pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
19,250,763 | Is testosterone production better preserved after 16 than 20 Gray irradiation treatment against testicular carcinoma in situ cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of 16 Gy radiotherapy (RT) vs. 20 Gy RT on Leydig cell function in men treated with radiotherapy against carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the testis.",
"Fifty-one men who were treated between 1985 and 2005 were included. Fourteen men had been treated with 20 Gy and 37 with 16 Gy... | RT at 16 and 20 Gy seem to affect Leydig cell function differently, with 16 Gy RT better preserving testosterone levels and thus being preferred from an endocrinological point of view. | yes |
19,249,494 | Does recovery of graft function early posttransplant determine long-term graft survival in deceased donor renal transplants? | {
"contexts": [
"Because kidneys show remarkable resilience and can recover function, we examined the impact on long-term graft survival in deceased donor renal transplants of both immediate graft function (IGF) and the rate of renal function recovery over the first 3 months after transplantation.",
"We inclu... | Early graft function in the first 3 months showed a significant impact on long-term graft survival after deceased donor renal transplantation. | yes |
19,249,496 | Is duration of delayed graft function an important predictor of 1-year serum creatinine? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of various factors on 1-year serum creatinine (SCr) as a surrogate endpoint for allograft survival among a series of kidney transplantations performed at 2 centers.",
"Two hundred sixty consecutive renal transplantations were included w... | We confirmed that 1-year SCr was primarily affected by well-known factors, such as AR incidence, donor age, and female recipient sex. However, we identified DGF duration as a significant factor affecting 1-year SCr. AR rate was also associated with DGF duration, which in turn depended upon longer CIT. | yes |
19,250,113 | Is magnetic resonance imaging superior to cardiac scintigraphy to identify nonresponders to cardiac resynchronization therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular (LV) postero-lateral scar and total scar burden are factors responsible for a poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and (99m)Tc-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ... | By SPECT imaging in the DCM group, severe perfusion defects, due to attenuation artifacts, were frequently observed in the LV inferior wall, resulting in the overestimation of scar tissue. CMR identified nonresponders to CRT more reliably than SPECT in patients with DCM. | yes |
8,637,072 | Is early resuscitation with low-volume PolyDCLHb effective in the treatment of shock induced by penetrating vascular injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the efficacy of an oxygen-carrying solution in early resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock induced by penetrating vascular injury.",
"Experimental study with anesthetized rats.",
"Severe hemorrhagic shock was induced by a 25-gauge needle puncture to the infrarenal aorta. Forty anima... | Early resuscitation with low-volume hemoglobin is effective in restoring tissue perfusion and improving survival in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. | yes |
8,625,684 | Does volemic status influence the response of plasma atrial natriuretic factor to positive airway pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"STUDY OBJECTIVE; To evaluate interactive effects of volemic status and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in assist-controlled mechanical ventilation (MV).",
"Three successive protocols applied in randomized order to each participan... | These results demonstrate for the first time (to our knowledge) that volemic status modulates the response of plasma ANF to PEEP in humans. The role of ANF in the water and salt retention induced by MV with PEEP might be limited to hypervolemic conditions. | yes |
8,635,066 | Is soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha elevated in sera of patients with benign ovarian neoplasms and epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have established that soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R alpha) levels are elevated in ascites and sera from individuals with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage III/IV). This study was undertaken to evaluate sIL-2... | Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha levels do not appear to differentiate between benign adnexal lesions and early malignancy; however, measurement of sIL-2R alpha levels in combination with CA125 warrants further evaluation to determine if together they will identify individuals with Stages I and II ovarian cancer. | yes |
8,638,832 | Does long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment attenuate adrenergic responsiveness without altering hemodynamic control in patients undergoing cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The sympathoadrenal and the renin-angiotensin systems are involved in blood pressure regulation and are known to be markedly activated during cardiac surgery. Because unexpected hypotensive events have been reported repeatedly during anesthesia in patients chronically treated with angiotensin-con... | Long-term ACE inhibitor treatment in patients with preserved left ventricular function alters neither the endocrine response nor the hemodynamic stability during cardiac surgery. However, a significantly attenuated adrenergic responsiveness associated with incomplete blockade of the plasma renin-angiotensin system supp... | yes |
8,614,942 | Does ketamine antagonize nitric oxide release from cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery ligation in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia or hypoxia activates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and results in nitric oxide (NO) production. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an NMDA channel blocker can inhibit NO production during ischemia.",
"Temporary cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebra... | These findings demonstrated that NO release induced by short-term cerebral ischemia can be attenuated by pretreatment with NMDA antagonists. | yes |
8,636,782 | Does analysis of cumulative probabilities show that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonist prophylaxis is not maintained? | {
"contexts": [
"Several investigators have reported that the efficacy of 5HT3 receptor antagonists is maintained over repeated cycles of chemotherapy. These investigators presented conditional probabilities of protection. Because conditional analyses by definition only include patients with protection in previou... | We conclude that overall and complete long-term protection is more accurately measured by cumulative probabilities than with a method that is based on conditional probabilities. Our statistical approach shows that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonists is not maintained. | yes |
8,616,178 | Is estimation of total creatinine clearance unreliable in children on peritoneal dialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the reliability of creatinine clearance in children on peritoneal dialysis (PD).",
"Longitudinal, case-controlled.",
"Routine clinic visits at the pediatric dialysis unit of the Universitätskinderklinik of Vienna.",
"Eleven children (2-13 years, 10-55 kg) with end-stage renal ... | Estimation of total CCr is unreliable in pediatric patients on PD. A simultaneous formula clearance can be used to detect which values are unreliable. | yes |
8,625,634 | Does chest vibration redistribute intra-airway CO2 during tracheal insufflation in ventilatory failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if high-frequency external chest wall vibration added to low flow intratracheal fresh gas insufflation alters the intra-airway CO2 distribution and the resistance to CO2 transport from the lungs.",
"Prospective study.",
"Experimental laboratory.",
"Six adult anesthesized ... | Global gas exchange improves during ventilation by chest wall vibration with low flow insufflation. Local gas exchange in the central airways is also improved due to increased intraluminal mixing and CO2 elimination. This ventilation technique may confer therapeutic advantages over conventional mechanical ventilation i... | yes |
8,625,633 | Does small-volume resuscitation restore hemorrhage-induced microcirculatory disorders in rat pancreas? | {
"contexts": [
"Pancreatic hypoxia/ischemia, as a consequence of shock-induced microcirculatory failure, is considered a causative factor in the initiation and/or progression of pancreatic tissue injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of \"small volume resuscitation\" with conventional isovolem... | Despite replacement of only 10% of actual blood loss, small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch is as effective as the ten-fold volume of isotonic hydroxyethyl starch and, due to prevention of microvascular endothelial cell swelling, superior to the 40-fold volume of isotonic lactated Ringer's solu... | yes |
8,615,719 | Is interleukin-6 production by rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells associated with metastatic potential but not with tumorigenicity? | {
"contexts": [
"The phenotypic characteristics that allow some tumor cells to metastasize have not been fully identified. The production and/or response of tumor cells to various growth factors have been shown to distinguish cells of differing metastatic potentials.",
"To determine (1) whether rat hepatocell... | Excess IL-6 production appears to identify cells with metastatic potential and does not appear to be essential to the establishment of a primary tumor. | yes |
8,633,588 | Is helicobacter pylori infection the major risk factor for atrophic gastritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association of both Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and advancing age with increased prevalence of atrophic gastritis.",
"Two hundred and thirty-eight subjects who had no esophagitis, peptic ulcers, or malignancies in the upper gastrointestinal tract were divided into three... | Our results suggest that Hp infection is a stronger predictor than advancing age for atrophic gastritis. | yes |
8,633,627 | Are urine but not plasma nitric oxide metabolites decreased in women with preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide is a potent vasorelaxant produced by endothelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that urinary and perhaps plasma nitric oxide metabolites would be reduced in women with preeclampsia.",
"Plasma and urine from 14 women meeting strict clinical criteria for the diagnosis of preeclamp... | Our study using concomitant measurement of plasma and urine nitrate and nitrite suggests a reduced production of nitric oxide in women with preeclampsia compared with normal pregnant women. | yes |
8,635,134 | Is epithelial ovarian tumors in the reproductive age group : age an independent prognostic factor? | {
"contexts": [
"While ovarian carcinoma is rare in the reproductive age group, these younger patients are known to fare better than the older patients. To determine whether age is an independent prognostic factor, as well as to investigate the clinicopathologic profile and survival rate of young women with ovari... | Epithelial ovarian cancer patients age 30 years or younger have a more favorable prognosis because of a higher rate of early stage, low grade tumors. Patients aged 31-40 years also show a more favorable disease profile and clinical outcome, although to a lesser extent, than the average ovarian cancer population. Age do... | no |
8,629,845 | Is systemic tacrolimus ( FK 506 ) effective for the treatment of psoriasis in a double-blind , placebo-controlled study . The European FK 506 Multicentre Psoriasis Study Group? | {
"contexts": [
"Fifty patients with severe recalcitrant plaque-type psoriasis were randomized to receive treatment with either oral tacrolimus (FK 506) (n=27) or placebo (n=23) for 9 weeks. The two treatment groups were comparable with respect to baseline demographic data. The initial dose was 0.05 mg/kg per day... | Compared with placebo, tacrolimus is efficacious in the treatment of recalcitrant plaque-type psoriasis. | yes |
8,633,669 | Do hormonal treatment for bleeding irregularities in Norplant implant users? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to evaluate whether prolonged or irregular bleeding during Norplant implant use could be alleviated with the use of oral hormonal medication.",
"One hundred fifty users of the Norplant levonorgestrel contraceptive implant with prolonged or frequent bleeding were enrolled in th... | The combined pill proved to be an excellent palliative treatment and is a more practical approach because of availability at all clinic sites. | yes |
8,633,935 | Does triiodothyronine therapy lower the incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiopulmonary bypass results in a euthyroid sick state, and recent evidence suggests that perioperative triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation may have hemodynamic benefits. In light of the known effects of thyroid hormone on atrial electrophysiology, we investigated the effects of perioperative... | Perioperative T3 administration decreased the incidence and need for treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation. | yes |
8,633,932 | Does lateral tunnel suture line variation reduce atrial flutter after the modified Fontan operation? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common postoperative sequela of the modified Fontan operation, or total cavopulmonary connection. We hypothesized that injury to the crista terminalis (CT) by the lateral tunnel suture line contributes to the development of AFL in this setting. This study was designed to... | In an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation, conduction block imposed by the lateral tunnel suture line is an essential component of the AFL circuit. The inducibility of AFL is increased by suture line placement along the CT. Slow conduction, resulting from injury to the CT, promotes this increased induci... | yes |
8,622,050 | Does telephone-based nursing intervention improve the effectiveness of the informed consent process in cancer clinical trials? | {
"contexts": [
"Here we report the results of a randomized study undertaken to test the efficacy of a supplementary, telephone-based nursing intervention in increasing patients' awareness and understanding of the clinical trials in which they are asked to participate.",
"During a 12-month period, 180 cancer ... | The use of a supplementary, telephone-based nursing intervention is a feasible and effective means to increase cancer patients' awareness and understanding of the salient issues that surround the clinical trials in which they are asked to participate. | yes |
8,626,959 | Do platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have impaired ability to mediate vasodilation? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine vasomotor responses mediated by platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus.",
"Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which in part may be due to a variety of abnormalities reported in diabetic platel... | Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have an impaired ability to mediate vasodilation. This impairment appears to be mediated by high glucose concentration. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms for this abnormality in diabetic platelets. | yes |
8,613,033 | Is folate synthesized by bacteria in the human upper small intestine assimilated by the host? | {
"contexts": [
"Some intestinal flora are known to synthesize folate. The aim of this study was to determine whether folate synthesized by small intestinal flora is assimilated by the human host.",
"Subjects with atrophic gastritis and healthy volunteers were studied before and after omeprazole administratio... | (1) Mild bacterial overgrowth caused by atrophic gastritis and administration of omeprazole are associated with de novo folate synthesis in the lumen of the small intestine; (2) the human host absorbs and uses some of these folates; and (3) the contribution to folate nutriture from this source remains unclear. | yes |
8,632,122 | Is attenuation of experimental hypertension by dietary linoleic acid model dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of a linoleic acid enriched diet with NaCl on the development of hypertension in Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl-S) rats and in two-kidney, one-clip Sprague Dawley rats.",
"In both experimental models, separate groups of animals were fed eit... | Safflower oil has a hypotensive effect only in the two-kidney, one-clip rat on a low NaCl, but not on a high NaCl intake, and not in Dahl-S rats. Additional studies are required to identify the mechanism(s) for the hypotensive effect of safflower oil and to define the relationship of this animal study to human hyperten... | yes |
8,636,524 | Does topical upper airway anaesthesia with lidocaine increase airway resistance by impairing glottic function? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess if two different forms of upper airway topical anaesthesia induce similar changes in airway flow resistance (Rrs).",
"Serial measurements of Rrs before and after topical anaesthesia with acqueous or paste lidocaine.",
"Lung function test laboratory.",
"9 normal men with docu... | Topical upper airway anaesthesia transiently increases Rrs with no specific effects regarding the drug presentation. Laryngeal dysfunction may be one mechanisms involved in Rrs increase following upper airway topical anaesthesia. Such findings may explain some poor respiratory tolerance reported during endoscopy. | yes |
8,624,218 | Is physical aggression associated with preservation of substantia nigra pars compacta in Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate specific neuropathologic correlates of agitation and physical aggression in Alzheimer disease (AD).",
"Neuronal counts in the nucleus basalis, locus ceruleus, and substantia nigra were compared in the brains of patients with pathologically definite AD with or without histories ... | Preservation of pigmented substantia nigra neurons may be a risk factor for physical aggression in AD. | yes |
8,613,658 | Is day-to-day variation in iron status indexes similar for most measures in elderly women with and without rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the day-to-day variation in biochemical measures of iron status in a group of elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis compared with a group of healthy elderly women.",
"Venous blood samples were collected from each subject on 3 nonconsecutive days during a 2-week study period; su... | These findings corroborate our previous finding that variation of serum ferritin concentration in the elderly is lower than that demonstrated in younger populations. This aging effect persists in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. Fasting appeared to improve reliability in the determinations for serum iron concentra... | yes |
8,616,919 | Is the protective dose of the potent GPIIb/IIIa antagonist SC-54701A reduced when used in combination with aspirin and heparin in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibrinogen receptor antagonists block the fibrinogen-platelet interaction at the GPIIb/IIIa receptors and inhibit thrombus formation. SC-54701 is the active metabolite of SC-54684A, an orally fibrinogen receptor antagonist. We compared the efficacy of SC-54701A (SCa, hydrochloride salt) with that... | SCa has dose-dependent antithrombotic efficacy and inhibits ex vivo platelet aggregation. ASA, heparin, or saline was ineffective in this model. SCa (0.5X) plus ASA and heparin maximized the antithrombotic effect of this lower dose of SCa. | yes |
8,619,724 | Does lidocaine reduce reperfusion injury and neutrophil migration in canine lung allografts? | {
"contexts": [
"Depletion of neutrophils (PMNs) and inhibition of PMN endothelial adhesion ameliorate post-ischemic lung reperfusion injury. Lidocaine reduces PMN adhesion to endothelial surfaces in vivo, and inhibits upregulation of PMN-CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) in vitro. We evaluated the effect of lidocaine on reperf... | Our observations indicate that lidocaine reduces reperfusion injury and inhibits PMN adhesion and subsequent migration to the lung allograft. | yes |
8,629,242 | Does early surgery improve the cure of aneurysm-induced oculomotor palsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Aneurysm of the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (ICA-PCoA) is the most frequent cause of sudden unilateral oculomotor palsy. Timely surgery for the aneurysm is the most important factor for third nerve recovery.",
"We scrutinized the world literature with nearly one thousand c... | We recommend immediate admission and acute or early surgery for aneurysm-induced third nerve palsy, preferably within 3 days, to avoid functionally and cosmetically invalidizing disability. | yes |
8,636,550 | Do plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations predict survival after acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"This study sought to examine whether plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels can predict prognosis after myocardial infarction.",
"It has been suggested that concentrations of plasma brain natriuretic peptide reflect left ventricular function. Although the prognosis after myocardial infarctio... | Increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in the early or subacute phase of myocardial infarction are a powerful noninvasive indicator of poor prognosis, possibly reflecting residual left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. | yes |
8,632,567 | Is prostate specific antigen metabolized in the liver? | {
"contexts": [
"The site of metabolism of prostate specific antigen (PSA) was determined.",
"In a prospective study, during clinically indicated left and right heart catheterizations for various cardiac diseases in 12 men (mean age 62.5 +/- 8.3 years, standard deviation), selective blood samples were obtaine... | PSA is released from the prostate. The kidneys and lungs do not have a significant role in elimination of PSA, and the liver appears to be the most likely site of its metabolism. Although our sample size is small and the PSA range is narrow, our results strongly support these conclusions. | yes |
8,625,112 | Is mitoxantrone effective in treating childhood T-cell lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"T-cell malignancies in childhood are highly malignant diseases usually treated with intensive multidrug chemotherapy. In these regimens, anthracyclines, which are considerably cardiotoxic, are used. Mitoxantrone is structurally related to the anthracyclines, but it is considered to be less cardio... | Mitoxantrone is effective in treating childhood T-cell malignancies. Its efficacy needs to be compared with the anthracyclines in a future randomized study. | yes |
8,619,505 | Does acute exposure to carbon monoxide affect plasma lipids , lipoproteins , and apolipoproteins? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of acute exposure to carbon monoxide and hypoxia on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins.",
"Random-order assignment to blinded, inhaled exposures of carbon monoxide and hypoxia.",
"Research laboratory of ambulatory subjects.",
"10 elderly, male nons... | Acute exposure to carbon monoxide and high altitude does not affect fasting plasma lipid, lipoprotein, or apolipoprotein levels. | no |
8,630,211 | Does transforming growth factor beta 1 improve wound healing and random flap survival in normal and irradiated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of chronic irradiation on wound healing and random flap survival (FV), and the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in this setting using an animal model.",
"A randomized, controlled study with four groups of rats to study the effect of irradiation 4... | Transforming growth factor beta 1 improves wound healing and random FV in radiated and nonirradiated rat skin. Further study is needed to determine the radiation dose necessary to create an "impaired wound-healing model" in rats, and the optimum dose of TGF-beta 1 in this setting. | yes |
8,615,934 | Does what explain the variation in the direct costs of graduate medical education? | {
"contexts": [
"There is considerable variation in the costs of training residents across hospitals. Previous studies have reported training costs that ranged for $7,500 to $200,000 per resident, with means in the $50,000 to $60,000 range. This paper examines the factors associated with the variation in the dire... | Much of the current variation in residency costs and payments is attributable to accounting and not structural or locational factors. Institutions looking for ways to become more efficient could compare costs of training across institutions without sophisticated adjusters. Federal policymakers should consider a nationa... | no |
8,634,810 | Does a histological comparison of 50 % and 70 % glycolic acid peel using solutions with various pHs? | {
"contexts": [
"Seventy percent glycolic acid solutions are being commonly used as superficial chemical peeling agents. The pH of these solutions ranges from 0.08 to 2.75. The histologic effects of these various pH solutions on human skin have not been studied.",
"The histologic effects of several commercial... | This study demonstrates that chemical peeling with a 70% free glycolic acid creates more tissue damage than a free glycolic acid. When using a 70% glycolic acid solution, the lower pH products (below pH 2) create more necrosis than the partially neutralized products with a pH above 2. At this time there is no evidence ... | yes |
8,627,821 | Does preoperative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate specific antigen predict treatment failure following radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously demonstrated than an enhanced reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for prostate specific antigen (PSA) can predict final pathological stage in radical prostatectomy patients. The potential role of the assay in predicting serum PSA recurrence after radical prostatect... | Enhanced reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for PSA is a statistically significant predictor of potential failure by pathological analysis and of disease recurrence by PSA. Longer followup data are required to define further the role of the assay in the management of patients with prostate cancer. | yes |
8,627,828 | Is the ileal ureter neobladder associated with a high success and a low complication rate? | {
"contexts": [
"Several different methods to construct a bladder substitute after cystectomy have been described. We evaluated our experience with the Studer ileal ureter neobladder during the last 5 years.",
"We reviewed retrospectively the results in 32 patients who underwent construction of a slightly mod... | The results reveal the ileal neobladder to be an easily constructed pouch with a low complication rate, and a high success rate in regard to continence and the establishment of adequate capacity at low pressure. Within the study period upper tract preservation was excellent. However, a 10 to 15-year followup is indicat... | yes |
8,618,291 | Does in vitro fertilization improve pregnancy rates for sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated semen quality and pregnancy rates achieved with sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation.",
"A series of 183 rectal probe ejaculation procedures performed by 1 of us (J. F. E.) on 40 anejaculatory men was reviewed.",
"Motile sperm were recovered from 95% of men undergoing r... | Motile sperm are obtained from most men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation and pregnancy rates obtained with these sperm are improved by in vitro fertilization. | yes |
8,618,293 | Are teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen and volume of metastasis predictors of retroperitoneal teratoma in low stage nonseminomatous testis cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined whether teratomatous elements in the orchiectomy specimen predict for teratoma in the retroperitoneum in patients who have not received chemotherapy.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with clinical stages A, B and B2 nonseminoma who underwent retroperitoneal... | When deciding on treatment for low stage nonseminoma, the presence or absence of teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen should be considered to minimize double therapy. | yes |
8,611,057 | Do early-onset alcoholics have lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels than late-onset alcoholics? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the interrelationships of age at onset of excessive alcohol consumption, family history of alcoholism, psychiatric comorbidity, and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations in abstinent, treatment-seeking alcoholics.",
"We studied 131 recently abstinent alcoholi... | Among treatment-seeking alcoholics, early age at onset is generally associated with a more severe course of alcoholism and lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration. | yes |
8,630,943 | Is erbB-2 expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been reported that the c-erbB-2 protooncogene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in many types of cancers, except sarcomas and hematological malignancies.",
"Expression of ErbB-2 in the tumors of 26 patients with conventional osteosarcoma was evaluated by immunoblotting. DNA fro... | In 42% of the osteosarcomas, the tumor cells expressed ErbB-2. Expression of ErbB-2 was strongly correlated with early pulmonary metastasis and poor survival rate for the patient. These data suggest that ErbB-2 plays a significant role in aggressive tumor growth and in the promotion of metastatic potential in osteosarc... | yes |
8,630,946 | Do younger women with breast carcinoma have a poorer prognosis than older women? | {
"contexts": [
"It is controversial whether breast cancer in young women is more aggressive than in older women. This study was initiated to determine age-associated outcome of women with breast carcinoma.",
"Patients with breast carcinoma, who were identified in a statewide tumor registry, were divided into... | Our results indicate that women 40 years of age and younger have a worse 5CSS than their older counterparts. This difference in survival is not solely a reflection of more advanced disease but may reflect differences in tumor biology. | yes |
8,612,998 | Does polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine prevent stricture formation in a rat model of colitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine stimulates collagen breakdown in experimental models of liver cirrhosis. Bowel strictures are characterized by excess deposition of collagen in the intestinal wall. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in th... | Oral supplementation with polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine prevents the accumulation of collagen in inflamed intestinal tissue and the formation of strictures. This effect is associated with an enhanced collagen catabolism. | yes |
8,612,995 | Does lysophosphatidylcholine increase 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene expression in CaCo-2 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The small intestine plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of cholesterol synthesis by lysophosphatidylcholine in intestinal cells.",
"CaCo-2 cells cultured on semipermeable supports were incubated with taurocholate and lysophos... | Lysophosphatidylcholine increased cholesterol synthesis by increasing the expression of HMG-CoA reductase at the level of the gene and protein. Efflux of cellular cholesterol and the need to replace this lost cholesterol account for the observed changes in cholesterol metabolism. | yes |
8,612,993 | Do tumor necrosis factor microsatellites define a Crohn 's disease-associated haplotype on chromosome 6? | {
"contexts": [
"HLA class II associations have been described in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and may be markers for other closely linked genes that are involved in disease pathogenesis. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus, which contains the genes for TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, is located on ... | The TNFa2b1c2d4e1 allelic combination is the strongest genetic risk factor described in CD and, with HLA class II alleles, defines a group of markers on chromosome 6 that extends from HLA class II to upstream of the TNF-beta gene. | yes |
8,638,838 | Is stellate ganglion block associated with increased tibial nerve muscle sympathetic activity in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Left stellate ganglion block has been shown to increase heart rate and blood pressure, possible because of blockage of afferent vagal fibers from arterial baroreceptors in the aortic arch. Because efferent muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is influenced by the arterial baroreflex, the hypo... | Tibial nerve MSNA increased during left stellate ganglion block with mepivacaine. | yes |
8,612,417 | Does lidocaine attenuate the hypotensive and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effects of lidocaine on the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to Escherichia coli endotoxemia in rabbits.",
"Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.",
"University laboratory.",
"Twenty-seven female Japanese rabbits, anesthetized with urethane and ven... | Lidocaine attenuated the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits. Findings suggest that lidocaine administration may prevent the development of hypotension and metabolic acidosis during endotoxemia. | yes |
8,613,056 | Is risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with nonsmoking behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"Seventy percent of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have concomitant ulcerative colitis. Smoking and previous appendectomy may protect against ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to examine these factors in patients with PSC.",
"Fifty-nine patients with PSC, 130 pa... | Smoking but not previous appendectomy is associated with decreased risk of PSC. | yes |
8,612,996 | Does keratinocyte growth factor ameliorate mucosal injury in an experimental model of colitis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is known to enhance tissue repair in the skin; however, its role in the gastrointestinal tract is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous KGF in an experimental model of colitis in rats.",
"KGF was administered before or... | Exogenous KGF has a key role in mucosal healing in an experimental model of colitis in rats. | yes |
8,625,036 | Is epirubicin , cisplatin , and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil an active and safe regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer . An Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer ( GISCAD ) report? | {
"contexts": [
"A Phase II confirmatory multicenter trial was performed to evaluate a combination of epirubicin, cisplatin, and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (ECF) in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer.",
"Fifty-three patients with locally advanced (n = 7) or metastatic (n = 46) gastric canc... | This study found that the ECF regimen is substantially active in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer and has a favorable pattern of toxicity. This schedule clearly deserves randomized comparative trials for palliation of metastatic disease and for adjuvant purposes. | yes |
8,615,602 | Does the glycosylation profile of interleukin-2 activated human lymphocytes correlate to their anti-tumor activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Natural killer cells display spontaneous, non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against tumour cells, which is strongly enhanced after incubation with IL-2. The molecular background of the increased anti-tumour activity of these lymphokine-activated killer cells is still only partly understood.",
"... | The conclusion is drawn that there is a clear correlation between the glycosylation of LAK cell glycoproteins and their anti-tumour activity which points to the involvement of cell surface glycoconjugates in the development of LAK activity. | yes |
8,612,379 | Does diltiazem enhance the effects of triazolam by inhibiting its metabolism? | {
"contexts": [
"Triazolam is metabolized by CYP3A4. Diltiazem is an inhibitor of this isozyme and interacts with midazolam, another substrate of this enzyme. Therefore the possible interaction between triazolam and diltiazem is worth investigation.",
"A balanced, randomized, double-blind crossover study desi... | Diltiazem has a clinically significant interaction with oral triazolam. The data is highly suggestive that diltiazem inhibits the metabolism of triazolam during the first-pass and elimination phases. Prescription of triazolam should be avoided if a patient is using diltiazem or other potent inhibitors of CYP3A. | yes |
8,632,601 | Does the Malone antegrade colonic enema enhance the quality of life in children undergoing urological incontinence procedures? | {
"contexts": [
"Functional alterations of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and physical limitations in children with spina bifida, imperforate anus and spinal cord injury challenge the ability to have independent fecal and urinary continence. Urologists have successfully helped these patients achie... | The antegrade colonic enema procedure is easily performed and it should be considered for any child with significant physical limitations and/or refractory fecal incontinence before urological continence promoting procedures are done. | yes |
8,632,605 | Are urinary nitric oxide synthase activity and cyclic GMP levels decreased with interstitial cystitis and increased with urinary tract infections? | {
"contexts": [
"Since urinary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity correlates with certain disease process affecting the urinary tract and since nitric oxide increases cyclic GMP levels by activating guanylyl cyclase, urinary particulate NOS activity and cyclic GMP levels are evaluated in female patients with in... | Regulation of urinary NOS activity with subsequent changes in nitric oxide and cyclic GMP may be an important determinant of symptoms and immunologic responses to UTIs and IC. | yes |
8,624,179 | Is weight change between age 50 years and old age associated with risk of hip fracture in white women aged 67 years and older? | {
"contexts": [
"Although changes in body weight with aging are common, little is known about the effects of weight change on health in old age.",
"To study the effects of weight loss and weight gain from age 50 years to old age on the risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal white women aged 67 years and ol... | Weight history is an important determinant of the risk of hip fracture. Weight loss beginning at age 50 years increases the risk of hip fracture in older white women, especially among those who are thin at age 50 years; weight gain of 10% or more decreases the risk of hip fracture. Physicians should include weight hist... | yes |
8,619,917 | Does systemic treatment in the rat with epidermal growth factor cause polycystic growth of the ovaries? | {
"contexts": [
"It has previously been suggested that epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a role in the function of the ovary. We administered systemic EGF to assess the influence of EGF receptor stimulation on the morphology of the ovaries.",
"Forty-eight female Wistar rats were allocated to five groups rec... | EGF administration causes the follicular cells to produce cysts and increases the quantity of luteinizing cells. | yes |
8,630,358 | Does [ Initial experiences with dilatation of dialysis shunt with color-coded duplex ultrasonography monitoring ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Aim of the study was to evaluate the technical aspects of colour coded duplex sonography guided interventions of peripheral vessels.",
"During 15 months 39 stenoses of shunt veins in 24 patients were dilated guided by colour coded duplex sonography.",
"38 stenoses were dilated without com... | PTA guided by colour coded duplex sonography is an alternative to DSA guided interventions of superficial vessels without x-ray exposure or contrast agent application. | yes |
8,631,556 | Is estrogen receptor expression a common feature of ovarian borderline tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"The presence of estrogen receptor (ER) and its therapeutic significance in ovarian borderline tumors (OBT) have not been established. We recently observed a response to tamoxifen therapy given empirically to a patient with unresectable, recurrent serous borderline tumor (SBT). In view of this obs... | ER expression is a common feature of SBT and MMBT, but not MIBT. The relevance of ER expression in the pathogenesis and treatment of OBTs requires further investigation. | yes |
8,636,547 | Are patterns and behavior of transient myocardial ischemia in stable coronary disease the same in both men and women : a comparative study? | {
"contexts": [
"This study sought to compare the circadian variations in transient ischemic activity, mean heart rate and ischemic threshold between women and men with coronary artery disease.",
"There is a circadian variation in ischemic activity, onset of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in p... | Women with coronary artery disease have a pattern of ischemic activity and underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms very similar to men. The importance of increase in myocardial oxygen demand in the genesis of ischemia in both men and women is reflected by similar magnitude of heart rate increases before ischemia. The lo... | yes |
8,635,270 | Does aminoguanidine prevent the decreased myocardial compliance produced by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"A decreased cardiac compliance is a major feature of the cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus. Either an increase in the resistance afterload to the LV or an increase in collagen cross-linking induced by the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) of collagen may be responsible for... | These results demonstrate that diabetes mellitus can produce a stiff myocardium before the development of myocardial fibrosis. The stiff myocardium in the early stages of the development of the cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus is not a consequence of an increase in ventricular resistance afterload and in these circu... | yes |
8,614,915 | Does magnetic resonance imaging correlate of transient cerebral ischemic attacks? | {
"contexts": [
"MRI of patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) may provide more detailed morphological insights than CT. We therefore studied the frequency and type of TIA-related infarcts shown by MRI, examined the utility of intravenous contrast material, and searched for potential predictors of infarc... | More than two thirds of TIA patients showed no associated brain lesion even when MRI and contrast material were used, but the overall frequency of ischemic damage was high. TIA-related infarcts on MRI were mostly small and limited to the cortex and tended to consist of multiple lesions. A positive MRI underscores the n... | yes |
8,615,639 | Does the synthetic phosphagen cyclocreatine phosphate inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of solid tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"The brain isoform of creatine kinase (CKBB), an enzyme involved in energy metabolism, has been implicated in cellular transformation process. Cyclocreatine (CCr), a creatine kinase (CK) substrate analogue, was shown to inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of solid tumors expressing high levels ... | The observation that only high-CK cell lines were responsive to CCrP, similar to CCr, indicates that the enzyme requirement was not bypassed. We propose that CK is a target for CCrP, and is involved in mediating its antiproliferative activity. | yes |
8,625,130 | Does analysis of RET protooncogene point mutations distinguish heritable from nonheritable medullary thyroid carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"The distinction of sporadic from inherited medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) is of clinical importance because of the differences in prognosis, and the need for family screening for genetic counseling required in the latter. Germline mutations in the RET protooncogene are associated with multip... | This study demonstrates that (1) the molecular methods are not only suitable to identify asymptomatic individuals at risk for MEN 2A, FMTC, and MEN 2B but also to distinguish heritable from nonheritable MTCs using archival tissue specimens, and (2) that more MTCs than clinically expected are heritable, indicating the n... | yes |
8,627,840 | Does seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men inhibit sperm motility of normal men? | {
"contexts": [
"Seminal plasma was investigated as a contributor to the poor sperm motility of spinal cord injured men.",
"Seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men was mixed with sperm of normal men and vice versa. Sperm motility was analyzed at 5 and 60 minutes after mixing.",
"At 5 (but not 60) minute... | Seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men contributes to poor sperm motility. | yes |
8,635,937 | Is olsalazine contraindicated during pelvic radiation therapy : results of a double-blind , randomized clinical trial? | {
"contexts": [
"A randomized clinical trial from Great Britain suggested a possible beneficial effect of acetylsalicylate in the prevention of radiation-induced bowel toxicity. Olsalazine is an orally administered drug designed to deliver 5-aminosalicylate to the large bowel with minimal systemic absorption. A r... | Administration of olsalazine during pelvic radiation therapy resulted in an increased incidence and severity of diarrhea. Olsalazine is contraindicated in patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy. | yes |
8,638,849 | Is pseudocholinesterase-mediated hydrolysis superior to neostigmine for reversal of mivacurium-induced paralysis in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic hydrolysis of mivacurium (and succinylcholine) is markedly impaired in the presence of hereditary or acquired defects of pseudocholinesterase. Clinical reports are conflicting as to the utility of anticholinesterases, in the reversal of mivacurium paralysis. In the current study, th... | Human plasma cholinesterase will reverse mivacurium more effectively than bovine pseudocholinesterase, but both will effectively reverse succinylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase has no effects on either relaxant. The anticholinesterase neostigmine was an incomplete reversal drug. Pharmacologic concentrations of anticholin... | yes |
8,614,066 | Does inhibition of the biologic activity of tumor necrosis factor maintain vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Although vascular endothelial cell function (i.e., the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide) decreases and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases during sepsis, it is not known whether the elevated TNF is responsible for the depression of endothelial cell function under such conditio... | Since administration of PEG-(rsTNF-R1)2 maintains vascular endothelial cell structure and function, it can be concluded that TNF plays a pivotal role in producing endothelial dysfunction during sepsis. Thus, pharmacologic agents that inhibit TNF biologic activity and/or its production may be useful for protecting endot... | yes |
8,614,064 | Does neither dopamine nor dobutamine reverse the depression in mesenteric blood flow caused by positive end-expiratory pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been shown to cause a depression of mesenteric blood flow (MBF) and redistribution of blood flow away from the mesenteric vascular bed.",
"We sought to determine whether two commonly used vasoactive agents, dopamine, a known mesenteric vasodilator a... | It is clear that inotropes are not a replacement for adequate fluid loading to correct the depression in cardiac output and mesenteric blood flow associated with the use of mechanical ventilation and PEEP. Low-dose dopamine may serve as an adjunct to adequate fluid resuscitation to improve MBF. | yes |
8,617,610 | Does practice setting and physician influence on judgments of colon cancer treatment by community physicians? | {
"contexts": [
"This article compares judgments about the treatment of Dukes' B2 and C colon cancer made by general surgeons to those of internists and family practitioners. Physician and practice variables were specialty, affiliation with a Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) hospital, time in practice, ... | Physician and practice setting characteristics, including organized structures such as the CCOP, are possible mediating structures that can facilitate dissemination of standards of treatment. | yes |
8,635,053 | Is sialosyl Tn antigen expression associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies have revealed a correlation between sialosyl Tn antigen (STN) and certain clinicopathologic features of various cancers, and that STN is an independent prognostic factor. However, the clinical significance of the expression of STN in gastric cancer has not been reported. Thus, the... | These results suggest that STN may be a useful marker associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer. | yes |
8,636,577 | Does chair design affect how older adults rise from a chair? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine how modifications of key chair design aspects, such as seat height, posterior seat tilt, backrest recline, seat compressibility, and armrest placement, affect how older adults rise from a chair and the seating comfort they experience.",
"Cross-sectional comparison.",
"Congreg... | Aspects of chair design such as lowered seat height, increased posterior seat tilt, increased back recline, and increased compressibility interfere with chair egress in older adults. While decreasing ease of egress, however, these same factors may increase seating comfort. Furniture designers and manufacturers must fin... | yes |
8,625,640 | Does iced temperature injectate for thermodilution cardiac output determination cause minimal effects on cardiodynamics? | {
"contexts": [
"Controversy exists regarding the ideal injectate temperature for measuring cardiac output. Iced temperature injectate gives a higher signal/noise ratio and less variability in the measured cardiac output. Thus, less volume and fewer measurements are required. Advocates of room temperature injecta... | Iced temperature injectate used in clinically relevant volumes causes transient negative chronotropic effects, but reservations regarding other perturbations of cardiodynamics are unfounded. Thus, the use of iced temperature injectate for cardiac output determination is still a viable alternative to room temperature in... | yes |
8,624,530 | Is [ A single positive prostatic biopsy out of six systematic biopsies correlated with the intracapsular nature of the tumor on an individual level ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether or not a single positive prostatic biopsy out of six systematic ultrasound-guided biopsies, is reliably correlated manner with favourable histopathological features of the tumour on the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen.",
"In a series of 158 patients undergoing RP for c... | A single positive prostatic biopsy out of six systematic biopsies is a useful predictive factor of local extension, but, in the individual patient, does not guarantee favourable histopathological characteristics of the tumour, nor a favourable course of the disease. | no |
8,635,265 | Does systemic endothelin receptor blockade decrease peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Although local inhibition of the generation or actions of endothelin-1 has been shown to cause forearm vasodilatation, the systemic effects of endothelin receptor blockade in healthy humans are unknown. We therefore investigated the cardiovascular effects of a potent peptide endothelin ETA/B rece... | The endothelin ETA/B receptor antagonist TAK-044 decreases peripheral vascular resistance and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure; increases circulating endothelin concentrations; and blocks forearm vasoconstriction to exogenous endothelin-1. These results suggest that endogenous generation of endothelin-1 plays a fund... | yes |
8,636,749 | Does etoposide achieve potentially cytotoxic concentrations in CSF of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Although epipodophyllotoxins are commonly used in contemporary treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), their potential role in CNS-directed therapy has received little attention. We prospectively studied 20 children during initial remission of ALL and 16 children at relapse to ... | Because etoposide concentrations as low as 10 nmol/L may be cytotoxic in vitro, prolonged daily oral low-dose (50 mg/m2) or conventional i.v. doses of etoposide may contribute to successful CNS-directed therapy in children with ALL. | yes |
8,624,864 | Does extent of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein determine the degree of cytotoxicity to human coronary artery cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether the extent of LDL oxidation influences its cytotoxic effects, thus contributing to its atherogenic potential.",
"The effects of native and modified LDL on cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (ECs) were investigated.",
"Four indi... | The extent of oxidation of LDL determined its cytotoxicity to coronary artery cells. Native LDL had no cytotoxic effect. In contrast, oxLDL and to a lesser extent mmLDL caused cytotoxicity at concentrations to which cells in vivo might be exposed. This may contribute to the atherogenicity of modified LDL by enhancing c... | yes |
8,612,836 | Is cA-125 elevated in viable pregnancies destined to be miscarried : a prospective longitudinal study? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the predictive value of E2, hCG, CA-125, and morphometric parameters in early pregnancies with demonstrable fetal heartbeat, complicated by bleeding.",
"Prospective longitudinal follow-up.",
"The emergency service of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \"Rebecca Sieff\"... | CA-125 may serve as an accurate predictor of the outcome in early pregnancies with demonstrable fetal heartbeat, which are complicated by bleeding. | yes |
8,629,648 | Does intensity of murmurs correlate with severity of valvular regurgitation? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship between the intensity of murmurs and severity of mitral and aortic regurgitation.",
"Consecutive patients with chronic isolated aortic (n = 40) or mitral (n = 170) regurgitation undergoing echocardiographic quantitation of regurgitation between 1990 and 1991 were ... | Murmur intensity correlates well with the degree of chronic organic aortic and mitral regurgitation, and can be used as a predictor of regurgitation severity and as a simple guideline for diagnostic testing in these patients. | yes |
8,632,289 | Does hypertonic saline improve brain resuscitation in a pediatric model of head injury and hemorrhagic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Brain injury accompanied by hypovolemic shock is a frequent cause of death in multiply injured children. Hypertonic saline (HTS) has been shown to return hemodynamics to normal in adult models, without increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) as seen with crystalloids. To assess fluid resuscitation... | In our model of head injury and shock, resuscitation with either HTS or LR restored MAP and CO to control levels. However, during shock, the injured brain was severely deoxygenated, and administration of HTS restored cerebral oxygenation whereas LR did not, reflecting improved cerebral resuscitation by HTS without elev... | yes |
8,633,941 | Is reactivity to alpha agonists heightened in immature porcine pulmonary arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass is a common problem in pediatric cardiac operations. This study tested the hypothesis that there is a difference between adult and immature pulmonary artery constrictor and dilator responses.",
"Reactivity of pulmonary artery ring segments f... | These data may explain perioperative pulmonary vasoconstriction in pediatric patients. | yes |
8,615,629 | Is tumorigenic behaviour of c-Ha-ras oncogene transfected CaCo 2 cells associated with increased proteolytic potency? | {
"contexts": [
"Point mutations within the family of the ras genes are detected in approximately 50% of human colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Therefore, it is generally accepted that the occurrence of ras-point mutations constitute an important step in colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, many studies hav... | These data demonstrate that the highly increased tumorigenic capacity of c Ha-ras oncogene-transfected CaCo 2 cells is associated with an enchanced proteolytic capacity. | yes |
8,622,074 | Is five-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with prolonged neutropenia after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain dose-intensity? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the safety and efficacy of a short course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to maintain dose-intensity of subsequent cycles of chemotherapy after a prior episode of prolonged neutropenia, without febrile complications, in patients receiving adjuvant treatment for breast ... | A 5-day course of G-CSF in patients with prior chemotherapy delays due to prolonged neutropenia seems to be a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain CMF or doxorubicin-CMF dose-intensity in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. | yes |
8,622,078 | Does p53 and bcl-2 expression correlate with clinical outcome in a series of node-positive breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The tumor-suppressor gene TP53 and the proto-oncogene bcl-2 encode, respectively, for a nuclear phosphoprotein and for a mitochondrial protein involved in multiple cellular functions. The proteins provide prognostic information in node-negative breast cancer and are supposed to influence treatmen... | p53 expression appears to be indicative of clinical outcome in postmenopausal patients treated with tamoxifen. Whether p53 overexpression and weak bcl-2 expression are indicators of biologic aggressiveness, regardless of treatment, or of hormone resistance remains to be defined. | yes |
8,624,013 | Do volatile anesthetics selectively inhibit the Ca ( 2+ ) -transporting ATPase in neuronal and erythrocyte plasma membranes? | {
"contexts": [
"The activity of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (PMCA) is inhibited by volatile anesthetics at clinical concentrations. The goal of the current study was to determine whether the inhibition is selective as compared to other adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) and ... | The findings demonstrate analogous response of the PMCA of neuronal and erythrocyte cells to two groups of general anesthetics. The PMCA activity is selectively inhibited by volatile anesthetics at their clinical concentrations. The enzyme in vivo may then be a pharmacologic target for volatile anesthetics but not for ... | yes |
8,623,823 | Is endothelial cell proliferation suppressed by plasma but not serum from women with preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence has been sought for a circulating factor derived from the placenta that suppresses endothelial cell proliferation and hence contributes to the maternal endothelial cell disturbances of preeclampsia.",
"The effects of sera and plasmas from women with proteinuric preeclampsia and from ... | These results confirm that there is a blood-borne endothelial cell suppressive factor in preeclampsia that may be derived from the placenta. | yes |
8,633,574 | Does prostaglandin E2 content in residual gastric juice reflect endoscopic damage to the gastric mucosa after naproxen sodium administration? | {
"contexts": [
"The diagnostic potential of residual gastric juice for development of naproxen sodium-induced mucosal damage has not been explored. We studied prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content in residual gastric juice before and after naproxen sodium administration and assessed relationships with endoscopic mucos... | PGE2 measurement in residual gastric juice, aspirated before and after nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment, may be useful in monitoring mucosal damage and may identify patients who are likely to develop endoscopic mucosal changes. | yes |
8,625,246 | Is microvessel density a prognostic indicator for patients with astroglial brain tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"Microvessel density in tumors, a measure of angiogenesis, has been shown to be a prognostic indicator that correlates with an increased risk of metastasis in various epithelial cancers and with overall and relapse free survival in patients with breast cancer. Astrocytic brain tumors, particularly... | These findings support the importance of microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of postoperative survival of patients with astroglial brain tumors. Regional tumor heterogeneity may limit the use of these techniques for routine pathologic examination. | yes |
8,616,925 | Does rapid ventricular pacing produce myocardial protection by nonischemic activation of KATP+ channels? | {
"contexts": [
"Rapid ventricular pacing reduces the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during a subsequent sustained period of ischemia and reperfusion. We investigated whether rapid ventricular pacing also limits myocardial infarction and determined the role of KATP+ channels in the protection afforded by ve... | Rapid ventricular pacing protects the myocardium against infarction via nonischemic KATP+ channel activation. Continued activation of KATP+ channels does not appear mandatory for the protection that is still present 15 minutes after cessation of pacing. | yes |
8,616,926 | Does basic fibroblast growth factor restore endothelium-dependent responses after balloon injury of rabbit arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"After experimental angioplasty, partial or complete reendothelialization of the denuded surface occurs; the function of the regenerated endothelium has, however, been shown to be abnormal. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic for endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. We investigat... | Systemic administration of bFGF restores, in large part, the responses of previously denuded arterial segments to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. Angiogenic growth factors may help to reestablish normal endothelial cell function in patients who have undergone angioplasty. | yes |
8,625,105 | Does overexpression or mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene occur in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"The p53 tumor suppressor gene has been well studied in epithelial ovarian cancers. However, little is known of the expression of this gene in ovarian germ cell tumors. The authors attempted to investigate whether p53 alterations occurred in this group of tumors.",
"Twenty-two patients with ma... | Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene may not be associated with the pathogenesis of ovarian germ cell tumors. Instead, genetic changes such as inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of some protooncogenes need to be studied to determine the genetic mechanisms of the tumor development. | no |
8,623,789 | Is nitric oxide involved in flow-induced dilation of isolated human small fetoplacental arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the dilation that occurs in response to increments of intraluminal flow in isolated human small fetoplacental arteries and to investigate the role played by nitric oxide.",
"Small fetoplacental arteries (mean luminal diameter 482 +/- 31 micrometers, n = ... | The data substantiate previous indirect studies suggesting that nitric oxide plays a role in the fetoplacental circulation. Flow-induced nitric oxide release in the stem villous arteries may make an important contribution to maintenance of this low-resistance circulation. | yes |
8,627,851 | Does cellular proliferative fraction of metastatic lymph nodes predict survival in stage D1 ( TxN+M0 ) prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the ability of tumor cellular proliferative fraction to predict long-term survival among patients with lymphatic metastases from prostate cancer.",
"We studied 50 patients with stage D1 (TxN+M0) prostate cancer who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and 125iodine seed implantation b... | Cellular proliferative fraction of lymphatic metastases is useful to predict survival in patients with stage D1 prostatic carcinoma. Proliferative fraction may be useful as a marker of progression among patients with other stages of disease. | yes |
8,627,850 | Is black race an adverse prognostic factor for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care setting? | {
"contexts": [
"We determined if black men with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate have the same recurrence-free outcome following radical prostatectomy, and whether they have similar preoperative, operative and pathological characteristics as white men in an equal access health care environment... | The poorer recurrence-free outcome for black patients even after multivariate adjustment suggests a potentially more aggressive variant of prostate cancer in this population, the etiology of which is unknown. Race should be a stratification factor in clinical trials, especially those including radical prostatectomy and... | yes |
8,627,854 | Are p53 immunohistochemical and genetic alterations associated at high incidence with post-irradiated locally persistent prostate carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Several reports have shown that cells with p53 mutations display increased resistance to ionizing radiation, a treatment often used clinically for localized prostate carcinoma.",
"Totals of 18 post-irradiated locally recurrent prostatic carcinoma specimens and 25 (no radiation) stage D1 node-... | p53 Alteration in localized prostatic carcinoma is uncommon. Our study confirms others in that even aggressive locally advanced nonirradiated primaries (stage TxN+MO) contain only 20% incidence of p53 alterations. However, our study demonstrates that p53 alterations are found in the preponderant majority of post-radiat... | yes |
8,629,252 | Does tirilazad protect rat brain from brachytherapy-induced injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute and chronic brain injury are common sequelae of high-dose focused radiation, as in radiosurgery and brachytherapy. Development of protectors of radiation injury, which would work in brain but not in tumor, would help enhance the therapeutic ratio of focused-radiation therapy.",
"Radiati... | In the present model, Tirilazad failed to reduce the volume of radiation brain injury from brachytherapy as seen on MRI, studied acutely in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing animals and also at 3 months in non-tumor-bearing rats. | no |
8,638,850 | Do pontine cholinergic mechanisms modulate the cortical electroencephalographic spindles of halothane anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Halothane anesthesia causes spindles in the electroencephalogram (EEG), but the cellular and molecular mechanisms generating these spindles remain incompletely understood. The current study tested the hypothesis that halothane-induced EEG spindles are regulated, in part, by pontine cholinergic me... | Laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental neurons, which provide cholinergic input to the mPRF, play a causal role in generating the EEG spindles of halothane anesthesia. | yes |
8,639,724 | Is prognosis in posttraumatic acute renal failure adversely influenced by hypotension and hyperkalaemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To see if it is possible to predict mortality in isolated post-traumatic acute renal failure.",
"Retrospective study 1984-1990 inclusive.",
"Teaching hospital, South Africa.",
"Thirty-nine patients who developed isolated post-traumatic acute renal failure out of 106526 admissions for ... | Clinicians should be aware of the risks of hypotension and hyperkalaemia in injured patients. Preventive measures such as aggressive resuscitation and timely correction of serum electrolyte concentrations are essential in such patients. | yes |
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