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Main Document Index | ETOL Home Page | RH Vol.2 No.4 On the Nature of Revolution by Zheng Chaolin From Revolutionary History, Vol.2 No.4, Spring 1990. Used by permission. On the Nature of Revolution is an extract from an article published in the bulletin of the minority tendency of the Chinese Trotskyist movement, the ... |
They opposed Lenin’s new line in the April Theses, and maintained their slogan of the ‘democratic dictatorship of the workers and peasants’. Let us turn to China. The Guomindang is not against all revolutions. It opposes only a proletarian Socialist revolution in China. Indeed, it massacred the worker and peasant masse... |
Why is a general definition not sufficient in this situation? Why is it not possible to determine the character of a revolution by its tasks? As Lenin had said, it was not certain at that time whether the peasants would follow the lead of the proletariat or the bourgeoisie. To solve the land question, the proletariat h... |
Even assuming that an agrarian revolution in China could be realised as it was in Russia, would we still consider land reform as a bourgeois democratic task? Yes, if we use a sociological definition. Both Lenin and Trotsky had always maintained this. However, we should cast off sociological viewpoints and examine histo... |
Main Document Index | ETOL Home Page Chen Duxiu and the Trotskyists by Zheng Chaolin Contents Part One: From the Moscow Group to the Chen Duxiu Group The Cadres Who Returned from Moscow in 1924 The Theory of National Revolution The Central Force in the Party The Moscow Group Splits Part Two From the Chen Duxiu Group to... |
Li Longzhi (who later changed his name to Li Lisan), Liu Shaoqi, and Xiang Delong (who later called himself Xiang Ying), all three of whom had worked in the labour movement in the South, didn’t belong to the “National Trade Union group” so they were more prepared to cooperate with the “Moscow people”. Li Weihan, the Pr... |
Striving for proletarian hegemony was mere cosmetics, as the comments of senior members of the CCP clearly show. Peng Shuzhi, who imported the theory to China said that hegemony over the revolution “naturally” belonged to the proletariat so there was no need to strive for it; Qu Qiubai exposed this belief of Peng’s in ... |
How did Peng manage to force Luo to share the leadership of the Moscow people? After their bedside talk, Peng decided to enter Baolong Hospital and arranged for Luo to move into the Propaganda Department building, where Luo slept on Peng’s bed. Before going to the hospital Peng told me to lock his desk-drawer and not t... |
Before Chen Yannian took up his post in Guangzhou, in the summer of 1924, Borodin instigated Qu Qiubai (then staying in Guangzhou) to deal with the Guomindang in the name of the CCP, but many of Qu’s speeches and actions did not tally with the Central Committee’s position. Chen Duxiu and Cai Hesen in Shanghai were very... |
Those of us who continued to support Chen learned early on to despise Peng Shuzhi as mean, dull-witted, vain, and unable to work together with other people. I wasn’t the only one who thought like this. So did Wang Ruofei, Chen Qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan, and above all Luo Yinong. Whenever Peng’s name came up, none of us lik... |
The only exception was Chen Qiaonian, who became Secretary of the Central Committee’s Organisational Bureau. By the way, here’s an interesting anecdote. Although Li Weihan wasn’t among those people who had been in Moscow, like them he had in the past supported Chen Duxiu. During the Congress he at one point told Wang R... |
In late September, when the Central Committee transferred back to Shanghai, I was formally appointed editor of the Party journal. In Shanghai the Central Committee had originally appointed Deng Zhongxia as Secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee, but the cadres of the Committee were Chen Duxiu supporters who igno... |
Chen slept in Huang’s room. That evening I organized a dinner for to Shanghai in late September. Qu Qiubai and Luo Yinong were still Chen, Qu, Luo, Wang Ruofei, and some other guests. The next day Qu and Luo had their talk with Chen. I had some private business, so I did not attend. On the fourth day Huang took Chen ba... |
He wrote them under the name Sa Weng, meaning “Old Man Sa”. 433 I guess he wanted to say by using that name that he’d never again play any role in the leadership of the CCP. Apart from Inch of Iron, he also wrote some ballads satirising the Guomindang. Each issue of Bolshevik contained one or more of these spacefillers... |
I and Jing moved out of the Central Committee office and went to stay with Cai Zhende. Zhang Yisen, the wife of He Zishen, was living in the small room with her baby daughter, not yet weaned. He Zishen himself had been sent to Shandong on Party business, though the Central Committee had at the same time warned the Prov... |
Why were we against the Central Committee? From my own point of view there were four main reasons. First, the reproaches made at and after the August 7 Conference against the Central Committee represented by Chen Duxiu were unfair. The defeat of the revolution wasn’t Chen’s fault. Chen was simply carrying out the line ... |
After discussing and exchanging ideas for just a week or two, we basically became Trotskyists. But Chen Duxiu held out for longer than the rest of us. At the same time as Yin Kuan gave Trotsky’s mimeographed articles to us (Cai Zhende and his wife Wang Tahoe Zheng Chaolin and his wife Wu Ginger, and Ma Yufu) to read, h... |
Peng says that he got hold of Results and Prospects and After the Sixth Congress from some Trotskyist students who had returned from Moscow and showed them to Chen. What actually happened is that Yin Kuan got them from Wang Pingyi, 438 Yin gave them to Peng, and Peng gave them to Chen. Peng deliberately obscured Yin’s ... |
So I spent almost a whole year personally reflecting on those events. Although I did not thoroughly grasp the lessons of the defeat in time, and failed to discover a new way forward, I am deeply aware on the basis of my own experience that this defeat was the inevitable outcome of the entire political line of the past ... |
Evelyn Roy The Metamorphosis of Mr C. Das Source: Labour Monthly, Vol. 4, June 1923, No. 6, pp. 363-376. Transcription: Ted Crawford HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. P... |
His speech at Dehra Dun, the statement to the Press at Amraoti, and the statement of policy in Calcutta appear to have been incorporated bodily in this wider and all-comprehensive document, wherein its author conscientiously attempts to indicate a new path for the national movement to follow. Of greater interest than i... |
Das then goes on to declare that his ideal of nationality must not be confused with that conception which exists in Europe to-day:— Nationalism in Europe is an aggressive nationalism, a selfish nationalism, a commercial nationalism of gain and loss—that is European nationalism. And in contradistinction to this horrid s... |
The great French Revolution, the English Revolutions of 1640 and 1688, the American and the Italian Revolutions were successful, in that a new class came to power, shaping its own political institutions in accordance with the dictates of its economic needs and interests. Modern bourgeois democracy is not the Utopia dre... |
If decentralisation is desired, why seek to revive the Panchayet? Its own natural extinction in the process of evolving society is the best proof of its own unfitness to survive. The very desire to hark back to an imagined Golden Age is but an indication of Utopianism on the part of Mr. Das and his fellow-worshippers o... |
While the question of Council entry was a secondary consideration in Mr. Das’s programme, the whole issue of the Gaya Congress turned upon this disputed point, and to the new faction which unexpectedly swelled the ranks of the “Congress-Khilafat-Swaraj Party” this question was all-important and supreme. Wherefore we fi... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy The Colonies The Struggle of the Akali Sikhs in the Punjab (13 October 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 88, 13 October 1922, pp. 669–670. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archi... |
There are upwards of three hundred of these shrines scattered throughout the province, dedicated to the memory of the ten Gurus, and used as places of worship by the people. Up till now, these Gurdwaras, or shrines, have been in the keeping of rich and corrupt Mahants or guardians, some holding their office by heredita... |
The Government has openly declared its position. The efforts of the Akalis to take possession of the shrines will be resisted by all the resources of the state. The sacred rights of private property are declared to be in jeopardy, and a deputation of the mahants to the Government protesting against the action of the Ak... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy Politics Mr. Montagu, Martyr (22 March 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 27, 15 April 1922, p. 203. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2020). You may freely copy, distrib... |
Evelyn Roy Letter to Henk Sneevliet Source: Transcribed from a photocopy contained in the Evelyn Trent Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Thursday 4-9-24. Dear Jack Horner[1] � Arrived and was safely met. It is very peaceful here and I like Com. Betsy very much. But I am not peaceful and am f... |
Evelyn Roy An Indian Communist Manifesto Written: Drafted in Berlin, en route from Mexico to Moscow for the II Congress of the Comintern. First Published: Glasgow Socialist, 24 June 1920. Source: Transcription sent by British intelligence agents, contained in "Nai-HPD, August 1920, File No. 110, Weekly Report of the Di... |
The tremendous strength which imperialistic capitalism derives from extensive colonial possessions rich in natural resources and cheap human labour must no longer be ignored. So long as India and other subject countries remain helpless victims of capitalist exploitation and the British capitalist is sure of his absolut... |
Evelyn Roy Letter to Henk Sneevliet Source: Transcribed from a photocopy contained in the Evelyn Trent Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Paris Dec. 9 [1924] Dear Jack Horner,[1] Got your letter through the comrade. The Com. who came from Hamburg did not bring any news from you. He said that ... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy The Colonies Mota Singh, Leader of the Indian Peasants (1 September 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 75, 1 September 1922, pp. 563–564. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive... |
The daily misery of his people ate into his thoughts, but these found no outward expression until the dramatic march of the northern peasantry on that April day in 1910, to Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, to protest against the passing of the Rowlett Bill which placed all India under martial law. The peaceful demonstrati... |
Mota Singh lies in prison, but his spirit walks abroad among the Indian workers and peasants, who will rear up new leaders in his likeness to break their chains of slavery. The international fellowship of workers throughout the world greet Mota Singh as one of them. Top of the page Last updated on 31 August 2020 |
Evelyn Roy Indian Political Exiles in France Source: Labour Monthly, Vol. VII, April 1925, No. 4. Transcription/HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit “Marxist... |
A third case, now occupying the attention of the Indian public, is that of Mr. Moti Lal Roy, political exile in Chandernagore from British India, the founder of an Ashram or religious school, and editor of a newspaper Prabartak. Mr. Mod Lal Roy is a highly religious man, whose pupils revere him as a “guru” or spiritual... |
Evelyn Roy The Revolution in Central Asia—The Struggle for Power in Holy Bokhara, pt. II Source: Labour Monthly, Vol. 6, September 1924, No. 9, pp. 557-565. Transcription: Ted Crawford HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work... |
His Majesty at first refused this valuable offer of assistance because the Mussulmans of his own state were against accepting any British help so long as the Treaty of S�vres remained unaltered. This was a bit of Islamic solidarity which the Commander of the Faithful very soon regretted, and by 1918 he found a way to r... |
The terms of this Treaty2 include the following provisions: That the British will restore the Amir to his throne, and unite Samarcand with Bokhara; in return for this service, His Majesty’s Government would receive mining and other concessions in Bokhara, and British officers would control the government institutions o... |
The relations between the Bokharan People’s Soviet Republic and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, to which it is federated, are of the closest co-operation, friendship and confidence. It is fully realised by the leaders of Young Bokhara, as well as by the masses, that had it not been for the great Russian Revolu... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy The Awakening of India (5 May 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 32/33, 5 May 1922, pp. 247–248. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2020). You may freely copy, distribute,... |
Both were closely watched by the Government. Both passed almost identical demands. The Trade Union Congress, besides advancing an economic program lfor the redress of workers’ grievances and the betterment of their miserable condition, declared that the only true cure for the workers’ ills lay in the attainment of Swar... |
Evelyn Roy The Truth about the Sikh Rebellion Source: The Communist, November 18, 1922, pp. 4–6. Publisher: Communist Party Great Britain. Transcription: Ted Crawford. HTML Markup: Brian Reid. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as mak... |
In 1918, the Sikh League wars formed to give political expression to this growing unrest, and in 1920 the Sikh community formally allied itself with the Indian National Congress, to win Swaraj by means of Non-violent Non-co-operation, including non-payment of rent and taxes. The Akalis, who were the most aggressive mem... |
They were sentenced on a charge of theft to six months’ imprisonment and a heavy fine. Next day five more volunteers were called for and they came in hundreds, then in thousands. The railroads, by Government order, refused to carry them, and so they walked, swinging along the high-roads in organized formation, singing ... |
Evelyn Roy The Funeral Ceremony at Gaya Source: Labour Monthly, Vol. 4, April 1923, No. 4, pp. 218-228. Transcription: Ted Crawford HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Pl... |
The second discordant note was struck by no less a person than the President-elect of the Congress, Mr. C.R. Das, newly-released from six months’ confinement in gaol, who after the report of the Civil Disobedience Committee, saw fit to deliver himself of two speeches which set the whole country by the ears. In addition... |
Communists throughout the world, he assured his brother delegates, were with India in her battle for freedom. In a manifesto issued just before the Congress, Mr. Singaravelu stressed the necessity of adopting an economic programme which would include the immediate grievances of the Indian workers and peasants within it... |
This heroic gesture of defiance before the Government, the Councils, and the world was presented on the last day of the Congress without having been fully discussed in the Subjects Committee, where it was proposed for the first time late on the previous night, and in the absence of some of the leaders. Mr. Rajagopalach... |
Evelyn Roy Some Facts About the Bombay Strike Source: Labour Monthly Vol. VI, May 1924, No. 5. Transcription/HTML: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit “Marxists Internet... |
They are unable to pay their rent for the miserable rooms in which they huddle by tens and dozens in the infamous Bombay Chawls (tenements). The workers have never possessed any material resources to carry them from one day to the next, nor any central fund to maintain them in time of strike. They are sticking to their... |
This Committee held three sittings, extended over a period of two weeks. Appointed on February 29, it published its findings on March 12, five days after the events of March 7, when protest meetings of the strikers were fired upon by the police, resulting in five killed, four wounded and thirteen arrests. The decision ... |
MIA > Archive > M.N. Roy M.N. & E. Roy The Colonies A Review of the Indian Situation (10 November 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 97, 10 November 1922, pp. 757–760. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2021).... |
Das in August, while the striking city workers and riotous peasantry were too bewildered by the Congress injunctions to refrain from all manifestations of discontent, and too oppressed by the watchful forces of the Government, to take up their economic struggle independently of Congress leading strings. This period of ... |
The right wing opposition signalized its earnestness by resuming practice in the law-courts, preaching the participation in elections through the columns of its press, and resigning from congress committees where the views of its members constituted a minority. Maharashtra is the seat of this opposition. The Elements o... |
The gradual Indianization of the Civil Service, now manned in the higher posts almost exclusively by Englishmen, has been one of the oldest planks in the Moderate platform, and was incorporated as a part of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform Scheme. But the slightest attempt at the execution of this clause met with loud how... |
The cases cited are but a few of the more conspicuous of the industrial unrest once more sweeping the country, – of lesser strikes involving a few thousand men and lasting from a few days to several weeks, there are more than can be enumerated. Most of the fights end in compromise, – bad organization, traitorous leader... |
Punitive police were stationed in those districts where unrest prevailed. Conflicts with the armed forces of the state, ending in many casualties, and wholesale arrests for the slightest breach of peace, with a declaration of martial law in the disturbed areas, brought temporary quiet. But late in the summer, towards t... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy E. Roy The Colonies The Debacle of Gandhism (8 September 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 77, 8 September 1922, pp. 578–580. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2020). You may freel... |
Gandhi in the Ahmedabad Congress, who “left the door to negotiations open”, and again in the Conference held in Bombay on Jan. 15th, in which definite terms were laid down for the calling of a Round Table Conference, in conformity with the Viceroy’s speech; that the Government cease its arrests and release all prisoner... |
That the movement was spreading rapidly is proven by the fact that loyal officials began to resign in large numbers because of their inability to collect the revenue, as well as by the official reports, which show large sums outstanding which the officials were unable to collect from the peasantry. District magistrates... |
Evelyn Roy The Debacle of Gandhism Source: The Communist Review, November 1922, Vol. 3, No. 7. Publisher: Communist Party of Great Britain Transcription/Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2006). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and comm... |
In this desire of Mr. Gandhi to arbitrate lay the secret of his defeat. Lord Reading discovered that Mr. Gandhi was, no less unwilling than himself to call into action the sanguinary, forces of the Indian masses. This was amply demonstrated by his overgrowing insistence upon the creed of Non-violence at the expense of ... |
Extra police were recruited at the expense of the population, but those paying taxes before the prescribed date would be exempt from this liability. Military police were called out in Assam to assist collections, but were met with resistance by the people. Conflicts between the police and the people became a daily occu... |
Gandhi. While the Nationalist Press on the whole supported Mr. Gandhi in his volte-face, and local Congress Committees immediately began to put the Bardoli Resolutions into practice, a section of Extremist opinion found itself outraged by the sudden retreat from the Ahmedabad decisions. Some Mahratta newspapers critici... |
In a word, the Imperialists stole Mr. Gandhi’s thunder, and hoped thereby to split the strength of the Indian Extremists. The Paris Conference, duly presided over by Lord Curzon, who had his instructions, granted most of the things that Indian Muslims had clamoured for. But the result has been somewhat disappointing. S... |
Mr. Gandhi had become a problem to his own movement, and lo! the British Government, in its infinite wisdom, relieved them of the problem. Mr. Gandhi out of jail was an acknowledged force of peace, a sure enemy of violence in all its forms. Mr. Gandhi in jail is a powerful factor for unrest, a symbol of national martyr... |
Evelyn Roy The Famine in Russia How the Capitalist States Helped Source: Communist Review Vol. III, August 1922, No. 4. Publisher: Communist Party Great Britain. Transcription/HTML: Brian Reid. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as ma... |
Meanwhile, from Samara, the Urals, and the regions of the Volga, a migration of peoples set out blindly, as in ages past, towards north, east, south and west, searching for food. Those who remained were those whose little store of food still held out, or who believed that the promised help would arrive in time to save ... |
(5,000,000 fr. in army stores) 6,000,000 lire 30,000,000 kr. 1,500,000 kr. 750,000 fr. 500,000 kr. 1,000,000 kr. 140,000 poods flour and rice 50,000 poods flour 100,000 poods flour 100,000 fr. 10,000,000 Es. mks. 5,000 pesetas 10,000 roubles gold 20,000,000 dollars 15,000,000 dollars 6,000 roubles gold 100,000 fr. 72,4... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy Political Prisoners in India (19 April 1923) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 3 No. 33 [15], 19 April 1923, pp. 284–285. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2021). You may freely cop... |
Evelyn Roy Mahatma GandhiRevolutionary or Counter-Revolutionary? A Reply to Romain Rolland and Henri Barbusse Source: Labour Monthly Vol. V, September 1923, No. 3. Publisher: 162 Buckingham Palace Road, London., S.W.1 Transcription/HTML: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2006). You may freely copy, d... |
Rolland, in his enthusiasm for the new prophet that is to save the world, has taken too much for granted as to the rôle of Mr. Gandhi in the Indian Nationalist Movement, and has been too hasty in his conclusion, vital to prove his own thesis, that that movement has already attained its goal, or is indisputably about to... |
Here stands the revolutionary exposed in his true colours as a timid social reformer, terrified at the greatness of the movement he was called upon to lead, and endeavouring vainly to crush it within the limits of his own reactionary philosophy. The result of Chauri Chaura and the shameful retreat of Bardoli, which M. ... |
Mr. Gandhi is the new Messiah who has appeared to lead this spiritual warfare, waged not only on behalf of India, but of the entire world. India’s triumph will be a world triumph of the forces of light over darkness, of spirit over matter, of God over Satan. With such a conception of the Indian struggle for freedom we ... |
Evelyn Roy Letter to Henk Sneevliet Source: Transcribed from a copy contained in the Evelyn Trent Collection, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Mar. 13th [1927] My dear Jack Horner.[1] Your letter was more than welcome, as I had given up all idea of receiving any word from you, and especially, because I... |
I want you to understand that I have recanted nothing. Made no confessions or concessions. No one has molested me openly. I have been left alone, but of course watched to a certain extent. As long as I remain strictly aloof from all political activity, I think I will not be bothered. At first I thought it would be impo... |
One should work in the country to which one naturally belongs by birth and associations and understanding. Best wishes to Sima, Simushka and the Langkempers. Also to all old friends at 101 Nassaukade. Much love to yourself and write me from time to time. I love to hear from you. It is the only link I have with the past... |
Evelyn Roy The Fourth Anniversary of the Red Army in Moscow Source: The Communist Review, June 1922, Vol. 3, No. 2. Publisher: Communist Party of Great Britain Transcription/Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2006). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as mak... |
a soldier with a ‘vosh’ (louse) is only half a soldier. Ignorance and prejudice is the inner vosh that weakens the human being much more than the outer one; we must therefore raise the moral standard and enlightenment of the army; it must understand the Soviet Constitution and its internal problems as well as foreign p... |
the gleam and flutter of the red banners; the plain uniforms of officers and men, adorned only by the Soviet insignia, a crossed gun and hammer; the white aeroplanes painted with a red star, and the formidable tanks each bearing a name allegorical and meaningful, such as “The Paris Commune,” “The Fighter for Freedom,” ... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy Polemics and Discussions Looking for New Illusions (6 September 1923) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 3 No. 59 [37], 6 September 1923, pp. 657–658. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archiv... |
Rolland, Gandhi has already scored a moral victory, which will very soon be followed (on this point he is vague but positive) by the granting of Home Rule for India, on the part of the British Government. “I am of the opinion, moreover”, he declares, “that this political ideal (Swaraj) will be attained promptly.” Of co... |
Was it not this same Mahatma who denounced the riotous villagers of Chauri Chaura, and ordered them to give themselves up for judgment, which they did, and two hundred and twenty-eight of them were condemned to death! Was it not the Mahatma who called a halt to Civil Disobedience, and who forced through the Bardoli Res... |
MIA > Archive > Evelyn Roy Evelyn Roy The Colonies The Forces Beneath the Present Lull in India (15 September 1922) From International Press Correspondence, Vol. 2 No. 79, 15 September 1922, pp. 595–596. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O’Callaghan for the Marxists’ Internet Archive. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Ar... |
Any revision of the Constructive Program of Bardoli is, they argue, an act of treason to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi, and of disloyalty to the Congress. The center is the party of stagnation, which is being buffeted between right and left. The increasing resumption by former non-cooperating lawyers of their law-practi... |
Evelyn Roy Politics in Gaya Source: The Communist International, 1923, No. 24, pp. 69-81 (6,703 words) Transcription: Ted Crawford HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Ple... |
Mahatma Gandhi and twenty-five thousand faithful followers fill the Government “hotels” as a reward for having followed the injunctions of Non-Violent Non-Co-operation based on Soul-Force. The middle-classes, once the vanguard of the National Movement, are divided among themselves and weak in their counsels as to the f... |
The serious agrarian upheavals of 1920-21 in the United Provinces were stilled by the passage of a Land Act and by the “exemplary” punishment of the openly rebellious such as the recent wholesale condemnation of 172 villagers implicated in the riot of Chauri Chaura to death by hanging! In such an atmosphere, then, of s... |
A clue to this otherwise inexplicable concern of the representatives of 250,000,000 Hindu for the success at arms of the Moslem Turks and the preservation of the Holy Places of Islam under Turkish control, is to be found it the fanatic zeal of the 70,000,000 Indian Moslems, determined to assist their brothers in the Fa... |
The main bone of contention—that of Councilentry—was debated exclusively from the point of view, on the part of the orthodox No-Changers as to whether Mahatma Gandhi would sanction such a departure from the policy laid down by him at Ahmedabad and confirmed at Calcutta. In the words of Mr. Rajagopalacharya, known to th... |
It remains to be seen whether the present resolution will be taken more literally. VI A curious feature of all Indian National Congress Sessions, and in fact, of the whole nationalist movement, is its relationship to the politico-religious agitation over the Islamic Khilafat, to which the 70,000,000 Indian Mussulmans a... |
means of drawing the two great religious communities closer in the national struggle. But the deepening of religious issues is indicated by the very significant resolution of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha (an orthodox body of Hindu Conservatives which also held its annual conference at Gaya), “to organise in all villag... |
The Sradh at Gaya is over, and the door on the past two years of Non-Violent Non-Co-operation based upon Soul-Force is closed and sealed for ever. The ghost of Gandhism is released from its earthly moorings, and Indian politics is freed from its spiritual bondage to pursue its temporal course, for better or for worse, ... |
Evelyn Roy The Revolution in Central Asia—The Struggle for Power in Holy Bokhara, pt. I Source: Labour Monthly, Vol. 6, July 1924, No. 7, pp. 403-410. Transcription: Ted Crawford HTML Markup: Brian Reid Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as w... |
The “Appeal” set forth in extremely vivid and picturesque language the “low and abominable character” of Bolshevik policy in Central Asia, which had abolished the independent governments of the Bashkirs and the Usbecks, “flooding the entire country with the blood of hundreds of thousands of Mussulmans”—“the Red Army bo... |
Russian capital ruled uncontrolled, enjoying every guarantee, while native capital had none. After the construction of the Trans-Caspian Railway, an immense trade developed between Central Asia and Batoum on the Black Sea, to which a branch railway ran, connecting it with the Trans-Caspian. For one hundred and fifty mi... |
(9) The Government of Bokhara is ready to cease all friendship with the Afghans and Persians and Turks and Khivans and to be exclusively under the control of the Government of Great Britain. (10) The Government of Bokhara pledges itself not to bring its wares on the European market and not to trade in them, without the... |
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