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"description": "Wellbench is a synthetic well-log benchmark for pore-pressure prediction research. This release contains 18 CSV files covering 9 wells (3 each in zones 1, 2, 3) generated by two synthesis methods: a deterministic physics-based engine and a CTGAN baseline. Each row is a depth sample with gamma-ray, sonic, density, and resistivity logs, plus derived hydrostatic pressure, overburden, normal compaction trend, and pore pressure (Eaton method) as the regression target. The wells correspond to fields in the Eastern Potwar Basin (Pakistan): Missa Keswal (zone 1), Pindori (zone 2), and Joyamair / Minwal (zone 3).",
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"rai:dataLimitations": "All 18 CSVs are synthetic. The physics partition is bound by the assumptions of the deterministic generator (1D effective-stress / Eaton model, region-specific calibration, and idealized lithology) and does not reproduce drilling artifacts, washouts, tool noise, invasion, gas effects, fractures, or salt. The CTGAN partition inherits the limitations of the physics partition (since it was trained on it) and additionally exhibits the typical failure modes of tabular GANs: depth ordering is not preserved, vertical autocorrelation between adjacent samples is weakened, and tail values can be mis-calibrated. Geographic coverage is limited to nine wells across three Eastern Potwar Basin (Pakistan) fields; results obtained on wellbench should not be extrapolated to other basins, deep-water plays, unconventional reservoirs, or HPHT environments without further validation. Sample size is small (9 wells per partition) and is intended for benchmarking and reproducibility studies, not for training production models. Wellbench is explicitly not recommended for: operational drilling decisions, real-time pore-pressure monitoring, regulatory submissions, casing-design qualification, or any safety-critical use. Additional notes: limited to 5 regions (mostly Pakistan + North Sea); assumes single-fluid Archie and single-lithology compaction; not recommended for ultra-deep drilling, multi-fluid reservoirs, or cross-basin deployment.",
"rai:dataBiases": "Selection bias: the five regional calibrations and the nine wells in this release were chosen for tractability and public availability of analog parameters, not for statistical representativeness of global subsurface conditions. Coverage is concentrated in onshore Pakistan, with smaller coverage of Bering Sea and North Sea analogs in the wider wellbench generator (not all of which are uploaded here). Generator bias: the physics engine encodes the modeller's assumptions about normal-compaction behavior and the validity of the Eaton method for pore-pressure inference; basins or formations where these assumptions fail will be under-represented. CTGAN bias: the GAN was trained on the physics partition and therefore amplifies any structural bias already present there; it does not introduce independent real-well variability. Class/range imbalance: most depth samples sit in normal-pressure intervals, so over-pressured zones are under-represented relative to their operational importance; models trained directly on the unbalanced data may underestimate high-pressure risk. Additional notes: heavy skew toward onshore oil & gas wells in the Eastern Potwar Basin; CTGAN samples concentrate near training records, and well-level variance dominates method-level variance.",
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},
{
"@id": "physics-zone1-missa02"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone1-missa03"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone2-pindori1"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone2-pindori2"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone2-pindori3"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone3-joyamair4"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone3-minwal2"
},
{
"@id": "physics-zone3-minwalx1"
}
],
"includes": "*.csv"
},
{
"@type": "cr:FileSet",
"@id": "ctgan-csvs",
"name": "ctgan-csvs",
"description": "9 CSV files generated by the CTGAN baseline, organized as CTGAN_synthetic_data/zone_{1,2,3}/synth_<WELL>.csv.",
"encodingFormat": "text/csv",
"containedIn": [
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone1-missa01"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone1-missa02"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone1-missa03"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone2-pindori1"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone2-pindori2"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone2-pindori3"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone3-joyamair4"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone3-minwal2"
},
{
"@id": "ctgan-zone3-minwalx1"
}
],
"includes": "*.csv"
}
],
"recordSet": [
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "physics-samples",
"name": "physics-samples",
"description": "Per-depth samples from the physics-based partition. Each record carries the well name parsed from the source filename.",
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/well",
"name": "well",
"description": "Well identifier parsed from the filename (e.g. MISSA-KESWAL-01, PINDORI-2, MINWAL-X-1).",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "filename"
},
"transform": {
"regex": "synth_(.+)\\.csv"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/DEPTH",
"name": "DEPTH",
"description": "Measured depth along the well (units are region-dependent: feet or meters).",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DEPTH"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/GR",
"name": "GR",
"description": "Gamma-ray log in API units. Typical range 0-200.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "GR"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/DT",
"name": "DT",
"description": "Compressional sonic slowness in microseconds per foot. Typical range 30-180.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/RHOB",
"name": "RHOB",
"description": "Bulk density in grams per cubic centimeter. Typical range 1.2-2.9.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "RHOB"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/RT",
"name": "RT",
"description": "Deep resistivity in ohm-meters. Typical range 0.01-10000.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "RT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/HP",
"name": "HP",
"description": "Hydrostatic pressure in psi.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "HP"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/OB",
"name": "OB",
"description": "Overburden pressure in psi.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "OB"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/DT_NCT",
"name": "DT_NCT",
"description": "Normal compaction trend for sonic slowness, in microseconds per foot.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DT_NCT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "physics-samples/PPP",
"name": "PPP",
"description": "Pore pressure in psi (Eaton method). Regression target of the benchmark.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "physics-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "PPP"
}
}
}
]
},
{
"@type": "cr:RecordSet",
"@id": "ctgan-samples",
"name": "ctgan-samples",
"description": "Per-depth samples from the CTGAN baseline partition. Same schema as physics-samples; provided for direct comparison of physics-based vs GAN-based synthesis.",
"field": [
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/well",
"name": "well",
"description": "Well identifier parsed from the filename.",
"dataType": "sc:Text",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"fileProperty": "filename"
},
"transform": {
"regex": "synth_(.+)\\.csv"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/DEPTH",
"name": "DEPTH",
"description": "Measured depth along the well (region-dependent units).",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DEPTH"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/GR",
"name": "GR",
"description": "Gamma-ray log in API units.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "GR"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/DT",
"name": "DT",
"description": "Compressional sonic slowness, microseconds per foot.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/RHOB",
"name": "RHOB",
"description": "Bulk density, g/cc.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "RHOB"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/RT",
"name": "RT",
"description": "Deep resistivity, ohm-meters.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "RT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/HP",
"name": "HP",
"description": "Hydrostatic pressure, psi.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "HP"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/OB",
"name": "OB",
"description": "Overburden pressure, psi.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "OB"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/DT_NCT",
"name": "DT_NCT",
"description": "Normal compaction trend for sonic slowness, microseconds per foot.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "DT_NCT"
}
}
},
{
"@type": "cr:Field",
"@id": "ctgan-samples/PPP",
"name": "PPP",
"description": "Pore pressure in psi (Eaton method). Regression target.",
"dataType": "sc:Float",
"source": {
"fileSet": {
"@id": "ctgan-csvs"
},
"extract": {
"column": "PPP"
}
}
}
]
}
]
} |