the mitochondrion. Steps in heme synthesis are:# Condensation of succinyl CoA and glyci... | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.