I-TMAU (Trimethylaminuria, isifo esibangela umzimba unuke kabi). Ngicela uthole indlela yokucwaninga i-TMAU nokuthi ingalashwa kanjani ngokwelashwa kwamajini. Sengikhathele ukunuka njengenhlanzi/indle nokukhulunyelwa kabi zonke izinsuku zempilo yami.

I-Trimethylaminuria isifo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukuqhekeza i-trimethylamine, inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali esinephunga elinamandla elinuka kakhulu. I-Trimethylamine ichazwe njengephunga elifana nenhlanzi ebozile, amaqanda abolile, udoti, noma umchamo. Njengoba lesi sakhiwo siqoqana emzimbeni, sibangela ukuthi abantu abathintekile bakhiphe iphunga elinamandla emjulukweni wabo, emchameni, nasekuphefumuleni kwabo. Amandla ephunga angahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iphunga lingaphazamisa izingxenye eziningi zempilo yemihla ngemihla, lithikameze ubudlelwano bomuntu, impilo yomphakathi, nomsebenzi. Abanye abantu abane-trimethylaminuria baba nokudangala nokwehlukaniseka nomphakathi ngenxa yalesi simo.


Ngingakuthokozela uma ungangithumelela noma ungithumelele nge-imeyili eminye imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca yomuntu ohlushwa ukufa uhlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo elinesifo samathambo esikhathaza. Ngaphandle kwalokho ngiyakwazi ukugoqa umzimba.. ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [CONTACT], I-imeyili yami ithi [CONTACT] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]

Istrokhi siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo. Kudingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Shayela u-9-1-1 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha noma ufune unakekelo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo uma ubona izimpawu zokuqala zestrokhi. Abantu abanezimpawu zestrokhi kufanele baye esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma istrokhi sibangelwa yigazi eliqinile, kunganikezwa umuthi wokuhlakazela igazi eliqinile.

Ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle, lolu kwelapha kufanele luqale phakathi kwamahora ama-3 kuya kwama-4 nohhafu kusukela lapho izimpawu ziqala khona. Uma lolu kwelapha luqala ngokushesha, kuba namathuba amahle okuba nemiphumela emihle.

Okunye ukwelashwa okunikezwa esibhedlela kuncike esimweni esibangele istrokhi. Lokhu kungabandakanya:
- Izincibilikisi zegazi ezifana ne-heparin (umuthi wokuvimbela ukuqina kwegazi), i-warfarin (Coumadin), i-aspirin, noma i-clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Imithi yokulawula izinto ezingabeka engcupheni, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-cholesterol ephakeme
- Izinqubo ezikhethekile noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu noma kuvinjelwe ezinye izitrokhi
- Izakhamzimba kanye namanzi

Ukwelapha ngokwezomzimba, ukwelapha ngokwemisebenzi, ukwelapha ngokwenkulumo, kanye nokwelapha ukugwinya konke kuzokwenziwa esibhedlela. Uma umuntu enenkinga enkulu yokugwinya, kuzodingeka ukufakwa kwepayipi lokudla esiswini (i-gastrostomy tube).

Inhloso yokwelapha ngemuva kwesitrokhi ukusiza ukuthi uthole ukusebenza okuningi ngendlela okungenzeka ngayo futhi kuvimbele ezinye izitrokhi esikhathini esizayo.

Ukubuyela esimweni kusukela estrokhini sakho kuzoqala ngesikhathi usesesibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokubuyisela esimweni. Kuzokuba kuqhubeka uma uya ekhaya usuka esibhedlela noma esikhungweni. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela umnikezi wakho wokunakekela ezempilo ngemuva kokuba uye ekhaya.


Ngingathokoza uma ungangithumelela noma ungithumelele nge-imeyili eminye imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca yomuntu oshaywe  isifo sohlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo elinei-arthritis. Ngaphandle kwalokho nginekhono lokugoqa.. ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [CONTACT], I-imeyili yami ithi [CONTACT] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]

Ngokujwayelekile kunezigaba ezintathu zokwelashwa kwesifo somopho: ukuvikela, ukwelashwa ngokushesha emva kwesifo somopho, kanye nokuvuselela emva kwesifo somopho.

Amasu okuvikela isifo somopho sokuqala noma esiphindayo asekelwe ekwelapheni izimo ezingabangela isifo somopho kumuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kubandakanya umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungalawuleki, kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Amasu okwelapha isifo somopho esisheshayo azama ukumisa isifo somopho ngesikhathi sisenzeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha ngokuncibilikisa isithiyo segazi esibangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo (isifo somopho se-ischemic) noma ngokumisa ukopha ebuchosheni (isifo somopho se-hemorrhagic).

Ukuvuselela emva kwesifo somopho kusiza abantu ukuthi banqobe ukukhubazeka okubangwa umonakalo wesifo somopho.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwelapha isifo somopho. Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zemithi esetshenziswa ukuvikela noma ukwelapha isifo somopho yilezi:
- Ama-antithrombotics (imishanguzo evimbela ukubumbana kwegazi):
  * Ama-antiplatelet agents (avimbela ukunamathela kwamasosha egazi)
  * Ama-anticoagulants (anciphisa ukuqina kwegazi)
- Ama-thrombolytics (ancibilikisa izithiyo zegazi)


Ngingakujabulela uma ungangithumela noma  i-imeyili ezinye izilolongo zomuntu oshaywe  isifo sohlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo eline-arthritic.Noma kunjalo ngiyakwazi ukunyakaza. Ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [ADDRESS], I-imeyili yami ithi [EMAIL] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]

Ngokwesifo sohlangothi, ukwelashwa kuncike isigaba sesifo. Kunezigaba ezintathu zokwelapha isifo sohlangothi: ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesifo sohlangothi, kanye nokubuyisela isimo endaweni ngemva kwesifo sohlangothi. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa imithi, ukunqanyulwa noma ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokubuyisela isimo endaweni.


Ngabe kukhona indlela ongangithumelela ngayo ulwazi mayelana nalezi zimo ezimbili zenhliziyo? Indodana yami kuzomele ekugcineni ihlolwe ngazo, futhi ngingathanda nje ulwazi ukuze ngiqonde zombili izimo zenhliziyo kangcono.

I-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) yisimo lapho umsipha wenhliziyo uba nkulu. Kaningi, yingxenye eyodwa yenhliziyo kuphela egqama kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye. Ukugqama lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi liphume enhliziyweni, okuphoqa inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze ngokwedlulele ukushubisa igazi. Kungaphinde kwenze kube nzima ukuthi inhliziyo ikhululeke futhi igcwale igazi.


Ngabe kukhona indlela ongangithumela ngayo ulwazi ngalezi zimo zombili eziphathelene nenhliziyo? Indodana yami kuzomele ihlolwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngifuna nje ulwazi ukuze ngiqonde kangcono izimo zombili lezi.

I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome yisimo lapho kunendlela yomsinga kagesi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni. Lesi simo singaholela ekushesheni kwezinga lenhliziyo (i-tachycardia, okungukuthi ukusheshelwa kakhulu kwenhliziyo). I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ngenye yezimbangela ezijwayelekile zezinkinga zokusheshelwa kwenhliziyo ezinsaneni nasezinganeni.


Ngingumveterani wasoLwandle waseVietnam. Ukwelashwa kwami okujwayelekile kwesitrokhi kuhlulekile ngendlela embi kakhulu.

Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela i-stroke (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yobuchopho), ukwelapha isifo sohlangothi noma ukulungisa umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi noma ukungakheki kahle ngaphakathi nangaseduze kobuchopho. I-Carotid endarterectomy yindlela yokuhlinza lapho udokotela esusa izidudla zamafutha, noma i-plaque, ngaphakathi kwemithambo ye-carotid. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuvimbela  isifo sohlangothi. Imithambo ye-carotid itholakala entanyeni futhi iyona engumsuka omkhulu wegazi eliya ebuchosheni.

Ngaphezu kokuhlinza, kukhona izindlela ezahlukene ezithuthukisiwe ezivumela ukuthi ezinye zezinkinga zemithambo zelashwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo kusetshenziswa ama-catheter akhethekile ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi. I-catheter yishubhu elincane kakhulu, elithambile elingafakwa kwelinye lama-artery amakhulu emlenzeni noma engalweni bese liqondiswa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kuze kufike kumthambo ophathekile. Odokotela abaqeqeshelwe i-angiography (ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yegazi) badlula oqeqeshweni olwengeziwe ukwelapha izinkinga emithanjeni yobuchopho noma umgogodla. Laba odokotela babizwa ngokuthi ama-neurointerventionalist (odokotela abaqeqeshelwe ukungenelela kwezobuchopho).

I-Angioplasty isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabelaphi be-angiography ukuvula imithambo yenhliziyo evaliwe, futhi iphinde isetshenziswe ukuvimbela i-stroke. I-Angioplasty yindlela lapho i-catheter ekhethekile ifakwa emthanjweni ovaliwe bese ibhaluni ekugcineni kwe-catheter ivutshelwa ukuvula umthambo ovaliwe. Le ndlela yenza ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni.

I-Stenting enye indlela esetshenziswa ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi. Kule ndlela, umelaphi we-angiography ufaka i-catheter emthanjweni osesidlangaleni bese ebeka isihloko se-catheter ngaphakathi komthambo ovaliwe. I-stent yithuluzi elifana nethubhu elenziwe ngendlela efana nenethiwekhi engashelwa endaweni yayo ngaphezulu kwe-catheter. Uma ibekwa ngaphakathi kwendawo evaliwe, i-stent iyakhuliswa ukwandisa umthambo bese i-catheter iyakhishwa. I-Angioplasty noma i-stenting yomthambo we-carotid ingenza ukuthi izingcezu ze-plaque ephathekile zidedele. Ithuluzi elifana nesambulela liqhutshwa okwesikhashana ngaphezulu ukuvimbela lezi zingcezu ukuthi zingayi ebuchosheni.

Abelaphi be-angiography ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa amathuluzi okususa amahluli ukwelapha iziguli ezinesifo sohlangothi ezisigabeni sokuqala kakhulu. Elinye ithuluzi lifaka i-catheter ngaphakathi komthambo kuze kufike endaweni evimbekile bese kumunyelwa ngaphandle ihluli. Elinye ithuluzi elifana nopende wewayini lingakhishwa ekugcineni kwe-catheter bese lisetshenziswa ukubamba ihluli nokuyikhipha. Imithi ingaphinde ijovwe ngaphandle kwe-catheter ngqo ehluline ukusiza ukuncibilikisa ihluli.


Umfowethu udinga ukwelashwa kwesifo sokubuna kwemisipha

Azikho izindlela ezaziwa zokwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphela kwamandla emisipha. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqapha izimpawu. Ukwelashwa ngokulolonga umzimba kungasiza ukugcina amandla nemisebenzi yemisipha. Izinsiza zokuhamba emilenzeni kanye nesihlalo esinamasondo kungathuthukisa ukuhamba kanye nokunakekela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa komgogodla noma imilenze kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Amaphilisi okunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngezinye izikhathi ayachazwa ezinganeni ezine-muscular dystrophy ukuzigcina zihamba isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Umuntu kufanele abe matasatasa kangangokuba engakwazi. Ukungabi namsebenzi nhlobo (njengokucambalala embhedeni) kungenza isifo sibe sibi kakhulu.


Sawubona, ngingumfundi webanga le-12 owenza umsebenzi wocwaningo ngezimo zezifo zezinzwa. Ngabe ukholelwa ukuthi kuyoke kube khona ukwelapha okuphelele nokuqinisekisiwe kwe-Multiple Sclerosis? Uma kunjalo, yiluphi uhlelo lwesikhathi ongalubeka kulokhu kwelapha?

Akukho ukwelapha okwaziwa kwe-MS okwamanje. Kodwa, kukhona ukwelashwa okungahle kunciphise isifo. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqapha izimpawu nokukusiza ugcine izinga lempilo eliqondile. Imithi ivame ukuthathwa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:- Imithi yokunciphisa isifo- Ama-corticosteroid ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa- Imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokugwegwezela kwezicubu, izinkinga zokuzikhulula, ukukhathala, noma izinkinga zokuphatheka kwengqondoImithi isebenza kahle kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-MS olubuyayo-luyeke kunezinye izinhlobo ze-MS. Lokhu okulandelayo kungabasiza futhi abantu abane-MS:- Ukwelashwa ngokwenyama, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukwelashwa kokusebenza, namaqembu okusekela- Izinsiza ezisizayo, njengezitulo ezinamasondo, izinsiza zokusiza ukuphakama embhedeni, izitulo zokugeza, izinsiza zokuhamba, nezibambelelo zaseludongeni- Uhlelo lokuzikhulisa oluhleliwe ekuqaleni kwesifo- Indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukulondeka okuphelele nokuphumula okwanele- Ukugwema ukukhathala, ingcindezi, ukushisa nokubanda okukhulu, nokugula- Ukushintsha ukudla noma ukuphuza uma kunezinkinga zokugwinya- Ukwenza izinguquko ekhaya ukuvimbela ukuwa- Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle noma ezinye izinsizakalo zokwaluleka ukusiza ukumelana nesifo nokuthola usizo- I-Vitamin D noma ezinye izithasiselo (khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala)- Izindlela ezigcwele nezengeziwe, njengokucindezela ngeminwe noma insangu yezokwelapha, ukusiza ngezinkinga zezicubu


Sawubona, ngingumfundi webanga le-12 owenza umsebenzi wocwaningo mayelana nezifo zezinzwa. Ngabe ukholelwa ukuthi kuyoke kube khona ukwelashwa okugcwele nokuqinisekisiwe kwe-Multiple Sclerosis (isifo esithinta izinzwa nemisipha)? Uma kunjalo, ungalinganisa ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi lolo kwelashwa lutholakale?

Akukabibikho ukwelapha i-MS. Abantu abaningi baphila kahle ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba imithi eminingi inezingozi ezinkulu futhi eminye inobungozi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintathu ze-beta interferon (i-Avonex, i-Betaseron, ne-Rebif) sezivunyiwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukwelashwa kwe-MS ehlehlayo-ephindayo (relapsing-remitting MS). I-Beta interferon iboniswe ukuthi inciphisa inani lokuqubuka kwesifo futhi ingahle icoce ukuqhubeka kokukhubazeka komzimba. Uma kukhona ukuhlasela, kuvame ukuba kufushane futhi kungabi nzima kakhulu. I-FDA iphinde yavuma uhlobo olwenziwe lwe-myelin basic protein, olubizwa ngokuthi i-copolymer I (Copaxone), ukwelashwa kwe-MS ehlehlayo-ephindayo. I-Copolymer I inemiphumela emibi embalwa, futhi izifundo zibonisa ukuthi le nto inganciphisa izinga lokuphinda kuqubuke isifo cishe ngokwesithathu. Eminye imithi evunywe yi-FDA yokwelapha izinhlobo ze-MS ezihlehlayo kubantu abadala ihlanganisa i-teriflunomide ne-dimethyl fumarate. Ukwelashwa ngokucindezela amasosha omzimba, i-Novantrone (mitoxantrone), ivunyiwe yi-FDA ukwelashwa kwe-MS eqhubekayo noma eyisikhathi eside. I-FDA iphinde yavuma i-dalfampridine (Ampyra) ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kubantu abane-MS. Enye i-monoclonal antibody (umuthi wokwelapha okhethekile), i-natalizumab (Tysabri), yaboniswa ezivivinyweni zokwelapha ukuthi yehlisa kakhulu izinga lokuhlasela kwabantu abane-MS ehlehlayo futhi yavunywa ukuthengiswa yi-FDA ngo-2004. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2005 abakhiqizi bomuthi bayeka ukuthengisa umuthi ngemva kwemibiko embalwa yemiphumela emibi ebalulekile. Ngo-2006, i-FDA yaphinda yavuma ukuthengiswa komuthi we-MS kodwa ngaphansi kwemihlahlandlela yokulapha eqinile ehlanganisa izikhungo zokujova lapho iziguli zingaqashelwa khona odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngokuyisipesheli. Yize ama-steroid engalukhubekisi uhambo lwe-MS ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anganciphisa ubude nokuqina kokuhlasela kwabanye abantu. I-Spasticity, engenzeka njengokuqina okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ukwanda komfutho wezicubu noma njengamashukumano eza aphinde amuke, ivame ukwelashwa ngezidambisi zezicubu kanye nezidambisi zokukhathazeka ezinjenge-baclofen, i-tizanidine, i-diazepam, i-clonazepam, ne-dantrolene. Ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca kanye nokuzilolonga kungasiza ukugcina ukusebenza okusele, futhi iziguli zingathola ukuthi izinsiza ezinhlobonhlobo - ezinjengezibopho zezinyawo, izinduku zokuhamba, nezinsiza zokuhamba - zingabasiza ukuhlala bezimele futhi bekwazi ukuhamba. Ukugwema umsebenzi omningi kakhulu nokugwema ukushisa mhlawumbe yizona zinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu iziguli ezingathatha ukubhekana nokukhathala komzimba. Uma izimpawu zokukhathala kwengqondo ezinjengokudangala noma ukungabi nandaba zibonakala, imithi yokwelapha ukudangala ingasiza. Eminye imithi enganciphisa ukukhathala kwabanye, kodwa hhayi kubo bonke, abantu ihlanganisa i-amantadine (Symmetrel), i-pemoline (Cylert), kanye nomuthi osacwaningwayo i-aminopyridine. Nakuba ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu zamehlo kuvame ukwenzeka ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa, ukwelashwa okufushane nge-intravenous methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) okulandelwa ukwelashwa ngama-steroid aphuza ngomlomo kuyasetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi.


Ingabe i-optic atrophy (ukunciphisa kwamehlo) iyinto yofuzo futhi yini eyibangela? Futhi, yini eyibangela?

Kuningi okubangela ukubhidlika kombhobho wokubona. Okujwayelekile kakhulu ukungahambiseki kahle kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic optic neuropathy (ukungasebenzi kahle kombhobho wokubona ngenxa yokweswela igazi). Inkinga ivame ukuthinta abantu abadala. Umbhobho wokubona ungalimala futhi ngenxa yokushayeka, izithi ezingcolisa umzimba, ukukhishwa kwamandla okunobungozi, kanye nokulimala. Izifo zamehlo, njenge-glaucoma (isifo sokwenyuka komfutho emehlweni), nazo zingabanga uhlobo oluthile lokubhidlika kombhobho wokubona. Lesi simo singabangelwa futhi yizifo zengqondo kanye nohlelo oluphakathi lwemizwa. Lokhu kungahlanganisa:  - Isimila engqondweni  - I-cranial arteritis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ekhanda, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa nge-temporal arteritis)  - I-multiple sclerosis (isifo esidla izicubu zomzimba ezivikela imizwa)  - Ukushaywa isifo sohlangothi (i-stroke)

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile zokubhidlika kombhobho wokubona okudluliswa ngofuzo (okudluliselwa ngokwegazi) ezithinta izingane kanye nabantu abasha.


Buyini ubudlelwano (uma bukhona) phakathi kwe-Essential Tremor (ukuthuthumela okuyinhloko) nesifo sika-Parkinsons, futhi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu ye-Essential Tremor?

Ukuthuthumela okuyisisekelo kuyona eyinkinga enkulu kakhulu yokungalawuli ukushukuma komzimba. Ikhombisa ukuzamazama okungalawuleki futhi okuphindelela ngokufanayo (ukuthuthumela), ikakhulukazi ezandleni, ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu. Ihlukile ekuthuthumeleni okuvela kwesinye isifo noma izimbangela ezaziwa, njengokuthuthumela okubonwa ngesifo sokuqhaqhazela (i-Parkinson) noma ukulimala ekhanda. Amacala amaningi okuthuthumela okuyisisekelo adluliselwa ngokofuzo. Kukhona izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuthuthumela okuyisisekelo ezisekelwe ezimbangelweni ezahlukene zofuzo. Amajini amaningana kanye nendlela yokuphila nezimo zendawo kungadlala indima enkulu engcupheni yomuntu yokuthola lesi simo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ezimweni ezincane, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki. Ezimweni lapho izimpawu ziphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, imithi ingasiza ukwehlisa izimpawu.


Uma kukhona, yibuphi ubudlelwano phakathi kwesifo se-Essential Tremor (ukuthuthumela okuyingqayizivele) nesifo se-Parkinsons, futhi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuhamba phambili kwesifo se-Essential Tremor?

Ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki ngaphandle uma ukuthuthumela (tremors) kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma kubangele ukuphoxeka. UKUNAKEKELWA EKHAYA

Ngokuthuthumela okwenziwa kube kubi ngokucindezela, zama amasu akusiza ukuthi uphumule. Ngokuthuthumela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, gwema ikofi futhi ulale ngokwanele. Ngokuthuthumela okubangelwa noma okwenziwa kube kubi umuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuyeka umuthi, ukunciphisa izinga, noma ukushintsha. Ungashintshi noma uyeke imithi ngokwakho.

Ukuthuthumela okukhulu kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ungadinga usizo ngale misebenzi. Izinto ezingasiza:

• Ukuthenga izingubo ezino-Velcro, noma ukusebenzisa amagxathu ezinkinobho
• Ukupheka noma ukudla ngezitsha ezinesihloko esikhulu
• Ukusebenzisa amastro ukuphuza
• Ukugqoka izicathulo ezingafakwa kalula nokusebenzisa izinsizakufaka izicathulo

IMITHI YOKUTHUTHUMELA

Imithi ingasiza ukwehlisa izimpawu. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa:

• I-Propranolol, umuthi ovimba ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokweqile (beta blocker)
• I-Primidone, umuthi osetshenziswa ukwelaphwa isifo sokuwa

Le mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi.

• I-Propranolol ingabangela ukukhathala, ikhala elivalekile, noma inhliziyo encane, futhi ingenza i-asthma ibe mbi kakhulu.
• I-Primidone ingabangela ukozela, izinkinga zokugxila, isicabucabu, nezinkinga zokuhamba, ukuzinza, nokuhlangana.

Eminye imithi enganciphisa ukuthuthumela:

• Imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa
• Imithi encane yokuthulisa
• Imithi yomfutho wegazi evimba ukungena kwe-calcium emasosheni (calcium-channel blockers)

Ukujova umuthi wokunciphisa ukushukuma kwezicubu (i-Botox) esandleni kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela.

UQHAQHO

Ezimweni ezinzima, uqhaqho lungenzeka. Lokhu kungabandakanya:

• Ukugxilisa imisebe yamandla endaweni encane yobuchopho (ukuhlinzwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemisebe yobuchopho)
• Ukufaka idivayisi evusa endaweni yobuchopho ukuze ikhombise indawo elawula ukuhamba


Yini ukuxhumana (uma kukhona) phakathi kokuThuthumela okuBalulekile kanye nesifo sikaParkinson's futhi yini ukwelashwa okuhamba phambili kokuThuthumela okuBalulekile?

Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukuphathwa kokuthuthumela okubalulekile:
- Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kokuthuthumela Okubalulekile Okudluliselwa Ngokuzalwa: Ukuthuthumela okubalulekile okudluliselwa ngokuzalwa 1
- Isikhungo Sezimo Zokuhamba Okungenziwa zeJohns Hopkins
- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Ukuthuthumela Okubalulekile

Lezi zinsiza ezivela kuMedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokuphathwa kwezimo ezahlukene zezempilo:
- Ukuhlolwa Kokubheka Isifo
- Ukwelashwa Ngemithi
- Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela
- Ukwelulekwa Ngokuthuthumela Okubalulekile Okudluliselwa Ngokuzalwa
- Ukunakekelwa Kweziguli Ezinesifo Esingenamuthi


Bungakanani ubudlelwano phakathi kokushayisana okungapheli (Essential Tremor) nesifo sikaParkinsons (uma bukhona)? Iyiphi indlela yokwelapha esaziwa engcono kakhulu yokushayisana okungapheli?

Akukho ukwelashwa okugcwele kwe-essential tremor. Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ngamakhambi kungafaka i-propranolol noma ezinye izivimbi ze-beta (beta blockers) kanye ne-primidone, umuthi we-anticonvulsant. Kuvame ukunconywa ukususa izinto "eziqalisa" ukuthuthumela njengekhofi nezinye izinto ezivuselela emzimbeni. I-physical ne-occupational therapy zingasiza ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana nokuzilawula kwemisipha kwabanye abantu. I-deep brain stimulation isebenzisa i-neurostimulator, idivayisi yezokwelapha efakwa ngokoqhaqho, esebenza ngebhethri, ukuletha ukuphehla ngogesi ezindaweni ezihlosiwe zobuchopho ezilawula ukuhamba, okuvimba okwesikhashana imiyalezo yemizwa ebanga ukuthuthumela. Ezinye izindlela zoqhaqho ziyasebenza kodwa zingaba nemiphumela engemihle (side effects).


Udokotela wami akazi ngomuthi ongasetshenziswa emlonyeni womilile. Ngocwaningo, ngicabanga ukuthi umuthi ukhona, kodwa angikwazi ukuthola igama lawo ukuze udokotela angiyalele wona. Ungangisiza? Ngisebenzisa i-Biotene etholakala ezitolo zomphakathi, kodwa ngifuna into esebenza ngcono kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile

Ukwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoya ngokuthi yini imbangela yenkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho ube mile. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase aguqule umuthi wakho noma alungise isikali. Uma izindlala zakho zemate zingasebenzi kahle kodwa zisakhiqiza amathe, udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.

Okumele Kwenziwe Nokungamelwe Kwenziwe

Okumele kwenziwe:
- Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya uma udla.
- Hlafuna ishingamu engenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuvuselela ukugeleza kwamathe.
- Sebenzisa umshini wokwenza umswakama ebusuku ukuze kube nomswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.

Okungamelwe kwenziwe:
- Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezinekhafeini njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agcwele uswidi. Ikhafeini ingenza umlomo ube mile.
- Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Kwenza umlomo ube mile.

Ucwaningo Lokwelashwa Ngamajini Okungasebenzi Kahle Kwezindlala Zemathe

Ososayensi be-National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) bacwaninga ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kokwelashwa ngamajini ukwelashwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zemathe. Umbono ukudlulisela amajini engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo ezindlaleni zemathe zabantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome (isifo esibanga umlomo omile) kanye neziguli ezinesifo somdlavuza ezindlala zemathe zazo ezalimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba wukuthi lawa majini azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse imizwa yokuphela kwamanzi okuhlukumeza abantu abanesimo somlomo omile.

I-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ucwaningo lwezocwaningo kubantu, ngokwelashwa ngamajini kwezindlala zemathe ezilimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamajini kungenziwa ngokuphepha ezindlaleni zemathe nokuthi kunethuba lokusiza abantu abasinde esiswini somdlavuza ekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela ethembisayo yalolu hlolo, izivivinyo ezifanayo zezokwelapha zihlelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ucwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Nezinye Izifo Ezithinta Izindlala Zemathe

I-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zifaka ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-monoclonal antibody (uhlobo lwesibulala-magciwane) kanye ne-corticosteroid (uhlobo lwesihlambululi-mzimba) ukubona ukuthi ngabe naluphi lwalolu kwelashwa lusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe. Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, nezifo ze-granulomatous zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zemathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingase ngelinye ilanga ziholele ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zezindlala zemathe.

Ukuze uhlale usazi ngezifundo ezintsha ngokwelashwa ngamajini nokusebenza kwezindlala zemathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov (iwebhusayithi yolimi lwesiNgisi). Le webhusayithi ibala zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni nezixhaswe ngabazimele e-U.S. nakuwo wonke umhlaba; iwebhusayithi ivuselelwa njalo.


Udokotela wami akazi ngomuthi womlomo owomile. Ngocwaningo, ngicabanga ukuthi umuthi ukhona, kodwa nje angikwazi ukuthola igama lawo ukuze akwazi ukungikhiphela wona. Ngabe ungangisiza? Ngisebenzisa umuthi i-Biotene otholakala ezitolo zomphakathi kodwa ngifisa okusebenza ngcono kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho owomile. Uma umlomo wakho owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela angase ashintshe umuthi wakho noma alungise isilinganiso. Uma izindlala zakho zamathe zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisakwazi ukukhiqiza amathe, udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela angase akunike umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala zisebenze kangcono. Angase aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ngesandla ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ukuthi umlomo owomile welashwa kanjani. Ukuze ukhulise ividiyo, chofoza izibonda ezisekhoneni eliphansi kwesokudla. Ukuze unciphise ividiyo, cindezela inkinobho ye-Escape (Esc) ekhibhodini yakho.)


Umsebenzi wesikole. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza umsebenzi wesikole mayelana nesifo soleukemia, bengifisa ukuthi ungiphendule imibuzo embalwa ngicela. 1. Yini ebangela umdlavuza weleukemia? 2. Kungenzeka ukuthi usinde kuleukemia? 3. Ileukemia iyithinta kanjani umzimba wakho? 4. Ingabe ileukemia iyifa? 5. Yini ileukemia esezingeni eliphezulu ephumelelayo? 6. Umuntu oneleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani? 7. Zikhona izimpawu ezingakutshela ukuthi uneleukemia? 8. Yimiphi imishanguzo nokwelashwa okufanele ukuthathe? 9. Yiziphi izimpawu zeleukemia? 10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?

Amanye amacala esifo se-chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) ahlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza, kodwa eziningi izimo imbangela ayaziwa. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ososayensi benze inqubekela phambili ekuqondeni ukuthi izinguquko ezithile ku-DNA (i-molecule ethwala imininingwane yofuzo) yamaseli amathambo engaba yimbangela yokuthuthuka kwe-CMML.

I-DNA iyikhemikhali ethwala imiyalelo yezinto eziningi amaseli ethu azenzayo. Sivame ukufana nabazali bethu ngoba bangumthombo we-DNA yethu. Nokho, i-DNA ithinta okungaphezulu kokubukeka kwethu.

Amanye ama-gene alawula inqubo yokukhula nokwahlukaniswa kwamaseli. Ama-gene akhuthaza ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli abizwa ngama-oncogene (ama-gene avusa umdlavuza). Amanye ama-gene abizwa ngama-tumor suppressor gene (ama-gene acindezela izimila) angacindezela ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli noma enze amaseli afe ngesikhathi esifanele.

Umdlavuza ungabangelwa izinguquko ze-DNA ezivula ama-oncogene noma zivale ama-tumor suppressor gene. Ezinye izifo, izinguquko zingadluliselwa kumzali. Kodwa izinguquko ezidluliselwayo azibonakali zibangela i-CMML. Esikhundleni salokho, izinguquko zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuba khona komuntu.

Ukuvezwa emishungunweni noma amakhemikhali abanga umdlavuza kungabangela izinguquko ezibangela i-CMML. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Njalo uma iseli lilungiselela ukwahlukaniswa, kufanele likopele i-DNA yalo. Le nqubo ayiphelele, futhi amaphutha angangenzeka. Ngenhlanhla, amaseli ane-enzymes zokulungisa ezifunda futhi zilungise i-DNA. Nokho, amanye amaphutha angadlula, ikakhulukazi uma amaseli ekhula ngokushesha.

I-DNA yomuntu igoqwe amakromozomi angu-23. Cishe kwingxenye yeziguli, amaseli e-CMML aqukethe amakromozomi ashintshiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yekromozomi elilodwa inamathela ekromozomini elihlukile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-translocation (ukudluliswa kwengxenye yekromozomi).

Ama-translocation angavula ama-oncogene noma avale ama-tumor suppressor gene. Ama-translocation atholakele abonakala kwamanye amacala e-CMML.

Enye inhlekelele yekromozomi engabonakala ku-CMML ibizwa ngokuthi i-deletion (ukulahleka). Lokhu kuquka ukulahleka kwekromozomi lonke noma ingxenye yalo. Olunye uhlobo lwenhlekelele yekromozomi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-duplication (ukuphindaphinda). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunokwengeziwe kwekromozomi lonke noma ingxenye yalo.


Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana ne-leukemia futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.

1. Yini ebanga i-leukemia?
2. Ungaphila ne-leukemia yini?
3. I-leukemia ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho?
4. Ingabe i-leukemia iyadluliseka?
5. Yini i-leukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?
6. Umuntu one-leukemia angaphila isikhathi esingakanani?
7. Ungakwazi ukuthi unayo yini i-leukemia?
8. Yimaphi amakhambi okwelashwa okufanele uwathathe?
9. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-leukemia?
10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?

I-Leukemia umdlavuza wegazi. Lolu hlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lomdlavuza wegazi futhi luthinta izikhathi ezingu-10 abantu abadala kunezingane. Abantu abaningi abatholakala bene-leukemia baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 ubudala.

I-Leukemia iqala emsukeni wamathambo (bone marrow) Izinhlobo zamaseli egazi ezenziwa umsuka wamathambo kanye nencazelo yemisebenzi yawo. - Chofoza ukuze ukhulise efasiteleni elisha. Chofoza ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe

I-Leukemia ivame ukuqala emsukeni wamathambo, isimo esithambile esiphakathi kwamathambo amaningi lapho kwenziwa khona amaseli egazi. Umsuka wamathambo wenza izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi okhethekile.

Amaseli amhlophe egazi alwa nokutheleleka nezifo. Amaseli abomvu egazi athwala i-oxygen emzimbeni wonke. Amapuleti asiza ukulawula ukopha ngokwakha amagaqa egazi.

Kubantu abane-leukemia, umsuka wamathambo ukhiqiza amaseli amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile, abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-leukemia. Ekuqaleni, amaseli e-leukemia asebenza cishe ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kukhiqizwa amaseli amaningi e-leukemia, angase acindezele amaseli amhlophe egazi aphilile, amaseli abomvu egazi, namapuleti. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lenze imisebenzi yalo ejwayelekile.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezine ezijwayelekile ze-leukemia yabantu abadala. Ezimbili zihlala isikhathi eside (chronic), okusho ukuthi ziba zibi ngesikhathi eside. Ezinye ezimbili zisheshe zibe zibi (acute), okusho ukuthi ziba zibi ngokushesha.

I-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli amhlophe egazi ehlala isikhathi eside)
I-chronic myeloid leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli omongo ehlala isikhathi eside)
I-acute myeloid leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli omongo esheshe ibe mbi)
I-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli amhlophe egazi esheshe ibe mbi)


Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo seleukemia futhi bengifisa ukuthi ungiphendulele eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini imbangela yomdlavuza weleukemia?2. Ungaphila yini neleukemia?3. Ileukemia iyithinta kanjani imizimba yakho?4. Ingabe ileukemia idluliselwa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini ileukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?6. Umuntu oneleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi uneleukemia?8. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa okumele uzithathe?9. Yiziphi izimpawu zeleukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?

Ngesinye isikhathi abantu bathola ukuguquka kwe-DNA okuvela kubazali babo okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Kodwa ukuguquka kwe-DNA okudluliselwa akuvamile ukubanga i-CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia). Ukuguquka kwe-DNA okuhlobene ne-CLL kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuba khona komuntu, kunokuba kudluliselwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa.


Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo seleukemia, ngakho-ke bengibuza ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini eyenza isifo somdlavuza weleukemia?2. Ungakwazi ukuphila nesifo seleukemia?3. Isifo seleukemia siyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?4. Ingabe isifo seleukemia sidluliselwa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini ileukemia esigabeni esiphezulu?6. Umuntu onesifo seleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo seleukemia?8. Yimiphi imishanguzo okumele uyithathe?9. Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo seleukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?

Kunemithi eminingi yokwelapha abantu abane-leukemia (isifo segazi). Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yakho nempilo yakho ejwayelekile, uhlobo lwe-leukemia onalo, ukuthi lisuselwe yini noma cha ekhanda lomgogodla, kanye nezinye izinto. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi une-leukemia, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho futhi uthathe izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu, nakuba iziguli eziningi ezine-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (uhlobo lwe-leukemia oluthambile) azidingeki ukwelashwa iminyaka eminingi.

Ukusebenza Neqembu Lochwepheshe
Iqembu lochwepheshe livame ukwelapha abantu abane-leukemia. Leli qembu lizogcina udokotela omkhulu ezweni ngentuthuko yesiguli. Iqembu lingahlanganisa i-hematologist (isazi segazi nemithambo yegazi), i-medical oncologist (isazi sokwelapha umdlavuza), kanye ne-radiation oncologist (isazi sokwelapha ngokukhanya). Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ungafuna elinye udokotela ukuba ahlole ukuhlolwa kanye nohlelo lokwelapha. Ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zidinga umbono wesibili. Ezinye zingakhokhela umbono wesibili uma wena noma udokotela wakho ecela.

Ukuhlolwa Kweziguli Ezine-leukemia
Ezinye iziguli ezine-leukemia ziyingxenye yocwaningo lwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Lolu cwaningo, olubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kweziguli, lwenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi ngabe indlela entsha yokwelapha iphephile futhi isebenza kahle yini futhi ingcono kunezindlela zamanje zokwelapha. Xoxa nodokotela wakho uma ufisa ukuba yingxenye yokuhlolwa kweziguli. I-U.S. National Institutes of Health, ngokusebenzisa i-National Library of Medicine kanye nezinye izikhungo, igcina imininingwane yokuhlolwa kweziguli ku-ClinicalTrials.gov (iwebhusayithi yokuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha). Cindezela lapha ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kweziguli kwamanje kwe-leukemia.


Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo sokuphela kwegazi (leukemia) futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela, ngiyabonga. 1. Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 2. Ungasinda yini esifweni sokuphela kwegazi? 3. Siyithinta kanjani imizimba yakho isifo sokuphela kwegazi? 4. Ingabe isifo sokuphela kwegazi sidluliselwa ebantwini? 5. Yini isifo sokuphela kwegazi esithuthukile? 6. Umuntu onesifo sokuphela kwegazi angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani? 7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 8. Yimiphi imishanguzo noma ukwelashwa okufanele ukuthathe? 9. Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) ne-CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)?

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-leukemia (isifo segazi) akuyona itumo elingakhishwa ngokuhlinzwa udokotela. Amaseli e-leukemia akhiqizwa ekhonkweni lomgogodla bese ehamba emzimbeni wonke.

Inhloso Yokwelashwa (Ukuphilisa Isiguli)
Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-leukemia ukubulala amaseli e-leukemia nokuvumela amaseli ajwayelekile ukuba akheke ekhonkweni lomgogodla. Kuye ngohlobo nokwanda kwesifo, iziguli zingathola i-chemotherapy (ukwelapha ngemithi ebulala amaseli omdlavuza), i-biological therapy (ukwelapha ngezinto zomzimba), i-radiation therapy (ukwelapha ngokukhanya okunamandla), noma ukutshala amaseli okhakhayi. Ezinye iziguli zithola inhlanganisela yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-leukemia, iminyaka yesiguli nempilo jikelele, ukuthi ngabe amaseli e-leukemia akhona yini esikhuhleni esijikeleze ubuchopho noma umgogodla, nokuthi ngabe i-leukemia ike yelashwa ngaphambilini. Kungancika futhi ezimweni ezithile zamaseli e-leukemia nezimpawu zesiguli.

I-Leukemia Ephuthumayo (Acute Leukemia) noma Eyisikhathi Eside (Chronic Leukemia)?
Uma umuntu ene-leukemia ephuthumayo, uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukumisa ukukhula okusheshayo kwamaseli e-leukemia nokuletha ukushuba, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza ulawulekile. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu uzoqhubeka nokwelashwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zinyamalale ukuvimbela isifo ukuba singabuyi. Abanye abantu abane-leukemia ephuthumayo bangalapheka. Funda kabanzi ngezindlela zokwelapha i-acute myeloid leukemia (i-leukemia ephuthumayo yamathambo). Funda kabanzi ngezindlela zokwelapha i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (i-leukemia eyisikhathi eside yamaseli amhlophe). I-leukemia eyisikhathi eside ingadinga ukungalashwa kuze kuvele izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kungakwazi ukulawula isifo nezimpawu zaso.

Izinhlobo Zokwelashwa
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia zifaka phakathi:
- I-chemotherapy (ukwelapha ngemithi ebulala amaseli omdlavuza)
- I-biological therapy (ukwelapha ngezinto zomzimba)
- I-radiation therapy (ukwelapha ngokukhanya okunamandla)

I-Chemotherapy
I-chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Lolu wukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia. I-chemotherapy ingathathwa ngomlomo ngendlela yepilisi, ngokujova ngqo emthanjeni, noma ngokusebenzisa i-catheter (ithubhu elincane). Uma amaseli e-leukemia etholakala esikhuhleni esijikeleze ubuchopho noma umgogodla, udokotela angajova imithi ngqo esikhuhleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi iyafika kumaseli e-leukemia ebuchosheni.

I-Biological Therapy
I-biological therapy isebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezithuthukisa ukuzivikela kwemvelo komzimba emdlavuzeni. Ezinye iziguli ezine-chronic lymphocytic leukemia zithola ama-monoclonal antibodies (amaphrotheni enziwe ngumuntu okwazi ukubona amaseli e-leukemia). Ama-monoclonal antibodies ancamathelana namaseli bese esiza umzimba ukuwabulala. Yize ama-monoclonal antibodies esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-leukemia, abacwaningi bafunda izindlela ezintsha zokuwasebenzisa ekwelashweni. Amanye ama-antibodies asetshenziselwa ukuqhubezela uhlelo lokuzivikela ukuba luhlaselele amaseli e-leukemia. Amanye ama-antibodies ancanyatheliswa ezintweni ezingaletha ubuthi kumaseli omdlavuza. La ma-antibodies aguquliwe, abizwa ngokuthi ama-immunotoxins, aletha ubuthi ngqo kumaseli omdlavuza.

Kamuva, ukuvivinya kwezokwelapha okucacile (precision medicine trials) kukhombise ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe okuthathwa ngendlela yepilisi kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila.

I-Radiation Therapy
I-radiation therapy isebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Umshini ongaphandle komzimba uqondisa imisebe enamandla esiplenini, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba lapho amaseli e-leukemia eqoqene khona. I-radiation therapy isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula isifo ematsheni asengcupheni yokwephuka noma ezindaweni ezibanga ubuhlungu.


Umsebenzi wesikole. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza umsebenzi wesikole mayelana ne-leukemia futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini eyenza umdlavuza we-leukemia?2. Ungakwazi ukuphila ne-leukemia?3. I-leukemia iyithinta kanjani umzimba wakho?4. Ingabe i-leukemia iyadluliswa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini i-leukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?6. Umuntu one-leukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona izimpawu ze-leukemia?8. Yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo?9. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-leukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) ne-CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)?

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-leukemia, iminyaka yesiguli kanye nesimo sempilo sakhe sonke, lapho amaseli e-leukemia eqoqene khona emzimbeni, kanye nokuthi i-leukemia yake yelashwa ngaphambilini. Amaphuzu athile amaseli e-leukemia kanye nezimpawu zesiguli nako kunganquma izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene.


Ngibe nezinkinga zesifo sokuzilwa komzimba cishe iminyaka emine manje, ngihlolwe izinto eziningi kodwa odokotela abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ngqo ephazamisekile. Kuqale ngobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokugwegwa ezinyaweni zami nasezinzwaneni zami. Ubuhlungu obuningi bubangelwa ukugwegwa kwamalunga nesikhumba sami sizwa sengathi siyashiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sekufinyelele emadolweni ami futhi. Ngihlale ngikhathele njalo. Kamuva ngibe nobuhlungu esiswini sami futhi ngizwe ngingaphilile. Ngabe lezi zimpawu zifana nesifo iLupus? Ngike ngahlolwa ngaba nemiphumela engenaso lesi sifo ngaphambilini, kodwa uma ngifunda kabanzi ngaso ngizwa sengathi yilokho okungase kube nako. Noma yimiphi imibono ingabongeka kakhulu kakhulu.

I-Lupus ingaba nezimpawu eziningi, futhi zihluka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile kakhulu zifaka:
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala ezihlakaleni
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Umkhuhlane ongenasizathu esaziyo
• Amabala abomvu, ikakhulukazi ebusweni (abizwa ngokuthi "i-butterfly rash")
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni uma uphefumula kanzima
• Ukuwa kwezinwele
• Iminwe yezandla noma yezinyawo ephuzi noma ensomi
• Ukuzwela ilanga
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni noma ezungeze amehlo
• Izilonda emlonyeni
• Amaqhubuka avuvukele (izindlala)
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu

Izimpawu zingeza bese ziyahamba. Uma unezimpawu, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqubuka kwesifo. Ukuqubuka kwesifo kungaba okuncane noma okushubile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha zingavela noma nini.


I-IMEYILI: [I-IMEYILI] IVELA: http://m.medlineplus.gov/medlineplus.htm ISIPHEQULULI: NokiaX2-01/5.0 (07.10) Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/420 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/420 USUKU: 01/06/2014 UMYALEZO: Umbuzo wami: Yini ukwelashwa kwe-gonorrhea engapheli, nokukhula okungokujwayelekile?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibiotics zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwesifo.
- Ungathola idozi elikhulu elilodwa lama-antibiotics ngomlomo noma uthathe idozi elincane izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
- Unganikezwa umjovo we-antibiotic noma isitofu, bese mhlawumbe uthunyelwa ekhaya namaphilisi e-antibiotic.
- Izimo ezinzima ze-PID (isifo esibhebhethekisa isizalo) zingadinga ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela. Ama-antibiotics anikezwa ngomthambo kuqala.
- Ungaze uzilaphele ngaphandle kokubonwa udokotela wakho kuqala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Cishe uhhafu wamakhosikazi anegonorrhea aphinde atheleleke ngechlamydia. I-Chlamydia yelashwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nesifo segonorrhea. Uzodinga ukuvakashela kabusha emva kwezinsuku eziyisi-7 uma izimpawu zakho zibandakanya ubuhlungu bokuhlangana kwamathambo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besizalo noma besisu. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo siyaphela.

Abalingani bocansi kufanele bahlolwe futhi belashwe ukuvimbela ukudlulisa isifo phambili nangemuva. Wena nomlingani wakho kufanele niqede wonke ama-antibiotics. Sebenzisa amakhondomu kuze kube niqedile nokuthatha ama-antibiotics enu nobabili.

Bonke abalingani bocansi bomuntu onegonorrhea kufanele bathintwe futhi bahlolwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala okwengeziwe kwesifo.
- Kwezinye izindawo ungakwazi ukuthatha ulwazi nemithi uye kumlingani wakho wocansi ngokwakho.
- Kwezinye izindawo, umnyango wezempilo uyothinta umlingani wakho.


Sisaphephile yini lesi sinqumo?

Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukuphathwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa:
- I-American College of Radiology: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa ngokusebenzisa umshini
- I-Genetic Testing Registry: Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa wozalo
- I-Genetic Testing Registry: Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa, ozuzwe ngefa, 2
- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: I-Brachytherapy yesitho sangasese sowesilisa (uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza)
- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukuhlela umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa
- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa
- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukususa konke isitho sangasese sowesilisa (Radical Prostatectomy)
- I-MedlinePlus Health Topic: Ukuhlolela umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa
- I-National Cancer Institute: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
- I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Lezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokuphathwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuthola isifo
- Ukwelashwa ngomuthi
- Ukuhlinzwa nokubuyiselwa esimweni
- Ukwelulekwa ngezofuzo
- Ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezinesifo esinzima


Ingabe lesi sinqumo siphephile yini?

Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuze uthathe izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Ukusebenza Neqembu Lochwepheshe

Iqembu lochwepheshe livame ukwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza. Iqembu lizogcina udokotela oyinhloko aziswe ngokuqhubeka kwesiguli. Iqembu lingahlanganisa udokotela womdlavuza (medical oncologist) ongumcwaningi wokwelashwa komdlavuza, udokotela wezokuhlinzwa, udokotela wokwelapha ngemisebe (radiation oncologist) ongumcwaningi wokwelashwa ngokukhanya, nabanye. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ungafuna olunye udokotela ukuthi abuyekeze ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa. Ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zidinga uvo lwesibili lwezokwelapha. Ezinye zingakhokhela uvo lwesibili uma ulucela.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Komdlavuza Wesitho Sangasese (Prostate)

Abanye abaguliswa bomdlavuza wesitho sangasese (prostate) babamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lokwelashwa okusha. Lolu cwaningo - olubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha (clinical trials) - lwenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa okusha kuphephile futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqhathanisa ukwelashwa okusha nokujwayelekile ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukufunda ukuthi yikuphi okusebenza kangcono. Amadoda anomdlavuza wesitho sangasese anomdlandla wokubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha kufanele axoxe nodokotela wawo. I-U.S. National Institutes of Health (Izikhungo Zezempilo zaseUSA), ngokusebenzisa i-National Library of Medicine nezinye Izikhungo, igcina imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ku-ClinicalTrials.gov. Chofoza lapha ukuze ubone uhlu lwamanje lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha komdlavuza wesitho sangasese. Iwindi elisha lizovuleka. Chofoza uphawu lokuvalwa "x" egumbini eliphezulu kwesokudla lewindi "Clinical Trials" ukuze ubuyele lapha.


Ingabe lesi sinqumo siphephile?

Ngocwaningo, odokotela bazama ukuthola izindlela ezintsha, ezisebenza kangcono zokwelapha umdlavuza wesitho sangasese. I-Cryosurgery (ukuhlinza ngokuqandisa) -- ukubulala umdlavuza wesitho sangasese ngokuwuqandisa -- iyacwaningwa njengendlela ehlukile ekuhlinzweni nasekwelashweni ngemisebe. Ukugwema ukulimaza amatissue aphilile, udokotela ubeka ithuluzi elibizwa nge-cryoprobe (ithuluzi lokuqandisa) liqondane nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese ukuze liwuqandise. Odokotela bacwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamahormoni. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamahormoni okunikezwa emva kokwelashwa ngemisebe kungasiza abantu abathile abanesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esisabalele emathisyuni aseduze. Ososayensi baphinde bahlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngezinto zemvelo (biological therapy) kubantu abesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esingaphenduli noma esiyekile ukuphendula ekwelashweni ngamahormoni. Baphinde baphenye izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela nokuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene. Isibonelo, bacwaninga ukwelashwa ngamahormoni ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuwasebenzisa ukunciphisa umdlavuza wesitho sangasese ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu ahlinzwe noma athole imisebe kungaba yindlela esebenzayo yini. Baphinde bahlole ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kanye nemigomo ukuvimbela ukubuya komdlavuza wesitho sangasese. Ngo-2010, i-FDA yagunyaza umgomo wokwelapha umdlavuza okhethekile (therapeutic cancer vaccine), i-Provenge, ukusetshenziswa kubantu abathile abanesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esisabalele. Lesi sinqumo sasuselwa emiphumeleni yocwaningo lwezokwelapha (clinical trial) olwakhombisa ukuthuthuka ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezine ekuphileni sonke uma kuqhathaniswa nomgomo weplasebo (umgomo ongenalutho). Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngemigomo efanayo zisathuthukiswa.


I-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (isifo esihlasela imisipha esibangwa ukufa kwamaseli emisipha). Ngenza umsebenzi wocwaningo ngalesi sifo sofuzo futhi ngingathanda ukwazi kabanzi ngaso kudokotela oqeqeshekile. Ngicwaninga indlela yokudlulisela isifo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa/amaqembu okusekela, kanye nezindleko ezibhekene nomndeni.

Akukho lapho ukwelapha okwaziyo kokugula kwezinyama okubizwa ngeDuchenne muscular dystrophy (isifo esibulala izinyama). Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukulawula izimpawu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo. Imithi yamasteroyidi (imithi eqinisa izinyama) inganciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ezinyama. Ingaqalwa uma ingane ithola ukuthi inesifo noma uma amandla ezinyama eqala ukwehla. Okunye ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• I-Albuterol--umuthi osetshenziswa abantu abane-asthma
• Ama-amino acids
• I-Carnitine
• I-Coenzyme Q10
• I-Creatine
• Amafutha ezinhlanzi
• Okukhishwa kutiye oluhlaza
• I-Vitamin E

Nokho, imiphumela yalokhu kwelashwa ayikafakazelwa. Amaseli okhakhayi (stem cells) kanye nokwelashwa kwamajini kungasetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Kuyakhuthazwa ukuzivocavoca. Ukunganyakazi (njengokuphumula embhedeni) kungenza isifo sezinyama sibe sibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca kungasiza ukugcina amandla ezinyama nokusebenza kwazo. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kudingeka kaningi. Okunye ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukusizwa ngokuphefumula (kusetshenziswa emini noma ebusuku)
• Imithi yokusiza ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, njengama-angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ama-beta-blockers, nama-diuretics
• Izinto zokusiza amathambo (njengamabhreyisi, izitulo ezinamasondo, izinduku zokuhamba, nezinye izinsiza) ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba
• Ama-proton pump inhibitors (imithi evimbela ukuphuma kwesibindi) abantu abane-gastroesophageal reflux (ukuphuma kwesibindi)

Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokufunda izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezivivinyweni.


Ngilashwe ngomdlavuza webele futhi ngithole ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nomshini wokukhipha imisebe. Ngiphuza imithi eminingi kodwa kusukela ngayeka ukwelashwa manje sengibonakala nginesifo somoya. Ngiphuza i-Letrozole 2.5 mg ukuvimba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-estrogen emzimbeni wami njengoba isigaxa sami sasibambelela kwi-estrogen. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ezinomthelela ezimpawini zesifo somoya? Ngicela ungeluleke.

Imbangela eqondile ye-asthma ayaziwa. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ezinye izinto zofuzo kanye nezesimo sendawo ziyahlangana ukubanga i-asthma, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuphila. Lezi zinto zibandakanya: Ukuba nendlela yokuthola ama-allergy eyifuzo, ebizwa nge-atopy (AT-o-pe) Abazali abane-asthma Ezinye izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ngesikhathi sobuntwana Ukuthintana nezinto ezibanga ama-allergy emoyeni noma ukuhlangabezana namanye amagciwane ngesikhathi sokuncela noma ekuqaleni kobuntwana lapho uhlelo lokuvikeleka lomzimba lusakhuliswayo Uma i-asthma noma i-atopy ikhona emndenini wakho, ukuthintana nezinto ezihlupha (isibonelo, intuthu kagwayi) kungenza imithambokazi yakho yokuphefumula ibe nokuphendula kakhulu ezintweni ezisemoyeni. Ezinye izinto zingaba namathuba amaningi okubanga i-asthma kwabanye abantu kunakwabanye. Abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuphenya ukuthi yini ebanga i-asthma. I-"Hygiene Hypothesis" (injulalwazi yokuhlanzeka) Enye injulalwazi abacwaningi abanayo ngokubanga i-asthma yi-"hygiene hypothesis." Bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yethu yokuphila yaseNtshonalanga - eqhakambisa ukuhlanzeka nokugcina indawo ihlanzekile - iphumelelise ukushintsha izimo zethu zokuphila kanye nokwehla okuphelele kwezifo ekuqaleni kobuntwana. Izingane eziningi ezincane azisenayo uhlobo olufanayo lokuhlangabezana nesimo sendawo kanye nezifo njengoba izingane zazinakho esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kuthinta indlela uhlelo lokuvikeleka lomzimba lwezingane ezincane oluthuthuka ngayo ngesikhathi sokuqala sobuntwana, futhi kungakhuphula ubungozi bazo be-atopy kanye ne-asthma. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinezihlobo eziseduze ezine-asthma noma i-atopy noma zombili lezi zimo.


Umhlinzeki wami wezempilo akakwazi ukungisiza (Ngibuze.) Angikwazi ukumelana nawo wonke "amashukhopela" afana ne-maltilol, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol, njll. futhi ngidinga okuthile okuzosiza umlomo owomile obangelwa umuthi okufanele ngiwuphuze. Imikhiqizo ye-Biotene (eyokunciphisa umlomo owomile) isiza nje isikhathi esingangeminithi emibili kuphela.

Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile

Ukwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho ube mome. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi wakho noma alungise izinga. Uma amalende akho amathe engasebenzi kahle kodwa esengakwazi ukukhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi osiza amalende asebenze kangcono. Udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angaphinda ancome ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.

Okufanele Nokungafanele Kwenziwe

Okufanele Kwenziwe:
• Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya uma udla.
• Hlafuna i-gamu engenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuze kukhuthaze ukugeleza kwamathe.
• Sebenzisa umshini wokugcina umoya umanzi ebusuku ukuze kube nomswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.

Okungafanele Kwenziwe:
• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezine-caffeine njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agasayo. I-caffeine ingomisa umlomo.
• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Komisa umlomo.

Ucwaningo Lokwelashwa Ngamajini Lokungasebenzi Kahle Kwamalende Amathe

Ososayensi e-NIH's National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) baphenya ukusebenzisa okungenzeka kokwelashwa ngamajini ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalende amathe. Umqondo ukudlulisela amajini engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo emalende amathe abantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome (isifo esibanga ukopha kwamalende) kanye neziguli ezine-cancer ezilimele amalende azo amathe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba ukuthi lawa majini azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse ukuzwa okungapheli kokomisa okuhlupha abantu abanezimo zomlomo omile.

I-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ucwaningo lokucwaninga kubantu, ngokwelashwa ngamajini kwamalende amathe alimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamajini kungenziwa ngokuphepha emalende amathe nokuthi kunokwenzeka ukuthi kusize abasinde ekholofini lekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Funda isaziso sezindaba se-NIDCR ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokutholakele ocwaningweni. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ethembisayo yalolu vivinyo, kuhlelwe ukuba kwenziwe izivivinyo ezifanayo eziseduze esikhathini esizayo.

Ucwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Nezinye Izifo Ezithinta Amalende Amathe

I-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zifaka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibulala-magciwane esithile (i-monoclonal antibody) kanye nomuthi wokwelapha ukuvuvukala (i-corticosteroid) ukubona ukuthi ngabe noma yiluphi lwalolu kwelashwa kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe.

Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo zokuzivikela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezifo ezibanga amabuthu emalende zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalende amathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingaholela ngolunye usuku ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zamalende amathe.

Ukuze uhlale wazi nganoma yiziphi izifundo ezintsha ngokwelashwa ngamajini kanye nokusebenza kwamalende amathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov. I-ClinicalTrials.gov ibala zonke izivivinyo zokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye neziningi ezixhaswe ngasese e-U.S. nakulo lonke umhlaba; iwebhusayithi ibuyekezwa njalo.


Umhlinzeki wami akakwazi ukungisiza (ngimcelile.) Angivumelani kahle nazo zonke izinhlobo "zotshwala ezinoshukela" ezifana ne-maltilol, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol, njalonjalo futhi ngidinga okuthile komlomo owomile odalwa umuthi okufanele ngiwuthathe. Imikhiqizo ye-Biotene isiza isikhathi esingaba cishe amaminithi amabili kuphela.

Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho owomile. Uma umlomo wakho owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi wakho noma alungise isilinganiso. Uma izindlala zakho zamathe zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisengakwazi ukukhiqiza amathe, udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Angaphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwe ngokwezesayensi ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ukuthi umlomo owomile welashwa kanjani. Ukukhulisa ividiyo, chofoza izimpawu zokuvula nokuvala ezisesandleni sokudla ngezansi. Ukunciphisa ividiyo, cindezela inkinobho ye-Escape (Esc) ekhibhodini yakho.)


Umama wami unesifo sokunyuka kwegazi emithanjeni yeziphaphu, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni yeziphaphu, ngaseceleni lobunxele benhliziyo yakhe. Ingabe kukhona okungenzeka ukuthuthukisa impilo yakhe?

Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlunga noma ukuphatha i-pulmonary arterial hypertension: - Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: I-Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Edluliselwa Ngokuzalwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 2 - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 3 - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 4 - I-Ensayiklophediya ye-MedlinePlus: I-pulmonary hypertension Lezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlunga nokuphatha izimo ezahlukene zempilo: - Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlunga Izifo - Ukwelashwa Ngemithi - Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela - Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo - Ukunakekela Okunciphisa Izinhlungu


Yiluphi ulwazi olunalo uMtapo Wezincwadi Wezokwelapha Kazwelonke ezimayelana nezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa yemithambo yomzimba engaphandle?

I-Neuropathy ivame kakhulu. Kuneminhlobonhlobo eminingi kanye nezimbangela. Ngokuvamile, akukho mbangela etholakala. Ezinye izifo zemizwa zihamba ngomndeni. Isifo sikashukela siyimbangela evame kakhulu yalolu hlobo lwenkinga yemizwa. Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (okungukuthi igazi elinoshukela omningi) isikhathi eside angalimaza imizwa yakho. Ezinye izimo zempilo ezingabanga i-neuropathy yilezi:

- Izifo ze-autoimmune (lapho umzimba ulwa namaseli awo), njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus
- Isifo sezinso esikhathelelayo
- I-HIV
- Izifo zesibindi
- Amazinga aphansi e-vitamin B12 noma amanye ama-vitamin
- Isifo sokushintsha kokudla emzimbeni
- Ukuhlushwa okubangwa yizinsimbi ezinzima, njengomthofu
- Ukungahambi kahle kwegazi emilenzeni
- Isitshalo sokukhiqiza amahomoni esingasebenzi kahle

Ezinye izinto ezingaholela ekulimazekeni kwemizwa yilezi:

- Ithambo eliphukile elicindezelela umuzwa
- Ukuphuza utshwala kakhulu isikhathi eside
- Ukuhlushwa yi-glue, umthofu, i-mercury, kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi
- Imithi yokwelapha izifo, umdlavuza, ukuwa, kanye nomfutho ophezulu wegazi
- Ukucindezeleka komuzwa, njengalokhu okwenzeka kwisifo se-carpal tunnel (ukucindezeleka komuzwa esandleni)
- Ukuba sebandeni isikhathi eside
- Ukucindezeleka okuvela kuma-cast, ama-splint, i-brace, noma izinduku zokuhamba ezingalingani kahle


Sawubona Dokotela, uma kune-simo sesiguli esine-tshe emathunjini elingango-1.2mm (amamilimitha) x 2.3mm (amamilimitha). Yini engingayenza? Ngicela, ngicela iseluleko sakho.

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekuhlobeni kwetshe kanye nobungako bezimpawu zakho. Amatshe ezinso amancane kakhulu avame ukudlula ngokwawo ohlelweni lwakho.

• Umchamo wakho kufanele uhluziwe ukuze itshe ligcinwe futhi lihlolwe.
• Phuza okungenani amankomishi ayi-6 kuya kwayisi-8 (amagremu angu-1.4 kuya ku-1.9) amanzi ngosuku ukuze ukhiqize umchamo omningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi itshe lidlule.
• Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu. Imithi yezinhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemishanguzo (isibonelo, i-ibuprofen ne-naproxen), noma yodwa noma ihambisana nezidakamizwa, ingasebenza kahle kakhulu.

Abanye abantu abanezinhlungu ezinzima ezivela ematshe ezinso badinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. Ungadinga ukuthola uketshezi ngomthambo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamatshe, umdabi wakho angakuyalela ukuthatha imithi ukuvimbela amatshe ukuthi angabumbeki noma usizo ukubhidliza nokususa izinto ezibanga itshe. Le mithi ingabandakanya:

• I-Allopurinol (yamatshe e-uric acid)
• Ama-antibiotics (amatshe e-struvite)
• Amaphilisi okukhipha umchamo
• Izixazululo ze-phosphate
• I-sodium bicarbonate noma i-sodium citrate
• Amaphilisi amanzi (ama-thiazide diuretics)
• I-Tamsulosin ukuphumula i-ureter nokusiza itshe lidlule

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka uma:
• Itshe likhulu kakhulu ukuthi lidlule ngokwalo
• Itshe likhula
• Itshe livimba ukuhamba komchamo futhi libanga isifo noma umonakalo wezinso
• Ubuhlungu abukwazi ukulawuleka

Namuhla, ukwelashwa okuningi akusafaki kakhulu ngaphakathi njengakuqala.

• I-Lithotripsy (ukubhidliza amatshe ngamagagasi) isetshenziselwa ukususa amatshe amancane kancane kunengxenye yezingalo eziyi-12.7 mm elilinganiselwa ezinsweni noma kwi-ureter. Isebenzisa umsindo noma amagagasi okushaya ukubhidliza amatshe. Bese, izingcezu zamatshe ziphuma emzimbeni ngomchamo. Iphinde ibizwe ngokuthi i-extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy noma i-ESWL.

• Izinqubo ezenziwa ngokudlulisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ngokusika okuncane kwesikhumba sakho nokuya ezinsweni zakho noma kwi-ureters zisetshenziswa ematshe amakhulu, noma lapho izinso noma izindawo ezizungezile zakheke ngendlela engafanele. Itshe lisuswa ngombobo (i-endoscope).

• I-Ureteroscopy (ukuhlola i-ureter ngombobo) ingasetshenziswa ematshe angaphansi ohlelweni lomchamo.

• Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile (i-nephrolithotomy) kungadingeka uma ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi noma zingenakwenzeka.

Khuluma nomdabi wakho ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezingasebenza kuwe.


i-sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi okubucayi). Ingabe i-sepsis kungavinjelwa?

Futhi, ingabe umuntu angayithola lesi sifo esibhedlela?

Ingozi ye-sepsis (isifo sokosuleleka kwegazi) ingancishiswa ngokuthola zonke izigomo ezinconyelwayo. Esibhedlela, ukugeza izandla kahle ngokucophelela kungasiza ukuvimbela izifo ezingaholela kwi-sepsis. Ukukhishwa ngokushesha kwamakhathethi omchamo namapayipi okufaka umuthi emzimbeni uma engasadingeki nawo kungasiza ukuvimbela izifo ezingaholela kwi-sepsis.


Kusukela ngesikhathi ngiqala ukuthatha i-Letrozole (umuthi wokwelapha umdlavuza) ezinyangeni ezingu-4.6 ezedlule, manje sengine-cyst engu-4 cm phambi kwesibeletho sami sokudla okufanele sisuswe. Kungani nginikwa umuthi ophinde unikezwe abesifazane abasha abazama ukukhulelwa? Sengidlule esikhathini futhi ngaba nomdlavuza wesifuba osesigabeni sokuqala ngo-2010. Manje, njengoba sengiphetha iminyaka emihlanu ngisebenzisa lo muthi, nginemiphumela emibi ne-cyst. Ingabe i-cyst iqanda elingakhulelwanga elizalwe ngamashubhu e-Fallopian? Angikwazi ukuqonda le ndlela yokunginika lo muthi?

I-Letrozole isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele esigabeni sokuqala kubesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma (ukuphela kwezinsuku zokuya esikhathini) nabalashe ngezinye izindlela, njengokusetshenziswa kwemikhanya yokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa ukususa umhlaza. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha umdlavuza webele esigabeni sokuqala kubesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma nabasebenzise umuthi obizwa nge-tamoxifen (Nolvadex) iminyaka emihlanu.

I-Letrozole iphinde isetshenziselwe abesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma:
1. Njengokwelapha kokuqala komdlavuza webele osusabalele ebeleni noma kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.
2. Kubesifazane umdlavuza wabo webele oye waba mubi ngesikhathi bethatha i-tamoxifen.

I-Letrozole ingumuthi ohlukaniswa ngokuthi i-nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Isebenza ngokunciphisa inani lohlobo lwehomoni ebizwa nge-estrogen ekhiqizwa umzimba. Lokhu kunganciphisa noma kuvimbe ukukhula kwamasosha omzimba angenampilo adala umdlavuza webele adinga i-estrogen ukuze akhule.


Ngabe uma umuntu omile kakhulu ngabe kwesinye isikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu obuqinile obucindezela esifubeni sakhe (ngqo nje ngaphansi kwamabele) ngaphambi kokuba aquleke noma awe phansi?

Izimpawu zokuncipha kwamanzi okuncane kuya kokuphakathi:
- Ukoma
- Umlomo owomile noma onamathayo
- Ukungachami kakhulu
- Umchamo ophuzi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
- Isikhumba esomile, nesibandayo
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Amakwanga ezicubu

Izimpawu zokuncipha kwamanzi okuxwayile:
- Ukungachami, noma umchamo ophuzi kakhulu noma onombala wegolide
- Isikhumba esomile, esisongelekile
- Ukucasuka noma ukudideka
- Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unesiyezi
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha
- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
- Amehlo angene phakathi okuxwayile
- Ukungabi namandla
- Ukwehla kakhulu komfutho wegazi
- Ukuphelelwa amandla noma ukudideka okuxwayile


Igama: [IGAMA] Usuku Nesikhathi Sokuxhumana: NgLwesine, 1 Januwari 2015 16:10:06 GMT Uhlelo lokusebenza: myncbi I-SessionId: CE9069DE4A56A0A1_0093SID Igama Lomsebenzisi le-MyNCBI: Isiphathimandla: portal205 Isithombe somzuzwana: /projects/MyNCBI/myncbiPortal@2.45 Ikheli le-user agent lesiphequluli sewebhu: Mozilla/4.0 (ihambisana; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2) Isikhathi Sokwakhiwa Kwekhasi Lohlelo Lokusebenza: 2015-01-01T11:03:27-05:00 Ikhasi: recentactivity Umyalezo: Sihlala e-[INDAWO] futhi umyeni wami utholakale ene-insulinoma (isigaxa esakheka ngokweqile segazi). Sidinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalolu daba njengoba odokotela bengakaze bayibone lapha. Siyabonga kakhulu kakhulu ngempendulo yakho. Sifisela nonke uNyaka oMusha omuhle futhi sibonga kakhulu kakhulu ngosizo lwenu.

I-insulinoma ingumhlaza esiswini sempushane okhiqiza i-insulin engaphezu kwesidingo.


Ngabe kukhona okusizayo kulokhu ekwelapheni ama-keloid esikhumba? Futhi, yini engasiza ama-keloid?

Amakeloids avamise ukungadingeki ukwelashwa. Uma ikeloid ikukhathaza, lezi zinto zingenzeka ukunciphisa usayizi wayo:  - Ukujova i-corticosteroid  - Ukuqandisa (i-cryotherapy)  - Ukwelashwa nge-laser  - I-radiation  - Ukususwa ngoqhaqho  - I-silicone gel noma ama-patch esilicone  Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingenza isibazi sekeloid sibe sikhulu kakhulu kunasekuqaleni.


Mnumzane Othandekayo. Ngingu[NAME] ovela eNdiya esifundazweni saseGujarat. Ubaba wami oneminyaka engu-61 ubudala uhlaselwe umdlavuza wephenkriyasi futhi ususesigabeni sesithathu noma sesine. Bonke odokotela bahlulekile ukusisiza njengoba betshela ubaba wami ukuthi angeke aphile ngaphezulu kwezinyanga ezine. Ngifuna ukuthola iziphakamiso zakho kanye nosizo ngobaba wami onesifo somdlavuza wephenkriyasi. Ngifuna ukusindisa impilo kababa wami. Uma kukhona uhlobo lwanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholakalayo, ngicela ungisize. Ngicela ungithinte kule nombolo yocingo engezansi. [CONTACT]

Ukwelashwa kwe-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo lomhlaza wesitho sepankreasi) kuncike esigabeni somhlaza wesitho sepankreasi. Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka uma umhlaza ungakasabalali noma usabalale kancane. Kanye nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy (ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali) noma i-radiation therapy (ukwelashwa ngemisebe) noma kokubili kungasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Inani elincane labantu lingalapheka ngalendlela yokwelashwa.

Uma umhlaza ungakasabalali ngaphandle kwepankreasi kodwa ungeke uhlinzwe, i-chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy ndawonye zinganconywa. Uma umhlaza usabalele kwezinye izitho njengasesibindini, i-chemotherapy yodwa ivame ukusetshenziswa.

Ngomhlaza osuthuthuke kakhulu, inhloso yokwelashwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu. Isibonelo, uma umbhobho othwala inyongo uvinjelwe umhlaza wepankreasi, inqubo yokufaka i-stent (ishubhu elincane lokuvula) ingenziwa ukuvula ukuvinjelwa. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa isisu, ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba, nokuluma kwesikhumba.


Igama: [IGAMA] Usuku Nesikhathi Sokuxhumana: uMsombuluko, 19 Januwari 2015 19:48:21 GMT Uhlelo: entrez Idathabheyisi: pubmed I-SessionId: 39700B4F4BD5E951_0188SID Igama Lomsebenzisi le-MyNCBI: Imininingwane ye-user agent yebrowser: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10) AppleWebKit/600.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Safari/600.1.25 Umzimba Womlayezo: Ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele kanjani ukuthi unesifo somoya?

Umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosebenzisa ithuluzi lokulalela (i-stethoscope) ukulalela amaphaphu akho. Ukuhefuzela noma eminye imisindo ehlobene nesifo somoya (i-asthma) ingezwakala. Ukuhlolwa okungase kufakwe uhlu:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibanga ukuba nezifo zokwelulama (i-allergy) - ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma kwegazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu onesifo somoya unezinto ezithile ezimenza agule

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elivela emithanjeni (i-Arterial blood gas) (ivame ukwenziwa kuphela ezigulini ezinohlaselo olukhulu lwesifo somoya)

3. Ukuthathwa kwesithombe samaphaphu (i-x-ray)

4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, kufaka phakathi nokukalwa kwendlela umoya ophuma ngamandla (i-peak flow)


Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-Hypertension kanye ne-fibromyalgia, ngibonakala njalo ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

Umfutho wegazi uyisilinganiso samandla acindezeleka ezindongeni zemithambo yakho yegazi njengoba inhliziyo yakho ipompa igazi iye emzimbeni wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) yigama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kunikezwa njengezinombolo ezimbili. Inombolo engaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-systolic (uma inhliziyo ishaya). Inombolo engezansi ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-diastolic (uma inhliziyo iphumula). Isibonelo, 120 ngaphezu kuka-80 (kubhalwa njenge-120/80 mmHg, lapho mmHg ikhombisa isilinganiso somfutho wegazi). Enye noma zombili lezi zinombolo zingaba phezulu kakhulu. (Qaphela: Lezi zinombolo zisebenza kubantu abangathathi imithi yomfutho wegazi futhi abangaguli.)

- Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg isikhathi esiningi.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungu-140/90 mmHg noma ngaphezulu isikhathi esiningi.
- Uma izinombolo zomfutho wegazi wakho zingu-120/80 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa zingaphansi kuka-140/90, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi osendleleni yokuba phezulu (pre-hypertension).

Uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso, noma uke washaywa yisifo ohlangothi, udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho ube phansi kakhulu kunalowo wabantu abangenalezi zimo.


Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-fibromyalgia (isifo sezinhlungu emzimbeni wonke), kubonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela, engingenawo. Ngiyakujabulela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

Isifinyezo  Umfutho wegazi uyingcindezi yegazi lakho elicindezela izindonga zemithambo yakho. Njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi liye emithanjeni. Umfutho wegazi lakho uphakeme kakhulu uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-systolic pressure. Uma inhliziyo yakho iphumule, phakathi kwemishayelo, umfutho wegazi lakho uyehla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-diastolic pressure. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho kusebenzisa lezi zinombolo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile inombolo ye-systolic ifika ngaphambi noma ngaphezulu kwenombolo ye-diastolic. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kwe- - 119/79 noma ngaphansi kuyumfutho wegazi ojwayelekile - 140/90 noma ngaphezulu kungumfutho wegazi ophakeme - Phakathi kwe-120 ne-139 enombolweni ephezulu, noma phakathi kwe-80 ne-89 enombolweni engaphansi kubizwa ngokuthi i-prehypertension (isimo esingaphambili somfutho wegazi ophakeme). I-prehypertension isho ukuthi ungagcina unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngaphandle uma uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokuvamile awunazimpawu, kodwa ungabanga izinkinga ezinzima njengokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokuphela kwezinso. Ungalawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yempilo enempilo njengokuzivocavoca kanye nohlelo lokudla lwe-DASH (Izindlela Zokudla Zokumisa Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme) kanye nokuthatha imithi, uma kudingeka.  NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Senhliziyo, Amaphaphu, neGazi


Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nefibromyalgia, kubonakala sengathi ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olukhona. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]

I-Fibromyalgia isindrome ejwayelekile lapho umuntu eba nobuhlungu isikhathi eside kakhulu, obusakazeke emzimbeni wonke jikelele. Ubuhlungu buvamise ukuhambisana nokukhathala, izinkinga zokulala, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukudangala, kanye nokwesaba. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nokuzwela kanye nobuhlungu emazweni, emisipheni, emithambo kanye nakwamathishu athambile emzimbeni.


Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuphakama komfutho wegazi (Hypertension) kanye nesifo sokuqaqamba kwezicubu zomzimba (fibromyalgia), ngibonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko eziphathelene nesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]. Siyabonga.

Isifinyezo I-Fibromyalgia yisifo esibangela ubuhlungu bamashubhu nokudangala. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bane "zindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu" emzimbeni. Izindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu yizindawo ezithile entanyeni, emahlombe, emhlane, emakaleni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Lezi zindawo zibuhlungu uma zidindwa. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nezinye izimpawu, ezifana:
- Inkinga yokulala
- Ukuqina kwasekuseni
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Isikhathi sokuya enyangeni esibuhlungu
- Ukuba nobizinyo noma ukungezwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni
- Izinkinga zokucabanga nokukhumbula (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "inkungu ye-fibro" - isimo sokungakwazi ukucabanga kahle)
- Ukucindezeleka

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela i-fibromyalgia. Noma ngabe ubani angayithola, kodwa ivame kakhulu kubesifazane asebekhulile. Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis nezinye izifo lapho umzimba ulwa nawo bavame kakhulu ukuthola i-fibromyalgia. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-fibromyalgia, kodwa imithi ingakusiza ukuthi ulawule izimpawu zakho. Ukulala ngokwanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla kahle kungasiza futhi.

NIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo): Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Arthritis ne-Musculoskeletal neziFo zeSikhumba


Umbuzo. Yini umbono ohlanganyelelwe wabodokotela bezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa? Futhi unayo yini umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa?

Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:
- Ukuqapha ukuvuvukala komgudu womoya
- Ukugwema izinto eziqala izimpawu zakho
- Ukukusiza ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-asthma

Wena nodokotela wakho kufanele nisebenze njengethimba ukulawula i-asthma yakho. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokuthatha imithi, ukuqeda izinto eziqala i-asthma, nokuqapha izimpawu.

IMITHI YE-ASTHMA
Kunemihlobo emibili yemithi yokwelapha i-asthma:
- Imithi yokulawula ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa
- Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (yokukhulula) ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela

IMITHI YESIKHATHI ESIDE
Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokugcina noma yokulawula. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izimpawu kubantu abane-asthma ephakathi noma enzima. Kufanele uyiphuze nsuku zonke ukuze isebenze. Yiphuze ngisho uma uzizwa ulungile. Eminye imithi yesikhathi eside iphefumulwa (ihogelwa), njengama-steroid (imithi yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) nama-beta-agonists (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) esikhathi eside. Eminye ithathwa ngomlomo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela umuthi ofanele wena.

IMITHI YOKUSIZA NGOKUSHESHA
Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokukhulula. Ithathwa:
- Ngokokhwehlela, ukuhefuzela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuhlasela kwe-asthma
- Ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma ezidalwa ukuzivocavoca

Tshela udokotela wakho uma usebenzisa imithi yokusiza ngokushesha kabili ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Uma kunjalo, i-asthma yakho ingahle ingalawuleki kahle futhi udokotela wakho kungenzeka adinge ukushintsha umthamo wakho wemithi yokulawula yansuku zonke.

Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha ifaka:
- Ama-bronchodilator (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) ahogelwayo esikhathi esifushane
- Ama-corticosteroid (imithi enamandla yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) aphuziwe uma une-asthma attack engapheli

Ukuhlasela kwe-asthma okubi kudinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela. Kungenzeka futhi udinge ukuhlala esibhedlela. Lapho, uzothola i-oxygen, usizo lokuphefumula, nemithi enikezwa ngemithambo (IV).

UKUNAKEKELWA KWE-ASTHMA EKHAYA
- Yazi izimpawu ze-asthma okufanele uziqaphele.
- Yazi ukuthi uthatha kanjani izinga lakho lokuhamba komoya futhi lichaza ukuthini.
- Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma lokhu kwenzeka.
- Yazi ukuthi unakekela kanjani i-asthma yakho uma uzivocavoca.

Izinhlelo zokwenza i-asthma yimibhalo ebhalwe phansi yokulawula i-asthma. Uhlelo lokwenza i-asthma kufanele lufake:
- Imiyalelo yokuthatha imithi ye-asthma uma isimo sakho siqinile
- Uhlu lwezinto eziqala i-asthma nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani
- Indlela yokubona uma i-asthma yakho iba mbi, nokuthi ubize nini udokotela noma unesi

I-peak flow meter yithuluzi elilula lokulinganisa ukuthi ungawusheshisa kangakanani umoya ophuma emaphashini akho.
- Ingakusiza ubone uma ukuhlasela kuza, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezimpawu zingakaveli.
- Ukukalwa kwe-peak flow kusiza ukukwazisa uma udinga ukuthatha umuthi noma esinye isenzo.
- Amanani e-peak flow aphakathi kwengxenye (50%) nengxenye eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi (80%) emiphumeleni yakho emihle ayisiboniso sokuhlasela kwe-asthma okuphakathi nendawo.
- Amanani angaphansi kwengxenye (50%) ayisiboniso sokuhlasela okubi.


Umbuzo. Yini ukuvumelana kodokotela mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka? Futhi ingabe unayo indatshana noma umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka?

I-asthma yisifo sesikhathi eside esingenalo ukwelapha. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-asthma ukusilawula lesi sifo. Ukulawula kahle i-asthma kuzokwenza lokhu:

- Kuvimbele izimpawu ezingaziwa nezinkinga, njengokukhwehlela nokushoda komoya
- Kunciphise isidingo sakho semithi yokusiza ngokushesha
- Kukusize ugcine ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu
- Kukuvumele ugcine izinga lakho elijwayelekile lokusebenza futhi ulale ubusuku bonke
- Kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwe-asthma okungaholela ekuvakasheleni igumbi eliphuthumayo noma ukuhlala esibhedlela

Ukulawula i-asthma, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukulawula i-asthma yakho noma eyengane yakho. Izingane ezineminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu - kanye nezingane ezincane ezikwazi - kufanele zithathe indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni kwe-asthma yazo.

Ukuthatha indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-asthma yakho kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukusebenza nodokotela ukwelapha ezinye izimo ezingaphazamisa ukulawulwa kwe-asthma.
2. Ukugwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi (izivusi ze-asthma). Kodwa-ke, ungagwemi ukushukuma komzimba. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo enhle.
3. Ukusebenza nabasizi bezempilo ukwenza nokulandela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma. Lolu hlelo lunikeza imihlahlandlela yokuthatha imithi, ukugwema izivusi ze-asthma, ukulandela izinga lokulawula, nokuphendula ezimpawini ezimbi.

I-asthma yelashwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi:
1. Imithi yokulawula kwesikhathi eside: Inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya ivimbele izimpawu.
2. Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha ("yokusindisa"): Yelapha izimpawu eziqhamukayo.

Ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoncika ekubucayini kwe-asthma yakho. Udokotela angashintsha imithi yakho ngokwesidingo. Landela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-asthma olwenziwe nodokotela wakho. Lolu hlelo luchaza ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke nendlela yokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Gwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi. Lokhu kungahlanganisa upholeni, ukungcola komoya, noma uboya bezilwane. Kodwa-ke, qhubeka nokushukuma komzimba ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho.

Uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokuphindisela, ingcindezi, noma i-sleep apnea (ukungaphefumuli kahle ubuthe ulele), udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lezi zimo futhi.

Imithi

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto eziningi uma enquma ukuthi yimiphi imithi yesifuba somoya engcono kuwe. Uzobheka ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe. Bese, uzohlelela umthamo noma umuthi njengoba kudingeka. Imithi yesifuba somoya ingathathwa njengemaphilisi, kodwa iningi lithathwa kusetshenziswa isixhobo esibizwa nge-inhaler. I-inhaler ivumela umuthi ukuthi uye ngqo emaphashini akho. Hhayi zonke ama-inhaler asetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Cela udokotela wakho noma omunye umuntu okunakekela impilo ukuthi akubonise indlela efanele yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho. Buyekeza indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-inhaler yakho kuzo zonke izivakashelo zokwelashwa.

Imithi Yokulawula Isikhathi Eside

Abantu abaningi abanesifuba somoya badinga ukuthatha imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu. Imithi enamandla kakhulu isikhathi eside inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya, okusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ziqale. Le mithi ayikuphilisi ngokushesha ezimpawini.

Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo yiwo amithi ekhethwayo yokulawula isikhathi eside sesifuba somoya. Yiyo indlela esebenza kakhulu yokwelapha isikhathi eside ukuvuvukala nokudumba okwenza imithamo yakho yomoya ibe nobuthaka ezintweni ezithile eziphefumulwayo. Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kusiza ukuvimbela ukuxhumana okubangela izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Abantu abaningi abathatha le mithi nsuku zonke bathola ukuthi inciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezimpawu nokuthi zivela kangaki.

Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo ahlale ephephile uma ethathwa njengoba emisiwe. Le mithi yehlukile kuma-anabolic steroids angekho emthethweni athathwa yizindlalifa ezithile. Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo awabangeli ukujwayela, ngisho noma uwathatha nsuku zonke iminyaka eminingi.

Njengeminye imithi eminingi, ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo angaba nemiphumela engemihle. Odokotela abaningi bayavumelana ukuthi izinzuzo zokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya zibaluleke kakhulu kunobungozi bemiphumela engemihle. Umphumela ongemihle ojwayelekile kusuka kuma-corticosteroid ahogekayo ukutheleleka komlomo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-thrush. Ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kwi-inhaler yakho ukugwema i-thrush. Lezi zinto zinamatheliswa kwi-inhaler yakho. Zisiza ukuvimbela umuthi ukuthi ungahlali emlonyeni wakho noma ngemuva komphimbo wakho.

Hlola nodokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kufanele isetshenziswe ne-inhaler onayo. Futhi, sebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unemibuzo mayelana nokusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber. Ukuhlamba umlomo wakho ngamanzi emva kokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nako kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho be-thrush.

Uma unesifuba somoya esikhulu, kungenzeka uthathe amaphilisi e-corticosteroid noma amanzi okwesikhashana ukuze ulawule isifuba somoya sakho. Uma uthathwa isikhathi eside, le mithi ikhuphula ubungozi bakho bokuba ne-cataracts (ukufiphala kwelense esweni) ne-osteoporosis (isifo esenza amathambo abe buthaka). Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi wengeze omunye umuthi wokulawula isifuba somoya isikhathi eside ukuze akwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wakho wama-corticosteroids. Noma, angaphakamisa ukuthi uthathe amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D ukuvikela amathambo akho.

Eminye imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside ihlanganisa:

1. I-Cromolyn: Ithathwa ngesixhobo esibizwa nge-nebulizer esithumela umusi womuthi emaphashini.
2. I-Omalizumab (anti-IgE): Inikezwa njengomjovo kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Ivimbela umzimba ukuphendula ezintweni ezidala isifuba somoya.
3. Ama-beta2-agonists ahogekayo asebenza isikhathi eside: Avula imithamo yomoya. Asetshenziswa nama-corticosteroids ahogekayo.
4. Ama-Leukotriene modifiers: Athathwa ngomlomo. Avimba ukuxhumana okwandisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya.
5. I-Theophylline: Ithathwa ngomlomo. Ivula imithamo yomoya.

Thatha imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke. Izimpawu zingabuya noma zibe zimbi uma uyeka ukuyithatha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engemihle nezindlela zokuyinciphisa.

Imithi Yokuphilisa Ngokushesha

Bonke abantu abanesifuba somoya badinga imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha. Ama-beta2-agonists amafushane ahogekayo yiwo ukukhetha kokuqala. Asebenza ngokushesha ukuqaqa imisipha ezungeze imithamo yomoya. Yithatha uma uqala ukubona izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Uma uyisebenzisa ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Thwala i-inhaler yakho yokuphilisa ngokushesha nawe njalo.

Landela Isifuba Somoya Sakho

Gcina amarekhodi ezimpawu, hlola i-peak flow, futhi uthole ukuhlolwa njalo. Rekhoda izimpawu kudayari. Isifuba somoya silawulwa kahle uma:

- Unezimpawu hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.
- Ungenza zonke izinto zakho ezijwayelekile.
- Uthatha imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.
- Awubi nokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngaphezu kokukodwa ngonyaka okudinga ama-corticosteroids ngomlomo.
- I-peak flow yakho ayehli ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-80 enombolweni yakho engcono kakhulu.

Sebenzisa i-peak flow meter njalo ekuseni. Irekhoda ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ukuyisebenzisa nokuthatha imithi yakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni.

Thola ukuhlolwa kwesifuba somoya njalo. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu zakho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, nezinombolo ze-peak flow. Angashintsha imithi yakho uma kudingeka.

Ukwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya emaqenjini Akhethekile

Ukwelashwa okuchazwe ngenhla kuvame ukusebenza kubo bonke abantu abaneSifuba Somoya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zokwelashwa zihluka kubantu abakumaqembu athile eminyaka kanye nalabo abanesidingo esikhethekile.

Izingane
Kunzima ukubona iSifuba Somoya ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi izingane ezincane eziphefumula kanzima noma ezinezinye izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zizozuza yini emithini yokulawula isikhathi eside. (Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha ivame ukusiza ukuphefumula kanzima ezinganeni ezincane noma zineZifuba Somoya noma cha.) Odokotela bazokwelapha izingane ezincane nezisanda kuzalwa ezinezimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ngemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside uma, emva kokuhlola ingane, bezizwa ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka futhi zingaqhubeka emva kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. (Ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, yana ku "Sibonwa Kanjani iSifuba Somoya?")

Amacorticosteroid ahogekayo yikona okunconywa ukwelapha izingane ezincane. I-Montelukast ne-cromolyn zinye izinketho. Ukwelashwa kunganikezwa isikhathi sokuhlola esiyinyanga eyodwa kuya emavikini ayisithupha. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukumiswa uma kungabonakali izinzuzo ngaleso sikhathi futhi udokotela nabazali beqinisekile ukuthi umuthi usetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.

Amacorticosteroid ahogekayo angahle anciphise ukukhula kwezingane zazo zonke izinyaka. Ukuncipha kokukhula kuvame ukubonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa, kuvamise ukuba kuncane, futhi akuyi kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. ISifuba Somoya esingalawuleki kahle naso singanciphisa izinga lokukhula kwengane. Izingcweti eziningi zicabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zamacorticosteroid ahogekayo ezinganeni eziwadingayo ukulawula iSifuba Somoya sazo zingcono kakhulu kunengozi yokuncipha kokukhula.

Abantu Abadala
Odokotela kungadingeka balungise ukwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya kubantu abadala abaphuza eminye imithi ethile, njengama-beta blockers, i-aspirin neminye imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala. Le mithi ingavimbela imithi yeSifuba Somoya ukuthi isebenze kahle futhi ingenza izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zibe zimbi. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuza, kufaka phakathi nemithi engadingekile ukuyithola ngemvume kadokotela.

Abantu abadala bangathola amathambo abuthakathaka ngokusebenzisa amacorticosteroid ahogekayo, ikakhulukazi ngezinga eliphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D, kanye nezinye izindlela zokusiza ukugcina amathambo akho eqinile.

Abesifazane Abakhulelwe
Abesifazane abakhulelwe abaneSifuba Somoya kufanele balawule isifo ukuze baqinisekise ukuhlinzeka okuhle kwe-oxygen ezinganeni zabo. Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kwandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia (isimo lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ethola khona umfutho wegazi ophezulu namaphrotheni emchamo). Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kuphinde kwandise ingozi yokuthi ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ibe nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuphuza imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kunokubeka engozini yokuba nohlobo olubi lweSifuba Somoya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uneSifuba Somoya futhi ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Izinga lakho lokulawula iSifuba Somoya lingaba ngcono noma libe libi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola ukulawuleka kweSifuba Somoya sakho izikhathi eziningi futhi lilungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.

Abantu Abathola Izimpawu ZeSifuba Somoya Ngesikhathi Benza Imisebenzi Yomzimba
Imisebenzi yomzimba iyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphila enempilo. Abantu abadala badinga imisebenzi yomzimba ukugcina impilo enhle. Izingane ziyidinga ngokukhula nokuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, imisebenzi yomzimba ingabanga izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe noma enganeni yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezingcono zokulawula iSifuba Somoya ukuze uqhubeke uhlale usebenza.

Le mithi elandelayo ingasiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba:

• Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha (ama-beta2-agonists asebenza ngokushesha) athathwa ngaphambi nje kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba angahlala ama-awa amabili kuya kwamanthathu futhi avimbele izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca kubantu abaningi abayithatha.

• Ama-beta2-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside anganikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, angeke esanikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwale mithi emzimbeni kungaba yisiboniso sokuthi iSifuba Somoya silawuleka kabi.

• Ama-Leukotriene modifiers (imithi elawula ukuvuvukala). Lawa maphilisi athathwa ama-awa ambalwa ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba. Angasiza ukwelapha izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba.

• Imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside. Izimpawu ezivamile noma ezinzima ngenxa yemisebenzi yomzimba zingasho iSifuba Somoya esilawuleka kabi kanye nesidingo sokuqala noma ukwandisa imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside enciphisa ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca.

Ukungena kancane emisebenzini yomzimba nesikhathi sokufudumala kungasiza. Ungafuna nokugqoka imaski noma isikhafu emlonyeni uma uzivocavoca ezimweni ezibandayo. Uma usebenzisa imithi yakho yeSifuba Somoya njengoba udokotela wakho ekulayeza, kufanele ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba noma umdlalo owukhethayo.

Abantu Abahlinzwayo
ISifuba Somoya singengeza ingozi yokuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kweshubhu emphinjeni wakho kungabanga ukuhlaselwa yiSifuba Somoya. Tshela udokotela wakho wokuhlinza ngeSifuba Somoya sakho uma uqala ukukhuluma naye. Udokotela wokuhlinza angathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho, njengokukunika imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.


Izindlela zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi wakho ukuze ube nengozi encane yokuba nezinkinga. Wena kanye nomdabi wakho kufanele nibeke inhloso yomfutho wegazi kuwena. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane (i-pre-hypertension), umhlinzeki wakho uzokuncoma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze wehlise umfutho wegazi wakho ube sesimweni esijwayelekile. Imithi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kumfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane.

UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YOKUPHILA
Kuningi ongakwenza ukuze usize ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho ekhaya, okuhlanganisa:
- Dla ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni, okuhlanganisa i-potassium (umsoco wokwakha amathambo) kanye ne-fiber (umanya).
- Phuza amanzi amaningi.
- Zivocavoce njalo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yoku-aerobic ngosuku.
- Uma ubhema, yeka.
- Nciphisa utshwala ophuza ngalo, kube yisiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kubantu besifazane, nezimbili ngosuku kubantu besilisa.
- Nciphisa inani le-sodium (usawoti) oyidlayo. Zama ukudla okungaphansi kuka-1,500 mg ngosuku.
- Nciphisa ingcindezi. Zama ukugwema izinto ezikubangela ingcindezi, futhi uzame ukuzindla noma i-yoga ukuze wehlise ingcindezi.
- Hlala esisindweni somzimba esiphilile.

Umdabi wakho angakusiza uthole izinhlelo zokwehlisa isisindo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuzivocavoca. Ungathola futhi ukudluliselwa kudayetishini, ongakusiza ukuhlela ukudla okunempilo kuwena. Ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho kufanele ube phansi kangakanani nokuthi kuyiphi inani okudingeka uqale ngalo ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha onazo.

IMITHI YOMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME
Isikhathi esiningi, umdabi wakho uzozama ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuqala bese ehlola umfutho wegazi wakho izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Imithi izosungulwa uma ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi wakho kuhlala noma kukhula kula mazinga:
- Inombolo ephezulu (umfutho wegazi systolic) ka-140 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala
- Inombolo ephezulu ka-150 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu
- Inombolo ephansi (umfutho wegazi diastolic) ka-90 noma ngaphezulu

Uma unesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma umlando wokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, imithi ingaqalwa ekufundweni komfutho wegazi ophansi. Izinhloso zomfutho wegazi ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabantu abanalezi zinkinga zezokwelapha zingaphansi kuka-130 kuya ku-140/80 mmHg. Kunemithi eminingi eyahlukene yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Ngokuvamile, umuthi owodwa womfutho wegazi ungase ungabi wanele ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho, futhi ungadinga ukuthatha imithi emibili noma ngaphezulu.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthathe imithi oyinikiwe.
- Uma unezimpawu ezihlukumezayo, udokotela wakho angafaka omunye umuthi esikhundleni sawo.


Ngingasiza kanjani umlomo owomile?

Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile

Ukwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoya ngokuthi yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho omile. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase ashintshe umuthi wakho noma alungise isikali. Uma izindlala zakho zokukha amathe zingasebenzi kahle kodwa zisakhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angase akunike umuthi osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angaphinde aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.

Okufanele Nokungafanele Kwenziwe

Okufanele Kwenziwe:
• Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza ukuhlafuna nokugwinya kube lula uma udla.
• Hlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuvuselela ukugeleza kwamathe.
• Sebenzisa umshini wokwenza umswakama (humidifier) ebusuku ukuphakamisa umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.

Okungafanele Kwenziwe:
• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezine-caffeine njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agwebu. I-caffeine ingomisa umlomo.
• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Komisa umlomo.

Ucwaningo Lwemishanguzo Yegene Yokungasebenzi Kahle Kwezindlala Zamathe

Osozayensi eNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) baphenya ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwemishanguzo yegene ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Umqondo ukudlulisela amagene engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo ezindlaleni zamathe zabantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome kanye neziguli zomhlaza ezindlala zazo zamathe ezalimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba ukuthi lawa magene azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse imizwa yomile ekhathazayo ekhathaza abantu abanesimo somlomo omile.

I-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kubantu ngemishanguzo yegene yezindlala zamathe ezilimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi imishanguzo yegene ingenziwa ngokuphepha ezindlaleni zamathe nokuthi inamandla okusiza abasinde emkhuhlane wekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Ngenxa yemiphumela ethembisayo yalolu hlolo, izivivinyo ezifanayo zezokwelapha zihlelelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ucwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Kanye Nezifo Ezinye Ezithinta Izindlala Zamathe

I-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zibandakanya ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antibody eyodwa kanye ne-corticosteroid ukubona ukuthi ngabe noma yiluphi lwalolu kwelapha kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe.

Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo ze-auto inflammatory, kanye nezifo ze-granulomatous zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingase ngelinye ilanga ziholele ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zezindlala zamathe.

Ukuhlala uhambisana nanoma yiziphi izifundo ezintsha ngemishanguzo yegene nokusebenza kwezindlala zamathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov. Leli webhusayithi libala zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye neziningi ezixhaswe ngasese e-U.S. nakulo lonke umhlaba. Iwebhusayithi ibuyekezwa njalo.