pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,247,484 | Do signaling cascades modulate the speed of signal propagation through space? | {
"contexts": [
"Cells are not mixed bags of signaling molecules. As a consequence, signals must travel from their origin to distal locations. Much is understood about the purely diffusive propagation of signals through space. Many signals, however, propagate via signaling cascades. Here, we show that, depending ... | Signal speed modulation may be a fundamental function of cascades, affecting the ability of signals to penetrate within a cell, to cross-react with other signals, and to activate distant targets. In particular, enhanced speeds provide a way to increase signal penetration into a cell without needing to flood the cell wi... | yes |
19,270,796 | Are folate deficiency , hyperhomocysteinemia , low urinary creatinine , and hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA risk factors for arsenic-induced skin lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Arsenic methylation relies on folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism and facilitates urinary As elimination. Clinical manifestations of As toxicity vary considerably among individuals and populations, and poor methylation capacity is thought to confer greater susceptibility.",
"After determin... | These results suggest that folate deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and low urinary creatinine, each associated with decreased As methylation, are risk factors for As-induced skin lesions. The increased DNA methylation associated with As exposure previously observed, and confirmed among controls in this study, may be a... | yes |
19,270,793 | Does rDX induce aberrant expression of microRNAs in mouse brain and liver? | {
"contexts": [
"Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play an important role in many biological and metabolic processes, their functions in animal response to environmental toxicant exposure are largely unknown.",
"We used hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a common environmental contami... | Environmental toxicant exposure alters the expression of a suite of miRNAs. | yes |
19,251,209 | Does type of SCN5A mutation determine clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss-of-function sodium channelopathies? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients carrying loss-of-function SCN5A mutations linked to Brugada syndrome (BrS) or progressive cardiac conduction disease (PCCD) are at risk of sudden cardiac death at a young age. The penetrance and expressivity of the disease are highly variable, and new tools for risk stratification are ne... | In loss-of-function SCN5A channelopathies, patients carrying T and M(inactive) mutations develop a more severe phenotype than those with M(active) mutations. This is associated with more severe conduction disorders. This is the first time that genetic data are proposed for risk stratification in BrS. | yes |
19,254,588 | Does docosahexaenoic acid pretreatment confer neuroprotection in a rat model of perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that pretreatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a potentially neuroprotective polyunsaturated fatty acid, would improve function and reduce brain damage in a rat model of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.",
"Seven-day-old rats were divided into 3 treatment groups that received in... | DHA pretreatment improves functional outcome and reduces volume loss after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats. | yes |
19,260,950 | Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce discrete diastolic dysfunction in patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid hormone has important effects on the cardiovascular system. The consequences of episodes of acute hypothyroidism on cardiac function have been investigated in only a few studies, and their results are inconclusive. Our objective was to investigate the effects of acute hypothyroidism on ca... | Subclinical hyperthyroidism is accompanied by diastolic dysfunction. Subsequent acute hypothyroidism induces only subtle changes in diastolic function. | yes |
19,260,951 | Does resveratrol inhibit fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in rat hepatocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The putative role of resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and other plants, in modulating dislypidemia, thus preventing cardiovascular diseases, is generally based on proliferating cell lines and in vivo studies in different pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to inve... | Results here reported show that in isolated hepatocytes from normal rats a resveratrol-induced short-term inhibition of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis occurs. This finding may represent a potential mechanism contributing to the reported hypolipidemic effect of resveratrol. | yes |
19,246,915 | Is age in high-functioning healthy men associated with nonlinear decline in some 'executive ' functions in late middle age? | {
"contexts": [
"Age-related cognitive decline might involve selective deterioration of specific brain systems. We studied the relationship between age and cognition by comparing cognitive function of older and younger high functioning men.",
"A cross-sectional study comparing neuropsychological test battery ... | The nonlinear change in late middle age is consistent with the hypothesis that an age-related selective diatheses impacts selectively on executive function. | yes |
19,272,069 | Is postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin bridging associated with an increase in wound hematoma following surgery for pacemakers and implantable defibrillators? | {
"contexts": [
"The perioperative management of patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) who undergo pacemaker (PM) and defibrillator (ICD) surgery remains controversial. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is often used; however, wound hematoma is a common complication.",
"At a single academic ... | Elimination of postoperative LMWH was associated with a substantial reduction in hematoma rates following PM and ICD surgery. | yes |
19,257,900 | Does aCE inhibition attenuate uremia-induced aortic valve thickening in a novel mouse model? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined whether impaired renal function causes thickening of the aortic valve leaflets in hyperlipidemic apoE-knockout (apoE-/-) mice, and whether the putative effect on the aortic valves could be prevented by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with enalapril.",
"Thickenin... | Moderate uremia causes thickening of the aortic valves in apoE-/- mice, which can be attenuated by ACE inhibition. The nephrectomized apoE-/- mouse constitutes a new model for investigating the mechanisms of uremia-induced aortic valve disease, and also provides an opportunity to study its pharmacologic prevention. | yes |
19,262,435 | Do successful outcome of pars plana vitreous surgery in chronic hypotony due to uveitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To report outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with chronic hypotony due to uveitis.",
"Assessment of ciliary body was done preoperatively by ultrasound biomicroscopy and intraoperatively by direct visualization. Surgical procedure included pars plana or limbal lensectomy and vitrecto... | In eyes with normal ciliary processes, removal of ciliary membranes alone was sufficient to restore IOP. However, if ciliary atrophy was present, IOP was restored only in those eyes that received silicone oil tamponade. | yes |
19,260,039 | Does citicoline affect appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) has a variety of cognitive enhancing, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative properties. In cocaine-addicted individuals, citicoline has been shown to increase brain dopamine levels and reduce cravings. The effects of this compound on appetite, food cravi... | These preliminary findings suggest a potential usefulness of citicoline in modulating appetite, but further research is warranted. | yes |
19,255,929 | Are coeliac disease-specific tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies associated with osteoporosis and related fractures in middle-aged women? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether the serological marker for coeliac disease, tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGAb), is associated with decreased bone mass density (BMD) and increased frequency of fractures in middle-aged women screened for osteoporosis.",
"The study comprised 6480 women (mean ag... | High levels of tTGAb indicating coeliac disease are associated with lower BMD and higher fracture frequency in women between 50 and 64 years of age. Osteometry is therefore warranted in middle-aged women detected with tTGAb. | yes |
19,253,237 | Does adjunctive use of tafluprost with timolol provide additive effects for reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated the efficacy and safety of tafluprost as an adjunctive therapy to timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, uncontrolled by timolol monotherapy.",
"This was a randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, multinational and multicenter 12-week ph... | As adjunctive therapy to timolol, tafluprost achieved a consistently greater reduction in IOP compared with vehicle, and was well tolerated. | yes |
19,270,762 | Are acute effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on attentional control related to antidepressant outcomes? | {
"contexts": [
"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a new treatment procedure that holds promise of more insight into the pathophysiology of depression because the DLPFC may play an important role in the interplay between emotional and at... | Our results should be interpreted as preliminary because our sample was small and because the cognitive task we used has not been tested for validity and reliability. In addition, despite minimal stimulation of the DLPFC during sham stimulation, it is possible that the stimulation was partially active. Finally, benzodi... | yes |
19,247,180 | Is beta-catenin expression altered in dysplastic and nondysplastic aberrant crypt foci of human colon? | {
"contexts": [
"Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colon are possible precursors of adenoma and cancer. beta-catenin alterations are early events in human colorectal carcinogenesis. beta-catenin expression is altered in colorectal cancer, adenoma, and ACF with dysplasia. Here, we describe the expression of beta-ca... | Both dysplastic and nondysplastic ACF have altered beta-catenin expression and play a role in colon tumorigenesis. | yes |
19,246,936 | Are 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulated during the pulmonary granulomatous response to the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis has a staggering influence on world health, resulting in nearly 2 million deaths per year. The influence of glucocorticoids during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been under investigation for decades; however, the identity of mycobacterial factors and the mechanism by which ... | IL-6, IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha mRNA and protein peaked during the initiation of granuloma formation. Pulmonary corticosterone levels were elevated when the proinflammatory response was greatest, dropping to half of that upon the establishment of granuloma pathology on day 7. It is hypothesized that once corticosterone r... | yes |
19,264,439 | Does naloxone combined with epinephrine decrease cerebral injury in cardiopulmonary resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiopulmonary arrest is a serious disease that claims many lives every day; 30% of the patients suffer irreversible central nervous system injury after restoration of systemic circulation (ROSC).",
"Naloxone combined with epinephrine was tested in a cardiac arrest rat model in which asphyxi... | Naloxone combined with epinephrine significantly increased the resuscitation rate in a rat model. Furthermore, the combination of naloxone and epinephrine increased the NDS after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | yes |
19,268,900 | Do four-year clinical update from the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite brachytherapy trial? | {
"contexts": [
"We present a 4-year update on the efficacy, cosmetic results, and complications of MammoSite breast brachytherapy in patients enrolled in the American Society of Breast Surgeons registry trial.",
"A total of 1,449 breasts in 1,440 patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing breast-cons... | Locoregional control, complications, and cosmetic outcomes from MammoSite APBI at the 4-year update are acceptable and similar to results seen with other forms of APBI. | yes |
19,272,155 | Does t-cell metagene predict a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) is often seen in breast cancer but its importance remains controversial. A positive correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification and LI has been described, which was associated with a more favorable outcome. However, specific lymphocyte... | Precise definitions of the specific subtypes of immune cells in the tumor can be accomplished from microarray data. These surrogate markers define subgroups of tumors with different prognosis. Importantly, all known prognostic gene signatures uniformly assign poor prognosis to all ER-negative tumors. In contrast, the L... | yes |
19,272,152 | Are iL6 and CRP haplotypes associated with COPD risk and systemic inflammation : a case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen (FG) have been repeatedly associated with many adverse outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, it remains unclear whether and to what extent systemic inflammation is... | Our findings suggest that common genetic variation in CRP and IL6 genes may contribute to heterogeneity of COPD population associated with systemic inflammation. | yes |
19,276,258 | Does nY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine induce T-cell responses that are suppressed by regulatory T cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Different vaccination strategies against the NY-ESO-1 antigen have been employed in an attempt to induce antitumor immune responses. Antigen-specific effector T-cell responses have been reported in a subset of vaccinated patients; however, these responses have not consistently correlated with dis... | Regulatory T cells play a role in diminishing vaccine-induced antigen-specific effector T-cell responses in cancer patients. The NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine represents a feasible immunotherapeutic strategy to induce antigen-specific T-cell responses. Counteracting regulatory T-cell activity before vaccination may lead to prol... | yes |
19,255,341 | Does diagnostic ultrasound combined with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-targeted microbubbles improve microvascular recovery after acute coronary thrombotic occlusions? | {
"contexts": [
"The high mechanical index (MI) impulses from a diagnostic ultrasound transducer may be a method of recanalizing acutely thrombosed vessels if the impulses are applied only when microbubbles are channeling through the thrombus.",
"In 45 pigs with acute left anterior descending thrombotic occlu... | Intravenous platelet-targeted microbubbles combined with brief high-MI diagnostic ultrasound impulses guided by contrast pulse sequencing improve both epicardial recanalization rates and microvascular recovery. | yes |
19,277,698 | Does absence of circulating aldosterone attenuate foreign body reaction around surgical sutures? | {
"contexts": [
"Adrenal hormones influence inflammatory and fibrotic activity and thereby are involved in wound-healing process. Any excess as well as any shortage of glucocorticoids leads to a delayed wound healing. Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone have a pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory impact; thus, reduc... | The absence of circulating aldosterone attenuates inflammatory intensity around suture material. Foreign body granuloma seems to be an appropriate model to study chronic inflammatory process. | yes |
19,267,908 | Does matrix metalloproteinase-7 facilitate immune access to the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Metalloproteinase inhibitors can protect mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated, but it is not clear if other MMPs are also involved, including matrilysin/MMP-7 - an enzyme c... | Our findings suggest that MMP-7 may facilitate immune cell access or re-stimulation in perivascular areas, which are critical events in EAE and multiple sclerosis, and provide a new therapeutic target to treat this disorder. | yes |
19,272,768 | Is the transcription factor Sox11 a prognostic factor for improved recurrence-free survival in epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Current prognostic molecular markers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are insufficient. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of Sox11 in EOC.",
"Using an in silico transcriptomic screen, Sox11 was identified as a potential EOC biomarker. Sox11 protein expression was eva... | These data suggest that Sox11 is a new prognostic marker in EOC. Loss of Sox11 is associated with a decreased RFS and a more aggressive phenotype. | yes |
19,268,686 | Does tetrodotoxin reduce cue-induced drug craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts? | {
"contexts": [
"Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. New clinical studies suggest that low-dose TTX can safely relieve severe, treatment-resistant cancer pain. The therapeutic potential of TTX in addiction is supported by studies in laboratory animals. The purpose of ... | The results suggest that low-dose TTX is acutely effective in reducing cue-induced increases in heroin craving and associated anxiety. | yes |
19,250,080 | Does diabetes affect ventricular repolarization and sudden cardiac death risk in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"We studied the effects of diabetes on ventricular repolarization parameters and sudden cardiac death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).",
"We enrolled 132 consecutive patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure functional classes II or III and left ventricular ejec... | Diabetes appears to increase the risk of heart failure in patients with DCM without affecting ventricular repolarization parameters and sudden cardiac death risk. | no |
19,268,722 | Is missense single nucleotide polymorphism of the ADAM12 gene associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged Estonian cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the recognized candidate genes of osteoarthritis (OA) is the ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (meltrin alpha) gene. We investigated the potential role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the ADAM12 gene in susceptibility to radiographic knee OA and its progression in an Estonian... | We conclude that rs3740199 polymorphism may affect occurrence of knee OA and its progression. We also hypothesize that the genetic contribution of ADAM12 to OA is remarkably gender-dependent and anatomical site-specific. | yes |
19,249,188 | Are rigid sigmoidoscopy and MRI interchangeable in determining the position of rectal cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"1) To analyse for interchangeability of rigid sigmoidoscopy and MRI in determining the distance from anus to tumour, and to determine if anterior/posterior location influences this difference. 2) To analyse the effect of preoperative chemo-radiotherapy on the distance from anus to tumour.",
"... | 1) MRI and sigmoidoscopy are not interchangeable in determining the distance from anus to tumour simply by correcting for the length of the anal canal. It has not been determined if measurements from MRI or sigmoidoscopy are more accurate, but current evidence concerning the effect of neoadjuvant irradiation at differe... | no |
19,251,191 | Does apolipoprotein E modify neurological outcome by affecting cerebral edema but not hematoma size after intracerebral hemorrhage in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"To address the mechanisms by which apoE polymorphism affects functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in humans, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of the APOE4 allele results in amplified inflammatory responses and increased cerebral edema.",
"We prospectively enrolled and c... | The presence of APOE4 is associated with poor functional outcomes in humans after intracerebral hemorrhage. Our data suggest that the mechanism for this may be increased cerebral edema and not larger hematoma volume. | yes |
19,265,688 | Is epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms , R497K , but not ( CA ) n repeat , associated with dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recently implicated in pathological tissue remodelling and sustained remodelling processes can lead to pathological outcomes, such as cardiac hypertrophy in heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of heart muscle disease... | This study suggests that the R497K polymorphism may be associated with DCM in a Chinese population. | yes |
19,265,332 | Do effects of multipurpose contact-lens care solutions on adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to corneal epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) to human corneal epithelial cells treated with multipurpose contact-lens care solutions (MPSs).",
"SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (svHCET cells) were cultured on collagen-coated culture slides for 7 days. The svHCET cells ... | Taken together, these results support the possibility that chronic use of MPS containing boric acid (MPS-B and MPS-C) by hydrogel contact lens wearers may lead to increased risk for associated microbial corneal infection with PA. | yes |
19,247,234 | Is cyclosporine A , but not tacrolimus , associated with impaired proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The prevention of graft rejection after liver transplant with cyclosporine A (CyA) and tacrolimus has been associated to decreased bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of increasing concentrations of CyA and tacrolimus on human osteoblasts.",
"Hu... | Our results showed that CyA reduced, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, the number of metabolically active cells via a decrease in proliferation and an increase in cell death, and induced impairment of osteoblast differentiation. These negative effects of CyA on human osteoblast-like cells might contribute ... | yes |
19,266,598 | Does aminoguanidine impede human pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis development in nude mice? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the action of aminoguanidine on pancreatic cancer xenografts in relation to cell proliferation, apoptosis, redox status and vascularization.",
"Xenografts of PANC-1 cells were developed in nude mice. The animals were separated into two groups: control and aminoguanidine treated. Tumo... | The antitumoral action of aminoguanidine is associated with decreased cell proliferation, reduced angiogenesis, and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. | yes |
19,266,599 | Does suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 via RNA interference inhibit pancreatic carcinoma cell invasiveness and adhesion? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene and invasiveness and adhesion of human pancreatic cancer cell line, BxPC-3.",
"RNAi was performed using the vector (pGPU6)-based small interference RNA (siRNA) plasmid gen... | RNAi against MMP-2 successfully inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 in the pancreatic cancer cell line, BxPC-3, leading to a potent suppression of tumor cell adhesion and invasion without affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the RNAi approach towards MMP-2 may be an eff... | yes |
19,269,125 | Does short term result from GHRH analogue use in pre-menopausal breast cancer in Korea? | {
"contexts": [
"Hormone receptor-positive, pre-menopausal breast cancer patients can be treated by chemotherapy and/or ovarian suppression therapy. We reported our experience of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue plus tamoxifen (GnRHa+T) or adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by tamoxifen (AC-->T)... | GnRHa+T treatment can be an alternative treatment option in pre-menopausal women with endocrine-responsive, node-negative, breast cancer patients. The efficacy and tolerability of leuprorelin were similar to that of goserelin. | yes |
19,273,710 | Does dPC4 gene status of the primary carcinoma correlate with patterns of failure in patients with pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Contrary to the extensive data accumulated regarding pancreatic carcinogenesis, the clinical and molecular features characteristic of advanced stage (stage III and IV) disease are unknown. A comprehensive study of pancreatic cancers from patients who have succumbed to their disease has the potent... | Pancreatic cancers are represented by distinct genetic subtypes with significantly different patterns of failure. Determinations of DPC4 status at initial diagnosis may be of value in stratifying patients into treatment regimens related to local control versus systemic therapy. | yes |
19,276,622 | Is the association between inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerosis sex dependent : the Tromsø Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The presence of echolucent artery plaques is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events as compared to echogenic plaques. Whether inflammatory markers are associated with carotid plaque morphology is questioned.",
"5,341 individuals were examined with ultrasonography of the right... | This cross-sectional study showed sex-dependent differences in associations between measures of carotid atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers. CRP did not discriminate echolucent from echogenic carotid plaques in either gender. Our data highlight the importance of sex-specific analyses in future studies. | yes |
19,261,825 | Does cinacalcet lower serum alkaline phosphatase in maintenance hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies suggest an association between elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and increased mortality in hemodialysis patients, but the effect of existing therapies on AP is not fully understood. We assessed the effects of cinacalcet on AP in a secondary analysis of controlled trial data.",
... | In this combined analysis of controlled trials of patients who were receiving hemodialysis, cinacalcet lowered total serum AP. | yes |
19,262,553 | Does ginsenoside Rg1 promote endothelial progenitor cell migration and proliferation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the migration, adhesion, proliferation, and VEGF expression of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).",
"EPCs were isolated from human peripheral blood and incubated with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 micromol... | The results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation, migration, adhesion and in vitro vasculogenesis. | yes |
19,265,027 | Does short-term exercise training stimulate skeletal muscle ATP synthesis in relatives of humans with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise training improves hereditary insulin resistance by stimulating ATP synthesis and investigated associations with gene polymorphisms.",
"We studied 24 nonobese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects at rest an... | The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial func... | no |
19,265,026 | Is adaptive beta-cell proliferation severely restricted with advanced age? | {
"contexts": [
"Regeneration of the insulin-secreting beta-cells is a fundamental research goal that could benefit patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. beta-Cell proliferation can be acutely stimulated by a variety of stimuli in young rodents. However, it is unknown whether this adaptive beta-cell reg... | Adaptive beta-cell proliferation is severely restricted with advanced age in mice, whether stimulated by partial pancreatectomy, low-dose streptozotocin, or exendin-4. Thus, beta-cells in middle-aged mice appear to be largely postmitotic. Young rodents may not faithfully model the regenerative capacity of beta-cells in... | yes |
19,265,029 | Does inferior vena cava ligation rapidly induce tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although stasis is important in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), how it contributes to thrombogenesis is largely unknown. To gain mechanistic insight, we used a rat model of inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation.",
"Rats were subjected to IVC ligation for 15 to 60 minutes. Ligation... | These findings suggest that the rapid development of DVT after IVC ligation reflects a combination of stasis-induced vein wall injury and enhanced TF expression in endothelial cells and leukocytes. Because TF expression occurs so soon after ligation, new synthesis is unlikely. Instead, stasis-induced venous dilatation ... | yes |
19,258,443 | Is ligand-dependent Notch signaling involved in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance in pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Aberrant activation of the Notch signaling pathway is commonly observed in human pancreatic cancer, although the mechanism(s) for this activation has not been elucidated.",
"A panel of 20 human pancreatic cancer cell lines was profiled for the expression of Notch pathway-related ligands, rece... | Our studies confirm that Notch activation is almost always ligand dependent in pancreatic cancer, and inhibition of Notch signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy in this malignancy. | yes |
19,250,778 | Is thyroid stimulating hormone associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in euthyroid postmenopausal women.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2205 Korean postmenopausal women. Subjects who were not euthyroid were excluded. Fast... | We found a close relationship between TSH and MetS in euthyroid postmenopausal women. Therefore, more attention should be focused on postmenopausal women with high normal TSH levels for the management of cardiovascular disease. | yes |
19,264,362 | Does preproNPY Pro7 protect against depression despite exposure to environmental risk factors? | {
"contexts": [
"There is extensive evidence, from both clinical cases and rodent models, for reduced levels of the widely expressed neuropeptide Y (NPY) in anxiety and depressive disorders. The rare allele of the Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide of preproNPY has been associated with higher processing i... | The size of the anxiety sample and possibly some recall bias of childhood conditions. | yes |
19,249,478 | Is c5a inhibitory peptide combined with gabexate mesilate a clinically available candidate for preventing the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction? | {
"contexts": [
"The instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, characterized by activation of both the coagulation and complement cascades, is a serious obstacle to successful islet engraftment. No attractive protocol is clinically available as yet. The objective of the present study was to examine whether co... | These data suggest that C5a inhibitory peptide combined with gabexate mesilate could be an attractive drug candidate without adverse effects to control the detrimental innate immune responses induced in clinical islet transplantation. | yes |
19,247,495 | Does iTAM signaling by Vav family Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulate interstitial transit rates of neutrophils in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"In response to infection, neutrophils are quickly recruited from the blood into inflamed tissues. The interstitial migration of neutrophils is crucial for the efficient capture and control of rapidly proliferating microbes before microbial growth can overwhelm the host's defenses. However, the mo... | Here we show that during neutrophil migration towards sites of bacterial infection, signals emanating from ITAM-containing receptors specifically control interstitial neutrophil velocity. | yes |
19,270,789 | Is association between frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk influenced by genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1? | {
"contexts": [
"The frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals has been associated with cancer risk. It is presently unclear whether this association is influenced by individual susceptibility factors such as genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing e... | Despite the small size of the study groups, our results substantiate the cancer risk predictivity of CA frequency, ruling against a strong modifying effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. | no |
19,270,784 | Does bisphenol A at low nanomolar doses confer chemoresistance in estrogen receptor-alpha-positive and -negative breast cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Resistance to chemotherapy is a major problem facing breast cancer patients, and identifying potential contributors to chemoresistance is a critical area of research. Bisphenol A (BPA) has long been suspected to promote carcinogenesis, but the high doses of BPA used in many studies generated conf... | BPA at environmentally relevant doses reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. These data provide considerable support to the accumulating evidence that BPA is hazardous to human health. | yes |
19,254,833 | Does beta-Carotene promote the development of NNK-induced small airway-derived lung adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"beta-Carotene has shown cancer-preventive effects in preclinical studies while increasing lung cancer mortality in clinical trials. We have shown that beta-carotene stimulates cAMP signalling in vitro. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that beta-carotene promotes the development of pulmonary ad... | Our data suggest that beta-carotene promotes the development of PAC via increased cAMP signalling. | yes |
19,246,707 | Is excessive daytime sleepiness an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly : the three city study? | {
"contexts": [
"Excessive daytime sleepiness, one of the most frequent sleep complaints in the elderly, may affect survival, but inconsistent results have been observed in that population so far. We therefore estimated the risk of mortality for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in community-dwelling elderly par... | EDS might be independently associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly. | yes |
19,262,391 | Does hydrochloric acid aspiration increase right ventricular systolic pressure in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary aspiration of gastric acid is a serious complication during anaesthesia and may cause aspiration pneumonitis and adult respiratory distress syndrome. The development of pulmonary hypertension may aggravate the initial course of the aspiration pneumonitis. The authors hypothesized that a... | Acid aspiration induces a significant increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and endothelin levels, and causes metabolic acidosis in this animal model. | yes |
19,257,910 | Does transgenic up-regulation of alpha-CaMKII in forebrain lead to increased anxiety-like behaviors and aggression? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have demonstrated essential roles for alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) in learning, memory and long-term potentiation (LTP). However, previous studies have also shown that alpha-CaMKII (+/-) heterozygous knockout mice display a dramatic decrease... | Up-regulation of alpha-CaMKII expression in the forebrain leads to an increase in anxiety-like behaviors and offensive aggression. From the comparisons with previous findings, we suggest that the expression levels of alpha-CaMKII are associated with the state of emotion; the expression level of alpha-CaMKII positively ... | yes |
19,257,919 | Is helicobacter pylori associated with anaemia in Latin America : results from Argentina , Brazil , Bolivia , Cuba , Mexico and Venezuela? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and anaemia.",
"Six cross-sectional studies. H. pylori infection was assessed by the [13C]urea breath test using MS or IR analysis. Hb was measured for all countries. Ferritin and transferrin receptors were measured for Arge... | The present study showed no evidence to support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to anaemia in children, adolescents, adults or pregnant women in six Latin American countries. | no |
19,274,461 | Does perturbation of DNA repair pathways by proteasome inhibitors correspond to enhanced chemosensitivity of cells to DNA damage-inducing agents? | {
"contexts": [
"Breast cancer treatment often employs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), such as that induced by irradiation or anticancer agents. Ubiquitination is required at the site of DNA damage and plays a crucial role in the DSB repair pathway. We investigated the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the path... | The synergistic effect of proteasome inhibitors in combination with DNA damage-inducing agents warrants further investigating into its effectiveness in the treatment of breast cancer. | yes |
19,262,426 | Does deletion of the mouse Fmo1 gene result in enhanced pharmacological behavioural responses to imipramine? | {
"contexts": [
"Many drugs are the subject of multipathway oxidative metabolism catalyzed by one or more cytochromes P450 or flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). This complicates assessment of the role of individual enzymes in metabolizing the drug and, hence, in understanding its pharmacogenetics. To define... | The absence of FMO1-mediated N-oxidation of imipramine results in enhanced central nervous system effects of the drug. The results provide insights into the metabolism of imipramine in the brain and may explain the basis of the adverse reactions to the drug seen in some patients. The knockout mouse line will provide a ... | yes |
19,247,841 | Is the need for epidural analgesia related to birthweight - a population-based register study? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relation between use of epidural analgesia (EDA) and maternal and fetal characteristics.",
"Population-based register study.",
"Nationwide study in Sweden.",
"All 106,775 primiparous women who in 2002-2005 delivered a singleton infant vaginally at term.",
"Regis... | The woman's need for EDA is strongly related to birthweight. Prolonged duration of labor and instrumental delivery usually ascribed to EDA may be due to large infants. | yes |
19,272,388 | Is death receptor 5 internalization required for lysosomal permeabilization by TRAIL in malignant liver cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is mediated by lysosomal permeabilization. Our aims were to determine which TRAIL receptor, death receptor (DR) 4 or DR5, mediates lysosomal permeabilization and assess whether receptor ... | TRAIL-mediated endocytosis of DR5 with trafficking to lysosomes contributes to lysosomal protease release into the cytosol and efficient apoptosis in malignant liver cell lines. | yes |
19,246,214 | Do two-lung high-frequency jet ventilation as an alternative ventilation technique during transthoracic esophagectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate two-lung high-frequency jet ventilation during esophagectomy and evaluate the influence of high-frequency jet ventilation on pulmonary complications as compared with one-lung ventilation.",
"A retrospective study.",
"A single-center study in a univers... | High-frequency jet ventilation to 2 lungs, using a single-lumen tube, is a safe and adequate ventilation technique for use during esophagectomy. High-frequency jet ventilation had no influence on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications but reduced perioperative blood loss and led to a decreased need for ... | yes |
19,253,185 | Is in-stent coronary restenosis , but not the type of stent , associated with impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation? | {
"contexts": [
"Precise mechanisms leading to restenosis are not fully understood. The type of implanted stent and the intensity of atherogenic processes may affects the restenosis rate.",
"To compare the long-term effects of the coronary stent implantation - paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) or bare-metal sten... | The type of stent implanted into LAD does not affect the FMD, PDGF and ADMA serum levels assessed one-year after a PCI procedure. The occurrence of an early in-stent restenosis is associated with impaired FMD at the time of one-year follow-up. | yes |
19,255,833 | Is remote postconditioning more potent than classic postconditioning in reducing the infarct size in anesthetized rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"Postconditioning confers protection to the heart after a potentially lethal episode of prolonged ischemia. There is evidence that it may also be protective when applied at a distal artery. In the present study, we sought to determine whether remote postconditioning within the heart (local) or out... | Remote postconditioning consisted of 1 min isc/1 min rep protects the ischemic rabbit heart in vivo, independently of the site of the remote artery. This intervention seems to confer a stronger protection than the classic postconditioning. | yes |
19,249,944 | Does continuous infusion of pantoprazole with octreotide improve management of variceal hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effect of a prolonged continuous infusion of pantoprazole on patient outcomes when the drug was combined with standard octreotide therapy in patients with variceal hemorrhage.",
"Retrospective cohort study.",
"Large academic hospital. Patients. One hundred thirty adults who ... | Prolonged continuous infusions of pantoprazole with octreotide seemed to offer no additional benefit compared with octreotide plus short-term infusions of pantoprazole or intermittent acid suppression in the management of acute variceal hemorrhage. Prospective studies should be conducted to evaluate the role of continu... | no |
19,262,748 | Does glutamine deprivation induce abortive s-phase rescued by deoxyribonucleotides in k-ras transformed fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Oncogene activation plays a role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. We have previously shown that K-ras transformed fibroblasts have a stronger dependence on glycolysis and a reduced oxidative phosphorylation ability as compared to their normal counterparts. Another metabolic adaptation ... | Our results suggest that the differential effects of glutamine and glucose on cell viability are not a property of the transformed phenotype per se, but rather depend on the specific pathway being activated in transformation. For instance, myc-overexpressing cells have been reported to die under glutamine depletion and... | yes |
19,272,068 | Do multiple shocks affect thoracic electrical impedance during external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"Thoracic impedance (TI) influences the success of external cardioversion (ECV) or defibrillation because current intensity traversing the heart is inversely related to TI. Experimental data suggest that TI decreases after multiple shocks. We undertook a clinical study to determine changes of TI v... | TI decreases significantly after multiple shocks, possibly by activation of acute inflammation. | yes |
19,246,968 | Does tamoxifen inhibit transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression in human breast carcinoma samples treated with triiodothyronine? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and tamoxifen (TAM) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha gene expression in primary breast cancer cell cultures and interactions between the different treatments.",
"Patients included in the study (no.=12) had been n... | We demonstrate that TGF-alpha mRNA expression is more efficiently upregulated by T3 than E2. Concomitant treatment with TAM had a mitigating effect on the T3 effect, while E2 induced TGF-alpha upregulation. Our findings show some similarities between primary culture and breast cancer cell lines, but also some important... | yes |
19,248,136 | Does perception of improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis vary with disease activity levels at baseline? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the minimum clinically important improvement (MCII) of disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using patient-derived anchors, and to assess whether criteria for improvement differ with baseline disease activity.",
"We used data from a Norwegian observational database... | The perception of improvement of disease activity of patients with RA is considerably different depending on the disease activity level at which they start. | yes |
19,269,858 | Are higher levels of physical activity associated with a lower risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated and compared diets and physical activity levels of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), and we identified clinical risk factors for AGT.",
"This study was cross-sectional and observational.",
"This stu... | A higher amount of PA is associated with a lower risk of AGT in RTRs (particularly in females). An emphasis on increasing PA should be encouraged for all RTRs. | yes |
19,249,051 | Does s-homocysteinylated LDL apolipoprotein B adversely affect human endothelial cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"In recent years elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been widely recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a connection between hyperhomocysteinemia and lipid metabolism has been suggested to have a possible role in endothelial vascular damage as lipoprotein fractions ... | Although the mechanism by which Hcy-S-LDL elicits the current cellular effects needs further investigation, our data suggest that intracellular ROS production induced by Hcy-S-LDL might be responsible for the observed HECs damage and indicate that Hcy-S-LDL may have some role in CVD. | yes |
19,251,003 | Does narrow-band imaging magnification predict the histology and invasion depth of colorectal tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"There are several reports concerning the differential diagnosis of non-neoplastic and neoplastic colorectal lesions by narrow-band imaging (NBI). However, there are only a few NBI articles that assessed invasion depth.",
"To determine the clinical usefulness of NBI magnification for evaluatin... | NBI magnification findings of colorectal lesions were associated with histologic grade and invasion depth. | yes |
19,254,372 | Does peripheral nerve injury sensitize neonatal dorsal horn neurons to tumor necrosis factor-alpha? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about whether peripheral nerve injury during the early postnatal period modulates synaptic efficacy in the immature superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord, or whether the neonatal SDH network is sensitive to the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha under neuropathic conditi... | Developing SDH neurons become susceptible to regulation by TNFalpha following peripheral nerve injury in the neonate. This may include both a greater efficacy of glutamatergic synapses as well as an increase in the intrinsic excitability of immature dorsal horn neurons. However, neonatal sciatic nerve damage alone did ... | yes |
19,268,899 | Do rectal cancer patients benefit from implementation of a dedicated colorectal cancer center in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center? | {
"contexts": [
"A dedicated colorectal cancer (CRC) center was created in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center with the intent of improving quality of patient care and multidisciplinary cooperation.",
"Retrospective and prospective databases before and after creation of the CRC center, respectively, were create... | A dedicated CRC center has significantly improved quality of care for CRC patients. | yes |
19,268,916 | Is beta amyloid in Alzheimer 's disease : increased deposition in brain reflected in reduced concentration in cerebrospinal fluid? | {
"contexts": [
"A decreased concentration of beta amyloid (1-42) (Abeta42) has consistently been found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered a diagnostic biomarker. However, it is not clear to which extent CSF Abeta42 levels are reflective of cerebral pathol... | The study demonstrates a moderate linear negative association between cerebral amyloid plaque load and CSF Abeta42 levels in AD patients in vivo and suggests possible regional differences of the association. | yes |
19,260,868 | Is interleukin-6 essential for Staphylococcal exotoxin B-induced T regulatory cell insufficiency in nasal polyps? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathogenesis of nasal polyps is still unclear. There is increasing evidence indicating that Staphylococcal aureus (S. aureus) is associated with the formation of nasal polyps, but the mechanism has not been well documented to date.",
"We stimulated cultured nasal polyps and turbinate tiss... | SEB is able to modulate pro-inflammatory factors, T-helper type 1/Th2 profiles and suppress Treg activity in cultured nasal polyps, which were rescued by blocking IL-6 activity. Therefore, IL-6 is essential for SEB-induced Treg insufficiency in nasal polyps. | yes |
19,260,869 | Does cigarette smoke suppress in vitro allergic activation of mouse mast cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Mast cells are important effector cells in innate or acquired immunity that contribute to host defence. Excessive activation of mast cells can result in the development of allergic diseases, including atopic asthma. Mast cell activation by IgE and specific antigen induces the cells to release spa... | Our study suggests that exposure to cigarette smoke may lead to a reduced allergic activation of mast cells without affecting their response to activation via e.g. bacterial-derived LPS. | yes |
19,258,059 | Is brain maturation delayed in infants with complex congenital heart defects? | {
"contexts": [
"Small head circumferences and white matter injury in the form of periventricular leukomalacia have been observed in populations of infants with severe forms of congenital heart defects. This study tests the hypothesis that congenital heart defects delay in utero structural brain development.",
... | Before surgery, term infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and transposition of the great arteries have brains that are smaller and structurally less mature than expected. This delay in brain development may foster susceptibility to periventricular leukomalacia in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperat... | yes |
19,249,728 | Does early vs late midline sling lysis result in greater improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur in 5-20% of women after antiincontinence procedures. Symptoms include complete urinary retention or storage, voiding, and postmicturition symptoms. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of time from sling placement to midline sling lysis on o... | Based on this large cohort, patients may benefit from earlier midline sling lysis within 1 year for LUTS after a pubovaginal or midurethral sling procedure. The development of recurrent stress urinary incontinence after midline sling lysis is relatively low. | yes |
19,257,967 | Do [ Correlation between pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and thymus mature dendritic cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the correlation between onset of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the changes of the number and distribution of thymus mature dendritic cells (mDC).",
"The specimens of thymus were obtained during operation from 39 MG patients who hadn't received immunosuppressive therapy before thym... | The number and ratio of the thymus mDCs in MG are high, high, and the distribution abnormal. mDC actively may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of MG. | yes |
19,264,974 | Does cigarette smoke impair clearance of apoptotic cells through oxidant-dependent activation of RhoA? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an effect that is, in part, due to intense oxidant stress. Clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is a critical regulator of lung homeostasis, which is defective in smokers and in patients with COPD, ... | These findings advance the hypothesis that impaired efferocytosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway. | yes |
19,267,937 | Is a eukaryotic initiation factor 5C upregulated during metamorphosis in the cotton bollworm , Helicoverpa armigera? | {
"contexts": [
"The orthologs of eukaryotic initiation factor 5C (eIF5C) are essential to the initiation of protein translation, and their regulation during development is not well known.",
"A cDNA encoding a polypeptide of 419 amino acids containing an N-terminal leucine zipper motif and a C-terminal eIF5C ... | These results suggested that during metamorphosis of the cotton bollworm, Ha-eIF5C was upregulated by 20E through the EcR and USP transcription factors. | yes |
19,273,721 | Is g-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 required for pulmonary vascular development? | {
"contexts": [
"The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a multidomain scaffold protein that participates in many cellular functions including receptor internalization, focal adhesion remodeling, and signaling by both G-protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors. However... | Our data support a critical role for GIT1 in pulmonary vascular development by regulating VEGF-induced PLCgamma and ERK1/2 activation. | yes |
19,266,263 | Is histamine released in acute thermal injury in human skin in vivo : a microdialysis study? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal models have shown histamine to be released from the skin during the acute phase of a burn injury. The role of histamine during the early phase of thermal injuries in humans remains unclear.",
"The objectives of this trial were to study histamine release in human skin during the acute p... | Histamine is not released in human skin during the acute phase of a thermal injury. | no |
19,274,735 | Are mutations in the first MyTH4 domain of MYO15A a common cause of DFNB3 hearing loss? | {
"contexts": [
"To use clinical and genetic analyses to determine the mutation causing autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) segregating in two consanguineous Iranian families.",
"Family study.",
"Members of each family received otologic and audiometric examination for the type and exten... | These are the first MYO15A mutations reported to cause DFNB3 sensorineural hearing loss in the Iranian population. Like other mutations located in the myosin tail homology 4 (MyTH4) domain, the p.R2124Q and p.P2073S mutations are predicted to disrupt the function of the myosin XVa protein, which is integral to the mech... | yes |
19,245,972 | Is early growth response factor-1 associated with intraluminal thrombus formation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1), a vascular pathogenic transcription factor, and its potential relationship with tissue factor (TF), a key player during the thrombus formation in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall.",
"Although ... | The present study demonstrates the differential up-regulation of Egr-1 in the thrombus-covered wall of human AAA and also suggests its possible contribution to the thrombogenic and inflammatory pathogenesis in human AAA. | yes |
19,247,168 | Do reduction of postoperative spinal implant infection using gentamicin microspheres? | {
"contexts": [
"Three noncontiguous spinal implant sites in 1 rabbit were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and local antibiotic prophylaxis was given with gentamicin in controlled-release microspheres (poly(lactic-coglycolic-acid) [PLGA]). Postoperative biomaterial-centered infection on and around the titan... | Postoperative, biomaterial-centered infection was reduced at least 50% with intraoperative gentamicin microspheres in the face of systemic cephalosporin prophylaxis and high dose S. aureus in a laminectomy defect in rabbits. The data are statistically and clinically significant, and further animal testing is planned to... | yes |
19,247,169 | Do biomechanics of halo-vest and dens screw fixation for type II odontoid fracture? | {
"contexts": [
"An in vitro biomechanical study of halo-vest and odontoid screw fixation of Type II dens fracture.",
"The objective were to determine upper cervical spine instability due to simulated dens fracture and investigate stability provided by the halo-vest and odontoid screw, applied individually an... | The present reduction in C1/2 motion observed, due to the halo-vest and dens screw combined is similar to previously reported immobilization provided by the polyaxial screw/rod system and transarticular screw fixation combined with wiring. The present biomechanical data may be useful to clinicians when choosing an appr... | yes |
19,277,197 | Is a-kinase anchoring in dendritic cells required for antigen presentation? | {
"contexts": [
"Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC) of the immune system. Prostaglandin E(2), cyclic AMP, and protein kinase A (PKA) have all been shown to regulate DC maturation and activity. In other cells, the ability of these molecules to convey their signals has been show... | These experiments represent the first evidence for the functional importance of PKA anchoring in multiple aspects of DC biology. | yes |
19,254,788 | Does bazedoxifene reduce vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX? | {
"contexts": [
"Bazedoxifene has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. No significant effect was noted on the risk of clinical fractures, but fracture risk reduction was reported in a post hoc subgroup analysis in a high risk group categorised on the basis ... | Bazedoxifene (20 and 40 mg doses combined) significantly decreased the risk of all clinical fractures and morphometric vertebral fractures in women at or above a FRAX based fracture probability threshold. These results, consistent with the previous subgroup analysis, suggest that bazedoxifene should be targeted prefere... | yes |
19,249,398 | Does loss of the acinar-restricted transcription factor Mist1 accelerate Kras-induced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is thought to originate from duct-like lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). PanINs progress from low grade (PanIN-1) to high grade (PanIN-3) as the cells attain molecular alterations to key regulatory genes, including activating mu... | We propose that convergence of EGFR, Notch, and Kras pathways in acinar cells lacking Mist1 leads to enhanced mPanIN formation. | yes |
19,276,128 | Does high glucose sensitize adult cardiomyocytes to ischaemia/reperfusion injury through nitrative thioredoxin inactivation? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischaemic cardiac injury is significantly increased in diabetic patients, but its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The current study attempted to identify new molecular mechanisms potentially contributive to hyperglycaemic-exaggeration of myocardial ischaemic injury.",
"A... | High glucose sensitized cardiomyocytes to ischaemia/reperfusion injury through nitrative Trx-1 inactivation. Interventions restoring Trx-1 activity in the diabetic heart may represent novel therapies attenuating cardiac injury in diabetic patients. | yes |
19,276,129 | Do salicylates dilate blood vessels through inhibiting PYK2-mediated RhoA/Rho-kinase activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Compared with other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin is not correlated to hypertension. It has been shown that aspirin has unique vasodilator action in vivo, offering an explanation for the unique blood pressure effect of aspirin. In the present study, we investigate the mech... | Salicylates dilate blood vessels through inhibiting PYK2-mediated RhoA/Rho-kinase activation and thus lower blood pressure. | yes |
19,246,457 | Does p6 acustimulation effectively decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Electrical acustimulation can reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acustimulation in relation to known risk factors for PONV. We also tested the secondary hypothesis that pre- or post-induction application of ac... | Continuous 24 h acustimulation decreases PONV, particularly in patients at high risk. | yes |
19,264,305 | Does intraoperative detection of intimal lipid in the radial artery predict degree of postoperative spasm? | {
"contexts": [
"The radial artery's (RA) tendency to spasm when used as a bypass graft may relate to features of the RA itself. We imaged RA conduits before and after CABG in order to characterize intimal abnormalities that might relate to the risk of spasm.",
"RA conduits from thirty-two CABG patients were ... | RA conduits otherwise considered acceptable for bypass grafting were often found by OCT imaging to have a substantial amount of lipid, which in turn strongly relates to the risk of postoperative spasm. Screening conduits based on characteristics of intimal quality may improve results following RA grafting. | yes |
19,276,637 | Is serum obestatin/ghrelin ratio altered in patients after distal gastrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced mainly in the stomach, and obestatin is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the ghrelin prepro-hormone. The aim of this study was to determine the postoperative serial changes in these hormones and whether hyperplasia of ghrelin-expressing cells occurs in the ... | The serum level of obestatin and ghrelin exhibits a different time course in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, and there was no ghrelin-expressing cell hyperplasia in the remnant stomach despite the decrease in serum ghrelin. | yes |
19,262,687 | Are the coiled coils of cohesin conserved in animals , but not in yeast? | {
"contexts": [
"The SMC proteins are involved in DNA repair, chromosome condensation, and sister chromatid cohesion throughout Eukaryota. Long, anti-parallel coiled coils are a prominent feature of SMC proteins, and are thought to serve as spacer rods to provide an elongated structure and to separate domains. We... | SMC1/3 functions for sister chromatid cohesion in all species. Since its coiled coils apparently serve only as spacer rods in yeast, it is likely that this is sufficient for sister chromatid cohesion in all species. This suggests an additional function in animals that constrains the sequence of the coiled coils. Severa... | yes |
19,262,684 | Do iBD-associated TL1A gene ( TNFSF15 ) haplotypes determine increased expression of TL1A protein? | {
"contexts": [
"The recently identified member of the TNF superfamily TL1A (TNFSF15) increases IFN-gamma production by T cells in peripheral and mucosal CCR9+ T cells. TL1A and its receptor DR3 are up-regulated during chronic intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD). TL1A gene haplo... | These findings suggest that TL1A gene variation exacerbates induction of TL1A in response to FcgammaR stimulation in Jewish CD patients and this may lead to chronic intestinal inflammation via overwhelming T cell responses. Thus, TL1A may provide an important target for therapeutic intervention in this subgroup of IBD ... | yes |
19,267,927 | Do intergenic regions of Borrelia plasmids contain phylogenetically conserved RNA secondary structure motifs? | {
"contexts": [
"Borrelia species are unusual in that they contain a large number of linear and circular plasmids. Many of these plasmids have long intergenic regions. These regions have many fragmented genes, repeated sequences and appear to be in a state of flux, but they may serve as reservoirs for evolutionar... | Intergenic regions of Borrelia species carry evolutionarily stable RNA secondary structure motifs. Of major interest is that some motifs are associated with protein genes that show large sequence variability. The cell may conserve these RNA motifs whereas allow a large flux in amino acid sequence, possibly to create ne... | yes |
19,250,162 | Does botulinum toxin cosmetic therapy correlate with a more positive mood? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) treatment for frown lines can also be used as a treatment for depression. A psychological mechanism for this effect is reviewed in which paralysis of the corrugator (frown) muscles leads to less facial feedback for negative emotions. Consequent... | The results support the facial feedback view that frowning can make one unhappier. Treatments that prevent frowning correlate with reduced negative mood. | yes |
19,247,743 | Does propofol inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity in human monocytic THP-1 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocytes/macrophages are key players in innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, they secrete prostanoids, which are produced by cyclooxygenase from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids influence inflammation and immune responses. We investigated the effect of propofol on prostaglandin E(2) and ... | Propofol may modulate inflammation via the suppression of cyclooxygenase activity. Through the inhibition of prostanoid production, propofol may enhance immune responses. | yes |
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