pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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22,773,549 | Does heterogeneity in mouse spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia lineages identify markers of metaplastic progression? | {
"contexts": [
"Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) develops as a preneoplastic lesion in the stomachs of mice and humans after parietal cell loss. To identify the commonalities and differences between phenotypic SPEM lineages, SPEM were studied from three different mouse models of parietal cell... | While markers such as clusterin are expressed in all phenotypic SPEM lineages, distinct patterns of upregulated genes including CFTR are present in murine metaplasia associated with inflammation, indicative of progression of metaplasia towards a more intestinalised metaplastic phenotype. | yes |
22,774,919 | Is mesenteric arteries responsiveness to acute variations of wall shear stress impaired in rats with liver cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"In liver cirrhosis, excessive splanchnic vasodilation is due to abnormal synthesis of endogenous vasodilators and to decreased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors. The role of mechanical stimuli such as wall shear stress (WSS) on splanchnic circulation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to as... | Arteries from cirrhotic rats showed an abolished responsiveness to acute variations in flow, which exposes the mesenteric endothelium to sudden variations in WSS. | yes |
22,770,110 | Does novel survivin inhibitor YM155 elicit cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cell lines with normal or deficiency DNA-dependent protein kinase activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Pediatric glioblastoma is a malignant disease with an extremely poor clinical outcome. Patients usually suffer from resistance to radiation therapy, so targeted drug treatment may be a new possibility for glioblastoma therapy. Survivin is also overexpressed in glioblastoma. YM155, a novel small-m... | The novel survivin inhibitor YM155 elicits potent cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells in vitro via DNA-PK-independent mechanisms. YM155 could be used as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of human glioblastomas. | yes |
22,798,134 | Are immune and inflammatory pathways involved in inherent bone marrow ossification? | {
"contexts": [
"Bone marrow plays a key role in bone formation and healing. Although a subset of marrow explants ossifies in vitro without excipient osteoinductive factors, some explants do not undergo ossification. The disparity of outcome suggests a significant heterogeneity in marrow tissue in terms of its ca... | The marrow explant model indicates the inflammatory and immune pathways to be an integral part of the osteogenesis process. | yes |
22,778,299 | Do family experiences and pediatric health services use associated with family-centered rounds? | {
"contexts": [
"Family-centered rounds (FCR) are defined as interdisciplinary bedside teaching rounds with active family participation. The objective of this study was to examine the association of FCR with family experiences and health services use.",
"Prospective study comparing families with a child admit... | FCR are associated with higher parent satisfaction, consistent medical information, and care plan discussion, with no additional burden to health service use. Additional studies should assess FCR under different settings of care. | yes |
22,769,735 | Does chlormadinone acetate suppress prostaglandin biosynthesis in human endometrial explants? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the mode of action of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) in reducing dysmenorrheic pain by studying the effects of CMA and dexamethasone (DEX) on messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), annexin-1 (ANXA1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor (PR), and con... | Our data suggest that CMA is a suppressor of COX-2 expression. Comparison with DEX revealed that progestin-specific activity of CMA may mainly be responsible for suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis in human endometrium. | yes |
22,804,790 | Are physicians ' attitudes about interprofessional treatment of chronic pain : family physicians considered the most important collaborators? | {
"contexts": [
"Interprofessional collaboration is the process in which different professional groups work together to positively impact health care. We aimed to explore physicians' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration in the context of chronic pain management with the implication that if attitudes a... | Interprofessional collaboration may be enhanced with continuing medical education that will bring together different healthcare professionals, enable them to exchange experiences and learn about their potential roles within a team. | yes |
22,770,957 | Does cachexia but not obesity worsen the postoperative outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy in pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Prognosis after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer is determined by tumor characteristics, completeness of resection, and patient's comorbidity. Our aim was to assess the effects of body mass and fat distribution on the postoperative course after pancreatoduodenectomy.",
"Of 2,968 pa... | In pancreatic cancer, underweight but not obese patients have a poor outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy. This observation emphasizes the need for pre- and perioperative therapeutic improvements in the setting of pancreatic cancer-associated cachexia. | yes |
22,803,961 | Does multifactorial risk factor intervention in patients with Type 2 diabetes improve arginine bioavailability ratios? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial dysfunction is defined by reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide and has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk. The global arginine bioavailability ratio and the arginine to ornithine ratio have recently been shown to be associated with cardiovascular outcome in patien... | In patients with Type 2 diabetes, intensified risk factor management improves arginine bioavailability ratios. Duration of diabetes seems to be an important factor influencing the capacity of the global arginine bioavailability ratio improvement. | yes |
22,798,234 | Do the effects of different articulate curvature of artificial disc on loading distribution? | {
"contexts": [
"Deeper insights into the mechanical behavior of lumbar disc prostheses are required. Prior studies on the biomechanical performance of artificial discs were mostly performed with finite element analyses, but this has never been analyzed with altering articulate curvature. This study aimed to asce... | The concave PE insert on the inferior side not only decreased loading concentration but had relatively low stress. Such a design may be applicable for artificial discs. | yes |
22,777,799 | Does drug-related problems and factors influencing acceptance of clinical pharmacologists ` alert in a large cohort of neurology inpatients? | {
"contexts": [
"Data regarding the prevalence and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) among neurology inpatients is sparse. The objective of this study was to characterise the types of DRPs seen among neurology inpatients and furthermore to study factors affecting the acceptance of clinical pharmacologists' an... | Clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists can play an important role in identifying DRPs among neurology inpatients. Their recommendations for optimising medication-safety are most likely to be accepted for regular prescriptions, prescriptions associated with an adverse drug event and high-risk drug combinations. | yes |
22,791,182 | Is multimodal endovascular management of acute ischemic stroke in patients over 75 years old safe and effective? | {
"contexts": [
"Greater attention has been directed to endovascular recanalization of acute ischemic stroke in septuagenarians and above.",
"A retrospective chart review was conducted to include patients treated for acute ischemic stroke from 2006 to 2012. All patients underwent initial neurological assessme... | Multimodal endovascular recanalization of acute ischemic stroke is a relatively safe treatment option in patients older than 75 years of age. Careful patient selection by clinical and radiographic inclusion criteria is necessary for the successful management of stroke in this age group. | yes |
22,803,621 | Are between subjects variability in haemoglobin and dose associated with the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent used to treat anaemia in dialysis : a meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to compare mean and between subject variability in haemoglobin (Hb) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) dose across the ESA compounds used to treat anaemia in dialysis patients.",
"We performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating ESA in adult patients with chronic... | Between subject variability in haemoglobin and ESA dose in dialysis patients is not associated with the type of ESA, nor with the dosing interval or route of administration, except for higher dose requirements in PEG-EPO monthly administration relative to every 2 weeks or rHuEPO i.v. relative to s.c. | no |
22,782,329 | Is mycoplasma penetrans infection a potential cause of immunoglobulin A nephropathy : a new animal model? | {
"contexts": [
"A new animal model of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) was made by infecting mice with Mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe). To examine the pathogenesis of IgAN induced by Mpe infection, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) protein levels were comp... | We made a new IgAN animal model that will offer a new direction for IgAN research. The activation of inflammation factors was associated with the Mpe induction of IgAN. | yes |
22,782,287 | Does targeting of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production avert lipid-induced insulin resistance in muscle tissue from mice? | {
"contexts": [
"High-fat, high-sucrose diet (HF)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we investigated whether mitochondrial ROS sequestering can circumvent HF-induced oxidative stress; we also determined the impact o... | SkQ treatment reduced muscle mitochondrial ROS production and prevented HF-induced oxidative stress. Nonetheless, whole-body glucose tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, muscle insulin signalling and mitochondrial function were not improved. These results suggest that HF-induced oxidative stress is not a prere... | no |
22,798,501 | Are 20-HETE-producing enzymes up-regulated in human cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA) produced by the CYP4A and CYP4F enzyme families has been reported to induce mitogenic and angiogenic responses both in vitro and in vivo, and inhibitors of this pathway reduced growth of brain and kidney tumors.",
... | The present finding of elevated expression of CYP4A/F enzymes in human cancer tissue suggests that 20-HETE inhibitors and antagonists may be useful in the treatment of cancer. | yes |
22,804,747 | Is kRAS mutation present in a small subset of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether KRAS mutations occur in primary bladder adenocarcinoma.",
"Twenty-six cases of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinoma were analysed. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and amplified with shifted termination assay technology, which recognizes w... | KRAS mutations are present in a small subset of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas. Future clinical trials for treatment of bladder adenocarcinoma, employing targeted therapies similar to those used for treatment of colon cancer, may also benefit from the predictive implications of KRAS mutational testing. | yes |
22,796,583 | Does cognitive-behavioural therapy reduce unwanted thought intrusions in generalized anxiety disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Voluntary attempts to suppress certain thoughts can paradoxically increase their intrusive return. Particular impairments in thought suppression are thought to be key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. To assess the role of this processing bias in the maintenance of generalized a... | This study could not clarify whether the demonstrated effect mediates other changes, or how it relates to other cognitive biases in GAD. | yes |
22,766,609 | Does homozygous null mutation in ODZ3 cause microphthalmia in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Microphthalmia is a condition in which eyes are small in size, often associated with coloboma, as a result of aberrant eye development. Isolated microphthalmia is a model disease for studying early development of the human eye, and mutations in several key genes related to eye development have be... | Our data highlight a role for ODZ3 in the early development of the human eye. | yes |
22,795,086 | Is cardioembolic stroke frequent in late recurrence after transient ischemic attack? | {
"contexts": [
"Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often followed by a stroke episode. Differences between early and late recurrent stroke, however, have not been elucidated.",
"We enrolled 133 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented to our hospital and had previously been diagnosed wit... | The frequency of cardioembolic stroke did not decline as time after TIA passed. More than one quarter of AF patients had been asymptomatic before stroke, suggesting the need for repeated examinations to detect AF in patients with TIA of unknown etiology. | yes |
22,781,553 | Is aT13148 a novel , oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Deregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway signaling through AGC kinases including AKT, p70S6 kinase, PKA, SGK and Rho kinase is a key driver of multiple cancers. The simultaneous inhibition of multiple AGC kinases may increase antitumor activity and minimize clinical resistance compared w... | The clinical candidate AT13148 is a novel oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor with potent pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity, which shows a distinct mechanism of action from other AKT inhibitors. AT13148 will now be assessed in a first-in-human phase I trial. | yes |
22,799,212 | Does transcriptome analysis of Termitomyces albuminosus reveal the biodegradation of lignocellulose? | {
"contexts": [
"To study whether Termitomyces albuminosus can degrade lignocelluloses and to understand the symbiotic relationship between termite mushroom and fungus-growing termite.",
"cDNA library of T. albuminosus was sequenced by the Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium platform, and the diverse enzymes relevant t... | Data presented in this study indicated that T. albuminosus had the ability to degrade lignin, which made cellulose more easily degraded by the cellulase produced by fungus-growing termite. | yes |
22,795,710 | Does regular exercise training reduce coronary restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well known that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) including regular exercise training (ET) is cardioprotective with respect to clinical events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it is not known whether the regular ET may affect coronary restenosis after percutaneous coro... | Regular ET contributes to a significant reduction in late luminal loss in the stented coronary segment in AMI patients. This effect was associated with increased exercise capacity and increased HDL-C. | yes |
22,795,715 | Does `` Polarizing '' microplegia improve cardiac cycle efficiency after CABG for unstable angina? | {
"contexts": [
"Myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for unstable angina (UA) still represents a major challenge, ought to the risk for further ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies investigate the biochemical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic results of microplegia (Mic) in UA... | Microplegia attenuates myocardial damage in UA, reduces transfusions, improves postoperative systo-diastolic function, and shortens hospitalization. | yes |
22,773,729 | Do alveolar macrophages from overweight/obese subjects with asthma demonstrate a proinflammatory phenotype? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity is associated with increased prevalence and severity of asthma. Adipose tissue macrophages can contribute to the systemic proinflammatory state associated with obesity. However, it remains unknown whether alveolar macrophages have a unique phenotype in overweight/obese patients with asthm... | Ex vivo studies indicate that alveolar macrophages derived from overweight/obese subjects with asthma are uniquely sensitive to leptin. This macrophage phenotype, in the context of higher levels of soluble leptin, may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway disease associated with obesity. | yes |
22,782,464 | Is overweight a risk factor for surgical site infection following distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to assess the risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) in gastric surgery using the results of the Osaka Gastrointestinal Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group (OGSG) 0501 phase 3 trial.",
"The OGSG 0501 trial was conducted to compare standard prophylactic antibiotic admin... | Compared with patients of normal weight, overweight patients had a significantly higher risk of SSI after distal gastrectomy for cancer. | yes |
22,770,265 | Do atopic asthmatic patients have reduced airway inflammatory cell recruitment after inhaled endotoxin challenge compared with healthy volunteers? | {
"contexts": [
"Atopic asthmatic patients are reported to be more sensitive to the effects of environmental endotoxin (LPS) than healthy volunteers (HVs). It is unknown whether this sensitivity is due to dysregulated inflammatory responses after LPS exposure in atopic asthmatic patients.",
"We sought to test... | The airway inflammatory response to inhaled LPS challenge is blunted in AA patients compared with that seen in HVs and accompanied by reductions in airway neutrophilia and inflammasome-dependent cytokine production. These factors might contribute to increased susceptibility to airway microbial infection or colonization... | yes |
22,800,781 | Does [ Analysis of surgical treatment result in 120 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).",
"The clinic data of 120 BCS patients who underwent various consecutive surgical treatments from July 2001 to October 2010 was analyzed. There were 82 male and 38 female patients, aging from 11 to ... | The surgical treatment of BCS need to get accurate diagnosis and pathological classification firstly, then, to choose appropriate therapeutic strategies based on individual pathological classification. The BCS radical resection can be an alternative method in some particular pathological classifications and the cases w... | yes |
22,780,440 | Do serum lipids modify periodontal infection - C-reactive protein association? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether low-grade inflammation-related factors such as serum low-density (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) modify the association between periodontal infection and C-reactive protein.",
"This study was based on a subpopulation of the Health 2000 Survey, w... | This study suggests that the relation of periodontal infection to the systemic inflammatory condition is more complicated than previously presumed. The findings of this study suggest that the possible systemic effect of periodontal infection is dependent on serum lipid composition. | yes |
22,796,037 | Do accuracy evaluation of surgical guides in implant dentistry by non-contact reverse engineering techniques? | {
"contexts": [
"In the paper laser scanning was used to evaluate, by indirect methods, the accuracy of computer-designed surgical guides in the oral implant supported rehabilitation of partially or completely edentulous patients.",
"Five implant supported rehabilitations for a total of twenty-three implants ... | The results of this research demonstrate accurate transfer of implant replica position by virtual implant insertion into a pre-operative cast and a post-operative cast obtained from impressioning. In previous studies the evaluation of the implant positions have required a post-surgical CT scan. With the indirect method... | yes |
22,775,214 | Does regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and asymmetric dimethylarginine by matrine attenuate isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of matrine on regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischaemic rats.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with matrine (2... | Our results suggested that matrine protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischaemia via eNOS and ADMA pathway. | yes |
22,775,212 | Does eP4 receptor signalling in immature B cells involve cAMP and NF-κB dependent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Delineation of EP4 receptor signalling properties in immature B cells.",
"WEHI 231 cells were used as a model of immature B lymphocytes. The effects of PGE2, EP4 receptor antagonist, EP4 receptor agonist, forskolin and adenylate cyclase inhibitor on proliferation of WEHI 231 cells were examin... | Modulation of the EP4 receptor on immature B lymphocytes provides important insight into the observed action of PGE2 and opens new possibilities for the development of therapies for autoimmune diseases, leukaemia and lymphomas. | yes |
22,782,692 | Is interleukin-33 hepatoprotective during liver ischemia/reperfusion in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family that binds to the receptor, ST2L. In the current study, we sought to determine whether IL-33 is an important regulator in the hepatic response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of pa... | The data suggest that IL-33 is an important endogenous regulator of hepatic I/R injury. It appears that IL-33 has direct protective effects on hepatocytes, associated with the activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 that limits liver injury and reduces the stimulus for inflammation. | yes |
22,771,480 | Does the number of wires for sternal closure have a significant influence on sternal complications in high-risk patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Sternal dehiscence and mediastinitis are rare but serious complications following cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the number of sternal wires used for chest closure on sternal complications.",
"From May 2003 to April 2007, 4714 adult patients receive... | Particularly in high-risk patients, careful haemostasis should be done and eight or more wires should be used to avoid sternal complications. | yes |
22,800,884 | Does cigarette smoking increase levels of retinol-binding protein-4 in healthy men with normal glucose tolerance? | {
"contexts": [
"Smoking is related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retinol-binding protein-4 is a new adipocytokine associated with insulin resistance. We investigated the serum levels of a series of adipocytokines including retinol-binding protein-4 in smokers and non-smokers to explore th... | Smoking may have effect on insulin sensitivity, which is correlated with retinol-binding protein-4. | yes |
22,800,886 | Does lRP16 gene protect mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells against fatty acid-induced apoptosis through Akt/FoxO1 signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Pancreatic β cells are susceptible to fatty acid-induced apoptosis. The 17β-estradiol (E2) protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). The mRNA level and promoter activity of leukemia-related protein (LRP) 16 were significantly increased by E2 in ER-α an... | LRP16 regulated insulin content and GSIS in MIN6 cells by ERK1/2 and Akt activated way. Meanwhile, LRP16 overexpression protected MIN6 cells from fatty acid-induced apoptosis by partially restoring Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting FoxO1 nuclear redistribution. Therefore, LRP16 played important roles not only in insul... | yes |
22,800,888 | Do serum uric acid levels correlate with atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic systolic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies have shown that increased levels of serum uric acid (SUA) are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, less is known about the prognostic value of SUA levels for AF in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of the study was to examine the prognostic value of SUA leve... | Higher SUA level is associated strongly with AF in patients with CHF. SUA level can increase the sensitivity and specificity in predicting AF. | yes |
22,798,288 | Are bRAF ( L597 ) mutations in melanoma associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"Kinase inhibitors are accepted treatment for metastatic melanomas that harbor specific driver mutations in BRAF or KIT, but only 40% to 50% of cases are positive. To uncover other potential targetable mutations, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of a highly aggressive BRAF (V600) and KIT (W557... | This study shows that cells harboring BRAF(L597R) mutants are sensitive to MEK inhibitor treatment, providing a rationale for routine screening and therapy of BRAF(L597R)-mutant melanoma. | yes |
22,782,958 | Is longitudinal right ventricular function a better predictor of right ventricular contribution to exercise performance than global or outflow tract ejection fraction in tetralogy of Fallot : a combined echocardiography and magnetic resonance study? | {
"contexts": [
"The contribution of the systolic function of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT) and of longitudinal shortening of the body of the right ventricle to global RV systolic function and exercise capacity in patients after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair is unclear. Our aim was to charact... | In patients following TOF repair, echocardiographic and CMR descriptors of global RV systolic function are, at best, weak predictors of exercise tolerance. Longitudinal function of the RV, measured remotely from the RVOT, may be a more important determinant of exercise performance than global RVEF in patients with aneu... | yes |
22,776,600 | Does [ Molecular mechanism of hydroxyurea enhance K562 cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the molecular mechanism via which the chemotherapeutic drug hydroxyurea (HU) enhances K562 cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).",
"Chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived K562 and SVT-35 cells were treated with recombinant soluble ... | HU enhanced K562 cell sensitivity to rsTRAIL is mediated by Ras-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Expression of antiapoptotic proteins cellular Fas associated death domain protein-like interleukin-1 beta-convening enzyme inhibitory protein and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 is also down-regulated during this proces... | yes |
22,768,041 | Does allele summation of diabetes risk genes predict impaired glucose tolerance in female and obese individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in approximately 40 genes have been associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in genome-wide association studies. It is not known whether a similar genetic impact on the risk of prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] or impaired fast... | We found that T2D genetic risk alleles cause an increased risk for IGT. This effect was not present in male, lean and insulin sensitive subjects, suggesting a protective role of beneficial environmental factors on the genetic risk. | yes |
22,789,136 | Do cD4 T cells mediate cardiac xenograft rejection via host MHC Class II? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown that acute CD4 T-cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection requires donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II expression and can be independent of \"indirect\" antigen presentation. However, other studies suggested that indirect antigen presentation to CD4 ... | Taken together, our results show that CD4 T cells are both necessary and sufficient for acute cardiac xenograft rejection and that host MHC Class II is critical in this process. | yes |
22,789,137 | Is graft survival better without prior surgery in cardiac transplantation for functionally univentricular hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of surgical history on graft outcomes in patients with functionally univentricular hearts (UH) is not well understood. We compared graft outcomes after heart transplantation in children with a UH between patients who received allografts without prior cardiac surgery (Group A) and patie... | Heart transplantation without prior cardiac surgery in patients with a UH was associated with better graft survival and lower probability of AR. The effect of age is complex and time-dependent, with age affecting outcomes after 5 years. | yes |
19,270,722 | Does berbamine exhibit potent antitumor effects on imatinib-resistant CML cells in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanism of berbamine on imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL-positive human leukemia K562 (K562-r) cells in vitro and in vivo.",
"Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and apoptotic morphology changes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. T... | Berbamine inhibited proliferation of K562-r cells both in vitro and in vivo. Berbamine-induced apoptosis in K562-r cells appeared to occur through a mechanism involving Bcl-2 family proteins, as well as mdr-1 mRNA and P-gp protein. Berbamine in combination with imatinib restored the chemo-sensitivity of K562-r cells to... | yes |
19,270,723 | Does adenovirus-mediated expression of UHRF1 reduce the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer HeLa cells to gamma-irradiation? | {
"contexts": [
"An in vitro study was carried out to determine the effect of UHRF1 overexpression on radiosensitivity in human cervical cancer HeLa cells using adenovirus-mediated UHRF1 gene transfer (Ad5-UHRF1).",
"Cell survival was evaluated using the clonogenic survival assay and the MTT assay; apoptosis ... | These results provide the first evidence for revealing a functional role of UHRF1 in human cervical cancer cells as a negative regulator of radiosensitivity. | yes |
19,275,472 | Does b-type natriuretic peptide enhance vasculogenesis by promoting number and functional properties of early endothelial progenitor cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) acts as a potent vasculogenic agent by enhancing the number, proliferation, adhesion, and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).",
"BNP is a neurohormonal peptide that predicts outcome and used for treatment in chronic he... | BNP promotes vessel growth by increasing the number of endothelial progenitors and enhancing their functional properties. These provasculogenic properties of BNP could account for some of its beneficial effects in chronic heart failure patients and may be harnessed for the purpose of improving collateral formation in i... | yes |
19,250,096 | Is atrio-pulmonary vein conduction delay during pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation related to vein anatomy , age , and focal activity? | {
"contexts": [
"During pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), a significant delay in atrio-pulmonary vein (PV) conduction is often observed. We sought to investigate this conduction delay in various PV in individual patients.",
"We studied 385 AF patients (mean age: 54 +/- 11 yea... | The incidence of CD was highest in the left common and superior PVs, in older patients and in PVs with focal activity. PVs with CD required more ablation applications and a larger area of ablation around the ostia. These observations were not found during repeat procedures. | yes |
19,263,268 | Do low coronary flow velocity and shear stress predict restenosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation? | {
"contexts": [
"This study sought to assess predictive values of coronary flow velocity and an index of shear stress throughout the vessel for angiographic restenosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.",
"The study patients underwent successful implantation of a sirolimus-eluting stent for de novo l... | Lowered coronary flow velocity and shear stress after sirolimus-eluting stenting may predict the risk of restenosis. | yes |
19,262,227 | Does rosuvastatin protect against angiotensin II-induced renal injury in a dose-dependent fashion? | {
"contexts": [
"We showed earlier that statin treatment ameliorates target-organ injury in a transgenic model of angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension. We now test the hypothesis that rosuvastatin (1, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day) influences leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, prevents induction of inducible nitric... | Our findings indicate that rosuvastatin dose- dependently ameliorates angiotensin II-induced-organ damage and almost completely prevents inflammation at the highest dose. The data implicate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A function in signaling events leading to target-organ damage. | yes |
19,269,986 | Does acute atrial tachyarrhythmia induce angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated oxidative stress and microvascular flow abnormalities in the ventricles? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) often present with typical angina pectoris and mildly elevated levels of cardiac troponin (non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) during an arrhythmic event. However, in a large proportion of these patients, significant coronary artery di... | Rapid atrial pacing induces AT(1)-receptor-mediated oxidative stress in LV myocardium that is accompanied by impaired microvascular blood flow and cTn-I release. These findings provide a plausible mechanism for the frequently observed cTn-I elevation accompanied with typical angina pectoris symptoms in patients with pa... | yes |
19,269,987 | Do low-dose dobutamine stress echo to quantify the degree of remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Presence of contractile reserve during low-dose dobutamine stress echo (DSE) appears predictive of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. We hypothesize that changes in left bundle branch block (LBBB)-induced dyssynchronous motion during low-dose DSE could be related to the extent of re... | Low-dose DSE increases and unmasks LBBB-induced dyssynchronous motion, easing its detection. The degree of clinical and echocardiographic response correlated with the extent of peak SF seen during low-dose DSE. | yes |
19,258,404 | Is the inhibitory effect of recent type 2 diabetes risk loci on insulin secretion modulated by insulin sensitivity? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently novel type 2 diabetes risk loci were identified and reported to associate with beta-cell dysfunction. We assessed whether the risk alleles in TCF7L2, CDKAL1, HHEX, SLC30A8, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/2B, JAZF1, and WFS1 reduce insulin secretion in an additive manner and whether their impact is infl... | The negative effects of the risk alleles on ss-cell function appear additive in subjects with low insulin sensitivity but not in subjects with high insulin sensitivity. Effective compensatory mechanisms may exist in subjects with high insulin sensitivity that limit the impact of these genes. | yes |
19,270,031 | Does comprehensive clinical follow-up of late effects in childhood cancer survivors show the need for early and well-timed intervention? | {
"contexts": [
"Due to recent advances in treatment, nearly 80% of childhood cancer patients become long-term survivors. Studies on the late effects of survivors are under way worldwide. However, data on Asian survivors remain limited.",
"Data on 241 survivors at the Long-term Follow-up Clinic in Severance H... | The observation that over 50% of cancer survivors suffered from late effects during the short follow-up period and that a high frequency of endocrine late effects was present indicates the need for early and well-timed intervention of the survivors. | yes |
19,272,191 | Does treatment with TNF-alpha or bacterial lipopolysaccharide attenuate endocardial endothelial cell-mediated stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"The endocardial endothelium that lines the inner cavity of the heart is distinct from the microvascular endothelial cells and modulates cardiac muscle performance in a manner similar to the vascular endothelial modulation of vascular structure and vasomotor tone. Although the modulatory effects o... | The findings of this study using endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and neonatal cardiac fibroblasts demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokines cause altered secretion of paracrine factors by EECs and inhibit proliferation and lower collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. These changes may influence fibroblast response a... | yes |
19,248,349 | Is placement of pH probes during upper endoscopy : direct visualization accurate? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate catheter placement in children for esophageal pH monitoring is performed following an endoscopy using a mathematical formula followed by confirmatory radiograph.",
"To determine if endoscopic visualization of the gastroesophageal junction can be used for sensor placement without the ... | Placing pH sensors under direct visualization is accurate and reduces radiation exposure. | yes |
19,267,237 | Is accumulation of excess visceral fat a risk factor for pancreatic fistula formation after total gastrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of obesity on gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer is controversial. The degree of abdominal fat increases the technical difficulty of abdominal surgery. This study examined the effect of visceral fat on total gastrectomy and risk factors associated with the formation of pancrea... | VFA is a better indicator for pancreatic fistula formation after total gastrectomy than is BMI. Lymph node dissection must be performed carefully, especially in patients with visceral fat accumulation during total gastrectomy with splenectomy. | yes |
19,274,533 | Do cAP37-derived antimicrobial peptides have in vitro antiviral activity against adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1? | {
"contexts": [
"The antiviral activity of an established antibacterial CAP37 domain and its extracellular mechanism of action were investigated.",
"CAP37-derived peptides modified to assess the importance of disulfide bonds were evaluated in cytotoxicity and antiviral assays (direct time kill, dose dependenc... | Unlike the antibacterial activity of this CAP37 domain, its antiviral activity is not fully dependent upon disulfide bond formation. Viral inhibition appears to result, in part, from disruption of the envelope and/or capsid. | yes |
19,246,887 | Does aTG plus cyclosporine reduce all-cause mortality in patients with severe aplastic anemia -- systematic review and meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Immunosuppression is the therapeutic alternative for patients with aplastic anemia who are ineligible for allogeneic transplant. We aimed to assess the benefit of the combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA).",
"We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of a... | The combination of both drugs should be considered the gold standard only for patients with severe aplastic anemia. | yes |
19,246,884 | Do adolescents with skin disease have specific quality of life issues? | {
"contexts": [
"Adolescence is a period of life with its own unique characteristics.",
"To provide an in-depth understanding of the impact of skin disease on different aspects of adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL).",
"Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of... | The results of this study revealed the extent and nature of the impact of skin diseases on adolescents' HRQoL. A number of issues identified were specific to adolescents, highlighting the need for specific HRQoL assessment. | yes |
19,249,773 | Are hypoechoic foci on EUS simple and strong predictive factors for neoplastic gallbladder polyps? | {
"contexts": [
"EUS is an accurate imaging modality for delineating gallbladder (GB) structures; however, its clinical use in differentiating neoplastic GB polyps from nonneoplastic polyps is limited. Thus, we sought to characterize neoplastic GB polyps by analyzing unique EUS features. Our analysis revealed var... | Retrospective review of selected patients from a tertiary medical center. | yes |
19,268,479 | Does n-acetylcysteine-induced vasodilation involve voltage-gated potassium channels in rat aorta? | {
"contexts": [
"N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a protective effect against vascular dysfunction by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in experimental and human hypertension. This study was designed to examine whether NAC would relax vascular rings in vitro via nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monopho... | The vasodilatory effect of NAC may be explained at least partly by activation of voltage-gated K+ channels. | yes |
19,269,261 | Does erythromycin improve gastric emptying half-time in adult cystic fibrosis patients with gastroparesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastrointestinal manifestations are frequently encountered in cystic fibrosis patients. Gastroparesis evidenced by a variety of diagnostic methods has been described in patients with cystic fibrosis, predominantly in children and in individuals with advanced lung disease. The presence of gastropa... | Gastroparesis occurs in patients with cystic fibrosis, even in patients with relatively preserved lung function and in those without cystic-fibrosis related diabetes. Macrolides may be an effective therapy in cystic fibrosis patients with gastroparesis when administered acutely or chronically. | yes |
19,276,730 | Is blunt assault associated with failure of nonoperative management of the spleen independent of organ injury grade and despite lower overall injury severity? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injuries has become standard of care for its high success rate. We observe that many blunt assault (BA) patients fail NOM despite lower overall injury severity. We performed this study to determine whether BA is independently associated with failed i... | BA is associated with FiNOM independent of severity of splenic injury. Despite an increasingly successful policy of NOM in all blunt splenic injuries, this does not apply for BA. BA should be an important factor considered when initial NOM is contemplated for blunt splenic injury because of the high failure rates compa... | yes |
19,273,754 | Does pGC-1alpha expression decrease in the Alzheimer disease brain as a function of dementia? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore mechanisms through which altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) expression may influence Alzheimer disease (AD) amyloid neuropathology and to test the hypothesis that promotion of PGC-1alpha expression in neurons might be developed as a... | Therapeutic preservation of neuronal PGC-1alpha expression promotes the nonamyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein precluding the generation of amyloidogenic Abeta peptides. | yes |
19,274,780 | Does prenatal lipopolysaccharide increase postnatal intestinal injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis? | {
"contexts": [
"An increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has been noted in infants who are born to mothers with chorioamnionitis.",
"Our objective was to test the hypothesis that newborn rat pups born to mothers exposed to prenatal lipopolysaccharide during pregnancy would be more susceptibl... | Intestinal injury observed may be mediated via nitric oxide synthase dysregulation. | yes |
19,260,091 | Does intraurethral stimulation for reflex bladder activation depend on stimulation pattern and location? | {
"contexts": [
"Reflex bladder excitation has been demonstrated by stimulation of the pudendal nerve and several of its distal branches. However, excitation parameters have not been consistent and the relationship to anatomical locations within the urethra has not been fully investigated. An improved understandi... | These data indicate the potential presence of two distinct pathways for reflex bladder activation within the urethra: a supra-T10 circuit initiated in the proximal and mid urethra that responds to lower and higher frequency stimuli, and a sacral circuit initiated in the mid and distal urethra that responds to higher fr... | yes |
19,249,143 | Does melatonin present in beer contribute to increase the levels of melatonin and antioxidant capacity of the human serum? | {
"contexts": [
"Melatonin is a molecule with antioxidative properties including direct free radical scavenging and indirect stimulatory actions on a variety of antioxidative enzymes which further promote its ability to reduce the toxicity of radicals and their associated reactants. Beer is an integral element of... | Melatonin present in the beer does contribute to the total antioxidative capability of human serum and moderate beer consumption can protect organism from overall oxidative stress. | yes |
19,272,743 | Does decreased Glasgow Coma Scale score mandate endotracheal intubation in the emergency department? | {
"contexts": [
"Decreased consciousness is a common reason for presentation to the emergency department (ED) and admission to acute hospital beds. In trauma, a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) of 8 or less indicates a need for endotracheal intubation. Some advocate a similar approach for other causes of decreased ... | This study suggests that it can be safe to observe poisoned patients with decreased consciousness, even if they have a GCS of 8 or less, in the ED. | no |
19,259,778 | Does paricalcitol reduce basal and lipopolysaccharide-induced ( LPS ) TNF-alpha and IL-8 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D and its analogues proved to exert immunomodulatory effects. Paricalcitol is a vitamin D analogue that is safe. It has been used for years in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients and, importantly, it is less calcemic than vitamin D. In this study the im... | The in vitro inhibition of transforming growth factor alpha and interleukin 8 by paricalcitol confirms the immunomodulatory properties of this vitamin D analogue. | yes |
19,260,027 | Does decreased cerebrospinal fluid Abeta ( 42 ) correlate with brain atrophy in cognitively normal elderly? | {
"contexts": [
"For therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to have the greatest impact, it will likely be necessary to treat individuals in the \"preclinical\" (presymptomatic) stage. Fluid and neuroimaging measures are being explored as possible biomarkers of AD pathology that could aid in identifying individua... | Reduction in CSF Abeta(42), likely reflecting Abeta aggregation in the brain, is associated with brain atrophy in the preclinical phase of AD. This suggests that there is toxicity associated with Abeta aggregation before the onset of clinically detectable disease. Increases in CSF tau (and ptau(181)) are later events t... | yes |
19,250,650 | Do reactive nitrogen species switch on early extracellular matrix remodeling via induction of MMP1 and TNFalpha? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver injury leads to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can react to produce peroxynitrite (ONOO-). We investigated whether ONOO- and its metabolites modulate extracellular matrix remodeling.",
"Stellate cells (HSC) were incubated with pure ONOO- or SIN-1 (a ONOO- dono... | ONOO- could induce a protective mechanism in HSC in early stages of liver injury. | yes |
19,255,409 | Does aPOE genotype modulate the effect of serum calcium levels on cognitive function in old age? | {
"contexts": [
"The APOE genotype and serum calcium levels have both been associated with cognitive impairment. Animal studies have shown variation in apoE isoforms to play a critical role in intraneuronal calcium homeostasis, but the contribution of this interaction to cognitive function in man is unknown. Here... | In old age, APOE genotype modulates the association between serum calcium levels and cognitive function. High serum calcium levels associate with worse cognitive function, especially in APOE epsilon4 allele carriers, but not in carriers of the epsilon2 allele. | yes |
19,255,406 | Does a lifetime psychiatric history predict a worse seizure outcome following temporal lobectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the psychiatric and epilepsy variables predictive of postsurgical seizure outcome after anterotemporal lobectomy (ATL).",
"Retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent ATL. The mean (+/- SD) follow-up period was 8.3 (+/- 3.1) year... | These data indicate that a lifetime psychiatric history may be predictive of a worse postsurgical seizure outcome after an anterotemporal lobectomy. | yes |
19,269,539 | Is sleep disturbance in haemodialysis patients closely related to depression? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship between depression and disturbed sleep in haemodialysis patients (HP), and its relative contribution in the development of reported sleep problems.",
"A total of 101 patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were assessed through the Athens Insomni... | Incorporating a standard assessment and eventually treatment of depressive symptoms into the care provided to haemodialysis patients might improve psychological well-being, insomnia and quality of life, and, consequently, reduce mortality risk in this population. | yes |
19,269,538 | Does prevalence and correlate of poor medication adherence amongst psychiatric outpatients in southwestern Nigeria? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess the rate of adherence to medications amongst psychiatric outpatients in Nigeria and examine factors associated with medication nonadherence amongst this group.",
"Psychiatric outpatients (n=342) from three centres were assessed for medication adherence usin... | The majority of psychiatric outpatients in southwestern Nigeria had poor medication adherence. Our findings stressed the importance of patients' perception and social environment in determining treatment adherence and the necessity of educating the patient. Clinicians' attention to psychological barriers early in treat... | yes |
19,258,405 | Is prematurity associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in adulthood? | {
"contexts": [
"In 2005, 12.7% of all babies were born preterm, and the incidence is rising. Nowadays, due to improved survival, an increasing number of children born preterm reach young adulthood. A recent report suggested lower insulin sensitivity in children born preterm, which may put them at risk for the de... | Contrary to our hypothesis, preterm birth was not associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in young adulthood. | no |
19,254,681 | Is intestinal vitamin D receptor required for normal calcium and bone metabolism in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-knockout mice develop severe hypocalcemia and rickets, accompanied by disruption of active intestinal calcium absorption. To specifically study the effects of VDR in intestinal calcium absorption, we investigated whether restoration of intestinal VDR is sufficient to reco... | Intestinal VDR and vitamin D-regulated intestinal calcium absorption are critical for controlling whole-body calcium metabolism in growing mice. Normalizing intestinal calcium absorption and metabolism reveals essential roles for VDR in control of bone formation and renal control of serum 1,25(OH)2D and urinary calcium... | yes |
19,272,785 | Does a newly designed thorax support vest prevent sternum instability after median sternotomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Sternum infection remains one of the primary causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality after median sternotomy. We report the clinical efficacy for primary reinforcement of the sternum with a new design of thorax support vest.",
"A prospective randomized study including 455 patients was... | The use of the Posthorax sternum vest shows a favourable outcome to prevent sternum instability after cardiac surgery. There was one reoperation in patients treated with this sternum vest compared to 16 in the control groups. | yes |
19,264,367 | Is radial artery graft flowmetry better than saphenous vein on postero-lateral wall? | {
"contexts": [
"Although general agreement exists on internal mammary graft as the first conduit, the second choice is still questioned. Despite radial artery (RA) grafting has been suggested, saphenous veins (SV) continue to be extensively used.",
"A prospective series of isolated RA-CABG (150 patients) or ... | RA-CABG demonstrated better TTF and GFR results compared to SV-CABG. These data may contribute to explain the survival benefit of arterial revascularization already reported. | yes |
19,247,716 | Do mDR1/P-gp and VEGF synergistically enhance the invasion of Hep-2 cells with multidrug resistance induced by taxol? | {
"contexts": [
"Tumor invasion/metastasis and multidrug resistance (MDR) are the main causes of treatment failure and high mortality in all kinds of cancer patients. The relationship between the two factors is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between MDR and invasion, especi... | MDR1/P-pg may be a risk predictor for the invasion of laryngeal cancer. MDR1 knock down and VEGFR-2 inhibitor may be two promising treatment regiments for advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients with MDR and invasion/metastasis. | yes |
19,258,436 | Is c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue but not nuclear factor-kappaB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells an independent determinant of insulin resistance in healthy individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic low-grade activation of the immune system (CLAIS) predicts type 2 diabetes via a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated potential relationships between nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways-two pathways proposed as the link betwe... | JNK1/2 activity in adipose tissue but not NF-kappaB activity in PBMCs is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in healthy individuals. | yes |
19,275,848 | Do novices outperform experienced laparoscopists on virtual reality laparoscopy simulator? | {
"contexts": [
"Virtual reality has been poorly studied among gynecologic surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performance on the Minimally Invasive Surgery Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) laparoscopic trainer reflects laparoscopic experience among gynecologic surgeons and trainees.",
"T... | Increased operating room experience and age were associated with worsening simulator performance. Several potential explanations for this trend are discussed, including lack of tactile and contextual feedback. Caution should be exercised when considering current virtual reality simulator technology as a measure of expe... | yes |
19,247,626 | Do [ Growth behavior of spiral ganglion explants on cochlear implant electrodes and their materials ]? | {
"contexts": [
"With the increasing use of cochlear implants (CIs), the insertion of alloplastic material into the inner ear is nowadays an established treatment for severe to profound hearing loss in children and adults. Beyond its widespread use, the biocompatibility of the CI electrode and its interaction wit... | The biocompatibility of CI materials with spiral ganglion neurons was shown in this study, but it differs with different CI materials. Besides the material itself, the arrangement of the materials can affect the neurite extension. | yes |
19,247,502 | Is cFTR a negative regulator of NFkappaB mediated innate immune response? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysfunctional CFTR in the airways is associated with elevated levels of NFkappaB mediated IL-8 signaling leading to neutrophil chemotaxis and chronic lung inflammation in cystic fibrosis. The mechanism(s) by which CFTR mediates inflammatory signaling is under debate.",
"We tested the hypothes... | Our data suggest that CFTR is a negative regulator of NFkappaB mediated innate immune response and its localization to lipid rafts is involved in control of inflammation. | yes |
19,275,777 | Does overexpression of cyclin E messenger ribonucleic acid in nasopharyngeal carcinoma correlate with poor prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is required for the degradation of p27 protein, which is a negative regulator of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex. The present study examined the expression of cyclin E, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 and p27 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma."... | Overexpression of cyclin E messenger ribonucleic acid showed an adverse prognostic significance, correlating with an advanced stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a low overall survival rate. | yes |
19,249,502 | Is neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin a new and sensitive marker of kidney function in chronic kidney disease patients and renal allograft recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Few biomarkers exist to monitor chronic kidney disease (CKD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of lipocalin family, has recently been proven useful to quantitate CKD. The aim of the study was to assess whether NGAL could represent a novel, sensitive marker of kidney fun... | NGAL should be investigated as a potential early, sensitive marker of kidney impairment/injury, which might provide an additional accurate measure of kidney impairment in CKD and among transplant recipients, particularly at advanced stages. | yes |
19,254,906 | Does budesonide improve decreased airway conductance in infants with respiratory symptoms? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used to treat wheezing disorders in children, but few studies have investigated the effect of ICS on lung function in infants. We evaluated the efficacy of inhaled budesonide for decreased specific airway conductance (sGaw) as an indication of bronchial ... | Treatment with inhaled budesonide for 6 weeks improved sGaw in young children with chronic cough or wheeze and bronchial obstruction. | yes |
19,262,074 | Does antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli isolate from urinary specimens? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to characterize urinary isolates of Escherichia coli that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and to determine the prevalence of other antimicrobial resistance genes.",
"A total of 264 non-duplicate clinical isolates of E. coli were recovered from urine s... | CTX-M enzymes were the dominant type of ESBLs in urinary isolates of E. coli, and ESBL-producing isolates frequently contained other antimicrobial resistance genes. More than half of the urinary E. coli isolates harboring CTX-M enzymes were within the phylogenetic group B2. | yes |
19,247,489 | Does micro-environmental mechanical stress control tumor spheroid size and morphology by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Compressive mechanical stress produced during growth in a confining matrix limits the size of tumor spheroids, but little is known about the dynamics of stress accumulation, how the stress affects cancer cell phenotype, or the molecular pathways involved.",
"We co-embedded single cancer cells... | Our results provide detailed, quantitative insight into the role of micro-environmental mechanical stress in tumor spheroid growth dynamics, and suggest how tumors grow in confined locations where the level of solid stress becomes high. An important implication is that apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, induced b... | yes |
19,258,382 | Does r-568 reduce ectopic calcification in a rat model of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder ( CKD-MBD )? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a newly defined disorder in patients with CKD, describes the interacting triad of (1) biochemical abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH), (2) extraskeletal calcification and (3) abnormal bone.",
"We studied th... | Thus, R-568, with or without Ca, improved the biochemical abnormalities of hyperparathyroidism but with higher and lower calcium levels, respectively, compared with controls. However, R-568 + Ca had more dramatic improvement in bone volume, but more extraskeletal calcification than R-568 alone. This complexity demonstr... | yes |
19,258,388 | Is genetic variation in the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene associated with susceptibility to IgA nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"There is growing evidence of genetic risk for susceptibility to IgA nephropathy. Among several candidate genes related to immunological regulation in renal tissue, TGFB1 is known to be a contributor to proliferation and the development of fibrosis.",
"We analysed several SNPs in a region of t... | Our experimental data together with the meta-analysis suggest TGFB1 as an important candidate gene for further biological studies of IgA nephropathy and as a possible target for therapy. Our data also indicate a possibility of a gender effect in the genetic background of IgA nephropathy. | yes |
19,257,986 | Is [ Suppression of murine EAE by triptolide related to downregulation of INF-gamma and upregulation of IL-10 secretion in splenic lymphocytes ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the therapeutic effectivity and the possible mechanism of triptolide (Tri) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).",
"All female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into EAE group (28), Tri treated group (20) and adjuvant group (18). Mice in EAE and treated groups were i... | Tri is an effective drug in suppressing murine EAE. This suppression is supposed to be related to downregulation of INF-gamma and upregulation of IL-10 secretion in splenic lymphocytes. | yes |
19,267,158 | Does measurement of uterine radiation exposure from lymphoscintigraphy indicate safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy during pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an increased incidence of breast cancer occurring during pregnancy. Controversy exists as to the safety of performing lymphoscintigraphy during pregnancy and no studies have reported the measured dose of uterine radiation.",
"We performed an institutional review board (IRB)-approved ... | The measured uterine dose of radiation from lymphoscintigraphy for SLNB was significantly less than the average daily background radiation. We conclude that lymphoscintigraphy does not expose the fetus to significant radiation and concern of radiation exposure should not preclude the use of SLNB during pregnancy. | yes |
19,273,570 | Are higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy associated with increased risk for miscarriage , fetal or neonatal death? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between maternal TSH and free thyroxine (FT(4)) concentrations in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death.",
"Cohort study of 2497 Dutch women. TSH, FT(4), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations were determined at first bookin... | In a cohort of pregnant women without overt thyroid dysfunction, the risk of child loss increased with higher levels of maternal TSH. Maternal FT(4) concentrations and child loss were not associated. | yes |
19,272,183 | Does dihydroartemisinin ( DHA ) induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma ASTC-a-1 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua, is recommended as the first-line anti-malarial drug with low toxicity. DHA has been shown to possess promising anticancer activities and induce cancer cell death throu... | These results show for the first time that DHA can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis via caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial death pathway in ASTC-a-1 cells. Our work may provide evidence for further studies of DHA as a possible anticancer drug in the clinical treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. | yes |
19,255,713 | Do transorbital penetrating head injury by a toilet brush handle? | {
"contexts": [
"Transorbital penetrating brain injuries are rare lesions without defined therapy standards.",
"A male patient presented at our institution with a toilet brush handle in the right cerebral hemisphere. CT imaging identified the object entering the right orbit and having crossed the right hemisp... | Transorbital penetrating brain injuries are treated best by utilizing all up-to-date technical developments such as intraoperative CT-scanning to increase the safety in the management of such exceptional lesions with increased risk of immediate life-threatening intracranial bleeding. | yes |
19,276,260 | Does neamine inhibit prostate cancer growth by suppressing angiogenin-mediated rRNA transcription? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiogenin (ANG) undergoes nuclear translocation and stimulates rRNA transcription in both prostate cancer cells and endothelial cells. The purpose of this study is to assess the antitumor activity of neamine, a nontoxic degradation product of neomycin that blocks nuclear translocation of ANG.",
... | We confirmed that ANG is a molecular target for cancer drug development and that blocking nuclear translocation of ANG is an effective means to inhibit its activity. Our results also suggested that neamine is a lead compound for further preclinical evaluation. | yes |
19,276,263 | Does apo2L/TRAIL inhibit tumor growth and bone destruction in a murine model of multiple myeloma? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease, for which the development of new therapeutic approaches is required. Here, we report on the efficacy of recombinant soluble Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to inhibit tumor progression and bone destruction in a xenoge... | This is the first in vivo study that investigates the efficacy of recombinant Apo2L/TRAIL on myeloma burden within the bone microenvironment and associated myeloma-induced bone destruction. Our findings that recombinant soluble Apo2L/TRAIL reduces myeloma burden within the bone microenvironment and protects the bone fr... | yes |
19,258,354 | Is memory performance related to amyloid and tau pathology in the hippocampus? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relation of amyloid and tau pathology in the hippocampal formation to decline in memory and other cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD).",
"Regression models were used to relate semiquantitative measurements of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neu... | This study implicates both amyloid deposition and tau pathology in the hippocampus as an early and late cause of decline in memory function over time in AD. Memory performance appears to be specifically related to the amount of amyloid plaques, NFTs and NTs in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. | yes |
19,258,085 | Is metabolic syndrome an independent risk factor for stroke and acute renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting? | {
"contexts": [
"Metabolic syndrome is common among patients having coronary artery bypass grafting. However, it remains unclear whether it has a significant impact on postoperative complications. We aimed to determine whether metabolic syndrome negatively influences the postoperative outcomes of coronary artery ... | This study showed the clinical importance of metabolic syndrome with respect to postoperative stroke and acute renal failure in patients having coronary artery bypass grafting. Like many established risk factors for postoperative complications, metabolic syndrome should be recognized as a novel risk factor for adverse ... | yes |
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