{"id": "bionli-zu-001", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Icatibant, isivimbi se-bradykinin-2 receptor, inikezwa ngomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukwelaphela izifo zohlobo I kanye no-II we-hereditary angioedema. Ngemuva komjovo, iziguli zizwa ubuhlungu okungekudala kulandele ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba kanye nokubomvu endaweni yomjovo okungathathi isikhathi eside. Sibucabangele ukuthi ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba kanye nokubomvu okubangelwa yi-icatibant kulandela ukukhishwa kwe-histamine esuka kumaselula e-mast esikhumba avuselelekile futhi ngakho-ke kungancishiswa yisivimbi se-H(1)-antihistamine. Umjovo osendaweni yesikhumba we- 100 μl of 100 μg/m ye-histamine kanye ne-10 mg/ml ye-icatibant ezingalweni zabantu abaphilile wabangela ukukhukhumala kwesikhumba kanye nemiphumela yokubomvu ngosayizi ofanayo okwancishiswa yi-cetirizine enikezwe ngaphambili ngo-49% kanye no-41% (i-histamine) kanye no-35% kanye no-41% (i-icatibant). Izifundo ezifundisiswe zakhombisa ukuthi i-icatibant ku- 1 × 10(-4) and 1 × 10(-5) M yabangela ukukhishwa kwe-histamine okubalulekile (P < 0.05) kumaselula e-mast esikhumba somuntu ahlukaniselwe.\n\nHypothesis:\nUma siphetha, i-icatibant idala ukuvuvuka nomfutho omkhulu ovela ku-histamine okungenzeka uncishiswe ubunzima bawo ngokunikezwa kwesivikeli se-H(1)-antihistamine.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-002", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImikhiqizo edalwe ukugqekezwa kwe-proteolytic ye-fibrinogen yabantu (FDP) itholakale ibangela ukukhishwa kwe-histamine emasosheni e-mast wochoko lwekati. Ama-peptide anosayizi omncane, adialysable (FDP) abonise umsebenzi ophakeme wokukhipha i-histamine ngokuya nge-dose. Ukukhishwa kwe-histamine okubangelwa yi-FDP kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo yisihlanganyela segolide i-auranofin emazingeni angu-10(-5)-10(-7) mol/l kanye nemithi engeyona i-steroidal yokuwehlisa ukuvuvukala i-BW 755c, i-timegadine, i-medosan, i-naproxen, ne-aspirin emazingeni aphezulu angu-10(-4)-10(-6) mol/l.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuphethwe ngokuthi ukukhululwa kwe-histamine kumaseli e-mast kungase kulawulwe ngezinga elithile ngamadrugs alwa nokuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi i-auranofin, i-BW 755c ne-timegadine, isici sokusebenza okungase kube nosizo ekulawuleni isifo samalunga.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-003", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-(E,Z)-3-(3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-indolinone (indolinone) iwumhlambi womuthi otholakala njengezakhi ezisebenzayo kwimithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala emakhambi endabuko i-Isatis tinctoria. I-indolinone ikhombisile ukuthi inqanda ukuqhuma kweseli ye-mast elethwa i-compound 48/80 kwizimo zelabhu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-indolinone kumaselula avelela umongo wamathambo akhombisile ukuthi ibisakazeke ngokulinganayo kwisitoplazi futhi ukungena kokhelihiya kwangaphakathi kuyapheliswa emizuzwini ethile. Ukuthola kwangaphambili ngamaselula e-mast ajwayelene ne-IgE nge-indolinone engu-100nM kwenza ukuthi angabi nokuphendula ekuqhumeni okuncike kwisipulumusi se-FcvarepsilonRI. Nokho, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpawu okuvela esigqini kungasathinteki, njengokusebenzelana kwe-PI3-K ne-MAPK.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-indolinone ivimba ukuqhuma kwamaseli e-mast ezingeni lokukhipha izingcezu (granule exocitosis) nge-IC(100) engu-54nm.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-004", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-FcepsilonRI-mediated exocytosis yamaviki akhona kusengaphambili kusuka kumaseli amast kanye namabasophil (isb. histamine, serotonin, beta-hexosaminidase) inezwela kumadrugs angama-immunosuppressant i-cyclosporin A kanye ne-FK506 (IC50 200 kanye nama-4 nM, ngokulandelana) kodwa hhayi i-rapamycin. Indlela yokuvimba akubonakali ukuthi ifaka ukuphosforileshini yetyrosine, i-hydrolysis ye-inositol phosphates noma i-calcium flux. Lapha sibika izivivinyo ezisebenzisa indlela yamolecule ukuhlola indima ye-calcineurin, i-phosphatase ye-serine/threonine ecatshangwa ukuthi yiyona indawo ephambili yokusebenza kwamakhemikhali alaw'amadrugs. Umsebenzi we-calcineurin udinga ukuhlanganiswa kwesiqephu sayo se-catalytic (A) neseqephu esifakiwe sokulawula (B). Sabona ukuthi izenzakalo zomoya we-calcineurin-sensitive kufanele zithintwe ukuncipha kweziqephu ze-calcineurin B, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lamakompleksi amasha e-A:B. Ngakho-ke sayifaka ku-RBL (rat basophilic leukemia) amaseli ngesimo esivimbayo (esingumphathi ongeyena) wesiqephu se-calcineurin A, esihlanganisa isiqephu se-calcineurin B ngokunamathela okuphezulu kodwa singenayo imisebenzi ye-catalytic (ukuqedwa kwesiqephu B, BKO). Kulama seli afakiwe, ikhava elishokoledi lezinga lempoqo evimba i-FcepsilonRI-mediated exocytosis nge-FK506 lashintshwa laya ngakwesobunxele, okukhombisa ukukhula kokuzwela kwedrugs kumaseli afakwe i-BKO.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi inqando le-Adenosine ye-FcepsilonRI-mediated exocytosis kumasosha amancane (mast cells) ihlosisa ngqo umsebenzi we-calcineurin.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-005", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmaseli e-MC9 mast, enziwe ukuba anezwela nge-monoclonal IgE antibody eqondene ne-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) group, avezwa ku-DNP-BSA futhi ama-pH nama-calcium signals e-cytosolic arekhoda ngokusebenzisa ama-fluorescent probes BCECF ne-Fura-2 ngokulandelana. I-DNP-BSA eyenza i-cell alkalinization yavinjelwa ngokuphelele nge-azelastine nge-IC50 (1.6 +/- 0.5 mumol/l, isilinganiso +/- SEM, n = 5) efana naleyo edingekayo ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-histamine (1.4 mumol/l). Ngokuphambene, amazinga aphezulu e-azelastine (> 100 mumol/l) adingeka ukuvimba ukuhamba kwe-calcium yeqhaza el-DNP-BSA-dependent (IC50 cishe 200 mumol/l, n = 3). I-Amiloride, kodwa hhayi i-H1 histamine antagonist pyrilamine, yayikwazi ukuvimbela i-pH signal eyenziwe yi-DNP-BSA. Kumaseli e-mast acidified, i-azelastine yavimbela kakhulu umsebenzi we-Na+:H+ exchange (IC50 = 7.7 +/- 3.6 x 10(-6) M, isilinganiso +/- SEM, n = 3). Ngokuphambene, kuma-lymphocytes esibindi segundane i-azelastine yayingakwazi ukuvimbela i-pH signal yamiloride-sensitive edalwe yi-concanavalin A.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, ukukhuthazwa kokukhishwa kwe-histamine yi-azelastine akubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali ye-calcium yesitoplazimi.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-006", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Rhodnius prolixus aggregation inhibitor 1 (RPAI-1), iphroteni enezikhalo-silinganiso ezingu-19-kDa eyakhishwa esiqungweni samathe se-R. prolixus, yahlanzwa ngokusebenzisa ukushintshana kwe-cation eqinile kanye ne-reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographies. Kusukela kumalandelo ama-49 we-amino-terminal amino acid we-RPAI-1, kwakhiwa ama-primer ukwakha ama-probe ukuhlola umtapo wezincwadi we-R. prolixus salivary gland cDNA. Iphage equkethe i-clone egcwele ye-RPAI-1 ifaka ikhodi yephroteni ekhulile enama-amino acid angu-155. I-RPAI-1 ibonisa ukufana kwelandelwano ne-triabin kanye ne-pallidipin, ama-lipocalin avela ku-Triatoma pallidipennis. Ukulandelana kwe-cDNA kwafakwa ku-Pet17B Escherichia coli expression vector, kwakhiqiza i-peptide esebenzayo. I-RPAI-1 ivimba ukuqoqana kwe-human platelet-rich plasma okubangelwa yizinga eliphansi le-ADP, i-collagen, i-arachidonic acid, ama-thromboxane A(2) mimetics (U46619), kanye namadozi aphansi kakhulu e-thrombin ne-convulxin. Lapha sibonisa ukuthi i-ADP iyithagethi ye-RPAI-1 njengoba (i) i-RPAI-1 ivimba ukwakhiwa kokuqoqana okukhulu okuncike ku-ADP kanye nokukhiqizwa okubangelwa yi-U46619, ngaphandle kokuthinta ukwanda kwe-Ca(2+) kanye nokushintsha isimo; (ii) i-ADP ivuselele ukuvimba kokuqoqana kwamaphuleti okubangelwe yi-U46619 nge-RPAI-1, (iii) ukwanda kwe-cAMP okubangelwe yi-PGE(1) (okuyisitha nge-U46619 ngendlela encike ku-ADP) kwavuselelwa yi-RPAI-1, (iv) i-RPAI-1 ivimba izimpendulo ezibangelwe amazinga aphansi e-ADP zamaphuleti ashiswe nge-indomethacin, kanye (v) i-RPAI-1 ibophana ne-ADP, njengoba kuhlolwe yi-large zone chromatography. I-RPAI-1 ayithinti izimpendulo zamaphuleti ezivela ku-integrin alpha(2)beta(1) noma ku-glycoprotein VI.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethela ngokuthi i-RPAI-1 yilipokhalini yokuqala echazwayo enqanda ukubumbana kwamaphulethilethi ngendlela entsha, ngokubophelana ne-ADP.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-007", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkwandisa ukuqonda kwethu ngezindlela ihomoni yokukhula (GH) kanye nengako-insulini yomkhiqizo wokukhula (IGF)-I ithonya ngayo ukuthuthuka kwesifuba senkomo, indima engabanjwa yi-T-box2 (TBX2) kanye ne-T-box3 (TBX3) iphenywile. Nakuba kungekho ulwazi mayelana nokuqhubuka kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizi wokudlulisa embeleni wenkomo, kuyaziwa ukuthi i-TBX3 kanye nelungu lomndeni esilihlobene kakhulu nayo, i-TBX2, kuyadingeka ekuthuthukeni kwesifuba esimunywayo kubantu kanye nasemakhalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquka kwe-TBX3 kubantu nasemakhalweni kukhokhela i-ulnar mammary syndrome. Ubufakazi bukhona ethambekeni ukuthi i-TBX3 iyadingeka ekwandeni futhi ukuqhubuka kwayo kulawulwa yi-GH, umlawuli obalulekile wokuthuthuka kwesifuba esimunywayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kobisi. Siphakamise umbono wokuthi i-TBX2 ne-TBX3 ziyaqhubuka embeleni wenkomo nokuthi i-GH, i-IGF-I, noma zombili zandisa ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX2 ne-TBX3 emasosheni esikhumba esimunywayo senkomo (MEC). Amathishu esifuba esimunywayo senkomo, amasoso e-MAC-T, amasoso e-MEC abalulekile, namaseli e-fibroblast atholakele futhi ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX2 ne-TBX3 kuqinisekiswa nge-real-time reverse transcription PCR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX2 ne-TBX3 kuhlolwe emasosheni alashwa nge-100 noma 500 ng/mL ye-GH noma i-100 noma 200 ng/mL ye-IGF-I isikhathi esingama-24 noma 48 h. Kokubili i-TBX2 ne-TBX3 kuvele ethishuni lesifuba senkomo. Ngokumangaza, ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX2 kutholwe kuphela emasosheni e-fibroblast yesifuba, kanti i-TBX3 iqhubuke kuzo zontathu izinhlobo zamasoso. Ihomoni yokukhula ayishintshanga ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX3 emasosheni e-MAC-T noma e-MEC. Kodwa-ke, i-IGF-I yandise ukuqhubuka kwe-TBX3 ku-MAC-T, kodwa hhayi ku-MEC ngqangi. Asizange sibone ushintsho ekuqhubukeni kwe-TBX2 noma kwe-TBX3 ema-fibroblast aphathwe nge-GH ne-IGF.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgakho-ke, siphethe ukuthi (1) i-TBX2 ne-TBX3 zivela esigubheni sobisi senkomo, (2) ukuvela kwazo kuqondene nohlobo lweseli, futhi (3) i-Fur ikhuthaza ukuvela kwe-TBX3 emaselelini e-MAC-T.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-008", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmthelela weheparin ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwethrombin kanye neplasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) uhlolisiwe. Kwenani elingaphezu kwephindwe ngo-50 le-PAI-1, isilinganiso sokuthinta kwe-thrombin sasiyizi-458 mol/L-1s-1, esanyuka saba ngu-5,000 mol/L-1s-1 kubukhona be-25 micrograms/mL yeheparin engahlukanisiwe noma iheparin enokunamathela okuphansi kwe-antithrombin. Umthelela weheparin eliphansi ekunamatheleni wahlolwa ngokusebenzisa i-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, kusetshenziswa izinga elilinganayo lezinto ezisebenzisanayo. I-thrombin kanye ne-PAI-1 zakha i-complex esisimeme esinobungako obufanayo ngaphandle kweheparin, eyayingaguquki ngemva kokwengeza i-25 micrograms/mL yeheparin eliphansi ekunamatheleni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho iheparin eliphansi ekunamatheleni lingezwa ekuqaleni kwesenzo, kwabanesibalo esandayo sekwakheka kwe-PAI-1-thrombin complex, kodwa lokhu kwashesha kwalandelwa ukugawulwa okuphawulekayo kwe-PAI-1 engasebenzanga kanye ne-thrombin-PAI-1 complex. Umbono wokuthi amazinga ahlobene e-thrombin kanye ne-PAI-1, kanye nokuba khona kweheparin eliphansi ekunamatheleni, kungathinta imiphumela yesenzo wahlolwa ngokucophelela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-zymographic okusezingeni le-tissue plasminogen activator kanye nemisebenzi ye-PAI-1 kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-chromogenic substrate komsebenzi we-thrombin kukhombise ukuthi iheparin eliphansi ekunamatheleni lasikhuthaza ukwehluleka kwe-PAI-1 kusebenzisana ne-thrombin engalingana, kodwa kwadala ukukhuthazwa okuncane kakhulu kokuthinteka kwe-thrombin.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuphethwe ukuthi i-heparin ephansi ekuhelaneni igqugquzela ukuncishiswa kwe-thrombin uma i-PAI-1 iseqile, kodwa, ngokungalindelekile, i-heparin ephansi ekuhelaneni yandisa ukungasebenzi kwe-PAI-1 uma i-thrombin ilingana nama-molekhyuli e-PAI-1.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-009", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Distraction osteogenesis (DO) iyinqubo eyenza ukwakheka kwamathambo amasha ngokuqondile ngenxa yokunwetshwa kwemishini. I-Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) iyi-cytokine engakwazi ukulawula i-osteoblastogenesis. Imiphumela eqondile ye-TNF ekwakhekeni kwamathambo ngokuqondile kwiminwe iphathekisiwe idalwa isignali ye-TNF receptor 1 kanye/noma 2 (TNFR1/2). Sisebenzise imodeli ehlukile ye-DO yegundane ukuhlola imiphumela 1) yezinguquko zegene le-TNFR homozygous null ekwakhekeni kwamathambo ngqo kanye 2) ne-rmTNF ezimpakaneni ze-wild type (WT), TNFR1(-/-) (R1KO), kanye ne-TNR2(-/-) (R2KO). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-radiological kanye ne-histological kokwakheka kwamathambo ngokuqondile ezikhala ze-distraction akubonakalisanga mehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwezimpakane ze-WT, R1KO, R2KO, noma i-TNFR1(-/-) ne-R2(-/-) (R1 and 2KO). Izimpakane ze-R1 and 2KO zibe namazinga aphakeme e-TNF egazini kodwa azibonakalisanga ukuvimbeleka kokwakheka kwamathambo amasha. Ukunikwa okujwayelekile nge-osmotic pump ye-rmTNF ngesikhathi se-DO (10 microg/kg/day) kwenze ukuvimbeleka okubalulekile kokwakheka kwamathambo esikhala ezimpakaneni ze-WT ne-R2KO, kodwa hhayi kweze-R1KO.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-rmTNF ephuma ngaphandle kanye/noma i-TNF yangaphakathi isebenza ukuvimba ukwakheka kwamathambo amasha ngesikhathi se-DO ngokuxhumana ikakhulukazi nge-TNF R1.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-010", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nNakuba i-Gbetagamma icatshangelwa ukuthi isebenza njengomxhumanisi we-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ekukhuthazweni kwayo ngenxa yokukhuthazwa kwe-G protein-coupled receptor, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo kulolu hlelo azicacisiwe ngokusobala. I-Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) iphakanyiswe njengento yokuqala kulobu bukhiqiza, kodwa indima yayo ihlala ingacacile. Siye sathola ukuthi izinguquko ezikhubazayo ze-p110beta, kodwa hhayi ze-p110gamma, zivimbe ukukhuthazwa kwe-MAPK ekuphenduleni i-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Indima ye-p110beta yabonakala ingaphezulu kwe-Ras. Ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi izinto ze-lipid noma protein kinase ze-p110beta ezazimqoka ekukhuthazweni kwe-Ras, sikhiqize i-p110beta enguqukile engenayo i-lipid kinase kodwa inayo i-protein kinase. Le protein yabonisa umsebenzi okhubazayo ofana nekhubazekile ngokuphelele, okukhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-lipid kinase we-p110beta ubalulekile ekukhuthazweni kwe-Ras. Ngokuhambelana nalokhu, ukwandiswa kwe-lipid phosphatase i-PTEN kwatholakala kuvimba ngokuqondile ukukhuthazwa kwe-Ras okuqalwe yi-LPA. Ngokungeza, siye sathola ukuthi i-PH domain-containing adapter protein i-Gab1, eyingxenye yokukhuthazwa kwe-p110beta ngesikhathi sokukhuthazwa kwe-LPA, iphinde ibe yingxenye yalolu hlelo ngezansi kwe-p110beta. Impela, ukuphindisela kwemvelo ne-phosphorylation ye-Gab1 kwehla kukhona izivimbi ze-PI3K noma i-p110beta ekhubazekile. Ngaphansi kwe-Gab1, i-tyrosine phosphatase i-SHP2 yatholakala ithumela ukukhuthazwa kwe-Ras ekuphenduleni i-LPA futhi ibuthwa nge-PI3K ne-Gab1, ngoba ukufakwa kwe-Gab1 enguqukile ekhalazela ukuboshwa kwe-SHP2 kuvimbe ukukhuthazwa kwe-Ras ngaphandle kokuxova nokukhuthazwa kwe-PI3K.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiyaphetha ngokuthi umsebenzi we-lipid kinase ka-p110beta ubalulekile ekuvuseleleni i-Ras okukhuthazwa yi-LPA nokuthi i-PI3K ne-Gab1 zibandakanyeka kulendlela.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-011", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIndima ye-FSH ekukhiqizeni isidoda ayicacile njengoba i-testosterone yodwa kuthiwa yanele egundwaneni eliphethwe isigqibelo sezilawuli zezindlala. Lolu cwaningo lubheke imiphumela ye-FSH evuselelekile ekubuyiseleni ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezilawuli zezindlala ngokugonywa kwe-GnRH. Amarati amadala ase-Sprague-Dawley athole isivikeli se-GnRH (100 micrograms, sc, njalo emavikini ama-4) ukukhiqiza ukuntuleka kwezilawuli zezindlala, okungokwehla okukhulu kokukhiqizwa kwesidoda ngamaviki ayi-12. I-FSH yabantu evuselelekile yase inikwa (10 noma 50 IU/kg, sc, nsuku zonke) izinsuku eziwu-7, 14, ne-21, ngedatha esuka kuwo womabili amadozi ehlangene ekuhlaziyweni. Amasende ajove kahle, kanye nezinani lamaseli ezibeletho labalwa ngesu le-optical disector. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziwu-7 ze-FSH, isisindo sesende sandile ngokumaphesenti angu-43% (P < 0.01), ngaphandle kwezinyuswa ezengeziwe ezinsukwini eziwu-14 neziwu-21. Ukugonywa kwe-GnRH kwehlise kakhulu amanani amaseli ezibeletho, abuyiselwa ngokubonakalayo (P < 0.05) kuwo wonke amaseli, ngaphandle kwama-spermatids aqoshiwe, ngezinsuku eziwu-7 ze-FSH; ama-type A spermatogonia (45%-->61% wokulawula), ama-type B spermatogonia/preleptotene spermatocytes (46%-->65%), ama-leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes (39%-->55%), ama-pachytene spermatocytes ezigabeni I-VIII (11%-->30% wokulawula) ne-IX-XIV (4.3%-->22% wokulawula), kanye nama-round spermatids ezigabeni I-VIII (1.4%-->4.4% wokulawula). Ukwelashwa okwelulekile kwe-FSH akuzange kwandise inombolo ye-type A spermatogonial noma ye-pachytene spermatocyte, kanti ama-round spermatids akhuphuke afike enconyeni engu-12.8% yenani lokulawula. Akukho sigaba lapho i-FSH yandisa amanani ama-elongated spermatid ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-1% ezinga lokulawula. Ukufakwa kwe-bromode-oxyuridine ema-spermatogonial nasema-spermatocyte okuqalayo akuzange kushintshwe ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-GnRH noma ukwelashwa nge-FSH. Inani lamaseli e-Sertoli alizange liguqulwe yinoma yiluphi ukwelashwa; nokho, isilinganiso somzimba we-Sertoli nuclear sehliswe kakhulu esikalini sokulawula ngokugonywa kwe-GnRH (142 +/- 9 vs. 455 +/- 22 microns 3; P < 0.01) futhi landiswa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziwu-7 neziwu-14 zokulashwa nge-FSH ku-212 +/- 10 ne-259 +/- 24 microns 3, ngokulandelana. Ukwelashwa nge-FSH kubuyisele amazinga e-inhibin egazini abe yinto ejwayelekile, kodwa akuzange kwandise izinga lamahormomu obudoda egazini noma esendeni.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiyaphetha ngokuthi i-recombinant FSH ibuyisela kancane ukwakhiwa kwespermatogenesis kumgogodla okhubazeke ngamagonadotrophin ngokwandisa isibalo sespermatogonia futhi ithuthukise izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokukhula kuze kufike esigabeni sespermatid esiyindingiliza.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-012", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIkhono lokuketshezwa kwesikhathi samaqanda abesifazane (hFF), okukhishwe kwabesifazane abenza i-IVF ukuthi kukhuthaze umsebenzi we-acrosome (AR) kusperm yabantu kuye kwabhalwa yizinkungela eziningana. Nokho, ubunjalo bezinto ezisebenzayo ku-hFF kanye nencazelo yemvelo yokuvuselelwa kwe-AR kuyaphikisana kakhulu. Senze uhlelo lwezinyathelo ezintathu lokuhlunga i-hFF kanye nazo zonke izingxenye zahlolwa umsebenzi wokuvuselela i-AR. Umsebenzi we-AR wahlanganiswa nengxenye yeprotheni ye-M(r) > 180 kD okuthi uma kuhlolelwa kabanzi ngaphansi kwe-PAGE kwatholakala ukuthi ibunjwe izingxenye ezincane ze-M(r) 50,000 kanye nama-29,000. Ukulandelana kwe-N-terminal kwalezi zibhande kukhombise ukuhambisana ngokuphelele kwe-100% nezibhande ezinkulu nezincane ze-IgG yabantu. I-antibody ye-polyclonal eyavela eprotheni ehluziwe kanye ne-anti-human IgG kokubili kwakwazi ukumisa umsebenzi wokuvuselela i-acrosome reaction wegazi elisha le-hFF. Nokho, igazi eliqhelekile labantu noma ulungiselelo oluhlanzekile lwe-IgG yabantu akuzange kukwazi ukulingisa umsebenzi wokuvuselela i-AR we-hFF.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-AR induction (ukukhuthazwa kwe-AR) ku-hFF kudalwa yi-human IgG (i-IgG yabantu).", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-013", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Hyperinsulinemia ithuthukisa ikhono lamadosi aphansi e-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ukudala amafollikuli asesibayeni amagciwane ezimpunzi zodwa. Ukuze kwazeke ukuthi iyiphi inzuzo ebangelwa yilezi amahomoni ekuthuthukisweni kwamagciwane asesibayeni, izimpunzi zesifazane ezindala zaphathwa nge-(1) inhlaka eyodwa (iqoqo elilawulayo), (2) ukudla okunokunoni okuningi (HFD) ukulawula imiphumela yokukhuluphala, (3) 1.5 kuya ku-6 IU ye-hCG kabili ngosuku kanye ne-6 U ye-insulin (Ins)/d, noma (4) 1.5 kuya ku-9 U ye-Ins/d kanye ne-3 IU ye-hCG kabili ngosuku. Ngosuku lwama-23 wokulapha okusaphila, wonke amaqoqo athola okungenani 6 U ye-Ins/d abonisa ukukhuluphala okuthe xaxa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpunzi ezilawulwayo neze-HFD (P < noma = .05). Azikho izimpunzi ezilawulwayo futhi yimpunzi eyodwa ye-HFD eyayibonisa amagciwane asesibayeni ngalolu suku. I-Plasma estrone (E1) ne-androstenedione (A4) zaziphakeme ezimpunzini ze-HFD ezine-follicle ezingenagciwane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpunzi ezilawulwayo (P < noma = .05). Phakathi kwe-64% ne-80% yezimpunzi ezithola 6 U ye-Ins/d kanye nemijovo kabili ngosuku ye-1.5 kuya ku-6 IU ye-hCG ziveze amagciwane asesibayeni ngosuku lwama-23. Amazinga e-plasma estradiol (E2) kulawa maqoqo alapha ayefana nalawo ezimpunzi ezilawulwayo. Ezilwaneni ezilashwa ngamahomoni, yilezo kuphela ezazinegciwane asesibayeni ngenxa yemijovo kabili ngosuku ye-4.5 noma 6 IU ye-hCG kanye ne-6 U ye-Ins/d ezaveza i-plasma A4 ephakeme kanye/noma i-testosterone uma kuqhathaniswa neqoqo elilawulwayo. Ngokuphambene, amazinga e-plasma E1 ayephakeme ngosuku lwama-23 ezilwaneni ezinegciwane asesibayeni ngenxa yamadozi akhulayo e-hCG kanye nedozi engangeneki ye-6 U ye-Ins/d. Phakathi kwe-70% ne-80% yezimpunzi eziphathwe kabili ngosuku nge-3 IU ye-hCG kanye nedozi yangemini ye-1.5 kuya ku-6 U ye-Ins zabonisa amagciwane asesibayeni ngosuku lwama-23. Ngokuphambene kakhulu, yi-25% kuphela yezimpunzi ezilashwe ngaleli dozi le-hCG kanye ne-9 U ye-Ins/d ezathuthukisa ama-follicle anegciwane. Emahhomonini we-plasma ahlolwayo, yi-E1 ne-A4 kuphela eyayiphakeme kulawa maqoqo okulapha uma kuqhathaniswa namaqoqo olawulo. Nokho, lokhu kuthuthuka kwamazinga e-plasma steroid akufaniswanga nedozi ye-insulin.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiqedela kulemininingwane ukuthi, nakuba izindlela zisazocaciswa, i-hyperinsulinemia enkulu kakhulu inalo ikhono elivelele lokunciphisa ukuqalisa kwe-ACR nge-hCG kwezinye izilwane.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-014", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSikhombisile ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-cortisol kwanciphisa impendulo ye-luteinizing hormone (LH) ekufakweni kwama-GnRH amahora onke ngesizingi esifanayo ezimvukazini ezisusiwe izindlala zesinye eziphathiswe i-estradiol ngesikhathi esisezinyangeni ezingasakhi isigaba sokuzalana (isimo se-pituitary-clamp). Ngokuphambene, i-cortisol ayizange iphazamise impendulo ekufakweni kwe-GnRH engaguquki ngezikhathi ezimbili ngehora ezimvukazini ezingenayo i-hypothalamo-pituitary ezisusiwe izindlala zesinye ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokuzala. Ukuze siqonde imiphumela ehlukile kulezi izilwane eziyisibonelo nokuthola ukuthi ngabe i-cortisol ingasebenza ngqo kwi-pituitary ukunciphisa ukusabela kwe-GnRH, siphenyile ukubaluleka kwesikalo sokuvuselela i-GnRH, ukuba khona kwe-estradiol nesigaba sesikhathi sonyaka. Esivivinyweni sokuqala, ngesikhathi esisezinyangeni ezingasakhi isigaba sokuzalana, izimvukazi ezisusiwe izindlala zesinye zaphathiswa nge-estradiol, nokukhiqiza i-LH ngokudlwenguleka kwabuyiswa ngemijovo ye-GnRH nge-i.v. noma ihora ngalinye noma amahora amabili ubukho noma ukungabi khona kwe-cortisol yangaphandle. Izivivinyo 2 no-3 zenziwa ezimvukazini ezihlukanisiwe i-hypothalamo-pituitary ezisusiwe izindlala zesinye lapho i-GnRH ifakwa nge-i.v. njalo ngemuva kwamahora amabili. Isivivinyo 2 senziwa ngesikhathi esisezinyangeni ezingasakhi isigaba sokuzalana i-saline noma i-cortisol yafakwa ngamahora angama-30 ngepulani ye-cross-over. Isivivinyo 3 senziwa ngesikhathi esisezinyangeni ezingasakhi isigaba sokuzalana nezikhathi zokuzala futhi i-saline noma i-cortisol yafakwa ngamahora angama-30 ngaphandle nangokuba khona kwe-estradiol kusetshenziswa ukuhleleka okuhlukene. Amasampula athathwa kuzo zonke izilwane ukuze kukalwe i-LH ye-plasma. Ubukhulu be-LH pulse buncishiswa yi-cortisol kwisimo se-pituitary clamp ngaphandle komehluko phakathi kwenqubo ye-GnRH pulse yehora negamahora amabili. Ngaphandle kwe-estradiol, kwakungekho kufuphazamiseka kwe-cortisol kubukhulu be-LH pulse ezimvukazini ezifakwe i-GnRH ezisusiwe izindlala zesinye ezihlukanisiwe i-hypothalamo-pituitary nanoma kungasiphi isikhathi. Ubukhulu be-LH pulse buncishiswa kuzo zombili izikhathi esivivinyweni 3 lapho i-cortisol ifakwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-estradiol.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiqeda ngokuthi ikhono le-mg/kg ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-LH akuncikile ekuvameni kokuvuseleka kwe-GnRH nokuthi i-estradiol ivumela i-mg/kg ukuthi isebenze ngqo esigonyweni sezimvu ezisusiwe izindlala eziquntshiwe zomgogodla kanye nesigonyo; lo mthelelela wenzeka esikhathini sokuzalana nangaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalana.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-015", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKu-Exp. 1, i-PMSG yafakwa ngemijovo kumagundane aneminyaka engu-26 angakabi nasimo ukuze kuqalwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Ngosuku lwesi-2 (izinsuku ezimbili kamuva, okulingana nosuku lwe-pro-oestrus) athola ngo-08:00 h ama-5 mg e-hydroxyflutamide noma i-vehicle futhi ngo-12:00 h ama-2 mg e-progesterone noma i-testosterone noma i-vehicle. Izilwane zabulawa ngo-18:00 h ngosuku lwesi-2 noma ngo-09:00 h ngosuku lwesi-3. I-Progesterone kodwa hhayi i-testosterone yabuyisela i-preovulatory LH surge kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kumagundane aphathwe nge-hydroxyflutamide. Ku-Exp. 2, ama-2 mg e-progesterone noma i-testosterone afakwa ngemijovo phakathi kuka-10:30 no-11:00 h ngosuku lwesi-2, ukuze kusheshiswe i-pro-oestrous LH surge kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kumagundane angu-PMSG-primed angakabi nasimo. Umjovo we-hydroxyflutamide wachitha ikhono le-progesterone lokusheshisa i-LH surge noma ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. I-Testosterone ayizange ikhuthaze ukusheshiswa kwe-LH surge noma ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Ku-Exp. 3, amagundane angakabi nasimo akhishwe izinso futhi afakwa i-oestradiol-17 beta akhombisa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (P less than 0.01) le-serum LH ngo-18:00 h kunalelozinga elabonwa ngo-10:00 h. Umjovo we-progesterone kulezizilwane wandisa kakhulu amazinga e-serum LH ngo-18:00 h, ngendlela engokwezinga, ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu avela ku-1 mg ye-progesterone. Ukwelashwa nge-hydroxyflutamide kwehlisa kakhulu (P less than 0.003) amanani e-serum LH kumagundane athola i-progesterone engu-0-1 mg kodwa i-progesterone engu-2 mg yakwazi ukunqoba lokhu kuvimba.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuphethwa ngokuthi i-hydroxyflutamide kodwa hhayi i-testosterone ingabuyisela imiphumela ye-progesterone ekukhululweni kakhulu kwe-LH kokuqala nokuqhibuka kweqanda.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-016", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUcwaningo lwamanje lwe-case-control luhlole ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-marine-derived n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFAs) ne-uric acid (UA) ekuguqulweni kweglukhozi kanye nobungozi besifo sikashukela uhlotsheni lwesibili (T2DM). Abantu abangamakhulu amabili neshumi nanye abanempilo eqenjini lokugada kanye nabangamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili abane-T2DM eqenjini leziguli bafakiwe. Amanoni amafutha we-plasma phospholipid (PL) kanye nama-parameter e-biochemical atholakele ngezindlela ezivamile. I-plasma PL C22:6n-3 ibiphansi kakhulu eqenjini leziguli kunasesiqophini sokugada, futhi beyihambisana kakhulu ngokungaphakathi ne-fasting glucose (r = -0.177, p < 0.001). I-plasma PL C22:6n-3 ephakeme beyihambisana nobungozi obuphansi be-T2DM, futhi i-OR beyingu-0.32 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12 ukuya ku-0.80; p = 0.016) ukwengeza okukodwa kwe-C22:6n-3. I-UA beyiphansi kakhulu eqenjini leziguli kunasesiqophini sokugada. I-UA beyihambisana ngokuhambisana ne-fasting glucose kubantu abanempilo, kodwa lokhu kuhambisana kube ngokungahambisani kubantu abane-T2DM. Ukuxhumana okubalulekile kwabonakala phakathi kwe-C22:6n-3 ne-UA kwi-fasting glucose (p yokuxhumana = 0.005): umphumela wokwehlisa we-C22:6n-3 ububalulekile kuphela kubantu abanesisindo esiphansi se-UA.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengomphetho, ukuguqulwa kweglukhosi :6n-3 kuxhumana ne-UA ukuze kulawulwe i-C22.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-017", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSike sabika phambilini ukuthi i-endogenous ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC)A7 ihlobana kakhulu nomsebenzi wokuginya (phagocytic function) kunokuzalwa kwe-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), elawulwa yi-sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)2. Umsebenzi wokuginya watholakala wenyuswa yi-apolipoprotein (apo)A-I ne-apoA-II ngaphezulu kwaphindwa kabili okugcina ku-J774 nakuma-macrophages asesiswini sekhukhukathi. Ngakho-ke siphenye isisekelo samalekhula salokhu kuhlobana nokusebenza kwe-ABCA7. Njengoba kwenza i-ABCA1, i-ABCA7 yabhidlizwa, mhlawumbe yi-calpain, futhi i-apoA-I ne-apoA-II zaqinisa i-ABCA7 ukuze ingabhidlizwa. Izivivinyo ze-cell surface biotinylation zakhombisa ukuthi i-endogenous ABCA7 ihlala ikakhulukazi ekuphehleni kwamaseli nokuthi ama-apolipoproteins andisa i-ABCA7 yangaphandle. Ukwanda komsebenzi wokuginya okubangelwa yi-apolipoproteins kwagcineka kumaseli e-J774 aphathwe nge-ABCA1 siRNA nakuma-peritoneal macrophages asuka kumagundane angenayo i-ABCA1-knockout, kodwa kwashabalala kumaseli e-J774 aphathwe nge-ABCA7 siRNA nakuma-peritoneal macrophages asuka kumagundane ane-ABCA7-knockout. Ukuginya kwehliswa kumaseli asesikhwameni sokuzala segundane le-ABCA7-knockout uma kuqhathaniswa nelawulwa esejwayelekile.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgakho-ke sifike esiphethweni sokuthi ama-apolipoproteins amahelical angaphandle eseleni akhulisa ukudla ngokufela kwamasosha omzimba okuhambisana ne-ABCA7 ngokwenza i-ABCA7 ibe sesimweni esiqinile.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-018", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAma-Lipoproteins abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zemetabolism  nezifo zenhliziyo nezamathambo, kusukela ekuvikeleni kuya emiphumeleni emibi ekuhlasekeleni kwezicubu. I-VLDL ivezwe ukuthi iholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafutha aphatha kabi, futhi ibe nemiphumela eminingi emibi kumacardiomyocytes. Ukulimala okuvela emafutheni (lipotoxicity) nengcindezi ye-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kuphakanyiswa njengezinto ezidlulisa imiphumela emibi yezifo zemetabolism ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nezithambo. Saphatha amacardiomyocytes ngama-lipoproteins ukuhlola ukukwazi kwalama seli ukuzilungela kwingcindezi yemetabolism okubangelwa ukungondleki nokuningi kwama-lipoproteins, nokuhlola umthelela wama-lipoproteins nokuqongelelana kwamafutha kwingcindezi ye-ER. I-VLDL yakwazi ukuvula ingcindezi yemetabolism eyayidalwe ukungondleki, kanti i-HDL ayizange. I-VLDL yaholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafutha kumacardiomyocytes okuhambelana nobukhulu besilinganiso, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuphumelele ekwehleni kokuphila kwamaseli noma ukukhuthaza ingcindezi ye-ER. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunika i-VLDL noma i-HDL kuqala kwehlise ingcindezi ye-ER kumacardiomyocytes eyayidalwe yi-tunicamycin ne-palmitic acid, njengoba kukalwe ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zengcindezi ye-ER, ngisho nasezimweni zokukhula kokuqongelelana kwamafutha. I-VLDL ne-HDL zaholela ekwenzeni kabusha i-pro-survival ERK1/2 kumacardiomyocytes; kodwa, lokhu kwenziwa kabusha akubange kubandakanyeka ekuvikeleni ingcindezi ye-ER. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sathola ukuthi i-LDLR ne-VLDLR zihlelelwa ngokwehlukana ngama-lipoproteins nengcindezi yamaseli, njengoba ama-lipoproteins akhuphule i-protein ye-VLDLR ngaphandle kokubheka izinga lokuqongelela kwamafutha.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ER stress ayikho eyingozi ngokuzenzakalelayo kumacardiomyocytes futhi ingaba nemiphumela ewusizo, yenza ukuthi amaseli akwazi ukuphila phansi kwesimo sokuntuleka kokudla futhi inciphisa i-VLDL.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-019", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-bile acid enobungozi be-hepatotoxic i-glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) ilawula ukufa kwamaseli e-hepatocyte ngokuvula i-JNK, i-Akt, ne-Erk. I-bile acid engenabungozi i-taurocholate ivula i-Akt ne-Erk ngomamukeli we-sphingosine-1-phosphate 2 (S1PR2). Indima ye-S1PR2 ekufeni kwamaseli okuphazanyiswa yi-GCDC nokuvulwa kwama-kinase akwaziwa. Izifundo zenziwe kumamaseli e-hepatocyte emagundaneni, amaseli e-HUH7, kanye namaseli e-HUH7 angene ngokuzinzile nge-rat Ntcp (HUH7-Ntcp). Amaseli aphathwe nge-GCDC futhi ukufa kwamaseli kwahlolwa ngohlelo lwe-morphological ngokusebenzisa i-Hoechst staining kanye ne-biochemical ngokusebenzisa i-immunoblotting ukuthola isiqephu esisebenzayo esiqetshulwe se-caspase 3. Ukusebenza kwe-kinase kwanqunywa nge-immunoblotting ngokusebenzisa ama-antibody akhethekile e-phospho. I-JTE-013, isivimbi se-S1PR2, sinciphise kakhulu ubufakazi be-morphological bokufeni kwamaseli okubangelwe yi-GCDC futhi yavimba ukuqetshulwa kwe-caspase 3 emamaselini e-hepatocyte emagundaneni namaselini e-HUH7-Ntcp. Emamaselini e-hepatocyte, i-JTE-013 yanciphisa kancane, yandisa, futhi ayibanga nomthelela ekuphosphorylation kwe-JNK, i-Akt, ne-Erk okubangelwe yi-GCDC, ngokulandelana kwazo. Imiphumela efanayo yabonakala emamaselini e-HUH7-Ntcp ngaphandle kokuncishiswa okuncane kwe-JNK ne-Erk phosphorylation. Ukwehliswa kwe-S1PR2 ku-HUH7-Ntcp kwandisa i-Akt, kwavimba i-JNK, futhi akubanga namthelela ekuphosphorylation kwe-Erk. I-GCDC yehlulekile ukubangelela ukufa kwamaseli noma ukuvulwa kwe-kinase emaselini e-HUH7.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengesiphetho, ukuvimbelwa kwe-SIPR2 kunciphisa ukubhubha kwamaseli okubangelwa yi-GCDC futhi kukhuthaza kuphinde kuqinise ukufosforileshini kwe-JNK ne-Akt, ngokulandelana, okubangelwa yi-GCDC.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-020", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkulala kwe-amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) emathunjini omqondo kuyimpawu yesifo se-Alzheimer ngokwezibuko lezinto ezophazamisekile. Njengoba ukuhlanzeka okungasebenzi kahle kwe-A beta kungaba negalelo kulesi sifo, saphenyisisa ukuhlakazeka kwenziwe ngama-enzyme kwe-A beta esakhiwe ngesandla (i-peptide enezakhi ezingu-40) kumaseli ama-glial sase sichaza i-protease ebambe iqhaza. Lapho ukuthi ama-astrocyte amagundane anento encane kakhulu yokuhlakazeka, amaseli ama-microglia amagundane ahlukaniselwe ahlakazela u-A beta. Ukusebenza kwama-microglia kwanyuswa kakhulu ngokukhuthazwa nge-lipopolysaccharide futhi ngeqondo eliphansi ngama-phorbol ester. Iningi lomsebenzi wokulahla i-A beta lakhishwa embizeni. Ngokusebenzisa izivimbeleli ezingaqokiwe i-protease yachazwa njenge-metalloprotease cishe engama-kDa angu-200 eyayihlukile ku-neutral endopeptidase (i-enzyme ehlakazayo i-neuropeptide), ama-matrix metalloproteases, noma i-macrophage elastase. Ukusebenza kwayo kwancishiswa ngempumelelo izivimbeleli ezine ze-zinc-metalloprotease ezisekelwe kwi-hydroxamic acid eziboniswe ukuthi zivimbela ama-membrane protein secretase (ama-disintegrin).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-A beta incibilikiswa amasosha (microglia cells) esimeni se-in vitro nge-metalloprotease entsha.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-021", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-agent eyisivimbi samaresepta okhethekile se-5-HT2 i-ritanserin iwuhlobo lwesihlambululi segazi eliphezulu i-ketanserin. Ngokuhlola imiphumela yokwehlisa igazi eliphezulu ye-ritanserin, injongo yalolu phenyo kwakuwukucacisa ngokungaqondile indlela yokusebenza kwe-ketanserin. Iziguli eziyishumi nantathu ezinegazi eliphezulu zaphathwa nge-placebo kanye ne-ritanserin, 10 mg b.i.d., ngendlela ye-double-blind, cross-over (izikhathi ezingu-4 viki). Ekupheleni kwezikhathi zokwelashwa, umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-ritanserin egazini ahlolwa isikhathi esingu-24 wamahora. Nakuba kukhona amazinga aphezulu asesimeni esisimeme kanye nalawo aphezulu kakhulu e-ritanserin egazini, lesi siphuzo asizange sehlise umfutho wegazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengoba ukuvinjelwa okugxile kwamariseptha e-4alpha-PDBu okwenzeka isikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa i-ritanserin kungakwehlisanga umfutho wegazi, kuyathathwa njengomphumela ukuthi izakhiwo zamablokheli e-4alpha-PDBu ze-ketanserin, zodwa, azikwazi ukuba nomthelela wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokwanele nakanjani.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-022", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIsifo sezinso esihlala isikhathi eside (CKD) sihambisana nokwehla kokukhiqizeka kwe-nitric oxide (NO) ezinsweni kanye nokwanda kwamazinga e-methylarginines ohlamvini lwegazi. I-guanidino-methylated arginines eyenzeka ngokwemvelo i-N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) kanye ne-asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA) ivimba umsebenzi we-NO synthase. Siqagele ukuthi i-ADMA kanye ne-l-NMMA zingakwazi ukuthikameza ukusebenza kwesivikelo sokuhlunga okwenzeka ezinsweni ngokubamba i-NO. Safunda umthelela we-ADMA ekungenisweni kwe-albumin (P(alb)) ezinsweni ezihlukanisiwe futhi sahlola ukuthi ngabe lo mthelela ubandakanya izindlela ezixhumene ne-NO kanye ne-superoxide (O(2)(*)). I-ADMA emazingeni atholakala ohlamvini lwegazi lweziguli ezine-CKD yanciphisa i-cGMP futhi yandisa i-P(alb) ngendlela encike ezingeni. Ukwanda okufanayo kwe-P(alb) kwabangwa yi-l-NMMA kodwa ezingeni eliphezulu ngamazinga amabili ukwedlula elwe-ADMA. Umniki we-NO i-DETA-NONOate noma i-cGMP analog yavimba umthelela we-ADMA kwi-P(alb). I-SOD mimetic i-tempol noma i-NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor i-apocynin nayo yavikela ukwanda kwe-P(alb) okubangelwa yi-ADMA. I-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator i-BAY 41-2272 engaxhumene ne-NO, emazingeni andisa ukukhiqizeka kwe-cGMP ezinsweni, yanciphisa ukwanda kwe-P(alb) okubangelwa yi-ADMA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungasebenzi kwe-sGC okubangelwa yi-heme site-selective inhibitor i-ODQ kwandisa i-P(alb).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ADMA iyaphazamisa ubuqotho besivimbo sokuhluza ngokushintsha ukutholakala ngokwezinto eziphilayo ze-NO ne-O(2)(*-) nokuthi ukuvuselwa kwe-sGC okungancike ku-NO kugcina ubuqotho balesi sivimbo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuncipha kwe-NO.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-023", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Angiotensin II (ANG II) ibangela ukuvutha kanye nokuhlasela kwe-oxidative stress okubamba iqhaza ekudalekeni kophakamisa-gazi. Kulolu phenyo, sinqume ukuthi ngabe ukuvuseleka kwe-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) ku-hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) kuneqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-ANG II kumavenge ophakamisa-gazi ngokuxhumana nama-neurotransmitters ku-PVN. Amagundane anikezwe ukuchelelwa phansi kwesikhumba kwe-ANG II noma i-saline amasonto ama-4.  Lawa magundwane alaphiswa amasonto ama-4 ngomuthi ochelelwa kuma-PVN amabili ngo-vehicle noma i-losartan (LOS), i-angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonist, ngokusebenzisa i-osmotic minipump. Ukuchelelwa kwe-ANG II kwaholela emazingeni aphakeme e-glutamate, i-norepinephrine (NE), i-AT1-R kanye nama-cytokine adala ukuvutha (PIC), kanye namazinga aphansi e-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ku-PVN. Amagundane athola i-ANG II aphinde aba namazinga aphakeme okucindezela kwe-arterial, ama-PIC eplasmeni, i-NE kanye ne-aldosterone kunalawo alawulwayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-PVN nge-LOS kwanciphisa lezi zimpendulo ze-ANG II zophakamisa-gazi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ANG II -eyenza ukuthi i-RAS isebenze ku-PVN inenxaxheba ekusebenzeni kwe-RAS ekuphenduleni kokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuxhumana nezidlulisi zemithambo yenervisi ku-PVN.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-024", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSihlole umthelela wokusetshenziswa okusikhathi eside (izinsuku eziyi-15) kwemishanguzo yokwelapha i-hypertension, evela emakilasini ahlukahlukene ezokwelapha, ekucindezeleni kwemithambo (AP) kanye nokushintshashintsha kokusakaza kwenhliziyo kuamagundwane ayizi-2K1C hypertensive (amabili-izinto, ikiliphu eyodwa). Amagundwane ayi-2K1C athola ngomlomo okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo: amanzi, i-ramipril, i-losartan, i-atenolol, i-amlodipine, noma i-hydrochlorothiazide. Amagundwane ayi-Sham-operated normotensive athola amanzi. Emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 zokwelapha, i-AP yaqoqwa ngokuqhubekayo isuka ekhatheteni elifakiwe kumagundwane avukile isikhathi esiyamahora amabili futhi i-systolic AP kanye ne-pulse interval (PI) zenziwa i-autoregressive spectral analysis nezingxenye zokushintshashintsha zikaliwe emazingeni aphansi (LF: 0.25 kuya ku-0.75 Hz) namabendi amakhulu (HF: 0.75 kuya ku-3.0 Hz). I-AP ekalwe nge-tail-cuff yayingu-170 +/- 2 mm Hg kumagundwane ayi-2K1C kanye ne-131 +/- 3 mm Hg kumagundwane ayi-normotensive. Idatha ehlanganisiwe ikhombise ukuthi yonke imishanguzo yokwelapha i-hypertension yehlisa i-AP yamagundwane ayi-2K1C kuya ku-127 +/- 2 mm Hg, kanti amagundwane ayi-2K1C aphuziswe amanzi asala ene-hypertensive (206 +/- 11 mm Hg). Ukuhlukahluka kwe-systolic AP kwatholakala kwenyukile kumagundwane ayi-2K1C aphuziswe amanzi (34 +/- 2 mm Hg2), kanti amagundwane ayi-2K1C aphuziswe i-ramipril, i-atenolol, i-amlodipine, noma i-hydrochlorothiazide aveza ukuhlukahluka kwe-AP okufana nokumagundwane ayi-normotensive (16 +/- 2 mm Hg2). I-Losartan yanormalayiza i-AP yamagundwane ayi-2K1C kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwe-systolic AP kusasele kwenyukile (34 +/- 7 mm Hg2). Amagundwane ayi-2K1C aphuziswe amanzi abe ne-LF eyenyukile ye-systolic AP, kanti amagundwane ayi-2K1C aphuziswe i-losartan akhombise i-LF ephakeme ye-systolic AP ne-PI. I-Atenolol yaveza i-LF ephansi ne-HF ephakeme ye-PI.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, i-AP ihlele i-losartan kodwa ayinciphisanga uguquko lwe-losartan, okuphakamisa ukungalingani kwamandla emizwa yangaphakathi okucaciswa ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kwezimvo zohambo lwegazi ezimbanjweni zegazi.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-025", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzindlela ezidala ukushintsha-shintsha komfutho wegazi ophezulu (HF) nophansi (LF) kuyaqondakala kahle. Kodwa, kulwazi oluncane mayelana nomsuka womfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu (VLF) BPV. Sihlole umqondo wokuthi i-VLF BPV idalwa yizindlela ezincike kumashubhu e-L-type Ca(2+). Kumagundane aqaphelayo, umfutho wegazi emithanjeni urekhodwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolelwa (n = 8) nokuvinjelwa kwamangiliyon (n = 7) ngesikhathi kukhushulwa amadozi (0.01-5.0 mg.100 micro l(-1).h(-1)) avimbela umshubhu we-L-type Ca(2+) i-nifedipine angena ngomthambo. I-VLF (0.02-0.2 Hz), i-LF (0.2-0.6 Hz), ne-HF (0.6-3.0 Hz) BPV kuhlolwe ngokuhlukanisa umfutho wegazi we-systolic. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolelwa, i-nifedipine yenza ukwehla kwamandla e-VLF ne-LF BPV, kanti i-HF BPV ayizange ithinteke. Edozini ephakeme kakhulu ye-nifedipine, i-VLF BPV yehliswe ngo-86% uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda, okukhombisa ukuthi i-VLF BPV idalwa kakhulu yizindlela ezincike kumashubhu e-L-type Ca(2+). I-VLF BPV ibonakele incike kakhulu kumashubhu e-L-type Ca(2+) kunokushintsha-shintsha kwe-LF BPV ngoba amadozi aphansi e-nifedipine adingeka ukwehlisa i-VLF BPV kunalapho kwehliswa i-LF BPV. Ukuvinjwa kwamangiliyon kwehlise kakhulu i-VLF ne-LF BPV futhi kwasula ukwehla kwamandla kwe-VLF ne-LF BPV okudalwe yi-nifedipine, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-VLF ne-LF BPV zidinga umsebenzi we-sympathetic ukuze zibonakale.\n\nHypothesis:\nIsiphetho, i-VLF BPV ixhunywa kakhulu ngezindlela ezincike kushaneli ye-L-type NF449 (2+).", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-026", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmaseli endendritic yegazi lomuntu (DC) ahlanganisa plasmacytoid DC (PDC) kanye nemyeloid DC (MDC), kokubili okuvusa izimpendulo zamaseli-T okulwa nomdlavuza. Senze ucwaningo lokubheka amaseli e-DC egazini ezigulini ezingu-30 ezinomdlavuza we-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa nge-imatinib mesylate. Sithole ukuncipha okukhulu kwe-PDC ne-MDC ngaphambi kokwelapha. Lokhu kuncipha kuhambisana ne-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ephakeme eplazmeni, umhlahlandlela omkhulu wokwakhiwa kwemithambo yegazi, futhi ehlanganyela ekuphazamisekeni kwamandla okulwa nezifo ahambelana nomdlavuza. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-phenotypic ye-DC kuveze kwezinye iziguli ukwehluleka kokukhanyisa i-BDCA-4/neuropilin-1 ku-PDC, imolekhyuli ebambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokuxhumana kwamaseli e-DC ne-T. I-VEGF ephakeme ihambisane nokuphazamiseka kwebhalansi ye-Th1/Th2 emzimbeni futhi yadonsela ukuhleleka kwe-T-cell okukhuthazwa yi-PDC kweya ku-Th2 esivivaneni. Ngokwelashwa nge-imatinib, i-VEGF eplazmeni yehla ngokushesha futhi ukubonakala okujwayelekile kwe-BDCA-4 kwabuyiselwa. I-PDC ne-MDC zanda kodwa azifikanga emazingeni abonwa kubantu abaphilile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-VEGF ingaba ngumdlali obalulekile ekwenzeni ukushoda kwe-DC egazini ku-CML futhi sibonisa ukuthi i-imatinib ivimba ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-VEGF.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-027", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIkhono le-interleukin-6 (IL-6) ukushintsha izinga lokuvikeleka kwegazi kanye nomsebenzi weseli yemesangial kubeka indima yale cytokine ekuthuthukisweni kwe-autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Le hypotesis yahlolwa ezilwaneni ezisezingeni elingu-6-nyanga ezinsikazi (NZB x NZW)F1 ezanikwa i-recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) (50 kanye nama-250 micrograms/kg s.c.) umasonto ayi-12, okwaba nomphumela wephateni esheshayo nenzima ye-membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ehambisana nokukhula okubonakalayo kwe-mesangial major histocompatibility complex class II antigen kanye ne-glomerular ICAM-1 expression. Ukuhlukanisa imiphumela eqondile ye-rhIL-6 ku-renal mesangium kulabo abavela ohlelweni lokuvikeleka, izilwane (NZB x NZW)F1 zanqandwa ukuvikeleka nge-cyclosporin. Ukunqandwa kokuvikeleka nge-cyclosporin kwavimba ukuthuthuka kwe-glomerulonephritis, kwehlisa i-class II antigen expression, futhi kwaqeda imiphumela edalwa yi-IL-6. Ukunikeza i-neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody akubanga namphumela ekuthuthukeni ngokwemvelo kwe-glomerulonephritis ezilwaneni (NZB x NZW)F1. Lolu tholakele, kanye namazinga e-IL-6 angabonakali egazini, kwenza indima ye-pathogenetic ye-IL-6 ekhiqizwa ngokwendalo kulesi sifo ingase ingenzeki. Ngokuphambene nezilwane (NZB x NZW)F1, izilwane zabazali ze-NZW noma BALB/c ezanikwa amazinga aphezulu e-rhIL-6 (500 micrograms/kg) noma i-recombinant murine IL-6 (100 micrograms/kg) nsuku zonke amasonto ama-4 aziphumelelanga ukuthuthukisa ubufakazi be-morphological noma be-biochemical be-glomerulonephritis. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-acute phase proteins, i-anemia, i-thrombocytosis, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-renal class II antigen kuqinisekise umsebenzi we-biological ye-IL-6 kulezi zilwane.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, nakuba ingenamiphumela enezinkinga kwizinso kumakhaza ajwayelekile, i-IL-6 isheshisa ukuthuthuka kwe-glomerulonephritis enqunywe ngokomlando wofuzo kumakhaza e-(NZB x NZW)F1 ngemiphumela eza ngohlelo lwemizwa olulungisiwe.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-028", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nNgaphambilini sibonisile ukuthi isiqephu se-organic se-blue-green alga, i-Spirulina platensis (SPE), sinekhono elinamandla lokulwa nokuvuvuka kumacellule amakhulu abhekene nokulwa nezifo (macrophages). Njengoba ukuhlangana phakathi kwamacellule amakhulu (macrophages) namacellule amafutha (adipocytes) kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamacellule amafutha, sicwaninge igalelo lemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvuka ye-SPE kumacrophages ku-adipogenesis/lipogenesis kumacellule amafutha e-3T3-L1. Ama-3T3-L1 preadipocytes alashwa nge-10% yendawo ehlelekile evela kumacrophages e-RAW 264.7 akhuthazwe nge-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (CMC) noma amacrophages akhuthazwe nge-LPS, kodwa ahlolwe nge-SPE ngaphambi kwalokho (CMS) ezikhathini ezahlukene zokuhlukaniswa kwamacellule amafutha. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimpawu zokuhlukaniswa kwamacellule amafutha, ezifana ne-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, ne-perilipin, kwancipha kakhulu nge-CMC uma kufakwa ngosuku lwesi-3, kanti lokunciphisa kwancishiswa nge-CMS. Ukufakwa kombala we-Oil Red O kuqinisekise ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwamacellule amafutha kumacellule alashwe nge-CMS, kodwa hhayi kulawo alashwe nge-CMC, kulingana nalawo macellule okulawula. Ukudluliselwa kwesinyathelo somzimba se-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 kwancishiswa nge-CMS uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CMC. Kumacellule amafutha agcwele amafutha, i-CMC yakhuthaza ukulahleka kwamathonsi amafutha, kanti i-CMS yaba nemiphumela encane. Amazinga ama-histone deacetylase 9 mRNA namaprotheni akhula ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamacellule amafutha, lokho kwancipha nge-CMC.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokuphetha, ngokuxhumana kanye nama-adipocytes, imiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala ye-SPE kuma-macrophage ikhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa/ukuvuthwa kwe-adipocyte, okungenani ingxenye, ngokucindezela ukuqaliswa kwezindlela ezivuvukalayo ze-NF-κB, ezingase zibe sengcupheni esimeni sokuvuvukala.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-029", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuqhubeka nophenyo ngendlela yokucindezela umsebenzi wokubulala wamaseli obubende amancane (NK) egazini eliphumayo emzimbeni ngemva kokuzivocavoca okukhulu. Igazi laqoqelwa ukuhlaziywa kwezinga lamaseli obubende amancane, umsebenzi wokubulala, ukuvela kwembonakalo yeCD2 kanye nokuvela kwegene leperforin kwababaleki (RUN, n=6) nabasesimeni sokuphumula (CONTROL, n=4) ngaphambi kokuvocavoca, 0, 1.5, 5, kanye nama-24 h emuva kokugijima isikhathi esingama-60-min kumshini wokugijima ngesivinini esingama-80% se-VO2 peak. Umsebenzi wokubulala wamaseli obubende amancane, okalwe ngokusebenzisa indlela yokukhipha i-chromium yegazini eliphelele, wanyakaza kancane eqenjini leCONTROL futhi wakhula ngama-63% futhi wehla ngama-43% ngama-0 kanye nama-1.5 h emuva kokuvocavoca, ngokulandelana, eqenjini le-RUN (iqembu x isikhathi, P < 0.001). I-Lytic index (umsebenzi wokubulala ngeseli) azange ishintsha. I-Perforin mRNA, okalwe usebenzisa i-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) yehlile kusukela ngaphambi kuya emuva kokuzivocavoca futhi yaqhubeka nokwehla kuze kube ama-24 h. Ukwehla kusukela ngaphambi kuya ema-0 h emuva kokuzivocavoca kwabonakala kakhulu eqenjini le-RUN futhi kwakuhlobene ngokuhambisana okuphambene (r=- 0.95) ne-perforin mRNA yangaphambi kokuzivocavoca. Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwe-CD2 (i-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-2) eselini le-NK kwabekwa ngokusebenzisa ama-antibodies anemibala akhanyayo kanye ne-flow cytometry. Akubangakho kushintsha esibhalanganeni samaseli e-NK aveza i-CD2 noma i-density ye-CD2.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethela ngokuthi (1) ukuhlukaniswa kwezinombolo kuye kwabangelela isilinganiso esikhulu soshintsho emisebenzinikufaka umfutho we-NK emva kokugijima okukhathazayo, (2) ukwanda kwesibonelo segene le-perforin ngesikhathi sokugijima kuye kwaba nendima ehlukile emazingeni angaphambi kokuzivocavoca kodwa akuzange kuhambisane noshintsho emisebenzini yokubulala amagciwane, kanye (3) ukubonakalisa okusebenzayo kwe-CD2 akuzange kuthintwe ukuzivocavoca.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-030", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmalungelo abizwa nge-Toll-like (ama-TLR) aqhuba indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yokuzivikela ngokubona imikhiqizo egcinwe yemicrobial. I-Fc γ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), i-receptor evalayo, isebenzisa imisebenzi yayo yokulawula ukuzivikela ngokubophela ku-immunoglobulin G Fc domain. Nakuba izindima zombili zama-TLR ne-FcγRIIb sezifundwe ngokujulile, ukukhuluma phakathi kwe-FcγRIIb ne-TLR4 kuwo amaseli angu-B kuhlala kungaziwa. Lesi sifundo samanje sakhombisa ukuthi i-FcγRIIb eboshwe yi-immune complex (IC) yanciphisa ukusebenza kwe-nuclear factor (NF)-κB evuselelwe yi-TLR4, futhi yanciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-interleukin (IL)-6 kumaseli angu-B, ngokuthuthukisa i-LYN proto-oncogene (Lyn) phosphorylation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa nge-IC kwavikela amagundane eshokini yokubulala ye-endotoxic. Ngokufanele, i-IC yanciphisa amazinga e-LPS-induced serum e-IL-6, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-IL-6 ngaphakathi kwamaseli angu-B ku-vivo. Kodwa-ke, le miphumela yokuvikela neyokunqanda ye-IC ayibonwanga emagunjaneni angu-(FcγRIIb).\n\nHypothesis:\nEkuphetheni, idatha yamanje ikhombise ukuthi i-TLR4 ivimbele izimpawu ze-FcγRIIb emasosheni B ngokuqalisa ukufosforileshini kwe-Lyn kanye nokuvimba izimpawu ze-NF鈥懳何�", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-031", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSihlole ukuphatheka kwemethabholikhi yengaphakathi yeseli yeglucose yaseplasma ngesikhathi sokukhinyabezeka kwe-hyperglycemic kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokubekezelela i-glucose (IGT; n = 21) kanye nalabo abanokubekezelela i-glucose okujwayelekile (n = 10) sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokufakwa kwe-[3-(3)H]glucose kanye nokukalwa kokwakheka kwe-[(3)H]water kanye ne-indirect calorimetry. I-IGT yahambisana nokwehliswa kwezimpendulo ze-insulin yesigaba sokuqala ngo-35%, izimpendulo ze-insulin zesigaba sesibili ezijwayelekile, kanye nokwehliswa kokuzwela i-insulin ngo-25-30%, okuholela ekuncipheni kokulahlwa kwe-glucose yaseplasma ngo-35%. Lokhu kwahambisana nokuncishiswa ngama-55% kokugcinwa kwe-glucose yaseplasma (P < 0.01) kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-glycolysis ye-glucose yaseplasma ngama-15-20% (P < 0.03), okumele cishe ama-75 nama-25% okunciphisa ukulahlwa kwe-glucose, ngokulandelana. Ukwehla kokushiswa kwe-glucose kwaba yisizathu esiphelele sokwehla kwe-glycolysis. Ngakho-ke, i-glycolysis engenakushiswa ye-glucose yaseplasma ku-IGT yafana ne-NGT (P > 0.9) futhi yaba yingxenye enkulu yokulahlwa kwe-glucose yomzimba wonke (P < 0.05).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi, ku-IGT, ukuncipha kokulahlwa kwe-glucose ye-plasma kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukuncipha kokwakhiwa kwe-glycogen kanye, ngezinga elincane, ukuncipha kwe-glycolysis, okuvela ngenxa yokuncipha kokushiswa kwe-glucose.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-032", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmthelela wokwelashwa ngama-vanadium ekuhanjiswen kwe-insulin-stimulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) wafundwa emathishwini enhliziyo ezimpuku ezine-streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes ngokuthola ukusakazeka kwama-subcellular kwe-GLUT4. Amaqembu amane ezimpuku ahlolwa: ezilawulayo nezinenhlupho yesifo sikashukela, ezinokwelashwa noma ezingenazo bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV, uhlobo lwe-organic ye-vanadium) isikhathi esingamaviki ayisi-8. Umthelela we-vanadium ekuhanjiswen kwe-GLUT4 okukhuthazwa yi-insulin wafundwa emizuzwini emi-5 njengesabelo se-insulin sokuqala, kanye nemizuzu eyi-15 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin njengesabelo se-insulin esiphelele. Emizuzwini emi-5 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin, izinga le-plasma membrane GLUT4 eqenjini elishukela elilashiwe lalingahlukile kumaqembu okulawula futhi beliphakeme kakhulu kunesabelo esikhuthazwa yi-insulin seqembu elinesifo sikashukela, okukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesabelo se-insulin ekuhanjisweni kwe-GLUT4 okudalwa ukwelashwa ngama-vanadium. Ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeke emizuzwini emi-5 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin, akukho mehluko obalulekile ezingeni le-plasma membrane GLUT4 ophawulekayo phakathi kweqembu elinesifo sikashukela neqembu elinesifo sikashukela elilashiwe emizuzwini eyi-15 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-GLUT4 okuvela esitokweni se-intracellular ngokusabela kwi-insulin kuphenywi futhi emizuzwini eyi-15 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin. Umthamo ongaphakathi weselula we-GLUT4 wawuphakeme kakhulu eqenjini elinesifo sikashukela elilashiwe uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elinesifo sikashukela ngaphansi kwesimo esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda komthamo ongaphakathi weselula we-GLUT4 eqenjini elinesifo sikashukela elilashiwe akuzange kuholele ekuhanjisweni kwe-GLUT4 okuningi okuhlanganiswe ne-insulin emizuzwini eyi-15 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin.\n\nHypothesis:\nEmva kokuqedela, ukutholakala kokuthi i-plasma membrane GLUT4 eqenjini lesifo sikashukela elithola ukwelashwa ayikhuphukile kakhulu kunalelo qembu elinesisifo sikashukela esithatha imizuzu emihlanu kodwa hhayi emva kwemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu ngemva komjovo we-insulin, kukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-vanadium kuthuthukisa ukwedluliselwa kwe-GLUT4 okudalakelwa yi-insulin esithweni senhliziyo ngokuthuthukisa ukuphendula kwayo masinyane.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-033", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzindlela lapho i-enteroinsular axis ithuthukisa khona ukusebenza kwamaseli e-beta aziphenywanga ngokugcwele. Senze ukuphathwa kwe-glucose yomlomo kanye ne-intravenous (IV) glucose eyisolinqaniso kubantu abanesimo esijwayelekile (NGT; n = 11) noma ukumelana ne-glucose okungaphelele (IGT; n = 10), sisebenzisa i-C-peptide deconvolution ukubala izilinganiso zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kanye namamodeli wezibalo ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwamaseli e-beta. Umphumela we-incretin wathathwa njengesilinganiso sokusabela komlomo ku-IV. Ku-NGT, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okuqhutshwa yi-incretin [uhlolo lokusebenza kwe-glucose yomlomo (OGTT)/i-IV ratio = 1.59 +/- 0.18, P = 0.004] kufinyelele ku-18 +/- 2 nmol/m(2) (32 +/- 4% wokusabela komlomo), futhi indlela yokuhamba kwayo kwahambisana nokuhamba kokwakhiwa kwe-insulin ephelele. Ukuzwela kwamaseli e-beta kwe-glucose (OGTT/IV ratio = 1.52 +/- 0.26, P = 0.02), ukuzwela kwesilinganiso (ukuphendula ezingini lokushintsha kwe-glucose, OGTT/IV ratio = 2.22 +/- 0.37, P = 0.06), kanye nokwenza amandla okungaxhumene ne-glucose kwakuphakeme kakhulu nge-glucose yomlomo kunangeyama-IV. Ku-IGT, ukuzwela kwamaseli e-beta kwi-glucose (75 +/- 14 vs. 156 +/- 28 pmol.min(-1).m(-2).mM(-1) ye-NGT, P = 0.01) kanye nokwenza amandla kwakungasebenzi kahle ku-OGTT. Umphumela we-incretin wawungehlukile kakhulu ku-NGT ngokwamaplasma e-glucagon-like peptide 1 kanye nezimpendulo ze-glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ephelele, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuzwela kwamaseli e-beta kwi-glucose (OGTT/IV ratio = 1.73 +/- 0.24, P = NS vs. NGT). Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokuhamba kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okuqhutshwa yi-incretin kanye nokwenza amandla kushintshiwe, ngokudlula kokukhutshazelwa yi-glucose uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhuthazwa okuqhutshwa yi-incretin.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo zomzimba ezijwayelekile, ukukhuthazwa kwama-incretin kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuvela ngenxa yokuqiniswa kwazo zonke izinhlangothi ezishintshayo zomsebenzi wamaseli e-beta, ikakhulukazi ukuzwela kwe-glucose kwamaseli e-beta.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-034", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nEmsihleni enama-glycogen, i-glycogenesis ibukeka ilawulwa i-glucose 6-phosphate (6-P), kodwa ngemva kokuphela kwe-glycogen, ukulawula okuzenzakalela kwe-glycogen kungaba yisiboniso. Sahlaziya esikhuliseni semisipha yabantu umnikelo wokuphela kwe-glycogen ngokuqhathaniswa ne-glucose 6-P ekulawuleni ukubuyisela i-glycogen. Ukuphela okusheshayo kwe-glycogen kwenziwa ngokuhlelela amaseli ukuba akhiqize ngokweqile i-glycogen phosphorylase (GP). Amaseli aphathwe nge-AdCMV-MGP adenovirus ukukhiqiza i-GP enesakhiwo esiphindwe ka-10 abonisa i-glycogen engashintshile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvivinyo ku-25 mM glucose, kodwa aphendula ekungabikho kwe-glucose amahora angu-6 ngokuphela kwe-glycogen okuthe xaxa. Isilinganiso sesakhiwo se-Glycogen synthase (GS) saba phindwe kabili emaselini e-AdCMV-MGP angenamthamo we-glucose uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvivinyo, naphezu kokufana kwe-glucose 6-P. Isicongo sokuqala sokusebenza kwe-GS (imizuzu engu-30) esingeniswe ngokufaka kabusha i-glucose kuhlangene ngokuncike ezingeni le-glucose 6-P, efika emazingeni afanayo aphelele kuwo womabili amahlobo amaseli. Ukusebenza kwe-GS kwancipha kakhulu emaselini e-AdCMV-MGP, ngesikhathi kuhlangana kakhulu, nobudlelwane obuphambene, nomthamo we-glycogen. Ukubuyiselwa kabusha okukhulu kwe-glycogen (0-1 h) okungancikile kwi-insulin kwabonakala kuphela emaselini e-AdCMV-MGP, okwaqhubeka kwaze kwafika kumazinga e-glycogen angu-150 micrograms glucose/mg protein; amaseli okuvivinyo, angancipisanga i-glycogen ngaphansi kwalesi silinganiso, abonisa ukubambezeleka kwehora elilodwa ukuze abuyisele. Ngamafuphi, ukuncipha okusheshayo kwe-glycogen, njengoba kwenziwe ukuphindaphinda kwe-GP, kwabangela ukusebenza kwe-GS, okwakuhlangene ngokuphambene nokugcwaliswa kabusha kwe-glycogen okungancikile ku-glucose 6-P. Ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwe-glycogen, ukusebenza okugqugquzelwa ukuncipha okusheshayo kwe-glycogen kwenze i-GS isebenze ngempumelelo ekulawuleni i-glycogenesis, ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwesikhashana kwe-GS okubangelwe ukukhula kwe-glucose 6-P kungabi namthelela esilinganisweni sokubuyisela.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukuphinde kwakhiwe kwe-glycogen okusekelwe ekutheni i-insulin ingekho kusekela ekusebenzeni kwe-GS ngenxa yokupheliswa kwe-glycogen okwenziwa yi-GP kunokuthi kunikezwe i-glucose 6-P.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-035", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-amylin yepankreasi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwezakha-mzimba futhi iyindlela yokwelapha esimiswe kwisifo sikashukela sabantu njengoba inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-glucagon emva kokudla futhi iphendula kancanekancane esiswini. Njengoba kukhona ukufana kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela esingu-type-2 kubantu kanye nesifo sikashukela samakati, sicubungule ukuthi i-amylin iyanciphisa yini amazinga e-glucagon egazini lamakati. Amakati aphilile ahlolwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokungeniswa kwe-arginine ngomthambo (IVAST), ukuhlolwa kwempendulo yokudla lapho ukudla okuhlolwayo kulinganiselwa ku-50% wokudla okudliwa nsuku zonke, kanye nokuhlolwa kokubekezela i-glucose emthanjini (IVGTT). I-amylin yegundane engenalutho futhi engakhi ama-amyloid, eyajovwa emizuzwini emi-5 ngaphambi komphemelo, yanciphisa kakhulu amazinga e-glucagon egazini kuzo zonke izimo zokuhlola. Ku-IVAST kanye ne-IVGTT, amakati elashwa nge-amylin aphinde aba namazinga aphansi e-insulin egazini.\n\nHypothesis:\nAkungaphethekelwanga ukuthi i-amylin ayehlisi amazinga e-glucagon kwi-plasma ezikati, isici esinokwelapheka okusemqoka ezilwaneni ezinesifo sikashukela njengoba ukusebenzisa i-amylin kanye ne-insulin kunganciphisa isidingo se-insulin ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-036", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImithelela yokwehlisa ukwesaba etholakala ekulweni uphuzo oludakayo ibamba iqhaza ezintweni eziqinisa leli thuluzi, lapho i-nucleus accumbens (NAcc) ihlanganiswa khona. I-opioidergic system kwi-NAcc ithathwa njengendlela enkulu ebandakanyeka ezimpendulweni zemizwa ezilwaneni: amagundane afakwe umuthi we-morphine kwi-NAcc kanye nokusetshenziswa okwahlukene kwezintambo ze-μ-opioid (MOR) zenza ukuthi ibe phansi amazinga okwesaba ehlweni le-elevated plus maze (EPM), ukuhlolwa kokuziohathis kwalesi simo sokwesaba. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba iqhaza okukhethekile kwe-NAcc MOR kumthelela wokunqanda ukwesaba wotshwala akukafundwa. I-AC5, i-cAMP-synthezising adenylyl-cyclase, ikhishwa kakhulu kwi-NAcc; ixhumana ngendlela engemihle ne-MOR futhi ibandakanywe emazingeni okwesaba ezilwaneni. Sihlole imithelela yokwehlisa ukwesaba ngokusetshenziswa kwe-intra-gastric kotshwala (2.5 g/kg) ezilwaneni ezihlolwe nge-EPM emva kwehora eli-1, 4, no-8 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kotshwala noma amanzi. Ukunyakaza kuhlolwe nge-open-field test; siphinde salinganisa amazinga e-AC5 ye-accumbal ne-MOR mRNA ngokusebenzisa i-RT-PCR. Ngemuva kwehora eli-1, izilwane ezisebenzise uphuzo oludakayo zibonise ukuziphatha okufana nokwehlisa ukukhathazeka, kanye nokwehla nokwenyuka kwe-AC5 ne-MOR expression kwi-NAcc, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlonyulwa kwe-intra-accumbal kwe-尾-funaltrexamine (FNA), isivimbi se-MOR, akuyivimbanga ukwehlisa ukwesaba okudalwa utshwala, kunalokho kudale ukuthi amazinga okwesaba ande eqenjini elisebenzise amanzi. I-FNA yanciphisa kancane ukuvezwa kwe-accumbal AC5 kumagundane aphuziswe utshwala.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethe ngokuthi i-AC5 ku-NAcc ibamba iqhaza emiphumeleni yemizwa ye-ethanol; nokuthi i-MOR ayizange ibambe iqhaza ekuncipisweni kwe-AC5 okubangelwa wumuthi ku-NAcc noma ekuphunguleni ukwesaba okubangelwa yi-ethanol.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-037", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUbuhlungu bohlelo lwemizwa luyi-neuropathic yinhlobo yobuhlungu olukhulayo obenzeka ezigulini eziningi ezikulimele emgogodleni (SCI), okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwengqondo nomzimba isikhathi eside. Yize izindlela eziningi ezisemzimbeni nezisenhliziyweni kuye kwathiwa zinendima enqubeni yobuhlungu be-neuropathic, ukuzwela okukhulu kwezinzwa zemigqa yomgogodla (STT) eziyo-dorsal horn kuyisizathu esikhulu esimqoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalawuleki kahle kwesimo se-glutamate engaphandle kweseli kanye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza kwamaseli e-astrocyte kudlala indima ebalulekile ekujaheni ngokweqile kwalezi zinzwa ze-dorsal horn. Kuze kube manje, ukuzwela okuphakeme nezinguquko kuma-astrocyte azange kuhlolwe ezilwaneni ezinesimila sobuhlungu be-neuropathic obuvela ekulimaleni komgogodla entanyeni (cervical), nakuba isibalo esikhulu seziguli ze-SCI zihlaselwa ukulimala okuncindezela umgogodla entanyeni. Kulolu cwaningo, sihlaziye izilwane ezimbili zamagundane ezinokulimala okuncindezela icele elilodwa lomgogodla entanyeni, okuthi ngokwendlela yokuziphatha kuholele ekuqhubekeni kwezinhlungu eziqhubekayo ezandleni zangaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sithole ukuthi izinzwa ze-STT zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuwo omabili amamodeli uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane angalimalanga ahlinzwe nge-laminectomy kuphela. Okokugcina, ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwama-astrocyte kanye nokwehla okubonakalayo kokuvela kwesithuthi esisemqoka se-glutamate se-CNS, i-GLT1, kuma-astrocyte aku-dorsal horn kuhlobene nezinguquko zokusebenza kakhulu kwezinzwa ze-STT kanye nendlela yokuziphatha kwe-neuropathic pain.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokucina, sichasise amamodeli anogwadla asendaweni yephutha eligaxekile - athola ukucindezela okuholela ekuqaliseni okusikhathi eside kwamaneuroni e-STT kanye nama-astrocytes, kanye nokwehlisa amathuba okuhamba kwezimpawu zamakha ze-glutamate ze-astrocyte.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-038", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSikalele ukwehla ekuhambeni kwezinkala zamachibini ezingavinjelwe, i-Lymnaea stagnalis, okulandela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba samaqhubu amabili akhethekile aphikisana ne-octopamine, i-epinastine ne-phentolamine. Emva kwamahora angu-3 emanzini ahlanzekile ajwayelekile ezinkaleni elandela ukwelashwa nge-epinastine engu-4 mM noma i-phentolamine engu-3.5 mM, ijubane lezinkala lehla laba ngu-25 no-56% uma liqhathaniswa nalelo lalezi ezingalahlwa (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, ngokulandelana). Ijubane lezinkala lehla lapho isilinganiso sechwebezi lenyuka. Kwi-CNS esehlukanisiwe, i-octopamine engu-0.5 mM yenyusa izinga lokudubula kwama-motoneuron eqoqweni lonyawo A, amathambisa amakhala onyawo. Kumanzini ajwayelekile ososalti ukwenyuka kwakungamaphesenti angu-26 kanti kumanzini aphezulu emagnesium/aphansi ekalushiyamu kwakungamaphesenti angu-22 (P < 0.05 no-0.01, ngokulandelana).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethela ngokuthi ukulwisa i-octopamine kunciphisa ukunyakaza kwe-Lymnaea stagnalis.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-039", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImithelela yemithambo yezokwelashwa okusebenzisa i-antiangiogenic kungadala izinkinga ekuhloleleni ukukhula kwesifo somhlathi wegazi ekhanda esisekelwe ekuskenisweni kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) okuvelele. Sasebenzisa i-dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI eyi-12 T ukuhlola izimpendulo zemithambo ezokwelashweni kwe-antiangiogenic kanye nosizo lwama-steroid. Amagundane angenalwazi lwemithambo anesibulali esitholakala ekhandeni se-U87MG human glioma (n=17) ahlolwa ngokusebenzisa ukuskeniwa kwe-susceptibility-weighted perfusion MRI ngokusebenzisa i-ferumoxytol, i-nanoparticle yensimbi encane kakhulu eyisigqebhezana ewuhlobo lwe-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) etholakala kuphela phakathi kwemithambo, kanti emuva kwalokho kwasetshenziselwa ukuskeniwa kwe-T1-weighted dynamic gadodiamide-enhanced MRI ukukala ukuvuza kwemithambo. Amagundane askeniwa ngaphambi kanye nangemuva kwamahora angu-24, 48, kanye nama-72 okwelashwa ngomuthi woku-antiangiogenic i-bevacizumab noma i-corticosteroid i-dexamethasone. Ukuvuza komuthi wokuveza isigaxa kwabonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-gadodiamide, kodwa akuzange kubonakale ngokusebenzisa i-ferumoxytol. I-bevacizumab yanciphisa ngokusemqoka izinga legazi futhi yanciphisa ukuvuza ezigebhezini njengoba kwakubonakala ngesikhathi esandile sokufika esicongweni sokuvezwa kwesigaxa. Idozi elilodwa elingangu-45 mg/kg ye-bevacizumab laba nemiphumela efanayo ne-dexamethasone enikwe ngedozi enkulu kakhulu (12 mg/kg ngosuku), futhi yabasemandla kakhulu kune-dexamethasone engu 2 mg/kg ngosuku.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi izilinganiso ze-dynamic perfusion MRI ngeferumoxytol USPIO ukuhlola izinga legazi emithanjeni yobuchopho, kanye ne-dynamic gadodiamide-enhanced MR ukuhlola ukuvuza kwemithambo, kubonisa ithemba ekuboneni ngokunemba izimpendulo zokwelapha ekwelashweni okuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo emisha.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-040", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-opioid i-dynorphin-A (dynA) icatshangelwa ukuthi inomthelela enqubeni yokulimala kwesibili elandela ukulimala komgogodla noma i-spinal cord yize kuncane okwaziwa mayelana nezindlela zokusebenza kwezinto zamakhemikhali ezibandakanyekayo. Esifundweni samanje, sisebenzise ukuhlanganisa i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kanye ne-spectroscopy (MRS) kanye nezivivinyo zokusebenza kwamalungu emumva ukuhlola imiphumela ye-intrathecal dynA infusion kumgogodla wegundane. Ukufakwa kwe-100 nmol ye-dynA (1-17) kwabangela ukuvuvukala okubonakele okungubungqangi njengoba kubonakalisiwe nge-MRI emva kwamahora angu-24 emva kokufakwa. Ukufakwa kwe-100 nmol ye-dynA (2-17) fragment, engenayo noma iyiphi imisebenzi emaresepteni opiate, kwakhiqiza ukuvuvukala okukhulu kanti i-100 nmol yamaqophelo aphansi wokusebenza kwe-kappa opiate receptor ligand dynA (1-8) noma i-artificial CSF (ACSF) akuzange kukhiqize ukuvuvukala. Kokubili i-dynA (1-17) kanye ne-dynA (2-17) kukhiqize ukwehluleka okubonakalayo kokuhamba kwamalungu emuva emva kwamahora angu-24 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-dynA (1-8) kanye ne-ACSF (P < 0.05), kodwa ukwehluleka eqenjini le-dynA (1-17) kwaba kubi kakhulu kunezilwane ezelalashwa nge-dynA (2-17) (P < 0.05). Ngokufanayo, ukufa ezilwaneni ezelalashwa nge-dynA (1-17) kwaba phezulu kakhulu kunalawo amanye amaqembu (P = 0.002). I-Phosphorus MRS yabonisa ukuthi izilwane ezelalashwa nge-dynA (1-17) ne-dynA (2-17) zaba nokwehla okubonakalayo kumaphospheti anamandla aphezulu emgogodleni emva kwamahora angu-24 emva kokufakwa.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-dynA ibangelela ukufa kwamaseli entanjeni yomgogodla ngokubangela ukuhluleka kwemethabholizimu kanye nokuthuthuka kwe-edema.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-041", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmndeni we-GATA wezinto ezilawula ukubhaliselwa kuqondisa amaphethini ahlukene emazingeni wokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka. Sihlaziye ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaphroteni e-GATA kanye nomkhuthazi wejini le-lactase. Iprotheni ehambisana nesakhiwo se-GATA sejini le-lactase (-97 kuya ku -73) ihloliwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) kanye ne-supershift assays ezisebenzisa ama-antibody e-GATA. Imisebenzi yomkhuthazi we-lactase yahlolwa emasosheni e-Caco-2 afakwe ngokuhlanganisa okujwayelekile kanye naloko okuguqulwe kwe-luciferase kwe-promoter-reporter kanye nezakhiwo zokukhiqiza i-GATA-4/5/6. I-EMSA esebenzisa isibonisi sesifunda se-GATA ikhiqiza inhlanganisela ethile ye-DNA-protheni edinga indawo yokubopheka ye-GATA factor ebizwa nge-WGATAR. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngama-antibody ahlukene e-GATA-4 kanye ne-GATA-6. Izakhiwo zokukhiqiza i-GATA-4/5/6 ziyakwazi ukusebenzisa ukubhaliswa okuholwa ngumkhuthazi ojwayelekile, kodwa hhayi umkhuthazi lapho indawo yokubopheka ye-GATA iguqulwe, emasosheni e-Caco-2 kanye ne-QT6 angekho esithakazelweni. Ukubopheka kwe-GATA factor esakhiweni se-lactase kuhambisana nokuqala kokusebenza komkhuthazi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-lactase promoter iqaliswa yimindeni ye-GATA yezinto ezijikijelwa amazosha eziyi-GATA-4 ne-6.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-042", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkususwa kwe-mitotic spindle eceleni kweseli kubalulekile ukuze amaseli amaningi ahlukaniseke ngokungalingani. Naphezu kokuthi izingqinamba zamanje seziqale ukuveza ezinye izindlela zokusebenza kwemolekhuli ze-mitotic spindle displacement, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngokuthi ukususwa kwe-spindle kuhlelelwa kanjani ngesikhathi esifanele. Indlela yokuthuthuka kwe-mitotic eyaziwa ihlela izikhathi ezintweni ezehlukanisayo emaseli, yize lokhu belingakaze lihlanganiswe nokususwa kwe-spindle. Le ndlela ihlanganisa i-anaphase-promoting complex (APC), umshushisi wayo u-Cdc20/Fizzy, inhloso yayo yokubhidlizwa i-cyclin, kanye ne-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). Lapha sibonisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye zakhiwa isikhathi esingakaze sihlonzwe ngaphambilini se-spindle displacement. Ku-zygote ye-Caenorhabditis elegans, ukususwa kwe-mitotic spindle kuqala ngesikhathi esithile, masinyane ngemva kokuba ama-chromosomes ehlangana ku-metaphase plate. Sithole ukuthi ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-proteasome, i-APC, noma i-Cdc20/Fizzy kwenza ukuba ukususwa kwe-spindle kuhambe kancane. Ngokuphambene, ukumisa i-CDK ku-prometaphase kwenza ukuthi i-spindle inyakaziswe kusenesikhathi. Umphumela wokuhlukanisa ngokuhlola ukususwa kwe-spindle kule ndlela yokuhlela isikhathi kwaba ukususa ngaphambi kwesikhathi izingxenye ezingagcwele zokuhlanganiswa kwe-mitotic spindle.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethela ngokuthi kulolu hlelo, ukubekwa kwesindindi yokuhlukanisa ocansini eyehlukile livese kuteswa isikhashana esifushane kuze kube i-APC isiphucula i-CDK, futhi lokhu kuteswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi isindindi ayiqali ukunyakaza kuze kube isihlanganiswe ngokuphelele.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-043", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuguga kwama-seli kuyisithiyo kumashubhu okulungisa ngokulondoloza ama-seli angaphansi kwesigqila (somatic stem cells). Sikhombise ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuqala kokuguga kwama-seli kuvimba ukwahlukaniswa kwamathambo ama-seli esigqila sedental follicle (DFCs), yize indlela okwenzeka ngayo isasemnyameni. Izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zibandakanyeka ekukhuthazeni ukuguga kwama-seli, ezihanjiswa yiprotheni yomjikelezo weseli i-P21 noma iprotheni yomjikelezo weseli i-P16. Kulolu cwaningo, siphenyisise ukuvela kwamaprotheni omjikelezo weseli ku-DFCs ngemva kokukhuthazwa kokuguga kwama-seli. Ukukhuthazwa kokuguga kwama-seli kuqinisekiswe ukwanda kokubonakalisa kwe-尾-galactosidase kanye nesikhathi esandile sokuphindaphinda izigaba (population doubling time) ngemva kokulondolozwa kwama-seli isikhathi eside. Ukuguga kwama-seli kwaqondisa ukuvela kwamaprotheni omjikelezo weseli. Ukuvela kweprotheni yomjikelezo weseli i-P16 kwanyuswa, okuhambisana nokukhuthazwa kwezibonakalisi zokuguga kwama-seli ku-DFCs. Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwama-cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)2 no-4 kanye nokuvela kweprotheni yomjikelezo weseli i-P21 kwancipha ngokulandelana ku-DFCs.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, imininingo yethu ikhombisa ukuthi indlela encike ku-P16 idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukuguguleka kwamaseli ku-DFCs.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-044", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Decitabine (DAC) ne-5-azacitidine kutholakale muva nje ukwelashwa kwesifo se-myelodysplastic syndrome. Imiphumela yeDAC ne-5-azacitidine ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yazo eyaziwayo njengezivimbi ze-DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) idinga ukuphenywa kabanzi. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya umthelela weDAC ekukhiqizweni kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1), ijini elinequkethe ye-CpG eduzane nendawo yayo yokugqugquzela. Ukuhlaziywa kokumethileyithwa kwendawo yokugqugquzela ye-p21(WAF1/CIP1) emasosheni elikemiya kubonise ukungabikho kwemethileyishini ye-CpG. Kodwa-ke, iDAC yenyusa ukukhiqizwa kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1) ngendlela encike enanini (ED(50)=103.34 nM) futhi yabangela ukumiswa kwesikalo sobungako beseli e-G2/M emasosheni elikemiya. Ukusetshenziswa okulandelanayo kweDAC okulandelwa izivimbi ezahlukene ze-histone deacetylase kwabangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1) ngendlela ehlangene. Ukwenyuka kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1) kuhambisane ne-apoptosis ebangelwe yiDAC (ED(50)=153 nM). Amazinga aphansi eDAC abangele ukukhiqizwa kwe-gamma-H2AX (ED(50)=16.5 nM) futhi kwenyuka i-p21(WAF1/CIP1) emasosheni amaHCT 116 omdlavuza wekolon engenhla ngendlela engancikile kwi-DNMT kodwa encike kwi-p53. Ukuvinjwa kokuqhuba kwe-p53 nge-pifithrin-alpha noma umsebenzi we-kinase ye-ATM ngesivimbi se-ATM esiqondile i-KU-5593 noma i-caffeine kwavimba ukwenyuka kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1), okukhombisa ukuthi ukwenyuka kwe-p21(WAF1/CIP1) ngeDAC kwakuncike kwi-p53 ne-ATM emasosheni elikemiya.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengesiphetho, i-DAC yenyusa ama-TGFs beta (WAF1/CIP1) ngendlela engancikile kuma-DNMT ngokusebenzisa umgudu we-DNA damage/ATM/p53.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-045", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-antibacterial peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) ivimba ukukhiqizwa okwenziwa yi-bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Imiphumela yebayokhemikhali ibonisa ukuthi ukuvinjwa kokukhiqizwa kwenzeka ezingeni lokuthathwa kwe-NTP noma ekubophezelweni kwe-NTP yi-RNAP. Imiphumela yejenetiki ibonisa ukuthi ukuvinjwa kokukhiqizwa kudinga isakhiwo esibanzi, esiqukethe ngaphezulu kwamasonto ama-amino acid angama-50, ngaphakathi kwesishoshovu sesibili se-RNAP (futhi esaziwa njengesishoshovu \"sokuthathwa kwe-NTP\" noma \"imbobo\"). Imiphumela yebayofizikhi ibonisa ukuthi ukuvinjwa kokukhiqizwa kuquka ukubopheka kwe-MccJ25 ngaphakathi kwesishoshovu sesibili se-RNAP. Ukumodela kwemolecule kubonisa ukuthi ukubopheka kwe-MccJ25 ngaphakathi kwesishoshovu sesibili se-RNAP kuvimba isishoshovu sesibili se-RNAP.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-MccJ25 ivimba ukwakhiwa kwama-transcription ngokukhinyabeza isiteshi esisekela se-RNAP.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-046", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIglukhosi yomlomo yanconywa njengendlela yokwelapha ubuhlungu ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukudonswa kwegazi egazini ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Akucacile ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kwehlisa yini ukusetshenziswa okwedlulele kwe-oxygen (o(2)), ukulahleka kwamandla, noma ukungastabili kwesistimu yomjikelezo wegazi ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukudonswa kwegazi, futhi nokuthi <2 mL yesisombululo seglukhosi iyasebenza yini. Sihlolile umqondo wokuthi isisombululo seglukhosi somlomo sinciphisa ukwanda kokugwinya kwe-oxygen ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (EE), kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okuhlobene nokudonswa kwegazi emathambo ezilinganiso ezimbili ezahlukene zesisombululo seglukhosi (2 no-0.4 mL). Kulolu cwaningo oluqhubekayo, olungahlelekile, olulawuliwe, olungaziwa kangcono, izingane ezingu-58 ezisanda kuzalwa (ubudala benkaba, 31-42 wamasonto; ubudala ngokuzalwa, 1-7 wezinsuku) zahlukaniswa ngokungahlelekile ku-2 mL iglukhosi 30%, 0.4 mL iglukhosi 30%, noma 2 mL amanzi ngomlomo ngaphambi kokudonswa kwegazi. Izimpendulo zobuhlungu zokuziphatha eziqoshwe ngevidiyo zahlonzwa ngePremature Infant Pain Profile. Isikhathi sokukhala, o(2), EE (indirect calorimetry), kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo zakalwa. Isisombululo seglukhosi sika-2 mL sinciphise isilinganiso sobuhlungu kanye nokukhala ngemuva kokudonswa kwegazi uma kuqhathaniswa nabaqaphi [isilinganiso sobuhlungu esikhathini, 5.5 (ibanga phakathi, 4-9) kuqhathaniswa ne-11 (7-12), p = 0.01; ubude besikhathi sokukhala kokuqala, 0 s (0-43 s) kuqhathaniswa ne-13 s (2-47 s), p < 0.05, ngokufanayo]. Isisombululo seglukhosi sika-0.4 mL sasingenawo umthelela. Isisombululo seglukhosi sika-2 mL asizange sinciphise ukwanda kwe-o(2) ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwegazi (1.5 +/- 0.2 mL/kg min (amanzi) kuqhathaniswa ne-1.7 +/- 0.5 (0.4 mL iglukhosi) kuqhathaniswa ne-1.1 +/- 0.2 (2 mL iglukhosi) (isilinganiso +/- SEM) hayi EE hayi nokushaya kwenhliziyo.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukunikeza ngomlomo u-2 mL weglucose 30% ngaphambi kokuhlaba umthambo kwanciphisa ukuveza izinhlungu nokukhala, kodwa akuvimbelanga ukwenyuka kwe-o(2), i-EE, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-047", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhloso yalolu cwaningo oluhleliwe, olungaboni-lutho olubili, olunemvume ezenzelwe, kunezinto zokuxilonga bekuwukuthola ukuthi iyini imbiza yokwelapha isikhumba etholakala ngaphezu (tetracaine) inikeza ukunciphisa izinhlungu ophathelene nokuhlaba umthambo we-radial. I-tetracaine noma i-placebo gel yasetshenziswa imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kokuhlaba umthambo kubantu ababedluliselwe ukuze kuthathwe igazi lomthambo ngenhloso. Umphumela osemqoka kwakuyimizwa yezinhlungu ehambisana nenqubo okukalwe ngesilinganiso esibukwayo. Iziguli ezingamashumi amahlanu zahlungwa zangena ocwaningweni, ezingama-24 zathola i-tetracaine futhi ezingama-26 zathola i-placebo. Isilinganiso esiphakathi sobuhlungu esilinganiseni esibukwayo sasingu-26.2 +/- 32.6 kwiziguli ezalashwa nge-tetracaine kanye no-23.8 +/- 27.4 kwiziguli ezalashwa nge-placebo (P = 0.78). Isikhathi esiphakathi kusukela ekuhlabeni kokuqala kwesikhumba kuze kube yimpumelelo yokuthola 1 ml yegazi lomthambo kwakungamasekhondi angu-70 +/- 103 eqenjini le-tetracaine kanye namasekhondi angu-49 +/- 48 eqenjini le-placebo (P = 0.40). Ubunzima bokuhlaba umthambo njengoba kuhlolwa umsebenzi wokuphefumula owenza ukuhlola kwakufana emaqenjini womabili (P = 0.86).\n\nHypothesis:\nSifika esiphethweni sokuthi ijeli yezinhlungu ayizange inciphise ukunyakaziswa komtholampilo kwetetracaine ehambisana nokuhlatshwa kwemithambo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuzange kwenze lula inqubo ye-ABG.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-048", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSihlole idexmedetomidine, i-alpha(2) agonist enciphisa inhliziyo yeshubhu, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuqoqeka kwe-norepinephrine plasma, ngokwamandla ayo okunciphisa izimpendulo zokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokuphuma ekwelashelweni ngemva kwezinhlelo ezinkulu zemithambo. Iziguli ezimisiwe ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo zamukele noma idexmedetomidine (n = 22) noma iplasebo (n = 19) nge-IV kuqala imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kokwelapha futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube amahora angu-48 ngemva kokuphela kokuhlinzwa. Zonke iziguli zathola ukulashwa okufanayo. Ishubhu lenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi kwakugcinwa emikhawulweni enqunyiwe ngokushintsha izinga lokulashwa nangokusebenzisa imithi enomthelela kwimithambo. Ishubhu lenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi wemithambo, kanye ne-anesthetic ehogwayo kwahlolwa ngokuqhubekayo; izikali ezingeziwe zifaka i-catecholamines zeplasma kanye nomchamo. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma ekulashelweni, ishubhu lenhliziyo lase liphola nge-dexmedetomidine (73 +/- 11 bpm) kuneplasebo (83 +/- 20 bpm) (P = 0.006), kanti isilinganiso sesikhathi ishubhu lenhliziyo elalingaphakathi kwemikhawulo enqunyiwe yomfutho wegazi sasivame kakhulu nge-dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). Amazinga eplasma e-norepinephrine akhula kuphela eqenjini leplasebo futhi ayephansi kakhulu eqenjini le-dexmedetomidine ngesikhathi esilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa (P = 0.0002).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-dexmedetomidine inciphisa ukwenyuka kwesivinini seshubhu legazi kanye namazinga e-Frago ohlobo lwegazi ngesikhathi sokuvuka emva kokucwila.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-049", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuhlangana emanini ophuzwayo phakathi kwemorphine ye-intrathecal kanye nezidakamizwa zendawo (i-bupivacaine ne-lidocaine) ekuzweni ubuhlungu (isipolo eshisayo sama-degrees angu-52.5 C kanye nokucindezela isandla), ukusebenza kwemisipha, kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokuzenzakalela (umfutho wegazi [BP] nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo [HR]) kuhlolwe ngezilinganiso eziningi ze-morphine kanye nezidakamizwa zendawo. Izilinganiso eziphezulu ze-bupivacaine ye-intrathecal (ama-micrograms angu-75) noma i-lidocaine (ama-micrograms angu-500) zikhiqize ukuvaleka kwemisipha kanye nokwehla komfutho wegazi (ama-micrograms angu-150 e-bupivacaine) okuthathe cishe imizuzu engu-15 nengu-7, ngokulandelana, kanti izilinganiso eziphansi ze-bupivacaine ye-intrathecal (ama-micrograms angu-25) ne-lidocaine (ama-micrograms angu-100) zikhiqize kuphela ukubuthaka kwemisipha okungathathi sikhathi okuthathe imizuzu engu-2 noma ngaphansi. Zizodwa, azikho izinto ezaguqula ukusabela kwesipolo eshisayo noma ukucindezela isandla ngezilinganiso, noma ngezikhathi, lapho lezi zinto azibanga namthelela ekusebenzeni kwemisipha. Ngokuphambene, ezilinganisweni eziphansi zanoma iyiphi isidakamizwa sendawo, emva kokuxazululwa kobuthaka bemisipha okwesikhashana, lezi zilinganiso zaholela ekushintshweni okubalulekile kwesobunxele emkhondweni wokusabela wesilinganiso semorphine ye-intrathecal kokubili isipolo eshisayo nokucindezela isandla, njengoba kukalwe ngomthelela ophelele obekade uhlolwe nangendawo engaphansi kwegrafi yesikhathi-somthelela. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-ED50 ye-morphine (isilinganiso esingu-95% sokuthembeka) se-morphine/saline yayingama-micrograms angu-1.7 (0.7-1.9) kwisipolo eshisayo kanye nama-micrograms angu-1.1 (0.8-1.4) ekucindezeleni isandla uma kuqhathaniswa ne-morphine/bupivacaine (ama-micrograms angu-25): isipolo eshisayo sama-micrograms angu-0.25 (0.21-0.42) nokucindezela isandla kuma-micrograms angu-0.28 (0.2-0.4). I-morphine ye-intrathecal ayibonwanga inomthelela kumiphumela yesilinganiso sencike se-bupivacaine ye-intrathecal ekuvalekeni kwemisipha noma kohlelo lokuzenzakalela. Imiphumela efanayo yabonwa futhi ne-lidocaine (i-bupivacaine yatholakala ingenamthelela obalulekile ekuhlanzekeni kwe-morphine yomgogodla womgogodla).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi amazinga aphansi e-intrathecal lidocaine ne-bupivacaine, okuthi uma esetshenziswa wodwa awakwazi ukwelapha ubuhlungu, ngesikhathi lapho ukusebenza kwemisipha kungathikamezekile ngokucacile, akwazi ukukhulisa ngokubalulekile ukusebenza kokulawula ubuhlungu kwe-intrathecal morphine ezivivinyweni zepuleti elishisayo nezingcindezi ezinyaweni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-050", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nEsifundweni esivalelwe ngokuphelele ngokungakhethi, sicwaninge ukuthi ukulashwa ngaphambilini ngezinani ezincane ze-midazolam, okunikezwe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-anaesthesia nge-fentanyl, kunamthelela ekuveleni kokoma kwesifuba okubangelwa yi-fentanyl (FITR). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthelela wokoma ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo nezokuphefumula uhlolwe. Iziguli eziyishumi nesithupha ezithola ukuhlinzwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo zahlukaniswe ngamaqoqo amabili. Iqoqo le-midazolam (M) lithole 0.075 mg/kg ye-midazolam i.v. futhi iqoqo le-placebo (P) lithole i-NaCl 0.9% emizuzwini emi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kokufakwa kwe-fentanyl. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, i-FITR ihlolwe ngokwezokwelapha ngesikali sezinga-3. Izibalo zokusebenza kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula ziqoqwe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-anaesthesia, ekupheleni kokujova i-fentanyl futhi emizuzwini emi-3 ngemva kokufaka ithubhu. Izinga le-FITR libiliphezulu kumaqoqo womabili: 63% eQoqweni M futhi 75% eQoqweni P (n.s.); kodwa-ke, ubunzima bayo bebuncane eQoqweni M. Ukuvela kokoma kube nomthelela ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo nezokuphefumula: ingcindezi yemithambo ephakathi namafindo emithambo yesikelo enogazi engakulungelwe bakhombise ukukhuphuka okukhulu ezigulini ezine-FITR kushayelwa ukugcinwa kwe-CO2, ngenxa yokungenako ukuphefumulisa ngokwanele lezi ziguli.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi amazinga amancane e-midazolam awavimbeli, kodwa anganciphisa, i-FITR nokuthi ukubonakala kokuqina kubangela izinguquko kumavariabuli emithambo yegazi kanye nokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwemithambo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-051", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isithumba sesibindi esingahlinzeki ngendlela encane yokungena emzimbeni. Imiphumela yokumelana kwamasosha omzimba nge-RFA ingadlala indima ekulawuleni isithumba esiboniwe. Ocwaningweni lwethu, i-VX2 carcinoma yafakelwa esibindini sezimpungushe. Emva kwamaviki ama-3, izithumba zelashwa nge-RFA noma zashiywa zingalashiwe. Amasosha egazi asemithanjeni (peripheral blood lymphocytes) aqoqwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwesithumba, emva kwamaviki ama-2 ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye njalo ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2. Amaseli e-T akhuthazwa ngamalayithesi (lysates) esithumba noma isibindi esingenaso isithumba afakwe kumaseli aziveza wona (autologous antigen-presenting cells) futhi izinga lawo lokukhuthazeka lalilinganiswa ngokufakwa kwe-[(3)H]thymidine. Ukwanda okungu-3 ngaphezu kwesizinda noma ukulawula kwathathwa njengokubalulekile. Ukukhuthazwa nge-phytohemagglutinin kwasetshenziswa njengolawuli oluqinisekile. Izilwane zahlolwa, kanye nesibindi nensilela yesithumba zahlaziywa ngokwendlela yokuqaqwa kwensilela (immunohistologically) ukuze kubhekwe ukungena kwamaseli e-T. Amaseli e-T ezilwane ezinezithumba (n = 9) kanye nalezo ezelashwe nge-RFA (n = 11) aphenyelwa kulandelelwa. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokulandelela ngemva kokuhlinzwa sasingamalanga angu-45. Zonke lezi zilwane eziyi-11 ezelashwe nge-RFA zakhombisa amaseli e-T ahamba egazini akhuthazwe ngokuqondile ngamakhemikhali esithumba esikhathini sonke sokuphenywa, okwakuphelezelwa ukungena okuningi kwamaseli e-T. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaseli e-T ezimpungushe ezinezithumba ezingalashiwe awakhonjisanga mpendulo futhi kukhona ukungena okuncane kwamaseli e-T.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethe ngokuthi i-RFA ikhuthaza imisebe yamaseli-T aqondene nemdlavuza kumguli omdlavuza owaphatha ongazange abe nokuphendula kwemvelo, okubonakala kunqoba ukubekezela kwamasotsha omzimba bese kuholela ekuvezweni kwezidalwa zomdlavuza ebebezifihliwe.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-052", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImiphumela yokuvimba in vitro ye-gemfibrozil ku-cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 (i-phenacetin O-deethylation), CYP2A6 (i-coumarin 7-hydroxylation), CYP2C9 (i-tolbutamide hydroxylation), CYP2C19 (i-S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (i-dextromethorphan O-deethylation), CYP2E1 (i-chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation), kanye ne-CYP3A4 (i-midazolam 1'-hydroxylation) imisebenzi ihlolwe kusetshenziswa i-pooled human liver microsomes. Ukuphazamisana kwemithi in vivo ye-gemfibrozil kwaqagelelwa in vitro kusetshenziswa amanani [I]/([I] + K(i)). I-Gemfibrozil yavimba kakhulu futhi ngokuncintisana umsebenzi we-CYP2C9, ngenani le-K(i) (IC(50)) elingu 5.8 (9.6) microM. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gemfibrozil yabonisa imiphumela encane kakhulu yokuvimba imisebenzi ye-CYP2C19 ne-CYP1A2, ngamanani e-K(i) (IC(50)) angu 24 (47) microM kanye nangu 82 (136) microM, ngokulandelana. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinga elifikelela ku-250 microM, i-gemfibrozil ayizange ibonise umthelela obonakalayo ku-CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, kanye nemisebenzi ye-CYP3A4. Kusekelwe kumanani [I]/([I] + K(i)) abalwe kusetshenziswa izinga eliphezulu likagesi leplasma le-gemfibrozil (noma engaboshiwe), ukuncishiswa kwe-96% (56%), 86% (24%), kanye ne-64% (8%) wokususwa kwe-CYP2C9, CYP2C19, kanye nama-substrate e-CYP1A2 kungalindelwa, ngokulandelana.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, i-CYP2C9 ivimba ukusebenza kwe-gemfibrozil emazingeni afanele ngokwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, futhi lena iyona ndlela engahle i-CYP2C9 ixhumane ngayo nemithi eyisibhoco se-gemfibrozil, njenge-warfarin kanye ne-glyburide.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-053", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Tofisopam iyisikhululi sokwesaba seqembu le-BZD, ngokomkhakha i-1(3-4 dimethoxyphenyl)-4methyl-5-ethyl-7,8 dimethoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine. I-TZP ihlukile ema-1,4-benzodiazepines ejwayelekile mayelana nendawo yama-athomu e-nitrogen. Kuye kwabikwa izigameko ezintathu lapho i-tofisopam yandisa izinga legazi lesishayeli sesivikela-mzimba okwakholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamakhemikhali okwadingekalayo ukuthi kuncishiswe isikali samaphilisi noma ukumiswa kokwelashwa nge-tofisopam. Isishayeli sesivikela-mzimba esingenisiwe singongqo we-CYP3A4, ngakho-ke umthelela we-tofisopam ku-enzyme ye-CYP3A4 uphenyw茅 ngokusebenzisa i-human recombinant CYP3A4 supersome. I-Benzyoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (BFC) yasetshenziswa njengongqo. I-Tofisopam kumakonsentreshini angu-0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 no-5 micromol/l ivimbele ukusebenza kwe-enzyme ngokuya ngesikali. Amazinga okuvimbela umsebenzi ayengu-4%, 29%, 40%, 56%, 61% no-94%, ngokulandelana, kanti i-IC50 yayingu-0.8 micromol/l. I-IC50 yento elawulayo epozithivu i-ketoconazole yayingu-0.03 micromol/l. Ekuhlolweni kwe-in vitro, umphumela wokuvimbela we-tofisopam wawuphansi kunalowo we-ketoconazole (isivimbeli se-CYP3A4 esinamandla) ngobungako.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokusukela emiphumeleni ye-in vitro kungaphetha ngokuthi i-tofisopam iyisinqandi se-CYP3A4 kodwa ukucacisa ukubaluleka kwakho kwezokwelapha kudingeka eminye imininingwane yabantu yokwelapha.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-054", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKulolu cwaningo sihlole imiphumela ye-24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [24R,25(OH)(2)D(3)] ekubangeleni i-N,N'-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) emdlavuzeni wasekhononeni wamagundane. Ezingcwaningweni 1 no-2, amagundane angu-50 ezinsilisa zeF344, anamasonto ayisithupha obudala, ahlukaniswa amaqembu amahlanu kulo nalolo cwaningo. Izilwane zanikwa imijovo ye-DMH eyayifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba kanye ngesonto isikhathi esingamaviki amane. Lawo aqenjini 1-5 anikwa i-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) ekudleni (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 noma 0 p.p.m., ngokulandelana) ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala esibizwa nge-post-initiation stage engcwaningweni 1 futhi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqalisa engcwaningweni 2. Ekupheleni, inani le-aberrant crypt foci (ACF) esikhumba somgudu wokuzikhulula samagundane lancipha ngokuncika esikalini kulawo magundane ayethole i-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) ngesikhathi sesigaba se-post-initiation, kodwa hhayi esigabeni sokuqala. Engcwaningweni 3, amagundane angu-15 ezinsilisa, anamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye obudala, ahlukaniswa amaqembu amathathu futhi anikwa i-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) ekudleni (10, 5 noma 0 p.p.m.). Izilwane zanikwa umjovo we-5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) emzimbeni ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokufa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA esikhumba somgudu wokuzikhulula. I-BrdU labeling indices yancipha ngokuya ngesikali kumagudu amatumbu amancane amagundane elashelwe nge-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3). Engcwaningweni 4, sisebenzisa indlela ye-multicarcinogenic sasikwazi ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwethu kungesikho nje kuphela elinye izitho, kodwa ezingeni lomzimba wonke. Amagundane angu-68 ezinsilisa, anamasonto ayisithupha obudala, alashelwa nge-DMH, i-N-methylnitrosourea, i-2,2'-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine, i-diethylnitrosamine ne-N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine emavikini 1-4 base enikwa i-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) ekudleni (5, 1 noma 0 p.p.m.) kuwo wonke amaviki 5-30. Ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka kwamathumba nezinto ezandulela amathumba ezithweni ezahlukene kwaveza ukuthi i-24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) yamisa ukuthuthuka kwamathumba asekhononeni kakhulu kodwa ayizange ibe nemiphumela ekuthuthukisweni kwamathumba kwezinye izitho.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, lemiphumela ikhombisa ngokuqinile ukuthi i-24R,25(Umdlavuza Wesisu)(2)D(3) ivimba umdlavuza wombhobho wokuzikhulula ngokuqondile, ngaphandle kokwenza umdlavuza kwezinye izitho umkhulu, uma kusetshenziswa esigabeni sasemva kokuqala.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-055", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Hepatocarcinogenesis iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olubandakanya izinto eziningi lapho ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kwesibindi kudlala indima enkulu. Nakuba ukugcwala kwamasosha omzimba kubonakala ohlelweni lwe-hepatocarcinogenesis eyenziwa yizinto zamakhemikhali, indima ye-pathophysiological yomzwa wokulwa nokugula ayichazwa kahle. Ukusondela kulo mbuzo, imizwa yamakhemikhali namaseli yalandelwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwamadlala esibindi ezimpukwini ebezithunyelwe kumakhemikhali aholela kukansa yesibindi, i-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), emanzini okuphuza (50 microg/l). Ukuvezwa kwe-mRNA ye-intrahepatic type I ne-type II interferon (IFN-beta ne-IFN-gamma, ngokulandelana) kwatholakala ukuthi kukhuthazwe izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvela kwekansa yesibindi. Ukubaluleka kwe-pathogenetic kwa-IFNs kunqunywe ngokuqapha ukuthuthuka kwedlala ezimpukwini ezingenayo ngokwemvelo i-IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR KO) noma i-IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR KO). Izimpuku ze-IFN-gammaR KO zathuthukisa amadlala ambalwa kunezimpuku ze-IFN-alpha/betaR KO neze-wild-type (wt), nakuba ubukhulu bukamdlala bungazange buhluke kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintathu. Okubalulekile, izifundo ze-immunohistochemical zakhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso samasosha omzimba ahambisana nengcindezi/i-macrophages emasosheni omzimba angenayo sehla kakhulu ezibindini zezimpuku ze-IFN-gammaR KO, okuhambisana namaqiniso okuthi ukuvezwa kwe-intrahepatic cytokine kwancipha futhi umonakalo we-oxidative DNA wabangelwa ngokuncane.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengomphetho, i-type II IFN, kodwa hhayi i-type I IFNs, kungenzeka ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile esigabeni sokuqala, kodwa hhayi esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa, se-DEN -enziwe i-hepatocarcinogenesis ngokuqinisa ukuvuseleleka kwama-monocytes/macrophages kanye nokulimala kwe-DNA kwama-hepatocyte ekugcineni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-056", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImiphumela yeminyaka esisetshenziswe ngayo i-palmitic acid yokudla noma ingxube engu-50/50 ye-palmitic ne-oleic acid ezingeni lokufakwa elingu-8% ngaphandle noma ngokukhona kwe-.2% ye-cholic acid kanye nangobukhona be-calcium ephansi (.8%) noma ephakeme (1.2%) iphenywe kusetshenziswa amachwane enkukhu kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-56 ubudala. Ukusebenzisana okubalulekile (P engaphansi kuka .01) kubonakele phakathi kwamahlobo e-fatty acid esekelwe nokukhona noma ukungabikho kwe-cholic acid ekukhuphukeni kwesisindo nokusebenza kwezokudla. Ukwengeza amadayethi ngengxube yamasisindo alinganayo e-palmitic ne-oleic acid, kunciphise ukudla uma kuqhathaniswa ne-control diets namadayethi angeziwe nge-palmitic acid yodwa. Bekunokuhlangana phakathi kweminyaka yenyoni nohlobo lwe-fatty acid esekelwe ekunqandeni kwamafutha ne-metabolizable energy (ME) yamadayethi (P engaphansi kuka .01). Bekunokuhlangana okubalulekile phakathi kohlobo lwe-fatty acid esekelwe nokwengezwa kwe-cholic acid ekunqandeni kwamafutha ne-ME yamadayethi. Lapho i-cholic acid inciphisa ukwakheka kwensipho ngesikhathi senqubo yokungcola (P engaphansi kuka .05), ukukhulisa izinga le-calcium yokudla kwandisa isilinganiso samafutha ama-digesta akhona njengensipho (P engaphansi kuka .01). Isilinganiso sama-digesta namafutha e-excreta, akhona njengensipho, ancike ohlobeni lwe-fatty acid esekelwe. Ukwengezwa kwe-free fatty acids kumadayethi enkukhu kuholele ekuncipheni kwama-bone ash ne-bone calcium content uma kuqhathaniswa naleyonyoni eyondliwe ngedayethi ye-control.\n\nHypothesis:\nKunqunywe ukuthi ikhono lamabroilers lokusetshenziswa kwawo kwama-free fatty acids kudipende eminyakeni yobudala anikwa ngayo ukudla, yize kuzo zonke izimo ukwenezelwa kwe-cholic acid kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-fatty acid.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-057", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola ukubaluleka okukhona kwe-calcitonin (CALC) ekuqaleni kwe-subclinical hypocalcemia (ucwaningo 1) kanye nezindlela zomzimba ezisiza ukuvimbela i-bovine hypocalcemia ngaphansi kwe-metabolic acidosis (ucwaningo 2 no 3). Ocwaningweni 1, izinkomo ezingu-15 ze-Holstein ezingenwe yi-subclinical hypocalcemia ngokwemvelo ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-5 ngemuva kokubeletha zahlungwa njenge-low subclinical hypocalcemia (LSH) lapho amazinga e-Ca egazini ayephakathi kuka-7.5 no-8.5mg/dL, noma njenge-high subclinical hypocalcemia (HSH) lapho amazinga e-Ca egazini ayephakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.6 mg/dL. Amasampula egazi athathwa nsuku zonke kusukela osukwini -5 kuya ku-5 mayelana nokubelethwa ukuthola amazinga e-parathyroid hormone (PTH), i-CALC, kanye ne-1,25(OH)2D3. Ocwaningweni 2, amabhululu angu-24 e-Holstein (anobunzima bomzimba angu-497 ± 69 kg kanye neminyaka engu-342 ± 10.5) abelwa ukwelashwa okubili (i-metabolic acidosis noma i-control). I-metabolic acidosis yaphehliselwa ngokunikeza ngomlomo i-ammonium chloride (2.5 mEq/d) ezinsukwini ezingu-10, futhi izilwane zabulawa ngemuva kwalokho. Amasampula egazi aqoqwa ngaphambi kokubulawa ukuthola i-CALC, i-PTH, i-1,25(OH)2D3, kanye namasampula omchamo, izinso, izindlala ze-parathyroid nezo-thyroid atholakala ngokukhulu ukushesha ngemuva kokubulawa ukuze kuthathwe izinga lokusebenza kwamagjini ahlukene kulama-tissue. Okokugcina, ocwaningweni 3, sahlola umsebenzi we-CALC ngaphansi kwe-metabolic acidosis ngokwenziwa esitsheni (T47D) somdlavuza webele. Yize i-PTH yavela ibamba kahulu ku-HSH kunakunaku-LSH, amazinga e-1,25(OH)2D3 ayephansi ezinkomeni ze-HSH (ucwaningo 1). Amazinga e-CALC egazini awazange aphazamiseke ukuthatha ngokusinda kwe-subclinical hypocalcemia, kodwa ayekhetheka ngezinsuku kusukela ekubeletheni (ucwaningo 1). Igjini ye-PTH receptor (PTHR) ezinsweni yakhula ngaphansi kwe-metabolic acidosis (ucwaningo 2). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi we-CALC waphazamiseka ngaphansi kwe-acidic blood pH (ucwaningo 3).\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukwenyuka kwe-CALC ezinkomeni ze-HSH ngemuva kokukhipha kwezenze ukuthi kungalungi umthamo we-Ca egazini ngoba impendulo ye-PTHR ayizange yanele ukusebenzisa i-1,25(Amahlaba angaphakathi kwemedula)2D3 futhi ihlangabezane nomthelela we-CALC.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-058", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Vanadium esimweni se-metavanadate (VO3-) ingumvimbi onamandla we-Na+, K+-ATPase. Ngenxa yokufana phakathi kwama-oxy anions e-vanadium ne-phosphorus, kwakubalulekile ukubona ukuthi i-Al(OH)3 ingakuvimba yini ukumunca kwe-vanadium emathunjini, njengoba ikwenza kwi-phosphorus. I-VO3- yabopha ngokuphelele kuspenshini ye-Al(OH)3 ku-pH 5-8. Amagundane ase-Sprague-Dawley (180-300 g) alitshiswa ukudla ebusuku futhi anikwa ngokuphoqelela 5 mumol Na3 VO4 ku-1.0 ml 0.9% NaCl equkethe 1 microCi 48V. Izilwane zokuqapha (n = 12) zathola ngesikhathi esifanayo 1.0 ml yenhlama futhi izilwane zokulinga (n = 12) zathola 1 ml Al(OH))3. Inhlama ne-Al(OH)3 kwabe sekunikwa nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-4. Umchamo namasimba aqoqwa ngokuhlukana nsuku zonke. Ezilwaneni zokuqapha ukubuyiselwa kwe-48V okuphelele (kuma-stool nasemchameni) esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingu-4 kwakungamaphesenti angu-86.6 +/- 2.4% yedozi eyanikezwa. Noma i-Al(OH)3 yenyusa kancane ukubuyiselwa kwe-48V okuphelele (93.6 +/- 3.2%), yenyusa kakhulu ukuphuma kwe-48V emasismbeni uma kuqhathaniswa nasemchameni (isibonelo: amasimba, 69.1 +/- 1.8%; umchamo, 12.5 +/- 1.3%; i-Al(OH)3: amasimba, 85.7 +/- 1.5%; umchamo, 7.9 +/- 1.8%). Izilwane zabese zibulawa futhi ukuthathwa kwe-tracer emzimbeni kwakalwa. Indlela ye-48V engakakhishwa emzimbeni yawo womabili amaqembu yayimi kanje: izinso > amathambo > isibindi > amathumbu > imisipha, kodwa amazinga emzimbeni ayephezulu ngokulinganayo kwabaqaphayo kunasezilwaneni ezilashwe nge-Al(OH)3. Ikhono le-Al(OH)3 lokususa i-VO3- yangaphakathi yacutshungulwa futhi. I-48V yajovwa kwi-ip (n = 20). Uhhafu wezilwane wathola inhlama kanti uhhafu wathola 1.0 ml ye-Al(OH)3 ngokuphoqelelwa nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-4. Kwakungekho mehluko endleleni yokukhishwa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-48V emzimbeni.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuphethwe ngokuthi i-Al (OH)3 ingavimbela ukuqoqeka kwe-VO3- emzimbeni okusuka ekudleni ngokunciphisa ukumunca kwe-VO3- emathunjini.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-059", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzifundo zezinga lokusebenza komzimba kanye nokwanda kwezifo zinikeza ubufakazi obukhulu bokuthi ukuthatha i-calcium kunokuvikela ukuvela komdlavuza wesinambuthi esikhulu (CRC). Yize lobudlelwano abufakazelwanga ngokuhlolwa okwendlalekile nezilawuliwe (ama-RCTs) ezifushane ze-CRC, ukuhlolwa kubonisa inzuzo kuma-adenomas, okuyizinto ezingaholela kwi-CRC. Ukubhekana nokunye kwalokhu kokuphambana, senze izinhlalakahle zokuphendula zedoze ngemithombo yokuthatha i-calcium, kusekelwe ezifundweni zokubukela esezilungiselwe kuze kube ngoDisemba 2013 ezaziwa ku-PubMed, i-Embase, kanye ne-BIOSIS. Izinga lokuphepha elifingqiwe (ama-RRs) kanye nezigaba zokuzethemba ezingu-95% (ama-CIs) abalulwe kusetshenziswa imodeli yokuhlunga okungahleliwe. Mayelana nokuthatha i-calcium okuphelele, ukukhuphuka kwama-300 mg/day ngakunye kuhlotshaniswa nengcuphe enciphiswe cishe ngo-8% ye-CRC (isifingqo se-RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.89-0.95, I(2) = 47%, izifundo ezingu-15 ezinama-caseama-12,305, ukuthatha = 250-1,900 mg/day, ukulandelela = 3.3-16 iminyaka). Ngenkathi ingcuphe yehlile kancane esikalini esiphezulu sokuthatha i-calcium ephelele (P(non-linearity) = 0.04), izinga lokugoba lalibuthaka kanti ukubaluleka kwe-statistiki yokungabi ilinearity kwakuzwela kusifundo esisodwa. Mayelana ne-calcium yezokwelekelela, ukukhuphuka kwama-300 mg/day ngakunye kuhlotshaniswa nengcuphe enciphiswe cishe ngo-9% ye-CRC (isifingqo se-RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.98, I(2) = 67%, izifundo eziyisithupha ezinama-case angu-8,839, ukuthatha = 0-1,150 mg/day, ukulandelela = 5-10 iminyaka). Ukuhlolwa kwe-non-linearity akubanga nokubaluleka kwezibalo (P(non-linearity) = 0.11).\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokuphetha, kokubili ukudla okunokalshiyamu kanye nezithasiselo zokalshiyamu kungaqhubeka kunciphise ingozi ye-CRC ngaphezu kuka-1,000 mg/ngosuku.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-060", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-methane ezilwaneni ezihlafunayo sekube yinjongo ebalulekile eminyakeni eminingi edlule. I-lauric acid engakhululekile, eyaziwa ngokucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane esiswini, ayinambitheki kahle; ngakho-ke, kulolu cwaningo inhloso kwakuwukuhlola ukusebenza kokunciphisa kwesimo sayo esi-esterified (i-monolaurin). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuningi be-13C-isotope (delta13C) kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-13C-12C ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-methane nokugayeka kwakubekiwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukukhethwa kwe-C-isotope okungenzeka kwimicrobia. Kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa isisu, ukudla okune okubalulekile, okuvame ukuchazwa ngezitshalo ze-C3 utshani (ihay) nengqoloyi (izikhwebu nezinhlamvu), noma isitshalo se-C4 (i-13C ethe xaxa uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ze-C3) ummbila (izikhwebu nezinhlamvu), kanye nokuxutshwa kwalezi zitshalo ezimbili, kwafakwa ne-monolaurin (50 g/kg yokudla okomile). Uma ifakwa ehay, i-monolaurin ayizange ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-methane. Uma ifakwa kokudla okunye (P < 0.05 kokususelwe kwingqoloyi) ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane kwehla. I-monolaurin yehlisa ukushabalala kwamafayibha (umphumela omncane kudayethi ye-hay), isilinganiso se-acetate:propionate, kanye nenani lamaprotozoa. Imisalela yokudla ne-SCFA yabonisa i-delta13C efanayo nokudla. I-Methane yayingavundile nge-13C kanti i-CO2 yayivundile nge-13C uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla. Ukwengezwa kwe-monolaurin kwaholela ekungavundisweni kwe-13C kwi-CO2 kanye nokuvundiswa kwi-CH4 (okwesibili kuphela ekudleni ikhwani).\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, i-monolaurin yabonakala iphumelela ekunciphiseni i-methanogenesis emidleni yotshani nohlamvu yize lokhu kungachazwa ngokuyingxenye ukunciphisa okuhambelanayo kokunyamalala kwamafayibha.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-061", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSihlole ikhono likasucralfate ukuvikela isilonda senyongo esibangwa izivuseleli kwimpuku. USucralfate wanikezwa ngomlomo ngemithi engama-50 mg, i-100 mg noma i-200 mg ngaphambi kanye nasemuva kwamahora ama-3 nama-6 emva kokuqala ukujova okuqhubekayo kwamahora angama-24 kwephentagastrin nebethanechol. Izilwane zabulewe emva kwamahora angama-24 futhi inani nobunzima besilonda babalwa. Izilonda zakheka kuzo zonke izimpuku eziyisi-9 zokuhlola, kwezingu-8 kweziyisi-9 ezasebenzisa i-50 mg, kwezingu-4 kweziyisi-9 ezasebenzisa i-100 mg, futhi kweyodwa kuphela kweziyisi-9 ezasebenzisa i-200 mg kasucralfate.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-tubastatin A ivimba ukubunjwa kwezilonda zaseduodenamu ezidalwa yi-secretagogue emagundaneni.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-062", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmthelela osivimbayo wokudalulwa kwe-duodenal ku-acid kanye nezixazululo ezine-hyperosmolal ku-pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion kucwaningwe kumagundane aqondile ahlinzekwe nge-chronic gastric fistula kanye neduodenal Thiry-Vella loop. I-loop ibhekene ne-saline, i-HCl noma i-hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol. I-gastric acid secretion ilinganiswe kumasampula avela kwi-gastric fistula. Amazinga e-gut peptide alinganiswe ku-duodenal perfusates aqoqwe njalo emizuzwini engama-30, nakumasampula e-plasma aqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuveza i-acid stimulated kuphela, nasekupheleni kokuvivinywa ngokuhlanganisa nezinselelo ze-luminal loops. Ngesikhathi se-pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, i-luminal perfusion ye-duodenal loop nge-acid yabangela ukuvimbeleka kwe-acid secretion (P < 0.001) kanye nokukhululwa okubalulekile kwe-somatostatin kokubili oluhumeni (P < 0.001) nakwi-circulation (P < 0.05). Futhi, i-neurotensin (P < 0.01) kanye ne-vasoactive intestinal peptide (P < 0.01) zakhululwa oluhumeni, kodwa hhayi kwi-circulation. Ngokugeleza kwe-duodenal loop ne-hyperosmolal polyethylene glycol, ukwakhiwa kwe-acid kuvimbekile (P < 0.05) futhi i-somatostatin yodwa yakhululwa ohlangothini lwe-luminal (P < 0.01).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukufaka i-acid emethweni ophakathi kweduodenal loop kubangela ukuvimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid esiswini eqhutshwa yi-pentagastrin.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-063", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKulolu cwaningo, sihlolisise izinto ezithinta ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo ezigulini ezijwayelekile. I-15-ml bolus ye-0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) yafakwa emgudwini womphimbo, futhi isiguli sasamunya njalo emva kwamasekhondi angu-30. Ukuhlolwa kwe-manometric kanye nokuqapha i-pH kukhombise ukuthi ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo kwenzeka ngoluhlobo olulandelanayo kwe-pH, oluhlangene nokuminya okuholela ekulandelaneni kokunweba kwesiphundu somphimbo. Phakathi kokulungiswa kokunweba kwesiphundu, ukwenyuka kwe-pH kwakuncane. Ukukhuthazwa kwamathe ngozoliso lomlomo kwanciphisa kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo, kanti ukumunca amathe emlonyeni kwavimbela ukwenyuka komkhathi we-pH yomphimbo futhi kwabambezela kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo. Ukufakwa kwesisombululo se-bicarbonate esikhundleni samathe aconsiswe, kwavukuza kabusha imizimba ye-pH yomphimbo futhi kwabuyisela ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo esimweni esijwayelekile, kanti ukufakwa kwamanzi kuphela akuzange kuphumelele ukunyusa ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo. Okufana nomphumela wozoliso lomlomo, i-bethanechol (5 mg ngaphansi kwesikhumba) yaphucuzela ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo, kodwa lolu thuthuko lwaphendulwa ukumunca amathe emlonyeni, okwabambezela kakhulu ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo. Ukushintsha esimweni sokulala uye esimweni sokuhlala kwaba nomthelela omuhle ekunyuseni ukuhlanzeka kwesimuncu esivikela umphimbo, kodwa lolu thuthuko aluzange lube nenqubekela phambili ebalulekile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphothule ukuthi kubantu abajwayelekile (a) ukugwinya kuthatha amathe kuyise esiphinjeni futhi i-peristalsis iyakhulula uketshezi olusesiphinjeni luye esiswini, (b) ukwenza i-asidi ibe nobumnandi ngamathe athwalwa aye esiphinjeni nokuwinya ngakunye kuchaza ukwenzeka kokukhishwa kwe-asidi ngokwenyuka kwe-pH ezingeni, (c) ukuthuthuka ekukhululweni kwe-asidi nge-bethanechol kungenxa yokukhuthazwa kwamathe, futhi (d) umthelela womhlaba awulekeleli kangako ekukhululweni kwe-asidi esiphinjeni uma kukhona amagagasi e-peristaltic ajwayelekile.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-064", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmphumela we-cisapride, iyeza elisha elikhuthaza ukusebenza kwesisu, ekuphumeni kukudla esiswini kanye nokubuyela kwebyela eyiNyongo esiswini besizwa kumavolontiya aphilile ohlobo lokuvivinya olufaka isikhongozo semithi esiyimfihlo kanye nolwenziwa ngokuchitshiyelana. Abantu abangamashumi amabili banikezwa izingcebe ezingu-10 mg ze-cisapride, kathathu ngosuku ngomlomo noma izingcebhe ezifana nezephilebo isikhathi esingeviki. Ngezinsuku zokuhlola, amavolontiya acwaningwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe besaziso ngokufaka ipayipi esiswini bengazidle lutho kanye nangemva kokudla ukudla okuxubile okungamanzi. I-cisapride ayizange ibe nomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwesisu nokuphumeni kokudla esiswini. Kube khona isimo sokwehla kokuphindela kweNyongo ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-cisapride kokubili ngokuzila (0.63 +/- 0.14 maqondana no 0.38 mumol/min +/- 0.05 SEM) kanye nangemva kokudla (2.60 +/- 0.61 maqondana no 1.88 mumol/min +/- 0.33 SEM). Lokhu bekubangelwa ukwehla kwamazinga aphezulu okuphindela kweplasebo: ukuncishiswa kwezinga lokuphindela elifezwe yi-cisapride belikhonjiswa ukuhlobana okubalulekile kuzinga lokuphindela kweplasebo (p ngaphansi kuka 0.001). Ubudlelwano obufanayo batholakala kwizinga leNyongo eyibyela esiswini (p ngaphansi kuka 0.001).\n\nHypothesis:\nKuphethwe ngokuthi i-cisapride inciphisa ukuphindela emuva kwetshwala lenyongo elikhulu.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-065", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuhlola izindlela zemithambo yamanzwe kanye nezinto ezibangela uguquko lwamakhemikhali (humoral pathways) ezibandakanyeka ekumiseni ngokufushane kwe-ileal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) ezingulubeni eziqondile. Indima yokuxhumana kwemithambo yangaphandle ye-ileal yahlolwa ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-SCFA ezingqenjaneni ze-ileal ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi zikaBabkin, futhi ukunyakaza kwesisu kwakalwa ngezikali zokuncindizeleka (strain gauges). Amazinga e-Peptide YY (PYY) ne-glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) ahlolwa kuzo zombili izimo. Ukubandakanyeka okungenzeka kwe-SCFA eyenziwe yafakwa yasebenza yahlolwa ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous infusion ye-acetate. Ukufakwa kwe-SCFA kwi-ileal ethintekile engaphelile kwanciphisa ubukhulu bokushwabana kwe-antral engekho kude nengaphansi (33 +/- 1.2 vs. 49 +/- 1.2% yobukhulu obukhulu obugcinwe ngaphambi kokufakwa) futhi kwandisa imvamisa yawo (1.5 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.10/min). Imiphumela efanayo yabonwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-SCFA ezingqenjaneni ze-ileal ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi (ubukhulu, 35 +/- 1.0 kanye no-34 +/- 0.8 vs. 47 +/- 1.3 kanye no-43 +/- 1.2%; imvamisa, 1.4 +/- 0.07 kanye no-1.6 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.14 kanye no-1.0 +/- 0.12/min). I-intravenous acetate ayishintshanga ubukhulu nemvamisa yokushwabana kwe-antral. Amazinga e-PYY kodwa hhayi e-GLP-1 akhuliswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-SCFA ezingqenjaneni ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ileal innervation engaphandle imelela ukumiswa kwe-SCFA kokunyakaza kwesisu.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-066", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKuvumelekile ngokujwayelekile ukuthi ukukhululwa kwe-Ca(2+) okubangelwa yi-Ca(2+) ekhishwa yishanel ye-L-type Ca(2+) (i-CICR) yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana kokucwaseka-nokuhosha (i-E-C coupling) enhliziyweni ephucuzekile yezilwane ezinemifundhiso, futhi akukho CICR ephawulekayo ezinganeni ezisandakuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, sibonile ukuthi ukuhosha kwamaseli enhliziyweni yezingane ezisandakuzalwa kwehliseka kakhulu emva kokukhululwa kwe-Ca(2+) ye-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ngokusebenzisa i-caffeine. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifundo sicwaninge izinguquko zentuthuko ye-CICR kumaseli e-ventricular ezimpungushe ezinsukwini ezingu-3, 10, 20, no-56 zobudala. Sithole ukuthi umthelela ovimbelayo we-L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) inhibitor i-nifedipine (Nif; 15 microM) udale ukwehla okukhulu kwama-Ca(2+) transients uma kukhishwa ugesi kuqembu lobudala obudala [kusukela kumaphesenti angu-15 kumaseli ansuku-3 (3d) kuya kumaphesenti angu-90 kumaseli ansuku-56 (56d)]. I-Ca(2+) transient esele ekhona uma kukhona i-Nif emaqenjini asemusha ivinjelwe ukuvimbela kwe-Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) ngokungeza i-10 microM KB-R7943 (KB-R). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Ca(2+) transients anciphe kakhulu ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-SR Ca(2+) nge-caffeine kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka, yize umthelela wawumkhulu kakhulu emaqenjini amadala (kusukela kumaphesenti angu-40 kumaseli ansuku-3 kuya kumaphesenti angu-70 kumaseli ansuku-56). Lesi sikhuliso se-Ca(2+) esiveza i-SR Ca(2+) esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka sasingezweli ku-Nif kodwa sasizwela ekungezeni kwe-KB-R, okukhombisa ukuba khona kwe-CICR encike ku-NCX eyancipha kakhulu neminyaka (kusukela kumaphesenti angu-37 kumaseli ansuku-3 kuya kumaphesenti angu-0.5 kumaseli ansuku-56). Ngokuphambene, i-CICR encike ku-I(Ca) yanda kakhulu neminyaka (kusukela kumaphesenti angu-10 kumaseli ansuku-3 kuya kumaphesenti angu-70 kumaseli ansuku-56). Inzuzo ye-CICR njengoba kulinganiswa ngokuhlanganisa i-CICR Ca(2+) transient ihlukaniswe ngokuhlanganisa isikhulisi sayo i-Ca(2+) transient trigger yayincane uma yenziwa yi-NCX (cishe 1.0 kumaseli ansuku-3) kunangokwenziwa yi-I(Ca) (cishe 3.0 kumaseli ansuku-56).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-CICR enokusebenza okuphansi ehlangene ne-NCX iyindlela engamele ye-CICR ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka okwenzeka kancane kancane kwehla njengoba i-CICR esebenzi kahle ehlanganiswa nesiteshi se-L-type Ca(3+) ikhula ngokubaluleka ngokuya ngezemvelo yempilo.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-067", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-GS-458967, i-6-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (GS967) iyinto echazwe kamuva, entsha, enqanda iziteshi zesodiyamu ebonisa imiphumela enamandla elwa nokungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo kumamodeli ahlukene e-in vitro ne-in vivo. Indlela yokulwa nokungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo ibekwe ekuvalweni okukhethekile kokugeleza kwesodiyamu okwemuva. Kodwa-ke, akukaze kube nokuphenya okuhlelelekile okubikiwe kwemiphumela yalesi sixubho kuziteshi zesodiyamu ezihlukanisiwe. Lapha, sicwaninge imiphumela ye-GS967 ekugelezeni kwesodiyamu okuphezulu (INaP) nasekugelezeni kwesodiyamu okwemuva (INaL) okuqoshwe kumaseli aveza ngokungafani iziteshi ezilawulwa yivolthi zesodiyamu yenhliziyo yabantu, okuyisiteshi esisemqoka sesodiyamu enhliziyweni. Njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambili, siqaphele ukuthi i-GS967 yenza ukuvinjelwa okusebenzayo kwe-INaL (63%) ngendlela ebalulekile kakhulu kunakuphezulu INaP (19%). Kodwa-ke, i-GS967 yabangela futhi ukuncipha kwe-INaP ngendlela eyencike ekuvameni, okuhambisana nokuvinjelwa okuncike ekusetshenzisweni (UDB). I-GS967 yaveza i-UDB enamandla kakhulu ye-INaP (IC50 = 0.07 碌M) kunokukhishwa kwe-ranolazine (16 碌M) ne-lidocaine (17 碌M). Ukuvinjelwa okuncike ekusetshenzisweni kuchazwe kahle ngokuphoqoza okubalulekile kokubuyela ekushesheni nasekungasebenzini kancane kanye nokwenza okubalulekile kokungasebenzi kahle kancane uma kukhona i-GS967. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GS967 yatholakala ukuthi yenza yona leyo miphumela kumushini wokuhlukanisa (mutation) oyisibonelo omude we-QT syndrome (delKPQ). Umushini wokuhlukanisa ohlelelwe endaweni yokuhlangana yezinto zokudambisa ubuhlungu zendawo (F1760A) wanciphisa kancane umphumela we-GS967 ku-UDB, kodwa awuzange ube nomphumela ekuvinjelweni okusebenzayo kwe-INaL.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-GS967 ingivimbeli enekhethelo ye-INaL, kodwa iphinde ibe nemiphumela enamandla ebingazange ibikwe ngaphambilini ekuvaleleni okuhambayo nokusinda ekuvalelweni, okuholela ekuvimbeleni okukhulu kwe-UDB okungenakuncika ngokuphelele esizindeni sokusebenzisana esaziwa sezivimbeli zezindawo eziqhumayo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-068", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSisebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokubamba iseli lonke ukuze sifunde ukuphuma kwamakhadi okuthatha isikhashana emasosheni anhliziyo omvundla. Umsinga omkhulu wesikhashana, i-IA, wavinjelwa yi-4-aminopyridine (4AP) kanye/noma ngokubamba amandla okudonsa. Ngemva kokuvinjelwa kwe-IA, umsinga omncane wesikhashana wasala. Wavinjelwa ngokuphelele yi-nisoldipine, i-cadmium, i-ryanodine, noma i-caffeine, okubonisa ukuthi wonke umsinga ongavinjwa i-4AP uqalwa ukuguquka kwegesi i-calcium okwenza ukuhosha. Awekho amandla kagezi avuswa i-calcium ephuma kuma-potassium noma amandla kagezi avuswa yi-calcium avela ezinhlobeni ezithile ezingasetshenziswa ukuphehla umsinga ovinjwe i-4AP. Umsinga wesikhashana wanyamalala uma i-ECl yenziwa yalingana namandla okushaya; wawukhona ezisakazweni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezingenayo i-potassium. Wavinjelwa ngezivimbo zokuhamba kwe-anion okuyizibili i-SITS ne-DIDS, futhi indawo yokuhlehlela yokuhlobana kwamandla kagezi angaphakathi namandla kagezi angaphandle yayiguquka ne-chloride yangaphandle njengoba kuqagulwe kwi-conductance ekhetheka yi-chloride kuphela.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-calcium transient ebangela ukusontelana emasosheni e-atrial kawundlu ivula i-conductance ekhethayo ye-chloride nokuthi le-conductance inikela ku-4AP-resistant transient current.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-069", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkukhanya kwe-Phospholemman (PLM) kwakhuliswa ezinhliziyweni zamagundane ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (MI). Ukukhulisa kwe-PLM kumacellana wenhliziyo esevuthiwe kagundane kwangcolisa ukusebenza kokuhwebeshana kanye nokugcinwa kokuhlala kwe-Ca(2+) yasesithonjeni ([Ca(2+)](i)) ngendlela efana nalokho okubonwe emacellana ngemuva kwe-MI. Kulolu cwaningo, sahlola ukuthi ukwehla kwe-PLM emacellana anhliziyo kagundane kwenza ushintsho ekubambekeni kanye nomgudumela we-[Ca(2+)](i) ephambene nalokho okubonwe emacellana ngemuva kwe-MI. Uma kuqhathaniswa namacellana alawulwayo athelelwe iadenovirus (Adv) ekhiqiza kuphela i-green fluorescent protein (GFP), amacellana athelelwe iadenovirus ekhiqiza kokubili i-GFP nesimelane se-PLM kagundane (rASPLM) anama-23% amancane eprotheni ye-PLM (P < 0.012) ezinsukwini ezingu-3, kodwa akukho mehluko otholakele emazingeni e-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase, i-Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1), i-Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, kanye ne-calsequestrin. Ukugwinya kwe-SR kwe-Ca(2+) kanye namandla wonke kagesi weseli akuzange kukhinyabezwe ukwelashwa kwe-rASPLM. Ukuphumula okusuka ekuqineni okubangelwe i-caffeine kwaba ngokushesha, kanye nobukhulu besikalo se-NCX1 baba phezulu emacellana e-rASPLM, okukhombisa ukuthi ukwehla kwe-PLM kwakhuphulisile umsebenzi we-NCX1. Emacellana anhliziyo kagundane angahlanganisiwe, izivivinyo ze-coimmunoprecipitation zakhombisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PLM ne-NCX1. Ku-0.6 mM [Ca(2+)](o), amacellana e-rASPLM ayenokulamba okuphansi kakhulu (P < 0.003) kanye nobungako bomgudumela we-[Ca(2+)](i) kunamacellana e-GFP alawulwayo. Ku-5 mM [Ca(2+)](o), kokubili ukulamba kanye nobungako bomgudumela we-[Ca(2+)](i) zaziphezulu emacellana e-rASPLM. Leli phethini lokuziphatha kokuhlanganyela kanye nomgudumela we-[Ca(2+)](i) emacellana e-rASPLM laliphambene nalokho okubonwe emacellana agundane ngemuva kwe-MI.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukwehliswa kwe-PLM kumaselula ejwayelekile enhliziyo kagundane kwaphucula umsebenzi we-NCX1 futhi kwathinta uhlobo lwe-[Ca(2+)](i) kanye nobukhulu bokuhoxa.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-070", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkwenyuka kwe-[K+]o, ngokucisha isimo sepotential yemembrane ephumule kanye nokuvimba ngokuyingxenye i-inward Na+ current (INa), kukholakala ukuthi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kancane ukuhambisa ngesikhathi kwenzeka i-ischemia yemyocardial. Emalungiselelweni amaningi amaseli ezikhala zenhliziyo, ukunyuswa kwe-[K+]o kuphakanyiswe ukuthi kwehlisa i-Vmax kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile ekukhululweni kwemembrane kuphela. Indlela yalomthelela ongazange uphenjwe ngevoltage we-[K+]o awukaziwa njengamanje, futhi ukubaluleka kwawo emasosheni anhliziyo eyodwa akukaqinisekiswa. Sihlolile imithelela engazange iphenjwe ngevoltage ye-[K+]o ephakeme ku-INa kanye ne-action potential upstroke emaseli anhliziyo athambekile nangezikhala ezihlukanisiwe ezihlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ze-voltage- ne-current-clamp. I-Superfusate [K+] yaguqulwa kusuka ku-5 mmol/L kuya ku-14 noma 24 mmol/L, kanti i-[Na+] yagcinwa ku-150 mmol/L. Emaseli athambekile alinyiwe namapatches akhishiwe ngaphandle-ngaphandle kusukela emaseli athambekile nangezikhala asanda kukhishwa, ubukhulu nama-kinetics e-INa akashintshanga ngokunyuswa kwe-[K+]o. Emaseli athambekile, ama-action potentials avezwe kusukela kwipotential yokubamba ka -70 mV abe ne-Vmax efanayo (114.9 +/- 5.7 ngokuqhathaniswa no 112.2 +/- 4.8 V/s, isilinganiso +/- SEM, n = 6) kanye ne-action potential amplitude (115.0 +/- 2.4 ngokuqhathaniswa no 113.4 +/- 3.9 mV) ku-5 no-24 mmol/L [K+]o. Ngokuphambene, emaseli ezikhala zenhliziyo kwipotential yokubamba ka -70 mV, ukunyusa i-[K+]o kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-14 mmol/L kwehlise i-Vmax kusuka ku-161.8 +/- 18.0 kuya ku-55.3 +/- 5.0 V/s (n = 7, P < .001) kanye ne-action potential amplitude kusuka ku-128.1 +/- 1.3 kuya ku-86.6 +/- 5.4 mV (P < .001). Lokukwehla okungakhumbuli ivoltage kwe-Vmax ne-action potential amplitude okubangelwa yi-[K+]o ephakeme kwasulwa phambi kuka-1 mmol/L Ba2+, okubonisa ukuthi kubangelwa yi-K+ conductance ekhulile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukuphakama kwe-[ K+ ]o kuya emazingeni alindelekile ngesikhathi se-ischemia kubangela ukwehlisa okubonakalayo okungancikile evoltage kwe-Vmax emasosheni ezinhliziyo (ventricular cells), okungaphinde kunikele ekuphazamisekeni kokuhamba komshwana wesiguli (myocardial conduction) okuyimpawu ye-ischemia eqalayo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-071", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-extracellular calcium (CaCa²⁺)) eyenza ukurelaksa kwezinhlayiya ezikhishiwe, ezivalwe nge-phenylephrine (PE) i-mesenteric arteries kuncike kuthungelwano oluhlanzekile lwemizwa ye-perivascular oluveza i-CaCa²⁺sensing receptor (CaSR). Ukuvuselelwa kwe-receptor kukhuthaza umgudu we-endocannabinoid vasodilator, oncike kwi-cytochrome P450 kanye ne-phospholipase A₂kodwa uzimele kakhulu kwi-endothelium. Kulolu cwaningo, sinqume indima ye-nitric oxide (NO) ekurelakseni kwe-CaSR ye-perivascular nerve kwi-mesenteric resistance arteries ezikhishwe kwamagundane. Sisebenzisa i-automated wire myography, safunda imiphumela ye-NO synthase (NOS) gene knockout (NOS(-/-)) kanye nokuvimbela okwenziwa emapharmasi ye-NOS ku-CaCa²⁺)-induced relaxation ye-PE-contracted arteries. I-Endothelial NOS knockout (eNOS(-/-)) yenza ngcono kodwa i-neuronal NOS knockout (nNOS(-/-)) yehla ukukhiqiza i-CaSR. I-NOS(-/-) inciphisa i-maximum CaCa²⁺)-induced relaxation ngaphandle kokushintsha EC₅₀ values, i-eNOS(-/-) iba nomthelela omkhulu. Izimpendulo zamabhizinisi ku-calindol ne-Calhex 231 zikhombisa ukuthi i-CaSR ihlanganisa ukurelaksa. L-N⁵-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine inciphisa i-CaCa²⁺)-induced relaxation ye-PE-contracted arteries kusukela kumagundane e-C57BL/6 control cishe ngo-38% kodwa ibe nomthelela omncane ezitsheni ezivela ku-eNOS(-/-) amagundane. I-7-Nitroindazole ayikho nomthelela obalulekile ekurelakseni kwezinhlayiya zamagundane eNOS(-/-), kodwa kokubili i-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester ne-N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine yahlisa kakhulu ama-relaxation maxima kuwo wonke amaqembu. Okuhlaba umxhwele, i-nNOS-selective inhibitor S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline yandisa ngokusemthethweni EC₅₀ value ngo-≈0% kwizicubu zamagundane e-C57BL/6 kodwa yanciphisa ukuphendula kakhulu ngo-≈0% kulabo abasuselwa ku-nNOS(-/-) amagundane. Ama-CaCa²⁺activated big potassium channels adlala indima enkulu kulomgudu, njengoba kuboniswa umthelela we-iberiotoxin.\n\nHypothesis:\nSifinyeza ukuthi ukukhomba kwe-CaSR emithanjeni yemesenteric kukhuthaza i-eNOS kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-NO okulawula ukuphumula okubangelwa yi-CaCa²⁺).", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-072", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Adenosine, isikhiqizi somthambo wegazi, ivame ukuveliswa emizimbeni lapho isidingo se-oxygen seqile ekuseni. Kamuva sibonisile emiselweni yezintambo zamathambo egazi ezihlukanisiwe ukuthi i-adenosine kanye nesikhiqizi sayo, i-inosine, bangaphinda bangabanga ukuvaleka kwezithambo zegazi ngokukhuthaza amaseli mast. Ukukhululwa kwesibili kwe-histamine ne-thromboxane kuyimbangela yokuvaleka kwemithambo kwe-inosine kubumo benguquko. Kulolu cwaningo, sihlole imiphumela yokunyakaza kwemithambo ye-adenosine kubumo benguquko futhi saphenya indima ye-A3 adenosine receptor ekuxhumaniseni ukuvaleka kwemithambo. Kubumo benguquko, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ye-adenosine (10-6 kuya ku-10-4 mol/L) emithanjeni yegazi njalo kwabangela ukwehlukana kwenani kwemithambo. Nokho, ingxenye yezithambo zegazi, yabonisa ukusabela okuphindwe kabili, nokuvaleka okulandelwa ukuvuleka. Nalokhu, kwakuncike esikhaleni; 35% wezithambo zegazi zivaleka ngo-12.7 +/- 4.3% wobukhulu bokuqala ekusabeleni ku-10-4 mol/L ye-adenosine. Bukhona be-8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8-SPT), isitha se-A1 ne-A2 adenosine receptors, ukuvuleka ekusabeleni kwenani elifanayo le-adenosine kwancipha, futhi ukuvaleka kwanda; 85% wezithambo zegazi ezihlolwayo zivaleka ngo-44.3 +/- 6.0% wobukhulu bokuqala. I-A3 adenosine receptor ibonisiwe ukuthi ilondoloza ukukhululwa kwezihlanganisi kumaseli mast, nendima yayo nayo yahlolwa. I-N6-(3-Iodo-4-aminobenzyl)adenosine (I-ABA), i-agonist ye-A1 ne-A3 adenosine receptors, yakhiqiza ukuvaleka kwemithambo okuncike esikhaleni. I-1,3-Dipropyl-8-(4-acrylate)phenylxanthine (BW-A1433), isitha se-A1, A2, ne-A3 receptors, yancipha kakhulu ukuvaleka kwemithambo ekusabeleni kwe-adenosine, okwakwembulwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-8-SPT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili i-adenosine ne-I-ABA zikhuthaze ukuthathwa kweseli mast kwe-ruthenium red, okukhombisa i-degranulation. Ukuvaleka okubangelwe yi-I-ABA kwasulwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-histamine ne-thromboxane receptor antagonists.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-adenosine ingabangela ukuvaleka kwezitho zegazi emzimbeni, okuvame ukufihlelwa ukuvuleka kwezitho zegazi okubangelwa izithameli ze-A2.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-073", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSiqhathanise izindlela zokuphumula kwemithambo yegazi ye-acetylcholine kanye ne-substance P ngokubheka amashaneli e-K(+), futhi sahlaziya ngokwezokwelapha ubunjalo bezinto ezisuselwa endothelium ngaphandle kwe-NO neziprostanoids emithanjeni yegazi yezinhliziyo yezinkawu nezinja. Imithambo yegazi yezinhliziyo yakhishwa ezinkawini nasezinjeni, futhi ukuncindezeleka kwezicubu zemithambo yegazi zalilinganiswa. Ezicutshini zemithambo yegazi yezinja ezithenjiswe nge-indomethacin kanye ne-N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) futhi ezincindezeleke ngokuyingxenye nge-prostaglandin F(2alpha), i-acetylcholine ibangele ukuphumula okuhlobene nokuqoqana, okwasulwa ngokususa i-endothelium. Ukuphumula kwancishiswa kakhulu kodwa akuzange kusulwe ezicutshini zemithambo ezivulekele emitholampilweni ephakeme ye-K(+). I-Charybdotoxin kanye ne-apamin zivimbele kakhulu ukuphumula kufika ezingeni elifanayo naleso se-K(+) ephakeme, kanti i-glibenclamide noma i-iberiotoxin ayibanga mphumela. Ukuphumula kwavinjwa kakhulu yi-quinacrine, isivimbi se-phospholipase A(2), kanye ne-ketoconazole, isivimbi esikhethekile se-cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, kodwa hhayi yisulfaphenazole, isivimbi esikhethekile se-CYP 2C. Ngokuphambene ne-acetylcholine, ukuphumula okulawulwa yi-endothelium nokungalawulwa yi-indomethacin-kanye-L-NA okubangelwa yi-substance P akuzange kuvinjwe yizindlela eziphezulu ze-K(+), i-charybdotoxin kanye ne-apamin, noma i-ketoconazole. I-Quinacrine ne-AA861, isivimbi se-5-lipoxygenase, zavimbela ukuphumula okubangelwa yi-substance P. Kumthambo wegazi wenhliziyo yenkawu, ukuphumula okubangelwa yi-acetylcholine okungalawulwa yi-indomethacin kanye ne-L-NA kwasulwa ukususwa kwe-endothelial kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziphakeme ze-K(+), i-charybdotoxin kanye ne-apamin, i-progesterone ne-ketoconazole, kodwa akuzange kuthintwe yi-iberiotoxin noma i-sulfaphenazole. I-Substance P ayizange iphumuze imithambo yegazi yezinhliziyo yezinkawu.\n\nHypothesis:\nKunqunywe ukuthi ukudeda okuncike endothelium, i-nitric oxide kanye ne-prostanoid -okungathembeli kuwona okubangelwe i-acetylcholine ezinsizeni zemithambo yenhliziyo yezinkawu kanye nezinja kudalwa yi-charybdotoxin kanye ne-apamin-sensitive kodwa i-iberiotoxin-insensitive Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel yokuvula izinto, ezingaba i-CYP3A-derived arachidonic acid metabolite(s).", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-074", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhloso yethu kwakuwukuthola indima ye-Rho-associated kinase (ROK) ekulawuleni i-FBF (FBF) kanye nokuveza indima engaba khona ye-ROK ekulawuleni i-endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). Futhi, umphumela we-fasudil ekuphenduleni kokunciphisa ku-endothelin-1 yarekhodwa. Mayelana nesizinda, ukufosforileshana kwe-myosin light chain (MLC) kunquma ukukhathazeka kwe-calcium ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokuhweba. Ukufosforileshana kwe-MLC kuncike ekusebenzeni kwe-MLC kinase kanye ne-MLC phosphatase. Lesi sizini sokugcina sivinjelwa ngokufosforileshana nge-ROK. I-ROK kuphakanyiswe ukuthi ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-NO, kungenzeka ngokuvimbela indlela ye-Akt. Kulolu cwaningo, umphumela wokungeniswa kwemboni ye-ROK inhibitor fasudil ku-FBF kubantu abanempilo abayishumi nambili kuhlolwe nge-venous occlusion plethysmography. Ukuveza indima ye-NO, i-fasudil ifakwe ngesikhathi se-NO clamp. Njengesiphumo, i-fasudil yenyusa kakhulu i-FBF ngendlela encike kwisikali kusuka ku-2.34 +/- 0.21 kuya ku-6.96 +/- 0.93 ml/100 ml yevolomu yengalo ku-80 mug/min (P < 0.001). Ku-1,600 mug/min, i-fasudil yanciphisa i-systolic, i-diastolic, kanye ne-mean arterial pressure ngenkathi yenyusa i-heart rate. I-fasudil yaqeda umthelela wokunciphisa imithambo we-endothelin-1. Ukuphendula kwemithambo ku-fasudil (80 mumol/min) kwaye kwaphazamiseka ngesikhathi se-NO clamp (104 +/- 18% vs. 244 +/- 48% ku-NO clamp + fasudil vs. fasudil yodwa; idatha njengebalazwe phakathi kwengalo efakiwe nengafakiwe ngesisekelo = 0%, P < 0.05).\n\nHypothesis:\nEkuphetheni, 1) i-basal peripheral kanye ne-systemic vascular tone incike ku-ROK; 2.34) ingxenye enkulu ye-vasodilation edalwa i-fasudil ihambisana ne-NO, okusho ukuthi i-vascular bioavailable NO ilawulwa ngokungemuhle i-ROK; futhi 3) isenzo se-constrictor esivela ku-endothelin sibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwe-ROK.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-075", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImiphumela yokukhulisa imithambo yeflunarizine kwizingcezwana zomsipha ontofontofo womthambo wegazi werebit isicweciwe iphenyisiwe futhi yaqhathaniswa naleso senifedipine. Iflunarizine (30-300 nM) ngokuya ngezinga lenani layo ivalile ukuqumba okubangelwa yi-Ca2+ emanzini angenayo i-Ca2+ anohlobo lwe-100 mM K+. Ukuhlaziywa okuyimpindampinda kabili kukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kuvalwa bekungokuncintisanayo emazingeni aphansi (30-100 nM; efana neyenifedipine) noma okungancintisani emazingeni aphezulu (0.3-1 microM). Eyasekugcineni ibonakale ihlobene kancane nokuvinjwa kwamaprotheyini okuhlukaniswayo njengoba kulingwa ngokuqumba okubangelwa yi-Ca2+ ezingcezwaneni zomsipha ezithwalwe ngokomkhiqizo zekhemikhali eziphathwe ngesaponin. Ngokuphikisana nezenzo zenifedipine, iflunarizine ivimbe ukuqumba okubangelwa yi-norepinephrine (NE) kakhulu kunalezo ezivuselelwa yi-K+ ephezulu, futhi ku-0.3 microM, lesi siphetho savalela ngokuphelele ukuqumba okubangelwa yi-NE. Iflunarizine iphinde yavimba ukuqumba okubangelwa yi-NE emanzini angena-Ca2+ aqukethe i-2 mM EGTA. Emanzini angena-Ca2+, i-NE ngokushesha ihlukahlukanisa i-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI-P2) futhi ikhiqiza i-phosphatidic acid (PA). I-Flunarizine (30 no-300 nM), kodwa hhayi i-nifedipine (100 nM), ivimbe ukuhlakazwa kwe-PI-P2 okubangelwa yi-NE nokukhiqizwa kwe-PA. Kodwa-ke, i-flunarizine (100 nM) ayizange iguqule ukuqumba okubangelwa yi-10 microM ye-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ezingcezwaneni zomsipha ozotsholwe ngekhemikhali.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuhlanganiswe ukuthi, ngokungafani ne-nifedipine, i-flunarizine emazingeni aphansi ivimba ukuqhunyelwa okubangwa yi-Ca2+ ngokuthikameza ukuhlakazwa kwe-PI-P2 okubangwa yi-NE kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-PA.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-076", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzinhlanzi ze-Teleost zikwazi ukuhlela ukuthatha kwazo kwamandla uma zidliwa emithonjeni emihle yemakronyuthienti, yize izindlela eziqondile ezilawula ukukhethwa kwemakronyuthienti zisasele zingakaziwa. Njengoba i-cholecystokinin (CCK) kubikwe ukuthi iguqula amaphethini okukhethwa kwemakronyuthienti ezilwaneni ezincela, sihlolisise umthelela we-CCK ephiwe ngomlomo kumaBass aseMediterranean ekukhetheni kwemakronyuthienti efakwe ngokwehlukana. Amazinga e-CCK angu-0.05, 0.15 kanye no-0.25 mg/kg BW ephiwe amakhasuli i-gelatine izinsuku ezi-5 zilandelana, adale ukuvimbela okukhulu kokuthatha ukudla okuphelele (21, 28 kanye nama-51%, ngokulandelana) emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu, kuyehlisa ngokulingana ubuningi bayo yonke imakronyuthienti edliwayo, futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinga labo elisebenzayo ekudleni. Ukunikezwa komlomo ngokwe-proglumide, inxubo yereseptha ye-CCK engaqondile, ngamazinga angu-5, 15 kanye nama-25 mg/kg BW, kudale ukunyuka kokuqiniseka kokuthatha ukudla okuphelele kuka-2, 18 kanye nama-44%, ngokulandelana, kanye nokunyuka kuka-52% ku-CH kanye nama-43% ku-P obuningi obathathiwe emazingeni aphakeme. Ukunikezwa okuhambisanayo kwe-proglumide (25 mg/kg BW) ne-CCK (0.25 mg/kg BW) kwikhasuli elilodwa elinikezwa kuqala kuvimbe imiphumela eyabonakala nge-CCK yodwa.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengoba sengiphetha, iproglumide ephuzwayo idale umthelela wokunciphisa indlala kwenani eliphelele lokudla kanye nokudla okunomsoco owodwa, umthelela ophikiswa yiproglumide antagonist iCCK.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-077", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) ibonakala ihlanganisa izici ezivusa indlala zephepha elisha, i-ghrelin. Ngakho-ke, sihlole izindlela ezimqoka ezingaphakathi ukudla okukhiqizwa yi-ghrelin elingiswa ku-PVN. Siqinisekise ukuthi 0.03 nmol ye-ghrelin elingisiwe ku-PVN kwakuyisikali esiphansi kakhulu esandisa ukudla futhi kwavusa i-c-Fos immunoreactivity (uphawu lokuqala kwezinzwa) kuyo i-PVN, kanye nakwezinye izindawo zengqondo ezihlobene nokudla, kufaka phakathi i-hypothalamic arcuate kanye nama-dorsomedial nuclei, i-central nucleus ye-amygdala, kanye ne-nucleus ye-solitary tract.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ghrelin ivusa amaneuroni e-PVN nakwezinye izindawo zengqondo ezihlobene nokudla ukugqugquzela ukuthatha ukudla.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-078", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Leptin idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni komongameli wekhanda wama-bone mass. I-Ghrelin imelana ne-leptin. Kulolu cwaningo, sihlolile umthelela wokunikezwa kwe-ghrelin esikhathini eside ngaphakathi kwe-intracerebroventricular kwi-bone mass kumagundane e-Sprague-Dawley (1.5 μg/usuku isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingu-21). Amagundane ahlukaniswe ngokwalaba: iqoqo elilawulayo, iqoqo le-ghrelin okudliwa kulinganiselwe (ghrelin ad lib-fed), kanye neqoqo le-ghrelin okudliwa kulinganisiwe. Ukujovwa kwe-ghrelin ngokwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa i-intracerebroventricular kwandisa isisindo somzimba kakhulu kumagundane e-ghrelin ad lib-fed, kodwa hhayi kumagundane e-ghrelin pair-fed, uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane elawulwayo. Ukujovwa kwe-ghrelin yesikhathi eside i-intracerebroventricular kwandisa kakhulu i-bone mass eqoqweni le-ghrelin pair-fed uma kuqhathaniswa nokungalawulwa njengoba kuboniswa ukwanda kwephesenti yamathambo, ubukhulu be-trabecular, inani le-trabecular kanye ne-volumetric bone mineral density ethambo le-tibia ye-trabecular. Kwakungekho umehluko omkhulu kwi-trabecular bone mass phakathi kweqoqo elilawulayo kanye neqoqo le-ghrelin ad-lib fed. Ukujovwa kwe-ghrelin yesikhathi eside i-intracerebroventricular kwandisa kakhulu i-mineral apposition rate eqoqweni le-ghrelin pair-fed uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kuka-ghrelin endaweni ephakathi kwandisa isisindo samathambo ngendlela engancikile ebukhulwini bomzimba, okubonisa ukuthi i-ghrelin ingaba nomthelela wokwakha amathambo ngokohlelo lwemizwa oluphakathi.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-079", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkunikezelwa kwesistimu yecholecystokinin (CCK) noma i-LiCl kuvimba ukushukuma kwesisu kanye nokudla kokudla emagundaneni. Amanoroni e-oxytocin (OT) akhomba umsuka wesitemu yobuchopho ku-hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) akhulunywa ukuthi amelana nemiphumela evimbayo ye-CCK ne-LiCl ekushukumeni kwesisu nasekudleni kokudla. Ezifundweni zamanje, sithole ukuthi ukushukuma kwesisu okuyisisekelo bekuphakeme emagundaneni emva kwamahora angu-12-20 ngemva kokulimala komshini osika imisipha ye-PVN; kodwa-ke, lo mphumela wanyamalala ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CCK ne-LiCl zavimba ukushukuma kwesisu emva kwamahora angu-12-20, ezinsukwini ezintathu, nezonto ezintathu ngemva kokulimala kwe-PVN, nakuba imiphumela yazo yabuthakathaka. Ukujova i-anesthetic yasendaweni i-lidocaine ngaphakathi kwe-PVN kwaba nemiphumela efanayo nokulimala okukhulu kwe-PVN. Emagundaneni anokulimala kwe-PVN, imiphumela evimbayo ye-CCK ne-LiCl ekudleni kokudla yayingafanani neyamagundane anokulimala kwesham.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukushukuma kwesisu kuvimba i-PVN futhi kuhlanganyela ekuvimbeleni, kodwa akubalulekile kakhulu, imiphumela evimbelayo ye-CCK ne-LiCl ku-PVN kanye nokudla kwemigomo emagundaneni.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-080", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-teleost salmon calcitonin (sCT), kodwa hhayi ama-CT asezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ibonisa izenzo ezifanayo ngokwebhayoloji emzimbeni wamathambo njengamylin ne-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Amapeptide abonisiwe futhi ukuthi anciphisa ukudla okudliwayo ezinqameni. Ngenxa yokuthi i-sCT, kodwa hhayi i-amylin, ibopheka ngokungaguquki ezindaweni zokubopheka ze-amylin, inhloso yalolu cwaningo lwamanje kwakuwukuqhathanisa amandla okuphungula ukudla awo womabili amapeptide. Ukuze kuthiwe i-sCT iphungula ukudla ngokuxhumana nezindawo zokubopheleka ze-amylin, siphinde sahlola ukuthi ama-antagonist afanele (CORP 8-37, AC 187) ayancipha yini umthelela wokunciphisa ukudla we-sCT. Okokugcina, besifuna ukwazi ukuthi i-rat calcitonin (rCT) ne-sCT zinciphisa ukudla ngendlela efanayo yini. Amapeptide ajovwe ngaphakathi esiswini ekuqaleni kobumnyama kumagundane ayengadlanga ukudla amahora angu-24. Ezingeni elingu-5 noma 0.5 microg/kg, umthelela wokunciphisa ukudla we-sCT wawunamandla kakhulu futhi wathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu (isibonelo 5 microg/kg: sCT > 10 h; amylin cishe 2 h) kunalowo we-amylin. Kokubili i-CORP 8-37 ne-AC 187 (10 microg/kg) kwancipha kakhulu isenzo sokunciphisa ukudla se-sCT (0.5 microg/kg). Ngokuphambene ne-sCT, i-rCT (0.5 microg/kg) yayingenawo umthelela ekudleni.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkuphetheni, ukusebenza kwe-sCT okumandla kakhulu nokudala isikhathi eside ekwehliseni indlala kunalokho kwe-amylin kusho ukuthi i-sCT yehlisa ukudla ngokusebenzisana nezindawo zokubopheka ze-amylin.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-081", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuphonswa kwabamukelisi be-purinergic nge-ATP kanye nokuvuselela kwesikhuthi sokudlulisela i-cystic fibrosis (CFTR) kunqanda ukuthuthwa kwe-Na+ okuzwela i-amiloride futhi kuvuselele ukukhipha i-Cl-. Lezi zinguquko ekuthuthweni kwe-ion zingathinta ukukhula kweseli. Ngakho-ke sahlola ukuthi ukuncipha kweseli noma ukudumba kweseli kuthinta ukuthuthwa kwe-Na+ okuzwela i-amiloride ezinsikeni ze-epithelial noma oocytes zama-Xenopus futhi nokuthi ingcindezi ye-osmotic ingaba nemphumela ekulawulweni kokuthuthwa kwe-Na+ nge-ATP noma i-CFTR. Ukuphonswa kwabamukelisi be-purinergic nge-ATP/UTP noma ukuvuselelwa kwe-CFTR nge-IBMX ne-forskolin kunqande ukuthuthwa okuzwela i-amiloride empinjeni nasekuphethweni komusi wezimpuku, ngendlela eyayincike ku-Cl-. Uma kubhekwa isixazululo se-hypertonic kodwa hhayi i-hypotonic, ukuthuthwa kwe-Na+ okuzwela i-amiloride kwanqandwa empinjeni nasekuphethweni komusi wezimpuku, okungancikile enanini le-Cl- yangaphandle. Ukuncishiswa kokuthuthwa kwe-Na+ ngezixazululo ze-hypertonic kanye ne-ATP kuyahlanganiseka. Uma kuhlanganyiswa ama-oocyte e-Xenopus, ukuvuselelwa kwe-CFTR nge-IBMX ne-forskolin kunqande isitshalo se-epithelial Na+ (ENaC) ngendlela encike ku-Cl-. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo se-hypertonic kanye ne-hypotonic sikhombise nje kuphela imiphumela encane ekushintsheni okuzwela i-amiloride, okungancikile ku-Cl- yesixazululo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqandwa kwe-ENaC okubangelwa yi-CFTR kungabonakala ema-oocytes noma emva kokubhekana nezixazululo ze-hypertonic noma ze-hypotonic.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukumunca i-Na+ okuvinjwa yi-amiloride emaphashini nasekholoni yegundane kunqandwa ukuncipha kwamaseli ngendlela engaphazamisi ukuvimbeka kwe-ENaC okubangelwa yi-purinergic ne-CFTR.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-082", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkumunca kwe-NaCl ngendawo ephakeme evukayo (TAL) kufaka ukuthutha okusemsebenzini futhi ngakho-ke kuncike ekuhlinzekweni kwe-oxidative. I-ATP engaphandle kweseli inezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuqhubela phambili nokuvimba ukuthutha nokuvimba i-oxidative phosphorylation. Nokho, akucacile ukuthi i-ATP iguqula kanjani ukuthutha kwe-TAL nokuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Siqagele ukuthi i-ATP ivimba ukumuncwa kwe-Na kwe-TAL ngokunciphisa ukungena kwe-Na. Sikale ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen emisebeni ye-TAL. I-ATP yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen ngendlela encike ekuhlanganisweni. Umvimbi we-purinergic (P2) receptor i-suramin (300 microM) wavimba umthelela we-ATP ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oxygen kwe-TAL (147 +/- 15 vs. 146 +/- 16 nmol O2 x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)). Ngokuphambene nalokho, umvimbi we-adenosine receptor i-theophylline awuzange ublocke umthelela we-ATP ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oxygen. Lapho okokuthutha i-Na-K-2Cl kanye nokushintshana kwe-Na/H kublokhwe nge-furosemide (100 microM) kanye ne-dimethyl amiloride (100 microM), i-ATP ayizange ivimbe ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen kwe-TAL (kusuka ku-78 +/- 13 kuya ku-98 +/- 5 nmol O2 x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)). I-Na ionophore i-nystatin (200 U/ml) yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen kwe-TAL esikaleni esifanayo kuzo zombili izibonelo eziphathwe nge-ATP kanye neziphathwe ngesikhwama (368 +/- 41 vs. 397 +/- 47 nmol O2 x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)). Umvimbi we-nitric oxide synthase i-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (3 mM) wavimba imiphumela ye-ATP ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oxygen kwe-TAL (157 +/- 10 vs. 165 +/- 15 nmol O2 x min(-1) x mg protein(-1)). Umvimbi we-P2X-selective receptor i-NF023 wavimba umthelela we-ATP ekusetshenzisweni kwe-oxygen, kanti i-P2X-selective agonist i-beta-gamma-Me-ATP yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen ngendlela encike ekuhlanganisweni.\n\nHypothesis:\nSingaphothula ngokuthi i-ATP ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen ehambisana nokuthuthwa kwe-Na eziceleni zeTAL ngokunciphisa ukungena kwe-Na kanye nabamukelisi be-P2X kanye ne-nitric oxide baba nomthelela ekwenzeni lokhu.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-083", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSikhombisile ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuvimbela i-protein-tyrosine kinase kwandisa kanti ukuvimbela i-protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) kunciphisa umsebenzi we-renal outer medullary potassium channel 1 (ROMK1) (1). Manje sisebenzise i-confocal microscopy, indlela ye-patch clamp, kanye nokumaka nge-biotin ukuhlola kabanzi indima yokufosforileyithwa kwe-tyrosine ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwe-ROMK1. Amaseli e-Human embryonic kidney 293 ahlanganiselwe nge-c-Src kanye ne-green fluorescent protein-ROMK1, enezimpawu zebhayofizikhi ezifanayo nalezo ze-ROMK1. Izifundo ze-patch clamp zikhombisile ukuthi i-phenylarsine oxide (PAO), isivimbeli se-PTP, sinciphisa umsebenzi we-ROMK1. Ngaphezu kwaloko, ukwengeza i-PAO kunciphise ukuma kweseli ebusweni be-green fluorescent protein-ROMK1 okuhlolwe nge-confocal microscopy futhi kwanciphisa ukujula kwe-ROMK1 ebusweni ngo-65% okukalwe ngokumaka kwe-biotin. Futhi, ukwelashwa nge-PAO kwandise kakhulu ukufosforileyithwa kwe-ROMK1. Umbono wokuthi umphumela we-PAO ubangelwa ukugqugquzela ukungena kwe-ROMK1 okuphasiswa ukufosforileyithwa kwe-tyrosine usekelwe futhi ngokutholakala kokuthi ukushintsha i-tyrosine residue 337 ye-ROMK1 ibe yi-alanine kwashabalalisa umthelela we-PAO. Okokugcina, umthelela ovimbelayo we-PAO ku-ROMK1 wavinjwa ngokuphelele emaseline ahlanganiselwe ne-dominant negative dynamin (dynaminK44A). Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungena kwe-ROMK1 okuphasiswa ukufosforileyithwa kwe-tyrosine kuncike ku-dynamin.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-PTP ikhuthaza i-endocytosis ye-ROMK1 ngendlela encike ku-dynamin.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-084", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Butyrate ithuthukisa ukumunca usawoti ethunjini elikhulu lezilwane ongazincelisayo. Sihlole ukuthi ngabe i-butyrate iphinde ibe nomthelela ekukhipheni i-Cl-. Izingxenye zempilo ezithinta isinyasinyakhekazi somncintiswano zabafana be-Sprague-Dawley kanye namaseli e-T84 zafundwa emagunjini e-Ussing. Ethunjini elikhulu elingekho ngaphansi kokulawulwa, i-1 mM dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) yenyusa isibalo esincane esijikelezayo (Isc) kanye nokugeleza kwe-Cl- kusukela esikhumbeni kuya esikhupheni (JsmCl) ngo-3.2 +/- 0.8 kanye no-2.9 +/- 0.8 mueq.cm-2.h-1, ngokulandelana. I-25 mM ye-butyrate esemukhosini noma ekhumbeni ivimbela ukwenyuka kwe-Isc ne-JsmCl okubangelwe yi-DBcAMP. I-butyrate ye-4 kanye ne-8 millimolar ibangela ukuncishiswa okunguhhafu kokwenyuka kwe-JsmCl ne-Isc, ngokulandelana. I-butyrate iphinde ivimbele i-JsmCl eyisisekelo (ngo-2.0 +/- 0.4 mueq.cm-2.h-1) kodwa hhayi ukukhipha i-Cl- okuhlanganiswe ne-carbachol. Amandla okuvimbela ahlobene ku-25 mM amanye ama-short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) ahambisana nezinga lokuguqulwa kwawo ezinhlayiyeni: butyrate > acetate = propionate > isobutyrate. Ku-25 mM, zonke ama-SCFA anciphisa i-intracellular pH (pHi) emukhosini okwesikhashana ngeyunithi ye-pH e-0.1. Emaseline e-T84 aphelele, i-50 mM butyrate ivimbele ukwenyuka kwe-Isc okubangelwe yi-DBcAMP ngo-55%. Emaseline e-T84 anesikhumba esibhobokile ngenxa ye-nystatin, i-butyrate ivimbele ukwenyuka kwe-Isc ngo-82%.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-butyrate ithuthukisa ukukhishwa kwe-Cl- okuyisisekelo kanye nalokho okuhambisana ne-cAMP ngendlela engaxhumene ne-pHi, okungenzeka ukuthi itholakala emaphuzwini we-membrane.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-085", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nNjengoba izinqandamaketho zokukhipha i-anion zikhiqiza izici ezibalulekile zesifo sesifuba se-cystic fibrosis (CF), imiphumela yalezi ziphikisi ekubukekeni komhlehlo womgudu wokuphefumula yahlolwa emaphashini ezingulube ezihlukanisiwe ezigcwalisiwe. Amazinga aphezulu okuphazamisa e-bumetanide ne-dimethylamiloride, okuvimba ngokulandelana ukukhishwa kwe-Cl- ne-HCO3- emithambo yomoya engulube, kwadala ukwakheka komhlehlo oqinile \"oplastariwe\" phezu kwendawo yomgudu womoya, ukuncipha kwesikhulukhulu esiyinhlayiya periciliary kanye nokuwa kwe-cilia. Lo miphumela yayisobala kakhulu uma amaphaphu ayebhekene nayo ne-bethanechol ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhishwa kwezindlala esingaphansi kwesikhumba, lapho umhlehlo oplastariwe wamboza > 98% wendawo yomgudu womoya. I-bethanechol yaphinde yanciphisa okuqukethwe kwemicin yamajubane ezindlala ekungekho, kodwa hhayi phambi, kwezinqandamaketho zokukhipha i-anion. Izinqandamaketho zokukhipha i-anion azidalanga ukukhula okukalekayo ekukhishweni kwesibhobho esibhekelela uketshezi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukuvimbeleka kokukhishwa kwe-anion kanye noketshezi emaphashini ezingulube kuphazamisa ukuma okujwayelekile kwesikhupha saphezulu komgudu womoya, okunikeza ubufakazi obuthe xaxa bokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokukhishwa kwe-anion kuphela kungenzeka kudale izici ezinkulu zesifo samaphaphu e-CF.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-086", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSikhombisile ukuthi i-vitamin A (VA) kanye ne-retinoic acid (RA) kuhlanganisa kukhulise okuqukethe i-retinyl ester emaphashini emantshontshaneni amagundane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganisa ngokwamakhemikhali kunciphisa ukulimala kwamaphaphu e-hyperoxic kumasendlana asanda kuzalwa, sihlolile amasendlana asanda kuzalwa e-C57BL/6 ku-95% O2 noma emoyeni kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-4. I-ejenti [isikhululi, VA, RA, noma inhlanganisela ye-vitamin A+retinoic acid (VARA)] yanikwa ngomlomo nsuku zonke. Okuqukethe i-retinyl ester kwamaphaphu nesibindi kwakalwa, futhi ukulimala nokuthuthuka kwamaphaphu kwahlolwa. Siqaphelile ukuthi amazinga e-retinyl ester emaphashini, kodwa hhayi esibindini, akhuliswa kakhulu yi-VARA kunokuba yi-VA noma i-RA yodwa. Ukulimala kwamaphaphu kwe-hyperoxic kwancipha nge-VA ne-RA, futhi kakhulu nge-VARA. I-VARA yanciphisa ukwanda kwe-macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 mRNA nokukhiqizwa kwe-protein okwadalwa yi-hyperoxia, kodwa ayishintshanga imiphumela yehyperoxia kuma-peptide growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, kanye ne-TGF-beta1). Ukuvezwa kwamaphaphu ku-hyperoxia noma ku-retinoids izinsuku ezingu-4 akuzange kuholele ekuboneni izinguquko ekuthuthukeni kwamaphaphu.\n\nHypothesis:\nSigcina ngokuthi inhlanganisela ye-VARA inemiphumela yokusebenzisana ekuqoqekeni kwe-retinyl ester emaphashini kanye nasekunciphiseni ukulimala kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yi-hyperoxia kumagundane asanda kuzalwa, kungenzeka ngokuhlela izakhi ezibangela ukuvuvukala.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-087", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmakhemikhali ahlukahlukene akhonjisiwe ukuthi akhuthaza ukuguquguquka kwefosfolipidi yesurfactant. Ikakhulukazi ama-beta-adrenergic agonists adlala indima ebalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Okokuqala sifundile ukuthi ukunukubezwa kwe-nitrogen dioxide (NO2) kuguqula ukulawulwa kwe-beta-adrenergic kwemetabolism ye-surfactant phospholipid kulesi sifaniso sephaphu elihlukanisiwe. Amagundane abhekelwa ngokuqhubekayo ku-atmosphere equkethe i-5 ppm NO2 amahora angu-48. Amaphaphu ahlukaniswa aphinde aniselelwe ngokukhona kwe-beta-adrenergic agonist i-dopexamine, kanti imetabolism yesurfactant yafundwa ezigabeni ezintathu zephaphu: (1) ukugezwa kwephaphu, (2) isakhiwo sephaphu, (3) amasosha anukubezekayo ephaphu. Sithole ukuthi (1) emaphashini ajwayelekile egundane i-dopexamine yandisa ukufakwa kwe-palmitate ne-choline esuka kuperfusate ingene ku-lung lavage phospholipids. Emaphashini amagundane anomkhuhlane we-nitrogen dioxide, ukukhuthazwa kwe-beta-adrenergic akubanganga ukwanda kokufakwa kwempumela. Asikho isibalo esibalulekile sokungafani kokufakwa okungakhuthazwanga kwemphumela okutholakale kumaphaphu ajwayelekile negundane elivelele ku-NO2. (2) Isakhiwo sephaphu samagundane avelele ku-NO2 sakhombisa ukuncipha kokufakwa kwemphumela ku-disaturated phosphatidylcholine ngenxa yokukhuliswa kwe-cellular pool size. (3) Amasosha anukubezekayo ephaphu akhombise ukwanda kokuthathwa kwe-palmitate ngemuva kokunukubezwa kwe-nitrogen dioxide nangokukhuthazwa kwe-beta-adrenergic.\n\nHypothesis:\nKulolulwazi sifinyelelise ekutheni ukuphefumulisa i-NTG kukhubaza ukulawulwa kwe-beta-adrenergic kwemetabolism ye-phospholipid ye-surfactant.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-088", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSilawule i-bolus ye-G-CSF (amamayikhrogramu angu-250/umzimba) masinyane ngemuva kokuthululwa kwe-endotoxin (1 mayikhrogramu/kg) ezimvini eziqaphile ezine-fistula yokuphuma kweketshezi emaphashini ukuhlola umthelela wokwelapha nge-G-CSF ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-endotoxin olimaleni lwamaphaphu. Silinganise ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi emaphashini, ukugeleza kweketshezi lamaphaphu, kanye namazinga e-thromboxane B2 ne-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha eplasmeni naseketshezini lamaphaphu. Eqenjini elaphiwe nge-G-CSF ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-endotoxin, umfutho wemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, ukumelana kwemithambo yamaphaphu, kanye nokugeleza kweketshezi lamaphaphu akukhulanga kakhulu esikhathini esilandelayo (amahora angu-3-5 ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-endotoxin). Izinga lomoya we-oxygen egazini esikhathini esilandelayo laliphakeme ezimvini ezilashelwe nge-G-CSF kunazo lezo ezithole kuphela i-endotoxin. Yize izinga le-thromboxane B2 eplasmeni linyuke kakhulu ngehora elingu-1 ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-endotoxin, ukugeleza kweketshezi lamaphaphu akukhuphukanga kangako eqenjini elilashelwe nge-G-CSF ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-endotoxin.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukwelapha nge-G-CSF emva kokuhlaselwa kuvimbela ukulimala kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yi-endotoxin.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-089", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAbabhemi botshwala bavamise ukubonisa ukwenyuka kokusebenza kwemigudu yomoya ephakeme (AHR) lapho bebhekene nezifo zamagciwane. Ucwaningo lwamanje lusebenzisa isibonelo sokulinga izitho zezilwane (zi-murine) ukuhlaziya izindlela ezisetshenziswayo kule mpendulo eyeqile yamisipha ethambile. I-Nicotine ilingisa imiphumela yokubhema, futhi i-LPS imele isifo segciwane. Izimpendulo zokuhweba kwezicubu zamabhamuza ezilwane ezihlukanisiwe zahlaziywa kwi-myographs ngemva kokulingelela izitho nokunyuka kwamazinga e-LPS kanye/noma i-nicotine izinsuku ezingu-4 ngaphandle kokunqanda i-MAPK okuthile. Umthelela we-nicotine ekubonakalisweni kwama-Toll-like receptors (TLRs) angaphezulu kweseli, i-MCP-1, i-COX-2, kanye ne-TNF-α kuhlolwe nge-real-time PCR. Ukwanda kokuboniswa kwe-protein kuqinisekiswe nge-immunohistochemistry. I-LPS ngokuncike ekuqhubekeni kwandisa izimpendulo zokuhweba ku-bradykinin ne-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin. Inhlanganisela ye-nicotine ne-LPS esezingeni eliphansi ibangele ukuhweba okunamandla okuhlangene kanye nokwanda kokubonakala kwe-kinin receptor. Izinqandi ezithile ze-kinin B1 ne-B2 receptor zivimbe le mpendulo. I-Nicotine yandisa i-mRNA nokubonakala kwe-protein ye-TLR4 ne-6 kwi-epithelium nesigaba sesiqa esthambile, kanye ne-MCP-1 ne-COX-2 mRNA okwanda ngokulinganayo. Ukunqanda okuqondile kwe-JNK kunciphisa imiphumela ye-nicotine.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukuchayiseka isikhathi eside e-nicotine kwandisa ukuvezwa kwe-TLR4 ne-6 ngendlela ehlobene ne-JNK, okubangela ukwandiswa kokuvuvukala kwemizwa yomoya yasendaweni okubangelwa yi-LPS kanye nokwanda kwe-AHR.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-090", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuqhathanisa imiphumela ye-epidermal growth factor (EGF) kanye ne-betamethasone ekukhuleni kwesakhiwo sesigaba sokushintshisana kwegas kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwe-alveolar type II cell ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwamaphaphu esisu, amagundi esisu e-rhesus (78% wesikhathi sokukhula) ayelashwa esizalweni nge-EGF (5.33 mg/kg isamba samadozi), beta-methasone (2.6 mg/kg isamba samadozi) noma i-carrier, i-saline (control), zonke ezinye izinsuku isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyisi-7. Amagundi alashwa nge-EGF aba nokukhula kwesisindo somzimba namadlozi ezinso okwakubalulekile. Amagundi alashwa nge-betamethasone aba nokwehla kwesisindo somzimba namadlozi ezinso okubalulekile. I-EGF yangaphandle yanciphisa i-cytoplasmic glycogen yase yandisa izitho zama-cytoplasmic kanye nokuqukathwa kwe-SP-A phakathi kwama-alveolar type II cells. Ngokuphambene, i-betamethasone yangaphandle ayizange ishintshe i-alveolar type II cell cytodifferentiation. Ukwelashwa nge-EGF noma i-betamethasone akuzange kushintshe kakhulu isakhiwo sesigaba sokushintshisana kwegas njengoba kukhombiswe ukungabi khona koshintsho kwabakuphatha ekukhuleni kwesikhala somoya we-alveolar noma engxenyeni yesigaba sokushintshisana kwegas eyayiyisikhala somoya esipotenshiyali.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi emazingeni asebenzayo emitholampilo, i-EGF isheshisa kakhulu ukuvuthwa kwamaseli e-alveolar uhlobo lwesibili, kanti i-betamethasone ayikwenzi lokho.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-091", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Dravet syndrome (DS) iyisifo esibucayi sokuqhuma kwezinsuku zokufika ebuntwaneni okuvame ukubangelwa izinguquko zegene leziteshi zamandla i-SCN1A. Iziguli ezine-DS zinengozi ephakeme yokufa okungachazeki okuqhushini (SUDEP), okukholakala kabanzi ukuthi kubangelwa izinhlelo zenhliziyo. Lapha sibonisa ukuthi iziguli ezine-DS zivame ukuba nokungasebenzi kahle kokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Isiguli esisodwa saba nokungaphefumuli kahle okubi futhi okusikhathi eside ngemuva kokuqhuma ngesikhathi sokubhekwa kwe-video EEG futhi safa kamuva ngenxa ye-SUDEP. Amagundane ane-Scn1aR1407X/+ uguquko lokulahleka komsebenzi abhekelwa futhi afa ngemuva kokuqhuma okuzenzekele kanye nokubangelwa ukushisa ngenxa yokuphela kokuphefumula okulandelwa ukushaya kancane kwenhliziyo okuthuthukayo. Ukufa kwakungavinjelwa ngomshini wokuphefumula emva kokuqhuma okubangelwe ukushisa okuphakeme noma ugesi omkhulu. Iziphikisi zokwamukela i-muscarinic aziwuvinjelanga umshayelo obuthakathaka wenhliziyo noma ukufa uma zinikwe ngezinga elikhethekayo lokuvimba i-parasympathetic ephezulu, kodwa ukuma kokuphefumula, umshayelo obuthakathaka wenhliziyo, kanye nokufa kwavinjwa yizidakamizwa ezifanayo ezinikezwe ngamazinga aphezulu ngokwanele ukweqa isithiyo segazi-bongizinhlamvu. Uma kunikezwe ngokuthelwa kwe-intracerebroventricular ngesisindo esiphansi kakhulu, isiphikisi sokwamukela i-muscarinic savinjelwa ukuma kokuphefumula, umshayelo obuthakathaka wenhliziyo, kanye nokufa.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-SUDEP ezigulini ezine-DS ingabangelwa ukuma komoya okuvela engqondweni ngqangi, okungabangela i-bradycardia, okungahle kube ngenxa yomphumela oqondile we-hypoxemia kumisipha yenhliziyo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-092", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP) iyisifo esihlobene ngokwezofuzo negenetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder eqondene nokwanda kokugwinyeka kwezicubu ezingezansi. Indawo ye-SPG4 ku-2p21-p22 ithatha 40-50% yazo zonke izihlobo ze-AD-HSP. Ijini le-SPG4 ibonwe kamuva nje. Ivela yonke indawo kumathishu abantu abadala nabasathuthuka futhi yakha i-spastin, i-ATPase yomndeni we-AAA. Manje sesibonile ukuguquka okune okusha kwe-SPG4 emindenini yaseJalimane ene-AD-HSP, kumbandakanya umndeni omkhulu okuthiwa unokwanda kwesifo. Izinguquko zibandakanya ukushintsha kwesisekelo esisodwa (frame-shift mutation) kanye nokushintsha kwemisindo eyodwa (missense mutation), zombili zithinta i-Walker motif B. Ezinye izinguquko ezimbili zithinta izindawo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa (donor splice sites) kwi-intron 12 kanye ne-16, ngokulandelana. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-RT-PCR kwalezi zinguquko zombili ezindaweni zokuhlanganisa kwaveza ukweqiwa kwe-exon nokuncishiswa kokuzinza kokuhlanganiswa okungaqondile kwe-mRNA ye-SPG4. Zonke izinguquko kulindeleke ukuthi zibangele ukulahleka kwesakhiwo somsebenzi wephrotheni.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-AD-HSP ibangelwa ukuphela komsebenzi ngenxa yezinguquko ku-SPG4.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-093", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Joubert syndrome (JBTS) iwukuhleleka okuyinhloko okuqhamuka ngokuthuthukiswa okubizwa nge-autosomal-recessive, okubonakala ngokungahlangani kahle kwezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho, i-oculomotor apraxia, ukuphefumula okungalungile, ukuhluleka ekuthuthukeni, kanye ne-ataxia. I-JBTS iwukuhleleka kwe-ciliopathy okuhlanganisa amaphethini amaningi wofuzo. Safuna ukuchaza isimo sofuzo esihambisana ne-JBTS kubantu base-French Canadian (FC). Safunda abantu abangama-43 base-FC abane-JBTS abavela emindenini engama-35 ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlola i-targeted kanye ne-exome. Sathole ukuguquka kwamajini okuyingozi (imindeni engama-32) noma ukuguquka okungaba yingozi (imindeni engama-2) kumajini ahambisana ne-JBTS kubo bonke laba bantu, ngaphandle koyedwa. Kulowo, sathola ukuguquka kwe-homozygous splice-site (c.735+2T>C) ku-CEP104. Kuyathakazelisa, sathole abanye abantu ababili abane-JBTS okungabantu base-FC abanemithelela ku-CEP104; omunye walaba bantu unomthelela wokunganakwa okuthola komama (c.496C>T [p.Arg166*]) kanye nomthelela we-splice-site wokuthuthuka kabusha (c.2572-2A>G), kanti omunye unomthelela we-homozygous frameshift (c.1328_1329insT [p.Tyr444fs*3]) ku-CEP104. Ucwaningo olwedlule lukhombise ukuthi i-CEP104 ihamba isuka ku-mother centriole iye ekugcineni kwe-primary cilium ngesikhathi se-ciliogenesis. Ukuncipha kwe-CEP104 emasosheni e-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE1) kuholele ekungasebenzi kahle kwenqubo ye-ciliogenesis. Lokhu kucwaninga kukhombisa ukuthi i-CEP104 isebenza kusaqala inqubo yokwakheka kwe-cilia ngokuqondisa ukuguquka kwe-mother centriole ibe yi-cilia basal body.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-FC JBTS ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ku-CEP104.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-094", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzinguquko ne-polymorphisms kusayensi ye-RET gene ziyimbangela enkulu yesifo se-Hirschsprung (HSCR). Ngokwethiyori, bonke iziguli ezinempumela eyingxube (heterozygous) ezinesifo esisha esidalwa yimfuzo kufanele zibe nabazali abanesimo semfuzo exubile (genetic mosaicism) ezingeni elithile. Kodwa-ke, akukaze kubikwe ngesimo semfuzo exubile kwi-RET gene kusifo se-HSCR kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, sihlaziye imindeni enezinguquko ku-RET gene ukuthola isimo semfuzo exubile kubazali beziguli. Amasampula egazi athathwa ezigulini ezine-HSCR kanye nemindeni/nabazali bazo ukuhlaziya i-RET coding region. Emkhatsini wemindeni eyi-125 ene-HSCR, imindeni engama-33 enezinguquko zokuguquka kwe-RET yahlaziywa. Kumndeni oyedwa, sithole inguquko ye-frameshift ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okukodwa ohlelweni lwe-cytosines ezine kwi-codon 117/118 ye-RET gene (c.352delC) okuholela kwinguquko ye-frameshift eprothenini (p.Leu118Cysfs*105) eyathinta abantwana ababili bendlu eyodwa. Kusampula legazi likayise ongenaso isifo sithole isimo semfuzo exubile saloluguquko, okwaqinisekiswa kumasampula amabili azimele amathe nezimpande zezinwele. Ukubalwa kwezinga lokuphakami kwe-peak nokusiqhathanisa nezinhlanganisela ezahlukene ze-DNA ye-plasmid ejwayelekile neshintshiwe kukhombisa ukuthi inguquko yenzeka esimweni sasenduleleni sika-morula sesungulwayo, phakathi kwezigaba ezine nezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zamaseli.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, sithole ukuguquka kombhobho wefreymu (frameshift mutation) egenini ye-RET okwabangela i-HSCR kubazali bakhe.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-095", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmamiRNA (miRNAs) abandakanyeka ekuqhubekeni nasekuvalweni kwezifo ezahlukene ngokuvimbela ukuhunyushwa kwama-mRNA okuhlosiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwebhayojenisisi yemiRNA kuholela ezisweni eziningana. I-nuclear factor 90 (NF90)-NF45 complex yaziwa njengomsebenzi ongemuhle emiRNA biogenesis. Lapha, sikhombise ukuthi izilwane ezinalomklamo wofuzo we-NF90-NF45 double-transgenic (dbTg) zithuthukisa ukukhinyabeza kwezicubu zemisipha kanye namafayibha ezicubu emisipha yasentendeni ngesikhathi sobudala. Ngemuva kwalokho, sithole ukuthi amazinga amamiRNA emisipha, kumbandakanya imiRNA 133a (miR-133a), ekhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezicubu zemisipha, behlile kakhulu kwimisipha yezilwane ze-NF90-NF45 dbTg uma kuqhathaniswa nalowo wezilwane zohlobo lwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, amazinga emibhalo yokuqala yama-miRNA (pri-miRNAs) ayephakeme ngokucacile kwizilwane ze-NF90-NF45 dbTg. Lo mphumela ukhombise ukuthi i-NF90-NF45 complex icindezele ukukhiqizwa kwemiRNA ngokuvimba ukucutshungulwa kwe-pri-miRNAs. Lokhu kutholakele kusekelwe yiqiniso lokuthi ukucutshungulwa kwe-pri-miRNA 133a-1 (pri-miR-133a-1) kuvinjwe ngokubophezelwa kwe-NF90-NF45 kwi-pri-miRNA. Okokugcina, izinga le-dynamin 2, ijini elibangelayo ye-centronuclear myopathy futhi ngokufanayo okuhlosiwe kwe-miR-133a, linyukile kwizicubu zemisipha yezilwane ze-NF90-NF45 dbTg.\n\nHypothesis:\nUma kubekwa ndawonye, siphetha ngokuthi i-myopathy complex ikhuthaza i-centronuclear NF90-NF45 ngokukhulisa ukubonakalisa kwe-dynamin 2 ngenxa yokuphunguka kokubonakalisa kwe-miR-133a okubangelwa yi-myopathy kwezinga le-in vivo.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-096", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-pulmonary hypertension (PH) ebesekhona ngaphambili ihambisana nemiphumela emibi ngemuva kokuthungela i-surgical mitral valve ukuze kulungiswe i-functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Kodwa-ke, umthelela wayo kwezokwelapha i-MitraClip awukaziwa. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakungukuhlola umthelela we-PH ebesekhona ngaphambili ekwelapheni i-MitraClip kwiziguli ezine-FMR. Kwafundwa iziguli ezingu-91 ezilandelanayo ezine-FMR futhi ezenzela inqubo ye-MitraClip. Zahlukaniswa zamaqembu amabili ngokususela kwi-pulmonary artery systolic pressure: iqembu le-PH (n = 48) neqembu elingenayo i-PH (n = 43). I-PH yachazwa njenge-pulmonary artery systolic pressure engaphezu kuka-50 mm Hg kusetshenziswa i-Doppler echocardiography. Impumelelo yenqubo (echazwe njengokuphungulwa kwe-magnetic resonance kufike ku-grade 2+ noma ngaphansi) kanye nokufa kuzinsuku ezingu-30 kwakufana kumaqembu womabili. Ezinyangeni ezingu-12, i-New York Heart Association functional class yayisithuthukile yafika ku-class I noma II kuningi lweziguli ezinePH (kusuka ku-2.9% kuya ku-94.3%) nezingenayo i-PH (kusuka ku-9.4% kuya ku-96.9%). I-mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure yeqembu le-PH yehlile kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kodwa yahlala iphakeme kuneyeqembu elingenayo i-PH (50.8 ± 15.3 vs 36.7 ± 11.6 mm Hg, p <0.001). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esiyimean engama-25.0 ± 16.9 wezinyanga sokulandela, i-Kaplan-Meier analysis yabonisa ukufa ngazo zonke izizathu okuphakeme kakhulu eqenjini le-PH. Kwi-Cox regression analysis, i-PH yayingumbikazeli onamandla kakhulu wokufa ngazo zonke izizathu (i-hazard ratio 3.731, 95% confidence interval 1.653 kuya ku-8.475, p = 0.002).\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukwelashwa kwe-MitraClip kwanciphisa i-FMR futhi kwanqanda izimpawu zokugula kwaphinde kwaba nempilo enhle eqaleni kuwo wonke amaqembu ane-PH nalawo angena-PH.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-097", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuze kucaciswe kabanzi ubunjalo begciwane i-Lyme carditis, ucwaningo lwezici zokusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nokuthathwa kwesampula somdlandla wenhliziyo kwenziwa esigulini esinalesifo i-Lyme, lapho uphawu olubalulekile lwenhliziyo kwakunguphazamiseko webhulokhi ye-atrioventricular yezinga eliphezulu. Ukurekhodwa kwaphakathi enhliziyweni kukhombise ibhulokhi ye-supra-Hisian kanye nokuswela okuphelele kohlelo lokuphunyula. Ukuskena nge-Gallium 67 kukhombise ukukhishwa kwenhliziyo, futhi isampula somdlandla wenhliziyo wengxenye yokudla yeventrikhula sakhombisa isifo somdlandla wenhliziyo esiphilayo se-lymphocytic. Isakhiwo esihambisana nesidalwa se-spirochetal saboniswa kusampula elilodwa lebhayophisi.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi isifo se-Lyme singadala i-myocarditis esenziwa, njengoba kuphakanyiswa ukuhlolwa nge-gallium 67 futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kwe-endomyocardial biopsy.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-098", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nNoma izifo zemithambo ye-coronary kanye nesifo sokudlula kwezinkathi seso-gastroesophageal ziyizifo ezijwayelekile, okungenzeka ukuthi zibe khona ndawonye, akwaziwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwesisodwa kuyasithinta yini esinye. Senza ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwesibazi esofagusi, kuhambisana nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi, ijubane lenhliziyo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-elektrocardiographic eyizinhla ezingu-12, ezigulini ezingama-37, ezingama-25 ezine-coronary disease efakazelwe nge-angiography kanye nezingu-12 ezinemithambo ye-coronary ejwayelekile. Kwabaliwa okubizwa nge-rate-pressure product, okuyisibonisi somthwalo womsebenzi we-myocardial. Ezigulini ezinesifo se-coronary ezathuthuka ubuhlungu besifuba ngesikhathi kufakwa isibazi, i-rate-pressure product yenyuka isuka ku-10.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(3) (isilinganiso +/- SEM) ekuqaleni yaya ku-15.2 +/- 1.5 x 10(3) (p incane kunama-0.001), futhi iziguli ezingu-3 kwezingu-9 zabonisa ubufakazi be-electrocardiogram be-myocardial ischemia ehambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwisifo se-coronary, ama-64% eziguli ezinezimpawu ezingavamile noma ezingekho ze-reflux ngemilando yazo zabanezivivinyo ezinhle zokufakwa kwesibazi, futhi ama-56% eziguli ezinesifo se-coronary ezathuthuka ubuhlungu ngesikhathi kufakwa isibazi seso-esophageal zazingakwazi ukuhlukanisa lobo buhlungu ebuhlungwini bazo bama-angina ajwayelekile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi esifweni samajazi enhliziyo, ukugeleza kwesibabuli (futhi, kungenzeka, ukuhlanza kwesisu esihambisana nokunyuka kokudla) okubangela ubuhlungu besifuba kubangela ukunyuka kwemiphumela yokushaya nokucindezela futhi kungaholela ekuvalekeni kwemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-099", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nLolu cwaningo lwenziwa ukuze kuthungathwe ukuzwela kokwenza isithombe ngethallium uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlola i-ECG ekutholeni ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ngendlela engenabungozi emva kokufakwa kwe-ergonovine ngomlomo njengokunqanyuleziswa kwangempela kokubhekwa kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Iziguli ezingamashumi amathathu nambili ezinesifo semithambo yenhliziyo esingatheni kanye nobuhlungu besifuba zenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG eyizinhlobo ezingu-12, ukwenziwa kwesithombe ngethallium, kanye nokwenziwa kwesithombe semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo emva kokunikwa ama-mg angu-0.05, 0.1, 0.2, no-0.3 e-ergonovine enikwa emizuzwini emihlanu eyehlukanisiwe noma kuze kufike ubuhlungu besifuba. Emizuzwini emibili nanye emva kokuthola isikalo sokugcina se-ergonovine, imiliCurie engu-2.5 yethallium-201 yafakwa ngomlomo, kwase kubhalwa i-ECG yokugcina futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yenhliziyo okuyiphindayo. Phakathi kwemizuzu eyishumi emva kokufakwa kwethallium, kwenziwa isithombe ku-degree engu-40 nengu-70 kwebumeke lesokudla siqhube phambili futhi nokuhlola phambili. I-ECG, ucwaningo lwethallium, kanye nearteriogram yemithambo yenhliziyo zafundwa ngaphandle kokwazi futhi imiphumela yaqhathaniswa. I-ECG, i-angiogram, kanye nocwaningo lwethallium kwafundwa njengokufanele uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngokulandelana: ukunyuka kwengxenye ye-ST engaphezu noma elingana ne-mm engu-1, ukwehla, noma ukuphenduka kwe-T wave; ukuncipha kwesitsha okungaphezu kwama-50%; kanye nesici esisabhekwa sokungabi nemifutho kahle. Iziguli ezinhlanu zakhishwa ekuhlaziyeni ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-catheter, izifundo zethallium ezingasebenzi kahle, noma ukuphulwa kwemigomo. Kweziguli ezingu-27 ezifakiwe ukuhlaziywa, eziyisithupha zaba nobuhlungu besifuba, ezinhlanu zaba ne-angiogram eveza isifo, ezinhlanu zaba nocwaningo lwethallium oluveza isifo, kanti eyodwa yaba ne-ECG eveza isifo. Ukuzwela kwethallium uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlola kwe-ECG kwakuwu-80% uma kuqhathaniswa no-25%, kanye nokuqiniseka okuwu-92% uma kuqhathaniswa no-80%.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukuthwebula nge-thallium kwandisa kakhulu ukutholakala okungenalubhalo lwe-ergonovine-engenisa ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ECG ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunembeka.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-100", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuhlobana kwezimpawu (SX) nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuhlukumezeka kombhanyiso wenhliziyo (ARS) ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwamahora angu-24 (AM) kuye kwahlolwa eqenjini leziguli ezidluliselwe ngenxa yokuzizela noma ukuphelelwa umzimba. Iziguli ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili ezilandelanayo, eziminyaka engu-25 kuya ku-82, ezazinamadayari afanele emisebenzi kanye ne-SX, zifakiwe. Ama-ARS athathwa njengezinkulu kwaba i-ventricular ne-supraventricular ectopy ibanga 2, 3, no-4 (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Lown), ukuma kwe-sinus nokuvimba, ukuvimba kwe-atrioventricular, kanye nobushelelezi be-sinus obungaphansi noma obulingana no-40/umzuzu. Nakuba zonke iziguli zadluliselwa ngenxa yokuzizela kanye/noma ukuphelelwa umzimba, iziguli ezingu-41 kuphela (42%) ezaba nezimpawu zazo ngesikhathi sokuqopha. Ama-ARS ayeqoshiwe ku-63 (64%). Bekungekho mehluko obalulekile kwezibalo ekuveleleni noma ohlobeni lwe-ARS eqenjini elinezimpawu, kanye neqembu elingenazo izimpawu (x2 = 1.64). Kwabantu abangama-23 abanama-ARS amakhulu kanye nezimpawu eziqoshiwe, babili kuphela abanezimpawu ne-ARS ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.\n\nHypothesis:\nKuyaphethwa ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-SX akukhuphuli amathuba okuthi kube khona i-ARS enkulu ngenkathi yokukala i-AM yamahora angu-24.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-101", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkufunda ngendlela okushaqeka ngayo i-influenza kubaguli be-asthma, sibhekisise ngemuva i-FEV1 kusukela ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokugula kuya ezinsukwini eziyishumi emva kokuqala kokugula ezinganeni ezingama-20 ezine-asthma ezineminyaka eyi-8 kuya kwi-12 ezinemizwa yokuhefuzela ephathekayo. Ukutheleleka kwe-influenza kufakazelwe ukwenyuka okungenani ngokuphindwe kane ekubeni ama-titers e-serum complement fixation. Abaguli abayi-15 kwabayi-20 babe nokwehla kwe-FEV1 okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20 kusukela ekuqaleni phansi ngesikhathi sokugula okukhulu. I-FEV1 iqale ukwehla nokuqala kokugula kubaguli abayi-15 ngaphandle koyedwa onokwehla kwe-FEV1 ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Iqhubeke nokwehla ngosuku lwesibili, lapho ukwehla okulinganiselwe (+/- SD) kwe-FEV1 kufinyelele esicongweni, ngamaphesenti angu-30.3 +/- 10.9. Iqale ukuba ngcono ngosuku lwesithathu, futhi ibuyele ebudebudeni bemephuzo engu-10 phesenti ngosuku lwesikhombisa kuya kweleshumi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-asthma engeniswa yi-influenza ingaqhubeka nokuba nezinga elibi ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala zokugula futhi ingadinga okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ukuze iphile.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-102", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSikombisile ukuthi ukuvuswa kwe-proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) emiphinjeni kudala ukuzwela ngokwedlulele ezintweni eziphefumulwayo kanye ne-Ags ephefumulwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubeka umcabango wokuthi i-PAR(2) inomthelela ekuvezeni isifo sephepha (asthma). Izinto eziningi ezingama-aeroallergen ezine-proteinase activity zivusa i-PAR(2). Ukuze sicwaninge indima ye-PAR(2) ekuzweleni ngokwedlulele kuma-aeroallergen, senze imodeli yegundane yokuzwela ngaphansi kwemisebe yomkhaya kwama-protein e-cockroach. Sethemba ukuthi ukuvuswa kwe-PAR(2) emiphinjeni yizinto zemvelo ezidalela ukuzwela ezine-serine proteinase activity kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuzweleni ngokwedlulele. I-Cockroach extract (CE) yaphonswa kumamawundane ama-BALB/c ngaphakathi kwamakhala izinsuku ezinhlanu zilandelana (isigaba sokuzwela) bese kuthi emva kwesonto kuphinde kufakwe ezinye izinsuku ezine (isigaba sokuhlasela). Ukuphendula ngokweqile kwemithambo yomoya (AHR) kanye nokuphatheka kwemithambo yomoya yokuzwela ngokwedlulele kwakuhlolwa emva kokuhlasela kokugcina. Ukuze kucwaningwe indima ye-PAR(2), amawundane afakwa ngaphakathi kwamakhala i-receptor-blocking anti-PAR(2) Ab ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-CE ngasinye ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuzwela. Ukuvela kwesikhumba semisebe yokhaya kwe-CE kwadala ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya ye-eosinophilic, i-AHR, ne-cockroach-specific IgG1. I-CE eyakhiswe ukushisa noma eyalashwa nge-soybean trypsin inhibitor ayikwazanga ukudala lemiphumela, okukhombisa ukuthi i-proteinase activity idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-anti-PAR(2) blocking Ab ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuzwela kwavimba ngokuphelele ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya futhi kwehlisa ne-AHR kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-cockroach-specific IgG1. Ukuvuswa kwe-PAR(2) yi-CE kusebenza njenge-adjuvant yokuzwela ngokwedlulele ngisho nakungekho i-functional TLR4.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-vascular ikhuthaza ukuzwela kwezifo zomgudu womoya okuhlangene ne-PAR(2) kumodi yemosi eyisibonelo sesifuba somoya esiqubuka ngenxa yokuzwela.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-103", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkukhwehlela okwomile kuyinto evamile enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-ACE inhibitor (ACEI). Ukukhiqizwa kwe-NO, into ekhuthaza ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba samaphaphu, kuyanda ngenxa ye-ACEI. Ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo oluhleliwe, olufihlekile kabili, olulawulwa ngeplasebo, sahlola umqondo wokuthi ukwengeza insimbi, into evimba i-NO synthase, ingase inciphise ukukhwehlela okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ACEI. Ababambiqhaza babengabantu abangu-19 ababe thuthukise ukukhwehlela okwakubangelwe yi-ACEI. Emva kwesikhathi sokubhekisisa esingamaviki amabili, bahlukaniswa ngokungahleliwe ukuthola isibalo sansuku zonke ekuseni se-256-mg seferrous sulfate njengesibambiso noma iplasebo isikhathi sokwelashwa esingamaviki ane-4. Ababambiqhaza bacelwa ukuthi bagcwalise idayari yokukhwehlela ngokunika inombolo ubunzima bansuku zonke bokukhwehlela kusikali esisuka ku-0 kuya ku-4. Izikali zokukhwehlela zansuku zonke ezisesilinganisweni seviki lokugcina lokubhekisa nesikhathi sokwelashwa zaqhathaniswa. Izinguquko ekubalweni kwamaseli egazi kanye nensimbi yeserum kanye nokuqoqeka kweferritin phakathi kwezikhathi ezimbili zahlolwa. Izikali zokukhwehlela zansuku zonke ezisesilinganisweni ngesikhathi sokubhekisa nesikhathi sokwelashwa zazingu-3.07+/-0.70 kanye no-1.69+/-1.10, ngokulandelana, kweqembu lensimbi kanye no-2.57+/-0.80 kanye no-2.35+/-1.22, ngokulandelana, kweqembu leplasebo, okukhombisa ukunciphisa okubalulekile ezikalini zokukhwehlela nokwengeziwe kwensimbi (P<0.01) kodwa hhayi ngeplasebo. Ababambiqhaza abathathu eqenjini lensimbi bakhombisa ukushabalala okuphelele kokukhwehlela. Azibonwanga izinguquko ezibalulekile kwidatha yaselabhorethri kunanoma yiliphi iqembu.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukuthatha izinyangezelo zensimbi kuphumelela ekwehliseni ukukhwehlela okubangelwa yi-ACEI.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-104", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuvuvukala kwemithambo yokuphefumula okubangelwa yi-virus enqubayo ye-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ivame ukuhambisana nezimpawu zokuphefumula eziqhubekayo ngemuva kokulaliswa esibhedlela. Kuze kube manje, akukho silinganiso esihlolwe ngokufanele ukuhlola izimpawu ze-bronchiolitis ebangelwa yi-RSV. Sibika ngokungatshwantshwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokuphendula kwedayari yomgcini we-bronchiolitis (BCD) yezimpawu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezempilo okuhambisana ne-RSV enqubayo. I-BCD ilinganisa izimpawu ezine (ukukhwehlela emini, ukubhavumula, ukuba nenkinga yokuphefumula, kanye nokukhwehlela ebusuku), ukusetshenziswa kwezempilo, kanye nemithi yokusiza ekubeni kubi kwezimpawu zamaphaphu. Idatha evela esikhathini sokwelashwa kwamaviki ama-4 ocwaningo olubikelwe, olulawulwa ngenziwa-sengathi lokwelashwa nge-montelukast yokwelashwa kwe-RSV enqubayo lwasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthembeka (ukungaguquki kwangaphakathi kanye nokuhlola futhi), ukusebenza kokwakha (ukuhlobana kwesiqephu nokuqhubekayo), ukusebenza kokuhlukanisa (izinhlelo ezaziwa zamaqembu), kanye nokuphendula. Umphumela osemqoka walolu cwaningo kwakuyishumi ekhulwini lezinsuku ezingenazimpawu (SFD). Umphumela wesibili kwakuyisikali esixubile sezimpawu (CSS; isilinganiso sokukhwehlela emini, ukubhavumula, kanye nenkinga yokuphefumula). I-alpha ka-Cronbach engama-0.85 ikhombise ukuthi izimpawu ezine zazingaguquki ngaphakathi, okusekela ukwakheka kwesikali esisodwa. Ukuhlolwa futhi kokwethembeka kweshumi ekhulwini le-SFD ne-CSS kwakungaphezulu kwephuzu eliphakanyisiwe lika-0.70. Ukuhlobana kwesiqephu nokuqhubekayo kwakukhulu futhi kubalulekile ngokwezibalo, okukhombisa ukusebenza kokwakha. Umehluko wamaQembu aziwa ophakanyisiwe wawubalulekile ngokwezibalo ngendlela efanele. Izinhlelo zokuphendula zikhombise izisindo ezimaphakathi zegalelo leshumi ekhulwini le-SFD.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengokuphetha, i-BCD inikeza ithuluzi elifanele, elithembekile nelikhombisa ukusebenza okubonakalayo ekuhlolweni kwezimpawu ezibangwa yi-bronchiolitis eyenziwa yi-RSV esemuva kwesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifo, elikwazi ukukala izinga elilingene lokusebenza, nokubonisa ukusebenza ekwelashweni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-105", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuhleleleka kwangaphakathi kwendlela yomoya kuyinto eyaziwayo yesifo se-asthma. Izimbangela zalo aziqondisiseki kahle, kodwa enye yezinto esingasho ukuthi inamandla wukuguquka nokuhlaselwa ngobukhulu (transforming growth factor-beta 1) (TGF-beta 1). Silinganisile izinga le-TGF-beta 1 enezimpawu zokuveza izimpendulo kwi-bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid esuka kubantu abane-atopic asthma abagulayo abasesimweni esisimeme kanye nabantu abangenayo i-asthma abaphile kahle. Futhi sihlolile umthelela wokuvela kwi-allergen ekukhululweni kwe-TGF-beta 1 ezindleleni zomoya kusetshenziswa imodeli ye-segmental bronchoprovocation, ne-BAL eyenziwe ezikhathini ezimbili kulandela izivivinyo ze-endobronchial allergen kanye nezitshengisa izinga lesiwasho se-saline. Amazinga okuqala e-TGF-beta 1 abekade ephakeme kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma kunalabo abayizimpawu zokulawula (okulinganiselwa ku-8.0 kuya ku-5.5 pg/ml, p = 0.027). Emva kwe-segmental bronchoprovocation, amazinga e-TGF-beta 1 ezindaweni ezivivinywe nge-allergen kanye nesiwasho se-saline ayengahlukahlukene kakhulu emva kwemizuzu eyi-10, (31.3 kuya ku-25.0 pg/ml, p = 0.78), kodwa emva kwamahora angama-24 kube nezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-TGF-beta 1 ezindaweni ezivavinywe nge-allergen (46.0 kuya ku-21.5 pg/ml, p = 0.017).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi amazinga ama-asthma 1 angasisekelo emaphayiphini omoya aphakeme kwi-atopic TGF-beta nokuthi lamazinga aqhubeka nokwenyuka ngenxa yokuvezwa kuma-allergen.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-106", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nSike sakuveza ngaphambilini ezimvuni ukuthi ukukhinyabezeka kwemithambo yegazi ephashini kuyehla ngokushesha emuva kokuqala kokuzivocavoca okuqhubekayo, kulandele ukuvuleka kwesibili kwemithambo yegazi okuholela ekwehleni okuncane nokuphuzayo. Isigaba sesibili silawulwa ngokuyingxenye yokusebenza kwe-alpha kanye ne-beta-adrenoceptor. Sibhekisise umthelela we-nitric oxide (NO; 40 ppm) ehogelwayo kanye ne-nitroglycerin engeniswa ngomthambo ukuvimba ukubamba kwemithambo emaphashini okubangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwe-beta-adrenergic ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Ezifundweni ezihambisanayo, sazivocavoca izimvu eziyisishiyagalombili ngesivinini esilinganayo esingu-4 miles ngehora imizuzu emi-4 esishicilelweni sokunyathela kwaze kwabonakala ukuphendula kwemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi sokuvimbela i-beta (propranolol, 1 mg i.v.) noma kungekho 40 ppm ye-NO ehogelwayo noma ukuchelelwa okungapheli kwe-nitroglycerin (3.2-4.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Ukuvimba i-beta kwaholela ekukhinyabezekeni okukhulu kwemithambo yegazi ephashini ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okuqhubekayo (40-240 s) kunasesimweni esingavinjwanga; ukwehliswa kokukhinyabezeka kwemithambo yegazi ephashini ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibili sokuzivocavoca kwakuncane ngokuvimba i-beta (13-16%) kunangokuzivocavoca ngenkathi ingavinjelwanga (26-30%). I-NO ehogelwayo kanye ne-nitroglycerin kwaphendula ukuvimba i-beta okuhlobene nokubamba kwemithambo yegazi amaphashini ukuya emazingeni okuvocavoca okungavinjeliwe. I-NO ehogelwayo kanye ne-nitroglycerin engeniswa emithanjeni yegazi kwaphindisa futhi ukubamba kwemithambo yegazi ephashini okwakhiqizwa yi-phenylephrine engeniswa emithanjeni yegazi ngesikhathi sokuphumula.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-apigenin engaphandle, enikezwa ngokuphefumulwa kwegesi noma ngezakhiwo ze-nitroso, iphikisana futhi iguqula ngokuphelele ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emaphashini okubangelwa yi-alpha-receptor ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ezimvini.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-107", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzindawo zokusebenza kwama-nitric oxide (NO) endalo kanye nalawo aphefumulelwayo ziqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emaphashini ngenxa yokusweleka komoya. Amaphaphu ezikati ezingu-21 ezindala anishelwe ngegazi lazo ezimeni zesigaba-3. Amandla engcindezi emithanjeni ecishe ibe ngamakhapilari akalwe ngobuchwepheshe bokuvala kabili futhi ingcindezi emithanjeni emincane yegazi engu 70-100 microns ngobunzima yakalwa ngobuchwepheshe be-servo-null micropuncture, zombili ngesikhathi sinomoya owanele (FiO2= 0.3) nangesikhathi kusweleka umoya (FiO2= 0.02). Imiphumela ye-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg), isivimbelisi se-NO synthase, kanye ne-NO ephefunyelwayo (5-100 ppm) nayo yakalwa. I-PO2yemiphumelaphambili yehlile kusuka ku-187.6 +/- 5.3 mmHg ngesikhathi kunomoya owanele kuya ku-25.7 +/- 1.3 mmHg ngesikhathi kusweleka umoya, futhi yehla kakhulu yaya ku-20.8 +/- 2.2 mmHg ngesikhathi kusweleka umoya kanye nama-50 ppm NO (p < 0.05, uma kuqhathaniswa nokungabi namoya kuphela). Ukwenyuka engcindezelweni emithanjeni yegazi sasemaphashini ukuphendula ekuswelekeni komoya kwakungama-4.8 +/- 1.0 cmH2O kanye nama-9.1 +/- 1.4 cmH2O emaphashini angalashwanga kanye nalashelwe nge-L-NAME, ngokulandelana (p < 0.05). I-L-NAME yandisa kakhulu ukuciciyela ngenxa yokungabi namoya esigabeni semithambo enengilazi. Ubuningi be-NO ephefunyelwayo banda kusuka ku-13 +/- 4 ppb ngesikhathi sinomoya owanele kuya ku-18 +/- 4 ppb ngesikhathi kusweleka umoya (p < 0.1). I-NO ephefunyelwayo yehlisa kungabi kuphela ingcindezi kumthambo omkhulu wegazi ophuma enhliziyweni kodwa nengcindezi yemithambo ecishe ibe ngamakhapilari ngendlela eyencike ekujuleni, okunciphisa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emaphashini ngenxa yokusweleka komoya. Imithambo yegazi yaphuma emaphashini yayinezinga elikhulu lokuzwela ku-NO ephefunyelwayo kunaleyo engena emaphashini. I-NO ephefunyelwayo (50 ppm) ivule imithambo encane kunama-70 ukuya kuma-100 microns ngobungako, ngo-39% (p < 0.05), futhi yavula imithambo yegazi ephuma emaphashini engaphezu kwama-100 microns ngobungako ngo-26% (p < 0.05), kodwa ayizange ivule imithambo yegazi engena emaphashini engaphezu kwama-100 microns ngobungako ngokwanele (11%). I-NO ephefunyelwayo ayizange ishintshe ngokwanele isilinganiso sesikulikhilo esingamanzi nesilinganiso sesikulikhilo esomile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi kokubili i-NO yomzimba kanye ne-NO ehogelwayo kunciphisa ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emaphashini ngenxa yokwentuleka komoya, kanye nokukhula okubalulekile kwemithambo yegazi eliphuma emaphashini.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-108", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nEmazweni aseNtshonalanga, isifo senhliziyo siwumbangela omkhulu wokufa kwomama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umthelela wokukhulelwa enhliziyweni kunzima ukuwufunda ezigulini ezinesifo senhliziyo esivele sikhona. Njengoba ucwaningo lokuhlola lungekho kangako, sicwaninge umthelela wokweqiswa kwengcindezi, okudalwe ukucindezelwa kwe-aortic transverse (TAC) emadotsheni, emandleni wokuthola, imiphumela yokukhulelwa, kanye nempilo yenhliziyo yomama. Amasonto amane e-TAC adale ukukhula kwe-ventricular yasekhohlo (LV) kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwayo nokukhula kwe-fibrosis ehlukaniselwe, ukwehla kwedensithi yekapilari, kanye nokuvela kwezimpawu zegene yenhliziyo ephathologikhali. Ukukhulelwa kwandise isisindo se-LV kanye ne-ventricular yokudla ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuthinta ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-LV ngemuva kwe-TAC. Okumangalisayo, ukwanda kwe-TAC esisindisweni senhliziyo kanye namaphaphu kwancishiswa ukukhulelwa, lokhu kwakuhambisana nesimo esikhombisa ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile sedensithi yekapilari kanye nokuvakaliswa kwe-natriuretic peptide uhlobo A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kokukhulelwa kanye ne-TAC kwandisa i-phosphorylation yamakhemikhali enhliziyweni ebizwa nge-c-Jun, kanye ne-STAT1, kodwa kwanciphisa i-phosphoinositide 3-kinase phosphorylation. Ekugcineni, i-TAC ayibangelanga ushintsho olukhulu ezingeni lokukhulelwa, ubude bokukhulelwa, usayizi wesibelethelo, ubukhulu bezinyane, kanye nesivinini samazinyane.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, sithole ukuthi, esikhundleni sokwandisa izinguquko ezihambisana nokweqela umfutho enhliziyweni, ukukhulelwa kwakususa kancane ukuhleleka kabusha kwe-LV okuyinhloso futhi kwanciphisa ukucinana kwamaphaphu, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-TAC okuyinhloso ngokuvezwa kwejini, okukhombisa umphumela omuhle wokukhulelwa enhliziyweni esindweni elikhulu lomfutho.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-109", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nNakuba i-nitric oxide (NO) yangaphakathi ilungisa umoya oyisisekelo emisikeni yemithambo yomopho yengungu kanye nemithambo yomzimba, kukhona ulwazi oluncane mayelana nendima yayo ekulawuleni umoya we-ductus arteriosus (DA). Ukuhlolwa kwe-immunostaining kwesicubu se-DA samazinyane emva kwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kuveze ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwe-endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) ku-endothelium ye-DA. Ukuze sifunde indima ye-physiological ye-NO kanye ne-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) ohlweni lwe-DA phakathi kokuphila, sikalwe imiphumela ye-hemodynamic ye-NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 30 mg), isivinini se-NOS, i-methylene blue (40 mg), isivinini se-guanylate cyclase, kanye ne-indomethacin (0.8 mg), isivinini se-cyclooxygenase, kumazinyane ayi-10 alungiselelwe isikhathi eside emva kwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. I-L-NNA yenyuse umthambo omkhulu wemiphumela (MPA) kanye ne-aortic pressure (P < 0.05 vs. sisekelo) kodwa ayizange iguqule umkhawulo wengcindezi phakathi kwe-MPA ne-aorta. I-L-NNA yabangela ukwehla okuncane ekuhambeni kwe-DA kanye nokwenyuka okuncane ekunyukeni phezu kwe-DA. I-Methylene blue yenyusa kokubili ingcindezi ye-MPA kanye nomkhawulo wengcindezi phakathi kwe-MPA ne-aorta kusukela ku-0.3 +/- 0.2 (sisekelo) ukuya ku-7.0 +/- 2.7 mmHg (P < 0.05). I-Indomethacin yenyusa kokubili ingcindezi ye-MPA kanye nomkhawulo wengcindezi phakathi kwe-MPA ne-aorta kusukela ku-1.1 +/- 0.4 (sisekelo) ukuya ku-6.3 +/- 1.5 mmHg (P < 0.05) emva kwemizuzu engama-40. I-Indomethacin yehlise ukuhamba kwe-DA futhi yenyuse ukumelana kwe-DA.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-eNOS itholakala emasosheni amancane omthambo we-DA womfutho ezingeni lombungu, nokuthi ukuvikelwa kwe-NOS kubangela ukuvaleka kwe-DA emzimbeni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-110", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKumthambo wemiphaphapha okhishwe kumagundane anesifo sokungaphefumuli kahle esibangwe yisonto elilodwa lokuntuleka komoya, ukukhiqizwa kwe-NO yendawo engaphakathi ekhuthazwe yi-carbachol kwehlile kakhulu ekuboneni kokulungiswa esisetshenziselwa i-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate kanti futhi nakulokhu okumumethe i-cGMP. Lolu shintsho kwalandelwa ukwehla ekukhululekeni okuncike endaweni engaphakathi okubangelwa i-carbachol. Ukuvezwa kwamaphrotheni e-endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) namaphrotheni ayo alawulayo, i-caveolin-1 ne-heat shock protein 90, akuzange kushintshwe emthanjeni wemiphaphapha ongaphefumuli kahle, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuntuleka komoya kwesikhathi eside kuvimba umsebenzi we-eNOS ezingeni elilandela ukuhunyushwa. Emthanjeni wemiphaphapha ongaphefumuli kahle, ukwanda kwezinga le-Ca(2+) ngaphakathi ekugoqeni okukhuthazwe yi-carbachol kodwa hhayi yi-ionomycin kwancipha. Sagxila oshintshweni ekuzothezisweni kwe-Ca(2+) ohlelweni lokuqaliswa kwe-eNOS. Ucwaningo lokuma luveze ukuncipshana kwesisisi zendawo engaphakathi nokucindezela okusekupheleni kwe-eNOS kumadlomela angaphefumuli kahle okuphinda kugcinwe ukuma ndawonye phakathi kwe-eNOS ne-Golgi noma imimbrane yezisisi. Nokho, i-eNOS yayihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ne-caveolin-1, futhi yayihlukaniswe ne-heat shock protein 90 noma i-calmodulin emthanjeni wemiphaphapha ongaphefumuli kahle noma bukhona noma bungekho i-carbachol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphosforiliwa kwe-eNOS Ser(1177) ezimweni zombili kwancipha kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthinta ukuphosforiliwa kwe-Akt emthanjeni ongaphefumuli kahle.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, ukwentuleka okugulisayo komoya kuyaphazamisa imethabholizimu ye-Ca (2+) endotheliyali kanye nokuxhumana okujwayelekile phakathi kwe-eNOS ne-caveolin-1 okuholele ekungasebenzini kwe-eNOS.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-111", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Tobramycin, i-antibhayothikhi ye-aminoglycoside, isetshenziselwa ukwelaphwa kwezifo ze-Pseudomonas aeruginosa eziguleni ezine-cystic fibrosis. Kodwa-ke, i-bioactivity ye-tobramycin iphikiswa yi-sputum. Ama-Glycoproteins (mucins) kanye ne-DNA enesisindo esiphezulu senza u-2 kuya ku-3% (P. L. Masson kanye no-J. F. Heremans, p. 412-475, Ku M. J. Dulfano, ed., Sputum: Fundamentals and Clinical Pathology, 1973) kanye no-3 kuya ku-10% (W. S. Chernick kanye no-G. J. Barbero, Pediatrics 24:739-745, 1959, kanye no-R. Picot, I. Das, kanye no-L. Reid, Thorax 33:235-242, 1978) wesisindo esomile se-sputum, ngokulandelana. I-tobramycin iboshwa kokubili i-mucins kanye ne-DNA etholakala ku-sputum (R. Ramphal, M. Lhermitte, M. Filliat, kanye no-P. Roussel, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 22:483-490, 1988). Ku-in vitro, i-recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) ihlakaza i-DNA enesisindo esiphezulu esingu-> 50 kb ngaphakathi kwe-sputum ibe yizicucu ezingu-2 kuya ku-4 kb. Sifunda i-tobramycin engadayalizwa, sibheke ukuboshwa kwemithi ku-sputum ephelele kanye \"nakwi-mock sputum,\" equkethe i-porcine gastric mucin kanye ne-calf thymus DNA. Siphinde safunda nemiphumela yokwelashwa kwe-rhDNase ku-sputum, i-mock sputum, kanye ne-calf thymus DNA ekuboshweni kwe-tobramycin. Sithole ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-sputum, i-mock sputum, kanye ne-calf thymus DNA nge-rhDNase akuzange kwandise kakhulu i-bioactivity ye-tobramycin ngaphakathi kwama-dialysates; ngokumangalisayo, ukuboshwa kwe-sputum kwe-tobramycin kwanda ngenxa ye-rhDNase.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-rhDNase ayikhuphuli i-bioactivity ye-tobramycin ekhupheni.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-112", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) iyaqhubeka nokubangela izinkinga ezinkulu kubantu abathole izitho zomzimba zokuthutha. Yize ezinye izinhlelo zinikeza i-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) njengesivikeli emva kokuthutha izitho, ukuhlolwa okuphambili kokuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwe-TMP-SMX kubatholi bezinhliziyo zokuthutha akukaze kubikwe. Ngakho-ke sihlelele ngokucophelela abantu abangu-58 abathole izinhliziyo zokuthutha ukuthola i-TMP (160 mg)-SMX (800 mg) kabili ngosuku noma ezinsukwini ezintathu ngesonto (iqembu B), noma ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngesonto (iqembu C), noma ukungatholi ukwelashwa (iqembu A). Ukwelashwa kuqale ezinsukwini eziyi-14 emva kokuthutha futhi kwaqhubeka izinyanga ezine. Iminyaka, ubulili, izifo zamaphaphu ezikhona kakade kanye nezinqubo zokwehlisa amasosha omzimba azange ahluke phakathi kwamaqembu. Kubantu abayi-17 eqenjini lokulawula (A), abayi-7 bakhombise izimpawu ezihambisana ne-PCP, nesifo esiqinisekiswe ngokocwaningo lwe-bronchoalveolar lavage ngezinyanga ezine zokuqala emva kokuthutha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, akekho iziguli eqenjini lokwelashwa kwansuku zonke noma ngamazikhathi athile ezathola i-PCP ngesikhathi socwaningo (P < 0.005). Zombili izinga ze-TMP-SMX zabekeleka kahle, futhi ukumiswa kokwelashwa akulahlekanga kunanoma yisiphi isiguli. Isibalo samasosha amhlophe egazi, izinga le-azathioprine, kanye nenani lezenzakalo zokunqanda ezilashiwe ngomuntu azange ahluke phakathi kwamaqembu amathathu.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-TMP-SMX ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ukuvikela ukuvela kwe-P carinii pneumonia ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezine zokuqala ezilandela ukutshala inhliziyo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-113", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Mycophenolate mofetil [MMF, i-prodrug ye-mycophenolic acid (MPA)] ivame ukusetshenziswa ngamanani aphindwe kabili ne-cyclosporine kunakwe-tacrolimus ngoba kukholakala ukuthi ukuvela kwe-MPA kuphansi phakathi nokwelashwa kwe-cyclosporine. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuqhathanisa amahora angu-12, izinga eliqinile lesikhathi-isikhathi le-MPA kanye nama-metabolite ayo e-phenol- ne-acyl-glucuronide (MPAG no-AcMPAG, ngokulandelana) ezigulini ezisimeme zokuthutha izinso ezigcinwe nge-cyclosporine (n = 12) noma i-tacrolimus (n = 12). Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumunca eqenjini le-cyclosporine, amanani anqunyiwe okulinganiselwa kwenani eliphelele kanye ne-MPA ekhululekile aphakeme kakhulu kodwa indawo ephelele ngaphansi kwesikhathi-isikhathi (AUC0-12) ayizange ihluke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela ku-AcMPAG kwakuphakeme eqenjini le-cyclosporine (P < 0.05). Iziguli eziyishumi kweziyishumi nambili eqenjini le-cyclosporine zazisemthethweni wokwelashwa nge-ketoconazole; kodwa-ke, ukuvela ku-MPA noma i-MPAG akuzange kwehluke uma i-MMF inikwa ngomlomo kumagundane e-Sprague-Dawley anoma angena i-ketoconazole.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokuphetha, i-MPA ilawula ukuhleleka kwe-cyclosporine nemiphumela yayo ngendlela ehlukile kune-tacrolimus; kodwa-ke, iziguli ezisebenzisa i-MPA kungenzeka zingadingi izidakamizwa eziphindwe kabili ze-MMF ukuze zithole ukuvezwa okufanayo.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-114", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-CMV iwumkhiqizo ovamile wesifo kubamukeli bezitho eziqinile ezitshalelwe, futhi labo abathola ukutshalelwa kwamaphaphu babonakala bethinteka kaningi futhi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuvikela kwe-ganciclovir kungase sibe nomthelela ekuveleni kwesifo se-CMV kubamukeli bezitho eziqinile ezitshalelwe, sihlole ukusebenza kohlelo lokuvikela lwamaviki ayisithupha kubamukeli bokutshalelwa kwamaphaphu. Sahlola nokwazi kokwenyuka okuphindwe kane kwesikali se-antibody ye-CMV ukuhlinzeka ngokuthuthuka kwesifo se-CMV. Abamukeli abangamashumi amabili nanye abalandelanayo bokutshalelwa kwamaphaphu babhalisiwe: abangu-15 babe ne-antibody ye-CMV eyimpendulo enhle ngesikhathi sokutshalelwa, futhi abayisithupha bengenayo i-antibody ye-CMV eyimpendulo enhle futhi bathole ukutshalelwa kwamaphaphu kubadali abane-CMV eqinile. Isilinganiso +/- isilinganiso esimiselwe sokulandelela kwakuyizinsuku ezingu-430 +/- 157 (kubandakanya izinsuku ezingu-178-730, ubulungiswa bezinsuku ezingu-449). Uhlelo lwe-ganciclovir lwamaviki ayisithupha aluvimbelanga ukutheleleka kwe-CMV (okwenzeka kwiziguli ezingu-17/21, 81%) namkwa isifo se-CMV (esabonakala kwiziguli ezingu-8/21, 38%). Ukwenyuka okuphindwe kane kwesikali se-antibody ye-CMV kwaqala kuphela ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo se-CMV ezenzakalweni ezingu-3/13 (23%).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi uhlelo lwamaviki ayisithupha lokulashwa ngeganciclovir aluvimbeli ukutheleleka nge-CMV noma isifo kubantu abalashwe ngokutshala amaphaphu futhi nokwenyuka kwezinga lamagciwane elwa ne-CMV etholakala egazini ngokulandelana kuvame ukunganduleli ukuthuthuka kwesifo se-CMV.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-115", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nImpendulo yokuvuvuka emva kokuqalisa ukwelashwa nge-antibhayothikhi kanye namapharamitha omonakalo wama-neuronal aqhathaniswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngomthambo we-quinupristin/dalfopristin (100 mg/kg njengokufakwa kwesikhashana noma okuqhubekayo) kanye ne-ceftriaxone (10 mg/kg/h) esilingweni sokulingisa i-meningitis ye-Streptococcus pneumoniae kumagundane. Ngokusebenzisa zombili izindlela zokufakwa, i-quinupristin/dalfopristin beyibulala amagciwane ngokungaphansi kune-ceftriaxone. Kodwa-ke, ukuqoqeka kwezakhi zodonga lwamaseli ezibangela ukuvuvuka (lipoteichoic acid (LTA) kanye ne-teichoic acid (TA)) kanye nomsebenzi we-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) kuketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) bekuphansi kakhulu emaqenjini amabili e-quinupristin/dalfopristin kunasezimvini ezilashelwe nge-ceftriaxone. Amazinga asembindini e-LTA/TA (amaphesenti angama-25/75) ayenjena: (i) amahora angu-14 emva kokutheleleka: 133 (72/155) ng/mL ngokufakwa okuqhubekayo kwe-quinupristin/dalfopristin kanye nama-193 (91/308) ng/mL ngokufakwa okusingesikhashana, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-455 (274/2042) ng/mL e-ceftriaxone (P = 0.002 kanye no-0.02 ngokulandelana); (ii) amahora angu-17 emva kokutheleleka: 116 (60/368) ng/mL ngokufakwa okuqhubekayo kwe-quinupristin/dalfopristin kanye nama-117 (41/247) ng/mL ngokufakwa okusingesikhashana, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-694 (156/2173) ng/mL e-ceftriaxone (P = 0.04 kanye no-0.03 ngokulandelana). Amahora angu-14 emva kokutheleleka imisebenzi yombindini we-TNF (amaphesenti angama-25/75) yayingu-0.2 (0.1/1.9) U/mL ngokufakwa okuqhubekayo kwe-quinupristin/dalfopristin kanye no-0.1 (0.01/3.5) U/mL ngokufakwa okusingesikhashana, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-30 (4.6/180) U/mL e-ceftriaxone (P = 0.02 ukuqhathanisa ngakunye); amahora angu-17 emva kokutheleleka umsebenzi we-TNF ubungu-2.8 (0.2/11) U/mL (ukufakwa okuqhubekayo kwe-quinupristin/dalfopristin) kanye no-0.1 (0.04/6.1) U/mL (ukufakwa okusingesikhashana), uma kuqhathaniswa nama-48.6 (18/169) U/mL e-ceftriaxone (P = 0.002 kanye no-0.001). Ukuqoqeka kwe-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) amahora angu-24 emva kokutheleleka bekuphansi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezilashelwe nge-quinupristin/dalfopristin: 4.6 (3.3/5.7) microg/L (ukufakwa okuqhubekayo) kanye no-3.6 (2.9/4.7) microg/L (ukufakwa okusingesikhashana) kunakulawo alashelwe nge-ceftriaxone (17.7 (8.8/78.2) microg/L) (P = 0.03 kanye no-0.009 ngokulandelana).\n\nHypothesis:\nEkuphetheni, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics nge-quinupristin/dalfopristin endaweni engaphakathi komgogodla womunefomu kwanciphisa ukuvuvukala ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-116", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkusebenza kwe-STAT3 okuzimele ngokufosforileshini ye-tyrosine kwama-tyrosine kinases ashintshiwe noma andisiwe (pYSTAT3) kubalulekile ekuqaleni komdlavuza, ukuqhubeka, ukuhlasela, kanye nokunyakaza kwamaseli e-carcinoma. Sitshengise ukuthi i-AF1q ihlobene nokusebenza kwe-STAT3 emaselin omdlavuza webele. Kuma-model e-xenograft, ukukhuliswa kwe-AF1q kuvuse i-STAT3 futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula komdlavuza kanye nokusakazeka ezimpukwini ze-NSG ezingenayo i-immunodeficient. Isimo sokukhipha i-cytokine samaseli e-MDA-MB-231LN omdlavuza webele esine-AF1q eshintshiwe sibonise ushintsho ekubonakalisweni kwe-platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B). I-PDGF-B ekhuthazwe yi-AF1q ikhuthaze ukunyakaza, ukuhambelana, kanye nokuhlasela kwamaseli e-MDA-MB-231LN, futhi i-AF1q yenze ukwanda kwe-platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) ekuxhumaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuxhumaneni kwe-PDGFR eyenziwe yi-AF1q kukhulise ukusebenza kwe-STAT3 ngokusebenzisa ukuvuswa kwe-Src kinase, okungavinjelwa ngomvimbi we-Src kinase i-PP1. Phezu kwalokho, i-AF1q yenze ukuthi kukhule ukusebenza kwe-tyrosine kinase ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-PDGFR, okungavinjelwa nge-imatinib.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, sikhombisile ukuthi ukwanda kwe-AF1q kunikeza imiphumela eqhubekayo ne-oncogenic ye-pYSTAT3 kumaselula e-invasive carcinoma ngokuqalisa i-Src kinase ngokuqalisa umbhidlango we-PDGF-B/PDGFR.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-117", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), ehlanganiswe ne-ESR1, itholakala ngokuhlolwa kwe-immunohistochemistry cishe ku-70% yamacansi omkhoma avundla ubisi futhi isebenza njengesibonakalisi esiqinile. Ukuguquka kwe-ESR1 okuvuselayo endaweni ye-ligand-binding kubikwe kufinyelela ku-35-40% yamakhensa e-ER-positive metastatic futhi ahambisana nokumelana nokwelashwa kwe-endocrine kanye nokwanda kwesifo. Okwamanje, akucacile ukuthi ukuguquka kwe-ESR1 kuguqula yini ukubonakala kwe-ER okwenziwa nge-immunohistochemical ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Kulolu cwaningo, ukuguquka kwe-ESR1 emkhomeni wobisi kutholakale ngokusebenzisa i-Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT), i-hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing assay evunywe yi-Food and Drug Administration. Amakhensa angama-586 obisi avela ezigulini ezinesimo esithuthukile noma esihambayo sihlaziyiwe ngokusebenzisa i-MSK-IMPACT ngesikhathi socwaningo. Ukuguquka kwe-ESR1 somatic kutholakale kumasampula angama-67 amakhensa obisi avela kuziguli ezingu-66. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-immunohistochemical kwe-ER, i-progesterone receptor, kanye ne-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 kwenziwa emkhomeni wokuqala kanye nemkhoma ethintekile yalezi ziguli ngesikhathi sokuhlolelwa. Ukuguquka okungama-20 okwahlukene kwe-ESR1 kutholakale ekuthinteni indawo ye-ligand-binding, konke kumasampula amakhensa obisi avela kuziguli ezike zelashwa nokwelashwa kwe-endocrine. Ukuguquka okuhlangene kakhulu kube yi-D538G (n = 22), i-Y537S (n = 7), kanye ne-E380Q (n = 7). Wonke amasampula amakhensa obisi anokuguquka kwe-ESR1 abe ne-ER-positive ngokuhlolwa kwe-immunohistochemistry. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-ER immunohistochemistry kumkhoma wokuqala ongalashelwe kanye nomkhoma oselashiwe ovela ezigulini ezingu-34 akutholanga ukuguquka okubonakala esimeni se-ER-positive immunohistochemical (iphesenti lesilinganiso samaseli ahlasela umkhoma anokukhuthazwa kwe-nuclear: umkhoma wokuqala ongalashelwa 90%, umkhoma oselashiwe 95%).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukuguquka kwe-ESR1 akubuthakathisi ngendlela ebonakalayo ukubonakala kwe-ER okuphawulekile ngokusebenzisa i-immunohistochemistry.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-118", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmdlavuza wesofegi (EC) uyisifo esihlasela kakhulu, esinezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zama-histology: i-adenocarcinoma (EAC) ne-squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-EC zihluka kakhulu mayelana nako konke okuphathelene nazo. Ukuphuhla kwe-ESCC kuhlobene kakhulu nokubhema kanye nokuphuza utshwala, kanti ukuba nesisindo esikhulu kanye nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) kuyizinto ezinkulu ezilethela ubungozi hhayi nje kuphela kwe-EAC, kodwa naku-Barrett's esophagus (BE), okuyinto yokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana asohlotsheni lwamathumbu olwandulela i-EAC. Ukuba nesisindo esikhulu kubangela ukuqoqana kwamathonsi amafutha (LD) ezindaweni ezingafanele emzimbeni, okungezizo izindawo zamafutha. I-LD iyizingxenyekazi zamangqamuzana ezibandakanyeka ekunikezeleni ukudla emangqamuzaneni, ekuxhumaneni kwamagqamuzana, ekwandiseni amanqqamuzana kanye nasekukhiqizeni izakhi ezilethela ukuvuvukala. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ukubakhona kanye neqhaza le-LD kumdlavuza wesofegi. Lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukwenyuka kwenzinga le-LD ekuthuthukeni kwe-EAC, emasampulini esofegi kusukela kubantu abangenazo izinkinga zesisindo kuya kwabanezisindo ezikhulu, kanye nakubantu abanesifo se-BE, kanye neziguli ze-EAC, kanti akukho zinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo emasampulini e-ESCC, uma kuqhathaniswa namasampula angenamdlavuza. Ukwengeza, ukuze kulinganiswe ukuhlangabezana nezinto eziyingozi ze-BE ne-EAC, isigaba samangqamuzana esofegi angenayo umdlavuza safakwa ku-oleic acid (OA) kanye nesikhutha esiwumphumela wamasidi kanye/noma i-deoxycholic acid (DCA), okwaveza ukwenyuka okubalulekile ngobuningi be-LD kanye nokubonakalisa kwe-COX-2 ne-CXCL-8, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-IL-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakalisa kwe-COX-2 kanye nenani le-LD kwakhombisa uxhumano oluhle olubalulekile futhi kwabonakala ndawonye e-EAC, kodwa hhayi e-ESCC, okwenza sicabange ukuthi i-LD ingaba yindawo yokukhiqizwa kwe-eicosanoid e-EAC.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukukhuluphala, kanye nokuvuvuka okuhambisana ne-BE kanye ne-EAC kuholela ekuncipha kancane kwe-LD, okungaba nomsebenzi wokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kanye/noma ukusebenza kwezakhi zokuvuvuka, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela ekuqaleni nasekuqhubekeni kwe-BE kanye ne-EAC.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-119", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuqhubeka komdlavuza wesitho sangasese kuya esikhathini lapho ushintshela ekulimeleni ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba kanye nasekubeni amandla okuphila asheshe ahambe kuyisinyathelo esisemqoka kakhulu. Sike sakuveza phambilini ukuthi ukushukuma kweprotheyini kinase C (PKC) okulandelwa i-Twist1 kanye nesivuseleli sehomoni yesilisa (AR) kubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekumeleni ukudluliswa kwamahomoni yesilisa, kodwa umshini wezingxenye ophathekayo usasele ungakaziwa ngokugcwele. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa umshini wezingxenye ofanelekile, lugxile kunzikandaweni yokubhala ye-NF-κB. Sihlolisise umsebenzi we-NF-κB ngemva kokulwa ne-PKC, kanye nokubonakalisa kwe-Twist1 ne-AR ngemva kokulwa ne-NF-κB emasosheni omdlavuza wesitho sangasese somuntu. Siphinde sahlola isimo se-PKC/NF-κB ngemva kokulwa nomyalezo we-AR emasosheni amelana nokwelashwa ngamahomoni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulwa nemiyalezo ye-PKC kusetshenziswa ukucindezela nokuvinjelwa kwezingxenye ezincane ze-PKC, kunciphise umsebenzi we-RelA, kanti ukuvimba i-NF-κB kucindezele ukusetshenziswa kwe-Twist1 ne-AR. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuvimba umyalezo we-AR ngokukhipha ihomoni yesilisa kanye nesibulali samahomoni esisha enzalutamide kubangele ukushukuma kwe-PKC nokuqinisa kwamandla kwe-RelA, okuholele ekukhuleni kwe-Twist1/AR ezingeni lomhlahlandlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela umyalezo we-NF-κB kuvimbele ukuphakama okubangwa enzalutamide kwe-Twist1 ne-AR. Okokugcina, i-NF-κB iqiniswe emasosheni amelana namahomoni kanye namelana nenzalutamide.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, i-NF-κB signaling yayibhekene nokwanda kwe-Twist1 nge-PKC ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-AR, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungafanele kwe-AR.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-120", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAmaseli omdlavuza athanda i-glycolysis ukuze athole amandla, ngisho noma kukhona umoya owanele ukwenza lokhu kungadingeki. Lokhu kubizwa ngephuzu le-Warburg, futhi kukhuthaza ukuvela komdlavuza kanye nokwanda kwawo emzimbeni. Kulolu cwaningo, sikhombise ukuthi i-EZH2, i-protein eyandisa umdlavuza enezindima eziningi ekwandeni komdlavuza, ukuhlasela kanye nokusabalala, ikhuthaza ukuvela komdlavuza weglioblastoma kanye nokwanda kwawo ngokusebenzisa iphuzu le-Warburg. Siqaphele ukuthi i-HIF1α iyinto ehlosiwe yi-EZH2 nokuthi ukusebenza kwayo kudingeka ukuze i-EZH2 ikwazi ukushintsha indlela umzimba osebenzisa ngayo izakhi, nokuthi i-HIF1α iyasebenza uma i-EZH2 ikhiqizwa ngokweqile. I-EZH2 inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-EAF2, okubese kwandisa amazinga e-HIF1α.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha kulemi miphumela ukuthi i-EZH2 ivimba ukubumbeka kwamatumo kanye nokudlondlobala kwesifo ngokwengxenye ngokuqalisa i-glycolysis ngokusebenzisa umgudu we-EAF2-HIF1α.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-121", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Intramitochondrial Sr2+, efana ne-Ca2+, ivimba i-oxidative phosphorylation ku-intact rat-liver mitochondria. Kokubili i-Ca2+ ne-Sr2+ zivimba umsebenzi we-hydrolytic we-ATPase kumahlulana e-submitochondrial. Ukuvimba okuhhafu-maksimum komsebenzi we-ATPase kwafinyelelwa elinganisweni le-2.5 mM Ca2+ noma 5.0 mM Sr2+ uma ilinganiselwa le-Mg2+ kulendawo kwakuyi-1.0 mM. Ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi we-ATPase yi-cations zombili kwakuncishiswe kakhulu ukwanda kwe-Mg2+ concentration endaweni yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha ye-kinetical kanye nokuboniswa kwe-concentration ye-MgATP, i-substrate ye-ATPase, ebukhoneni bamalinganiselwa ahlukene e-Ca2+ noma e-Sr2+ akhombisa kakhulu ukuthi lama-cations avimba i-ATP hydrolysis ngokuncintisana ne-Mg2+ ekwakhiweni kwe-MgATP.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokusekelwe esivumelwaneni esihle phakathi kwalezi ziphumo kanye nama-submitochondrial particles kanye nemiphumela yokuhlanganiswa kwe-oxidative phosphorylation ne-carboxyatractyloside noma i-oligomycin kuma-mitochondria agcwaliswe nge-Sr2+ kungaphetha ngokuthi i-intramitochondrial Ca2+ noma i-Sr2+ ivimba i-oxidative phosphorylation kuma-mitochondria aphelele ngokunciphisa ukutholakala kwama-adenine nucleotides kokubili ku-ADP/ATP carrier kanye ne-ATP synthase.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-122", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-calcium ye-mitochondria ingumshukumisi obalulekile we-metabolism yamaseli. I-CCDC90A yabikwa njengomhleli we-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, isitshetsho esikhethayo esilawula ukuthatha i-calcium kwe-mitochondria, ngakho-ke yaqanjwa kabusha i-MCUR1. Lapha sibonisa ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwe-CCDC90A kumafibroblast abantu kukhiqiza inkinga eqondile yokuhlanganiswa kwe-cytochrome c oxidase (COX), okuholela ekuncipisweni kwe-mitochondrial membrane potential kanye nokukhinyabezeka komkhawulo wokuthatha i-calcium ye-mitochondria. Amafibroblast eziguli ezinezinkinga zokuhlanganiswa kwe-COX ngenxa yemithente kuma-TACO1 noma i-COX10 nawo akhombisa ukunciphisa kwe-mitochondrial membrane potential kanye nokukhinyabezeka komkhawulo wokuthatha i-calcium, kokubili okwasindiswa ngokufakwa kwe-cDNA ezejwayelekile ezihambisanayo. Ukususwa kwe-fmp32, i-homolog ye-CCDC90A ku-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isidalwa esingenayo i-MCU, nako kukhiqiza ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-COX, okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-CCDC90A ulondolozekile ekuthuthukeni kwempilo.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphethela ngokuthi i-CCDC90A idlala indima ekuhlanganiseni i-COX futhi ayilawuli ngqo i-MCU.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-123", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAma-mitochondria akhiqiza inani elikhulu le-ATP emasosheni amaningi, kufaka phakathi amaseli obuchopho. Ukulawula le mishini eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zamandla eseli kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi esingakakaqondi ngokuphelele. Kulesi simo, i-3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) iphakanyiswe ukuthi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwezinhlelo zokukhipha imiyalezo nokudla kanye nokulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-ATP yi-mitochondria. Emasosheni, izimpawu ze-cAMP zingathinta ama-mitochondria ohlangothini lwe-cytosolic kodwa kamuva nje, uphawu lwe-cAMP olukhiqizwe ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yama-mitochondria yi-soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) kuphakanyiswe ukuthi ilawula ukuphefumula kanjalo nokukhiqizwa kwe-ATP. Nokho, kulwazi oluncane mayelana nalezi zinqubo ema-mitochondria obuchopho, futhi izinto ezisebenza kophawu lwe-cAMP olukhiqizwe ngaphakathi kwe-matrix azicacile ngokuphelele njengoba kokubili i-protein kinase A (PKA) kanye ne-exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) kuphakanyiswe ukuthi kubandakanyekile. Lapha, sibuyekeza ulwazi lwamanje futhi sihlobisana ne-mitochondria yobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngezikalo zokuphefumula, i-membrane potential, nokukhiqizwa kwe-ATP kuma-mitochondria ahlukanisiwe ekhaleni lobuchopho begundane, sitshengisa ukuthi izivimbeli ze-sAC, i-PKA, noma i-EPAC zithinta ukusebenza kwe-mitochondria ngezindlela ezahlukene.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, siphakamisa ukuthi ama-mitochondria obuchopho alawula ukusebenza kwawo ngezinkomba ze-cAMP ezidluliselwa nge-sAC nokuthi kokubili i-PKA ne-EPAC kungahle kubandakanyeke emva kwe-cAMP.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-124", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-ADP ayisiyo kuphela okuyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-ATP, kodwa futhi ingumvimbi onamandla wesikhala sokudlula kwamangqamuzana e-mitochondrial (mPTP). Kulolu cwaningo, sihlola ukuthi ingcindezi ye-oxidative ithinta kanjani amandla e-ADP njengomvimbi we-mPTP futhi nokuthi ukuncishiswa kwayo kokubakhona kwama-reactive oxygen species (ROS) kungaba nendima. Sinqume ngokulinganisa imiphumela ye-ADP ekukwazini kuka-mitochondrial ukukhulisa i-calcium (CRC) kuze kufike ekungenisweni kwe-mPTP kumamitochondria ahlukene enhliziyweni. Sisebenzise izinhlelo ezimbili zeminyaka yobudala yengcindezi ye-oxidative (amagundane amadala nanasifo sikashukela) nezinhlelo ezimbili ezintsha zengcindezi ye-oxidative (i-ischemia reperfusion (IR) ne-tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BH)). Kumamitochondria okulawula, i-CRC yayingu 344 ± 32 nmol/mg yeprotheni. I-ADP engu-500 μmol/L yenyusa i-CRC yafika ku-774 ± 65 nmol/mg yeprotheni. Lo miphumela ye-ADP ibonakala ihlangene nesilinganiso sayo ngoba engu-50 μmol/L ibe nomthelela omncane kakhulu. Futhi, i-oligomycin, evimba ukuguqulwa kwe-ADP ibe yi-ATP nge-F0F1ATPase, yenyusa kakhulu umthelela we-ADP engu-50 μmol/L. Ingcindezi ye-oxidative eyiminyaka eminingi ayizange ibe nomthelela ku-CRC noma emiphumeleni ye-ADP engu-500 μmol/L. Ngemva kokuvela kwe-IR noma i-t-BH, i-CRC yehliswa kakhulu yafika ku-1 ± 0.2 no-32 ± 4 nmol/mg weprotheni, ngokulandelana. Ngokumangalisa, i-ADP yenyusa i-CRC yafika ku-447 ± 105 kanye no-514 ± 103 nmol/mg yeprotheni kwi-IR nakwi-t-BH, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, yanyusa i-CRC ngesilinganiso esifanayo njengasekuphathweni. Kumamitochondria okulawula, i-ADP yehlisa kokubili i-substrate kanye nokunyuka kwe-calcium okubangelwe yi-ROS. Kodwa-ke, kumamitochondria e-t-BH, umthelela we-ADP kwi-ROS wawuncane kakhulu.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-ADP ibuyisela ngamandla amakhono e-CRC emithonjeni ecindezeleke kakhulu.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-125", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nAbacwaningi bangaphambili baye babonisa ukuthi 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) edalayo i-hyperthermia, emisipha yamathambo yezilwane, iya ncike kwi-uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3). Ngokulinda uphenyo lwethu ukuthi in vivo phosphorylation ye-UCP1 yandiswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokujwayela amakhaza, saqala ukuphenya ukuthi (a) ingabe i-UCP3 yayiphosphorylated in vivo kanye (b) ukuthi ingabe in vivo phosphorylation ye-UCP3 kwakuphumela ekuvuzeni okukhulu kwe-proton ngemuva kokunika i-MDMA ezilwaneni. Idatha yethu ibonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-MDMA (kodwa hhayi ukwelashwa nge-PBS) kwezilwane kuphumela kokubili in vivo serine kanye ne-tyrosine phosphorylation ye-UCP3 emitochondria yemisipha yamathambo, ehlukaniswe phambi kwe-phosphatase inhibitors ukugcina in vivo phosphorylation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuza kwe-proton kuphela kwenyuka emitochondria yemisipha yamathambo ehlukanisiwe kusuka ezilwaneni ezelashwe nge-MDMA (ebakhona ye-phosphatase inhibitors) kanye nokuvuza kwe-proton okukhulile kungenxa ye-UCP3 ephosphorylated. Ubuningi be-UCP3 emitochondria yemisipha yamathambo abuphazamiseki ngokuphathwa kwe-MDMA. Ukugcinwa kwe-UCP3 phosphorylation nokwanda kokuvuza kwe-proton kuyalahleka lapho imitochondria yemisipha yamathambo ihlukaniswa ngaphandle kwe-phosphatase inhibitors.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-UCP3 kwezilwane kwandisa ukukhipha kwama-proton emithambo yamathambo emikhakhayi yesikhumba ngokuvusa i-MDMA ngokushintsha okuzibophayo kwe-MDMA ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngokufaka ifosfeti (phosphorylation).", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-126", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-CsrA (umlawuli wokulondoloza i-carbon A) iwumhleli wogqoko lwe-RNA obaktheria osakazeke kabanzi olawula ukuqala kokutolika nezinga le-mRNA emibhalweni ethize. Kumabaktheria angu-γ-proteobacteria, umsebenzi we-CsrA uphikiswa ngokuncintisana yi-RNA encane eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (ama-sRNA) equkethe izindawo eziningi zokubophela i-CsrA, kodwa i-CsrA emabakteriya angaphandle kwe-γ-proteobacteria iphikiswa uphroteni obizwa nge-FliW. Lapha sibonisa ukuthi i-FliW yase-Bacillus subtilis ayibopheli ezinsaleni ezifanayo ze-CsrA ezidingekayo ekubopheni i-RNA. Esikhundleni salokho, izinguquko ze-CsrA ezingazweli ukuphikiswa kwe-FliW (crw) zishintsha izinsalela ze-CsrA ebusweni be-allosteric obungamele umsebenzi ongazange wachazwa ngaphambilini. Ezinye izinguquko ze-crw zisusa ukubophana kwe-CsrA-FliW, kodwa ezinye azikususi, okusho ukuthi ukuhlangana kwe-FliW ne-RNA akufanele kucatshangwe ngokumelana.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-FliW ivimba ihomoni ye-parathyroid ngendlela engenamncintisano, eyehlukile kakhulu kuleyo eyaziwayo yezivimbi ze-sRNA.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-127", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUmphathi jikelele wokuhumusheka kwe-Spx we-Bacillus subtilis ulawulwa emazingeni amaningi enqubo yokuveza ijini. Ugcinwa emazingeni aphansi ngesikhathi sokukhula okungahlukunyezwanga yi-ATP-dependent protease ClpXP. Ngaphansi kokwengama kwe-disulfide, amazinga e-Spx ayenyuka ngenxa yokwehla kwe-ClpXP-catalyzed proteolysis. Izifundo zakamuva zika-Larsson nabasebenzi bakhe (Mol. Microbiol. 66:669-684, 2007) zabonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wejini i-yjbH udingeka ekulawuleni i-proteolytic ye-Spx. Esifundweni samanje, ukuhlaziywa kwe-yeast two-hybrid kanye nokuxhumanisa kwe-protein-protein kubonise ukuthi i-Spx ixhumana ne-YjbH. In vitro i-YjbH yaboniswa ukuthi ithuthukisa i-proteolysis ye-Spx ezingxubeni zemisebenzisi equkethe i-ClpXP protease kodwa hhayi i-ClpCP protease. Isimo se-YjbH esinqunyulwe eningini eliphambili esinokususa kwehlukanisa 1 ukuya 24 (YjbH(Delta1-24)) asibonisanga umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa i-proteolysis. I-YjbH ikhethekile kwe-Spx njengoba ingalisheshisanga i-proteolysis ye-substrate ye-ClpXP i-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-SsrA, isimumethe se-GFP esinophawu lwe-C-terminal SsrA olubonakala yi-ClpXP. Kusetshenziswa i-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy kanye ne-4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol release experiments, i-YjbH yatholakala iqukethe ama-atom e-zinc. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-zinc ye-YjbH(Delta1-24) kwaveza ukuthi isifunda esi-N-terminal esicebile nge-histidine asibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwe-atom elilodwa lokungenani le-Zn. I-atom le-Zn elihlanganiselwe esifundeni se-N-terminal lakhululwa ngokushesha ephrothinini ngokusebenzisa i-oxidant enamandla.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-YjbH iyisibambiso samadimande esithuthukisa ukubulawa kwe-proteini i-Spx okwenzeka nge-ClpXP.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-128", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkukhiqizwa kwe-exoprotease ku-Bacillus subtilis kulawulwa ngokuqinisekile yisistimu elawula izingxenye ezimbili, i-DegS-DegU, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izinto ezincane. Umkhiqizo wegene elingu-degR ungena eqenjini lesibili futhi unikeza umthelela omuhle ngendlela eyencike ku-DegS-DegU. Sithole ukuthi ukubhalwa kwe-degR kwavinjelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuthi i-mecA noma i-mecB kodwa kwakhululwa ngokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kwe-comK. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-comK yodwa, nokho, akuzange kushintsha ukubhalwa kwe-degR. Siphinde sathola ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwe-mecA kudinga indawo ezungeze isikhundla esingu-52 esiphathelene nendawo yokuqala yokubhalwa kwe-degR ukuze kube nomthelela wayo. Sesikhombisile ngaphambilini ukuthi ukubhalwa kwe-degR kuholwa yisici esihlukahlukene se-sigma, i-sigmaD. Lapho ukuzibonakalisa kwe-degR kuholwa yisiqalisi se-sigmaA esakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe, ukuphazamiseka kwe-mecA/B akuzange kuholele kunoma yikuphi ukwehla okubalulekile ekuzibonakalisa kwe-degR, okukhombisa ukuthi umthelela ongemuhle wokuguqulwa kwe-mec usebenza ngokubhalwa okuholwa yi-sigmaD. Sekukhombisiwe ukuthi i-MecA ne-MecB zilawula ngokuphikisana ne-ComK, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-mecA/B okungekho kuholela ekuzibonakalisa kwe-comK okuphezulu.\n\nHypothesis:\nKulemi miphumela siphetha ngokuthi i-ComK ilawula ngendlela engemihle ukuvokalwa kwe-degR ngokuvimbela umshini we-sigmaD osiqhuba ukubhalwa kwe-degR, kungenzeka ngobudlelwano nendawo elawulayo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-129", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuvezwa kwesikhanyiso okuncike ekuphakathi kwebaningi kwe-Vibrio fischeri kulawulwa yi-autoinducer N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (autoinducer 1 [AI-1]), okuthi ngokusebenzisa i-LuxR kuqale ukubhalwa kwe-lux operon (luxICDABEG, ekhoda i-autoinducer synthase esuselwayo [LuxI] kanye nama-enzyme esikhanyiso). Kamuva sathola indawo entsha ye-V. fischeri, i-ainS, edingeka ekwakhiweni kwe-autoinducer yesibili, i-N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (AI-2), engakwazi ngokusebenzisa i-LuxR ukuqalisa ukubhalwa kwe-lux operon uma kungekho i-AI-1. Ukuze kuchaziwe iqhaza lokulawula le-AI-2, kwakhiwa umutanti we-luxI ainS owawunakekelwa kabili; ngokuphambene nesizinda sabazali kanye nomutanti we-luxI, umutanti we-luxI ainS awuzange uveze ukushuba kwesikhanyiso futhi awuzange ukhiqize i-autoinducer yesikhanyiso etholakalayo, okukhombisa ukuthi i-V. fischeri ayenzi ama-autoinducer esikhanyiso ngaphandle kwalawa okwakhiwa kwawo okuqondiswa yi-luxI ne-ainS. Umutanti owonakele kuphela ku-ainS ukhombise ukushuba kwesikhanyiso okusheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sabazali, okukhombisa ukuthi i-AI-2 isebenza ku-V. fischeri ukuhlehlisa ukushuba kwesikhanyiso. Ngokuvumelana nalokho okubonisiwe, ukwengezwa kwangaphandle kwe-AI-2 kunqande ukusheshisa ngendlela encike esikhalini ku-V. fischeri kanye ne-Escherichia coli ethwele amagene e-lux. I-AI-2 ayizange ilamule i-luxR negative autoregulation, yodwa noma ikhona i-AI-1, futhi yanqanda ukushuba kwesikhanyiso ku-E. coli ngaphandle kokuthi ngabe i-luxR ilawulwa yi-promoter yayo yendabuko noma eyomuntu wangaphandle. Ukunyuka kwezinga le-AI-1 kunqobe umthelela onqandayo we-AI-2, futhi ukukhuthazwa okulinganayo kwesikhanyiso kudinge i-AI-2 engaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-25 kuya ku-45 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AI-1.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-AI-1 ivimba ukubhalwa kwe-lux operon.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-130", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Mycobacterium smegmatis, imbewu yokhula ngokushesha engenalo isifo se-mycobacterium, isetshenziswa njengomfuziselo ukufunda ngofuzo lwe-mycobacterial. I-Acetamidase ye-M. smegmatis iyona enzyme ekhiqizeka kakhulu ye-Mycobacteria, esebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-amide njengomthombo obalulekile wekhabhoni kanye ne-nitrogen. I-operon ye-acetamidase inendlela elawulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, okuquka amaprotheni amathathu okulawula, abakhiqizi abane, namaelementi amathathu e-operator. Esifundweni sethu esidlule, sikhombise ukuthi ukuphinda-phindeka kwe-AmiA kuhola ekulawulweni okungemuhle kwe-acetamidase ngokuvimba umkhiqizi i-P2. Kulolu cwaningo, sithole i-protein entsha elawula ngendlela enhle, i-AmiC exhumana ne-AmiA ngokuhlangana kwe-protein ne-protein. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Gel mobility shift kukhombise ukuthi i-protein ye-AmiC ivimba i-AmiA ekubophezeleni kwayo kumkhiqizi i-P2. Ukuxhumana kwe-AmiC namaelementi e-cis-acting kukhombise amandla ayo okubophezela ezindaweni eziningi zokulawula ze-operon njenge-P3, i-OP3, nomkhiqizi/operator ye-P1. Ngokunjalo, ukwengeza isikhuthazi i-acetamide ku-AmiC kuphazamisa izinhlangano, okwenza i-AmiC ibonakale njenge-protein yokuzwa kwamaamides. Ukufana komfanekiso nemifanekiso yokuxhumana emakhemikhalini kusikisela ukuthi i-AmiC iyilungu lama-Periplasmic binding proteins, abophezela ngokukhethekile kubazikhuthazi kodwa hhayi kuma-suppressor. Ukwanda kwe-AmiC kuthola ukwehla kokulawulwa kwe-negative regulator, i-amiA, kanye nokwenyuka okuqhubekayo kwe-acetamidase.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokususela kulezi zimo ezitholakele, siphetha ngokuthi i-AmiC ilawula ngendlela eyiyo i-operon ye-acetamidase.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-131", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nKuphakanyiswe ukuthi isivimbeli samatissue se-metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) sibandakanyeka ekuxazululeni kwembobo yesibindi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya ukuthi ngabe i-TIMP-1 iyashintsha yini ukuxazululwa kwembobo yesibindi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuhambisana nokuvimbelwa kwe-matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamaseli ama-hepatic stellate (HSC). Izibindi zezilwane ezinjengamagundane ezinguqulo ze-TIMP-1 ezihlosiwe esibindini (TIMP-Tg) kanye namahayibridi okulawula (Cont) zaqoqwa ezinsukwini ezingu-0, 3, 7, kanye nama-28 ngemuva kokusinda okuzenzakalelayo emanyaleni yesibindi edalwe yi-CCl(4). Izinga lokuxazululwa kwembobo, ukuvela kwe-MMP, amaseli aphozithivu e-alpha-smooth-muscle actin (alpha-SMA), kanye ne-procollagen-(I) messenger RNA (mRNA) esibindini zahlolwa ngezinkathi ezifanele kuwo womabili amaqembu. Saphinda sahlola umthelela we-TIMP-1 ekufeni kwamaseli e-HSC. Amagundane e-TIMP-Tg akhombisa ukwehla okubalulekile ekuxazululweni kwembobo yesibindi ezenzakalelayo uma kuqhathaniswa namagundane e-Cont. Iqophelo le-hydroxyproline, inani lamaseli aphozithivu e-alpha-SMA, kanye ne-procollagen-(I) mRNA kwehla ngokushesha ngesikhathi kumagundane e-Cont, kanti lezi zimpawu zashintsha kancane kumagundane e-TIMP-Tg. Izinga lefomu elivelele le-metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) kumagundane e-TIMP-Tg lalincane kunalelo emagundaneni e-Cont. I-TIMP-1 yehlisa kakhulu amaseli angezona izicubu zesibindi afayo emodeli yokuxazululwa kwembobo yesibindi, futhi ivimbela ukufa kwamaseli e-HSC okuhambisana nokucindezela umsebenzi we-caspase-3 ngaphakathi kwetissue.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, i-fibrosis yanciphisa kakhulu ukuguquka kwesiqu se-TIMP-1 esibizini ngokuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi ye-MMP kanye nokucindezela i-apoptosis ku-HSC.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-132", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-liver fibrosis, okuyinqubo ye-pathophysiologic yesibindi ngenxa yokulimala okuphilayo okuqhubekayo njengempendulo yokulimala kwesibindi okuyisifo esikhona isikhathi eside, ekugcineni izothuthukela ibe yi-cirrhosis. I-Puerarin, i-isoflavone glucoside ebioactive etholakala emthini wesintu waseShayina obizwa nge-pueraria, ibikwe ukuthi inezici eziningi ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nezilwa ne-fibrosis. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezijulile azikacwaningwa kahle. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuphenya imiphumela ye-puerarin ekusebenzeni kwesibindi kanye nenqubo ye-fibrosis kumagundane abangelwe i-CCl4. Amagundane e-C57BL/6J ajovwe ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sesisu nge-10% ye-CCl4 kwi-olive oil (2mL/kg) ngaphandle noma ne-puerarin ehlangene nayo (100 no-200mg/kg ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sesisu kanye ngosuku) amaviki amane alandelanayo. Njengoba kukhombisiwe i-ameliorative serum hepatic enzymes kanye nokuncishiswa kwezinto ezingajwayelekile kwe-histopathologic, idatha eqoqiwe ikhombise ukuthi i-puerarin ingavikela ekuhlukumezekeni kwesibindi okuyisifo esibangelwe yi-CCl4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kwe-fibrosis okubangelwe yi-CCl4, njengoba kufakazelwa ukukhula kokuvezwa kwe-alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), i-collagen-1, i-transforming growth factor (TGF)-尾 kanye ne-connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) esibindini, kuncishiswe yi-puerarin. Izindlela ezingahlobana nalezi zithonya zokucindezela zaqondakala ngokuvimbela indlela yokudlulisa umyalezo ye-NF-κB, ukukhiqizwa kwe-reactive oxygen species (ROS) kanye nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi wama-mitochondria ku-vivo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuvikelwa okubaliwe ngenhla kwaholwa yikwehla kokulawulwa kwe-PARP-1 ngenxa ye-puerarin ngoba i-puerarin ingaphucula ukuvezwa kwe-PARP-1 esibindini esicekelwe phansi yi-CCl4 kanye ne-PJ34, uhlobo oluthile lwe-PARP-1 inhibitor, ilingise ukuvikeleka kwe-puerarin.\n\nHypothesis:\nNjengesiphetho, i-puerarin ibambe indima yokuvikela ekuvuvukaleni kwesibindi okubangelwa yi-CCl4 kungenzeka ngokuvimba i-PARP-1 kanye nokulandelayo ukunciphisa i-NF-κB, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ROS kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwama-mitochondria.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-133", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), okuyi-phospholipid extract eningi kumasoya, ivimbela ukuthuthuka kwesirhosha sesibindi kumamodeli ezilwane. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo ayaziwa. Ngokususela ohlotyeni lokuthi i-PPC ingasebenza ngokunciphisa ukwanda kwamaseli e-hepatic stellate, safunda umthelela we-PPC nezingxenye zayo ezinkulu, i-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) ne-palmitoyl-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine (PLPC), ekwandeni kwamaseli e-stellate okukhuthazwa yi-PDGF nasekudlulisweni kwesignali engaphakathi kweseli. Amaseli e-hepatic stellate ajwayelekile emagundaneni ekulimeni kwamaselula, alandelwa ukungasondleki, futhi agcinwa ne-10ng/ml ye-PDGF ngaphandle noma ngokukhona kwama-phospholipid. Ukwanda kwamaseli kwakalwa nge-3H-thymidine incorporation. Ukusebenza kwe-P44MAPK kwakalwa nge-kinase assay, kanti i-AP-1 binding yakalwa nge-electrophoretic mobility shift assay. I-PPC (200 ng/ml) yavinjelwa ngokuphumelele ukwanda okukhuthazwa yi-PDGF (p < 0.05; ANOVA, n = 3) futhi yaphikisana nokusebenza kwe-P44MAPK okukhuthazwa yi-PDGF kanye ne-AP-1 binding. Lo mphumela wawulingiswa yi-DLPC kodwa hhayi yi-PLPC. Akukho nakuyiphi phakathi kwe-DLPC noma i-PLPC eyavimba ukusebenza kwamaresepta e-PDGF.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-PPC inomthelela ongakaze wabonwa ngaphambilini ekwandeni kwamaseli e-stellate okukhuthazwa yi-mitogen okungase kube yimiphumela ye-DLPC.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-134", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIseli esisebenzayo somdlandla webhilibhili (HSC) sibalulekile ekubambekeni kwesibindi njengomthombo omkhulu wecollagen I kanye ne-III kanye nezivimbelanqamulajuqu zemetalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Ngesikhathi sokuzilungisa okungahleliwe kokubambeka kwesibindi, kunokunciphisa kokuvakashiswa kwe-TIMP, ukwanda komsebenzi wecollagenase, kanye nokwanda kokubulawa kwamaseli e-HSC, okukhombisa iqhaza elingaba khona le-TIMP-1 ekuphileni kwe-HSC. Kulo mbiko, sisebenzisa amasampula okulima amaseli kanye namaphethini empilweni ukubonisa ukuthi i-TIMP-1 ngokuqondile ivimba ukubulawa kwamaseli e-HSC. I-TIMP-1 ibonise imphumela eyiqiniso, ebalulekile, nokuya ngezinga lokuvikela ukubulawa kwamaseli e-HSC eqaliswe emasampuleni okulima amaseli futhi yakhuthazwa ukuba ibulale amaseli ngokuncipha kweserum, ukuhlangabezana ne-cycloheximide, kanye nokukhuthazwa kokukukhula kwemizwa. I-TIMP-1 eguqulwe engasebenzi (i-T2G mutant) lapho zonke ezinye izindawo zigcinwe khona ayizange ivimbe ukubulawa kwamaseli, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuvimba ukubulawa kwamaseli kwakuhlelwe ngokuvimba i-MMP. Izivimbelanqamulajuqu ze-MMP ezenziwe ngabantu nazo zavimba ukubulawa kwamaseli e-HSC. Izifundo zesifo sesibindi esibambekile zabonisa ukuthi ukuvakashiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-TIMP-1 mRNA okuqinisekiswe nge-PCR kuhlobene nokuqhubeka kwe-HSC esebenzayo equndwe ukuhlobana kwe-alpha smooth muscle actin, kanti ekubambekeni, ukulahleka kwe-HSC esebenzayo kuhlobene nokuncishiswa kwe-TIMP-1 mRNA.\n\nHypothesis:\nSinquma ukuthi i-TIMP-1 ivimba i-apoptosis yamasosha omzimba angu-CD14dim avusiwe ngokuvimba i-MMP.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-135", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkwakhiwa kwamaseli estellate esibindini (ama-HSCs) kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-fibrosis yesibindi. I-C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3), ilungu lama-CTRPs, ibandakanyeka kwi-fibrosis. Kodwa-ke, kulwazi oluncane mayelana nendima ye-CTRP3 kwi-fibrosis yesibindi. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthola indima yalo kwi-fibrosis yesibindi kanye nokuhlola indlela okungenzeka ukuthi kusebenze ngayo. Imiphumela yethu ikhombise ukuthi i-CTRP3 ibivezwe kancane emathuphini e-fibrosis yesibindi kanye nama-HSCs avuselelwe. Ukwandiswa kwe-CTRP3 kuvinjelwe ukwanda nokuhamba kwamaseli e-HSCs, kanye nokucindezela ukuvela kwama-extracellular matrix (ECM) kumaseli e-HSC-T6 akhuthazwa yi-transforming growth factor-尾1 (TGF-尾1). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandiswa kwe-CTRP3 kuvimbele kakhulu izinga lokuvela kwe-phosphorylation ye-Smad3 kumaseli e-HSC-T6 akhuthazwa yi-TGF-尾1.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkuphetheni, ucwaningo lwamanje lukhombise ukuthi i-CTRP3 inqanda ukwanda kanye nokuhamba kwamaseli e-HSC-T6 akhuthazwe yi-TGF-尾 1 futhi yanciphisa i-liver fibrosis, okungenani ingxenye, ngokuvimba indlela yokusakaza ye-Smad.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-136", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIsidingo sokuphucuzwa kokucacisa ekwelashweni okusendaweni yezifo ezivuvukele emathunjini (IBD) sisiholele ekusebenziseni amasomu anegciwane elinegesi eliwuphawu olubi ukulungisa amahlandla avuvukelwe emathunjini. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukucacisa imbangela yalokho esikubonile ngaphambilini ukuthi la masomu aqoqeka, ikakhulukazi, embozweni eyivuvukele yamagundane akhishwe kucolitis yokuhlola, ngemuva kokuphathwa kwegolo. Ukuhlaziya kwamaphroteni (tandem mass spectrometry, kuqinisekiswe ngeWestern blot) kwezibonelo zombozo evuvukele, ekhishwe ku-pH 3, 5 no-7, kwaveza ukwanda kokuvela kwetransferrin (TF) ku-pH 3. Ukuhlolwa kwehistoloji kubonise ukuthi i-TF yayisengxenyeni egolo lomboza evuvukele. Amasomu anegciwane elinegesi eliwuphawu olubi (kodwa hhayi aphakathi nendawo) ananela kokuyi-TF kokubili okuthengwayo nokwemboza ku-pH ephansi, kodwa hhayi ku-pH ephakathi nendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala ngaphambili kwamasomu anegciwane elinegesi eliwuphawu olubi ne-TF kwanciphisa kakhulu ukunamathela kwawo embedeni evuvukele yegolo lekati.\n\nHypothesis:\nKungashiwo ukuthi, ku-pH ephansi, efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa ekoloni elungelweni olunobubomvu (ulcerative colitis), i-TF ihlanganyela ukuze inamathele ezakudliweni kwamandla ezicucu emanzini (liposomes) ezinegciwane elibi eliphuma esikudeni esibomvile.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-137", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Curcumin (i-diferulolylmethane) ikhombisa imiphumela enamandla okulwa nokuvuvukala emasosheni amathumbu (IEC) kanye namasosha okulwa nezifo emzimbeni kulabo abazohloliwe futhi ibukeka iphephisa ezilokazaneni ezifakwe izinto zamakhemikhali zomgogodla, ngokomcansi wokusebenza okucatshangwayo ngokuvimba i-NF-kappaB. Yize kukhombisiwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni izinga lokubuyisa enkingeni yokuvuvukala kwomathumbu ezigulini, ukusebenza kwe-curcumin kwisifo sika-Crohn (CD) noma kuma-model okulwa nezifo angu-Th-1/Th-17 e-CD akukaze kuhlolwe. Ngakho-ke, saphenyisisa imiphumela ye-curcumin yokudla (0.1-1%) ekuthuthukisweni kokuvuvukala kwomathumbu, ukuvuseleleka kokulwa nezifo, kanye nokusebenza kwe-NF-kappaB emzimbeni kumantshontsho angenagciwane e-IL-10(-/-) noma e-IL-10(-/-);NF-kappaB(EGFP) ahlanganiswe nemicroflora ehlanzekile ekhethekile. I-morphology yamathumbu angaphambili nangasemuva ikhombise umthelela omncane wokuvikela we-curcumin kuphela ku-0.1%. Ukuvakashwa kwe-IFN-gamma yomathumbu kanye ne-IL-12/23p40 mRNA kulandele indlela efanayo (mayelana noku-50% ukuvimba ku-0.1%). Ukukhishwa kwe-IL-12/23p40 kanye ne-IFN-gamma ngomthombo wokukhiqiza amathumbu kanye namasosha ezindawo ezivuvukele zamadlebe kwakuphakeme emantshontshweni e-IL-10(-/-) futhi akuncishiswanga yi-curcumin yokudla. Ngokumangalisayo, ukuvuseleleka kwe-NF-kappaB emantshontshweni e-IL-10(-/-) (i-phospho-NF-kappaBp65) noma kwi-IL-10(-/-);NF-kappaB(EGFP) emantshontshweni (isitho sonke noma ukuthwebula kwezithombe ze-confocal) akuzange kuvinjwe yi-curcumin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyakhombisa ukuthi i-IL-10 kanye ne-curcumin zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-NF-kappaB ku-IEC kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-IL-12/23p40 amasosha omphimbo kanye namasosha okuhambisa ulwazi.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi indlela eyinhloko yokusebenza kwe-curcumin ekuvimbeleni i-colitis eyenziwa ngamakhemikhali kungokuvimba i-NF-kappaB.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-138", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkukhuluphala kuyisici sobungozi bokuthuthuka kwesifo esikhathazayo semithombe. I-Pea iyingqayizivele nokuqukethwe kwayo okuphakeme kokudla okusingethe amafayibha, ama-polyphenolics, kanye nama-glycoproteins, konke okwaziwa ngokuba nomphumela omuhle empilweni. Sihlose ukuphenya umthelela wokuhlanganyela kwe-green pea (GP) ekuthintekeni kwamagundane adliwa ukudla okunokunono okuphakeme (HFD) kwe-colitis ebangelwe yi-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Amagundane esifazane anezinsuku eziyisithupha ubudala we-C57BL/6J adliwa i-45% HFD noma i-HFD ehlanganyele ngo-10% GP. Ngemuva kwezonto eziyisikhombisa zokungezelela ukudla, i-colitis iveleliswe ngokungeza 2.5% DSS emanzini okuphuza izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kulandelwa isikhathi sokubuyisa ezinye izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ukwengeza i-GP kusizile esikhaleni sesikali somthelela wesifo kumagundane adla i-HFD ngesikhathi sokubuyisa, futhi kwehlisa ukungena kwama-neutrophil, umbono we-mRNA we-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) nezimpawu zokukhathazeka i-interleukin (IL)-6, i-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), i-IL-17, i-interferon-γ (IFN-γ), kanye ne-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) emagundaneni adla i-HFD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza i-GP kwandise okuqukethwe kwemucin 2 nokukhuluma kwe-mRNA kwezimpawu zokuhlukaniswa kweseli le-goblet kufaka phakathi i-Trefoil factor 3 (Tff3), i-Kr眉ppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), kanye ne-SAM pointed domain ETS factor 1 (Spdef1) emagundaneni adla i-HFD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GP yanciphisa i-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress njengoba kukhombiswe ukwehliswa kokukhuluma kweprotheni ye-Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) namagene ayo aqondiswe i-chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), i-CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), i-ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like 1 protein (Edem1), kanye ne-X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) emagundaneni adla i-HFD.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, ukunikezwa kwe-GP kwanciphisa ubunzima be-colitis eyenziwe yi-DSS kumagundane afunzwe yi-HFD, okwakuhambisana nokucindezela ukuvuvukala, ukuncipha kwe-mucin, kanye nokucindezela i-ER stress kukholo.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-139", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Bilirubin icatshangwa ukuthi inomthelela wokuvikela ukuvuvukala ngokuvimba ukuhamba kwamaseli amhlophe egazi elixhumene nesakhiwo seselula sokujiyisa amathambo (VCAM-1) nangokucindezela ukuvela kwe-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Njengoba i-VCAM-1 ne-iNOS zingabalamuli abalulekile bokulimala kwamatissue emodeli yemouse ye-dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) yesifo sokuqumba sesibumbu, sihlolile ukuthi i-bilirubin ivikela yini ukulimala kwekholo ezimpondweni eziphathwa nge-DSS. Izimpondwa zesilisa ze-C57BL/6 zanikwa i-2.5% ye-DSS emanzini okuphuza izinsuku eziyi-7, ngesikhathi ezithola imijovo yesikhathi esisodwa ye-bilirubin (30 mg/kg) noma i-potassium phosphate vehicle. Umsebenzi wesifo waqashelwa, izibalo zegazi lasemithanjeni nokuhlolwa kwamazinga amanitrate egazini kwanqunywa, namasu esitho somphimbo ahlaziywa ngokulimala kwe-histological, ukuhlasela kwamaseli amhlophe, nokuzibonakalisa kwe-iNOS. Umthelela we-bilirubin ekukhiqizweni kwe-IL-5 ngamaseli e-HSB-2 kanye nokuhamba kwamaseli e-Jurkat transendothelial nawo wanqunywa. Izimpungushe eziphathwe nge-DSS ezithole i-bilirubin ngesikhathi esisodwa zilahlekelwe yisisindo somzimba esingaphansi, zinamazinga amanitrate aphansi egazini, futhi zibonakalisa ukusinda kwesifo okunciphile kunesilwane esihlanzwe nge-vehicle. Ngokuhambisana, izinhlolovo ze-histopathological zembule ukuthi izimpungushe ezinye i-bilirubin ziveze ukulimala okuncane kwekholo, okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwamaeosinophils, amalymphocytes, namasosha, kanye nokuncipha kokuzibonakalisa kwe-iNOS. Ukunikwa kwe-bilirubin kuye kwahlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokuhlasela kwamaeosinophil namasosha amathumbu amancane, nokukhula okuhambisanayo kwe-eosinophilia yegazi lasemithanjeni. I-Bilirubin ivimbe ukuhamba kwe-Jurkat kodwa ayizange ishintshe ukukhiqizwa kwe-IL-5.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokuphethayo, i-bilirubin ivimbela i-colitis eyenziwa yi-DSS ngokuvimba ukuhamba kwamasosha omzimba (ama-leukocyte) ukuwela endleleni yegazi (i-vascular endothelium) nangokucindezelela isiqubulo se-iNOS.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-140", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzinga lokuvela kwezifo ezinokuqubuka kwemilalazi linyuke eminyakeni yakamuva. Ngaphakathi kwekholo, imindeni yama-mucin (MUC) nama-trefoil factor (TFF) isiza ekuvikeleni kwemilalazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane amahle (probiotic) kunomthelela esigabeni se-MUC semathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zokudla zingaba nomthelela ezinhlayiyeni zemilalazi noma zibe nemiphumela eqondile esivikela se-MUC. Inhloso yethu kwakuwukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukudla kanye/noma i-Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) kungaxazulula yini ukuqubuka kwesigujana esibangwa yidextran sodium sulfate (DSS) ngokushintsha ukuvezwa kwama-gene e-MUC ne-TFF. Amagundane e-C57BL/6 adliswa ukudla okunamaphroteni e-casein, esoy, noma ewhey ngo-20% (wt:wt) kanye noma ngaphandle kwe-LGG isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-12. Ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuqala ukudla kwe-LGG, amagundane anikwa i-DSS engu-2% emanzini okuphuza izinsuku ezine. Amaqembu amabili engeziwe e-casein enakanye noma kungekho i-LGG anikwa amanzi empompi, kwaba yizigaba eziyisishiyagalombili sezephelele. Usuku olulodwa ngemuva kokunikwa i-DSS, amagundane abulawa kwase kuqoqwa amathishu ekholo nekhekham neziqulatho zekhekhamu kwase kuhlolwa nge-qRT-PCR. Amaphroteni ewhey akhuphule kakhulu izinga le-LGG ekhekhamu uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okunye. Emaqenjini endla ye-casein, ukuvezwa kwe-MUC1 ne-TFF-3 ekholoni kwanyuswa kakhulu yi-DSS ngaphandle kokuncika kwi-LGG. Uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu aphathwe nge-DSS, amaphroteni esoy anciphise i-MUC-1 ne-TFF-3 ekholoni. Ngokufanayo, amaphroteni esoy anciphise umthelela we-DSS ezilinganisweni zokuqubuka, ukuvezwa kwe-gene yeTNFα, kanye nokufinyezwa kwekholo. Bekungenamthelela ophelele we-LGG kulezi zilinganiso.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkupheleni, iprotheni yesoya inciphise ukuvela kwegeni le-TNFα okubangelwa ukuphehla ngokwamandla kwe-MUC, i-TFF, kanye ne-DSS ngaphandle kwe-LGG.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-141", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) iwumgcini omkhulu okhokhelela ekuhlelelaneni kwemethabholizimi, inqubo yefiziyoloji ebalulekile ukugcina ukuphila kwamaseli ezisekelo ngaphansi kwe-hypoxia. Nokho, akuqondisiseki kahle ukuthi i-HIF1α idlulisela kanjani ekungeneni enyukliyasi kumaseli ezisekelo ngaphansi kwe-hypoxia. Lapha, siphenye indima ye-protein adaptor yemota ebizwa nge-Bicaudal D homolog 1 (BICD1) ekuthuthweni kwe-HIF1α okwenziwa yi-dynein ukuya enyukliyasi kanye nomthelela wokulawulwa kwe-BICD1 ekuzijwayezeni kwe-hypoxia kanyenomthombo wokwelapha kumaseli ezisekelo asuka kwi-human umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs). Emiphumeleni yethu, ukucishwa kwe-BICD1 kodwa hhayi i-BICD2 kwashabalalisa ukudluliselwa kwe-HIF1α enyukliyasi kanye nomsebenzi wayo. Ukungezeleka kwe-BICD1 kwaqhubeka kwathuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwe-HIF1α enyukliyasi okubangelwa yi-hypoxia. I-hypoxia yavuselela ukuboshelwa okuqondile kwe-HIF1α kwe-BICD1 kanye ne-chain ethile ye-dynein (i-Dynein IC), okwashabalaliswa ukucishwa kwe-BICD1. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Akt kwanciphisa ukubosheleka kwe-BICD1 kwe-HIF1α kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-HIF1α enyukliyasi. Ngokuphambene, ukusebenza kwe-Akt noma ukucishwa kwe-GSK3尾 kwaqhubeka kwathuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwe-HIF1α enyukliyasi okubangelwa yi-hypoxia. Phezu kwalokho, ukucishwa kwe-BICD1 kwashabalalisa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwe-glycolytic okubangelwa yi-hypoxia futhi kwandisa ukuqoqeka kwe-mitochondrial ROS kanye ne-apoptosis kuma-UCB-MSCs ngaphansi kwe-hypoxia. Kwimodeli yokwelapha isilonda sesikhumba sikagundane, ukuphila kwamaseli atshaliwe kanye namandla okwelapha isilonda sesikhumba e-UCB-MSCs ezilungiselelwe nge-hypoxia kuncishiswe ukucishwa kwe-BICD1 futhi kwaqhubeka kwakhuliswa ukucishwa kwe-GSK3尾.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokugcina, sivezile ukuthi ukuhanjiswa kwe-FGF okubangelwe ukuthi i-HIF1 α ingene emhlahlandeleni kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni okuphathelene nokusweleka komoya, okuyinto enquma amandla okuzidalulula kabusha kwe-UCB-MSCs.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-142", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) ivame isebenza ekudaleni i-ubiquitin-mediated degradation ye-hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) ngaphansi kwezimo ze-normoxic kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hypoxic, futhi ikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamanyuroni kwamaseli angaphambili emzimbeni. Nokho, indima ye-pVHL ekuhlukanisweni kwamaseli angaphambili emzimbeni ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isimo ayikahlolisiswa ngokugcwele. Lapha, sibonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwesimo se-anoxic ukuqhamuka kwe-pVHL kanye nezimpawu zamanyuroni kwamaseli angaphambili emzimbeni kuvinjelwa, kanti i-HIF-1alpha iyakhuthazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli angaphambili emzimbeni akhombisa i-pVHL ngemuva kokudluliswa kwegene akhombisa ukuhlukana okucacile kwamanyuroni kanye nokungakhuthazwa kwe-HIF-1alpha ngaphansi kwesimo se-normoxic kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwesimo se-anoxic.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgakho-ke, siphetha ngokuthi i-pVHL ivimba ukuhlukaniswa kwama-neural ngaphansi kwesimo se-anoxic.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-143", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nInhlangano eyenza amafektha ahoxekayo (HIF) iwumlawuli osemqoka wokusabela kweseli kumazinga aphansi e-oxygen okugqugquzela ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen nokuhlela kabusha indlela yokusebenza kweseli uma kungekho i-oxygen eyanele. Nokho, izinga nesikhathi sokuvela kwe-HIF-1α ekuhoxeni kufanele kulinganiswe ngokucophelela emasosheni ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela engafuneki ehambisana nomsebenzi omningi. Ukuvela kwe-HIF-1α mRNA kucindezelwa ekuhoxeni isikhathi eside, okukhombisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kokubhalwa kwe-HIF1A gene kulawulwa kanzima yizindlela zokubuyisela emuva eziphefumulo. Kukhona okuncane okwaziwa ngokuxazululwa kwesabelo se-HIF-1α protein kanye nokucindezela kwe-HIF-1α mRNA ekuhoxeni isikhathi eside. Lapha, sikhombisa ukuthi i-Repressor Element 1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) ibophekela ku-HIF-1α promoter ngendlela eyencike ekuhoxeni. Ukwehliswa kwe-REST kusetshenziswa i-RNAi kwandisa ukuvela kwe-HIF-1α mRNA, protein kanye nomsebenzi wokubhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehliswa kwe-REST kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-lactate ngendlela eyencike ku-HIF-1α (kodwa hhayi ku-HIF-2α). Okokugcina, i-REST ithuthukisa ukuxazululwa kokuvela kwe-HIF-1α protein ekuhoxeni isikhathi eside.\n\nHypothesis:\nOkokuphetha, siphakamisa umqondo wokuthi i-hypoxia inqanda umsebenzi we-transcription ye-HIF-1α ngesikhathi eside se-REST, ngalokho ifaka isandla ekuxazululeni umsebenzi we-HIF-1α.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-144", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkubonakala kwe-core autophagy kinase, i-Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), kulawulwa ngezinga lokuqamba nokutolika ukudla kwethuba elide elikhuthaza i-autophagy. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi i-ULK1 ilawulwa kanjani ngesikhathi sophoxo akuqondakali kahle. Ngaphambilini, sibonise ukuthi ukuvela kwe-ULK1 kukhuthazwa ingcindezi yophoxo. Lapha, sibika i-microRNA entsha elungisa i-ULK1, i-miR-93; ukuqanjwa kwayo kuhlobene ngendlela engathandeki nokutolika kwe-ULK1 ngaphansi kwesimo sokweswela umoya. I-miR-93 ihloshe i-ULK1 futhi inciphisa amazinga ayo eprotheni ngaphansi kwesimo sokweswela umoya. I-miR-93 ivimba futhi i-autophagy ekhuthazwa ukweswela umoya ngokuvimbela i-LC3-I ukuya kwi-transition ye-LC3-II kanye nokubhidlizwa kwe-P62; lezi zinqubo ziguqulwa ukweqiswa komvimbi wendabuko we-miR-93. Ukuphinde kuqanjwe i-ULK1 ngaphandle kwezinto zokusabela ze-miR-93 kubuyisela i-autophagy ekhuthazwa ukweswela umoya evinjwe yi-miR-93. Okokugcina, sithole imiphumela ye-miR-93 ekuphileni kwamaseli nasekufeni kwamaseli ezinhlobeni zamaseli angezona ezomdlavuza namaseli omdlavuza. Sithole ukuthi i-miR-93 igcina ukuphila kwe-MEFs (amafibroblasts omlingatshana wegundane) futhi ivimba ukufa kwawo ngaphansi kweswela umoya.\n\nHypothesis:\nNgakho-ke, sifika esiphethweni sokuthi i-miR-93 inendima eyidlalayo ekuqaleni kwe-autophagy ebangelwa yi-hypoxia ngokukulawula i-ULK1.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-145", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzimo ze-hypoxic ziphakanyiswa ukuthi ziyathinta isimo sokwehlukana kwamabunzi esitolo (SC), kufaka phakathi namabunzi esitolo embryonic (ESC). I-Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) ingomunye wamamolecule amakhulu angaphakathi kweseli onokuziphendulela ekuphenduleni kweseli kwi-hypoxia. I-Hypoxia istabiliza i-HIF ngokuvimba umsebenzi we-HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD), eyaziwayo ngenhloso ye-HIF-alpha subunits yokubhidlizwa kwe-proteosomal. Ukuze sibhekane nomthelela wokustabiliza kwe-HIF ekugcineni i-stemness signature ye-mouse ESC (mESC), sihlole umthelela wokuvimba kwama-PHD ne-hypoxia (1% O2 no-5% O2) ekwehlukaneni okuzenzakalelayo kwe-ESC okuqalwe ukuhlaziywa kwe-leukemia inhibitory factor isikhathi esingamahora angu-24 nama-48. Isivimbi esisaziwa kakhulu se-panhydroxylase i-dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) nesivimbi se-PHD i-JNJ-42041935 (JNJ) esiphakanyiswe se-specificity esingcono se-PHDs kusetshenzisiwe. Lezi zivimbi zombili namazinga womabili e-hypoxia enyuse kakhulu amazinga e-protein e-HIF-1alpha ne-HIF-2alpha kanye nomsebenzi we-transcriptional we-HIF kwi-mESC ehlukana ngokuzenzakalela. Lokhu kwakuhambelana nokwehla okubalulekile kokwanda kwamaseli okuvezwe ukuvimba okuphelele kokuhlanganiswa kwe-DNA kanye nokuboshwa kwengxenye kwi-S phase emva kwamahora angu-48. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukustabiliza kwe-HIF kuqinise ukwehla kokuvakaliswa kwezinye izimpawu zokukhiqiza (OCT-4, NANOG, ZFP-42, TNAP) kwi-mESC ehlukana ngokuzenzakalela. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona ukwehla okubalulekile ekuvakaleni kwezinye zama-gene akhethwe njengezimpawu zokwehlukana kwamaseli (isibonelo: SOX1, BRACH T, ELF5).\n\nHypothesis:\nNgokuphetha, ukusimama kwesikhashana kwe-hypoxia kusetshenziswa izinqando ze-PHD i-JNJ ne-DMOG kanye ne-HIF akuzange kuvimbele ukulahleka okuzenzekelayo kwezimpawu ze-pluripotency ku-mESC.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-146", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-BTK inhibitor ibrutinib ibonise umthelela wokwelashwa ovelele kwi-mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli ayiphenduli kumuthi ekuqaleni. Ukuze sithole izindlela eziyisisekelo zokumelana ne-ibrutinib eqalayo kwi-MCL, sihlaziye izinguquko ze-transcriptome emazingeni amaseli ahlukahlukene anesimiso se-ibrutinib kanye nalawo amelana nayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-ibrutinib. Sithole ukuthi isignesha yegene ye-MYC yayicindezelwe yi-ibrutinib ezinhlosweni ezizwelayo kodwa hhayi emazingeni amaseli amelanayo. Sikhombisile ukuthi igene ye-MYC ayilungile ngokwesakhiwo futhi iphrotheni ye-MYC yayikhiqizwe ngokweqile kumaseli e-MCL. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucekelwa phansi kwe-MYC nge-RNA interference kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwamaseli ezinhlosweni ezizwelayo ze-ibrutinib kanye nalawo amelana nayo. Sihlolile amathuba okuvimbela i-MYC ngokusebenzisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-HSP90. Iphrotheni ye-chaperon ikhiqizwe ngokweqile kuwo womabili amazinga amaseli kanye namaseli e-MCL asuselwa ezigulini. Sikhombisile ukuthi i-MYC iyikhasimende yangempela ye-HSP90 ekuhlanganisweni kwe-MCL ngokusebenzisa kokubili i-immunoprecipitation kanye ne-chemical precipitation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbelwa kwe-HSP90 ngokusebenzisa i-PU-H71 kukhuthaze i-apoptosis futhi kubangele ukumiswa kwesayikili yamaseli. I-PU-H71 ibuye ikhombise ukuvinjelwa okunamandla futhi okuhlobene ngqo nohlelo lwe-MYC transcriptional uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ze-oncogenic. Esimweni se-xenograft esitholakala esigulini se-MCL, i-HSP90 inhibitor ivinjelela ukukhula kwesimila futhi yelulela ukuphila. Okokugcina, sikhombisile ukuthi i-PU-H71 ikhuthaze i-apoptosis futhi yehlise iphrotheni ye-MYC kumaseli e-MCL atholakala ezigulini ezazingamelana ne-ibrutinib ngokwemithetho yokwelashwa.\n\nHypothesis:\nNesiphetho, umsebenzi we-MYC ungaphansi kokwenqaba kwangaphakathi kwe-ibrutinib ku-MCL.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-147", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nI-Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) iyadingeka ekuguquleni amaseli okushisa angaphezu kwesisindo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwesigaba se-immunoglobulin (Ig) emaseliheni e-B asesikhungweni esivuthayo (GC). Ngezinye izikhathi, i-AID ingahlosela amagene angewona awe-Ig ngaleyo ndlela iqhubele phambili isifo somdlavuza wamaselikha e-B we-GC. Kamuva nje sibonise ukuthi i-kinase edlala indima enkulu ye-BCR-ABL1 iqala ukubonakalisa i-AID ngendlela engafanele ku-pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) kanye ne-lymphoid chronic myelogenous leukemia esesikhungweni sokuqhuma. Ukucacisa ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo zokubonakalisa i-AID ngendlela engafanele, sifunde ukulahleka komsebenzi we-AID ohlelweni olulingisayo lwe-BCR-ABL1 ALL emanyane. Amagundane ahlonjisiwe ngesitho somgogodla esihlaselwe nge-BCR-ABL1 AID(-/-) ayephila isikhathi eside uma eqhathaniswa namagundane ahlonjiswe namaseli esifo somdlavuza egcinwe kumaseli e-AID(+/+) esithweni somgogodla. Ngokuhambelana nendima ebangela ye-AID ekungathembeki kwezofuzo, i-AID(-/-) leukemia yayinezinga eliphansi lokwengezeka kanye nokusulwa nokudlulisa nokwengeza kwezinga eliphansi lokushintsha kwamagene angewona awe-Ig, kufaka i-Pax5 kanye ne-Rhoh uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AID(+/+) leukemias. Amaseli e-AID(-/-) ne-AID(+/+) ALL abonisa ukuhlukana kwephetheni ye-gene expression, futhi amaseli e-AID(-/-) ALL ahlulekile ukwehlisa inani lamagene afiphela isifo kufaka ne-Rhoh, i-Cdkn1a (p21), kanye ne-Blnk (SLP65).\n\nHypothesis:\nSiqeda ngokuthi i-ALL isheshisa ukuguquka kwama-clone kwi-BCR-ABL1 AID ngokuqinisa ukungastabili kwamajini nokushintsha okungafanele somatic hypermutation, kanye ngokuqondisa okungemuhle kwamajini alwa nezifo.", "label": "contradiction"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-148", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nIzinguquko ezivuselelayo ze-c-Kit zitholakala kaningi ezigulini ze-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ezinegciwane le-t(8;21) chromosomal translocation eyenza i-fusion protein ye-AML1-ETO. Lapha sibonisa ukuthi i-mutant esebenzayo ye-c-Kit isebenzisana ne-AML1-ETO ukwenza i-AML ezinhlolweni zokulungiswa komgogodla wamathambo empondweni. Amaseli e-leukemic akhombisa i-AML1-ETO nge-c-Kit(D814V) ayedluliselwa ngokulandelana. Izivivinyo zokudlulisela zibonise ukuthi amaseli e-leukemic i-lineage(-)c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) (KSL), kodwa hhayi amaseli e-leukemic lineage(+), angamele kakhulu amaseli e-leukemia stem (LSCs). Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-profile wokubonakala kwamajini phakathi kwe-KSL leukemic namaseli avamile kuveze ukuthi i-CD200R1 yayivezwe kakhulu kumaseli e-KSL leukemic uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli e-KSL avamile. Ukunyuswa kwe-CD200R1 kuqinisekiwe kumaseli e-leukemic lineage(-), kodwa hhayi kumaseli e-leukemic lineage(+). Ukuvezwa kwe-CD200R1 kumaseli e-leukemic lineage(-) akuhambisani nokuvamisa kwe-LSCs, okukhombisa ukuthi i-CD200R1 akuyona inkomba esebenzisekayo ye-LSCs kulezi zinhlelo. Okukhuthazayo, i-CD200R1 yanyuswa kumaseli e-KSL adluliselwa nge-AML1-ETO, kodwa hhayi kwezinye izinguquko ezenza i-leukemia, kufaka i-c-Kit(D814V), i-AML1(D171N), kanye ne-AML1(S291fsX300). Ngokuhambisana, ukunyuswa kwe-CD200R1 kumaseli e-leukemic lineage(-) kubonwe kuphela ku-BM yezimpuku eziphethwe yi-leukemia ene-AML1-ETO positive.\n\nHypothesis:\nEkugcineni, i-AML1-ETO yenyusa i-CD200R1 emasosheni angenayo (lineage(-)), okwakuyimpawu ye-AML1-ETO eyayikhombisa i-leukemia kumagundane.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-149", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuze sifunde indima yohlobo lwe-oncogene ye-NRAS (NRAS(G12V)) esimweni sokuba ne-acute myeloid leukemia (AML), sisebenzise uhlelo lwe-Vav promoter-tetracycline transactivator (Vav-tTA) oluhambisana nezinga le-TRE-NRAS(G12V) transgene ezimpukwini ze-Mll-AF9 knock-in ezithuthukisa i-AML. Ukucindezela okuhleliwe kokuvela kwe-NRAS(G12V) kwanciphisa kakhulu isibalo samasosha amhlophe egazini (WBC) ezimpukwini ezinalesi sifo futhi kwabangela ukufa kwamaseli e-AML afakiwe okuhambelana nokwehliswa kwesibonakaliso se-Ras/Erk. Emva kokuphela okukhulu kwamaseli e-AML, isifo se-myeloproliferative (MPD) esifana ne-AML savela kabusha esabonakaliswa amaseli angazange aveze i-NRAS(G12V). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-AML yokuqala, i-AML efana ne-MPD yabonisa ukwehliswa okubalulekile kobuhlasimulisi, ukwehliswa kwe-myelosuppression, nendlela yokukhiqiza ehlukile.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi, ku-AML ebangelwe i-transgene ye-Mll-AF9, ukuvakashwa kwe-NRAS(G12V) kunikela ekulondolozeni i-leukemia ebucayi ngokucindezela i-apoptosis kanye nokunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamacells e-leukemia.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "bionli-zu-150", "task": "NLI", "source": "BioNLI", "text": "Premise:\nUkuphindaphinda kwangaphakathi okuhlelekile (ITD) engxenyeni ye-juxtamembrane ye-Fms-efana ne-tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), kungukungahambi kahle kwemolekhuli okuvame kakhulu okuhambisana ne-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ukuvela kakhulu kwalolu guquko olwenziwayo kukwenza kube yinto ephambili ekwelashweni okusekelwe kwimolekhuli. Izivimbeli ze-indolinone tyrosine kinase zinomsebenzi owaziwa ngokumelene ne-KIT, olunye ilungu lomndeni wesithathu we-RTK. Ngenxa yokufana okugcinekile phakathi kwamalungu alomndeni, saqagela ukuthi umsebenzi wezinye izivimbeli ze-KIT uzokwanda kuze kube yi-FLT3. Sisebenzise imizila eyahlukene yamaseli e-leukemia (BaF3, MV 4-11, RS 4;11) ukuhlola umsebenzi wezakhi ze-indolinone ngokumelene nomsebenzi we-FLT3 kinase kokubili, uhlobo lwendalo (WT) kanye ne-ITD isoforms. Kokubili i-SU5416 ne-SU5614 bekunamandla okuvimba i-autophosphorylation ye-ITD ne-WT FLT3 (i-SU5416 izinga elivimba u-50% [IC(50)], 100 nM; kanye ne-SU5614 IC(50) 10 nM). Ukusebenza kwe-FLT3 okuncikile ekuvuselelweni kwezakhi zezimpawu ezehlukanisiwe ze-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kanye ne-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) kwavinjelwa futhi ngokwelashwa kwamazinga afanayo. Ukuvinjelwa kwe-FLT3 nge-SU5416 kanye ne-SU5614 kwaholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula (IC(50), 250 nM kanye ne-100 nM, ngokulandelana) kanye nokuqalisa i-apoptosis yemizila yamaseli e-leukemia ane-FLT3 ITD. Ukwelashwa kwalama seli ngesici sokukhula esihlukile (i-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) kubuyisele izimpawu ze-MAPK nokukhula kwamaseli, okukhombisa ukuqonda kwemiphumela evimbelayo eboniwe.\n\nHypothesis:\nSiphetha ngokuthi i-SU5416 ne-SU5614 ziyizinqamlajuqu ezinamandla ze-FLT3.", "label": "entailment"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-001", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Imibhalo nge-Cardiac amyloidosis (isifo senhliziyo esibangwa ukuqoqana kwamaphrotheni). Ngicela ungazise ukuthi ngingayithola kuphi imibhalo nge-Cardiac amyloidosis. Umalume wami ushone izolo ngenxa yalesi sifo. Njengoba lesi kuyisifo esitholakala kancane, futhi ukuze ngihloniphe isikhumbuzo sakhe, ngingathanda ukusabalalisa imibhalo emngcwabeni wakhe. Ngingumsebenzi omdala wesikhungo sezokwelapha sikazwelonke (i-National Institutes of Health) osethathiwe, ngakho-ke ngiyawazi amagceke uma unayo imibhalo engingayilanda khona. Ngiyabonga.", "label": "I-cardiac amyloidosis (isifo sokuqoqana kwamaphrotheni enhliziyweni) isimo sokuphazamiseka esidalwa ukubekwa kweiprotheni engajwayelekile (i-amyloid) kwizicubu zomzimba zenhliziyo. Lezi zinto ezifakwayo zenza kube nzima ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze ngendlela efanele."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-002", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Imibhalo emayelana ne-Cardiac amyloidosis (isifo senhliziyo esibangwa ukuqoqana kwamaphrotheni). Ngicela ungazise ngendlela ehloniphekile ukuthi ngingayithola kuphi imibhalo emayelana nalesi sifo. Umalume wami ushone izolo ngenxa yalesi sifo. Njengoba lesi kuyisifo esingajwayelekile, futhi ukuze ngihloniphe isikhumbuzo sakhe, ngingathanda ukusabalalisa imibhalo emkhosini womngcwabo wakhe. Ngingumsebenzi osathatha umhlalaphansi we-National Institutes of Health (NIH), ngakho-ke ngiyayazi indawo uma unayo imibhalo e-NIH engingayilanda. Ngiyabonga kakhulu.", "label": "Igama elithi \"amyloidosis\" (isifo sokugqwala kweprotheni) alibhekisele esifo esisodwa kodwa iqoqo lezigulo lapho ukugqwala okususelwa kuprotheni kubekeka emathishini njengamashidi aqoshiwe beta (beta-pleated sheets). Uhlobo lwesifo lunqunywa ukuthi iyiphi iprotheni eyenza lokhu kugqwala; yize izinhlobo ezingamashumi zichazwe, eziningi zazo zitholakala kancane kakhulu noma azinakho ukubaluleka okukhulu. Lolu hlaziyoluzogxila kakhulu ezinhlobeni eziyinhloko ze-amyloidosis ezisabalele emzimbeni wonke (systemic forms), zombili zivame ukuthinta inhliziyo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-003", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ukuphathwa ikhanda kubukeka kunguhlelo-mfanekiso lwezimo kunokuba kube ukugula okulula ukukuhlola. Manje ziningi izindlela ezintsha neziqhubekayo zokwelapha ukuphathwa ikhanda, kodwa kubukeka sengathi indlela ngayinye yokwelapha ibhekana kuphela nohlelo oluncane lwezimo; isibonelo, indodakazi yami izame izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezahlukene (\"QEEG\", \"HEG\", \"TMS\", \"topamax\", ...) ngaphandle komphumela omuhle. Ngabe kukhona ucwaningo olwenziwe ukuchaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kuziphi izinhlobo zokuphathwa ikhanda yini?", "label": "Akukho ukwelapha okuphelele kwesifo sokuphathwa ikhanda ngoba indlela esebenza ngayo emzimbeni (i-pathophysiology) ayikaziwa ngokugcwele. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha isifo sokuphathwa ikhanda ngokusebenzisa imithi: ukuvimbela ukuqubuka, noma ukudambisa izimpawu ngesikhathi kuqubuka. Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa imithi kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Imithi eyenzelwe isifo sokuwa, ukudangala, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu ukuvimbela ukuqubuka esikhathini esizayo ibonakele isebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni isifo sokuphathwa ikhanda.\n\nI-Botulinum toxin A (ubuthi obuthile obusetshenziselwa ukwelapha) ibonakele isebenza kahle ekuvikeleni isifo sokuphathwa ikhanda esikhathini eside. Ngokwendlela yokuphila, amasu okulawula ingcindezi angasiza, njengokuzivocavoca, izindlela zokuphumula, izindlela zokuzilawula (njenge-biofeedback), kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezihloselwe ukunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani nobungozi bokuqubuka kwesifo sokuphathwa ikhanda.\n\nUkwenza uhlu lwezinto ezikuhlasela ngesifo sokuphathwa ikhanda kungasiza ekushintsheni indlela yokuphila ukuze kugwemeke lokho okuhlasela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucabangela ukudla, ukudla ngesikhathi esihleliwe nezidlo ezanele, ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele, ukuyeka imithi ethile, kanye nokusungula uhlelo lokulala olufanayo nsuku zonke.\n\nUkwelashwa ngamahomoni ezokwelapha kungasiza abanye abesifazane abathi isifo sabo sokuphathwa ikhanda sibonakala sixhumene nesikhathi sabo sokuya esikhathini. Uhlelo lokulawula isisindo olwenziwa ngaphansi kweliso likadokotela luyanconywa kubantu abakhuluphele abane sifo sokuphathwa ikhanda.\n\nUkwelapha izimpawu, noma ukwelapha okuphuthumayo, ngesikhathi kuqubuka kuhlanganisa i-sumatriptan (uhlobo lwemithi yokwelapha ikhanda elibuhlungu), imithi ye-ergotamine, kanye nezidambisi zobuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen ne-aspirin. Uma lezi zindlela zokulaphwa ziqala ngokushesha, zisebenza kangcono."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-004", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ungakwazi nini  futhi kanjani ukuthi unokungaboni ebusuku (i-congenital night blindness)?", "label": "Ukungaboni ebusuku okuxhumene ne-X okuzalwa nakho okungazishintshi yisifo somkayi, okuyinto eyisitho esikhethekile ngemuva kweso esibona ukukhanya nombala. Abantu abanalesi simo ngokuvamile baba nobunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuncane (ukungaboni ebusuku). Baphinde babe nezinye izinkinga zokubona, kufaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa ukucaca (ukwehla kwamandla okubona), ukungaboni kakhulu kwezinto eziseduze (ukubona kabi okushaqile), ukuzamazama kwamehlo okungenakugwemeka (ukuthikazisa kwamehlo), namehlo angabheki ngakunye (ukuphambana kwamehlo). Ukubona umbala ngokuvamile akuthinteki yilesi simo. Izinkinga zokubona ezihambisana nalesi simo zizalwa nazo, okusho ukuthi zikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Zivame ukuhlala zingashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abacwaningi sebekwazile ukubona izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zalesi simo: isimo esiphelele nesimo esingaphelele. Lezi zinhlobo zinezimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, bonke abantu abanesimo esiphelele abakwazi ukubona ebusuku, kanti hhayi bonke abantu abanesimo esingaphelele abangaboni ebusuku. Lezi zinhlobo zahlukene ngenxa yesizathu sazo sezofuzo nangemiphumela yohlolo olukala ukusebenza komkayi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-005", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Izinguquko zegene noma izinguquko zekromozomi ze-MSUD (isifo sokuchama okumnandi sezingane)? Yiluphi ulimi lwezokwelapha nolimi olulula lwe-MSUD? Zikhona yini izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-MSUD?", "label": "Ukuguquka kwama-gene e-BCKDHA, BCKDHB, ne-DBT kungabanga isifo somchamo se-maple syrup. Lama-gene amathathu anikeza imiyalelo yokwenza amaphrotheni asebenza ndawonye njengezingxenye ezixhumene. Lezi zingxenye zephrotheni ezixhumene zibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni ama-amino acid e-leucine, i-isoleucine, ne-valine, atholakala ezinhlobeni eziningi zokudla, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunomsoco wephrotheni njengobisi, inyama, namaqanda.\n\nUkuguquka kwanoma yiliphi kulama-gene amathathu kunciphisa noma kususwe umsebenzi wezingxenye zephrotheni ezixhumene, kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwe-leucine, i-isoleucine ne-valine. Ngenxa yalokho, lama-amino acid nemiphumela yawo ayaqoqana emzimbeni.\n\nAmazinga aphezulu alezi zinto ayadlubulundisa kubuchopho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ukuqoqana kwazo kuholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zempilo ezihambisana nesifo somchamo se-maple syrup."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-006", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngazalwa nesifo sokuphuma komchamo omningi (Diabetes Insipidus, isifo sokuchama kakhulu) futhi ngisalokhu nginezinkinga eziningi kusukela iseli lasuswa ngesikhathi ngineminyaka engu-22, kanye nesifo se-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (isifo segazi esingalapheki).", "label": "I-Diabetes insipidus (isifo sokungazibambi amanzi) yisifo esingajwayelekile lapho izinso zehluleka ukuvimba ngokwanele ukuphuma kwamanzi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-007", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingahle ngibe nezibazi ezimbalwa endaweni yomgquba, futhi ngifuna ukukhuluma nomuntu othile ukuze ngithole ulwazi kanye nokusekela. Ngicela uxolo ngokukhuluma ngalesi sihloko esizwakala siyimfihlo.", "label": "Umdabuko womgodi wokuzikhulula yincozana encane noma ukudabuka kwesikhumba esithambile esihlobisa ingxenye engaphansi yomgodi wokuzikhulula (i-anus)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-008", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe lukhona yini ucwaningo oluveza ukuthi kusasele kangakanani ukuthi umuntu aqale ukubona izimpawu ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis?", "label": "Ukuvuvukala Kanye Nobuhlungu Emajoyintini Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arthritis (isifo samathambo) zinezimpawu ezahlukene. Ngokujwayelekile, abantu abanezinhlobo eziningi ze-arthritis baba nobuhlungu nokungaqini emajoyintini abo. I-Rheumatoid arthritis (isifo samathambo esibangela ukuvuvukala) ikhombisa ukuvuvukala kwesembatho sejoyinti. Loku kuvuvukala kubangela ukushisa, ukubomvu, ukudumba, kanye nobuhlungu ezungeze amajoyinti. Umuntu uphinde azizwe egula, ekhathele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abe nomkhuhlane. I-Rheumatoid arthritis ivame ukwenzeka ngendlela efanayo macala omabili omzimba. Uma idlini elilodwa noma isandla silodwa sithintekile, nelinye idlini noma isandla nalo kungenzeka sithinteke.\n\nUkuhlolwa Kokuhlaziyo I-Rheumatoid arthritis ingaba nzima ukuyihlola ezigabeni zayo zokuqala ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Akukho kuhlolwa okukodwa kwesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zihluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi zingaba nzima kwabanye abantu kunakwabanye. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-rheumatoid arthritis kufaka:\n\n- Ukuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor. I-Rheumatoid factor iwu-antibody otholakala egazini labantu abaningi abane-rheumatoid arthritis njengoba isifo siqhubeka. Kodwa-ke, hhayi bonke abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis bahlola kahle kwe-rheumatoid factor, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwesifo. Futhi, abanye abantu abahlola kahle abaze bathuthuke isifo.\n\n- Ukuhlolwa kwe-citrulline antibody. Loku kuhlolwa kwegazi kuthola ama-antibody ku-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) (izakhi ezithile egazini). Loku kuhlolwa kuvame ukuba kahle kubantu abaningi abane-rheumatoid arthritis futhi kungaba kahle iminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi izimpawu ze-rheumatoid arthritis ziqale. Uma kusetshenziswa nokuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-citrulline antibody ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlaziyo kwe-rheumatoid arthritis.\n\n- Okunye ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-rheumatoid arthritis kufaka i-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (isilinganiso sokuzika kwamaseli abomvu egazini), ekhombisa ubukhona bokuvuvukala emzimbeni, ukuhlolwa kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazini, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-anemia (ukwehla kwamaseli abomvu egazini).\n\nUkuhlaziyo Kungathatha Isikhathi Izimpawu ze-rheumatoid arthritis zingafana nezezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis kanye nezimo zamajoyinti, futhi kungathatha isikhathi ukubona ukuthi akuzona ezinye izimo. Zonke izimpawu zithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kungaba nezimpawu ezimbalwa kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala. Funda kabanzi ngendlela yokuhlaziwa kwe-rheumatoid arthritis esiZulwini sethu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-009", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe zikhona yini izincwadi zocwaningo ezikhombisa ukuthi umuntu angaqala nini ukubona izimpawu noma izinkomba ze-Rheumatoid Arthritis?", "label": "I-rheumatoid arthritis ikhombisa ukuvuvukala kwesigabashisibi sezitho zomzimba. Loku kuvuvukala kubangela ukushisa, ukubomvu, ukudumba, nokunye ubuhlungu ezithweni zomzimba. Ubuhlungu be-rheumatoid arthritis buhluka kakhulu ngendlela kumuntu nomuntu, ngezizathu odokotela abangakaziqondi ngokuphelele. Izinto ezibanga ubuhlungu zibandakanya ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwesitho somzimba, ubungako bokushisa noma ukubomva okukhona, noma umonakalo osuke wenzeka ngaphakathi kwesitho somzimba."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-010", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Esithombeni sakho esichaza 'isifo sokudideka kwengqondo' (conversion disorder), [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000954.htm], kuthiwa: \"Isifo sokudideka kwengqondo siyisimo sengqondo lapho umuntu engaboni, abe nokundindibala, noma abe nezinye izimpawu zohlelo lwemizwa ezingachazeki ngokuhlolwa kwezempilo\". Lokhu kubonakala kusho ukuthi izimpawu zomzimba ziyiqiniso, kodwa udokotela akakwazi ukuthola imbangela.\n\nOmunye umthombo uthi lesi sifo \"siyikhubazeka komzimba okungenziwa ukugula komzimba\". Ngakho-ke, ngiqonda ukuthi lezi zimpawu zibonakala ngamehlo, kodwa uma kuhlolwa imizwa noma amathambo, akutholakali bufakazi.\n\nIsibonelo, umuntu angathi akaboni. Uthisha wami uchaze ukuthi uma lomuntu ebekwa eduze kwemphetho, akaweli. Ngiqagela ukuthi nokuhlolwa kwamehlo akukhombisi lutho olungaqinisekisa ukungaboni kwakhe.", "label": "Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha akutholi imbangela ephathekayo yezimpawu. Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi angayalela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izimbangela eziphathekayo zezimpawu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-011", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sengilwe nesifo somdabuko womgodi wokuzikhulula (anal fissure) cishe iminyaka emibili manje, futhi sinqabile ukuphola sonke lesi sikhathi. Ngicela usizo: yini engingayenza? Ngiyabonga", "label": "Iningi lezingqwanga zendawo yangasese liyaphola ngokwalo futhi alidinga ukwelashwa. Ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izingqwanga zendawo yangasese ezinganeni, qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha inabukeni njalo futhi uhlanze indawo ngokucophelela.\n\nIZINGANE NABANTU ABADALA\nUkukhathazeka ngokubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokukaka kungabangela umuntu ukugwema ukukaka. Kodwa ukungakaki kuzokwenza indle ibe lukhuni kakhulu, okungenza izingqwanga zendawo yangasese zibe zimbi kakhulu.\n\nVimbela indle elukhuni nokungakwazi ukukaka ngoku:\n- Yenza izinguquko ekudleni - ukudla amakhabhu amaningi noma okokugcwalisa, njengezithelo, izitshalo, nezinhlamvu\n- Phuza amanzi amaningi\n- Sebenzisa izinto ezithambisa indle\n\nUkufaka lezi zinsinda noma amakhilimu endaweni kungathambisa isikhumba:\n- Ikhilimu yokuthulisa ubuhlungu, uma ubuhlungu buvimbela ukukaka okujwayelekile\n- I-petroleum jelly\n- I-zinc oxide, ikhilimu ye-1% hydrocortisone, i-Preparation H, neminye imikhiqizo\n\nI-sitz bath (ukugeza ngamanzi afudumele ezingeni elithile) iwukugeza okusetshenziswa ukwelapha noma ukuhlanza. Kufanele uhlale kulokhu kugeza kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Amanzi kufanele ambozele kuphela amahlombe nezinqe zakho.\n\nUma izingqwanga zendawo yangasese zingapholi ngezindlela zokunakekela ekhaya, ukwelashwa kungahlanganisa:\n- Ukujova i-Botox esihluthulweni sendawo yangasese (umsipha wokuvala wendawo yangasese)\n- Uqhaqho oluncane lokuphumuza umsipha wendawo yangasese\n- Amakhilimu amiswayo njenge-nitrates noma ama-calcium channel blockers, afakwa phezu kwengqwanga ukusiza ukuphumuza imisipha"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-012", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Indodakazi yami ine-Menkes syndrome futhi ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ngingenza kanjani ukuze athola usizo. Ngiyabonga", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukuphathwa kwe-Menkes syndrome:\n- Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: Ukuhanjiswa kwekhopela okuhlobene ne-ATP7A\n- Irejista yokuhlolwa kwegene: I-Menkes kinky-hair syndrome (isifo sezinwele ezigwegwile)\n- I-Encyclopedia ye-MedlinePlus: Ikhopela emadleni\n- I-Encyclopedia ye-MedlinePlus: I-Menkes syndrome\n\nLezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokuphathwa kwezimo ezahlukene zezempilo:\n- Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga\n- Ukwelashwa ngomuthi\n- Ukuhlinzwa nokuBuyiselwa emuva esimweni\n- Ukwelulekwa ngegene\n- Ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezingenakwelapheka (ukunakekela kweziguli eziphethwe kanzima)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-013", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "ALUKHO UNAKEKELO  LWEZEMPILO ENDODANENI YAMI EHLUPHEKA NGOKUNGAHAMBELANI KOBULILI SINGENZANI UKUYISIZA IQEDE ISIKOLE ESIPHAKEME NGAPHANDLE KWEZINKINGA MANJE AYISEBENZI FUTHI IYAZITSHELA EKAMELWENI LAYO 24/7 AKUKHO LUTHO NGALESI SIMO ENDAWENI YETHU SIHLALA E-[INDAWO]. AYIKHO USIZO ENDAWENI SINGENZANI SEYIBE NEMICABANGO EMIBI KAKHULU KAKADE SICELA NISISIZE NGOLWAZI OLUNZULU OLUTHILE SIYABONGA [IGAMA] [INDAWO] [IMINININGWANE YOKUXHUMANA]", "label": "Ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokwelashwa komndeni kuyanconywa ezinganeni ukuze kwakhiwe isimo esisekela ekhaya kanye nasezikoleni. Ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye kanye, uma kufanele, ukwelashwa kwababili kuyanconywa kubantu abadala. Ukushintsha ubulili ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa ngamahormoni kuyikhetho elikhona. Kodwa izinkinga zokuzazisa zingaqhubeka ngemuva kwalokhu kwelashwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-014", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umama wami ushone kamuva ngenxa ye-Bowel Ischemia kanye ne-Septic Shock. Umbuzo wami uthi, wayehlale ema-ER amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokuba abonwe udokotela wokuhlinza, futhi wayengakakholwa ukuthi kwakuyilesi simo. Wathi uzomubheka ekuseni uma esefakwe egumbini le-ICU (lokhu kwakungamahora angu-11 ntambama). Ngakhuluma naye okugcina ngo-12 ebusuku ngalobo busuku futhi leso kwakuyisikhathi sokugcina lapho ayenolwazi. Ngesikhathi efika e-ICU emva kwamahora angu-2-3 nje, wayengasaphenduli futhi wafakwa kwimishini yokusekela impilo. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa kamuva ngalolosuku futhi amaphesenti angu-90 esinyamazane sakhe esincane kwadingeka sisuswe. Washona ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo. Umbuzo wami kuwena uthi ngabe balinde isikhathi eside kakhulu ukwenza okuthile kuye? Ngabe wayengasindiswa ukube ukuhlinzwa kwenziwe masinyane? Ngicabanga ukuletha icala lomthetho... Ngicela ungaluleke ngezimpendulo zanoma yimiphi imibuzo yami onganginika yona. Ngiyabonga!", "label": "I-septic shock inenani eliphezulu lokufa. Inani lokufa lincike eminyakeni yesiguli nesimo sempilo saso sonke, imbangela yokutheleleka, inani lamalunga omzimba angasebenzi, nokuthi ukwelashwa okuqinile kuqalwa ngokushesha kangakanani."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-015", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umyeni wami watholwa enesifo esibizwa nge-Rocky Mountain Spotted fever (isifo sokuqubuka esibangwa yi-tick) cishe eminyakeni eyisi-6 1/2 edlule. Emva kwalokho, cishe eminyakeni eyi-1 1/2 edlule, watholwa enesifo se-Lyme Disease (esinye isifo esibangwa yi-tick). Ngokuba naye enalezi zifo zombili, yimuphi umonakalo, uma ekhona, ongenzeka emzimbeni wakhe? Ubeneziningi izinkinga zezempilo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Manje utholakale ene-Type II diabetes (isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili).", "label": "Uma kutholakala ngesikhathi sisesigabeni sokuqala, isifo sika-Lyme singalapheka ngama-antibiotics. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, izinkinga ezithinta amahlangano amathambo, inhliziyo, kanye nohlelo lwemizwa zingenzeka. Kodwa lezi zimpawu zisalapheka futhi ziyaphela. Kwesinye isikhathi esincane, umuntu uqhubeka nokuba nezimpawu eziphazamisa impilo yakhe yansuku zonke ngemva kokuba esethole ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Lokhu kuphinda kwaziwe ngokuthi yi-syndrome yesifo sika-Lyme esilandelayo. Imbangela yalolu hlobo akwaziwa. Izimpawu ezivela ngemva kokuma ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotics kungenzeka zingabi yizimpawu zosuleleko oluqhubekayo futhi kungenzeka zingaphenduli ekwelashweni ngama-antibiotics."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-016", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ubaba wami unesifo senhliziyo esibizwa nge-cardiomyopathy azalwa naso ngokofuzo. Useneminyaka engu-83 manje. Bekejwayele ukuba sezingeni eliqondile lempilo kuze kube manje. Kamuva nje, uzwe ephelelwa umoya. Futhi ulaliswe esibhedlela kabili. Odokotela bathi izifo eziningi ezahlukene zihlasela inhliziyo yakhe. Ngifuna nje ukwazi ukuthi kwenzakalani ngempela nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele aziqaphe ngokuzayo. Amathuba akhe okuphila athini? Ngicela usizo.", "label": "Umphumela uncike ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa:\n- Imbangela kanye nohlobo lwe-cardiomyopathy\n- Ukuthi isimo siphendula kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni\n- Ubungozi benkinga yenhliziyo\n\nUkuhluleka kwenhliziyo (i-heart failure) kuvamise ukuba yisifo sesikhathi eside (isikhathi eside, noma i-chronic). Kungase kube kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu bathuthuka babe nenkinga enzima yenhliziyo. Kulesi simo, imithi, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokunye ukwelashwa kungase kungasasizi. Iziguli ezinezinhlobo ezithile ze-cardiomyopathy (isifo samamasela enhliziyo) zisengozini yezinkinga eziyingozi zokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokungalungile (i-heart rhythm problems)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-017", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[NAME] ovela eNdiya. Nginombuzo owodwa. Ngihlaselwe isifo setyphoid. Ngicela ungisize. Ngithole ukwelashwa kusukela ngonyaka odlule kodwa angikaphili kahle manje. Ngicela unginikeze isixazululo? Ngiyabonga.", "label": "Amanzi kanye nama-electrolytes anganikezwa nge-i-IV (kungena emthanjeni) noma ungacelwa ukuthi uphuze amanzi anama-electrolyte packets. Ama-antibiotics anikezwa ukubulala ama-bacteria. Kukhona amazinga akhulayo okungezwani nama-antibiotics emhlabeni wonke, ngakho udokotela wakho uzohlola izincomo zamanje ngaphambi kokuqoka i-antibiotic."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-018", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "i-pneumonia engajwayelekile. kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-pneumonia engajwayelekile iphinde yenzeke ngaphansi kwenyanga eyodwa emva kokwelashwa?", "label": "Iningi leziguli ezine-pneumonia (isifo sophaphu) esibangelwa yi-mycoplasma noma i-chlamydophila ziba ngcono ngokusebenzisa ama-antibiotics (imishanguzo yokulwa nezifo) afanele. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yi-Legionella ingaba sibi kakhulu. Ingaholela ezinkingeni, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinenkinga yezinso, isifo sikashukela, i-COPD (isifo sophaphu esivimbelayo), noma uhlelo lokuvikela umzimba olubuthakathaka. Le pneumonia ingaholela nasekufeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-019", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ningithumelele imininingwane ngesifo se-fibromyalgia", "label": "I-Fibromyalgia yisifo esijwayelekile lapho umuntu ehlupheka ngobuhlungu obuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, obusakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuhambisana nokukhathala okusheshayo, izinkinga zokulala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isifo sokudumala, kanye nokwesaba. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nokuba buthaka noma ubuhlungu emajoyintini, emisipha, emasinini, kanye nakokunye okuthambile emzimbeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-020", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ungithumelele ulwazi mayelana ne-fibromyalgia.", "label": "Isifinyezo\n\nI-Fibromyalgia (isifo sobuhlungu bemisipha) yisifo esibangela ubuhlungu bama-muscle kanye nokukhathala. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bane \"zindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu\" emzimbeni. Lezi zindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu zitholakala ezindaweni ezithile entanyeni, emahlombe, emhlane, esinqeni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Lezi zindawo zibuhlungu uma zithintwa. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nezinye izimpawu, ezifana nalezi:\n\n• Ukuxakeka kokulala\n• Ukuqina ekuseni\n• Ubuhlungu bekhanda\n• Isikhathi sokuya enyangeni esibuhlungu\n• Ukubanda nokungezwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni\n• Izinkinga zokucabanga nokukhumbula (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi \"i-fibro fog\" noma ukuphazamiseka komqondo)\n\nAkekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela i-fibromyalgia. Noma ubani angayithola, kodwa ivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane abaphakathi nendawo ngeminyaka. Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis kanye nezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba bavame kakhulu ukuthola i-fibromyalgia. Ayikho imishanguzo yokwelapha i-fibromyalgia, kodwa imithi ingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho. Ukulala ngokwanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla kahle kungase futhi kusize.\n\nNIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo eMelika): I-National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-021", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Kube wusizo olukhulu emva kokufunda ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala (i-type 1 diabetes) kodwa ngingathanda ezinye iziphakamiso ezivela kuwe. Umngane wami uneminyaka engama-35 ubudala futhi sekuyinyaka enye enesifo sikashukela. Izinga lakhe likashukela lilinganiselwa phakathi kuka-100 no-120 cishe njalo uma ehlola. Ngabe zikhona yini izinkinga ezingaba khona? Uphinde aye ukuyozivocavoca futhi ahlolwe igazi njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu. Udla nokudla okulungile njengamasimu aluhlaza ahlutshiwe, amafutha e-olive kanye nokunye. Ngiyalindela impendulo yakho. Ngiyabonga.", "label": "Emva kweminyaka eminingi, isifo sikashukela singaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zempilo:\n\n- Ungaba nezinkinga zamehlo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungaboni kahle (ikakhulukazi ebusuku) nokuzwela ukukhanya. Ungaphelelwa ngokubona nya.\n\n- Izinyawo zakho nesikhumba sakho zingathola amanxeba nokutheleleka. Uma unawo lamanxeba isikhathi eside, unyawo lwakho noma umlenze ungadinga ukusikwa. Ukutheleleka kungabangela ubuhlungu nokukwenyela.\n\n- Isifo sikashukela singenza kube nzima ukulawula umfutho wegazi ne-cholesterol. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, ukushaywa ubhululu, nezinye izinkinga. Kungaba nzima ukuba igazi ligeleze ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni.\n\n- Imizwa emzimbeni ingalimala, ibange ubuhlungu, ukukwenyela, ukuba nomdlandla, nokungezwa lutho.\n\n- Ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa, ungaba nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla okudlayo. Ungezwa ubuthakathaka noma ube nenkinga yokuya endlini yangasese. Ukulimala kwemizwa kungenza kube nzima nabesilisa ukuba nenduku.\n\n- Izinga eliphezulu likashukela egazini nezinye izinkinga zingaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso. Izinso zingahle zingasebenzi kahle njengaphambilini. Zingagcina ziyekile ukusebenza, kube sekudingeka ukuba uthole ukuhlanjululwa kwegazi noma ukufakelwa izinso ezintsha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-022", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngisanda kufunda isiqephu esithunyelwe nguwe esishilo ukuthi ucwaningo lwakho lukhombisa ukuthi uthole indlela ebanga i-burning mouth syndrome. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu okutholile ungakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa. Sengibe ne-burning mouth syndrome iminyaka engu-15 futhi ngisazama ukubambelela. Kuzotholakala nini ngokushesha ukwelashwa okuhle? Ngiyingxenye yeqembu elinabantu abangaphezu kwe-500 abane-BMS. Sihlupheka kakhulu futhi sivela emhlabeni wonke. Kuzoba yini lolu kwelashwa?", "label": "Uma imbangela yokushisa komlomo itholakele, ukwelashwa kuhloswe ekuqedeni lokho okuyimbangela. Uma kungekho mbangela etholakala, ukwelashwa kungaba nzima. Lezi yizindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa uma ushiswa umlomo; sincoma kakhulu ukuthi usebenzisane nodokotela wakho ekutheni yiluphi uhlobo lokwelapha olulungele wena. Uhlobo lwemithi eyisibulala-maqhubu olubizwa ngokuthi i-clonazepam (Klonopin) umuthi wokuvimba ukuqhuma kwezicubu Imithi yokwelapha i-thrush yomlomo Imithi evimba ubuhlungu bezinzwa zomzimba Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi yokwelapha ukukhathazeka Amavithamini B Ukwelashwa ngokushintsha indlela yokucabanga nokuziphatha Iziwasho zomlomo ezikhethekile Imikhiqizo yokufaka esikhundleni samathe Icapsaicin Ngaphezu kwale mithi, lezi zinyathelo zinosizo ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokushisa komlomo: Phuza amanzi njalo Ncela izicucu zeqhwa Hlafuna i-gum engenawo ushukela Gwema izinto ezingakhathaza njengogwayi, ukudla okushisayo noma okunomlilo, iziphuzo ezinotshwala, iziwasho zomlomo eziqukethe utshwala, nemikhiqizo enobumanzi obuphezulu, njengezithelo namajusi esithrasi, kanye nomkhanako noma i-mint."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-023", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna izincwadi ezikhuluma nge-hypotension/ngokunciphisa kwengcindezi yegazi. Ungangisuggestela noma yiziphi engingakwazi ukuzithenga?", "label": "Isifinyezo Mhlawumbe usuke wezwa ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyinkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu ungabanga izinkinga. Umfutho wegazi yingcindezi yegazi lakho ephushela odongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, igxoba igazi liye emithanjeni yegazi. Umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme kakhulu uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, igxoba igazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi wokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma inhliziyo yakho iphumule, phakathi kwemishayelo, umfutho wegazi wakho uyehla. Lolu umfutho wegazi wokuphumula kwenhliziyo. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi wakho kusebenzisa lezi zinombolo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile zibhalwa enye ngaphezu noma ngaphambi kwenye, njengokuthi 120/80. Uma ukufundwa komfutho wegazi wakho kungu-90/60 noma ngaphansi, unomfutho wegazi ophansi. Abanye abantu banomfutho wegazi ophansi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abanazimpawu futhi ukufundwa kwabo okuphansi kuyinto ejwayelekile kubo. Kwabanye abantu, umfutho wegazi wehla ngaphansi kwejwayelekile ngenxa yesimo sezempilo noma imithi ethile. Abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi uma besukuma ngokushesha. Umfutho wegazi ophansi uyinkinga kuphela uma ubanga isiyezi, ukuquleka noma ezimweni ezibucayi, ukushayeka. NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Senhliziyo, Amaphaphu, neGazi"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-024", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Indodakazi yami inesifo se-Distal renal tubular acidosis. Sivela eMexico, futhi siyacabanga ukuthi ungasithumelela ulwazi olwengeziwe? Mhlawumbe ungasisebenzela inhlangano yezempilo noma yokusekelana? Angazi ncamashi.", "label": "I-distal renal tubular acidosis umkhuhlane wezinso ovela uma izinso zingakwazi ukususa ngendlela efanele ama-asidi egazini ziwafake emchanyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-asidi amaningi ahlala egazini (okwaziwa nge-acidosis, okuyisimo sokuba nama-asidi amaningi egazini)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-025", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngesifo sami. Ngicela ungithumelele noma yiziphi izincwadi ocabanga ukuthi ngingazisebenzisa. Ngibonga kakhulu, [NAME]", "label": "I-Klinefelter syndrome isimo sezofuzo esenzeka kubesilisa uma benokwengeza i-chromosomu X esingaphezulu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-026", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngithanda ukufunda kabanzi ngokwesimo sami sempilo. Ngicela ungithumelele noma yimiphi imibhalo ezifanele ocabanga ukuthi ngingayisebenzisa. Ngibonga kakhulu, [IGAMA]", "label": "I-Klinefelter syndrome iyisimo sezikromozomu esithinta ukuthuthuka komzimba kanye nokucabanga kwabesilisa. Izimpawu zayo zihluka phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo. Abantu abathintekayo bavame ukuba namasende amancane angakhiqizi i-testosterone njengenjwayelo. I-testosterone ihomoni elawula ukuthuthuka kowesilisa ngaphambi kokuzalwa nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa.\n\nUkuntuleka kwe-testosterone kungaholela:\n- Ekuvuthweni okubambezelekile noma okungaphelele\n- Ukukhula kwamabele (i-gynecomastia)\n- Ukuncipha kwezinwele zobuso nomzimba\n- Ukungakwazi ukuba nezingane ngokwemvelo (ukungabi nanzalo)\n\nAbanye abantu abathintekayo banamahluko ezitho zangasese kufaka phakathi:\n- Amasende angawelanga (i-cryptorchidism)\n- Ukuvuleka kwe-urethra ngaphansi komsila (i-hypospadias)\n- Umsila omncane ngokungajwayelekile (i-micropenis)\n\nIzingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala abane-Klinefelter syndrome bavame ukuba bade kunontanga babo. Uma beqhathaniswa nabesilisa abangathintekile, abantu abadala abane-Klinefelter syndrome basengcupheni enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza webele kanye nesifo esibucayi esibizwa nge-systemic lupus erythematosus. Amathuba abo okuthola lezi zifo afana nawesifazane emphakathini jikelele.\n\nIzingane ezine-Klinefelter syndrome zingaba nobunzima bokufunda kanye nokubambezeleka ekukhulumeni nasekuthuthukeni kolimi. Zivame ukuba bathule, bazwelane, futhi bangabi nesibindi, kodwa izimpawu zobuntu zihluka phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-027", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingakwazi kanjani ukususa lezi zinsekabili? Mina nomama sizame izinto eziningi ukususa lezi zinambuzane kodwa azihambanga. Siyimindeni egeza kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Asikaze siqonde ukuthi zingasihlasela kanjani. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngabe ukuwasha izingubo zethu kuyindlela engcono yini yokuziqeda lezi zinto? Kubonakala sengathi akusebenzanga kithi. Ngakho-ke zikhona yini ezinye izindlela esingazizama?", "label": "Ukuze ususe izimbungulu, thatha lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:   - Geza njalo ukuze ususe izimbungulu namaqanda azo.   - Shintsha izingubo zakho njalo.   - Geza izingubo ngamanzi ashisayo (okungenani 130°F/54°C) bese uzomisa ngemishini esebenzisa umjikelezo oshisayo.   - Izinto ezingeke zigezwe, njengezinto zokudlala ezigcwaliswayo, amatrasi, noma ifenisha, zingasulwa ngokuphelele ngemishini yokufunxa ukuze kususwe izimbungulu namaqanda awe emzimbeni.   Udokotela wakho angakuchazela ikhilimu yesikhumba noma umuthi wokugeza oqukethe i-permethrin, i-malathione, noma i-benzyl alcohol. Uma isimo sakho sibi kakhulu, udokotela angakuchazela umuthi owuphuza ngomlomo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-028", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo sikaTay sachs kanye nesifo sonyawo olugobile   1. Yini isifo sikaTSD/isifo sonyawo olugobile, futhi sihlukumeza kanjani umntwana  2. Yini imbangela yalezi zifo zombili? Ngabe zingavikelwa, zelashwe, noma ziqedwe nya  3. Sivame kangakanani isifo sikaTSD? Sivame kangakanani isifo sonyawo olugobile  4. \"I-ejensi\" yakho (inhlangano yosizo) ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezikhathazekile ngalesi simo esitholakala ngokuzalwa, futhi ngabe kukhona izindleko? Uma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa ngingabonga. Ngicela uphendule ngokushesha okukhulu.", "label": "I-Talipes equinovarus isimo somzimba esidalwe ngokuzalwa lapho unyawo luphenduka ngaphakathi futhi phansi. Imbangela yalesi simo ayaziwa, nakuba kungenzeka sidluliswe ngomlando womndeni ezikhathini ezithile. Lesi simo senzeka cishe koyedwa kubantu abayinkulungwane abazalwayo. Ukwelashwa kungahlanganisa ukususa unyawo endaweni efanele nokusebenzisa isigqoko sokunqanda ukulunyakazisa ukulugcina lapho. Le nqubo yenziwa kancane kancane esikhathini eside. Ezimweni ezinzima, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-029", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo sikaTay sachs kanye nonyawo olugobile   1. Yini i-TSD/Unyawo olugobile, futhi luhlukumeza kanjani umntwana  2. Yini imbangela yalokhu kokubili? Kungavinjwa, ukwelashwa, noma kuphulukiswe  3. Ivame kangakanani i-TSD? Luvame kangakanani unyawo olugobile  4. \"I-ejensi\" yakho ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezikhathazekile ngalesi simo somzimba esizalwa naso, futhi kukhona yini izindleko?  Uma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa ngingabonga, ngicela ungiphendule ngokushesha okukhulu.", "label": "Unyawo olugwegwe luyisimo esijwayelekile kakhulu sokukhubazeka kwezitho zomzimba esizalwa naso ezinyaweni. Singaba sincane futhi silula ukuguquka noma sibe sibi kakhulu futhi siqinile. Imbangela ayaziwa, kodwa lesi simo ezinyaweni singadluliswa emndenini kwamanye amacala. Izinto ezingaba yingozi zifaka phakathi umlando womndeni walesi simo nokuba owesilisa. Lesi simo senzeka cishe koyedwa noma ngaphezulu kubantwana abayi-1,000 abazalwa bephila."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-030", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo seTay sachs kanye nonyawo oluguqukile   1. Yini isifo seTay sachs/unyawo oluguqukile, futhi luthinta kanjani ingane  2. Yini edala lezi zifo zombili? Kungavikeleka, kulashwe, noma kuphulukiswe yini?  3. Sivame kangakanani isifo seTay sachs? Livame kangakanani unyawo oluguqukile  4. Inhlangano yakho ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezinokwesaba ngalesi simo sokudalwa, futhi kukhona yini izindleko?  Ngingabonga uma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa, ngicela uphendule ngokushesha okukhulu.", "label": "Isifo sikaTay-Sachs siwukufa okuthile okuthelelwanayo okubangela ukubhujiswa okuqhubekayo kwamaseli emithambo yomzwa ekhanda nasemgogodleni. I-Tay-Sachs ibangelwa ukungabikho kwenzayimu ebalulekile ebizwa nge-hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A) (enzayimu ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamaseli). Ngaphandle kwe-Hex-A, isithako esinomafutha, noma i-lipid, esibizwa nge-GM2 ganglioside siqoqana ngokungajwayelekile emaseline, ikakhulukazi emaseline emithambo yomzwa ekhanda. Lokhu kuqoqana okuqhubekayo kubangela umonakalo oqhubekayo emaseline emithambo yomzwa. Isifo sikaTay-Sachs sithelelwana ngendlela ye-autosomal recessive (indlela yokudlulisela isifo lapho zombili izicubu zofuzo kumele zibe nenkinga)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-031", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlu lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo sika-Tay Sachs kanye nonyawo olushaya phansi:\n\n1. Yini i-TSD/unyawo olushaya phansi, futhi luthinta kanjani ingane?\n\n2. Yini imbangela yakho kokubili? Kungagwenyeka? Kungalashwa? Kungaphulukiswa?\n\n3. I-TSD ivame kangakanani? Unyawo olushaya phansi luvame kangakanani?\n\n4. \"Inhlangano\" yakho ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezikhathazekile ngalesi simo sokuphazamiseka komzimba esizalwa naso, futhi ingabe kukhona izindleko?\n\nUma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa ngingabonga. Ngicela uphendule ngokushesha.", "label": "Isifo sikaTay-Sachs siyisifo esitholakala ngokuzalwa esibulala kancane kancane amasosha omzimba (amaneuroni) ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesifo sikaTay-Sachs luvela ezinganeni. Izingane ezinalesi sifo zibukeka ziqhelile kuze kufike izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, lapho ukukhula kwazo kuqala ukuhlehlela emuva futhi imisipha yokuhamba ibe buthakathaka. Izingane ezithintekile zilahlekelwa yikhono lokuphenduka, lokuhlala, kanye nokukhasa. Ziphinde zibe nokwethuka okukhulu uma zizwa umsindo omkhulu. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, izingane ezinesifo sikaTay-Sachs ziba nezithuthwane, ukulahlekelwa wukubona nokuzwa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kanye nokufa uhlangothi. Inkinga ehlola amehlo ebizwa ngokuthi indawo ebomvu okwesheri, engabonwa uma kuhlolwa amehlo, iyimpawu ekhombisa lesi sifo. Izingane ezinalolu hlobo olubi lwesifo sikaTay-Sachs ngokuvamile ziphila kuphela kuze kube sebuncaneni.\n\nEzinye izinhlobo zesifo sikaTay-Sachs azivamile kakhulu. Izimpawu zingavela ebunganeni, ebusheni, noma ebudaleni futhi ziba buthakathaka kunalezo ezibonakala ezinganeni. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zibandakanya ukuba buthakathaka kwemisipha, ukulahlekelwa wukuxhumana kwemisipha (i-ataxia, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa imisipha ngendlela efanele) nezinye izinkinga zokuhamba, izinkinga zokukhuluma, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Lezi zimpawu zihluka kakhulu kubantu abanezinhlobo zesifo sikaTay-Sachs ezivela kamuva."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-032", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlelo lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo sika-Tay Sachs kanye nonyawo olugwegwile   1. Yini i-TSD/unyawo olugwegwile, futhi luthinta kanjani ingane?  2. Yini imbangela yalokhu kokubili? Kungavikelwa, kuyelapheke, noma kuphele nya?  3. Sivame kangakanani isifo sika-Tay Sachs? Livame kangakanani unyawo olugwegwile?  4. \"I-ejensi\" yakho ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezikhathazekile ngalesi simo esizalwa naso, futhi zikhona izindleko? Uma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa ngingabonga, ngicela ungiphendule ngokushesha.", "label": "Ayikho indlela eyaziwa yokuvikela lesi simo sezinzwa. Ukuhlolwa kwamajini kungathola ukuthi unegeni engadlulisela lesi simo. Uma wena noma umlingani wakho nivela emphakathini osengcupheni, kukhuthazwa ukuthi nihlolwe ngaphambi kokuqala umndeni. Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi akhisela ingane esibelethweni (umzanyana) kungahlonza isifo sika-Tay-Sachs ngaphambi kokuthi ingane izalwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-033", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginohlelo lwemibuzo mayelana nesifo seTay-Sachs kanye nonyawo olugwegwile   1. Yini isifo seTay-Sachs/unyawo olugwegwile, futhi lubaphatha kanjani abantwana  2. Yini imbangela yalezi zinto zombili? Kungavikelwa, kulashwe, noma kuphulukiswe  3. Sivame kangakanani isifo seTay-Sachs? Sivame kangakanani unyawo olugwegwile  4. \"Inhlangano\" yakho ingasiza kanjani owesifazane/izithandani ezikhathazekile ngalesi simo esizalwa naso, futhi kukhona yini izindleko ?  Uma ungaphendula le mibuzo embalwa ngingabonga kakhulu , ngicela uphendule ngokushesha okukhulu.", "label": "Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaTay-Sachs ngokwaso, kuphela izindlela zokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-034", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe imidwa yezicubu zezindlebe ihlale ikhombisa isifo senhliziyo futhi iyisiqiniseko sehlaselo lenhliziyo elizokwenzeka noma nini? Yiziphi ezinye izizathu? Ngineminyaka engu-56 futhi nginezindlebe ezinemibobo kodwa angisawagqoki amacici eminyakeni eminingi. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule ngingadli inyama kakhulu, uma ngiyidla ngidla inkukhu noma inhlanzi, mhlawumbe inyama yenkomo eminyakeni emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi kungaba yi-hamburger engenamafutha kakhulu. Uma unesifo se-arteriosclerosis (ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi), ingabe kukhona indlela yokulwa naso noma yokulibuyisela emuva?", "label": "Into ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque ingakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni (amacoronary arteries). Le plaque yenziwe ngamakolesteroli namanye amaseli. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka uma:   - Kukhona ukudabuka kwe-plaque. Lokhu kuqala amaplatelethi egazi nezinye izinto ukwakha isigaxa segazi (i-blood clot) kuleso sikhala elivimba ingxenye enkulu noma yonke yegazi elithwala i-oxygen ekufanele ligeleze ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo. Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.   - Ukwakheka kweplaque kancane kunganciphisa omunye wemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ngendlela yokuthi ucishe uvaliwe.   Kunoma yisiphi isimo, alikho igazi elanele eligelezela umsipha wenhliziyo futhi umsipha wenhliziyo uyafa. Imbangela yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ayaziwa njalo.   Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungenzeka:   - Uma uphumule noma ulele   - Ngemva kokwenyuka okusheshayo kwemisebenzi yomzimba   - Uma wenza imisebenzi yomzimba ngaphandle emakhazeni   - Ngemva kokwethuka okusheshayo, okukhulu ngokomoya noma ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukugula   Izinto eziningi ezingabeka impilo engcupheni (risk factors) zingaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-035", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe imidwa esezindlebeni ihlale ikhombisa isifo senhliziyo futhi ikhombisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kuzokwenzeka? Yiziphi ezinye izizathu? Ngineminyaka engu-56 futhi nginezindlebe ezigqotshiwe kodwa angizange ngigqoke amacici eminyakeni eminingi. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule ngidla inyama kancane kakhulu, uma ngiyidla kuba yinkukhu noma inhlanzi, mhlawumbe inyama yenkomo eminyakeni emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi kungaba yibhega elinganonile kakhulu. Uma unesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi (arteriosclerosis), ngabe kukhona indlela yokusibuyisela emuva?", "label": "Isifo senhliziyo esiphathelene nemithambo yegazi\n\nUkushaywa yinhliziyo (i-heart attack) kwenzeka uma ukuhamba kwegazi elinothile i-oksijeni endaweni yomsipha wenhliziyo kuvinjwa ngokuzuma futhi inhliziyo ingakwazi ukuthola i-oksijeni. Ukushaywa yinhliziyo okuningi kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo esiphathelene nemithambo yegazi (i-CHD).\n\nI-CHD isimo lapho into ebizwa ngeplaque (okuyinto efana namafutha) eyakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo. Le mithambo yegazi ihlinzeka igazi elinothile i-oksijeni enhliziyweni yakho. Uma iplaque ikhula emithanjeni yegazi, lesi simo sibizwa nge-atherosclerosis (ukuqina nokuvala kwemithambo yegazi).\n\nUkukhula kweplaque kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi. Ekugcineni, indawo yeplaque ingaqhuma ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuba igazi libe yiqhwaga phezu kwendawo yeplaque. Uma iqhwaga liba likhulu ngokwanele, lingavimba ukuhamba kwegazi ngomthambo wegazi wenhliziyo.\n\nUma ukuvinjwa kungalashwa ngokushesha, ingxenye yomsipha wenhliziyo iyafa. Isicubu senhliziyo esiphilile sishintshwa ngesicubu sesibazi. Lolu lonakala lwenhliziyo lungangabonakali, noma lungabangela izinkinga ezinzima.\n\nUkuhlukumezeka komthambo wegazi wenhliziyo\n\nImbangela engajwayelekile yokushaywa yinhliziyo ukuhlukumezeka okushaqisayo komthambo wegazi wenhliziyo. Ukuhlukumezeka kuqeda ukuhamba kwegazi ngomthambo wegazi. Kungenzeka emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo engathintekile yi-atherosclerosis.\n\nImbangela yokuhlukunyezwa komthambo wegazi wenhliziyo ayihlale icacile. Kungahlobana nalokhu:\n- Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile, njengekhokheyini\n- Ukucindezeleka kwemizwa noma ubuhlungu\n- Ukuba semazingeni aphansi kakhulu\n- Ukubhema\n\nUmdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa ukuthi ukukhula kweplaque noma ukuhlukumezeka komthambo wegazi wenhliziyo kungaholela kanjani ekushayekeni yinhliziyo. Chofoza \"qala\" ukuze ubuke umdwebo. Izincazelo zinikezwe nomfanekiso ngamunye. Ungasebenzisa izinkinobho ngaphansi ukuze ulawule umdwebo. Umdwebo ukhombisa ukuthi ukuvimbeka kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi wenhliziyo kungaholela kanjani ekushayekeni yinhliziyo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-036", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Indodana yami izalwe ne-alopecia totalis kanye nokuvuvuka okuzungeze amehlo, simenzele i-Whole Exome Sequencing (ukuhlolwa kwegene yonke), bathole ukuguquka okungase kube yingozi ku-SOX18 gene, okusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwesifo se-hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome. Ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ngingakwelapha lokhu yini noma kukhona yini esingakwenza ukusiza izimpawu. Ngicela usizo oluphuthumayo.", "label": "I-Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome (HLTS) isimo esithile esiyinkimbinkimbi esingavamile esihambisana nezinwele ezimbalwa (i-hypotrichosis, okuchaza izinwele ezingekho ziningi), i-lymphedema, kanye ne-telangiectasia, ikakhulukazi ezingaphakathini zezandla. Izimpawu ziqala ngokuvamile ekuzalweni noma ebuncaneni bokuqala futhi ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-HLTS icatshangelwa ukuthi ibangelwa izinguquko (mutations) egene ye-SOX18. Ingalandela ukudluliselwa kofuzo okuhamba ngendlela ye-autosomal dominant (lapho igene elilodwa elingalungile lingenela) noma ye-autosomal recessive (lapho amagene amabili angalungile adingeka), kuye ngomndeni othintekile. Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwalesi simo. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ezimpawini ezikhona kumuntu ngamunye."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-037", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Kwenzakalani esigulini sesifo sikashukela uma izinga likashukela egazini likhushulwa? Yiliphi ingxenye yomzimba phakathi kwebuchopho, isisu noma ibhodlela lomchamo? Kungani ibhodlela lomchamo liba nsundu kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye zomzimba?", "label": "Isifinyezo\nIsifo sikashukela sisho ukuthi amazinga kashukela (i-glucose) egazini lakho aphakeme kakhulu. Ngesigaba sesibili sesifo sikashukela, esijwayelekile kakhulu, umzimba wakho awukhiqizi noma awusebenzisi kahle i-insulin. I-insulin iwuhlobo lwehomoni elisiza ushukela ukuba ungene emasosheni akho ukuze uwanike amandla. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ushukela omningi kakhulu uhlala egazini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ushukela ophakeme egazini ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zenhliziyo, amehlo, izinso, imizwa, kanye namazinyo nezinsini.\n\nUnethuba elikhulu lokuba nesifo sikashukela sesigaba sesibili uma umdala, unesisindo esikhulu, unezihlobo ezine-diabetes, noma ungajimi. Ukuba nesimo esandulela isifo sikashukela naso senyusa ubungozi bakho. Lesi simo sisho ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazini uphakeme kunokujwayelekile kodwa akuphakeme ngokwanele ukuba sibizwe ngokuthi isifo sikashukela.\n\nIzimpawu zesifo sikashukela sesigaba sesibili zivela kancane. Abanye abantu abaziboni nhlobo izimpawu. Izimpawu zingabandakanya:\n\n• Ukuba nomanzi kakhulu\n• Ukuchama kaningi\n• Ukuzwa ulambe kakhulu noma ukhathele\n• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kokuzama\n• Ukuba nezilonda eziphola kancane\n• Ukuba nokubona okungenami\n\nUkuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhombisa uma unesifo sikashukela. Olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa, i-A1C, lungabuye luhlole ukuthi ulawula kanjani isifo sakho sikashukela. Abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukulawula isifo sabo sikashukela ngokudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca, nokutesta ushukela wegazini. Abanye abantu badinga nokuthatha imithi yesifo sikashukela.\n\nIsikhungo Sikazwelonke Sesifo Sikashukela Nezifo Zokugaya Nezinso (NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-038", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "I-TMAU (Trimethylaminuria, isifo esibangela umzimba unuke kabi). Ngicela uthole indlela yokucwaninga i-TMAU nokuthi ingalashwa kanjani ngokwelashwa kwamajini. Sengikhathele ukunuka njengenhlanzi/indle nokukhulunyelwa kabi zonke izinsuku zempilo yami.", "label": "I-Trimethylaminuria isifo lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukuqhekeza i-trimethylamine, inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali esinephunga elinamandla elinuka kakhulu. I-Trimethylamine ichazwe njengephunga elifana nenhlanzi ebozile, amaqanda abolile, udoti, noma umchamo. Njengoba lesi sakhiwo siqoqana emzimbeni, sibangela ukuthi abantu abathintekile bakhiphe iphunga elinamandla emjulukweni wabo, emchameni, nasekuphefumuleni kwabo. Amandla ephunga angahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iphunga lingaphazamisa izingxenye eziningi zempilo yemihla ngemihla, lithikameze ubudlelwano bomuntu, impilo yomphakathi, nomsebenzi. Abanye abantu abane-trimethylaminuria baba nokudangala nokwehlukaniseka nomphakathi ngenxa yalesi simo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-039", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingakuthokozela uma ungangithumelela noma ungithumelele nge-imeyili eminye imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca yomuntu ohlushwa ukufa uhlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo elinesifo samathambo esikhathaza. Ngaphandle kwalokho ngiyakwazi ukugoqa umzimba.. ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [CONTACT], I-imeyili yami ithi [CONTACT] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]", "label": "Istrokhi siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo. Kudingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Shayela u-9-1-1 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha noma ufune unakekelo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo uma ubona izimpawu zokuqala zestrokhi. Abantu abanezimpawu zestrokhi kufanele baye esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.\n\nUma istrokhi sibangelwa yigazi eliqinile, kunganikezwa umuthi wokuhlakazela igazi eliqinile.\n\nUkuze kube nemiphumela emihle, lolu kwelapha kufanele luqale phakathi kwamahora ama-3 kuya kwama-4 nohhafu kusukela lapho izimpawu ziqala khona. Uma lolu kwelapha luqala ngokushesha, kuba namathuba amahle okuba nemiphumela emihle.\n\nOkunye ukwelashwa okunikezwa esibhedlela kuncike esimweni esibangele istrokhi. Lokhu kungabandakanya:\n- Izincibilikisi zegazi ezifana ne-heparin (umuthi wokuvimbela ukuqina kwegazi), i-warfarin (Coumadin), i-aspirin, noma i-clopidogrel (Plavix)\n- Imithi yokulawula izinto ezingabeka engcupheni, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-cholesterol ephakeme\n- Izinqubo ezikhethekile noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu noma kuvinjelwe ezinye izitrokhi\n- Izakhamzimba kanye namanzi\n\nUkwelapha ngokwezomzimba, ukwelapha ngokwemisebenzi, ukwelapha ngokwenkulumo, kanye nokwelapha ukugwinya konke kuzokwenziwa esibhedlela. Uma umuntu enenkinga enkulu yokugwinya, kuzodingeka ukufakwa kwepayipi lokudla esiswini (i-gastrostomy tube).\n\nInhloso yokwelapha ngemuva kwesitrokhi ukusiza ukuthi uthole ukusebenza okuningi ngendlela okungenzeka ngayo futhi kuvimbele ezinye izitrokhi esikhathini esizayo.\n\nUkubuyela esimweni kusukela estrokhini sakho kuzoqala ngesikhathi usesesibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokubuyisela esimweni. Kuzokuba kuqhubeka uma uya ekhaya usuka esibhedlela noma esikhungweni. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela umnikezi wakho wokunakekela ezempilo ngemuva kokuba uye ekhaya."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-040", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingathokoza uma ungangithumelela noma ungithumelele nge-imeyili eminye imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca yomuntu oshaywe  isifo sohlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo elinei-arthritis. Ngaphandle kwalokho nginekhono lokugoqa.. ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [CONTACT], I-imeyili yami ithi [CONTACT] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]", "label": "Ngokujwayelekile kunezigaba ezintathu zokwelashwa kwesifo somopho: ukuvikela, ukwelashwa ngokushesha emva kwesifo somopho, kanye nokuvuselela emva kwesifo somopho.\n\nAmasu okuvikela isifo somopho sokuqala noma esiphindayo asekelwe ekwelapheni izimo ezingabangela isifo somopho kumuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kubandakanya umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungalawuleki, kanye nesifo sikashukela.\n\nAmasu okwelapha isifo somopho esisheshayo azama ukumisa isifo somopho ngesikhathi sisenzeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushesha ngokuncibilikisa isithiyo segazi esibangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo (isifo somopho se-ischemic) noma ngokumisa ukopha ebuchosheni (isifo somopho se-hemorrhagic).\n\nUkuvuselela emva kwesifo somopho kusiza abantu ukuthi banqobe ukukhubazeka okubangwa umonakalo wesifo somopho.\n\nUkwelashwa ngemithi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwelapha isifo somopho. Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zemithi esetshenziswa ukuvikela noma ukwelapha isifo somopho yilezi:\n- Ama-antithrombotics (imishanguzo evimbela ukubumbana kwegazi):\n  * Ama-antiplatelet agents (avimbela ukunamathela kwamasosha egazi)\n  * Ama-anticoagulants (anciphisa ukuqina kwegazi)\n- Ama-thrombolytics (ancibilikisa izithiyo zegazi)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-041", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingakujabulela uma ungangithumela noma  i-imeyili ezinye izilolongo zomuntu oshaywe  isifo sohlangothi. Angikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yedolo eline-arthritic.Noma kunjalo ngiyakwazi ukunyakaza. Ikheli lami lasekhaya lithi [ADDRESS], I-imeyili yami ithi [EMAIL] (mailto:[CONTACT]) Ngiyabonga, [NAME]", "label": "Ngokwesifo sohlangothi, ukwelashwa kuncike isigaba sesifo. Kunezigaba ezintathu zokwelapha isifo sohlangothi: ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesifo sohlangothi, kanye nokubuyisela isimo endaweni ngemva kwesifo sohlangothi. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa imithi, ukunqanyulwa noma ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokubuyisela isimo endaweni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-042", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe kukhona indlela ongangithumelela ngayo ulwazi mayelana nalezi zimo ezimbili zenhliziyo? Indodana yami kuzomele ekugcineni ihlolwe ngazo, futhi ngingathanda nje ulwazi ukuze ngiqonde zombili izimo zenhliziyo kangcono.", "label": "I-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) yisimo lapho umsipha wenhliziyo uba nkulu. Kaningi, yingxenye eyodwa yenhliziyo kuphela egqama kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye. Ukugqama lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi liphume enhliziyweni, okuphoqa inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze ngokwedlulele ukushubisa igazi. Kungaphinde kwenze kube nzima ukuthi inhliziyo ikhululeke futhi igcwale igazi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-043", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe kukhona indlela ongangithumela ngayo ulwazi ngalezi zimo zombili eziphathelene nenhliziyo? Indodana yami kuzomele ihlolwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngifuna nje ulwazi ukuze ngiqonde kangcono izimo zombili lezi.", "label": "I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome yisimo lapho kunendlela yomsinga kagesi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni. Lesi simo singaholela ekushesheni kwezinga lenhliziyo (i-tachycardia, okungukuthi ukusheshelwa kakhulu kwenhliziyo). I-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ngenye yezimbangela ezijwayelekile zezinkinga zokusheshelwa kwenhliziyo ezinsaneni nasezinganeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-044", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingumveterani wasoLwandle waseVietnam. Ukwelashwa kwami okujwayelekile kwesitrokhi kuhlulekile ngendlela embi kakhulu.", "label": "Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela i-stroke (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yobuchopho), ukwelapha isifo sohlangothi noma ukulungisa umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi noma ukungakheki kahle ngaphakathi nangaseduze kobuchopho. I-Carotid endarterectomy yindlela yokuhlinza lapho udokotela esusa izidudla zamafutha, noma i-plaque, ngaphakathi kwemithambo ye-carotid. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuvimbela  isifo sohlangothi. Imithambo ye-carotid itholakala entanyeni futhi iyona engumsuka omkhulu wegazi eliya ebuchosheni.\n\nNgaphezu kokuhlinza, kukhona izindlela ezahlukene ezithuthukisiwe ezivumela ukuthi ezinye zezinkinga zemithambo zelashwe ngaphakathi kwemithambo kusetshenziswa ama-catheter akhethekile ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi. I-catheter yishubhu elincane kakhulu, elithambile elingafakwa kwelinye lama-artery amakhulu emlenzeni noma engalweni bese liqondiswa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kuze kufike kumthambo ophathekile. Odokotela abaqeqeshelwe i-angiography (ukuhlolwa kwemithambo yegazi) badlula oqeqeshweni olwengeziwe ukwelapha izinkinga emithanjeni yobuchopho noma umgogodla. Laba odokotela babizwa ngokuthi ama-neurointerventionalist (odokotela abaqeqeshelwe ukungenelela kwezobuchopho).\n\nI-Angioplasty isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabelaphi be-angiography ukuvula imithambo yenhliziyo evaliwe, futhi iphinde isetshenziswe ukuvimbela i-stroke. I-Angioplasty yindlela lapho i-catheter ekhethekile ifakwa emthanjweni ovaliwe bese ibhaluni ekugcineni kwe-catheter ivutshelwa ukuvula umthambo ovaliwe. Le ndlela yenza ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni.\n\nI-Stenting enye indlela esetshenziswa ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi. Kule ndlela, umelaphi we-angiography ufaka i-catheter emthanjweni osesidlangaleni bese ebeka isihloko se-catheter ngaphakathi komthambo ovaliwe. I-stent yithuluzi elifana nethubhu elenziwe ngendlela efana nenethiwekhi engashelwa endaweni yayo ngaphezulu kwe-catheter. Uma ibekwa ngaphakathi kwendawo evaliwe, i-stent iyakhuliswa ukwandisa umthambo bese i-catheter iyakhishwa. I-Angioplasty noma i-stenting yomthambo we-carotid ingenza ukuthi izingcezu ze-plaque ephathekile zidedele. Ithuluzi elifana nesambulela liqhutshwa okwesikhashana ngaphezulu ukuvimbela lezi zingcezu ukuthi zingayi ebuchosheni.\n\nAbelaphi be-angiography ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa amathuluzi okususa amahluli ukwelapha iziguli ezinesifo sohlangothi ezisigabeni sokuqala kakhulu. Elinye ithuluzi lifaka i-catheter ngaphakathi komthambo kuze kufike endaweni evimbekile bese kumunyelwa ngaphandle ihluli. Elinye ithuluzi elifana nopende wewayini lingakhishwa ekugcineni kwe-catheter bese lisetshenziswa ukubamba ihluli nokuyikhipha. Imithi ingaphinde ijovwe ngaphandle kwe-catheter ngqo ehluline ukusiza ukuncibilikisa ihluli."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-045", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umfowethu udinga ukwelashwa kwesifo sokubuna kwemisipha", "label": "Azikho izindlela ezaziwa zokwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphela kwamandla emisipha. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqapha izimpawu. Ukwelashwa ngokulolonga umzimba kungasiza ukugcina amandla nemisebenzi yemisipha. Izinsiza zokuhamba emilenzeni kanye nesihlalo esinamasondo kungathuthukisa ukuhamba kanye nokunakekela. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa komgogodla noma imilenze kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Amaphilisi okunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngezinye izikhathi ayachazwa ezinganeni ezine-muscular dystrophy ukuzigcina zihamba isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Umuntu kufanele abe matasatasa kangangokuba engakwazi. Ukungabi namsebenzi nhlobo (njengokucambalala embhedeni) kungenza isifo sibe sibi kakhulu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-046", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, ngingumfundi webanga le-12 owenza umsebenzi wocwaningo ngezimo zezifo zezinzwa. Ngabe ukholelwa ukuthi kuyoke kube khona ukwelapha okuphelele nokuqinisekisiwe kwe-Multiple Sclerosis? Uma kunjalo, yiluphi uhlelo lwesikhathi ongalubeka kulokhu kwelapha?", "label": "Akukho ukwelapha okwaziwa kwe-MS okwamanje. Kodwa, kukhona ukwelashwa okungahle kunciphise isifo. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqapha izimpawu nokukusiza ugcine izinga lempilo eliqondile. Imithi ivame ukuthathwa isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:- Imithi yokunciphisa isifo- Ama-corticosteroid ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa- Imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokugwegwezela kwezicubu, izinkinga zokuzikhulula, ukukhathala, noma izinkinga zokuphatheka kwengqondoImithi isebenza kahle kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-MS olubuyayo-luyeke kunezinye izinhlobo ze-MS. Lokhu okulandelayo kungabasiza futhi abantu abane-MS:- Ukwelashwa ngokwenyama, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ukwelashwa kokusebenza, namaqembu okusekela- Izinsiza ezisizayo, njengezitulo ezinamasondo, izinsiza zokusiza ukuphakama embhedeni, izitulo zokugeza, izinsiza zokuhamba, nezibambelelo zaseludongeni- Uhlelo lokuzikhulisa oluhleliwe ekuqaleni kwesifo- Indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukulondeka okuphelele nokuphumula okwanele- Ukugwema ukukhathala, ingcindezi, ukushisa nokubanda okukhulu, nokugula- Ukushintsha ukudla noma ukuphuza uma kunezinkinga zokugwinya- Ukwenza izinguquko ekhaya ukuvimbela ukuwa- Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle noma ezinye izinsizakalo zokwaluleka ukusiza ukumelana nesifo nokuthola usizo- I-Vitamin D noma ezinye izithasiselo (khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala)- Izindlela ezigcwele nezengeziwe, njengokucindezela ngeminwe noma insangu yezokwelapha, ukusiza ngezinkinga zezicubu"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-047", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, ngingumfundi webanga le-12 owenza umsebenzi wocwaningo mayelana nezifo zezinzwa. Ngabe ukholelwa ukuthi kuyoke kube khona ukwelashwa okugcwele nokuqinisekisiwe kwe-Multiple Sclerosis (isifo esithinta izinzwa nemisipha)? Uma kunjalo, ungalinganisa ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi lolo kwelashwa lutholakale?", "label": "Akukabibikho ukwelapha i-MS. Abantu abaningi baphila kahle ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba imithi eminingi inezingozi ezinkulu futhi eminye inobungozi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintathu ze-beta interferon (i-Avonex, i-Betaseron, ne-Rebif) sezivunyiwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukwelashwa kwe-MS ehlehlayo-ephindayo (relapsing-remitting MS). I-Beta interferon iboniswe ukuthi inciphisa inani lokuqubuka kwesifo futhi ingahle icoce ukuqhubeka kokukhubazeka komzimba. Uma kukhona ukuhlasela, kuvame ukuba kufushane futhi kungabi nzima kakhulu. I-FDA iphinde yavuma uhlobo olwenziwe lwe-myelin basic protein, olubizwa ngokuthi i-copolymer I (Copaxone), ukwelashwa kwe-MS ehlehlayo-ephindayo. I-Copolymer I inemiphumela emibi embalwa, futhi izifundo zibonisa ukuthi le nto inganciphisa izinga lokuphinda kuqubuke isifo cishe ngokwesithathu. Eminye imithi evunywe yi-FDA yokwelapha izinhlobo ze-MS ezihlehlayo kubantu abadala ihlanganisa i-teriflunomide ne-dimethyl fumarate. Ukwelashwa ngokucindezela amasosha omzimba, i-Novantrone (mitoxantrone), ivunyiwe yi-FDA ukwelashwa kwe-MS eqhubekayo noma eyisikhathi eside. I-FDA iphinde yavuma i-dalfampridine (Ampyra) ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kubantu abane-MS. Enye i-monoclonal antibody (umuthi wokwelapha okhethekile), i-natalizumab (Tysabri), yaboniswa ezivivinyweni zokwelapha ukuthi yehlisa kakhulu izinga lokuhlasela kwabantu abane-MS ehlehlayo futhi yavunywa ukuthengiswa yi-FDA ngo-2004. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2005 abakhiqizi bomuthi bayeka ukuthengisa umuthi ngemva kwemibiko embalwa yemiphumela emibi ebalulekile. Ngo-2006, i-FDA yaphinda yavuma ukuthengiswa komuthi we-MS kodwa ngaphansi kwemihlahlandlela yokulapha eqinile ehlanganisa izikhungo zokujova lapho iziguli zingaqashelwa khona odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngokuyisipesheli. Yize ama-steroid engalukhubekisi uhambo lwe-MS ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, anganciphisa ubude nokuqina kokuhlasela kwabanye abantu. I-Spasticity, engenzeka njengokuqina okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ukwanda komfutho wezicubu noma njengamashukumano eza aphinde amuke, ivame ukwelashwa ngezidambisi zezicubu kanye nezidambisi zokukhathazeka ezinjenge-baclofen, i-tizanidine, i-diazepam, i-clonazepam, ne-dantrolene. Ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca kanye nokuzilolonga kungasiza ukugcina ukusebenza okusele, futhi iziguli zingathola ukuthi izinsiza ezinhlobonhlobo - ezinjengezibopho zezinyawo, izinduku zokuhamba, nezinsiza zokuhamba - zingabasiza ukuhlala bezimele futhi bekwazi ukuhamba. Ukugwema umsebenzi omningi kakhulu nokugwema ukushisa mhlawumbe yizona zinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu iziguli ezingathatha ukubhekana nokukhathala komzimba. Uma izimpawu zokukhathala kwengqondo ezinjengokudangala noma ukungabi nandaba zibonakala, imithi yokwelapha ukudangala ingasiza. Eminye imithi enganciphisa ukukhathala kwabanye, kodwa hhayi kubo bonke, abantu ihlanganisa i-amantadine (Symmetrel), i-pemoline (Cylert), kanye nomuthi osacwaningwayo i-aminopyridine. Nakuba ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu zamehlo kuvame ukwenzeka ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa, ukwelashwa okufushane nge-intravenous methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) okulandelwa ukwelashwa ngama-steroid aphuza ngomlomo kuyasetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-048", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe i-optic atrophy (ukunciphisa kwamehlo) iyinto yofuzo futhi yini eyibangela? Futhi, yini eyibangela?", "label": "Kuningi okubangela ukubhidlika kombhobho wokubona. Okujwayelekile kakhulu ukungahambiseki kahle kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic optic neuropathy (ukungasebenzi kahle kombhobho wokubona ngenxa yokweswela igazi). Inkinga ivame ukuthinta abantu abadala. Umbhobho wokubona ungalimala futhi ngenxa yokushayeka, izithi ezingcolisa umzimba, ukukhishwa kwamandla okunobungozi, kanye nokulimala. Izifo zamehlo, njenge-glaucoma (isifo sokwenyuka komfutho emehlweni), nazo zingabanga uhlobo oluthile lokubhidlika kombhobho wokubona. Lesi simo singabangelwa futhi yizifo zengqondo kanye nohlelo oluphakathi lwemizwa. Lokhu kungahlanganisa:  - Isimila engqondweni  - I-cranial arteritis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ekhanda, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa nge-temporal arteritis)  - I-multiple sclerosis (isifo esidla izicubu zomzimba ezivikela imizwa)  - Ukushaywa isifo sohlangothi (i-stroke)\n\nKukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile zokubhidlika kombhobho wokubona okudluliswa ngofuzo (okudluliselwa ngokwegazi) ezithinta izingane kanye nabantu abasha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-049", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Buyini ubudlelwano (uma bukhona) phakathi kwe-Essential Tremor (ukuthuthumela okuyinhloko) nesifo sika-Parkinsons, futhi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu ye-Essential Tremor?", "label": "Ukuthuthumela okuyisisekelo kuyona eyinkinga enkulu kakhulu yokungalawuli ukushukuma komzimba. Ikhombisa ukuzamazama okungalawuleki futhi okuphindelela ngokufanayo (ukuthuthumela), ikakhulukazi ezandleni, ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu. Ihlukile ekuthuthumeleni okuvela kwesinye isifo noma izimbangela ezaziwa, njengokuthuthumela okubonwa ngesifo sokuqhaqhazela (i-Parkinson) noma ukulimala ekhanda. Amacala amaningi okuthuthumela okuyisisekelo adluliselwa ngokofuzo. Kukhona izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuthuthumela okuyisisekelo ezisekelwe ezimbangelweni ezahlukene zofuzo. Amajini amaningana kanye nendlela yokuphila nezimo zendawo kungadlala indima enkulu engcupheni yomuntu yokuthola lesi simo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ezimweni ezincane, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki. Ezimweni lapho izimpawu ziphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, imithi ingasiza ukwehlisa izimpawu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-050", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Uma kukhona, yibuphi ubudlelwano phakathi kwesifo se-Essential Tremor (ukuthuthumela okuyingqayizivele) nesifo se-Parkinsons, futhi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuhamba phambili kwesifo se-Essential Tremor?", "label": "Ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki ngaphandle uma ukuthuthumela (tremors) kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma kubangele ukuphoxeka. UKUNAKEKELWA EKHAYA\n\nNgokuthuthumela okwenziwa kube kubi ngokucindezela, zama amasu akusiza ukuthi uphumule. Ngokuthuthumela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, gwema ikofi futhi ulale ngokwanele. Ngokuthuthumela okubangelwa noma okwenziwa kube kubi umuthi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuyeka umuthi, ukunciphisa izinga, noma ukushintsha. Ungashintshi noma uyeke imithi ngokwakho.\n\nUkuthuthumela okukhulu kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ungadinga usizo ngale misebenzi. Izinto ezingasiza:\n\n• Ukuthenga izingubo ezino-Velcro, noma ukusebenzisa amagxathu ezinkinobho\n• Ukupheka noma ukudla ngezitsha ezinesihloko esikhulu\n• Ukusebenzisa amastro ukuphuza\n• Ukugqoka izicathulo ezingafakwa kalula nokusebenzisa izinsizakufaka izicathulo\n\nIMITHI YOKUTHUTHUMELA\n\nImithi ingasiza ukwehlisa izimpawu. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa:\n\n• I-Propranolol, umuthi ovimba ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokweqile (beta blocker)\n• I-Primidone, umuthi osetshenziswa ukwelaphwa isifo sokuwa\n\nLe mithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi.\n\n• I-Propranolol ingabangela ukukhathala, ikhala elivalekile, noma inhliziyo encane, futhi ingenza i-asthma ibe mbi kakhulu.\n• I-Primidone ingabangela ukozela, izinkinga zokugxila, isicabucabu, nezinkinga zokuhamba, ukuzinza, nokuhlangana.\n\nEminye imithi enganciphisa ukuthuthumela:\n\n• Imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa\n• Imithi encane yokuthulisa\n• Imithi yomfutho wegazi evimba ukungena kwe-calcium emasosheni (calcium-channel blockers)\n\nUkujova umuthi wokunciphisa ukushukuma kwezicubu (i-Botox) esandleni kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela.\n\nUQHAQHO\n\nEzimweni ezinzima, uqhaqho lungenzeka. Lokhu kungabandakanya:\n\n• Ukugxilisa imisebe yamandla endaweni encane yobuchopho (ukuhlinzwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemisebe yobuchopho)\n• Ukufaka idivayisi evusa endaweni yobuchopho ukuze ikhombise indawo elawula ukuhamba"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-051", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yini ukuxhumana (uma kukhona) phakathi kokuThuthumela okuBalulekile kanye nesifo sikaParkinson's futhi yini ukwelashwa okuhamba phambili kokuThuthumela okuBalulekile?", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukuphathwa kokuthuthumela okubalulekile:\n- Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kokuthuthumela Okubalulekile Okudluliselwa Ngokuzalwa: Ukuthuthumela okubalulekile okudluliselwa ngokuzalwa 1\n- Isikhungo Sezimo Zokuhamba Okungenziwa zeJohns Hopkins\n- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Ukuthuthumela Okubalulekile\n\nLezi zinsiza ezivela kuMedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokuphathwa kwezimo ezahlukene zezempilo:\n- Ukuhlolwa Kokubheka Isifo\n- Ukwelashwa Ngemithi\n- Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela\n- Ukwelulekwa Ngokuthuthumela Okubalulekile Okudluliselwa Ngokuzalwa\n- Ukunakekelwa Kweziguli Ezinesifo Esingenamuthi"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-052", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Bungakanani ubudlelwano phakathi kokushayisana okungapheli (Essential Tremor) nesifo sikaParkinsons (uma bukhona)? Iyiphi indlela yokwelapha esaziwa engcono kakhulu yokushayisana okungapheli?", "label": "Akukho ukwelashwa okugcwele kwe-essential tremor. Ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ngamakhambi kungafaka i-propranolol noma ezinye izivimbi ze-beta (beta blockers) kanye ne-primidone, umuthi we-anticonvulsant. Kuvame ukunconywa ukususa izinto \"eziqalisa\" ukuthuthumela njengekhofi nezinye izinto ezivuselela emzimbeni. I-physical ne-occupational therapy zingasiza ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana nokuzilawula kwemisipha kwabanye abantu. I-deep brain stimulation isebenzisa i-neurostimulator, idivayisi yezokwelapha efakwa ngokoqhaqho, esebenza ngebhethri, ukuletha ukuphehla ngogesi ezindaweni ezihlosiwe zobuchopho ezilawula ukuhamba, okuvimba okwesikhashana imiyalezo yemizwa ebanga ukuthuthumela. Ezinye izindlela zoqhaqho ziyasebenza kodwa zingaba nemiphumela engemihle (side effects)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-053", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Udokotela wami akazi ngomuthi ongasetshenziswa emlonyeni womilile. Ngocwaningo, ngicabanga ukuthi umuthi ukhona, kodwa angikwazi ukuthola igama lawo ukuze udokotela angiyalele wona. Ungangisiza? Ngisebenzisa i-Biotene etholakala ezitolo zomphakathi, kodwa ngifuna into esebenza ngcono kakhulu.", "label": "Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile\n\nUkwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoya ngokuthi yini imbangela yenkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho ube mile. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase aguqule umuthi wakho noma alungise isikali. Uma izindlala zakho zemate zingasebenzi kahle kodwa zisakhiqiza amathe, udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho angase akunike umuthi osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.\n\nOkumele Kwenziwe Nokungamelwe Kwenziwe\n\nOkumele kwenziwe:\n- Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya uma udla.\n- Hlafuna ishingamu engenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuvuselela ukugeleza kwamathe.\n- Sebenzisa umshini wokwenza umswakama ebusuku ukuze kube nomswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.\n\nOkungamelwe kwenziwe:\n- Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezinekhafeini njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agcwele uswidi. Ikhafeini ingenza umlomo ube mile.\n- Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Kwenza umlomo ube mile.\n\nUcwaningo Lokwelashwa Ngamajini Okungasebenzi Kahle Kwezindlala Zemathe\n\nOsosayensi be-National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) bacwaninga ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kokwelashwa ngamajini ukwelashwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zemathe. Umbono ukudlulisela amajini engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo ezindlaleni zemathe zabantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome (isifo esibanga umlomo omile) kanye neziguli ezinesifo somdlavuza ezindlala zemathe zazo ezalimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba wukuthi lawa majini azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse imizwa yokuphela kwamanzi okuhlukumeza abantu abanesimo somlomo omile.\n\nI-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ucwaningo lwezocwaningo kubantu, ngokwelashwa ngamajini kwezindlala zemathe ezilimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamajini kungenziwa ngokuphepha ezindlaleni zemathe nokuthi kunethuba lokusiza abantu abasinde esiswini somdlavuza ekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumela ethembisayo yalolu hlolo, izivivinyo ezifanayo zezokwelapha zihlelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.\n\nUcwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Nezinye Izifo Ezithinta Izindlala Zemathe\n\nI-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zifaka ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwe-monoclonal antibody (uhlobo lwesibulala-magciwane) kanye ne-corticosteroid (uhlobo lwesihlambululi-mzimba) ukubona ukuthi ngabe naluphi lwalolu kwelashwa lusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe. Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, nezifo ze-granulomatous zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zemathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingase ngelinye ilanga ziholele ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zezindlala zemathe.\n\nUkuze uhlale usazi ngezifundo ezintsha ngokwelashwa ngamajini nokusebenza kwezindlala zemathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov (iwebhusayithi yolimi lwesiNgisi). Le webhusayithi ibala zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni nezixhaswe ngabazimele e-U.S. nakuwo wonke umhlaba; iwebhusayithi ivuselelwa njalo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-054", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Udokotela wami akazi ngomuthi womlomo owomile. Ngocwaningo, ngicabanga ukuthi umuthi ukhona, kodwa nje angikwazi ukuthola igama lawo ukuze akwazi ukungikhiphela wona. Ngabe ungangisiza? Ngisebenzisa umuthi i-Biotene otholakala ezitolo zomphakathi kodwa ngifisa okusebenza ngcono kakhulu.", "label": "Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho owomile. Uma umlomo wakho owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela angase ashintshe umuthi wakho noma alungise isilinganiso. Uma izindlala zakho zamathe zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisakwazi ukukhiqiza amathe, udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela angase akunike umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala zisebenze kangcono. Angase aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ngesandla ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ukuthi umlomo owomile welashwa kanjani. Ukuze ukhulise ividiyo, chofoza izibonda ezisekhoneni eliphansi kwesokudla. Ukuze unciphise ividiyo, cindezela inkinobho ye-Escape (Esc) ekhibhodini yakho.)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-055", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umsebenzi wesikole. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza umsebenzi wesikole mayelana nesifo soleukemia, bengifisa ukuthi ungiphendule imibuzo embalwa ngicela. 1. Yini ebangela umdlavuza weleukemia? 2. Kungenzeka ukuthi usinde kuleukemia? 3. Ileukemia iyithinta kanjani umzimba wakho? 4. Ingabe ileukemia iyifa? 5. Yini ileukemia esezingeni eliphezulu ephumelelayo? 6. Umuntu oneleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani? 7. Zikhona izimpawu ezingakutshela ukuthi uneleukemia? 8. Yimiphi imishanguzo nokwelashwa okufanele ukuthathe? 9. Yiziphi izimpawu zeleukemia? 10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?", "label": "Amanye amacala esifo se-chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) ahlobene nokwelashwa komdlavuza, kodwa eziningi izimo imbangela ayaziwa. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ososayensi benze inqubekela phambili ekuqondeni ukuthi izinguquko ezithile ku-DNA (i-molecule ethwala imininingwane yofuzo) yamaseli amathambo engaba yimbangela yokuthuthuka kwe-CMML.\n\nI-DNA iyikhemikhali ethwala imiyalelo yezinto eziningi amaseli ethu azenzayo. Sivame ukufana nabazali bethu ngoba bangumthombo we-DNA yethu. Nokho, i-DNA ithinta okungaphezulu kokubukeka kwethu.\n\nAmanye ama-gene alawula inqubo yokukhula nokwahlukaniswa kwamaseli. Ama-gene akhuthaza ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli abizwa ngama-oncogene (ama-gene avusa umdlavuza). Amanye ama-gene abizwa ngama-tumor suppressor gene (ama-gene acindezela izimila) angacindezela ukwahlukaniswa kwamaseli noma enze amaseli afe ngesikhathi esifanele.\n\nUmdlavuza ungabangelwa izinguquko ze-DNA ezivula ama-oncogene noma zivale ama-tumor suppressor gene. Ezinye izifo, izinguquko zingadluliselwa kumzali. Kodwa izinguquko ezidluliselwayo azibonakali zibangela i-CMML. Esikhundleni salokho, izinguquko zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuba khona komuntu.\n\nUkuvezwa emishungunweni noma amakhemikhali abanga umdlavuza kungabangela izinguquko ezibangela i-CMML. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.\n\nNjalo uma iseli lilungiselela ukwahlukaniswa, kufanele likopele i-DNA yalo. Le nqubo ayiphelele, futhi amaphutha angangenzeka. Ngenhlanhla, amaseli ane-enzymes zokulungisa ezifunda futhi zilungise i-DNA. Nokho, amanye amaphutha angadlula, ikakhulukazi uma amaseli ekhula ngokushesha.\n\nI-DNA yomuntu igoqwe amakromozomi angu-23. Cishe kwingxenye yeziguli, amaseli e-CMML aqukethe amakromozomi ashintshiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ingxenye yekromozomi elilodwa inamathela ekromozomini elihlukile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-translocation (ukudluliswa kwengxenye yekromozomi).\n\nAma-translocation angavula ama-oncogene noma avale ama-tumor suppressor gene. Ama-translocation atholakele abonakala kwamanye amacala e-CMML.\n\nEnye inhlekelele yekromozomi engabonakala ku-CMML ibizwa ngokuthi i-deletion (ukulahleka). Lokhu kuquka ukulahleka kwekromozomi lonke noma ingxenye yalo. Olunye uhlobo lwenhlekelele yekromozomi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-duplication (ukuphindaphinda). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunokwengeziwe kwekromozomi lonke noma ingxenye yalo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-056", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana ne-leukemia futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.\n\n1. Yini ebanga i-leukemia?\n2. Ungaphila ne-leukemia yini?\n3. I-leukemia ithinta kanjani umzimba wakho?\n4. Ingabe i-leukemia iyadluliseka?\n5. Yini i-leukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?\n6. Umuntu one-leukemia angaphila isikhathi esingakanani?\n7. Ungakwazi ukuthi unayo yini i-leukemia?\n8. Yimaphi amakhambi okwelashwa okufanele uwathathe?\n9. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-leukemia?\n10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?", "label": "I-Leukemia umdlavuza wegazi. Lolu hlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lomdlavuza wegazi futhi luthinta izikhathi ezingu-10 abantu abadala kunezingane. Abantu abaningi abatholakala bene-leukemia baneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 ubudala.\n\nI-Leukemia iqala emsukeni wamathambo (bone marrow) Izinhlobo zamaseli egazi ezenziwa umsuka wamathambo kanye nencazelo yemisebenzi yawo. - Chofoza ukuze ukhulise efasiteleni elisha. Chofoza ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe\n\nI-Leukemia ivame ukuqala emsukeni wamathambo, isimo esithambile esiphakathi kwamathambo amaningi lapho kwenziwa khona amaseli egazi. Umsuka wamathambo wenza izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi okhethekile.\n\nAmaseli amhlophe egazi alwa nokutheleleka nezifo. Amaseli abomvu egazi athwala i-oxygen emzimbeni wonke. Amapuleti asiza ukulawula ukopha ngokwakha amagaqa egazi.\n\nKubantu abane-leukemia, umsuka wamathambo ukhiqiza amaseli amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile, abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-leukemia. Ekuqaleni, amaseli e-leukemia asebenza cishe ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kukhiqizwa amaseli amaningi e-leukemia, angase acindezele amaseli amhlophe egazi aphilile, amaseli abomvu egazi, namapuleti. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lenze imisebenzi yalo ejwayelekile.\n\nKukhona izinhlobo ezine ezijwayelekile ze-leukemia yabantu abadala. Ezimbili zihlala isikhathi eside (chronic), okusho ukuthi ziba zibi ngesikhathi eside. Ezinye ezimbili zisheshe zibe zibi (acute), okusho ukuthi ziba zibi ngokushesha.\n\nI-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli amhlophe egazi ehlala isikhathi eside)\nI-chronic myeloid leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli omongo ehlala isikhathi eside)\nI-acute myeloid leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli omongo esheshe ibe mbi)\nI-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ileukemia yamaseli amhlophe egazi esheshe ibe mbi)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-057", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo seleukemia futhi bengifisa ukuthi ungiphendulele eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini imbangela yomdlavuza weleukemia?2. Ungaphila yini neleukemia?3. Ileukemia iyithinta kanjani imizimba yakho?4. Ingabe ileukemia idluliselwa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini ileukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?6. Umuntu oneleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi uneleukemia?8. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa okumele uzithathe?9. Yiziphi izimpawu zeleukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?", "label": "Ngesinye isikhathi abantu bathola ukuguquka kwe-DNA okuvela kubazali babo okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Kodwa ukuguquka kwe-DNA okudluliselwa akuvamile ukubanga i-CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia). Ukuguquka kwe-DNA okuhlobene ne-CLL kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuba khona komuntu, kunokuba kudluliselwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-058", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo seleukemia, ngakho-ke bengibuza ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini eyenza isifo somdlavuza weleukemia?2. Ungakwazi ukuphila nesifo seleukemia?3. Isifo seleukemia siyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?4. Ingabe isifo seleukemia sidluliselwa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini ileukemia esigabeni esiphezulu?6. Umuntu onesifo seleukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo seleukemia?8. Yimiphi imishanguzo okumele uyithathe?9. Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo seleukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML ne-CML?", "label": "Kunemithi eminingi yokwelapha abantu abane-leukemia (isifo segazi). Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yakho nempilo yakho ejwayelekile, uhlobo lwe-leukemia onalo, ukuthi lisuselwe yini noma cha ekhanda lomgogodla, kanye nezinye izinto. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi une-leukemia, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho futhi uthathe izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu, nakuba iziguli eziningi ezine-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (uhlobo lwe-leukemia oluthambile) azidingeki ukwelashwa iminyaka eminingi.\n\nUkusebenza Neqembu Lochwepheshe\nIqembu lochwepheshe livame ukwelapha abantu abane-leukemia. Leli qembu lizogcina udokotela omkhulu ezweni ngentuthuko yesiguli. Iqembu lingahlanganisa i-hematologist (isazi segazi nemithambo yegazi), i-medical oncologist (isazi sokwelapha umdlavuza), kanye ne-radiation oncologist (isazi sokwelapha ngokukhanya). Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ungafuna elinye udokotela ukuba ahlole ukuhlolwa kanye nohlelo lokwelapha. Ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zidinga umbono wesibili. Ezinye zingakhokhela umbono wesibili uma wena noma udokotela wakho ecela.\n\nUkuhlolwa Kweziguli Ezine-leukemia\nEzinye iziguli ezine-leukemia ziyingxenye yocwaningo lwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Lolu cwaningo, olubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kweziguli, lwenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi ngabe indlela entsha yokwelapha iphephile futhi isebenza kahle yini futhi ingcono kunezindlela zamanje zokwelapha. Xoxa nodokotela wakho uma ufisa ukuba yingxenye yokuhlolwa kweziguli. I-U.S. National Institutes of Health, ngokusebenzisa i-National Library of Medicine kanye nezinye izikhungo, igcina imininingwane yokuhlolwa kweziguli ku-ClinicalTrials.gov (iwebhusayithi yokuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha). Cindezela lapha ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kweziguli kwamanje kwe-leukemia."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-059", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Iphrojekthi. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza iphrojekthi yesikole mayelana nesifo sokuphela kwegazi (leukemia) futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela, ngiyabonga. 1. Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 2. Ungasinda yini esifweni sokuphela kwegazi? 3. Siyithinta kanjani imizimba yakho isifo sokuphela kwegazi? 4. Ingabe isifo sokuphela kwegazi sidluliselwa ebantwini? 5. Yini isifo sokuphela kwegazi esithuthukile? 6. Umuntu onesifo sokuphela kwegazi angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani? 7. Ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi unesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 8. Yimiphi imishanguzo noma ukwelashwa okufanele ukuthathe? 9. Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sokuphela kwegazi? 10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) ne-CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)?", "label": "Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i-leukemia (isifo segazi) akuyona itumo elingakhishwa ngokuhlinzwa udokotela. Amaseli e-leukemia akhiqizwa ekhonkweni lomgogodla bese ehamba emzimbeni wonke.\n\nInhloso Yokwelashwa (Ukuphilisa Isiguli)\nInhloso yokwelashwa kwe-leukemia ukubulala amaseli e-leukemia nokuvumela amaseli ajwayelekile ukuba akheke ekhonkweni lomgogodla. Kuye ngohlobo nokwanda kwesifo, iziguli zingathola i-chemotherapy (ukwelapha ngemithi ebulala amaseli omdlavuza), i-biological therapy (ukwelapha ngezinto zomzimba), i-radiation therapy (ukwelapha ngokukhanya okunamandla), noma ukutshala amaseli okhakhayi. Ezinye iziguli zithola inhlanganisela yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-leukemia, iminyaka yesiguli nempilo jikelele, ukuthi ngabe amaseli e-leukemia akhona yini esikhuhleni esijikeleze ubuchopho noma umgogodla, nokuthi ngabe i-leukemia ike yelashwa ngaphambilini. Kungancika futhi ezimweni ezithile zamaseli e-leukemia nezimpawu zesiguli.\n\nI-Leukemia Ephuthumayo (Acute Leukemia) noma Eyisikhathi Eside (Chronic Leukemia)?\nUma umuntu ene-leukemia ephuthumayo, uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukumisa ukukhula okusheshayo kwamaseli e-leukemia nokuletha ukushuba, okusho ukuthi umdlavuza ulawulekile. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu uzoqhubeka nokwelashwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zinyamalale ukuvimbela isifo ukuba singabuyi. Abanye abantu abane-leukemia ephuthumayo bangalapheka. Funda kabanzi ngezindlela zokwelapha i-acute myeloid leukemia (i-leukemia ephuthumayo yamathambo). Funda kabanzi ngezindlela zokwelapha i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (i-leukemia eyisikhathi eside yamaseli amhlophe). I-leukemia eyisikhathi eside ingadinga ukungalashwa kuze kuvele izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kungakwazi ukulawula isifo nezimpawu zaso.\n\nIzinhlobo Zokwelashwa\nEzinye izindlela zokwelapha i-leukemia zifaka phakathi:\n- I-chemotherapy (ukwelapha ngemithi ebulala amaseli omdlavuza)\n- I-biological therapy (ukwelapha ngezinto zomzimba)\n- I-radiation therapy (ukwelapha ngokukhanya okunamandla)\n\nI-Chemotherapy\nI-chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Lolu wukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia. I-chemotherapy ingathathwa ngomlomo ngendlela yepilisi, ngokujova ngqo emthanjeni, noma ngokusebenzisa i-catheter (ithubhu elincane). Uma amaseli e-leukemia etholakala esikhuhleni esijikeleze ubuchopho noma umgogodla, udokotela angajova imithi ngqo esikhuhleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi iyafika kumaseli e-leukemia ebuchosheni.\n\nI-Biological Therapy\nI-biological therapy isebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezithuthukisa ukuzivikela kwemvelo komzimba emdlavuzeni. Ezinye iziguli ezine-chronic lymphocytic leukemia zithola ama-monoclonal antibodies (amaphrotheni enziwe ngumuntu okwazi ukubona amaseli e-leukemia). Ama-monoclonal antibodies ancamathelana namaseli bese esiza umzimba ukuwabulala. Yize ama-monoclonal antibodies esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-leukemia, abacwaningi bafunda izindlela ezintsha zokuwasebenzisa ekwelashweni. Amanye ama-antibodies asetshenziselwa ukuqhubezela uhlelo lokuzivikela ukuba luhlaselele amaseli e-leukemia. Amanye ama-antibodies ancanyatheliswa ezintweni ezingaletha ubuthi kumaseli omdlavuza. La ma-antibodies aguquliwe, abizwa ngokuthi ama-immunotoxins, aletha ubuthi ngqo kumaseli omdlavuza. \n\nKamuva, ukuvivinya kwezokwelapha okucacile (precision medicine trials) kukhombise ubufakazi bokuthi ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe okuthathwa ngendlela yepilisi kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila.\n\nI-Radiation Therapy\nI-radiation therapy isebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Umshini ongaphandle komzimba uqondisa imisebe enamandla esiplenini, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba lapho amaseli e-leukemia eqoqene khona. I-radiation therapy isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula isifo ematsheni asengcupheni yokwephuka noma ezindaweni ezibanga ubuhlungu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-060", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umsebenzi wesikole. Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] futhi ngenza umsebenzi wesikole mayelana ne-leukemia futhi bengifisa ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula eminye yemibuzo yami ngicela.1. Yini eyenza umdlavuza we-leukemia?2. Ungakwazi ukuphila ne-leukemia?3. I-leukemia iyithinta kanjani umzimba wakho?4. Ingabe i-leukemia iyadluliswa ngokuzalwa?5. Yini i-leukemia esezingeni eliphezulu?6. Umuntu one-leukemia angalindela ukuphila isikhathi esingakanani?7. Ungakwazi ukubona izimpawu ze-leukemia?8. Yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingekayo?9. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-leukemia?10. Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) ne-CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)?", "label": "Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-leukemia, iminyaka yesiguli kanye nesimo sempilo sakhe sonke, lapho amaseli e-leukemia eqoqene khona emzimbeni, kanye nokuthi i-leukemia yake yelashwa ngaphambilini. Amaphuzu athile amaseli e-leukemia kanye nezimpawu zesiguli nako kunganquma izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-061", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibe nezinkinga zesifo sokuzilwa komzimba cishe iminyaka emine manje, ngihlolwe izinto eziningi kodwa odokotela abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ngqo ephazamisekile. Kuqale ngobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokugwegwa ezinyaweni zami nasezinzwaneni zami. Ubuhlungu obuningi bubangelwa ukugwegwa kwamalunga nesikhumba sami sizwa sengathi siyashiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sekufinyelele emadolweni ami futhi. Ngihlale ngikhathele njalo. Kamuva ngibe nobuhlungu esiswini sami futhi ngizwe ngingaphilile. Ngabe lezi zimpawu zifana nesifo iLupus? Ngike ngahlolwa ngaba nemiphumela engenaso lesi sifo ngaphambilini, kodwa uma ngifunda kabanzi ngaso ngizwa sengathi yilokho okungase kube nako. Noma yimiphi imibono ingabongeka kakhulu kakhulu.", "label": "I-Lupus ingaba nezimpawu eziningi, futhi zihluka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile kakhulu zifaka:\n• Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala ezihlakaleni\n• Ubuhlungu bemisipha\n• Umkhuhlane ongenasizathu esaziyo\n• Amabala abomvu, ikakhulukazi ebusweni (abizwa ngokuthi \"i-butterfly rash\")\n• Ubuhlungu esifubeni uma uphefumula kanzima\n• Ukuwa kwezinwele\n• Iminwe yezandla noma yezinyawo ephuzi noma ensomi\n• Ukuzwela ilanga\n• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni noma ezungeze amehlo\n• Izilonda emlonyeni\n• Amaqhubuka avuvukele (izindlala)\n• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu\n\nIzimpawu zingeza bese ziyahamba. Uma unezimpawu, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuqubuka kwesifo. Ukuqubuka kwesifo kungaba okuncane noma okushubile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu ezintsha zingavela noma nini."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-062", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "I-IMEYILI: [I-IMEYILI] IVELA: http://m.medlineplus.gov/medlineplus.htm ISIPHEQULULI: NokiaX2-01/5.0 (07.10) Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/420 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/420 USUKU: 01/06/2014 UMYALEZO: Umbuzo wami: Yini ukwelashwa kwe-gonorrhea engapheli, nokukhula okungokujwayelekile?", "label": "Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibiotics zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwesifo.\n- Ungathola idozi elikhulu elilodwa lama-antibiotics ngomlomo noma uthathe idozi elincane izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.\n- Unganikezwa umjovo we-antibiotic noma isitofu, bese mhlawumbe uthunyelwa ekhaya namaphilisi e-antibiotic.\n- Izimo ezinzima ze-PID (isifo esibhebhethekisa isizalo) zingadinga ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela. Ama-antibiotics anikezwa ngomthambo kuqala.\n- Ungaze uzilaphele ngaphandle kokubonwa udokotela wakho kuqala. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.\n\nCishe uhhafu wamakhosikazi anegonorrhea aphinde atheleleke ngechlamydia. I-Chlamydia yelashwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nesifo segonorrhea. Uzodinga ukuvakashela kabusha emva kwezinsuku eziyisi-7 uma izimpawu zakho zibandakanya ubuhlungu bokuhlangana kwamathambo, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besizalo noma besisu. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo siyaphela.\n\nAbalingani bocansi kufanele bahlolwe futhi belashwe ukuvimbela ukudlulisa isifo phambili nangemuva. Wena nomlingani wakho kufanele niqede wonke ama-antibiotics. Sebenzisa amakhondomu kuze kube niqedile nokuthatha ama-antibiotics enu nobabili.\n\nBonke abalingani bocansi bomuntu onegonorrhea kufanele bathintwe futhi bahlolwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala okwengeziwe kwesifo.\n- Kwezinye izindawo ungakwazi ukuthatha ulwazi nemithi uye kumlingani wakho wocansi ngokwakho.\n- Kwezinye izindawo, umnyango wezempilo uyothinta umlingani wakho."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-063", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sisaphephile yini lesi sinqumo?", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukuphathwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa:\n- I-American College of Radiology: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa ngokusebenzisa umshini\n- I-Genetic Testing Registry: Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa wozalo\n- I-Genetic Testing Registry: Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa, ozuzwe ngefa, 2\n- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: I-Brachytherapy yesitho sangasese sowesilisa (uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza)\n- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukuhlela umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa\n- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa\n- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)\n- I-MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Ukususa konke isitho sangasese sowesilisa (Radical Prostatectomy)\n- I-MedlinePlus Health Topic: Ukuhlolela umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesilisa\n- I-National Cancer Institute: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)\n- I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\n\nLezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokuphathwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo:\n- Ukuhlolwa kokuthola isifo\n- Ukwelashwa ngomuthi\n- Ukuhlinzwa nokubuyiselwa esimweni\n- Ukwelulekwa ngezofuzo\n- Ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezinesifo esinzima"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-064", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe lesi sinqumo siphephile yini?", "label": "Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuze uthathe izinqumo zokwelashwa.\n\nUkusebenza Neqembu Lochwepheshe\n\nIqembu lochwepheshe livame ukwelapha abantu abanomdlavuza. Iqembu lizogcina udokotela oyinhloko aziswe ngokuqhubeka kwesiguli. Iqembu lingahlanganisa udokotela womdlavuza (medical oncologist) ongumcwaningi wokwelashwa komdlavuza, udokotela wezokuhlinzwa, udokotela wokwelapha ngemisebe (radiation oncologist) ongumcwaningi wokwelashwa ngokukhanya, nabanye. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ungafuna olunye udokotela ukuthi abuyekeze ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa. Ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zidinga uvo lwesibili lwezokwelapha. Ezinye zingakhokhela uvo lwesibili uma ulucela.\n\nUkuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Komdlavuza Wesitho Sangasese (Prostate)\n\nAbanye abaguliswa bomdlavuza wesitho sangasese (prostate) babamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lokwelashwa okusha. Lolu cwaningo - olubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha (clinical trials) - lwenzelwe ukuthola ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa okusha kuphephile futhi kusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqhathanisa ukwelashwa okusha nokujwayelekile ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukufunda ukuthi yikuphi okusebenza kangcono. Amadoda anomdlavuza wesitho sangasese anomdlandla wokubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha kufanele axoxe nodokotela wawo. I-U.S. National Institutes of Health (Izikhungo Zezempilo zaseUSA), ngokusebenzisa i-National Library of Medicine nezinye Izikhungo, igcina imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ku-ClinicalTrials.gov. Chofoza lapha ukuze ubone uhlu lwamanje lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha komdlavuza wesitho sangasese. Iwindi elisha lizovuleka. Chofoza uphawu lokuvalwa \"x\" egumbini eliphezulu kwesokudla lewindi \"Clinical Trials\" ukuze ubuyele lapha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-065", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe lesi sinqumo siphephile?", "label": "Ngocwaningo, odokotela bazama ukuthola izindlela ezintsha, ezisebenza kangcono zokwelapha umdlavuza wesitho sangasese. I-Cryosurgery (ukuhlinza ngokuqandisa) -- ukubulala umdlavuza wesitho sangasese ngokuwuqandisa -- iyacwaningwa njengendlela ehlukile ekuhlinzweni nasekwelashweni ngemisebe. Ukugwema ukulimaza amatissue aphilile, udokotela ubeka ithuluzi elibizwa nge-cryoprobe (ithuluzi lokuqandisa) liqondane nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese ukuze liwuqandise. Odokotela bacwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamahormoni. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamahormoni okunikezwa emva kokwelashwa ngemisebe kungasiza abantu abathile abanesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esisabalele emathisyuni aseduze. Ososayensi baphinde bahlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngezinto zemvelo (biological therapy) kubantu abesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esingaphenduli noma esiyekile ukuphendula ekwelashweni ngamahormoni. Baphinde baphenye izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela nokuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene. Isibonelo, bacwaninga ukwelashwa ngamahormoni ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukuwasebenzisa ukunciphisa umdlavuza wesitho sangasese ngaphambi kokuthi umuntu ahlinzwe noma athole imisebe kungaba yindlela esebenzayo yini. Baphinde bahlole ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kanye nemigomo ukuvimbela ukubuya komdlavuza wesitho sangasese. Ngo-2010, i-FDA yagunyaza umgomo wokwelapha umdlavuza okhethekile (therapeutic cancer vaccine), i-Provenge, ukusetshenziswa kubantu abathile abanesifo somdlavuza wesitho sangasese esisabalele. Lesi sinqumo sasuselwa emiphumeleni yocwaningo lwezokwelapha (clinical trial) olwakhombisa ukuthuthuka ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezine ekuphileni sonke uma kuqhathaniswa nomgomo weplasebo (umgomo ongenalutho). Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngemigomo efanayo zisathuthukiswa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-066", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "I-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (isifo esihlasela imisipha esibangwa ukufa kwamaseli emisipha). Ngenza umsebenzi wocwaningo ngalesi sifo sofuzo futhi ngingathanda ukwazi kabanzi ngaso kudokotela oqeqeshekile. Ngicwaninga indlela yokudlulisela isifo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa/amaqembu okusekela, kanye nezindleko ezibhekene nomndeni.", "label": "Akukho lapho ukwelapha okwaziyo kokugula kwezinyama okubizwa ngeDuchenne muscular dystrophy (isifo esibulala izinyama). Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukulawula izimpawu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo. Imithi yamasteroyidi (imithi eqinisa izinyama) inganciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ezinyama. Ingaqalwa uma ingane ithola ukuthi inesifo noma uma amandla ezinyama eqala ukwehla. Okunye ukwelashwa kungafaka:\n\n• I-Albuterol--umuthi osetshenziswa abantu abane-asthma\n• Ama-amino acids\n• I-Carnitine\n• I-Coenzyme Q10\n• I-Creatine\n• Amafutha ezinhlanzi\n• Okukhishwa kutiye oluhlaza\n• I-Vitamin E\n\nNokho, imiphumela yalokhu kwelashwa ayikafakazelwa. Amaseli okhakhayi (stem cells) kanye nokwelashwa kwamajini kungasetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Kuyakhuthazwa ukuzivocavoca. Ukunganyakazi (njengokuphumula embhedeni) kungenza isifo sezinyama sibe sibi kakhulu. Ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca kungasiza ukugcina amandla ezinyama nokusebenza kwazo. Ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kudingeka kaningi. Okunye ukwelashwa kungafaka:\n\n• Ukusizwa ngokuphefumula (kusetshenziswa emini noma ebusuku)\n• Imithi yokusiza ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, njengama-angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ama-beta-blockers, nama-diuretics\n• Izinto zokusiza amathambo (njengamabhreyisi, izitulo ezinamasondo, izinduku zokuhamba, nezinye izinsiza) ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba\n• Ama-proton pump inhibitors (imithi evimbela ukuphuma kwesibindi) abantu abane-gastroesophageal reflux (ukuphuma kwesibindi)\n\nAbacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokufunda izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezivivinyweni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-067", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngilashwe ngomdlavuza webele futhi ngithole ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nomshini wokukhipha imisebe. Ngiphuza imithi eminingi kodwa kusukela ngayeka ukwelashwa manje sengibonakala nginesifo somoya. Ngiphuza i-Letrozole 2.5 mg ukuvimba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-estrogen emzimbeni wami njengoba isigaxa sami sasibambelela kwi-estrogen. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ezinomthelela ezimpawini zesifo somoya? Ngicela ungeluleke.", "label": "Imbangela eqondile ye-asthma ayaziwa. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ezinye izinto zofuzo kanye nezesimo sendawo ziyahlangana ukubanga i-asthma, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuphila. Lezi zinto zibandakanya: Ukuba nendlela yokuthola ama-allergy eyifuzo, ebizwa nge-atopy (AT-o-pe) Abazali abane-asthma Ezinye izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ngesikhathi sobuntwana Ukuthintana nezinto ezibanga ama-allergy emoyeni noma ukuhlangabezana namanye amagciwane ngesikhathi sokuncela noma ekuqaleni kobuntwana lapho uhlelo lokuvikeleka lomzimba lusakhuliswayo Uma i-asthma noma i-atopy ikhona emndenini wakho, ukuthintana nezinto ezihlupha (isibonelo, intuthu kagwayi) kungenza imithambokazi yakho yokuphefumula ibe nokuphendula kakhulu ezintweni ezisemoyeni. Ezinye izinto zingaba namathuba amaningi okubanga i-asthma kwabanye abantu kunakwabanye. Abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuphenya ukuthi yini ebanga i-asthma. I-\"Hygiene Hypothesis\" (injulalwazi yokuhlanzeka) Enye injulalwazi abacwaningi abanayo ngokubanga i-asthma yi-\"hygiene hypothesis.\" Bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yethu yokuphila yaseNtshonalanga - eqhakambisa ukuhlanzeka nokugcina indawo ihlanzekile - iphumelelise ukushintsha izimo zethu zokuphila kanye nokwehla okuphelele kwezifo ekuqaleni kobuntwana. Izingane eziningi ezincane azisenayo uhlobo olufanayo lokuhlangabezana nesimo sendawo kanye nezifo njengoba izingane zazinakho esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kuthinta indlela uhlelo lokuvikeleka lomzimba lwezingane ezincane oluthuthuka ngayo ngesikhathi sokuqala sobuntwana, futhi kungakhuphula ubungozi bazo be-atopy kanye ne-asthma. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezinezihlobo eziseduze ezine-asthma noma i-atopy noma zombili lezi zimo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-068", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umhlinzeki wami wezempilo akakwazi ukungisiza (Ngibuze.) Angikwazi ukumelana nawo wonke \"amashukhopela\" afana ne-maltilol, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol, njll. futhi ngidinga okuthile okuzosiza umlomo owomile obangelwa umuthi okufanele ngiwuphuze. Imikhiqizo ye-Biotene (eyokunciphisa umlomo owomile) isiza nje isikhathi esingangeminithi emibili kuphela.", "label": "Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile\n\nUkwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho ube mome. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi wakho noma alungise izinga. Uma amalende akho amathe engasebenzi kahle kodwa esengakwazi ukukhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi osiza amalende asebenze kangcono. Udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angaphinda ancome ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.\n\nOkufanele Nokungafanele Kwenziwe\n\nOkufanele Kwenziwe:\n• Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugwinya uma udla.\n• Hlafuna i-gamu engenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuze kukhuthaze ukugeleza kwamathe.\n• Sebenzisa umshini wokugcina umoya umanzi ebusuku ukuze kube nomswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.\n\nOkungafanele Kwenziwe:\n• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezine-caffeine njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agasayo. I-caffeine ingomisa umlomo.\n• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Komisa umlomo.\n\nUcwaningo Lokwelashwa Ngamajini Lokungasebenzi Kahle Kwamalende Amathe\n\nOsosayensi e-NIH's National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) baphenya ukusebenzisa okungenzeka kokwelashwa ngamajini ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalende amathe. Umqondo ukudlulisela amajini engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo emalende amathe abantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome (isifo esibanga ukopha kwamalende) kanye neziguli ezine-cancer ezilimele amalende azo amathe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba ukuthi lawa majini azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse ukuzwa okungapheli kokomisa okuhlupha abantu abanezimo zomlomo omile.\n\nI-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ucwaningo lokucwaninga kubantu, ngokwelashwa ngamajini kwamalende amathe alimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi ukwelashwa ngamajini kungenziwa ngokuphepha emalende amathe nokuthi kunokwenzeka ukuthi kusize abasinde ekholofini lekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Funda isaziso sezindaba se-NIDCR ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokutholakele ocwaningweni. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ethembisayo yalolu vivinyo, kuhlelwe ukuba kwenziwe izivivinyo ezifanayo eziseduze esikhathini esizayo.\n\nUcwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Nezinye Izifo Ezithinta Amalende Amathe\n\nI-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zifaka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibulala-magciwane esithile (i-monoclonal antibody) kanye nomuthi wokwelapha ukuvuvukala (i-corticosteroid) ukubona ukuthi ngabe noma yiluphi lwalolu kwelashwa kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe.\n\nEzinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo zokuzivikela okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezifo ezibanga amabuthu emalende zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalende amathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingaholela ngolunye usuku ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zamalende amathe.\n\nUkuze uhlale wazi nganoma yiziphi izifundo ezintsha ngokwelashwa ngamajini kanye nokusebenza kwamalende amathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov. I-ClinicalTrials.gov ibala zonke izivivinyo zokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye neziningi ezixhaswe ngasese e-U.S. nakulo lonke umhlaba; iwebhusayithi ibuyekezwa njalo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-069", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umhlinzeki wami akakwazi ukungisiza (ngimcelile.) Angivumelani kahle nazo zonke izinhlobo \"zotshwala ezinoshukela\" ezifana ne-maltilol, i-sorbitol, i-xylitol, njalonjalo futhi ngidinga okuthile komlomo owomile odalwa umuthi okufanele ngiwuthathe. Imikhiqizo ye-Biotene isiza isikhathi esingaba cishe amaminithi amabili kuphela.", "label": "Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho owomile. Uma umlomo wakho owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi wakho noma alungise isilinganiso. Uma izindlala zakho zamathe zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisengakwazi ukukhiqiza amathe, udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Angaphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwe ngokwezesayensi ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ukuthi umlomo owomile welashwa kanjani. Ukukhulisa ividiyo, chofoza izimpawu zokuvula nokuvala ezisesandleni sokudla ngezansi. Ukunciphisa ividiyo, cindezela inkinobho ye-Escape (Esc) ekhibhodini yakho.)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-070", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umama wami unesifo sokunyuka kwegazi emithanjeni yeziphaphu, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni yeziphaphu, ngaseceleni lobunxele benhliziyo yakhe. Ingabe kukhona okungenzeka ukuthuthukisa impilo yakhe?", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlunga noma ukuphatha i-pulmonary arterial hypertension: - Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: Ukubuyekezwa Kwegene: I-Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Edluliselwa Ngokuzalwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 2 - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 3 - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwamajini: I-pulmonary hypertension yokuqala 4 - I-Ensayiklophediya ye-MedlinePlus: I-pulmonary hypertension Lezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlunga nokuphatha izimo ezahlukene zempilo: - Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlunga Izifo - Ukwelashwa Ngemithi - Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela - Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo - Ukunakekela Okunciphisa Izinhlungu"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-071", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yiluphi ulwazi olunalo uMtapo Wezincwadi Wezokwelapha Kazwelonke ezimayelana nezimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa yemithambo yomzimba engaphandle?", "label": "I-Neuropathy ivame kakhulu. Kuneminhlobonhlobo eminingi kanye nezimbangela. Ngokuvamile, akukho mbangela etholakala. Ezinye izifo zemizwa zihamba ngomndeni. Isifo sikashukela siyimbangela evame kakhulu yalolu hlobo lwenkinga yemizwa. Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (okungukuthi igazi elinoshukela omningi) isikhathi eside angalimaza imizwa yakho. Ezinye izimo zempilo ezingabanga i-neuropathy yilezi:\n\n- Izifo ze-autoimmune (lapho umzimba ulwa namaseli awo), njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus\n- Isifo sezinso esikhathelelayo\n- I-HIV\n- Izifo zesibindi\n- Amazinga aphansi e-vitamin B12 noma amanye ama-vitamin\n- Isifo sokushintsha kokudla emzimbeni\n- Ukuhlushwa okubangwa yizinsimbi ezinzima, njengomthofu\n- Ukungahambi kahle kwegazi emilenzeni\n- Isitshalo sokukhiqiza amahomoni esingasebenzi kahle\n\nEzinye izinto ezingaholela ekulimazekeni kwemizwa yilezi:\n\n- Ithambo eliphukile elicindezelela umuzwa\n- Ukuphuza utshwala kakhulu isikhathi eside\n- Ukuhlushwa yi-glue, umthofu, i-mercury, kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi\n- Imithi yokwelapha izifo, umdlavuza, ukuwa, kanye nomfutho ophezulu wegazi\n- Ukucindezeleka komuzwa, njengalokhu okwenzeka kwisifo se-carpal tunnel (ukucindezeleka komuzwa esandleni)\n- Ukuba sebandeni isikhathi eside\n- Ukucindezeleka okuvela kuma-cast, ama-splint, i-brace, noma izinduku zokuhamba ezingalingani kahle"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-072", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona Dokotela, uma kune-simo sesiguli esine-tshe emathunjini elingango-1.2mm (amamilimitha) x 2.3mm (amamilimitha). Yini engingayenza? Ngicela, ngicela iseluleko sakho.", "label": "Ukwelashwa kuncike ekuhlobeni kwetshe kanye nobungako bezimpawu zakho. Amatshe ezinso amancane kakhulu avame ukudlula ngokwawo ohlelweni lwakho.\n\n• Umchamo wakho kufanele uhluziwe ukuze itshe ligcinwe futhi lihlolwe.\n• Phuza okungenani amankomishi ayi-6 kuya kwayisi-8 (amagremu angu-1.4 kuya ku-1.9) amanzi ngosuku ukuze ukhiqize umchamo omningi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthi itshe lidlule.\n• Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu. Imithi yezinhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemishanguzo (isibonelo, i-ibuprofen ne-naproxen), noma yodwa noma ihambisana nezidakamizwa, ingasebenza kahle kakhulu.\n\nAbanye abantu abanezinhlungu ezinzima ezivela ematshe ezinso badinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. Ungadinga ukuthola uketshezi ngomthambo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamatshe, umdabi wakho angakuyalela ukuthatha imithi ukuvimbela amatshe ukuthi angabumbeki noma usizo ukubhidliza nokususa izinto ezibanga itshe. Le mithi ingabandakanya:\n\n• I-Allopurinol (yamatshe e-uric acid)\n• Ama-antibiotics (amatshe e-struvite)\n• Amaphilisi okukhipha umchamo\n• Izixazululo ze-phosphate\n• I-sodium bicarbonate noma i-sodium citrate\n• Amaphilisi amanzi (ama-thiazide diuretics)\n• I-Tamsulosin ukuphumula i-ureter nokusiza itshe lidlule\n\nUkuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka uma:\n• Itshe likhulu kakhulu ukuthi lidlule ngokwalo\n• Itshe likhula\n• Itshe livimba ukuhamba komchamo futhi libanga isifo noma umonakalo wezinso\n• Ubuhlungu abukwazi ukulawuleka\n\nNamuhla, ukwelashwa okuningi akusafaki kakhulu ngaphakathi njengakuqala.\n\n• I-Lithotripsy (ukubhidliza amatshe ngamagagasi) isetshenziselwa ukususa amatshe amancane kancane kunengxenye yezingalo eziyi-12.7 mm elilinganiselwa ezinsweni noma kwi-ureter. Isebenzisa umsindo noma amagagasi okushaya ukubhidliza amatshe. Bese, izingcezu zamatshe ziphuma emzimbeni ngomchamo. Iphinde ibizwe ngokuthi i-extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy noma i-ESWL.\n\n• Izinqubo ezenziwa ngokudlulisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ngokusika okuncane kwesikhumba sakho nokuya ezinsweni zakho noma kwi-ureters zisetshenziswa ematshe amakhulu, noma lapho izinso noma izindawo ezizungezile zakheke ngendlela engafanele. Itshe lisuswa ngombobo (i-endoscope).\n\n• I-Ureteroscopy (ukuhlola i-ureter ngombobo) ingasetshenziswa ematshe angaphansi ohlelweni lomchamo.\n\n• Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile (i-nephrolithotomy) kungadingeka uma ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi noma zingenakwenzeka.\n\nKhuluma nomdabi wakho ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezingasebenza kuwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-073", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "i-sepsis (ukutheleleka kwegazi okubucayi). Ingabe i-sepsis kungavinjelwa?\n\nFuthi, ingabe umuntu angayithola lesi sifo esibhedlela?", "label": "Ingozi ye-sepsis (isifo sokosuleleka kwegazi) ingancishiswa ngokuthola zonke izigomo ezinconyelwayo. Esibhedlela, ukugeza izandla kahle ngokucophelela kungasiza ukuvimbela izifo ezingaholela kwi-sepsis. Ukukhishwa ngokushesha kwamakhathethi omchamo namapayipi okufaka umuthi emzimbeni uma engasadingeki nawo kungasiza ukuvimbela izifo ezingaholela kwi-sepsis."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-074", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Kusukela ngesikhathi ngiqala ukuthatha i-Letrozole (umuthi wokwelapha umdlavuza) ezinyangeni ezingu-4.6 ezedlule, manje sengine-cyst engu-4 cm phambi kwesibeletho sami sokudla okufanele sisuswe. Kungani nginikwa umuthi ophinde unikezwe abesifazane abasha abazama ukukhulelwa? Sengidlule esikhathini futhi ngaba nomdlavuza wesifuba osesigabeni sokuqala ngo-2010. Manje, njengoba sengiphetha iminyaka emihlanu ngisebenzisa lo muthi, nginemiphumela emibi ne-cyst. Ingabe i-cyst iqanda elingakhulelwanga elizalwe ngamashubhu e-Fallopian? Angikwazi ukuqonda le ndlela yokunginika lo muthi?", "label": "I-Letrozole isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza webele esigabeni sokuqala kubesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma (ukuphela kwezinsuku zokuya esikhathini) nabalashe ngezinye izindlela, njengokusetshenziswa kwemikhanya yokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa ukususa umhlaza. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwelapha umdlavuza webele esigabeni sokuqala kubesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma nabasebenzise umuthi obizwa nge-tamoxifen (Nolvadex) iminyaka emihlanu.\n\nI-Letrozole iphinde isetshenziselwe abesifazane abadlule esikhathini sokuma:\n1. Njengokwelapha kokuqala komdlavuza webele osusabalele ebeleni noma kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.\n2. Kubesifazane umdlavuza wabo webele oye waba mubi ngesikhathi bethatha i-tamoxifen.\n\nI-Letrozole ingumuthi ohlukaniswa ngokuthi i-nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Isebenza ngokunciphisa inani lohlobo lwehomoni ebizwa nge-estrogen ekhiqizwa umzimba. Lokhu kunganciphisa noma kuvimbe ukukhula kwamasosha omzimba angenampilo adala umdlavuza webele adinga i-estrogen ukuze akhule."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-075", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe uma umuntu omile kakhulu ngabe kwesinye isikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu obuqinile obucindezela esifubeni sakhe (ngqo nje ngaphansi kwamabele) ngaphambi kokuba aquleke noma awe phansi?", "label": "Izimpawu zokuncipha kwamanzi okuncane kuya kokuphakathi:\n- Ukoma\n- Umlomo owomile noma onamathayo\n- Ukungachami kakhulu\n- Umchamo ophuzi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile\n- Isikhumba esomile, nesibandayo\n- Ubuhlungu bekhanda\n- Amakwanga ezicubu\n\nIzimpawu zokuncipha kwamanzi okuxwayile:\n- Ukungachami, noma umchamo ophuzi kakhulu noma onombala wegolide\n- Isikhumba esomile, esisongelekile\n- Ukucasuka noma ukudideka\n- Isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unesiyezi\n- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha\n- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha\n- Amehlo angene phakathi okuxwayile\n- Ukungabi namandla\n- Ukwehla kakhulu komfutho wegazi\n- Ukuphelelwa amandla noma ukudideka okuxwayile"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-076", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Igama: [IGAMA] Usuku Nesikhathi Sokuxhumana: NgLwesine, 1 Januwari 2015 16:10:06 GMT Uhlelo lokusebenza: myncbi I-SessionId: CE9069DE4A56A0A1_0093SID Igama Lomsebenzisi le-MyNCBI: Isiphathimandla: portal205 Isithombe somzuzwana: /projects/MyNCBI/myncbiPortal@2.45 Ikheli le-user agent lesiphequluli sewebhu: Mozilla/4.0 (ihambisana; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2) Isikhathi Sokwakhiwa Kwekhasi Lohlelo Lokusebenza: 2015-01-01T11:03:27-05:00 Ikhasi: recentactivity Umyalezo: Sihlala e-[INDAWO] futhi umyeni wami utholakale ene-insulinoma (isigaxa esakheka ngokweqile segazi). Sidinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalolu daba njengoba odokotela bengakaze bayibone lapha. Siyabonga kakhulu kakhulu ngempendulo yakho. Sifisela nonke uNyaka oMusha omuhle futhi sibonga kakhulu kakhulu ngosizo lwenu.", "label": "I-insulinoma ingumhlaza esiswini sempushane okhiqiza i-insulin engaphezu kwesidingo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-077", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe kukhona okusizayo kulokhu ekwelapheni ama-keloid esikhumba? Futhi, yini engasiza ama-keloid?", "label": "Amakeloids avamise ukungadingeki ukwelashwa. Uma ikeloid ikukhathaza, lezi zinto zingenzeka ukunciphisa usayizi wayo:  - Ukujova i-corticosteroid  - Ukuqandisa (i-cryotherapy)  - Ukwelashwa nge-laser  - I-radiation  - Ukususwa ngoqhaqho  - I-silicone gel noma ama-patch esilicone  Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingenza isibazi sekeloid sibe sikhulu kakhulu kunasekuqaleni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-078", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mnumzane Othandekayo. Ngingu[NAME] ovela eNdiya esifundazweni saseGujarat. Ubaba wami oneminyaka engu-61 ubudala uhlaselwe umdlavuza wephenkriyasi futhi ususesigabeni sesithathu noma sesine. Bonke odokotela bahlulekile ukusisiza njengoba betshela ubaba wami ukuthi angeke aphile ngaphezulu kwezinyanga ezine. Ngifuna ukuthola iziphakamiso zakho kanye nosizo ngobaba wami onesifo somdlavuza wephenkriyasi. Ngifuna ukusindisa impilo kababa wami. Uma kukhona uhlobo lwanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholakalayo, ngicela ungisize. Ngicela ungithinte kule nombolo yocingo engezansi. [CONTACT]", "label": "Ukwelashwa kwe-adenocarcinoma (uhlobo lomhlaza wesitho sepankreasi) kuncike esigabeni somhlaza wesitho sepankreasi. Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka uma umhlaza ungakasabalali noma usabalale kancane. Kanye nokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy (ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali) noma i-radiation therapy (ukwelashwa ngemisebe) noma kokubili kungasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Inani elincane labantu lingalapheka ngalendlela yokwelashwa.\n\nUma umhlaza ungakasabalali ngaphandle kwepankreasi kodwa ungeke uhlinzwe, i-chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy ndawonye zinganconywa. Uma umhlaza usabalele kwezinye izitho njengasesibindini, i-chemotherapy yodwa ivame ukusetshenziswa.\n\nNgomhlaza osuthuthuke kakhulu, inhloso yokwelashwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu. Isibonelo, uma umbhobho othwala inyongo uvinjelwe umhlaza wepankreasi, inqubo yokufaka i-stent (ishubhu elincane lokuvula) ingenziwa ukuvula ukuvinjelwa. Lokhu kungasiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa isisu, ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba, nokuluma kwesikhumba."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-079", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Igama: [IGAMA] Usuku Nesikhathi Sokuxhumana: uMsombuluko, 19 Januwari 2015 19:48:21 GMT Uhlelo: entrez Idathabheyisi: pubmed I-SessionId: 39700B4F4BD5E951_0188SID Igama Lomsebenzisi le-MyNCBI: Imininingwane ye-user agent yebrowser: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10) AppleWebKit/600.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Safari/600.1.25 Umzimba Womlayezo: Ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele kanjani ukuthi unesifo somoya?", "label": "Umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosebenzisa ithuluzi lokulalela (i-stethoscope) ukulalela amaphaphu akho. Ukuhefuzela noma eminye imisindo ehlobene nesifo somoya (i-asthma) ingezwakala. Ukuhlolwa okungase kufakwe uhlu:\n\n1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibanga ukuba nezifo zokwelulama (i-allergy) - ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma kwegazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu onesifo somoya unezinto ezithile ezimenza agule\n\n2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elivela emithanjeni (i-Arterial blood gas) (ivame ukwenziwa kuphela ezigulini ezinohlaselo olukhulu lwesifo somoya)\n\n3. Ukuthathwa kwesithombe samaphaphu (i-x-ray)\n\n4. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, kufaka phakathi nokukalwa kwendlela umoya ophuma ngamandla (i-peak flow)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-080", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-Hypertension kanye ne-fibromyalgia, ngibonakala njalo ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]", "label": "Umfutho wegazi uyisilinganiso samandla acindezeleka ezindongeni zemithambo yakho yegazi njengoba inhliziyo yakho ipompa igazi iye emzimbeni wakho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) yigama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kunikezwa njengezinombolo ezimbili. Inombolo engaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-systolic (uma inhliziyo ishaya). Inombolo engezansi ibizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi we-diastolic (uma inhliziyo iphumula). Isibonelo, 120 ngaphezu kuka-80 (kubhalwa njenge-120/80 mmHg, lapho mmHg ikhombisa isilinganiso somfutho wegazi). Enye noma zombili lezi zinombolo zingaba phezulu kakhulu. (Qaphela: Lezi zinombolo zisebenza kubantu abangathathi imithi yomfutho wegazi futhi abangaguli.)\n\n- Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungaphansi kuka-120/80 mmHg isikhathi esiningi.\n- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (hypertension) kungaba lapho umfutho wegazi wakho ungu-140/90 mmHg noma ngaphezulu isikhathi esiningi.\n- Uma izinombolo zomfutho wegazi wakho zingu-120/80 noma ngaphezulu, kodwa zingaphansi kuka-140/90, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi osendleleni yokuba phezulu (pre-hypertension).\n\nUma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso, noma uke washaywa yisifo ohlangothi, udokotela wakho angafuna ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho ube phansi kakhulu kunalowo wabantu abangenalezi zimo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-081", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-fibromyalgia (isifo sezinhlungu emzimbeni wonke), kubonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela, engingenawo. Ngiyakujabulela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]", "label": "Isifinyezo  Umfutho wegazi uyingcindezi yegazi lakho elicindezela izindonga zemithambo yakho. Njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi liye emithanjeni. Umfutho wegazi lakho uphakeme kakhulu uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ipompa igazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-systolic pressure. Uma inhliziyo yakho iphumule, phakathi kwemishayelo, umfutho wegazi lakho uyehla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-diastolic pressure. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi lakho kusebenzisa lezi zinombolo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile inombolo ye-systolic ifika ngaphambi noma ngaphezulu kwenombolo ye-diastolic. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi kwe- - 119/79 noma ngaphansi kuyumfutho wegazi ojwayelekile - 140/90 noma ngaphezulu kungumfutho wegazi ophakeme - Phakathi kwe-120 ne-139 enombolweni ephezulu, noma phakathi kwe-80 ne-89 enombolweni engaphansi kubizwa ngokuthi i-prehypertension (isimo esingaphambili somfutho wegazi ophakeme). I-prehypertension isho ukuthi ungagcina unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngaphandle uma uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokuvamile awunazimpawu, kodwa ungabanga izinkinga ezinzima njengokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nokuphela kwezinso. Ungalawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yempilo enempilo njengokuzivocavoca kanye nohlelo lokudla lwe-DASH (Izindlela Zokudla Zokumisa Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme) kanye nokuthatha imithi, uma kudingeka.  NIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Senhliziyo, Amaphaphu, neGazi"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-082", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nefibromyalgia, kubonakala sengathi ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olukhona. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]", "label": "I-Fibromyalgia isindrome ejwayelekile lapho umuntu eba nobuhlungu isikhathi eside kakhulu, obusakazeke emzimbeni wonke jikelele. Ubuhlungu buvamise ukuhambisana nokukhathala, izinkinga zokulala, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukudangala, kanye nokwesaba. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nokuzwela kanye nobuhlungu emazweni, emisipheni, emithambo kanye nakwamathishu athambile emzimbeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-083", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuphakama komfutho wegazi (Hypertension) kanye nesifo sokuqaqamba kwezicubu zomzimba (fibromyalgia), ngibonakala ngithola kuphela izihloko eziphathelene nesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga [IGAMA]. Siyabonga.", "label": "Isifinyezo I-Fibromyalgia yisifo esibangela ubuhlungu bamashubhu nokudangala. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bane \"zindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu\" emzimbeni. Izindawo ezibuhlungu kakhulu yizindawo ezithile entanyeni, emahlombe, emhlane, emakaleni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Lezi zindawo zibuhlungu uma zidindwa. Abantu abane-fibromyalgia bangaba nezinye izimpawu, ezifana:\n- Inkinga yokulala\n- Ukuqina kwasekuseni\n- Ubuhlungu bekhanda\n- Isikhathi sokuya enyangeni esibuhlungu\n- Ukuba nobizinyo noma ukungezwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni\n- Izinkinga zokucabanga nokukhumbula (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi \"inkungu ye-fibro\" - isimo sokungakwazi ukucabanga kahle)\n- Ukucindezeleka\n\nAkekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ebangela i-fibromyalgia. Noma ngabe ubani angayithola, kodwa ivame kakhulu kubesifazane asebekhulile. Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis nezinye izifo lapho umzimba ulwa nawo bavame kakhulu ukuthola i-fibromyalgia. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-fibromyalgia, kodwa imithi ingakusiza ukuthi ulawule izimpawu zakho. Ukulala ngokwanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla kahle kungasiza futhi.\n\nNIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo): Isikhungo Sikazwelonke se-Arthritis ne-Musculoskeletal neziFo zeSikhumba"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-084", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umbuzo. Yini umbono ohlanganyelelwe wabodokotela bezokwelapha mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa? Futhi unayo yini umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (isifo somoya) ingukwelashwa?", "label": "Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:\n- Ukuqapha ukuvuvukala komgudu womoya\n- Ukugwema izinto eziqala izimpawu zakho\n- Ukukusiza ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwezimpawu ze-asthma\n\nWena nodokotela wakho kufanele nisebenze njengethimba ukulawula i-asthma yakho. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokuthatha imithi, ukuqeda izinto eziqala i-asthma, nokuqapha izimpawu.\n\nIMITHI YE-ASTHMA\nKunemihlobo emibili yemithi yokwelapha i-asthma:\n- Imithi yokulawula ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa\n- Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (yokukhulula) ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela\n\nIMITHI YESIKHATHI ESIDE\nLe mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokugcina noma yokulawula. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izimpawu kubantu abane-asthma ephakathi noma enzima. Kufanele uyiphuze nsuku zonke ukuze isebenze. Yiphuze ngisho uma uzizwa ulungile. Eminye imithi yesikhathi eside iphefumulwa (ihogelwa), njengama-steroid (imithi yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) nama-beta-agonists (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) esikhathi eside. Eminye ithathwa ngomlomo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela umuthi ofanele wena.\n\nIMITHI YOKUSIZA NGOKUSHESHA\nLe mithi ibizwa ngokuthi imishanguzo yokukhulula. Ithathwa:\n- Ngokokhwehlela, ukuhefuzela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuhlasela kwe-asthma\n- Ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-asthma ezidalwa ukuzivocavoca\n\nTshela udokotela wakho uma usebenzisa imithi yokusiza ngokushesha kabili ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Uma kunjalo, i-asthma yakho ingahle ingalawuleki kahle futhi udokotela wakho kungenzeka adinge ukushintsha umthamo wakho wemithi yokulawula yansuku zonke.\n\nImithi yokusiza ngokushesha ifaka:\n- Ama-bronchodilator (imithi yokuvula imigudu yokuphefumula) ahogelwayo esikhathi esifushane\n- Ama-corticosteroid (imithi enamandla yokuqeda ukuvuvukala) aphuziwe uma une-asthma attack engapheli\n\nUkuhlasela kwe-asthma okubi kudinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela. Kungenzeka futhi udinge ukuhlala esibhedlela. Lapho, uzothola i-oxygen, usizo lokuphefumula, nemithi enikezwa ngemithambo (IV).\n\nUKUNAKEKELWA KWE-ASTHMA EKHAYA\n- Yazi izimpawu ze-asthma okufanele uziqaphele.\n- Yazi ukuthi uthatha kanjani izinga lakho lokuhamba komoya futhi lichaza ukuthini.\n- Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma lokhu kwenzeka.\n- Yazi ukuthi unakekela kanjani i-asthma yakho uma uzivocavoca.\n\nIzinhlelo zokwenza i-asthma yimibhalo ebhalwe phansi yokulawula i-asthma. Uhlelo lokwenza i-asthma kufanele lufake:\n- Imiyalelo yokuthatha imithi ye-asthma uma isimo sakho siqinile\n- Uhlu lwezinto eziqala i-asthma nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani\n- Indlela yokubona uma i-asthma yakho iba mbi, nokuthi ubize nini udokotela noma unesi\n\nI-peak flow meter yithuluzi elilula lokulinganisa ukuthi ungawusheshisa kangakanani umoya ophuma emaphashini akho.\n- Ingakusiza ubone uma ukuhlasela kuza, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezimpawu zingakaveli.\n- Ukukalwa kwe-peak flow kusiza ukukwazisa uma udinga ukuthatha umuthi noma esinye isenzo.\n- Amanani e-peak flow aphakathi kwengxenye (50%) nengxenye eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi (80%) emiphumeleni yakho emihle ayisiboniso sokuhlasela kwe-asthma okuphakathi nendawo.\n- Amanani angaphansi kwengxenye (50%) ayisiboniso sokuhlasela okubi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-085", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umbuzo. Yini ukuvumelana kodokotela mayelana nokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka? Futhi ingabe unayo indatshana noma umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe i-asthma (umbefu) ingalapheka?", "label": "I-asthma yisifo sesikhathi eside esingenalo ukwelapha. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-asthma ukusilawula lesi sifo. Ukulawula kahle i-asthma kuzokwenza lokhu:\n\n- Kuvimbele izimpawu ezingaziwa nezinkinga, njengokukhwehlela nokushoda komoya\n- Kunciphise isidingo sakho semithi yokusiza ngokushesha\n- Kukusize ugcine ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaphu\n- Kukuvumele ugcine izinga lakho elijwayelekile lokusebenza futhi ulale ubusuku bonke\n- Kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwe-asthma okungaholela ekuvakasheleni igumbi eliphuthumayo noma ukuhlala esibhedlela\n\nUkulawula i-asthma, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukulawula i-asthma yakho noma eyengane yakho. Izingane ezineminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu - kanye nezingane ezincane ezikwazi - kufanele zithathe indima ebalulekile ekunakekeleni kwe-asthma yazo.\n\nUkuthatha indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-asthma yakho kuhlanganisa:\n\n1. Ukusebenza nodokotela ukwelapha ezinye izimo ezingaphazamisa ukulawulwa kwe-asthma.\n2. Ukugwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi (izivusi ze-asthma). Kodwa-ke, ungagwemi ukushukuma komzimba. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo enhle.\n3. Ukusebenza nabasizi bezempilo ukwenza nokulandela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-asthma. Lolu hlelo lunikeza imihlahlandlela yokuthatha imithi, ukugwema izivusi ze-asthma, ukulandela izinga lokulawula, nokuphendula ezimpawini ezimbi.\n\nI-asthma yelashwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi:\n1. Imithi yokulawula kwesikhathi eside: Inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya ivimbele izimpawu.\n2. Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (\"yokusindisa\"): Yelapha izimpawu eziqhamukayo.\n\nUkwelashwa kwakho kuzoncika ekubucayini kwe-asthma yakho. Udokotela angashintsha imithi yakho ngokwesidingo. Landela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-asthma olwenziwe nodokotela wakho. Lolu hlelo luchaza ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke nendlela yokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo.\n\nGwema izinto ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe mbi. Lokhu kungahlanganisa upholeni, ukungcola komoya, noma uboya bezilwane. Kodwa-ke, qhubeka nokushukuma komzimba ngokusebenzisana nodokotela wakho.\n\nUma unezinye izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokuphindisela, ingcindezi, noma i-sleep apnea (ukungaphefumuli kahle ubuthe ulele), udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lezi zimo futhi.\n\nImithi\n\nUdokotela wakho uzocabangela izinto eziningi uma enquma ukuthi yimiphi imithi yesifuba somoya engcono kuwe. Uzobheka ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani kuwe. Bese, uzohlelela umthamo noma umuthi njengoba kudingeka. Imithi yesifuba somoya ingathathwa njengemaphilisi, kodwa iningi lithathwa kusetshenziswa isixhobo esibizwa nge-inhaler. I-inhaler ivumela umuthi ukuthi uye ngqo emaphashini akho. Hhayi zonke ama-inhaler asetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Cela udokotela wakho noma omunye umuntu okunakekela impilo ukuthi akubonise indlela efanele yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho. Buyekeza indlela osebenzisa ngayo i-inhaler yakho kuzo zonke izivakashelo zokwelashwa.\n\nImithi Yokulawula Isikhathi Eside\n\nAbantu abaningi abanesifuba somoya badinga ukuthatha imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu. Imithi enamandla kakhulu isikhathi eside inciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya, okusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ziqale. Le mithi ayikuphilisi ngokushesha ezimpawini.\n\nAma-corticosteroid ahogekayo yiwo amithi ekhethwayo yokulawula isikhathi eside sesifuba somoya. Yiyo indlela esebenza kakhulu yokwelapha isikhathi eside ukuvuvukala nokudumba okwenza imithamo yakho yomoya ibe nobuthaka ezintweni ezithile eziphefumulwayo. Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kusiza ukuvimbela ukuxhumana okubangela izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Abantu abaningi abathatha le mithi nsuku zonke bathola ukuthi inciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezimpawu nokuthi zivela kangaki.\n\nAma-corticosteroid ahogekayo ahlale ephephile uma ethathwa njengoba emisiwe. Le mithi yehlukile kuma-anabolic steroids angekho emthethweni athathwa yizindlalifa ezithile. Ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo awabangeli ukujwayela, ngisho noma uwathatha nsuku zonke iminyaka eminingi.\n\nNjengeminye imithi eminingi, ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo angaba nemiphumela engemihle. Odokotela abaningi bayavumelana ukuthi izinzuzo zokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya zibaluleke kakhulu kunobungozi bemiphumela engemihle. Umphumela ongemihle ojwayelekile kusuka kuma-corticosteroid ahogekayo ukutheleleka komlomo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-thrush. Ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kwi-inhaler yakho ukugwema i-thrush. Lezi zinto zinamatheliswa kwi-inhaler yakho. Zisiza ukuvimbela umuthi ukuthi ungahlali emlonyeni wakho noma ngemuva komphimbo wakho.\n\nHlola nodokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi i-spacer noma i-holding chamber kufanele isetshenziswe ne-inhaler onayo. Futhi, sebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unemibuzo mayelana nokusebenzisa i-spacer noma i-holding chamber. Ukuhlamba umlomo wakho ngamanzi emva kokuthatha ama-corticosteroid ahogekayo nako kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho be-thrush.\n\nUma unesifuba somoya esikhulu, kungenzeka uthathe amaphilisi e-corticosteroid noma amanzi okwesikhashana ukuze ulawule isifuba somoya sakho. Uma uthathwa isikhathi eside, le mithi ikhuphula ubungozi bakho bokuba ne-cataracts (ukufiphala kwelense esweni) ne-osteoporosis (isifo esenza amathambo abe buthaka). Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi wengeze omunye umuthi wokulawula isifuba somoya isikhathi eside ukuze akwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wakho wama-corticosteroids. Noma, angaphakamisa ukuthi uthathe amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D ukuvikela amathambo akho.\n\nEminye imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside ihlanganisa:\n\n1. I-Cromolyn: Ithathwa ngesixhobo esibizwa nge-nebulizer esithumela umusi womuthi emaphashini.\n2. I-Omalizumab (anti-IgE): Inikezwa njengomjovo kanye noma kabili ngenyanga. Ivimbela umzimba ukuphendula ezintweni ezidala isifuba somoya.\n3. Ama-beta2-agonists ahogekayo asebenza isikhathi eside: Avula imithamo yomoya. Asetshenziswa nama-corticosteroids ahogekayo.\n4. Ama-Leukotriene modifiers: Athathwa ngomlomo. Avimba ukuxhumana okwandisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yomoya.\n5. I-Theophylline: Ithathwa ngomlomo. Ivula imithamo yomoya.\n\nThatha imithi yakho yokulawula isikhathi eside nsuku zonke. Izimpawu zingabuya noma zibe zimbi uma uyeka ukuyithatha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela engemihle nezindlela zokuyinciphisa.\n\nImithi Yokuphilisa Ngokushesha\n\nBonke abantu abanesifuba somoya badinga imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha. Ama-beta2-agonists amafushane ahogekayo yiwo ukukhetha kokuqala. Asebenza ngokushesha ukuqaqa imisipha ezungeze imithamo yomoya. Yithatha uma uqala ukubona izimpawu zesifuba somoya. Uma uyisebenzisa ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Thwala i-inhaler yakho yokuphilisa ngokushesha nawe njalo.\n\nLandela Isifuba Somoya Sakho\n\nGcina amarekhodi ezimpawu, hlola i-peak flow, futhi uthole ukuhlolwa njalo. Rekhoda izimpawu kudayari. Isifuba somoya silawulwa kahle uma:\n\n- Unezimpawu hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.\n- Ungenza zonke izinto zakho ezijwayelekile.\n- Uthatha imithi yokuphilisa ngokushesha hhayi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili ngesonto.\n- Awubi nokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya ngaphezu kokukodwa ngonyaka okudinga ama-corticosteroids ngomlomo.\n- I-peak flow yakho ayehli ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-80 enombolweni yakho engcono kakhulu.\n\nSebenzisa i-peak flow meter njalo ekuseni. Irekhoda ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ukuyisebenzisa nokuthatha imithi yakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni.\n\nThola ukuhlolwa kwesifuba somoya njalo. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu zakho, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, nezinombolo ze-peak flow. Angashintsha imithi yakho uma kudingeka.\n\nUkwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya emaqenjini Akhethekile\n\nUkwelashwa okuchazwe ngenhla kuvame ukusebenza kubo bonke abantu abaneSifuba Somoya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zokwelashwa zihluka kubantu abakumaqembu athile eminyaka kanye nalabo abanesidingo esikhethekile.\n\nIzingane\nKunzima ukubona iSifuba Somoya ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi izingane ezincane eziphefumula kanzima noma ezinezinye izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zizozuza yini emithini yokulawula isikhathi eside. (Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha ivame ukusiza ukuphefumula kanzima ezinganeni ezincane noma zineZifuba Somoya noma cha.) Odokotela bazokwelapha izingane ezincane nezisanda kuzalwa ezinezimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ngemithi yokulawula isikhathi eside uma, emva kokuhlola ingane, bezizwa ukuthi izimpawu ziyaqhubeka futhi zingaqhubeka emva kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. (Ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, yana ku \"Sibonwa Kanjani iSifuba Somoya?\")\n\nAmacorticosteroid ahogekayo yikona okunconywa ukwelapha izingane ezincane. I-Montelukast ne-cromolyn zinye izinketho. Ukwelashwa kunganikezwa isikhathi sokuhlola esiyinyanga eyodwa kuya emavikini ayisithupha. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukumiswa uma kungabonakali izinzuzo ngaleso sikhathi futhi udokotela nabazali beqinisekile ukuthi umuthi usetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.\n\nAmacorticosteroid ahogekayo angahle anciphise ukukhula kwezingane zazo zonke izinyaka. Ukuncipha kokukhula kuvame ukubonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokwelashwa, kuvamise ukuba kuncane, futhi akuyi kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. ISifuba Somoya esingalawuleki kahle naso singanciphisa izinga lokukhula kwengane. Izingcweti eziningi zicabanga ukuthi izinzuzo zamacorticosteroid ahogekayo ezinganeni eziwadingayo ukulawula iSifuba Somoya sazo zingcono kakhulu kunengozi yokuncipha kokukhula.\n\nAbantu Abadala\nOdokotela kungadingeka balungise ukwelashwa kweSifuba Somoya kubantu abadala abaphuza eminye imithi ethile, njengama-beta blockers, i-aspirin neminye imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu, kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala. Le mithi ingavimbela imithi yeSifuba Somoya ukuthi isebenze kahle futhi ingenza izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya zibe zimbi. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuza, kufaka phakathi nemithi engadingekile ukuyithola ngemvume kadokotela.\n\nAbantu abadala bangathola amathambo abuthakathaka ngokusebenzisa amacorticosteroid ahogekayo, ikakhulukazi ngezinga eliphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza amaphilisi e-calcium ne-vitamin D, kanye nezinye izindlela zokusiza ukugcina amathambo akho eqinile.\n\nAbesifazane Abakhulelwe\nAbesifazane abakhulelwe abaneSifuba Somoya kufanele balawule isifo ukuze baqinisekise ukuhlinzeka okuhle kwe-oxygen ezinganeni zabo. Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kwandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia (isimo lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ethola khona umfutho wegazi ophezulu namaphrotheni emchamo). Ukulawuleka okubi kweSifuba Somoya kuphinde kwandise ingozi yokuthi ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ibe nesisindo esincane sokuzalwa.\n\nIzifundo zibonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukuphuza imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngesikhathi ukhulelwe kunokubeka engozini yokuba nohlobo olubi lweSifuba Somoya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uneSifuba Somoya futhi ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Izinga lakho lokulawula iSifuba Somoya lingaba ngcono noma libe libi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe. Ithimba lakho lezempilo lizohlola ukulawuleka kweSifuba Somoya sakho izikhathi eziningi futhi lilungise ukwelashwa kwakho njengoba kudingeka.\n\nAbantu Abathola Izimpawu ZeSifuba Somoya Ngesikhathi Benza Imisebenzi Yomzimba\nImisebenzi yomzimba iyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphila enempilo. Abantu abadala badinga imisebenzi yomzimba ukugcina impilo enhle. Izingane ziyidinga ngokukhula nokuthuthuka. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, imisebenzi yomzimba ingabanga izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe noma enganeni yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezingcono zokulawula iSifuba Somoya ukuze uqhubeke uhlale usebenza.\n\nLe mithi elandelayo ingasiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba:\n\n• Imithi yokwelapha ngokushesha (ama-beta2-agonists asebenza ngokushesha) athathwa ngaphambi nje kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba angahlala ama-awa amabili kuya kwamanthathu futhi avimbele izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca kubantu abaningi abayithatha.\n\n• Ama-beta2-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside anganikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Kodwa-ke, ngokuwasebenzisa nsuku zonke, angeke esanikeza ukuvikeleka kuze kube ama-awa ayishumi nambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwale mithi emzimbeni kungaba yisiboniso sokuthi iSifuba Somoya silawuleka kabi.\n\n• Ama-Leukotriene modifiers (imithi elawula ukuvuvukala). Lawa maphilisi athathwa ama-awa ambalwa ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi womzimba. Angasiza ukwelapha izimpawu zeSifuba Somoya ezibangwa imisebenzi yomzimba.\n\n• Imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside. Izimpawu ezivamile noma ezinzima ngenxa yemisebenzi yomzimba zingasho iSifuba Somoya esilawuleka kabi kanye nesidingo sokuqala noma ukwandisa imithi yokulawula isikhathi eside enciphisa ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela izimpawu ezihlobene nokuzivocavoca.\n\nUkungena kancane emisebenzini yomzimba nesikhathi sokufudumala kungasiza. Ungafuna nokugqoka imaski noma isikhafu emlonyeni uma uzivocavoca ezimweni ezibandayo. Uma usebenzisa imithi yakho yeSifuba Somoya njengoba udokotela wakho ekulayeza, kufanele ukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba noma umdlalo owukhethayo.\n\nAbantu Abahlinzwayo\nISifuba Somoya singengeza ingozi yokuba nezinkinga ngesikhathi nangemuva kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kweshubhu emphinjeni wakho kungabanga ukuhlaselwa yiSifuba Somoya. Tshela udokotela wakho wokuhlinza ngeSifuba Somoya sakho uma uqala ukukhuluma naye. Udokotela wokuhlinza angathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho, njengokukunika imithi yeSifuba Somoya ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-086", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Izindlela zokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme", "label": "Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi wakho ukuze ube nengozi encane yokuba nezinkinga. Wena kanye nomdabi wakho kufanele nibeke inhloso yomfutho wegazi kuwena. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane (i-pre-hypertension), umhlinzeki wakho uzokuncoma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze wehlise umfutho wegazi wakho ube sesimweni esijwayelekile. Imithi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu kumfutho wegazi ophakeme kancane.\n\nUKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YOKUPHILA\nKuningi ongakwenza ukuze usize ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho ekhaya, okuhlanganisa:\n- Dla ukudla okunempilo enhliziyweni, okuhlanganisa i-potassium (umsoco wokwakha amathambo) kanye ne-fiber (umanya).\n- Phuza amanzi amaningi.\n- Zivocavoce njalo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yoku-aerobic ngosuku.\n- Uma ubhema, yeka.\n- Nciphisa utshwala ophuza ngalo, kube yisiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kubantu besifazane, nezimbili ngosuku kubantu besilisa.\n- Nciphisa inani le-sodium (usawoti) oyidlayo. Zama ukudla okungaphansi kuka-1,500 mg ngosuku.\n- Nciphisa ingcindezi. Zama ukugwema izinto ezikubangela ingcindezi, futhi uzame ukuzindla noma i-yoga ukuze wehlise ingcindezi.\n- Hlala esisindweni somzimba esiphilile.\n\nUmdabi wakho angakusiza uthole izinhlelo zokwehlisa isisindo, ukuyeka ukubhema, nokuzivocavoca. Ungathola futhi ukudluliselwa kudayetishini, ongakusiza ukuhlela ukudla okunempilo kuwena. Ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho kufanele ube phansi kangakanani nokuthi kuyiphi inani okudingeka uqale ngalo ukwelashwa kuncike eminyakeni yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zezokwelapha onazo.\n\nIMITHI YOMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME\nIsikhathi esiningi, umdabi wakho uzozama ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuqala bese ehlola umfutho wegazi wakho izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Imithi izosungulwa uma ukuhlolwa komfutho wegazi wakho kuhlala noma kukhula kula mazinga:\n- Inombolo ephezulu (umfutho wegazi systolic) ka-140 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala\n- Inombolo ephezulu ka-150 noma ngaphezulu kubantu abangama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu\n- Inombolo ephansi (umfutho wegazi diastolic) ka-90 noma ngaphezulu\n\nUma unesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, noma umlando wokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, imithi ingaqalwa ekufundweni komfutho wegazi ophansi. Izinhloso zomfutho wegazi ezijwayelekile kakhulu zabantu abanalezi zinkinga zezokwelapha zingaphansi kuka-130 kuya ku-140/80 mmHg. Kunemithi eminingi eyahlukene yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme.\n- Ngokuvamile, umuthi owodwa womfutho wegazi ungase ungabi wanele ukulawula umfutho wegazi wakho, futhi ungadinga ukuthatha imithi emibili noma ngaphezulu.\n- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthathe imithi oyinikiwe.\n- Uma unezimpawu ezihlukumezayo, udokotela wakho angafaka omunye umuthi esikhundleni sawo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-087", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingasiza kanjani umlomo owomile?", "label": "Ukwelashwa Komlomo Omile\n\nUkwelashwa komlomo omile kuzoya ngokuthi yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo omile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo wakho omile. Uma umlomo wakho omile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angase ashintshe umuthi wakho noma alungise isikali. Uma izindlala zakho zokukha amathe zingasebenzi kahle kodwa zisakhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angase akunike umuthi osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Udokotela wakho wezinyo noma udokotela angaphinde aphakamise ukuthi usebenzise amathe okwenziwa ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi.\n\nOkufanele Nokungafanele Kwenziwe\n\nOkufanele Kwenziwe:\n• Phuza amanzi noma iziphuzo ezingenashukela njalo. Lokho kuzokwenza ukuhlafuna nokugwinya kube lula uma udla.\n• Hlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela noma uncele uswidi oluqinile olungenashukela ukuvuselela ukugeleza kwamathe.\n• Sebenzisa umshini wokwenza umswakama (humidifier) ebusuku ukuphakamisa umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi ulele.\n\nOkungafanele Kwenziwe:\n• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezine-caffeine njengekhofi, itiye, namanye amanzi agwebu. I-caffeine ingomisa umlomo.\n• Ungasebenzisi ugwayi noma utshwala. Komisa umlomo.\n\nUcwaningo Lwemishanguzo Yegene Yokungasebenzi Kahle Kwezindlala Zamathe\n\nOsozayensi eNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) baphenya ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwemishanguzo yegene ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Umqondo ukudlulisela amagene engeziwe noma okufakwa endaweni yawo ezindlaleni zamathe zabantu abane-Sjögren's syndrome kanye neziguli zomhlaza ezindlala zazo zamathe ezalimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokukhanya. Ithemba ukuthi lawa magene azokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi asuse imizwa yomile ekhathazayo ekhathaza abantu abanesimo somlomo omile.\n\nI-NIDCR isanda kuqeda ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kubantu ngemishanguzo yegene yezindlala zamathe ezilimele ngokukhanya. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi imishanguzo yegene ingenziwa ngokuphepha ezindlaleni zamathe nokuthi inamandla okusiza abasinde emkhuhlane wekhanda nentamo abanomlomo omile. Ngenxa yemiphumela ethembisayo yalolu hlolo, izivivinyo ezifanayo zezokwelapha zihlelelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.\n\nUcwaningo Nge-Sjögren's Syndrome Kanye Nezifo Ezinye Ezithinta Izindlala Zamathe\n\nI-NIDCR iphinde yenze izivivinyo zezokwelapha ukucwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe ezigulini ezine-Sjogren's syndrome. Izifundo ezinjalo zibandakanya ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antibody eyodwa kanye ne-corticosteroid ukubona ukuthi ngabe noma yiluphi lwalolu kwelapha kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwamathe.\n\nEzinye izifundo zigxile ekufundeni ukuthi izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izifo ze-auto inflammatory, kanye nezifo ze-granulomatous zibangela kanjani ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala zamathe. Izifundo ezinjalo zingase ngelinye ilanga ziholele ezindleleni ezingcono zokuvikela nokwelapha izimo zezindlala zamathe.\n\nUkuhlala uhambisana nanoma yiziphi izifundo ezintsha ngemishanguzo yegene nokusebenza kwezindlala zamathe, vakashela i-ClinicalTrials.gov. Leli webhusayithi libala zonke izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezixhaswe nguhulumeni kanye neziningi ezixhaswe ngasese e-U.S. nakulo lonke umhlaba. Iwebhusayithi ibuyekezwa njalo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-088", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yiziphi izindlela zokudambisa umlomo owomile kakhulu na?", "label": "Ukwelashwa komlomo owomile kuzoncika ekutheni yini ebangela inkinga. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unomlomo owomile, bona udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela umlomo owomile. Uma umlomo owomile ubangelwa umuthi, udokotela wakho angashintsha umuthi noma alungise umthamo. Uma izindlala zokukhiqiza amathe (amaglandzi amathe) zingasebenzi kahle, kodwa zisakwazi ukukhiqiza amanye amathe, udokotela wezinyo noma udokotela angakunika umuthi okhethekile osiza izindlala ukuthi zisebenze kangcono. Angaphakamisa ukuthi usebenzise okumele amathe ukugcina umlomo wakho umanzi. (Buka ividiyo ukufunda ngokwelashwa komlomo owomile. Ukwenza ividiyo ibe nkulu, chofoza izibiyelo ngakwesokudla phansi. Ukuyinciphisa, cindezela inkinobho ethi Escape ekhibhodini.)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-089", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngidinga kakhulu ukwehlisa amafutha omzimba", "label": "UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YAKHO YOKUPHILA Indlela yokuphila ezinikele kanye nokuzivocavoca okuningi, kanye nokudla okunempilo, yindlela ephephile kakhulu yokunciphisa isisindo. Ngisho nokunciphisa isisindo okuncane kungathuthukisa impilo yakho. Ungadinga ukwesekwa okuningi kusuka emndenini nabangani. Inhloso yakho enkulu kufanele kube ukufunda izindlela ezintsha, ezinempilo zokudla nokuzenza zibe yingxenye yempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi bathola kunzima ukushintsha imikhuba yabo yokudla nezimilo. Ungabe usulandele eminye imikhuba isikhathi eside kangangoba ungase ungazi nokuthi ayinampilo, noma uyayenza ngaphandle kokucabanga. Udinga ukukhuthazeka ukwenza izinguquko ezimpilweni yakho. Yenza ushintsho lwesimilo sibe yingxenye yempilo yakho isikhathi eside. Yazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza nokugcina ushintsho empilweni yakho. Sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nochwepheshe wokudla ukuze uhlele amanani wokudla wansuku zonke aphephile nafanele, akusiza ukunciphisa isisindo ngenkathi ugcina impilo. Khumbula ukuthi uma wehlisa isisindo kancane nangokuqhubekayo, unamathuba amaningi wokuwagcina engabuyeli. Uchwepheshe wakho wokudla angakufundisa ngalokhu: - Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo - Amakhekhe anempilo - Ukufunda amalebula okudla - Izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa ukudla - Ubukhulu bamaqhezu - Iziphuzo ezimnandi Amadayethi angenamkhawulo (angaphansi kwama-1,100 calories noma ama-4,600 kilojoules ngosuku) akubhekwa njengaphephile noma asebenze kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zamadayethi ahlala engenazo izakhamzimba namavithamini anele. Abantu abaningi abanciphisa isisindo ngale ndlela babuyela ekudleni kakhulu futhi babe nesisindo esikhulu futhi. Funda izindlela zokulawula ingcindezi ngaphandle kokudla amakhekhe. Izibonelo zingaba ukuzindla, iyoga, noma ukuzivocavoca. Uma udangele noma unengcindezi enkulu, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. IMITHI NEMITHI YEMVELO Ungabona izikhangiso zezingeza nemithi yemvelo (izithako zokwengeza) ezithembisa ukuthi zizokusiza ukunciphisa isisindo. Ezinye zalezi zethembiso zingahle zingabi yiqiniso. Futhi ezinye zalezi zingeza zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa. Ungaxoxa ngedokotela lakho ngamaphilisi okunciphisa isisindo. Abantu abaningi banciphisa okungenani amakhilogremu amabili ngesonto ngokuphuza le mithi, kodwa bangaphinda bathole isisindo uma beyeka ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokuba benze izinguquko empilweni yabo. UKULAPHA Ukulapha (okunciphisa isisindo) kunganciphisa ubungozi bezifo ezithile kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zibandakanya: - I-arthritis (ukuqina kwamathambo) - Isifo sikashukela - Isifo senhliziyo - Umfutho wegazi ophezulu - I-sleep apnea (ukuphefumula okunzima ngesikhathi ulele) - Ezinye izifo zomdlavuza - Ukushaywa yiparalaysi Ukulapha kungasiza abantu ababe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi abanganciphisanga isisindo ngenxa yezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengamadayethi, ukuzivocavoca, noma imithi. Ukulapha kuphela akusona isixazululo sokunciphisa isisindo. Kungakuqeqesha ukudla kancane, kodwa usafanele wenze okuningi komsebenzi. Kufanele uzinikele ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni ngemva kokulashwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi ngabe ukulapha kuyinto enhle yini kuwena. Ukulapha okunciphisa isisindo kubandakanya: - I-laparoscopic gastric banding (ukufaka ibhande esesiswini ngomshini omncane) - Ukulapha i-gastric bypass (ukushintsha indlela yokuhamba kokudla esiswini) - I-sleeve gastrectomy (ukunciphisa ubukhulu besisu, eyenziwa kancane) - I-duodenal switch (ukushintsha indlela yokugaya kokudla ematsheni)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-090", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Kuzokwenzekani uma ungahlinzwanga ukususa ipapilloma (isigaxa esincane esikhulayo esikhumbekeni)?", "label": "Ukwelashwa kwama-papilloma (izindlala ezincane) asebeleleni kuvame ukufaka ukususwa kwesitho sokuchiphiza ngokoqhaqho ukuze kuthuliswe izimpawu futhi kuhlolwe ngokwezinga lesitho. Muva nje, kusetshenziswe indlela engafaki ukungenela okukhulu. Indlela yokususa isitho esincane esichiphizayo ngosizo lwedokotela (MD-assisted microdochectomy) kufanele ibhekwe njengendlela ekhethekile yokwelashwa kokuchiphiza kwesitho esisodwa esihlobene ne-papilloma.\n\nNgaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi le ndlela inamandla okunciphisa inani lezinqubo zokususa isitho sokuchiphiza futhi inciphise ubungako bokusika ngokoqhaqho. Ukuthatha isampula ngokuhlinzekwa ngesithombe nokudonsa (imaging-guided vacuum-assisted core biopsy) kungakwazi ukuhlola futhi kwelaphe ama-papilloma abonakala ngesikhathi kuthathwa isithombe sebele (mammography) kanye/noma kusetshenziswa ukuhlola ngamagagasi omsindo (ultrasound).\n\nIziguli ezinama-papilloma amaningi zinengozi enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza futhi kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kufaka ukuthatha isithombe sebele (kungcono kube yisithombe sebele esidijithali) uma zelashwa ngendlela engafaki ukungenela okukhulu. Ukuhlola ngamagnet (Magnetic resonance - MR) kungasetshenziswa futhi ekuqapheleni ngenxa yokukwazi kwakho ukubona izinto ezincane kakhulu.\n\nNgenxa yokuthi ingozi incane, isikhathi eside futhi ithinta onke amabele, ukulandela isikhathi eside kufanele kakhulu kunokususa amabele omabili ngokoqhaqho ukuze kuvikelwe (prophylactic mastectomy). Iziguli ezitholakala zine-papilloma yesitho sokuchiphiza esisodwa azinakho ukwanda okuningi kwengozi yokuthola umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuthi zilandelwe njalo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-091", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ulwazi mayelana nenkinga yami yobukhulu obungaphezulu noma ngingathola yini usizo", "label": "Isifinyezo\n\nUkukhuluphala kuchaza ukuba nomzimba omningi kakhulu. Kuhlukile ekubeni nesisindo esikhulu, okuchaza ukuba nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Isisindo singavela enyameni, ethanjeni, amafutha, kanye/noma amanzi omzimba. Zombili lezi zincazelo zisho ukuthi isisindo somuntu sikhulu kakhulu kunalokho okubhekwa njengempilo ngokwezinga lakhe.\n\nUkukhuluphala kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma udla amakalori (amandla atholakala ekudleni) amaningi kunalawo owasebenzisayo. Ukulingana phakathi kwamakalori angenayo nalawo aphumayo kwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Izinto ezingathinta isisindo sakho zihlanganisa ukwakheka kwakho ngokwemvelo, ukudla kakhulu, ukudla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, kanye nokungashukumi ngokwanele.\n\nUkukhuluphala kwandisa ubungozi bakho besifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, isifo samthambo, kanye nomdlavuza othile. Uma ukhuluphele, ukulahlekelwa ngisho nangamaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-10 wesisindo sakho kungabamba noma kuvimbele ezinye zalezi zifo. Isibonelo, lokho kusho ukulahlekelwa amaphawundi angu-10 kuya ku-20 uma unesisindo samaphawundi angu-200.\n\nNIH (Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezokuphenya Ngezempilo eUSA): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-092", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi mayelana noMdlavuza wombhobho wokudla (esophagus) futhi angitholi lutho uma ngihlola iwebhusayithi yakho.", "label": "Umdlavuza womphimbo wukufa komgudumgude, umbhobho ongaphandle othwala ukudla noketshezi kusuka emphinjeni kuye esiswini. Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, izimpawu zingabandakanya ukugwinya okunzima noma okubuhlungu, ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba nokukhohlela igazi. Imbangela eyiyo ayaziwa ngokujwayelekile, kodwa kokubili izimo zendawo nezinto ezidluliswa ngokufuza zicatshangwa ukuthi zidlala indima ekuthuthukeni kwalesi simo. E-United States, izinto ezingaba yingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womphimbo zibandakanya ukubhema, ukuphuza kakhulu, ukukhuluphala, nokulimala okudalwa ukuphindaphinda kwesibhicongo sesisu. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser. Abanye iziguli zingadinga ukusekwa ngokwezokudla, njengoba umdlavuza noma ukwelashwa kungakwenza kube nzima ukugwinya."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-093", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona. Igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi wonyaka wesithathu esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Njengamanje ngenza ucwaningo ngesihloko sokukhuluphala kakhulu, ngakho-ke bengifisa ukubuza imibuzo embalwa. Ngingabonga kakhulu uma ungakwazi ukuphendula! Ngiyabonga! 1) Yini/Ubani okufanele asolwe ngokukhuluphala kakhulu? 2) Ucabanga ukuthi ukubeka intela ekudleni okungenampilo kunganciphisa inani labantu abakhuluphele kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 3) Singakuvimbela kanjani ukukhuluphala kakhulu? 4) Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke nokudla okunempilo? 5) Ngabe uhulumeni kufanele abambe iqhaza elikhulu ekulweni nokukhuluphala kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 6) Yini eyodwa okufanele siyinciphise kakhulu/siyisuse nhlobo emadayetini ethu? (njengamafutha, amakhabohayidrethi (izakhamzimba ezakhiwe ngamashadozi), ushukela, njll.) Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho!", "label": "Ukudla ngokweqile kunalokho umzimba wakho okudingayo kungaholela ekukhulupheni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba ugcina amandla angasetshenzisiwe njengamafutha. Ukukhuluphala kungabangelwa:\n\n- Ukudla okuningi kunalokho umzimba ongakusebenzisa\n- Ukuphuza kakhulu uphuzo oludakayo\n- Ukungashukumi ngokwanele\n\nAbantu abaningi abakhuluphele abehlisa isisindo esikhulu baphinde basithole bacabanga ukuthi yiphutha labo. Bazisola ngokungabi namandla okuphila ngendlela entsha. Abaningi baphinda bathole isisindo esikhulu kunasekuqaleni. Manje sesiyazi ukuthi indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo iyimbangela enkulu yokuthi abanye bangakwazi ukugcina isisindo siphansi.\n\nAbanye abantu abahlala ndawonye futhi bedla ukudla okufanayo bayakhuluphala, kanti abanye abakhuluphali. Imizimba yethu inendlela eqondile yokugcina isisindo siphilile. Kwabanye, le ndlela ayisebenzi kahle. Indlela esidla ngayo sisebancane ingathinta indlela esidla ngayo sesikhulile. Indlela yokudla eminyakeni eminingi iba yisiko. Ithinta ukuthi sidlani, nini, nokuthi sidla kangakanani.\n\nSingezwa sengathi sizungezwe yizinto ezenza kube lula ukudla ngokweqile futhi kunzima ukuhlala sinyakaza:\n- Abaningi bathi abanaso isikhathi sokwenza ukudla okunempilo\n- Namuhla, abaningi basebenza imisebenzi yokugxila etafuleni kuneyokushukuma\n- Abangenaso isikhathi esengeziwe bangaba nencane indlela yokuzivocavoca\n\n\"Ukudla ngokungalawuleki\" kusho izimo zempilo ezigxile ekudleni, ukudla ngendlela ethile, ukwehla noma ukwenyuka kwesisindo, nomfanekiso womzimba. Umuntu angakhuluphala, adle ngendlela engaphilile, futhi abe nokudla ngokungalawuleki ngesikhathi esisodwa.\n\nKwesinye isikhathi, izinkinga zempilo noma ukwelashwa kungenza umuntu akhuluphe, okuhlanganisa:\n- Isitshalo sethayiroidi esingasebenzi kahle (i-hypothyroidism)\n- Imithi efana namaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, amaphilisi okwelapha ukudumala (izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukucindezeleka), namaphilisi okulapha izimo zengqondo\n\nOkunye okungenza umuntu akhuluphe:\n- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Abaningi abayekayo bathola phakathi kwamagremu angu-1.8 kuya ku-4.5 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala\n- Ingcindezi, ukwesaba, ukuzizwa uphansi, noma ukungalali kahle\n- Ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuya enyangeni: Abesifazane bangathola phakathi kwamagremu angu-5.4 kuya ku-6.8\n- Ukukhulelwa: Abesifazane bangalahlekelwa isisindo abathola ngesikhathi bekhulelwe"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-094", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona. Igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi webanga leshumi esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Njengamanje ngenza ucwaningo ngesihloko sobungingili futhi bengizibuza ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuphendula imibuzo embalwa. Kungathokozisa kakhulu uma ungakwazi! Ngiyabonga! 1) Yini/Ubani okumele asolwe ngobungingili? 2) Ucabanga ukuthi ukufaka intela ekudleni okungempilo kuzonciphisa inani labantu abakhuluphele kakhulu? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 3) Singakuvimbela kanjani ubungingili? 4) Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke nokudla ukudla okunempilo? 5) Ngabe uhulumeni kumele abandakanyeke kakhulu ekunqandeni ubungingili? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo? 6) Yini okuyinto yokuqala okumele sidle kancane kakhulu/siyisuse kudayethi yethu? (njengamafutha, amakhabohayidrethi (izakhamzimba ezakhiwe ngoshukela), ushukela, njll.) Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho!", "label": "UKUSHINTSHA INDLELA YAKHO YOKUPHILA\n\nIndlela yokuphila enomsebenzi kanye nokuzivocavoca okuningi, kanye nokudla okunempilo, yindlela ephephile kakhulu yokwehlisa isisindo. Ngisho nokwehlisa isisindo okuncane kungakuthuthukisa impilo yakho. Ungadinga ukwesekwa okuningi emndenini nabangani.\n\nInhloso yakho enkulu kufanele kube ukufunda izindlela ezintsha, ezinempilo zokudla nokuzenza zibe yingxenye yempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukushintsha imikhuba yabo yokudla nokuziphatha. Ungabe usuwenze eminye imikhuba isikhathi eside kangangokuthi ungase ungazi nokuthi ayinampilo, noma uyenze ngaphandle kokucabanga.\n\nUdinga ukukhuthazeka ukuze wenze izinguquko empilweni yakho. Yenza ushintsho lwezenzo lube yingxenye yempilo yakho isikhathi eside. Yazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza nokugcina ushintsho endleleni yakho yokuphila.\n\nSebenzisana nomdokotela wakho kanye nochwepheshe wokudla ukuze uhlele amanani afanelekile, aphephile wokudla kwansuku zonke okukusiza ukuthi wehlise isisindo ngenkathi ugcina impilo. Khumbula ukuthi uma wehlisa isisindo kancane nangokuqhubekayo, unamathuba amaningi okuwagcina engabuyeli.\n\nUchwepheshe wakho wokudla angakufundisa ngalokhu:\n• Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo (njengamaveji, izithelo, ubhontshisi)\n• Ama-snack anempilo (njengezindlubu, izithelo ezomile)\n• Ukufunda amalebula okudla\n• Izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa ukudla\n• Amasayizi wezingxenye zokudla\n• Iziphuzo ezimnandi kakhulu\n\nAmadayethi anezithiyo ezinkulu (okungaphansi kwama-1,100 amakalori ngosuku) akubhekwa njengaphephile noma asebenza kahle. Lezi zinhlobo zamadayethi azivamile ukuba nezakhamzimba nama-mineral anele. Abantu abaningi abehlisa isisindo ngalendlela babuyela ekudleni kakhulu baphinde babe nobungako obunganakwa.\n\nFunda izindlela zokuphatha ingcindezi ngaphandle kokudla kakhulu. Izibonelo zingaba ukuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuzivocavoca (njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukudansa). Uma udangele noma unengcindezi enkulu, khuluma nomdokotela wakho.\n\nIMITHI KANYE NEMITHI YEMVELO\n\nUngabona izikhangiso zezithako kanye nemithi yemvelo ezithi zizokusiza ukwehlisa isisindo. Ezinye zalezi zethembiso zingangabi yiqiniso. Futhi ezinye zalezi zithako zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khuluma nomdokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.\n\nUngaxoxa ngemithi yokwehlisa isisindo nomdokotela wakho. Abantu abaningi behlisa okungenani amapawundi ayi-5 ngokuphuza le mithi. Kodwa bangaphinda bathole isisindo uma beyeka ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokuba benze izinguquko endleleni yabo yokuphila.\n\nUKUHLINZWA\n\nUkuhlinzwa kokwehlisa isisindo kunganciphisa ingozi yezifo ezithile kubantu abanesisindo esikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zingozi zibandakanya:\n• I-arthritis (ukuqaqamba kwamathambo)\n• Isifo sikashukela\n• Isifo senhliziyo\n• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu\n• I-sleep apnea (ukuphefumula okungalungile ubuthongo)\n• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza\n• Ukushaywa yi-stroke (ukuvaleka kwemithambo egazi ekhanda)\n\nUkuhlinzwa kungasiza abantu ababe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu futhi abangakwazanga ukwehlisa isisindo ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokudla, ukuzivocavoca, noma imithi.\n\nUkuhlinzwa kuphela akusona isixazululo sokwehlisa isisindo. Kungakuqeqesha ukuthi udle kancane, kodwa kufanele wenze okuningi komsebenzi. Kufanele uzibophezele ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Khuluma nomdokotela wakho ukufunda ukuthi ngabe ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela enhle yini kuwena.\n\nUkuhlinzwa kokwehlisa isisindo kubandakanya:\n• I-laparoscopic gastric banding (ukufaka ibhande esesiswini ngomshini omncane)\n• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric bypass (ukunciphisa isisindo sesisu)\n• I-sleeve gastrectomy (ukususa ingxenye yesisu)\n• I-duodenal switch (ukushintsha indlela yokugaya ukudla emathunjini)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-095", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi imininigwane nge-Lynch Syndrome njengoba anginayo ikhompyutha futhi udokotela wami ungitshele ukuthi nginaso lesi sifo.", "label": "I-Lynch syndrome yisimo esidluliselwa ngokuzalwa esibangela ukwenyuka kwengozi yokuthola umdlavuza. Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wekholo (umgogodla omkhulu) nomdlavuza womlomo wesibunu, kanye nomdlavuza wesisu, wemithambo emincane yokuya, wesibindi, wezindlela zenyongo, wezindlela eziphezulu zomchamo (izinso namapayipi awo), wobuchopho, wesikhumba, kanye nowesitho sangasese sabesilisa. Abesifazane abane-Lynch syndrome baphinde babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho (obizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza we-endometrial) kanye nomdlavuza wamaqanda. Yize lesi simo saqala ukuchazwa njengendlela engahlanganisi ukukhula okungeyona umdlavuza (okungabizi) esigazini, abantu abane-Lynch syndrome bangaba namakhwamkhwamu esigazini ngokwengozi. I-Lynch syndrome inephethini yokudluliselwa ngokuzalwa edlulisela isimo ngqo kubazali kuya ezinganeni (i-autosomal dominant) futhi ibangelwa ukuguquka kwamajini athile (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 noma EPCAM)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-096", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi ulwazi ngeLynch Syndrome njengoba ngingenayo ikhompyutha futhi udokotela wami ungitshele ukuthi nginaso lesi sifo.", "label": "I-Lynch syndrome, evame ibizwa ngokuthi i-hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (isifo somdlavuza wesisu elikhulu esidluliswa ngokuzalwa), isifo esidluliswa ngokuzalwa esandisa ubungozi bokhukhulamela wezinhlobo eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, sandisa ubungozi bomdlavuza wesisu elikhulu (large intestine) kanye nendawo yokuzibhuquza, okubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wesisu elikhulu nendawo yokuzibhuquza. Abantu abane-Lynch syndrome baphinde babe nobungozi obukhulu bomdlavuza wesisu, amathumbu amancane, isibindi, imithanjana yenyongo, ingxenye ephezulu yomgudu womchamo, ubuchopho, kanye nesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abanalesi sifo banobungozi obuphakeme bomdlavuza wamaqanda kanye nomgoqo wesibeletho (i-endometrium noma isikhumba sangaphakathi sesibeletho).\n\nAbantu abane-Lynch syndrome ngezinye izikhathi bangaba nokukhula okungenawo umdlavuza (benign) esisu elikhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi amapolyps esisu elikhulu. Kubantu abanalesi sifo, amapolyps esisu elikhulu avela kusenesikhathi kodwa hhayi ngobuningi obukhulu kunalokho okwenzeka ebantwini bonke."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-097", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ungithumelele ngeposi ulwazi lwesiguli mayelana nesifo se-Glaucoma, ngisanda ukuhlolwa ngathola ukuthi nginaso futhi ngifuna ukufunda konke engingakwazi ukukufunda ngalesi sifo.", "label": "Iglaucoma yiqoqo lezimo zamehlo ezingalimaza umsipha wokubona. Lo msipha uthumela izithombe ozibonayo ebuchosheni bakho. Ngokuvamile, ukulimala komsipha wokubona kubangelwa ukwenyuka kwengcindezi eswini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi yaphakathi eswini. Buka lesi sivideo mayelana ne-Iglaucoma"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-098", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ispina bifida (ukuphuka komgogodla); ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo omgogodla; isirinx; ikhorda eboshiwe. Ungangisiza yini ngokwelashwa kwalezi zinkinga?", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukunakekelwa kwe-spina bifida (umgogodla ovulekile): - Isibhedlela Sezingane sase-Benioff, eNyuvesi yase-California, eSan Francisco: Ukwelashwa kwe-Spina Bifida - Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvikela Izifo: Ukuphila ne-Spina Bifida - I-GeneFacts (Ulwazi lwezofuzo): I-Spina Bifida: Ukuhlolelwa - I-GeneFacts (Ulwazi lwezofuzo): I-Spina Bifida: Ukunakekelwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwezofuzo: Inkinga yomgudu wemizwa - Irejista Yokuhlolwa Kwezofuzo: Izinkinga zomgudu wemizwa, ezinezwela kwifolate - Inhlangano ye-Spina Bifida: Ukunakekelwa Nokwelashwa Kwezinso Nezitho Zangasese - Isikhungo Sokwelashwa Kwezinsana Ezingakazalwa sase-University of California, San Francisco Lezi zinsiza ezivela ku-MedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokunakekelwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo: - Ukuhlolwa - Ukwelashwa Ngamaphilisi - Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela - Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo - Ukunakekelwa Kokudambisa Izinhlungu"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-099", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "i-spina bifida; i-vertebral fusion; i-syrinx tethered cord. Ungasiza ngokwelashwa kwalezi zinkinga?", "label": "Alikho ikhambi le-spina bifida (SB) ngoba amathishu omzwa awakwazi ukufakwa kabusha noma ukulungiswa. Ukwelashwa kwemiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-SB kungafaka ukuhlinzwa, imithi, kanye nokwelapha ngokwenyakazisa umzimba (physiotherapy). Abantu abaningi abane-SB bazodinga izinsiza ezisizayo njengezibopho zokuxhasa (braces), izinduku zokuhamba, noma izitulo ezinamavili (wheelchairs). Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye/noma ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukuvimbela nokulawula izinkinga impilo yonke yomuntu. Ukuhlinzwa ukuvala imbobo eseqolo lomzanyana osanda kuzalwa kwenziwa ngokuvamile kungakapheli amahora angu-24 emva kokuzalwa ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nokugcina ukusebenza okukhona entanjeni yomgogodla."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-100", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[NAME] ngivela e-[LOCATION]. Sekuphose kube yiminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze ama-test ambalwa endodeni yami, isperm count siyizero, futhi ngenze i-molecular biology karyotyping test kuvele ukuthi yi-Klinefelter syndrome. Likhona yini ithuba lokuthi ngikhulelwe? Lukhona yini uhlelo lokwelapha lokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize).", "label": "Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni inkinga ivela kuphi, kodwa kungabandakanya:\n  - Ukujova i-testosterone (kubesilisa)\n  - Isibambelelo sesikhumba esikhipha i-testosterone kancane-kancane (kubesilisa)\n  - Amajeli e-testosterone (kubesilisa)\n  - Amaphilisi noma izibambelelo zesikhumba ze-estrogen kanye ne-progesterone (kubesifazane)\n  - Ukujovwa kwe-GnRH (i-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-101", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[IGAMA] ngivela e-[INDAWO]. Sekuphose kube iminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa zomyeni wami, umyalo uyi-zero, futhi ngenze ivivinyo le-molecular biology karyotyping kuvele ukuthi i-Klinefelter syndrome (uhlobo lwesifo). Ingabe kukhona amathuba okukhulelwa? Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga okuthe xaxa ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize).", "label": "Ukwelashwa ngethestosterone (Testosterone therapy) kunganconywa. Lokhu kungasiza:\n   - Ukukhulisa izinwele zomzimba\n   - Ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwezicubu\n   - Ukuthuthukisa ukugxila\n   - Ukuthuthukisa isimo somqondo kanye nokuzethemba\n   - Ukwandisa amandla kanye nokunxanela ucansi\n   - Ukwandisa amandla\nAmadoda amaningi analesisifo awakwazi ukukhulelisa umuntu wesifazane. Kodwa, uchwepheshe wokulaphela ukungabinamtwana angasiza. Ukubona udokotela obizwa nge-endocrinologist (udokotela wezitho zangaphakathi ezingamadlala) kungaba lusizo futhi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-102", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona dokotela, igama lami ngu-[NAME] ngivela e-[LOCATION]. Sekuphose kube iminyaka emibili ngingakhulelwa. Ngenze izivivinyo ezimbalwa zomyeni wami, inani lamahluli akhe lingu-zero, futhi ngenze isivivinyo se-molecular biology karyotyping, futhi kuvele i-Klinefelter syndrome (isimo esithile sezokwelashwa). Ingabe ikhona ithuba lokukhulelwa? Ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu? Ngicela ungisize... Uma udinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngingakuthumelela imibiko (mnumzane ngicela ungisize kakhulu).", "label": "Lezi zinsiza zibhekana nokuhlolelwa noma ukunakekelwa kwesindrome kaKlinefelter:\n- Genetic Testing Registry: Isindrome kaKlinefelter, XXY\n- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Isindrome kaKlinefelter\n- I-Encyclopedia yeMedlinePlus: Ukwehluleka Kwamathestisi (Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kwezinhlanga)\n\nLezi zinsiza ezivela kuMedlinePlus zinikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuhlolelwa nokunakekelwa kwezimo ezahlukene zempilo:\n- Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlolelwa\n- Ukwelashwa Ngokusebenzisa Imithi\n- Ukuhlinzwa Nokuvuselela\n- Ukwelulekwa Ngezofuzo\n- Ukunakekelwa Kweziguli Ezigulayo Kakhulu"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-103", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umdlavuza wesifuba eminyakeni engu-84. Umama wami othandekayo usanda kuthola ukuthi unomdulavuza wesifuba. Uneminyaka engu-84 ubudala, isibhobho sakhe saqala emthanjeni wobisi futhi sincane ngobukhulu, kukhona futhi isigaxa esifubeni esifanayo. Uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa kususwe isigaxa (i-lumpectomy) ukususa kokubili. Ngenxa yobudala sifuna iziphakamiso ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa emva kokuhlinzwa.", "label": "Ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kuvimbela amaselula omdlavuza ukuthola amahormoni (izakhi zomzimba) adingeka ukuze akhule. Lolu kwelapha kungahlanganisa ukusebenzisa imithi eshintsha indlela amahormoni asebenza ngayo. Ngesinye isikhathi kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa ukususa amaqanda, akhiqiza amahormoni abesifazane. Njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa ngamahormoni kungathinta amaselula omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abanomdlavuza wesifuba osesigabeni sokuqala nalabo abanomdlavuza wesifuba osudlulele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (obizwa ngomdlavuza wesifuba osuqhubekile) bathola ukwelashwa ngamahormoni ngendlela ye-tamoxifen. Ukwelashwa ngamahormoni nge-tamoxifen noma ama-estrogen kungasebenza emaseluleni emzimbeni wonke. Nokho, kungenyusa amathuba okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho (i-endometrial cancer). Uma uthatha i-tamoxifen, kufanele uhlolwe isitho sangasese njalo ngonyaka ukubheka izimpawu zomdlavuza. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi owesifazane azise udokotela wakhe ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukopha esithweni sangasese esingajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokopha kwenyanga."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-104", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umdlavuza webele eminyakeni engama-84. Umama wami usanda ukuhlolwa watholakala enomdlavuza webele. Uneminyaka engama-84 ubudala, isigaxa sakhe siqale emthanjeni wobisi futhi sincane ngobukhulu, kukhona futhi inqumbi ebeleni elifanayo. Uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okubizwa nge-lumpectomy ukususa kokubili. Ngenxa yobudala bakhe, siyacela iziphakamiso ngezindlela zokwelapha emva kokuhlinzwa.", "label": "Imithi ethile eseyisetshenziselwe ngempumelelo eminye imikhuba yomdlavuza manje iyasetshenziswa ukwelapha eminye imikhuba yomdlavuza webele. Ukuxubana kwemithi kungakwazi ukwandisa isikhathi ozophila ngaso, noma isikhathi ozophila ngaso ungenayo umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi ethile efana ne-Herceptin® ne-Tykerb® uma ithathwa ihambisana nokwelashwa ngokubulala amasosha omzimba angenampilo (i-chemotherapy), ingasiza abesifazane abanezinguquko ezithile zofuzo zomdlavuza webele kangcono kunokwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kuphela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-105", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, igama lami ngu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi e-[LOCATION] lapha e-[LOCATION]. Ngibhala umbiko wocwaningo nge-SIDS (Ukufa Okungalindelekile Komntwana Osanda Kuzalwa) futhi bengethemba ukuthi ungangisiza ngolwazi oluthile. Benginentshisekelo ikakhulukazi ekufundeni ngokuthi ngabe abazali kufanele bakhathazeke yini ngokufa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, nokuthi ungangiqondisa yini emithonjeni yolwazi ngalokho, noma uvume ukuthi ngikubuze imibuzo. Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho. Uma unolunye ulwazi olungangisiza, ngingakuthokozela kakhulu. Ungangithumelela i-imeyili ku-[CONTACT] noma ungithinte kucingo lami ku-[CONTACT]. Ngiyaphinda ngiyabonga.", "label": "Ukufa okusheshayo nokungalindelekile kwengane (i-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome noma i-SIDS) ukufa okusheshayo nokungalindelekile kwengane engaphansi konyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu emva kokufa akuvezi isizathu esicacile sokushona."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-106", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, igama lami ngingu-[NAME] futhi ngingumfundi e-[LOCATION] lapha e-[LOCATION]. Ngibhala umbiko wocwaningo nge-SIDS futhi bengethemba ukuthi ungangisiza ngolwazi oluthile. Benginesithakazelo ikakhulukazi ekufundeni ukuthi ngabe abazali kufanele bakhathazeke nge-SIDS nokuthi ungangitshengisa imithombo ethile ngalokho, noma ungivumele ukuxoxisana nawe. Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho esiligcine. Uma unoma yini enye engangisiza, ngingayithokozela kakhulu. Ngicela ungangithumelela i-imeyili ku-[CONTACT] noma ungithinte nge-foni yami ku-[CONTACT]. Ngiyabonga futhi.", "label": "Ukufingqiwa Ukufa okusheshayo kwengane (i-SIDS, okubizwa ngokuthi \"ukufa okungachazeki kwengane\") ukufa okusheshayo, okungaziwa kwengane engaphansi konyaka ubudala. Abanye abantu babiza i-SIDS ngokuthi \"ukufa kwesicabha sengane\" ngoba izingane eziningi ezifa nge-SIDS zitholakala emasicabeni azo. I-SIDS iyimbangela enkulu yokufa ezinganeni eziphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa kanye nonyaka ubudala. Ukufa okuningi kwe-SIDS kwenzeka lapho izingane ziphakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kanye nezinyanga ezine ubudala. Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abafana, abaMnyama base-Afrika, kanye nezingane zama-American Indian/Alaska Native zinengozi ephakeme ye-SIDS.\n\nNakuba ochwepheshe bezempilo bengazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-SIDS, bayazi izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:\n• Ukubeka izingane ngomhlane ukuba zilale, ngisho nangesikhathi sezindlwana ezimfushane. \"Isikhathi sesisu\" senzelwe lapho izingane zivukile futhi kukhona ozibhekile\n• Ukusebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile, njengesicabha sengane esinamathele kahle\n• Ukugcina izinto ezithambile kanye nezinto zokulala ezingaqinile kude nendawo yokulala\n• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane azishisi kakhulu. Gcina igumbi ezingeni lokushisa elifanele umuntu omdala\n• Ungabhemi ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma uvumele noma ubani ukuba abheme eduze kwengane yakho\n\nNIH: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sempilo Yezingane Nokuthuthukiswa"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-107", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona Dkt., ngicela ngine-umngane onalesi sifo.. Ngifuna ukwazi... njengoba ngifuna ukumshada... ngabe kuyisifo esithathelwanayo, futhi singaphola ngokuphelele na? Futhi ngingamusiza kanjani ukuthi alapheke kulesi sifo.. Ngicela impendulo yakho ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu", "label": "Ukwelashwa kwesifo somphefumulo (i-pneumonia) kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lwesifo somphefumulo onalo nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abane-pneumonia etholakala emphakathini—uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesifo somphefumulo—belashwa ekhaya. Izinjongo zokwelashwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka nokuvimbela izinkinga.\n\nUkwelashwa Okujwayelekile\nUma unesifo somphefumulo, landela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa, thatha yonke imithi njengoba iyalelwe, futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuqhubekayo. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlele nini ukunakekelwa okulandelayo. Udokotela wakho angafuna ukuba wenze isithombe-mbhobho sesifuba (i-x ray) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo somphefumulo sesiphelile. Nakuba ungaqala ukuzizwa ungcono emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, ukukhathala kungaqhubeka inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abasheshe bashushumbiswa esibhedlela bangadinga okungenani amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba babuyele emisebenzi yabo ejwayelekile.\n\nIsifo Somphefumulo Esibangwa Amagciwane\nIsifo somphefumulo esibangwa amagciwane selashwa ngemithi ebulala amagciwane (ama-antibiotics). Kufanele uthathe ama-antibiotics njengoba udokotela wakho eyalela. Ungaqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngaphambi kokuba uqede umuthi, kodwa kufanele uqhubeke nowuthatha njengoba uyalelwe. Uma uyeka masinyane kakhulu, isifo somphefumulo singabuya. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuba ngcono emva kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya ku-3 zokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele bazizwe bengcono futhi babe nezimpawu ezincane, njengokukhwehlela nomkhuhlane.\n\nIsifo Somphefumulo Esibangwa Amagciwane Amancane\nAma-antibiotics awasebenzi uma imbangela yesifo somphefumulo kuyigciwane elincane. Uma unesifo somphefumulo esibangwa igciwane elincane, udokotela wakho angakuyalela umuthi obulala amagciwane amancane ukusilapha. Isifo somphefumulo esibangwa igciwane elincane sivame ukuba ngcono emasontweni angu-1 kuya ku-3.\n\nUkwelapha Izimpawu Ezinzima\nUngadinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela uma:\n• Izimpawu zakho zinzima\n• Usengozini yokuba nezinkinga ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zempilo\n\nUma izinga lomoya omhlophe egazini lakho liphansi, ungathola ukwelashwa ngomoya omhlophe. Uma unesifo somphefumulo esibangwa amagciwane, udokotela wakho angakunika ama-antibiotics ngomthambo ongena ngqo emzimbeni (i-intravenous)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-108", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Uyini umkhondo wokulula ngemuva kokuba uphethwe ukufa uhlangothi?", "label": "Ukuthi umuntu uzoba kanjani emva kwe-stroke kuncike:\n- Uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi\n- Umonakalo ongakanani owenzeke emalini yobuchopho\n- Yimiphi imisebenzi yomzimba ethintekile\n- Ukushesha kokunikezwa ukwelashwa\n\nIzinkinga zokuhamba, ukucabanga, nokukhuluma zivame ukuba ngcono emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kwe-stroke. Abantu abaningi abake baba nesifo sohlangothi bayaqhubeka nokuba ngcono ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni. Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yabantu ababa nesifo sohlangothi bayakwazi ukusebenza nokuhlala emakhaya. Abanye abakwazi ukuzinakekela.\n\nUma ukwelashwa ngemithi yokuhlakazela amagquma egazi kuyaphumelela, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zinganyamalala. Kodwa-ke, iziguli zivame ukungafiki esibhedlela ngesikhathi esanele ukuthola le mithi, noma azikwazi ukuyithatha ngenxa yesimo sempilo.\n\nAbantu ababa nesifo sohlangothi ngenxa yegquma legazi (i-ischemic stroke) banethuba elingcono lokusinda kunalabo ababa nesifo sohlangothi ngenxa kokopha ebuchosheni (i-hemorrhagic stroke). Ubungozi besifo sohlangothi yesibili buphezulu kakhulu emasontweni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kwesifo sohlangothi yokuqala. Ubungozi buqala ukwehla emva kwalesi sikhathi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-109", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe lukhona ulwazi olutholakala kwabesifazane abasebenzisa noma abake basebenzisa lona? Ngingathanda ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izenzo zabo kulowo muthi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngosizo lwakho.", "label": "Ngaphandle kwemiphumela edingekayo, umuthi ungabanga eminye imiphumela engathandeki. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi yiyo yonke le miphumela engathandeki engenzeka, uma yenzeka kungadingeka ukwelashwa. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma kwenzeka noma yimiphi yale miphumela engathandeki elandelayo:\n\nOkungajwayelekile\nUkuphuka kwamathambo\nUbuhlungu basesifubeni sesifazane\nUbuhlungu esifubeni\nUkuqhaqhazela, umkhuhlane, noma izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane\nUkudangala emqondweni\nUkuphefumula nzima\nUkuvuvukala kwezinyawo noma imilenze engezansi\n\nOkuvame kancane\nUkuphazamiseka kwemizwa okuqhubekayo noma okubi kakhulu\nUkukhwehlela\nIsiyezi noma ukuzizwa unesiyezi\nUkuquleka\nUkushaya ngokushesha kwenhliziyo\nUkuhlaselwa yinhliziyo\nUkujuluka okwandile\nIsicabucabu\nUbuhlungu esifubeni, esithweni sangasese, noma emilenzeni, ikakhulukazi amakalvu\nUkuphefumula nzima okubi kakhulu nokungalindelekile\nUbuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu nobusheshayo, obungalindelekile\nInkulumo ebhixayo\nUkulahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuxhumana komzimba\nUkuba buthakathaka okusheshayo nokubi kakhulu noma ukungezwa emlenzeni noma engalweni\nUkopha kwesibeletho\nIzinguquko ekuboneni\n\nUkwenzeka okungakaziwa\nUkuzikhulula okunsundu, okufana nekhathari\nUkungaboni nya\nUkubona kufiphele\nUkushisa, ukukwekwezela, ukwenyanya, ukungezwa, ukuhlaba (okufana \"nezinaliti nezingilazi\"), noma imizwa yokukitaza\nUkungaphatheki kahle esifubeni\nUkubona kunciphe\nImithambo yentamo ekhukhumele\nUkukhathala okweqile\nIsidingo esandile sokuchama\nUkuphefumula okungahlelekile\nUkushaya okungahlelekile kwenhliziyo\nUkuchama okubuhlungu noma okunzima\nUkuchama kaningi\nUbuhlungu emphinjeni\nIzilonda, amaqhuqhuva, noma amabala amhlophe ezindebeni noma emlonyeni\nAmaqhubu avuvukele\nUkopha noma ukuba nezibazi okungajwayelekile\nUkukhathala noma ukuba buthakathaka okungajwayelekile\nUkwenyuka kwesisindo\nUkukhala umphimbo\nOkuphuma okumhlophe noma okunsundu esibeletho\n\nEminye imiphumela engathandeki ingenzeka ingadingeki ukwelashwa. Le miphumela engathandeki ingahamba ngesikhathi sokwelashwa njengoba umzimba wakho uzijwayeza umuthi. Futhi, uchwepheshe wezempilo angakwazi ukukutshela ngezindlela zokuvikela noma ukunciphisa eminye yale miphumela engathandeki. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo uma noma yimiphi yale miphumela engathandeki elandelayo iqhubeka noma iyakhathaza noma uma unemibuzo ngayo:\n\nOkujwayelekile kakhulu\nUbuhlungu bemuva\nUbuhlungu bamathambo\nUkushisa okusheshayo (ukujuluka okusheshayo nokuzwa ukushisa)\nUbuhlungu bamalunga\nUbuhlungu wezicubu\n\nOkungajwayelekile\nUkwesaba\nUkudideka\nUkuqinisa isisu\nIsihudo\nUmlomo owomile\nUbuhlungu bekhanda\nUkwenyuka kokoma\nUkulahlekelwa yinkanuko yokudla noma ukwehla kwesisindo\nUkunambitha okufana nensimbi\nUkuqubuka noma ukwenyanya kwesikhumba\nUkulala\nUkuzizwa uzungeza noma ujikeleza okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana\nUbuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini\nUkungalali kahle\nUkuphalaza\nUkuba buthakathaka\n\nUkwenzeka okungakaziwa\nUkunambitha okubi, okungajwayelekile, noma okungathandeki (emva) nokomelela\nUkukhohlwa\nUkushintsha kokunambitha\nUkoma kwesikhumba\nUkuwa kwezinwele\nAmaqhuqhuva noma amaqhubukwana\nUkwenyuka kwenkanuko yokudla\nUkucasuka\nUkuphazamiseka\nAmehlo abomvu, abuhlungu\nUkubomva kwesikhumba\nUkuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala komlomo\n\nEminye imiphumela engathandeki engabhalwanga lapha ingenzeka nakwabanye iziguli. Uma ubona noma yimiphi eminye imiphumela, xhumana nochwepheshe wakho wezempilo. Shayela udokotela wakho ukuze uthole izeluleko zokwelapha mayelana nemiphumela engathandeki. Ungabika imiphumela engathandeki kwi-FDA kwinombolo ethi 1-800-FDA-1088 (le nombolo isebenza e-United States kuphela)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-110", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yimiphi imithi kanye nokudla okunganikezwa isiguli se-ALS ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukuphola kokuqhubeka kwesifo", "label": "Akukho ukwelapha okutholakele okwamanje kwe-ALS. Kodwa-ke, umuthi i-riluzole--owodwa umuthi ogunyaziwe yi-Food and Drug Administration (inhlangano yaselweni yaseMelika ephethe ukudla nemithi) ukwelapha i-ALS--wengeza impilo ngezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu kodwa awulungisi izimpawu. I-FDA iphinde yagunyaza i-NeuRx Diaphragm Pacing System (uhlelo lokusiza ukuphefumula ngokusebenzisa ugesi), esebenzisa ama-electrodes afakiwe kanye nebhokisi lebhethri ukwenza i-diaphragm (umsipha wokuphefumula) ukhwehle, ukusiza abanye abantu abane-ALS kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngenzuzo evamile yezinyanga eziyi-16 ngaphambi kokuqala kokwehluleka okukhulu kwemithambo yokuphefumula. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zenzelwe ukunqanda izimpawu nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo labantu abane-ALS. Imithi iyatholakala ukusiza abantu abane-spasticity (ukuqina okungalawuleki kwemisipha), ubuhlungu, ukwethuka okusheshayo, kanye nokudumala. Ukwelashwa ngokwenyama (physiotherapy), ukwelashwa kwezomsebenzi, kanye nokuvuselela kungasiza ukuvimbela ukunganyakazi kwamalunga nokunciphisa ukubuthaka kwemisipha nokunciphe kwayo. Abantu abane-ALS bangagcina becabanga ngezinhlobo zokwelapha ngomshini wokuphefumula (ama-respirator okusiza ukuphefumula)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-111", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe i-macular degeneration kwelinye ilihlo kuphela ingabangela isiyezi?", "label": "Ukuzizwa unesiyezi (isiZulu: ukuba nesiyezi) kwenzeka uma ubuchopho bakho bungatholi igazi elanele. Lokhu kungenzeka uma:\n- Unokwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi.\n- Umzimba wakho ungenayo amanzi anele (womile) ngenxa yokuphalaza, uhudo, umkhuhlane, nezinye izimo.\n- Usukuma ngokushesha kakhulu emva kokuhlala noma ukulala phansi (lokhu kujwayeleke kakhulu kubantu abadala).\n\nUkuzizwa unesiyezi kungenzeka futhi uma unomkhuhlane, igazi lakho lineshukela eliphansi, unesikhwenkhwe, noma ama-aloji. Izimo ezinzima kakhulu ezingaholela ekuzizweni unesiyezi zibandakanya:\n- Izinkinga zenhliziyo, njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile\n- Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni (i-stroke)\n- Ukopha ngaphakathi komzimba\n- Ukwehla okusheshayo kwengcindezi yegazi okubucayi (i-shock)\n\nUma kunoma yiziphi kulezi zimo ezinzima, ujwayele ukuba nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuzwa inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, ukulahlekelwa yinkulumo, ukushintsha kokubona, noma ezinye izimpawu ezibucayi.\n\nI-vertigo (ukuzizwa uzungezwa yizinto) ingabangelwa:\n- I-benign positional vertigo (ukuzizwa uzungeza okuhambisana nokunyakaza kwekhanda)\n- I-labyrinthitis (ukuvuvukala kwendlebe yangaphakathi ngenxa yegciwane), okujwayele ukwenzeka emva kwesikhwenkhwe noma umkhuhlane\n- Isifo sikaMeniere (inkinga ejwayelekile yendlebe yangaphakathi eholela ekuzizweni uzungezwa)\n\nEzinye izizathu zokuzizwa unesiyezi noma i-vertigo zingabandakanya:\n- Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile\n- Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni (i-stroke)\n- I-multiple sclerosis (isifo esiphazamisa ukusebenza kwemizwa)\n- Ukuqhuma kwezindlala\n- Isibhoko sobuchopho\n- Ukopha ebuchosheni"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-112", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibe nohudo olubi kakhulu ngempelasonto, ngase ngicabanga ngendlela umama wami ayesebenzisa ngayo umuthi wepaRegoric. Ngaya esitolo semithi ukuyothenga, kodwa wathi abasayithengisi nhlobo. NGICELA USIZO!", "label": "Emacaleni amaningi oshudugeki, ukwelashwa okudingekayo kuphela ukubuyisela amanzi nama-electrolyte alahlekile ukuvikela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela njenge-loperamide (Imodium) ne-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol neKaopectate) ingasiza ukumisa ushudugeki kubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanobudayela obunegazi—uphawu lokutheleleka ngamagciwane abaktheria noma izibungu—akufanele basebenzise le mithi. Uma ushudugeki ubangelwa amagciwane noma izibungu, imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela ingaqhubezela inkinga, ngakho-ke odokotela bajwayele ukunikeza ama-antibiotics esikhundleni sayo. Imithi yokwelapha ushudugeki kubantu abadala ingaba yingozi ezinsaneni nasezinganeni futhi kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngokuqondiswa ngudokotela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-113", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingangena yini ebhavini, echwebeni noma ngigeze ngigqoke iplasta elinolidocaine? Uma kungenjalo, ngingalisusa yini iplasta (amabili noma amathathu), bese ngifaka elisha endaweni ehlukile ngesikhathi esisele sehora ezingu-12 \"sokusetshenziswa\"?", "label": "I-Lidocaine iza njengephalasti (iphalasthi) elibhekwa esikhumbaneni. Lisetshenziswa kanye ngosuku kuphela uma kudingeka kwehlise ubuhlungu. Landela imiyalelo etholakala kwilabeli yomuthi wakho ngokucophelela, futhi ucele udokotela wakho noma umkhiqizi wemithi ukuthi achaze noma yiliphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Sebenzisa amaphalasti e-lidocaine ngendlela eshiwo ngqo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungasebenzisa amaphalasti amangaki e-lidocaine ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuthi ungawagcina isikhathi esingakanani. Ungafaki amaphalasti angaphezu kwesithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ungawagcini amaphalasti isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-12 ngosuku. Ukusebenzisa amaphalasti amaningi kakhulu noma ukuwagcina isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabanga imiphumela emibi. Ukufaka amaphalasti, landela lezi zinyathelo: Buka isikhumba ozofaka kuso iphalasti le-lidocaine. Uma isikhumba siqhephuke, sinezilonda noma sivuvukele, ungafaki iphalasti kuleso ndawo. Sebenzisa isikelo ukususa isivalo sangaphandle esipaketheni. Bese uvula isivalo esivalekayo. Khipha amaphalasti afinyelela kwesithathu epaketheni bese uvala kahle isivalo esivalekayo. Amaphalasti asele angoma uma isivalo esivalekayo singavalwanga ngokugcwele. Sika amaphalasti ukuze alingane nendawo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Khipha iphepha elingemuva elikhanyayo kwephalasti. Cindezela iphalasti ngokuqinile esikhumbaneni sakho. Uma ufaka iphalasti ebusweni bakho, qaphela ukuthi lingathinti amehlo akho. Uma uthola i-lidocaine ehlela emehlweni akho, wageze ngamanzi amaningi noma ngesiluphambana samanzi nesawoti. Geza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuphatha amaphalasti e-lidocaine. Ungaphindi usebenzise amaphalasti e-lidocaine. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa iphalasti, likhiphe bese ulilahlela kude nezingane nezilwane zasekhaya. Amaphalasti asetshenziswayo anomuthi owanele ukuba ungalimaza kakhulu ingane noma isilwane sasekhaya - qaphela kakhulu!"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-114", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ulwazi ngalomuthi - BUPROPION 100MG, nokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela engemihle yalomuthi.", "label": "Ulwazi olufakwe ngaphansi kwesigatshana sezinga lokwenzeka ezillingweni ezilawulwayo se-IMIPHUMELA EMIBI lusekelwe ikakhulukazi kudatha evela kukulingwa okuhleliwe kwezokwelapha ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) (amaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride akhululwa kancane). Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemiphumela emibi ehambisana nesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane ezillingweni zokuyeka ukubhema, kanye nesakhiwo sika-bupropion esisheshe sikhululwe, sifakwe esigabeni esahlukile (bheka IMIPHUMELA EMIBI, Eminye Imiphumela Eboniwe Ngesikhathi Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha kanye Nolwazi Olutholakale Emva Kokukhishwa Kwezimakethe ze-Bupropion).\n\nIzinga Lokwenzeka Ezillingweni Ezilawulwayo Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)\n\nImiphumela Emibi Ehambisana Nokuyeka Ukwelashwa Phakathi Kweziguli Ezilashwa Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)\n\nEzillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo, iziguli eziyisishiyagalolunye ekhulwini kanye neziyishumi nanye ekhulwini ezilashwa nge-300 mg/usuku kanye ne-400 mg/usuku, ngokulandelana, yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezine ekhulwini zeziguli ezilashwa ngeplasebo zayeka ukwelashwa ngenxa yemiphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi ethile kulezi zilingo eyaholela ekuyekeni okungenani ezigulini eziyisikhombisa ekhulwini ezilashwa noma nge-300 mg/usuku noma nge-400 mg/usuku yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezinga elingaphezu kwesibili leplasebo ibhalwe kuThebula lesine.\n\nImiphumela Emibi Evela Ngezinga Eliyisikhombisa Ekhulwini Noma Ngaphezulu Phakathi Kweziguli Ezilashwa Ngamaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR)\n\nIThebula lesihlanu libala imiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa eyenzeka phakathi kweziguli ezilashwa nge-300 mg/usuku kanye ne-400 mg/usuku yamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye neplasebo ezillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo. Imiphumela eyenzeka noma eqenjini le-300-mg/usuku noma le-400-mg/usuku ngezinga eliyisikhombisa ekhulwini noma ngaphezulu futhi eyayivame kakhulu kunasesigabeni seplasebo ifakiwe. Imiphumela emibi ebikwayo yahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa isichazamazwi esisekelwe ku-COSTART (uhlu lwezigaba zokuhlelwa kwemiphumela emibi).\n\nIzilinganiso eziqondile zezinga lemiphumela emibi ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwanoma yimuphi umuthi kunzima ukuyithola. Izilinganiso zithintwa yidozi yomuthi, indlela yokubona, indawo, izinqumo zezokwelapha, nokunye. Izibalo ezicashunwe azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ukubikezela ngokuqondile izinga lemiphumela engalindelekile ekuhambeni kwenkambiso ejwayelekile yezokwelapha lapho izici zesiguli nezinye izinto zihluke kulezo ezazizinzile ezillingweni zezokwelapha. Lezi zibalo zezinga futhi azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nalezo ezitholakale kwezinye izifundo zezokwelapha ezibandakanya imikhiqizo yemithi ehlobene njengoba iqembu ngalinye lezilingo zemithi lenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.\n\nOkokugcina, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi lolu hlu alubonisi ubunzima obuhlobene kanye/noma ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha kwemiphumela. Umbono ongcono wemiphumela emibi enzima ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) unikezwe ezigabeni zama-IZEXWAYISO nama-IZIQAPHELO.\n\nIzinga Lemiphumela Emibi Evame Ukubonwa Ezillingweni Ezilawulwayo Zezokwelapha\n\nImiphumela emibi evela kuThebula lesihlanu eyenzeka okungenani ezigulini ezinhlanu ekhulwini ezilashwa ngamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) kanye nezinga elingaphezu kwesibili leplasebo ibhalwe ngezansi yamaqembu edozi ye-300-mg/usuku kanye ne-400-mg/usuku.\n\nAmaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) 300 mg/usuku: Ukungadli, umlomo owomile, ukuqubuka, ukujuluka, umsindo ezindlebeni kanye nokuthuthumela.\n\nAmaphilisi e-Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-Release (SR) 400 mg/usuku: Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphaphazela, ukwesaba, isiyezi, umlomo owomile, ukungalali, ubuhlungu bezicubu, isicabucabu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla, ukuvuvukala komphimbo, ukujuluka, umsindo ezindlebeni kanye nokuchama njalo.\n\nEminye Imiphumela Eboniwe Ngesikhathi Sokuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha kanye Nolwazi Olutholakale Emva Kokukhishwa Kwezimakethe ze-Bupropion\n\nNgaphezu kwemiphumela emibi eshiwo ngenhla, le miphumela elandelayo ibikwe ezillingweni zezokwelapha kanye nolwazi olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR) ezigulini ezinokudangala kanye nababhemi abangenakho ukudangala, kanye nasezillingweni zezokwelapha kanye nolwazi lwezokwelapha olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esisheshe sikhululwe.\n\nImiphumela emibi okuthi izinga layo linikezwe ngezansi yenzeka ezillingweni zezokwelapha ngesakhiwo sika-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR). Amazinga amele isabelo seziguli ezaba nemiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okungenani kanye ezillingweni ezilawulwa ngeplasebo zokudangala (iziguli ezingama-987) noma ukuyeka ukubhema (iziguli eziyinkulungwane namashumi amabili nantathu) noma iziguli ezaba nomthelela omubi odinga ukuyeka ukwelashwa esifundweni sokuqapha esivulekile ngamaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) (iziguli ezinkulungwane ezintathu nekhulu). Yonke imiphumela emibi evela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ifakiwe ngaphandle kwalowo obhalwe kumaThebula amabili kuya kwamahlanu, leyo miphumela ebhalwe kwezinye izigaba eziphathelene nokuphepha, leyo miphumela emibi engaphansi kwemigomo ye-COSTART eyinhloko kakhulu noma eqondile kakhulu ngendlela yokuthi ayinalo ulwazi, leyo miphumela engahlobene ngokufanele nokusetshenziswa komuthi kanye naleyo miphumela eyayingenzeki kakhulu futhi yenzeka ezigulini ezingaphansi kwezimbili. Imiphumela ebalulekile kakhulu ngokwezokwelapha ichazwe ezigabeni zama-IZEXWAYISO nama-IZIQAPHELO zelebuli.\n\nImiphumela ihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba zomzimba futhi ibhalwe ngokulandelana kokwehla kwezinga ngokwezincazelo zokuvama ezilandelayo: Imiphumela emibi evamile ichazwa njengaleyo eyenzeka okungenani kuyisiguli esisodwa kweziyikhulu. Imiphumela emibi engavamile yileyo eyenzeka kuyisiguli esisodwa kweziyikhulu kuya kwesisodwa kweziyinkulungwane yeziguli, kanti imiphumela eyingcosana yileyo eyenzeka kwezingaphansi kwesisodwa kweziyinkulungwane yeziguli.\n\nImiphumela emibi okuthi amazinga ayo anganikezwanga yenzeka ezillingweni zezokwelapha noma olwazini olutholakale emva kokukhishwa kwezimakethe ze-bupropion. Kufakwe kuphela leyo miphumela emibi engabhalwanga ngaphambili ye-bupropion esikhululwa kancane (SR). Izinga lokuthi le miphumela ingahlobana kanjani namaphilisi e-bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (SR) alwaziwa.\n\nUmzimba (Jikelele): Okungavamile kwakungamaqhuqhuva, ukuvuvuka kobuso, ubuhlungu besifuba sezicubu zomzimba kanye nokukhathazeka yimisebe yelanga. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuphela amandla. Kuphinde kwabonakala ubuhlungu bamalunga, ubuhlungu bezicubu kanye nomkhuhlane onombala kanye nezinye izimpawu ezisho ukuzwela okuhleliwe. Lezi zimpawu zingafana nesifo segazi (bheka IZIQAPHELO).\n\nInhliziyo Nemithambo: Okungavamile kwakuwukwehla kwegazi uma umile, ukushaywa yistrokhi, ukushaya kakhulu kwenhliziyo kanye nokuvuleka kwemithambo. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuphelelwa ngamandla. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuvimba okuphelele kwe-atrioventricular, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukwehla kwegazi, ukwenyuka kwegazi (kwezinye izimo kubi kakhulu, bheka IZIQAPHELO), ukufa kwengxenye yenhliziyo, ukuvuvuka kwemithambo kanye nokuvimba kwemithambo yegazi ephashini.\n\nUkugaya: Okungavamile kwakuwukusebenza okungajwayelekile kwesibindi, ukugedla amazinyo ngesikhathi ulele, ukubuya kwesisu, ukuvuvuka kwezinsini, ukuvuvuka kolimi, ukwanda kwamathe, i-jaundice, izilonda zomlomo, ukuvuvuka komlomo kanye nokoma. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuvuvuka kolimi. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuvuvuka kwamathunjana amancane, ukuvuvuka kwesiphundu, ukopha kwesisu, ukopha kwezinsini, ukuvuvuka kwesibindi, ukubhodloka kwemithambo yesisu, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukuvuvuka kwenkaba kanye nesilonda sesisu.\n\nIzindlala: Kuphinde kwabonakala ukwenyuka kwezinga likashukela, ukwehla kwezinga likashukela kanye nenkinga yehomoni engafanele ye-antidiuretic.\n\nIgazi Namalunga Omzimba: Okungavamile kwakuwukuba nombala obomvu ngenxa yokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukwehla kwegazi elibomvu, ukwanda kwamasosha omzimba, ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba, ukuvuvuka kwamadlala, ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba wonke kanye nokwehla kwamapuleti egazi. Ukushintsha kwesikhathi sokubamba kwegazi kanye/noma izinga lokuhlangana kwegazi, okungavamile okuhambisana nokukopha noma izinkinga zokuvimba kwegazi, kwabonakala lapho i-bupropion iphiwa kanye nemithi yokunciphisa ukubamba kwegazi.\n\nUkushintsha Kwezakhi Zomzimba Nokondla: Okungavamile kwakuwukuvuvuka kanye nokuvuvuka kwemilenze. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuba noshukela emchamo.\n\nIzicubu Namathambo: Okungavamile kwakuwukuhlangana kwemilenze. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuqina kwezicubu/umkhuhlane/ukufa kwezicubu kanye nobuthakathaka bezicubu.\n\nUhlelo Lwemizwa: Okungavamile kwakuwukungahambisani okungajwayelekile, ukwehla kocansi, ukungaboni ubuwena, ukuzizwa kabi, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, inzondo, ukushukuma ngokweqile, ukuqina kakhulu kwezicubu, ukwehla kwemizwa, imicabango yokuzibulala kanye nokuzizwa ujikelezwa yikhanda. Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, ukungakholwa yizimo eziyiqiniso kanye nokuzizwa ujabule kakhulu ngokweqile. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yobuchopho okungajwayelekile, ukwehluleka ukushukuma, ukuhlasela, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, ukoma, ukuzibulala okuphelele, ukudideka, ukukhohliseka, ukungakhulumi kahle, ukushukuma okungalawuleki, ukuqina okungajwayelekile kwezicubu, ukuzizwa ujabule kakhulu, izimpawu ezingajwayelekile zokushukuma, ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukwehluleka ukushukuma, ukwenyuka kocansi, ukuphenduka ngokwengqondo, ubuhlungu bemizwa, ukugula kwemizwa, imicabango yokusola, ukungahlali ndawonye, ukuzama ukuzibulala kanye nokuvela kokushukuma okungalawuleki.\n\nUkuphefumula: Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuhefuzela. Kuphinde kwabonakala isifo samaphaphu.\n\nIsikhumba: Okungajwayelekile kwakuwukuqubuka okubomvu. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuwa kwezinwele, ukuvuvuka kwesikhumba, ukubhibha kwesikhumba kanye nokumila kwezinwele ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile.\n\nImizwa Ekhethekile: Okungavamile kwakuwukungalungisi kahle nokoma kwamehlo. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukungezwa, ukubona okubili, ukwenyuka kwengcindezi yeso kanye nokuvuleka kakhulu kwamehlo.\n\nIzitho Zangasese: Okungavamile kwakuwukungakwazi ukuvuka kwesitho sowesilisa, ukuchama okuningi kanye nenkinga yesitho sangasese sowesilisa. Kuphinde kwabonakala ukuphuma kwembewu okungajwayelekile, ukuvuvuka kwesidleke somchamo, ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi, ubuhlungu uma uchama, ukukhula kwamabele kubesilisa, ukuphela kwesikhathi sokuyakwenyanga, ukuvuka kwesitho sowesilisa okubuhlungu, ukuvuvuka kwesibeletho, ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo, ukubambeka komchamo kanye nokuvuvuka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-115", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginomlando wezilopu zepeptic, ngakho-ke angithathi i-aspirin noma yini equkethe yona. Nokho, ngisezwa ubuhlungu obubangelwa izilopu uma ngithatha i-Tylenol, ikakhulukazi ngosuku lwesibili lokuyisebenzisa ngezinga elinqunyiwe. Yingani kunjalo?", "label": "Isexwayiso ngesibindi (liver warning): Lo mkhiqizo uqukethe i-acetaminophen (paracetamol). Umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi ungenzeka uma:\n• umuntu omdala ethatha amaphilisi angaphezu kwe-12 emahoreni angu-24, okuyinani eliphezulu ngosuku\n• ingane ithatha amadozi angaphezu kuka-5 emahoreni angu-24, okuyinani eliphezulu ngosuku\n• uthathwa nezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-acetaminophen\n• umuntu omdala uphuza iziphuzo okungenani ezintathu ezidakayo nsuku zonke ngenkathi esebenzisa lo mkhiqizo.\n\nUngasebenzisi:\n• nanoma yimuphi omunye umuthi oqukethe i-acetaminophen (owokwelashwa noma ongenawo). Uma ungaqinisekile ukuthi umuthi uqukethe i-acetaminophen, buza udokotela noma usokhemisi.\n• uma unokuzwela ku-acetaminophen noma nayiphi inhlanganisela engasebenzi kulo mkhiqizo\n\nYeka ukusebenzisa bese ucela udokotela uma:\n• ubuhlungu buya bubi noma buqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kubantu abadala\n• ubuhlungu buya bubi noma buqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5 ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12\n• umkhuhlane uya uba mubi noma uqhubeka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu\n• kuvela izimpawu ezintsha\n• kubonakala ukubomvu noma ukuvuvukala\n\nLezi zingaba yizimpawu zesimo esibucayi kakhulu.\n\nUma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, buza uchwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.\n\nGcina kude nezingane.\n\nBuza udokotela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uma umsebenzisi enesifo sesibindi.\n\nBuza udokotela noma usokhemisi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uma umsebenzisi ethatha umuthi wokunciphisa igazi (blood thinning drug) i-warfarin."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-116", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Eminyakeni engu-12 edlule, ngilumwe isikhunta ngenkathi ngizingela impofu. Indawo engilumeke kuyo yayinendilinga njengoba kuchazwe ezimpawini zesifo se-Lyme (isifo esibangwa ukululumwa yisikhunta). Ngelashwa ngama-antibiotics; kodwa-ke, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi nginezimpawu eziningi ezishiwo zesifo se-Lyme. Futhi, ngokuvamile ngaphambi, nangesikhathi salezi zimpawu, kuvela isicubu esibomvu-nsomi endaweni engilumeke kuyo emsimelweni. Ngicela ungichazele kabanzi ngesimo sami sempilo?", "label": "Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sika-Lyme kusetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi umuntu onezimpawu ezithile usuke esuleleke yi-Borrelia burgdorferi. Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kunokutheleleka okusanda kwenzeka, angase ayalele kokubili ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-IgM (i-antibody ethile) ne-IgG (enye i-antibody). Uma lokhu kungenayo imiphumela kodwa izimpawu ziqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kungase kuphindwe emva kwamaviki ambalwa... Isifo sika-Lyme singaba lukhuni ukusithola noma ukusiqinisekisa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-117", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe ama-schwannoma (izimila ezithile emzimbeni) amakhulu, angakwazi ukuhlinzwa angalashwa noma angancishiswa ngokusebenzisa i-chemotherapy noma umshini wokukhanya?", "label": "Yelashwa kanjani i-vestibular schwannoma (isimila esikhula endlebeni yangaphakathi)? Njengoba isimila sikhula sikhulu, ukususwa kwaso ngokoqhuba kuba nzima kakhulu ngoba isimila singabe sesilimaze imizwa elawula ukunyakaza kobuso, ukuzwa, nokulinganisa umzimba futhi singabe sesihlasele nezinye izinzwa nezakhiwo zengqondo. Ukususwa kwezimila ezithinta ukuzwa, ukulinganisa umzimba, noma imizwa yobuso kungenza izimpawu zesiguli zibe zimbi kakhulu ngoba izingxenye zalezi zinzwa nazo zingadingeka ukuba zisuswe nesimila. Njengendlela ehlukile kuzindlela zokuhlinza ezijwayelekile, ukuhlinza ngokusetshenziswa kokukhanya (okusho ukuthi, ukwelashwa ngokukhanya—i-\"gamma isibhamu\" noma umshini we-LINAC) kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa usayizi noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwesimila."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-118", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ebusuku, ngiba nokuzwela okubi kakhulu kwesikhumba ezinyaweni. Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa yinoma yimiphi imithi engiyinikiwe?", "label": "Isifinyezo: Ukuluma kuwukuzwakala noma ukuhlukumezeka kwesikhumba okukwenza ufune ukuwenqena indawo elumayo. Kuyisimpawu sezimo eziningi zempilo. Imbangela ejwayelekile yilezi:\n\n• Ukuphenduka kwesikhumba emithini ethile\n• I-eczema (isifo sesikhumba esibangela ukuluma)\n• Isikhumba esomile\n• Ukulunywa nokulonywa yizinambuzane\n• Amakhemikhali ahlukumezayo\n• Izibungu ezifana nama-pinworms, iscabies, izintwala zekhanda nomzimba\n• Ukukhulelwa\n• Amaqhuqhuva\n• Imiphumela emibi yemithi"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-119", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "I-bleach eziloveni zokucambalala? Yebo noma cha? Lapha kufakwa amanzi nendwangu?\n\n(Qaphela: Ukusebenzisa i-bleach eziloveni zokucambalala kungaba yingozi. Sicela uxhumane nochwepheshe wezempilo ngokushesha.)", "label": "Manje ososayensi eStanford University School of Medicine, eCalifornia, bacabanga ukuthi ingase ibe nezinye izindlela zokusebenza kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukwelapha isikhumba esonakele ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza, amanxeba okubangwa ukulala isikhathi eside kanye namanxeba esifo sikashukela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-120", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe ukuvimbela inzalo okubizwa nge-Ocella kungabanga i-DVT (ukuvimba kwegazi emithanjeni emakhulu)? Indodakazi yami izwa ubuhlungu obufana nokuqaqamba nokuhlabahlaba, ukubomba nokuvuvukala emathangeni ayo. Futhi, iba namahluli amakhulu kakhulu egazi ngesikhathi sokuya enyangeni ngemuva kokuba yayinikiwe i-Ocella ukuvimbela inzalo. Lezi zimpawu zaba zimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokuba esebelethile. Lokhu sekwenzeka unyaka manje. Ingabe kufanele axoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakhe khona manje, ngokushesha okukhulu?", "label": "Ulwazi lwesiguli: Ukuqumba kwemithambo ejulile (DVT) (Ngaphezu Kwezisekelo)\n\nIzimo zokwelapha noma imishanguzo — Ezinye izimo zokwelapha nemishanguzo zandisa amathuba omuntu okuthola igazi eliqumbile:\n\n● Ukukhulelwa\n● Ukukhuluphala\n● Ukubhema\n● Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo\n● I-DVT noma i-PE (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yemiphefumulo) yangaphambilini\n● Ubudala obandayo\n● Umdlavuza — Eminye imihlaza yandisa izinto egazini ezibangela ukuba igazi liqumbe.\n● Izinkinga zezinso, njenge-nephrotic syndrome (isifo sezinso esibangela ukuvuza kweprotheni) (bheka \"Ulwazi lwesiguli: I-nephrotic syndrome (Ngaphezu Kwezisekelo)\")\n● Eminye imishanguzo (isibonelo: amaphilisi okuvimba inzalo, ukwelashwa ngokufakwa kwamahomoni okumela lawo angasekho emzimbeni, i-erythropoietin (umuthi wokwandisa amasosha abomvu egazini), i-tamoxifen (umuthi womdlavuza webele), i-thalidomide (umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza)).\n\nUbungozi begazi eliqumbile buphinda bande kubantu abasebenzisa omunye wale mishanguzo, futhi baphinde babheme noma bakhuluphale."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-121", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe i-abscess emazinyweni ingabangela ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo (i-heart attack) yini?", "label": "Izimpawu ezingavela ngenxa yesilonda sezinyo\n\nUma singalashwa, isifo sesilonda sezinyo esithuthukile singagubha umhlathi, okungaholela ekulahlekeni kwamazinyo kanye nokushintsha isimo sobuso ngenxa yamathambo obuso athambile nabuthakathaka. Lokhu kungakubeka engcupheni enkulu yezinye izinkinga zomzimba wonke njengokunyuka kweshukela, ukutheleleka kwegazi (i-septicaemia), izinkinga zokuphefumula, isifo senhliziyo kanye nokutheleleka kwemithambo yegazi nezihambi zegazi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-122", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe i-macular degeneration kwelinye ilihlo kuphela ingabangela isiyezi?", "label": "Ukungaqiniseki Ukungaqiniseki noma ukulahlekelwa uvimbo uma ume noma uhamba kuvame ukuzwakala kanye nesicanucanu nezinye izinhlobo zokuzungelezwa. Imbangela ihlanganisa:\n\n• Izinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi. Lokhu kungadala imizwa yokuba sengathi uyantanta noma ukungaqiniseki, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni.\n\n• Izinkinga zokubona. I-cataract, i-macular degeneration, i-glaucoma kanye nokuba buthaka kwamandla okubona (ukwehla kwamandla okubona) kuyizinto ezingabangela ukungaqiniseki."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-123", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe izingane ezisencane ezindadlana zingaba ne-jaundice? Yibuphi ubudala obungaba khona?", "label": "Izingane eziningi ezinempilo ziba nomzimba ophuzi (i-jaundice) ngezinsuku zeviki lokuqala zizalwa. Ngokujwayelekile kuyazicisha. Kodwa-ke, ukuba phuzi kungenzeka nganoma yiliphi ibanga lempilo futhi kungaba uphawu lwenkinga. Ukuba phuzi kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, njengokuthi..."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-124", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona Dokotela\n\nNgingowesilisa oneminyaka engu-39, futhi ngibhekene nenkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kwezobulili. Ukuvuka kwesitho sangasese kuhle, kodwa uma sesivukile, emva kwemizuzwana embalwa siyehla sibe njengento engaphili. Ngizwa sengathi sesinciphile isayizi saso. Ngikhathazekile. Ngicela ungeluleke ngomuthi walesi sifo, ngizokubonga kakhulu.\n\nEnkosi\nOzithobayo\nFaisal Ramzan\nDubai, United Arab Emirates", "label": "UKWELAPHA UKUNGASEBENZI KAHLE KOCANSI KWABESILISA • Mayelana nezimbangela zengqondo zokungasebenzi kahle kocansi, njengezinkinga zobudlelwano, ukwelulekwa, noma ngamunye noma njengabantu ababili, kungasiza. Ukwelashwa kocansi ngomeluleki oqeqeshelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi kungasiza futhi. • Isifo sokudumala noma izinkinga zokwesaba okweqile kungadinga ukwelashwa. • Noma yiziphi izinkinga zomzimba ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kocansi kufanele zilungiswe. • Uma umuthi uphazamisa ukusebenza kocansi, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokushintsha noma ukuyeka umuthi. • Imithi yokuhlela engalapha ukungaqini kwesitho sowesilisa (i-erectile dysfunction) ingasiza indoda ukuthi iqinise futhi igcine isitho sowesilisa siqinile. • Ukwelashwa ngamahomoni, njengokufakwa kwe-testosterone (ihomoni yesilisa), kungasiza ngokungalingani kwamahomoni okubanga ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-125", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mnumzane Othandekayo,\n\nIndodakazi yami eneminyaka emi-4 izalwe inenkinga enzima yokungezwa ngezindlebe zombili. Siyinikeza ukuzama njalo izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma nolimi. Ayikhombisi ukusabela. UDokotela usiphakamisele ukufakelwa isixhasi sokuzwa esifakwa ngaphakathi endlebeni (i-cochlear implant). Ngicela unginike iseluleko.", "label": "Izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangaba ngabafanele ukuba nemishini yokuzwa ecoshwe endlebeni. Abantu abafanele le mishini bangase bazalwe beyizithulu noma babe yizithulu emva kokufunda ukukhuluma. Izingane ezincane kuneminyaka eyodwa manje ziyafaneleka ukuba zithole lobu buthi bokuhlinzwa. Yize izimiso zingafani kancane kubantu abadala nezingane, zisekelwe emithethweni efanayo: Umuntu kumele abe yisithulu ngokuphelele noma cishe ngokuphelele ezindlebeni zombili ngokuphelele, futhi bangatholi cishe lutho ngokuthuthuka ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa. Noma ubani okwazi ukuzwa kahle ngokwanele ngezinsiza zokuzwa akafanelekile ukuba nemishini yokuzwa ecoshwe endlebeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-126", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mnumzane/Nkosazana othandekayo,\n\nNgibhala kuwe egameni likaNkosikazi Saavedra, onengcindezi enkulu futhi enemicabango eminingi, efuna USIZO ngendodakazi yakhe uMariagracia. UMariagracia unesifo senhliziyo esibucayi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Tetralogy of Fallot (isifo esibandakanya izinkinga ezine enhliziyweni), uneminyaka ecishe ibe yisikhombisa ubudala futhi umndeni wakhe awunayo imali yokumbhekela ukuze athole ukwelashwa okufanele. UNkosikazi Saavedra uhola imali encane kakhulu, uhlala endlini eqashiwe nomyeni wakhe nezingane zakhe ezimbili, eLima - Peru. Usebenza esibhedlela sikazwelonke iCayetano Heredia futhi ubelokhu ethatha indodakazi yakhe ayise esibhedlela sezingane eLima kodwa akakwazi ukukhokhela imithi nokwelashwa abakucelayo, ufuna usizo ngokushesha okukhulu ngendodakazi yakhe.\n\nBengimangala ukuthi ngabe nina ninalo yini oxhumana naye lapha eLima wenhlangano engasiza uNkosikazi Saavedra. Bengilokhu ngifuna kodwa angitholanga lutho noma abangiphendulanga uma ngibabuza. Uma ngabe niyazi nganoma iyiphi inhlangano engasiza lapha eLima Peru, ngingajabula kakhulu futhi singasiza ukunika uMariagracia impilo engcono :-)\n\nNgingumsebenzi wezempilo nokunakekelwa komphakathi (Health and Social Care Worker) futhi ngisebenza esibhedlela nabasebenzi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngesikhathi sakho\n\nKarina Montes\n\nkmontes44242@hotmail.com", "label": "Medlife USA: Ikheli le-imeyili: info@medlifeweb.org  Ucingo: (USA) 1-844-MEDLIFE 1-844-633-5433  Amahora ehhovisi: 9 Ekuseni - 5 Ntambama (isikhathi saseMelika esimaphakathi)  Ifekisi: 207-433-5304"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-127", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe unolwazi olwengeziwe ngaleso sibhuda esikhulonywe ngaso? Ingabe ukususwa kwaleso sibhuda esikhulonywe ngaso kuyinto enzima noma eyinkimbinkimbi?", "label": "Iyelashwa kanjani i-vestibular schwannoma (isimila esikhula esiphundu)?"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-128", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona Dkt. othandekayo, ngingumfundi wase-Afghanistan eNyuvesi yase-UKM eMalaysia. Amasilonda emlonyeni inkinga embi kakhulu empilweni yami, ngisho kathathu noma kane amasilonda akhula emlonyeni ngenyanga. Ngingakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza, kodwa noma ngilunakekela umlomo wami nsuku zonke. Ngakho ngifisa ukuthi ungicebise mayelana nokususa la masilonda unomphela. Ngiyabonga kakhulu.", "label": "Izilonda zomlomo azibosheleki. Zingenzeka uma unesifo segciwane. Zingaphinde zibangwe ukucindezeleka, ukungavumelani nokudla, ukuswela amavithamini nezakhamzimba, ukushintsha kwamahormone noma isikhathi sokuya enyangeni. Kwezinye izimo imbangela ayaziwa. Ezimweni eziningi, izilonda zomlomo ziyaziphola ngokwazo. Ezinye izigcobo, amakhilimu noma izigeziso zomlomo zingasiza ekwephuleni ubuhlungu. Ukugwema ukudla okushisayo nokushubile ngesikhathi unezilonda zomlomo nako kuyasiza."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-129", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, ngingathanda ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Familial Mediterranean Fever (isifo somndeni sasemazweni aseMediterranean) ngicela, njengoba umyeni wami ephathwa yilesi sifo. Ngiyabonga.", "label": "Yini ifamilial Mediterranean fever? Ifamilial Mediterranean fever yisifo esidluliselwa ngokuzalwa esichazwa ngokuvela kabusha kokuvuvukala okubuhlungu esiswini, esifubeni, noma emazombeni. Lezi zikhathi zivame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba noma ubuhlungu bekhanda. Ngesinye isikhathi ukuvuvukala kungenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengenhliziyo; isikhwama esizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla; nakubantu besilisa, amasende.\n\nCishe kungxenye yabantu abathintekile, ukuhlasela kuqalwa yizimpawu ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-prodrome (izimpawu ezandulela isifo). Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane endaweni ezovuvukala kamuva, noma imizwa ejwayelekile yokungaphatheki kahle.\n\nIsigameko sokuqala sokugula kwifamilial Mediterranean fever sivame ukwenzeka ebunganeni noma eminyakeni yobusha, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuhlasela kokuqala kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu empilweni. Ngokuvamile, izikhathi zithatha amahora angu-12 kuya ku-72 futhi zingahluka ngokubaluleka. Isikhathi phakathi kokuhlasela siyahluka futhi singasuka ezinsukwini kuya eminyakeni.\n\nNgalezi zikhathi, abantu abathintekile ngokuvamile abanazimpawu ezihlobene nalesi simo. Kodwa, uma kungalashwa ukuvimbela ukuhlasela nezinkinga, kungenzeka ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi eprotheni (i-amyloidosis - ukuqoqana kwamaphrotheni angenampilo) ezithweni nasemathishwini omzimba. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezinsweni, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwazo ukusebenza."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-130", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona, igama lami ngingu-Pa Xiong futhi ngingumfundi eSikoleni Esiphakeme sase-Grant lapha e-Sacramento. Ngibhala umbiko wocwaningo nge-SIDS (Ukufa Okungalindelekile Kwezinsana) futhi bengethemba ukuthi ungangisiza ngeminye imininingwane. Benginentshisekelo ikakhulukazi ekufundeni ukuthi ngabe abazali kufanele bakhathazeke ngokufa kwezingane emibhedeni yezinsana nokuthi ungangiqondisa kwimithombo ethile ngalokho, noma uze ungivumele ukukubuza imibuzo. Ngiyabonga ngesikhathi sakho. Uma unokuthile okunye okungangisiza, ngingakuthokozela kakhulu. Ungangithumelela i-imeyili ku-Pa_xiong25@yahoo.com noma ungithinte ngocingo lami ku-(916)297-1911. Ngiyabonga futhi. Ngiyathemba ukuzwa kuwe maduze.", "label": "Isifinyezo   I-Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) noma Isifo sokushona ngokuzuma kwengane ukufa okungalindelekile, okungachazekile komntwana ongaphansi konyaka ubudala. Abanye abantu babiza i-SIDS ngokuthi \"ukufa embhedeni wengane\" ngoba abantwana abaningi abafa ngenxa ye-SIDS batholakala emibhedeni yabo yezingane. I-SIDS iyimbangela enkulu yokufa kuzingane eziphakathi kwenyanga eyodwa nonyaka ubudala. Ukufa kwe-SIDS okuningi kwenzeka lapho abantwana bephakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili nezine ubudala. Abantwana abazalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abafana, abaMnyama baseAfrika, kanye nezingane zabaMelika abangama-Indian/Alaska Native banengozi enkulu ye-SIDS.  Yize ochwepheshe bezempilo bengazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-SIDS, bayazi izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi. Lezi zifaka:  - Ukubeka abantwana ngemhlane uma belala, ngisho nangezikhathi zokuphumula ezimfushane. \"Isikhathi sokudlala ngesisu phansi\" sifanele uma abantwana bevukile futhi kukhona obaqaphelayo.  - Ukusebenzisa indawo yokulala eqinile, njengomathilasi wesibungu onambeshelwe ngeshidi elinamathela.  - Ukugcina izinto ezithambile nezingubo kude nendawo yokulala.  - Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantwana abashisi kakhulu. Gcina igumbi likulona izinga lokushisa elifanele umuntu omdala.  - Ungabhemi nhlobo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma uvumele noma ubani ukuthi abheme eduze komntwana wakho."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-131", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi isizathu sokuthi isitho sami sangasese singakhulanga safika kubude obujwayelekile besitho sangasese samadoda kwakungenca ye-IHH? Futhi ngingaluthola kanjani ukwelashwa nge-hCG? Ngingayithola kuphi imijovo yalolu hlobo?", "label": "Ukwelashwa nge-hCG kwandisa izinga le-testosterone esegazini, ubude besitho sangasese, kanye nobukhulu noma isisindo samasende ezigulini ezine-IHH (isifo esibanga ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zokuzala). Imiphumela yethu iphakamisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-hCG kunomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezitho zokuzala kanye nokukhula kwesitho sangasese ezigulini ezine-IHH ezivela nomsindo omncane kakhulu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-132", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "SENGINESIFO SIKA-PARKINSON IMINYAKA EYISISHIYAGALOMBILI EDLULE. KUZE KUBE MANJE BEKUNGUKUZAMAZAMA OKUNCANE KWESANDLA SAMI SOKUDLA KUPHELA. MANJE SEKUYANDA KAKHULU. NGINEMINYAKA ENGU-84, FUTHI NGINESIFO SESIKHUMBA. NGIYESABA UKWANDISA UMTHAMO WEMITHI, NJENGOBA KUBONAKALA SENGATHI KUNGABA NOMTHELELA ESIFWENI SESIKHUMBA. NGICELA UNGELULEKE NGANOMA YIKUPHI UKUNAKEKELA OKUDINGEKAYO. NGINGABONGA KAKHULU NGESELULEKO SAKHO ESIHLE. NGIYABONGA.", "label": "Kufanele wazi ukuthi abantu abane-Parkinson's disease (isifo sokuqhaqhazela) banethuba elikhulu lokuba ne-melanoma (uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olubucayi) kunalabo abangenayo i-Parkinson's disease. Akwaziwa ukuthi leli thuba elikhulu libangelwa yi-Parkinson's disease, imithi esetshenziselwa i-Parkinson's disease njenge-rasagiline, noma ezinye izinto. Kufanele uvakashele udokotela wesikhumba (i-dermatologist) njalo ngenyanga noma njalo ngekota ukuze ahlole isikhumba sakho ngokwe-melanoma."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-133", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "BENGUMUNTU OPHUZA NGOKWEQILE IMINYAKA EMININGI FUTHI NGIBA NOBUNZIMA EKUHAMBENI FUTHI NGIPHUZA I-THIAMIN 100mg KANYE NE-VITAMIN B EHLANGANISIWE EQINILE KANYE NE-SENNA NGAKHO NGAPHANDLE KWALOKHU YINI ENYE ENGINGAYITHATHA ???", "label": "Noma kungaba nzima kangakanani inkinga, abantu abaningi abanenkinga yokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile (i-AUD) bangasizakala ngokuthola usizo. Ngeshwa, yingxenye encane kakhulu yabantu abangasizakala ngokwelashwa abathola usizo. Ngonyaka wezi-2012, isibonelo, abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyi-1,4 bathole usizo lwenkinga yokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile (i-AUD) ezikhungweni eziqeqeshiwe zokwelashwa izidakamizwa (okungamaphesenti angu-8,4 abantu abadala abadinga usizo). Lokhu kubandakanya abesifazane abayizi-416 000 (okungamaphesenti angu-7,3 abesifazane abadinga usizo) kanye nabesilisa abayizigidi eziyi-1,0 (okungamaphesenti angu-8,9 abesilisa abadinga usizo). Ekugcineni, ukuthola ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa amathuba omuntu ukuba aphumelele ekunqobeni inkinga yokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile (i-AUD). Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu, futhi bona \"Ukucabanga Kabusha Ngokuphuza\" (\"Rethinking Drinking\") kanye ne-\"Ukwelashwa Kwezinkinga Zotshwala: Ukuthola Nokuthola Usizo\" (\"Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help\") ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-134", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngilangazelela izici zofuzo ezicacile ezingase zithinte ubungozi bokuthola isifo somdlavuza wesikhumba kubantu abadala abanebala elimhlophe.", "label": "Isifo somdlavuza sivame ukubangelwa ukuxubana kwezinto ezisemoyeni kanye nezinto ezithathwa ngokuzalwa. Kumdlavuza wesikhumba, izinto ezisemoyeni zidlala indima enkulu. Kodwa abantu bangazalwa benokuthatha isifo somdlavuza noma ukubuthaka okubenza baluthole kalula.\n\nUbungozi bukhulu kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe esisheshe sibe namabala. Ngokuvamile labo abanezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe kanye namehlo aluhlaza noma amhlophe. Nakuba kunjalo, noma ubani angathola umdlavuza wesikhumba.\n\nUmdlavuza wesikhumba uhlobene nokuvela kakhulu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) ngempilo yonke. Ngakho-ke umdlavuza wesikhumba omningi uvela emva kweminyaka engama-50. Kodwa-ke, imithelela emibi yelanga iqala kusekwangeni.\n\nAbantu abahlala ezindaweni ezithola amazinga aphezulu emikhanya ye-UV evela elangeni banesiphukuphuku esiphezulu sokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba. Isibonelo, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu omdlavuza wesikhumba atholakala eNingizimu Afrika nase-Australia, izindawo ezithola amazinga aphezulu emikhanya ye-UV.\n\nCishe amaphesenti ayi-10 abo bonke iziguli ezine-melanoma (uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wesikhumba) zinamalungu omndeni aseke athola lesi sifo nabo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuguquka kwegene i-CDKN2 (igene elilawula ukukhula kwamaseli) ekromosomini 9 kudlala indima kule nhlobo ye-melanoma. Izifundo ziphinde zaveza amagene akromosomini 1 kanye ne-12 ezigameni ze-melanoma yomndeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-135", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna uhlobo lukadokotela ogxile ekwelapheni ukuqaqamba kwemisipha emilenzeni kubantu abadala. Ikakhulukazi, mhlawumbe lowo onikeza ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni. Yiluphi uhlobo lobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha olubizwa ngalo lolu?", "label": "Mayelana Nobuchwepheshe Bokwelapha Kwe-Osteopathic  Odokotela be-osteopathic, noma oDO (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine), bagunyazwe ngokugcwele ukuchaza imithi nokwenza zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha, kufaka phakathi nokuhlinza. Kodwa baphinde balethe okuthile okwengeziwe ekwelapheni. ODO bathola uqeqesho olukhethekile mayelana nohlelo lwezicubu namathambonami, okubahlinzeka ngolwazi olujulile nolunzulu. Lolu lwazi lubenza baqonde kahle izindlela ukugula noma ukulimala kwenye ingxenye yomzimba kungathinta enye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazi ukubona ukuthi lokhu kungenza umthelela kanjani kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-136", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ucwaningo noma uphenyo nge-IBS kanye nobudlelwano bayo ne-PTSD. Ngiyabonga", "label": "Isifinyezo\nI-Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) inkinga ethinta ikholo. Ingabangela ukucindezeleka kwesisu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokuguquka kwemikhuba yokuya ngaphandle. Abanye abantu abanalesi sifo baba nokubhinyeka. Abanye baba nohudo. Abanye baguquguquka phakathi kwalokhu kokubili. Yize i-IBS ingabangela ukungaphatheki kahle okukhulu, ayilimazi amathumbu. I-IBS ivame kakhulu. Ithinta abesifazane abaphindwe kabili kunamadoda futhi ivame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45. Akekho owaziyo imbangela eqondile ye-IBS. Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kwayo. Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo eminye imikhuba yokugula. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamanyathela, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nama-x-rays. Udokotela wakho angenza futhi ukuhlolwa okubizwa nge-sigmoidoscopy noma i-colonoscopy. Abantu abaningi abatholakale bene-IBS bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo ngokudla, ukulawula ingcindezi, izakhamzimba, kanye nemithi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-137", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibuza lokhu njengombuzo ojwayelekile. Ingabe umshini wokushaya kwenhliziyo ungasiza ukuvimbela lezi zinkwashu zomzimba?", "label": "Ukwelashwa\n\nInhloso yokwelashwa ukuqondisa ubuhlungu besifuba nokuvikela ukushaywa yinhliziyo. Umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-nitroglycerin (umuthi wokukhulula imithambo yegazi) ungasiza ukuqeda ubuhlungu. Udokotela wakho angakuchazela eminye imithi ukuvikela ubuhlungu besifuba. Ungadinga uhlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi i-calcium channel blocker (umuthi wokuvimba i-calcium) noma i-long-acting nitrate (umuthi wokukhulula imithambo yegazi ohlala isikhathi eside) isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho angachaza futhi i-short-acting nitrate (umuthi wokukhulula imithambo yegazi osheshe usebenze) ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi ubuhlungu besifuba. Ama-beta-blockers angolunye uhlobo lomuthi ongasetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, ama-beta-blockers angenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu, futhi angaba yingozi uma esetshenziswa ne-cocaine.\n\nUmphumela (Ukubikezela)\n\nUkuhlasela kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo kuyisifo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kujwayele ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu. Lesi simo singaba uphawu lokuthi usengozini enkulu yokushaywa yinhliziyo noma ukungahleli kahle kwenhliziyo okungaba yingozi yokufa (arrhythmias - ukungahambi kahle kwemijuzo yenhliziyo). Umphumela ujwayele ukuba muhle uma ulandela izincomo zokwelashwa zikadokotela wakho futhi ugwema izinto ezithile ezingabanga lesi simo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-138", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mina ngizwa ukuthamba emzimbeni kakhulu, ngakho kufanele ngenzeni?", "label": "Ukunakekelwa Ekhaya...Nini Lapho Kufanele Uthintane Nodokotela..."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-139", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngilimele eqakaleni lomlenze wami wangakwesobunxele cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu ezedlule. Ngaya kudokotela, ngathola i-x-ray, lapho kungafunyanwanga khona umonakalo. Wangiphakamisa ezinye izidambisi zezinhlungu futhi wangeluleka ukuthi ngigqoke isibopho seqakala. Bengilandela imiyalelo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi; Ngaya kudokotela omunye owangeluleka ukuthi ngiye kufiziyotherapy (i-Short Wave Diathermy) futhi wangeluleka ngezinye izivocavoco zokwelapha. Ngizilandelile nazo. Kodwa nokho manje, angikakapholi ngokugcwele ezinhlungwini. Ikakhulukazi uma ngizama ukuhamba ngokushesha noma ngizama ukucindezela ngomlenze wami wangakwesobunxele, ngizwa ubuhlungu. Ngiphatheke kabi kakhulu futhi ngikhathazekile ngalokhu. Ngicela ungiphakamise ukuthi ngingakwehlula kanjani ubuhlungu. Ngiyabonga.", "label": "Imithi ephuzwayo ngomlomo yama-anti-inflammatory, njengoba Ibuprofen, ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukuqumba, kanye nokudumba noma ukuphaphama kwesikhumba."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-140", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngihlangabezana nefindo elingangohlamvu lwembumbulu (i-BB) engalweni yami yesokudla, cishe ama-intshi angu-2-3 kusukela esihlakaleni sami. Selikhona cishe iminyaka emihlanu futhi libuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi. Ikakhulukazi ngiyaliqaphela kuphela uma ngilibeka ingcindezi. Alikwazi ukubonakala kodwa ungalizwa kahle uma ulithinta. Liyazamazama cishe u-1 cm (isentimitha) noma yimuphi umkhondo. Ngaya kudokotela cishe iminyaka emine edlule ukuze lihlolwe kodwa abenzanga i-X-ray (umshini wokubona ngaphakathi komzimba) futhi bathi mhlawumbe yihlamvu lwembumbulu kusukela ngisemncane. Manje selibuhlungu kakhulu ngisho noma ngingalibeki ingcindezi, ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele ngenze okuthile ngalo. Ningaba nemibono yokuthi kungaba yini noma yini okufanele ngiyenze ngalo?", "label": "Ingabe yisigaxa sengalo? Isigaxa sengalo yinto ephakamile noma indawo ekhukhumele esenzeka engalweni. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa ukuchaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezigaxa zibandakanya isigaxa, inhlumba, ukugaqeka, isimila noma isikhwama. Izigaxa zengalo zingabangelwa yinoma yiziphi izimo, kubandakanya ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, izimila noma ukulimala. Kuye ngembangela, izigaxa zingaba yinye noma eziningi, zithambile noma ziqinile, zibuhlungu noma zingenabo ubuhlungu. Zingakhula ngokushesha noma zingashintshi ngobukhulu. Izigaxa zengalo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka endaweni zingabonakala njengamathumba, noma amaqhubu. Izinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka zibangela ukuba amagquma ezimila zikhuphuke futhi zizwakale njengezigaxa, ikakhulukazi emakhwapheni. Imbangela yokulimala yezigaxa zengalo kusuka ekulunywa yizinambuzane kuya ekulimaleni okubi okungadala ukuqoqeka kwegazi emzimbeni (i-hematoma, ukuqoqana kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba). Kokubili izimila ezingenabungozi (benign) nezinobungozi (malignant) zesikhumba, izitho ezithambile, noma amathambo engalo ngezinye izikhathi zingezwakala njengezigaxa. Izigaxa ezibangelwa ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala zivame ukuba zesikhashana futhi zehle njengoba isimo esingaphansi siyaxazululeka. Izigaxa eziqhubeka noma ziqhubeka zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingakhombisa izimo ezinzima kakhulu, njengezimila. Uma unaso noma yisiphi isigaxa esiqhubekayo noma esikukhathazayo, funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-141", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginesifo sesibindi esibizwa nge-cirrhosis (isibulalo sesibindi). Ngabe amazinga aphezulu e-ammonia anomthelela ekuphefumuleni? Ngiye ngibe nezikhathi lapho ngingakwazi ukuphefumula kahle. Angibuva ubuhlungu.", "label": "IKHARDIYOMAYOPHATHI YOTSHWALA\n\nUkuphuza kakhulu isikhathi eside kubuthaka umsipha wenhliziyo (heart muscle), kubangele isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ikhardiyomayophathi yotshwala. Inhliziyo ebuthakathaka iyacwila futhi yeluleke futhi ayikwazi ukushuba ngokufanele. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikwazi ukushubisa igazi elanele ukondla izitho. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuntuleka kokuhamba kwegazi okungokwanele kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ezithweni nasemathishini. Izimpawu zekhardiyomayophathi zihlanganisa ukuphelelwa umoya kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukukhathala, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nezinyawo, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungalungile. Kungaholela ngisho nasekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.\n\nEZINYE IZIMO ZENGQONDO EZIHLOBENE NOTSHWALA\n\nUMONAKALO WESIBINDI OTHINTA UBUCHOPHO\n\nIsifo sesibindi esihlobene notshwala asithinti umsebenzi wesibindi kuphela, sibuye silimaze nobuchopho. Isibindi siqoba utshwala - kanye nobungozi obukhuphula. Ngesikhathi salolu hlelo, imikhiqizo yokusebenza kotshwala ilimaza amaseli esibindi. Lawa maseli esibindi alimele awasasebenzi kahle njengoba kufanele futhi avumela ukuthi lezi zinto ezingozi, i-ammoniya ne-manganese ikakhulukazi, ziye ekhanda. Lezi zinto ziqhubeka zilimaze amaseli obuchopho, zibangele isifo sobuchopho esikhulu nesingaba nobungozi bokuphetha ukufa esaziwa ngokuthi i-hepatic encephalopathy (ukugula kobuchopho okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-142", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginesifo somphefumulo esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca. Ngabe ikhona kulawa mathuluzi angasebenzisi imithi angafaneleka ngicela?", "label": "Unganciki kuphela emithini yokulula ngokushesha. Ungasebenzisa futhi imithi yangaphambi kokuzivocavoca njengokwelashwa okusheshayo kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, akufanele udinge ukusebenzisa imithi yakho yangaphambi kokuzivocavoca kaningi kunalokho udokotela wakho akuncoma ngakho. Gcina irekhodi lokuthi zingaki izihefuzelo ozisebenzisayo ngesonto ngalinye, kangaki usebenzisa imithi yakho yangaphambi kokuzivocavoca ukuvikela, nokuthi kangaki uyisebenzisa ukwelapha izimpawu. Uma uyisebenzisa nsuku zonke noma uyisebenzisa kaningi ukwelapha izimpawu, udokotela wakho angalungisa umuthi wakho wokulawula isikhathi eside.\n\nIzinyathelo ongazithatha ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuminyana kwemithambo yomoya okubangelwa ukuzivocavoca (exercise-induced bronchoconstriction) zibandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:\n\nYenza ukufudumala kwemizuzu engu-10 okuhlukahlukene ngokuqina ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile. Phefumula ngekhala lakho ukufudumeza nokufaka umswakama emoyeni ngaphambi kokuba ungene emaphashini akho. Gqoka imaski yobuso noma isikhafu uma uzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi esimweni esibandayo, esomile. Uma unezinto ozwela kuzo, gwema izinto ezingakuvusa. Isibonelo, ungazivocavoci ngaphandle uma amazinga okuvuvukala aphezulu. Gwema ukuzivocavoca ngamandla uma unomkhuhlane noma olunye uhlobo lwesifo somgudu wokuphefumula. Zivocavoce njalo ngokungapheli ukuze uhlale usesimweni esihle futhi ukhuthaze impilo enhle yokuphefumula."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-143", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibe nesifo sikaTourette kusukela ngineminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kamuva ngineminyaka engu-72, ngenziwe ukufakelwa kweshanti ngenxa ye-hydrocephalus (isifo sokuqoqeka kwamanzi ekhanda). Ingabe yiziphi izibalo eziveza ukuthi umuntu angaba ne-hydrocephalus kanye nesifo sikaTourette? Ingabe kukhona ubufakazi obukhomba ukuthi ukushukuma okungalawuleki kwekhanda nentamo okuhambisana nesifo sikaTourette kungaba yimbangela ye-hydrocephalus?", "label": "Yiziphi izifo ezihlobene ne-TS? Abantu abaningi abane-TS babhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha nezengqondo (neurobehavioral) ezihlukumeza kakhulu kunezinyakaziso zomzimba ezingalawuleki (tics). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunganaki, ukuxwaya nokushesha (i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—ADHD); izinkinga zokufunda, ukubhala, kanye nokubala; kanye nezimpawu zokuphindaphinda nokuqhubeka nokwenza okuthile (obsessive-compulsive symptoms) njengokucabanga okungapheli/ukukhathazeka kanye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo. Isibonelo, ukukhathazeka ngokungcola nemagciwane kungahambisana nokugeza izandla njalo, kanti ukukhathazeka ngezinto ezimbi ezingenzeka kungahambisana nokuziphatha okwenziwa ngendlela ethile efanayo njengokubala, ukuphinda, noma ukulandela uhlelo oluthile. Abantu abane-TS baphinde babika izinkinga zokudangala noma ukwesaba okukhulu, kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuphila, ezingahle zibe noma zingabi nokuxhumana ngqo ne-TS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize abantu abaningi abane-TS behlangabezana nokwehla okukhulu kwezinyakaziso zomzimba nezokukhuluma ezingalawuleki emuva kokuphuma ebusheni nasekuqaleni kobudala, izimo ezihambisana nokuziphatha zingaqhubeka. Uma kubhekwa izinkinga eziningi ezingavela, abantu abane-TS baphathwa kahle kakhulu ngokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okunikeza uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphelele nolubheka zonke izici zesimo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-144", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibonile ukuphela kwezinwele eminyeleni engezansi (izitho ezingezansi) kwabesilisa. Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa ukungahambi kahle kwegazi emzimbeni? Unalo yini noma yiluphi iseluleko?", "label": "Izimpawu  Ukulahlekelwa izinwele ngokuvamile kuba yisimpawu esisodwa. Abantu abambalwa bangezwa ukushisa kwesikhumba noma ukwenyezela. I-Alopecia areata (isifo sokulahlekelwa izinwele ngamapheshana) ivame ukuqala ngamapheshana ayi-1 kuya kwama-2 okulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kubonakala kakhulu ekhanda kunezinye izindawo. Kungenzeka futhi kubonakale nasezintshebeni, amashiya, nezingalo noma imilenze kwabanye abantu."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-145", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginemlenze owodwa ngasohlangothini lwesobunxele owalulama iminyaka engama-24 edlule, ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wami zisaphila kahle, kungenzeka yini ukuthi umlenze wami welasheke? Uma kungenzeka ngingakwenza kanjani ukwelashwa futhi kuphi? NGIYABONGA", "label": "Ukwelashwa Kokufa Kwengxenye Yomzimba  Ukwelashwa kuzoncika ekutheni yini imbangela yokufa kwengxenye yomzimba, futhi kungahlanganisa ukwelashwa ngomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokusebenza, ukuhlinzwa, imithi eyalelwe ngudokotela, noma ukuxubana kwalokhu okungenhla. Ukwelashwa kwenzelwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka esigulini, ngenkathi kumsiza ukufunda ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-146", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngibe neziqhuqho elibi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule. Odokotela abatholanga okuyidalayo. Lihlala limanzi njalo. Ngidinga ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi engingakudla. Futhi ubisi olungenalakthosi kanye neyogathi kungaphephe yini ukukudla?", "label": "Ukwelashwa kanjani urhudo oluqhubekayo (chronic diarrhea)? Ukwelashwa korhudo oluqhubekayo kunqunywa yimbangela yalo. Landela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Urhudo olubangelwa ukutheleleka ngezinye izikhathi lungalashwa ngama-antibiotics noma ezinye izinhlobo zemithi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okufanele ukuze kunqunywe umuthi ofanele. Urhudo olungabangelwa ukutheleleka lungaba nzima kakhulu ukuluhlola nokululapha. Ukulashwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokwesekwa kwezokudla kungadingeka. Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ukulapha ezinye izimbangela zorhudo oluqhubekayo. Mayelana norhudo olungaziwa imbangela yalo, lezi zihloko ezilandelayo zingasiza ukwehlisa izimpawu. Landela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Hlala umanzi kahle futhi ugweme ukoma (dehydration). Izinkinga ezinzima zezempilo zingenzeka uma umzimba ungagcini amazinga afanele amanzi. Urhudo lungaba libi kakhulu futhi kungadingeka ukuba esibhedlela uma ukoma kwenzeka. Gcina ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo. Ukwenza lokhu kungasiza ukusheshisa ukululama. Gwema iziphuzo eziqukethe ikofi, njengeti, ikofi, kanye neziphuzo eziningi ezinoshukela. Gwema uphuzo oludakayo; lungaholela ekwomeni okubi kakhulu, okungabeka impilo yakho engcupheni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-147", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Nginezikhukhukazi eziphuma ngamakhala ami. Ngaya kudokotela wami kodwa akazange athumele izibonelo esilabhini. Ziphuma nasemehlweni ami, amehlo ami abomvu kakhulu futhi abuhlungu. Nginezikhukhukazi eziphuma, kodwa udokotela wasegunjini lezimo eziphuthumayo wathi nginesifo samehlo esinokuvuvukala kuphela. Naye akazange athumele izikhukhukazi zami esilabhini. Zingigwinya ziphila! Ngikhathele kakhulu, ngiphelelwe amandla ngingakwazi nokusuka embhedeni. Ngivuvukele. Ngidinga usizo olusheshayo! Sekuyiminyaka ngizama ukuthi bahlole izibonelo zami, kodwa akekho ongisizayo. Ngiyaphela!", "label": "Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa imithi epharalayiza noma ebulala izilo ezincane eziphila emathunjini. Uma kunokuvimbeleka kwamathunjini okudalwa yinani elikhulu lalezi zilo, i-endoscopy (ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi komzimba ngethubhu elinemkhanyiso) ingasetshenziswa ukuzisusa. Ezimweni ezimbalwa, kudingeka ukuhlinzwa. Abantu abalapha izimpethu eziyizikhukhula (izilo eziyizindende) kufanele baphinde bahlolwe ezinyangeni ezintathu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwendle ukubheka amaqanda ezimpethu. Uma amaqanda ekhona, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe futhi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-148", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngisanda kufunda i-athikhili eyathunyelwa nguwe eveza ukuthi ucwaningo lwakho lukhombisa ukuthi ubone indlela ebangela i-burning mouth syndrome (isifo somlomo oshisayo). Futhi ngenxa yalokhu okutholile ungakwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa. Ngibenalokhu iminyaka engu-15 futhi ngisalokhu ngibambelele. Kuzoba nini lapho ukwelashwa okuhle kuzotholakala khona? Ngiyingxenye yeqembu elina-500 labantu abane-BMS. Sihlupheka kakhulu ngendlela emangalisayo futhi sivela emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni. Kuzoba yini ukwelashwa?", "label": "Ukwelashwa Udokotela wakho uzokusiza uthole ukuthoba ubuhlungu. Imithi ingasiza ukulawula ubuhlungu futhi ipholise umlomo owomile. Ngenxa yokuthi i-BMS (isifo sobuhlungu obunzima bomlomo) iyisifo esihlasela imizwa ngendlela enzima, ukwelashwa okusebenza kumuntu oyedwa kungenzeka kungasebenzi komunye. Izimpawu ze-BMS yesibili ziyaphela uma kwelapha isimo sempilo esiyisisekelo, njengesifo sikashukela noma i-thrush (isifo somlomo esibangelwa yizinhlobo ezithile zegciwane), selashiphile. Uma umuthi ubangela i-BMS yesibili, udokotela wakho angakushintshela emthini omusha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-149", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngiyazi ukuthi ungase ungaphenduli lokhu kodwa umfutho wegazi wami uyenyuka ebusuku uma ngilele. Ngiphuza imithi emine. Ngibuze odokotela ukuthi kungani kwenzeka lokhu kodwa akekho owaziyo. Kulokhu kusa ngo-4 ntathakusa. Bekuyi-164 mmHg futhi ngaphuza i-\"clonidine\" ukusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Kungikhathaza kakhulu lokhu.", "label": "Umfutho wegazi uvame ukuphakama ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngaphandle uma uthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela noma ukulawula. Ezinye izinkinga zezempilo - njengesifo sezinso esiqhubekayo, isifo sethayiroidi, kanye ne-sleep apnea (ukumiswa kwokuphefumula ngesikhathi ulele) - zingabangela ukuphakama komfutho wegazi. Eminye imithi nayo ingakhuphula umfutho wegazi. Izibonelo zifaka imithi yesifo somoya (isibonelo, ama-corticosteroids) nemkhiqizo yokwelapha umkhuhlane. Eminye imithi nayo ingabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyisebenzisayo, kufaka phakathi nemikhiqizo etholakala ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Kwabanye abesifazane, amaphilisi okuvimba inzalo, ukukhulelwa, noma ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kungabangela ukuphakama komfutho wegazi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-150", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngineminyaka engu-37 futhi ngihlupheka ngokungabi nandlala, ukulahlekelwa isikhwele sokudla kanye nokungabi nentshisekelo yokudla. Nginenkinga encane yokuphathwa uvalo kanye nesicanucanu. Ngicela ungeluleke ngendlela yokuxazulula le nkinga yami.", "label": "Nini lapho kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe wezempilo: Shayela uchwepheshe wezempilo wakho ngokushesha uma ulahlekelwa yisisindo esikhulu ngaphandle kokuzama. Funa usizo lwezempilo uma ukulahlekelwa inkanuko yokudla kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zokudumala, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala, noma isifo sokudla esingalawuleki. Uma ukulahlekelwa inkanuko yokudla kubangelwa ukuthatha imithi, buza uchwepheshe wezempilo wakho ngokushintsha umthamo womuthi noma uhlobo lomuthi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayeki ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo wakho kuqala."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-151", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngangidinga umgomo wetetanus futhi wanginika wona ngemuva kwengalo yami. Manje senginesifo se-cellulitis. Ngisebenzisa amaphilisi amasha i-predisone ne-augmentin. Manje sengithola izibazi eziningi yonke indawo. Ngicela ungisize ngokushesha ukuthi ngiqonde ukuthi kwenzakalani!", "label": "Isibhaxu yisimaka esisesikhumba sakho esidalwa yigazi elibambeke ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Loku kwenzeka uma ukulimala kucindezela imithanjana yegazi kodwa kungaqhekeki isikhumba. Leyo mithanjana yegazi iyaqhekeka bese ivuza igazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izibhaxu zivamise ukuba buhlungu futhi zivuvukale. Ungathola izibhaxu zesikhumba, zezinyama kanye namathambo. Izibhaxu zamathambo yizona ezinzima kakhulu. Kungathatha izinyanga ukuthi isibhaxu sinyamalale, kodwa eziningi zithatha amasonto amabili. Ziqala ngombala obomvu, bese ziba luhlaza okusampula, bese ziba saluhlaza nophuzi ngaphambi kokubuyela esimweni sazo esejwayelekile. Ukunciphisa ukubhaxabhaxa, faka iqhwa endaweni elimalile bese uyiphakamisa ngaphezu kwenhliziyo yakho. Bona umsebenzi wezempilo wakho uma ubona sengathi ubhaxabhaxa ngaphandle kwesizathu, noma uma isibhaxu sibonakala sengathi sinokutheleleka."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-152", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngiqaphela ukuthi amalunga namathambo ezandleni zami abuhlungu kakhulu uma ngisebenza, ngipheka futhi kamuva ngiyazidedela izinto esandleni sami sobunxele; ngisho ukuphenduka okusheshayo kuthuma umuzwa obuhlungu emzimbeni wami wonke - Kuyini lokhu? Yini ingqinamba?", "label": "Isifinyezo  Akunandaba ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki noma wenzani ukuze uphile, uhlale usebenzisa izandla zakho. Uma kukhona okungalungile ngazo, kungenzeka ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.  Izinkinga zezandla zibandakanya:   I-carpal tunnel syndrome (ukucindezeleka komuzwa esihlakaleni) - ukucindezeleka komuzwa njengoba udlula esihlakaleni, okuvame ukwenza iminwe yakho ingezwa lutho   Ukulimala okubangela ukuphuka kwamathambo, ukudabuka kwezibopho namadislokeshini   I-osteoarthritis - i-arthritis yokuguga nokuguguleka, engaphinde ibangele ukuntshwabeka noma ukugobeka kwamathambo   I-tendinitis - ukukhathazeka kwemisipha   Izifo nokulimala kweminwe yakho nesithupha, okufaka phakathi ukuqinela, ukuphatheka kabi, nokushisa"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-153", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-hypertension (ukushaya kwegazi eliphezulu) kanye ne-fibromyalgia (isifo sezinhlungu emzimbeni), kubonakala sengathi ngithola kuphela izihloko ngesifo sikashukela kanti anginaso lesi sifo. Ngiyakuthokozela ukufunda ulwazi lwamanje olunikezwayo. Ngiyabonga Cassie Caldera", "label": "Ngokuvamile, kubantu abanempilo, abangenabo ubuhlungu, uma umfutho wegazi wabo uphakeme, kancane baba nobunzima bezwa ubuhlungu. Kwabanye, lokhu kungaba yinkinga ngoba abazwa ubuhlungu besifuba okungaba yisexwayiso sokuqala sokuthi kukhona iheart attack (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo) okuzayo. Uma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo buqala, izinhlelo ezilawula ubuhlungu nomfutho wegazi zisebenza kabi kangangokuthi ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi akusaholeli ekuncipha kokuzwela ubuhlungu. Umphumela wokugcina ukuthi ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo kubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (i-hypertension noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-154", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Bengicabanga ukuthi ngihlanze izindlebe zami ngenxa yokwakheka okuningi kwamafutha ezindlebeni. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngizwa ukuluma ezindlebeni zombili. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyashisa kancane futhi zibuhlungu kancane. Emini angikuqapheli kakhulu, kodwa kusihlwa nasebusuku kuba kubi kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona okuvuzayo, kodwa akukho okuvuzayo ngempela. Uma ngithatha i-Clartin (umuthi wokuqeda i-allergy) kuyasiza, kodwa angithandi ukuyithatha nsuku zonke.\n\nUcabanga ukuthi kufanele ngenzeni? Odokotela bezindlebe, amakhala nomphimbo (ENT) abavamile ukwenza okuningi ngalokhu noma bacabange ukuthi kuyinkinga enkulu. Ngiphinde ngizwe umsindo omncane ophakeme ezindlebeni ebusuku. Lowo msindo awukhathazi kakhulu, kodwa ukhona. Bahlolile ukuzwa kwami bathi kuhle, ngakho ngiyamangala ukuthi kungaba yini. Kungaba yinto engiyithathayo mayelana nezithumba, noma i-allergy, noma yini enye?\n\nIngabe kukhona uhlobo lokuhlola olungakhombisa ukuthi yini le nokuthi ngingayinqoba kanjani? Lolu khathazeko lungiphatha kabi. Ngicela usizo lwakho.", "label": "Ama-allergy angabanga izimpawu ezahlukene njengamakhala avuzayo, ithimulo, ukuluma, amaqhubha, ukuvuvuka, noma i-asthma. Ama-allergy angaba ncane noma amakhulu. Ukuvuvuka okusheshayo okubucayi kungaba yingozi engabulala. Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba negazi ukuhlola ama-allergy. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi imithi, imijovo yokuvikela ama-allergy, nokugwema izinto ezibanga izimpendulo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-155", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngizothanda kakhulu ukuzama idayethi engiyidingayo. Ukuzama ukwehlisa isisindo.", "label": "Isifingqo: Ukugcina isisindo esiphilile kubalulekile. Uma uphansi kakhulu ngosisindo, unesisindo esikhulu, noma unzima kakhulu, ungaba nengozi ephakeme yezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Cishe ababili kwabathathu abantu abadala e-U.S. banesisindo esikhulu noma banzima kakhulu. Ukufinyelela isisindo esiphilile kungakusiza ulawule i-cholesterol (amafutha egazini) yakho, umfutho wegazi kanye noshukela egazini. Kungaphinda kukusize uvimbele izifo ezihlobene nokukhula kwesisindo, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, i-arthritis (ukuqina kwamathambo) kanye nomdlavuza othile.\n\nUkudla kakhulu noma ukungashukumi ngokwanele kuzokwenza ube nesisindo esikhulu. Ukuze ugcine isisindo sakho, ama-calorie owadlayo kufanele alingane namandla owasebenzisayo. Ukuze wehlise isisindo, kufanele usebenzise ama-calorie amaningi kunalokho okudlayo.\n\nIsu lokulawula isisindo lingahlanganisa:\n- Ukukhetha ukudla okuncane amafutha, okuncane ama-calorie\n- Ukudla izingcezu ezincane\n- Ukuphuza amanzi esikhundleni seziphuzo ezinoswidi\n- Ukushukuma\n\nUkudla ama-calorie angeziwe ngaphakathi kwedayethi ehleleke kahle (ukudla okuxubene kahle) kungasiza ukwengeza isisindo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-156", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingathanda ukwazi ukuthi ungangitshengisa indlela eya elabhorethri eNingizimu California, ikakhulukazi eSan Bernardino County noma e-LA County noma ngisho nase-Riverside County eyenza ukuhlolwa kwamajini e-EDS (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) noma i-Osteogenesis Imperfecta (isifo sokuqina kwamathambo okungaphelelanga) futhi uyazi yini ukuthi lezi zifo ezimbili ziyafana yini ngezimpawu? Ngiyabonga ngosizo lwakho nesikhathi sakho.", "label": "Isifinyezo\nIthishu eyokuxhumanisa yinto engaphakathi komzimba wakho esekela izingxenye eziningi zawo. Yiyo \"intambo yeseli\" enika amathishu akho isimo futhi isize ukuwagcina eqinile. Iphinde isize ezinye zamathishu akho ukwenza umsebenzi wawo. Ikhathilaji namafutha ayizibonelo zethishu eyokuxhumanisa. Kukhona izifo ezingaphezulu kwama-200 ezithinta ithishu eyokuxhumanisa. Ezinye, njengesifo se-cellulitis, zibangelwa ukutheleleka. Ukulimala kungabanga izifo zethishu eyokuxhumanisa, njengezibazi noma amanxeba. Ezinye, njenge-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, i-Marfan syndrome, kanye ne-osteogenesis imperfecta, zingenziwa yizimilo. Ezinye futhi, njenge-scleroderma, azikabonwa imbangela yazo. Isifo ngasinye sinezimpawu zaso ezihlukile futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-157", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngingumama wentombazane eneminyaka eyi-13 eyatholakala ukuthi ine-endometriosis (isifo somzimba wesifazane). Ngiyazi ukuthi ngingahle ngingasipele kahle leli gama. Udokotela uthe lesi sifo simubi kakhulu futhi asijwayelekile ezinganeni ezingangayo. Wayeneminyaka eyi-12 ngesikhathi etholakala, ngabe kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele ubudala bakhe? Akakaze athole ukwelashwa, futhi uhlala ezwa ubuhlungu ngaso sonke isikhathi.", "label": "Hlobo luni lwemithi ekhona? Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-endometriosis sekwenziwe, ukwelashwa kuhlukaniswa ngalezi zigaba ezilandelayo.\n\nUkubheka (ukuqapha izimpawu): Ngemva kokuhlolwa nangaphambi kokuqala ukuthatha amahomoni, wena kanye nethimba lakho labanakekeli besitho sangasese sabesifazane (GYN) ningakhetha ukuqapha izimpawu zakho futhi uzame imithi yezinhlungu elula. Leli yisinyathelo sokuqala samantombazane ane-endometriosis engakabi nesikhathi sokuqala.\n\nUkucindezela ngokwezokwelapha: Ukwelashwa ngamahomoni njengamaphilisi okuhlela aqukethe i-estrogen ne-progesterone athathwa njalo (ukumisa isikhathi) kwelapha izimpawu kwiziguli eziningi. Ukwelashwa kwesibili ukusebenzisa umuthi we-progesterone wodwa. Loku kuza njengephilisi lokuhlela eliqukethe i-progestin kuphela ephaketheni (amagama ezitolo: i-Nor-QD® noma i-Camilla®) noma njengephilisi elijwayelekile eliza ebhodleleni i-Norethindrone acetate (igama lesitolo: i-Aygestin®). Isikali se-Aygestin® singalungiswa ukuze simise ubuhlungu nokophisa kwakho. Olunye uhlobo lomuthi obizwa nge-GnRH agonist (umuthi ovimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni), njenge-Leuprolide acetate (igama lesitolo: i-Lupron-Depot®). Lo muthi usebenza ngokuvala amahomoni enziwa amasende bese umisa isikhathi sakho okwesikhashana. Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yokwelapha kwehlisa izinga le-estrogen emzimbeni wakho (elinye lamahomoni elenza umzimba wakho ube nesikhathi).\n\nUkuhlinzwa: I-endometriosis ebonakalayo izobhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okusetshenziswa ikhamera encane (i-laparoscopy). Ngemva kwalolu hlelo, izintsha eziningi zithola ukudamba kwezimpawu. Eziningi zithi ubuhlungu bazo bungcono, kodwa abuphelanga nya. Khumbula, ayikho impilo ephelele ye-endometriosis. Izintsha eziningi zingaphinda zizwe ubuhlungu futhi.\n\nIzinguquko zendlela yokuphila: Ukubhekana nobuhlungu obungapheli besitho sangasese kungaba inselele. Ukuzivocavoca kujwayele ukusiza ekunciphiseni noma ekupholiseni ubuhlungu besitho sangasese nobuhlungu besikhathi. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuphumula ngokwanele kusiza umzimba wakho ukumelana nobuhlungu. Ukuzijwayeza amasu okuzipholisa njengokuhlala uthule noma ukushaya indlamu kusiza ukwehlisa ubuhlungu.\n\nIzinsiza zokwelapha ubuhlungu: Uma ungazitholi ukudamba ezimpawwini zakho, udokotela wakho wesitho sangasese angakudlulisela ohlelweni lokwelapha ubuhlungu ukuze uhlolwe. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, izinsiza ezifana nokufundiswa ukulawula imizwa yakho (i-biofeedback), ukwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca (i-physical therapy), ukuthotshelwa ngonaliti (i-acupuncture) kanye nezinhlelo zokuzivocavoca zinganikezwa.\n\nUkwelapha okuhambisanayo: Ukuthotshelwa ngonaliti, imithi yesintu, ukwelapha ngamakhambi amancane kakhulu (i-homeopathy) kanye nokuthinta okuphilisayo kuyizindlela ezidumile \"ezingajwayelekile\" zokwelapha. Eziningi zalezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasiza, kodwa, hhayi yonke indlela engajwayelekile iye yaqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi ukuthi iphephile futhi iyasebenza. Ucwaningo lukhawulelwe. Ngaphambi kokuzama noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelapha olungajwayelekile, qiniseka ukuthi usebenza nomnakekeli ogunyaziwe osuke wadluliselwa kuwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-158", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Anginasiqiniseko ukuthi angikwazi ukuzala, ukukhathazeka kwami ukuthi sekuphele iminyaka emibili ngithandana nalo mfana ngingasebenzisi kokuvikela ukukhulelwa, ngabe kuyinto ejwayelekile ukungakhulelwa yini?", "label": "Ukungakwazi ukuthola umntwana kusho ukungakwazi ukukhulelwa emva konyaka uzama. Uma owesifazane ekwazi ukukhulelwa kodwa eqhubeka nokuphunyuka kwezisu noma ukubeletha izingane ezifile, nalokho kubizwa ngokungakwazi ukuthola umntwana. Ukungakwazi ukuthola umntwana kuyinto ejwayelekile. Emva konyaka wokuba nocansi olungavikelekile, cishe amaphesenti angu-15 ezithandani awakwazi ukukhulelwa. Cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa kokuthathu, ukungakwazi ukuthola umntwana kungalandeleka kowesifazane. Kwesinye isikhathi esisodwa kokuthathu, kungenxa yendoda. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenxa yabantu bobabili noma akukho mbangela otholakala. Kukhona ukwelashwa okuthile okwenzelwe amadoda noma abesifazane. Ezinye zibandakanya abantu bobabili. Imithi yokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa kuyizindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile. Ngokujabulisayo, izithandani eziningi ezilashwa ngokungakwazi ukuthola umntwana zigcina zibe nezingane."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-159", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngo-1964, ngaqala ukuthatha i-Bendectin yokucanuzela ekuseni futhi ngaqhubeka njalo ngesikhathi ngikhulelwe. Ingane yami yesithathu yathola i-meningioma yobuchopho eneminyaka eyishumi nanye, manje indodakazi yami, eneminyaka engama-47, itholakale ne-lesion (isigaxa) sobuchopho. Nginokwethuka okufanele nangokuzwakalayo ngesimo sendodakazi yami futhi ngimangala ukuthi ngabe ngibenomthelela yini esimweni sayo. Nginentshisekelo kuphela ekumsizeni hhayi ngenxa yanoma yisiphi isizathu sokumangalela. Uma kukhona omunye umuntu obenenkinga efanayo futhi wayelashwa ngendlela enhle, ngingajabula kakhulu ukwazi ngakho. Ngiyabonga futhi uNkulunkulu anibusise.", "label": "Icala eliphikisana neBendectin alisobala. I-Food and Drug Administration (inhlangano yase-US elawula ukudla nemithi) yavuma lokhu ngonyaka ka-1980, ngemuva kokubuyekezwa okujulile kwezinsuku ezimbili kwedatha etholakalayo. Ithimba lokubuyekeza lathi akukho budlelwano phakathi kweBendectin kanye nezinkinga zokuzalwa ezibonakaliswe. Lanezezela, nokho, ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi kwakungekho ndlela yokufakazisa ukuphepha ngokuphelele kwanoma yimuphi umuthi kubo bonke abesifazane ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isimo, kufanele kusale ukungaqiniseki okusasele mayelana nokuthi lomuthi uthinta kanjani ingane engakazalwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-160", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Leber Congenital Amaurosis (isifo samehlo esizalwa naso) kanye ne-Autism (isifo sokukhubazeka komqondo)?", "label": "Kukhona ubufakazi obuningi emibhalweni obuveza ukuthi izingane ezizalwe zingaboni nazo zingaveza izimpawu ezifana nezesifo sokuphazamiseka komqondo sezingane (autism). Ukubaluleka kwezimbangela nokwemfundo mayelana nalokhu kuhlobana akukacaci kahle. Njengoba ukubona kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni, sazimisela ukuthola ukubaluleka kokuziphatha okufana nokwesifo sokuphazamiseka komqondo sezingane ezinenkinga enkulu yokungaboni kusukela zisencane. Isampula yethu yayiqukethe izingane ezingamashumi amabili nane (abafana abayishumi nantathu, amantombazane ayishumi nanye; iminyaka yobudala ephakathi kwemihlanu nezinyanga ezimbili; ukushayisana kweminyaka yobudala kwaba kusukela kwemibili kuya kweyishumi nanye) ezithinteke ngesifo sokungaboni esibizwa nge-Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA). Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwethu kwesilinganiso sokuhlola izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka komqondo sezingane esiguquliwe - ngaphandle kwesigaba sesikhombisa (Ukukwazi ukuphendula ngokubona) - yaveza ukuthi izingane ezine kuphela zanikeza amamaki aphelele akhombisa ukuba khona kwesifo sokuphazamiseka komqondo sezingane (ngaphezu kwalokho, kwinqanaba eliphansi/eliphakathi). Azikho nhlobo izingane esampuleni yethu ye-LCA ezaveza ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu ebudlelwaneni bazo nabanye abantu noma ekuphenduleni kwazo kwezenhlalo nezemizwa, ngaleyo ndlela kusivumela ukuthi singaqinisekisi ukuba khona ngempela kwesifo sokuphazamiseka komqondo sezingane. Impela, ubungozi obubhekene nengane engaboni kubonakala buthinta izimo zayo zokuhlangana nabanye abantu kusaqala, ezingathinteka ngenxa yokungakwazi kwayo ukuxhumana nabanye, futhi ezingavinjelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasu athile okungenelela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-161", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe kukhona okutholakalayo, ngesiNgisi noma ngesiSpanishi, mayelana ne-Physiotherapy eqondene ngqo ne-arthritis yeqakala? Ngifuna nje ukwazi kabanzi ngalokhu. Kukhona isimo emndenini wami futhi silandelwa yidokotela kanye ne-physiotherapist. I-imeyili yami ithi &jfuks@oi.com.br&gt;. Ngiyabonga. Jayme Fuks.", "label": "UKWELASHWA NGOKWOMZIMBA  Ukwelashwa ngokwomzimba kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amandla emisipha kanye nokuhamba kwamajoints aqinile kanye nokuma kwakho. Uma ukwelashwa kungakwenzi uzizwe ungcono ngemuva kwamasonto angu-6 kuya kwangu-8, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kusebenze nhlobo. Ukwelashwa ngokucindezelwa kungakunika ukwehlisa izinhlungu isikhashana. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenza nomshovi oqeqeshekile ogunyaziwe onesipiliyoni sokusebenza ngamajoints abuthakathaka."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-162", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingane yami ezinyangeni ezine ine-albinism yamehlo. Ngicela ungisize noma ungiphakamise noma yimuphi umuthi wokuyiphulukisa.", "label": "Ukwelashwa   Inhloso yokwelashwa ukwehlisa izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kuncike ekubeni isifo sibi kangakanani. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuvikela isikhumba namehlo elangeni:\n\n• Ukwelashwa: Yehlisa ingozi yokushiswa ilanga ngokugwema ilanga, ukusebenzisa isikhuseli selanga, nokuzemboza ngokuphelele ngezingubo uma uvelele elangeni.\n\n• Ukwelashwa: Isikhuseli selanga kufanele sibe nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuvikela ilanga (SPF - Sun Protection Factor).\n\n• Ukwelashwa: Izibuko zelanga (ezivikelwe ku-UV) zingasiza ukwehlisa ukuzwela ukukhanya.\n\nUkwelashwa: Izibuko zivame ukuchazwa ukulungisa izinkinga zokubona nokuma kwamehlo. Ukwelashwa: Ukuhlinzwa kwemisipha yamehlo kuyanconywa ngezinye izikhathi ukulungisa ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kwamehlo (i-nystagmus - ukuzamazama kwamehlo)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-163", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ubaba womkami ushone kamuva nje emva kokuba amathumbu akhe amancane afa.Ubebonakala ephile saka wadla isidlo sakusihlwa ngoMgqibelo kwadingeka ukuthi aphuthunyiswe esibhedlela ngeSonto.Ekuqaleni kwangoLwesibili bamhlinza emva kokuba umfutho wegazi wakhe (blood pressure) wehla. Basusa amaphesenti angu-70-80 amathumbu akhe amancane kanye nengxenye yamathumbu akhe amakhulu (ayefile). Ngabe lokhu kuyazwakala ukuthi bathola leli phesenti lamathumbu akhe amancane lifile -- kodwa wayebonakala ephile kahle ngosuku olwandulela lokho.", "label": "Ukungabikhona kwegazi emathunjini amancane nokubhubha kwezicubu\n\nUkungabikhona kwegazi emathunjini nokubhubha kwezicubu kuwukumosheka (ukungabikhona kwegazi) noma ukufa (ukubhubha kwezicubu) kwengxenye yomathumbu. Kubangelwa ukwehla kokuhamba kwegazi endaweni leyo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-164", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngizothini? Izinsini zami zamazinyo zinokopha, yimuphi umuthi okufanele ngiwusebenzise?", "label": "Udokotela wezinyo wakho angancoma: Ukuhlanzwa kwamazinyo ngendlela yochwepheshe ngaphezu kokuwaxubha nokuwaflosha kabili ngonyaka, noma kaningi kakhulu ezimweni ezimbi zesifo sezinsini. Ukusebenzisa amanzi okuhlamba umlomo abulala amagciwane noma ezinye izinsiza. Ukulungisa amazinyo angahlelekile. Ukushintsha izinsiza zamazinyo nezokuwaqondisa zokuhlelela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-165", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ubaba wami uhlupheka nge-IBS futhi uyaphelelwa isisindo usuku ngosuku. Ngezinye izikhathi uyaquleka ngenxa yobuthakathaka. Akakwazi ukucubungula ukudla. Ngicela usisize. Sicela usibonise ngalenkinga.", "label": "Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo eminye izifo. Lezi zivivinyo zingahlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamasampula amathunga, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nama-x-ray. Udokotela wakho angenza futhi ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-sigmoidoscopy (ukuhlolwa kwesigaba esiphansi sezibindi) noma i-colonoscopy (ukuhlolwa kwezibindi zonke). Abantu abaningi abatholakala ukuthi bane-IBS bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo ngokudla, ukuphatha ingcindezi, ama-probiotics (amagciwane amahle emathunjini), kanye nemithi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-166", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umyeni wami, oneminyaka engu-89, uhlulekile ukuchama amahora angu-11 emva kokususwa kwekhathethi yakhe. Ngabe sekuyisikhathi esifanele sokubiza udokotela?", "label": "Emva kokususwa kwe-catheter\nEmva kokuba ikhathethi yakho ikhishiwe:\nUngaba nenkinga yokuchama. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, zama ukuhlala kumanzana afudumele (ukugeza okuncane). Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uphumule. Uma uzwa isidingo, kungaba lula ukuchama ngenkathi usesebhavini.\nUngaba nokushisa okuthile izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuqala uma uchama. Uma ukushisa kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka.\nPhuza amanzi amaningi, ngokwanele ukuze umchamo wakho ube phuzi okhalweni noma ucwebekazi njengamanzi. Uma unesifo sezinso, senhliziyo, noma sesibindi futhi kufanele unciphise amanzi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwandisa inani lamanzi ophuza.\nGqoka izigqoko zangaphansi ezikhululekile zekhothini uma unokuvuvukala noma ukuqubuka okuvela ekhathethi yakho.\nFuthi, kubalulekile ukwazi uma unenkinga nokuthi ungabiza nini udokotela wakho. Emva kokususwa kwekhathethi, biza udokotela wakho uma:\nUngachami emva kwamahora ayisi-8 emva kokuba ikhathethi ikhishiwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-167", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Izinga lami le-creatinine egazini ngu-1.1 amazinga. Ngineminyaka engu-36 futhi nginetshe lezinso. Umbuzo wami uthi, ngabe itshe lezinso lizokuthinta imiphumela ye-creatinine egazini?", "label": "Kusho ukuthini umphumela wohlolo? Ibanga Lokuqhathanisa Lecreatinine\n\nAmazinga aphakeme ecreatinine egazini akhombisa izifo noma izimo ezithinta ukusebenza kwezinso. Lokhu kungabandakanya:\n\nUkulimala noma ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ezinsweni (i-glomerulonephritis - ukuvuvukala kwezinso) okubangelwa, isibonelo, ukutheleleka noma izifo ze-autoimmune\n\nUkutheleleka ngamagciwane ezinsweni (i-pyelonephritis)\n\nUkufa kwamaseli emabhudwini amancane ezinso (i-acute tubular necrosis, ukufa kwamabhudo ezinso) okubangelwa, isibonelo, izidakamizwa noma izidleke\n\nIsifo sesivinini somdidiyela, itshe lezinso, noma ezinye izizathu zokuvimba umgudu womchamo\n\nUkwehla kokuhamba kwegazi ezinsweni ngenxa yokushayeka, ukwomela, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-atherosclerosis (ukuqina kwemithambo), noma izinkinga zesifo sikashukela"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-168", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Udadewethu usesibhedlela sokunakekela iziguli iminyaka unyaka nengxenye. Abanakekeli bakhe baye basho ukuthi ulambile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ucela ukudla uma ngiya ukuyombona. Ngabe yini engadala lokhu?", "label": "Ukucabangela Ukulamba okukhulu kungaba uphawu lwezigulo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, kungaba ngenxa yesimo sengqondo noma inkinga yesigubhu se-endocrine (isitho esikhipha amahomoni). Ukulamba okukhulu kungeza bese kuyahamba (kubuye kuphinde), noma kungahlala isikhathi eside (okungapheli). Lokhu kuzonquma ngesizathu. Akuhlale kusho ukuthi umuntu uzokhuluphala. Amagama athi \"hyperphagia\" (ukulamba okungapheli) kanye ne-\"polyphagia\" (ukudla okuningi kakhulu) abhekisela kumuntu ogxile ekudleni kuphela, noma odla ubuningi obukhulu ngaphambi kokuzwa esutha.\n\nIzizathu Izizathu zingabandakanya:\n• Ukwesaba\n• Imithi ethile (njengama-corticosteroids, i-cyproheptadine, kanye nama-tricyclic antidepressants)\n• I-Bulimia (ukudla kakhulu bese uyahlanza, ejwayeleke kakhulu kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-30 ubudala)\n• I-Diabetes mellitus (isifo sikashukela, kuhlanganise nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa)\n• Isifo sikaGraves (isifo sethayiroidi)\n• I-Hyperthyroidism (ukusebenza kakhulu kwethayiroidi)\n• I-Hypoglycemia (ukwehla kwezinga likashukela egazini)\n• I-Premenstrual syndrome (izimpawu ezenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuya enyangeni)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-169", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Indodana yami eneminyaka emihlanu ine-Gangliosidosis GM 1, sifuna umuthi ongamsiza, noma okungenani ongase uwelule impilo yakhe. Usethola iMiglusitat isikhathi seviki. Ungasisiza noma nje usithumele ulwazi oluthile? Singabonga kakhulu ngalokho.", "label": "Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa? Akukho ukwelashwa okuthile okwenziwa kuma-gangliosidoses. Ama-anticonvulsant angaqala ukulawula ukuqhaqhazela. Okunye ukwelashwa okusizayo kufaka phakathi ukudla okunempilo, ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele kanye nokugcina umgudu wokuphefumula uvulekile."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-170", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ungisize nomfowethu one-simo sokubanjwa umzimba kodwa ingqondo isebenza eMartinique iminyaka emi-3. Ngicela omunye asize. UNkulunkulu akubusise. UHenri 631-643-5692", "label": "Indlela yokwelapha ebizwa ngokuthi i-functional neuromuscular stimulation (ukuvuselela imisipha ngogesi), esebenzisa izinto ezincane ezifakwa esikhumbeni ukuvuselela imilingo yemisipha, ingasiza ukusebenzisa eminye imisipha engasanyakazi ngenxa yokukhubazeka. Zikhona izinto ezahlukene ezisiza ukuxhumana, njengamashadi okukhomba noma izinhlelo zekhompyutha ezikhethekile. Okunye ukwelashwa kuhambisana nokudambisa izimpawu zesifo nokusekela isiguli ngezindlela ezahlukene."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-171", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela ngempela impendulo yakho nosizo lwakho :( Umkami une-allergy kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yobisi futhi uma ephuza noma edla noma yini equkethe inani elincane lanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo yobisi uya esibhedlela. Nginokholo ukuthi kukhona ukwelapha lokhu kodwa angazi ukuthi ngimtshele ukuthini. Ucabanga ukuthi ngeke aphinde alapheke. Ngakho-ke ngicela ungitshele ukuthi kukhona yini ukwelapha kwe-allergy yemikhiqizo yobisi, noma yikuphi ukwelapha? Noma ukwelapha okuzofika maduzane kakhulu? Ngizojabula ngendlela emangalisayo uma uphendula, Ngiyabonga kakhulu. :)", "label": "Yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa nokuvimbela ezibe wusizo? Joanna: Akukho ukwelapha kwabantu abadala abanokunganyamelani nokudla. Imithi efana nemijovo ye-epinephrine kanye nama-antihistamines ingalulaza izimpawu, kodwa ukugwema ukudla okubanga lezi zimpawu nokuphethe i-EpiPen (umjovo wokwelapha izimpawu eziphuthumayo) yami ngaso sonke isikhathi yindlela engizigcina ngayo ngiphephile futhi ngiphile kahle."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-172", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Umbuzo. Yini isivumelwano sabodokotela bezempilo mayelana nokuthi ingabe isifo somoya singaphola? Futhi ingabe unaye umbhalo oxoxa ngokuthi ingabe isifo somoya singaphola?", "label": "I-asthma isifo eside esingenalo ikhambi. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwe-asthma ukulawula isifo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-173", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ukhala ngenxa yobuhlungu futhi akakwazi ukulala ebusuku ngenxa yalokhu. Ngikholwa ukuthi kuvamile kakhulu ngokweminyaka yakhe ngoba akazalwanga nako. Ngifuna nje ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ngenze kanjani. Uye kudokotela kodwa bathi ngokuhlinzwa kunethuba elilingana nama-50% lokuphila. Yilokho nje angitshele kona, kodwa ngifisa sengathi kukhona engingakwenza ukusiza noma okuthile esingakwenza ukuvimbela ubuhlungu. Noma yiluphi usizo luzoba lusizo olukhulu kakhulu! Usekuthole isikhathi eside manje, cishe izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi uthi ubuhlungu buyakhula, yingakho ngikhathazeka kangaka.", "label": "Ukuphambuka Kwemigodla Okungaqondakali Kubantu Abadala\n\nA) Ukuphambuka kwemigodla kumuntu omdala okuvela kusukela ebudaleni. B) Ukuhlolwa kwemigodla ngaphambili (X-ray) okubonisa ukuphambuka kwemigodla ngenxa yokukhula (ukuphambuka kwemigodla ngenxa yokukhula).\n\nUma kutholakala ukugoba komgogodla kumuntu omdala, kuvamise ukwehluka kakhulu kunokugoba komgogodla emntwaneni noma osemncane. Izinjongo zokwelapha zivamise ukwehluka njengendawo lapho ukuphambuka kwemigodla kukhona. Ukugoba komgogodla kumuntu omdala kungenzeka kube kukhona kusukela ebunganeni noma kube umphumela wokukhula. Ngaphandle kobuhlungu emhlane, iziguli zingaba nobuhlungu obuya phansi emilenzeni kuze kufike ezinyaweni. Ukwelashwa kokugoba komgogodla kubantu abadala kugxila ekubuyiseleni ukusebenza nasekunciphiseni ubuhlungu ngokuhambisana nokulungisa ukugoba komgogodla.\n\nImbangela\n\nKunemibangela eminingi eyehlukene yokugoba komgogodla kumuntu omdala. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuphambuka kwemigodla okwakukhona ngesikhathi sobudala (iminyaka yobusha) bese kuba kubi ngesikhathi sobudala, nokugoba okwaqala ebudala ngenxa yokugugiswa (ukuguga nokugqwalisa) emgogodleni nokugoba okuvele kamuva empilweni. Ezinye izizathu ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukugoba ngenxa ye-osteoporosis (amathambo abuthakathaka), ukuphuka kwemigodla kwangaphambili ngenxa yengozi, i-spondylolisthesis (ukushibilika kwamathambo omgogodla) futhi kwesinye isikhathi, izifo nezihlava zomgogodla weqolo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-174", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mahlaleli, nginenkinga yezempilo futhi ngingabonga kakhulu uma ningangisiza. Ngizwa ubuhlungu endaweni yangemuva phakathi kwesinqe nedolo (sengathi kukhona okuhlabayo). Ngiqaphele ukuthi imithambo izibonakala kakhulu kule ndawo. Kungaba yini lokhu? Kungabangelwa yini lokhu? Yimuphi udokotela okufanele ngimbone? Ngiyabonga ngosizo lwenu nangokusebenzisana nami.", "label": "Thola Udokotela • Cela Isikhathi Sokubonana • Xhumana Nathi"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-175", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Abangani bethu ababili banengane eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili enesifo Sokungalaleli Nokuchasa (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) kanye ne-autism, futhi batshelelwa yisikhungo ukuthi kumele bayibeke esikhungweni. Abangani bethu baphukile. Ngabe zikhona izindawo zelaphi ezinhle ezweni ezigxile kwi-ODD kanye ne-autism ezingahle zibanikeze ezinye izinketho? Siyabonga nganoma yiluphi useluleko onganika lona.", "label": "Ukubaluleka Kokuxhaswa Imindeni ivame ukudinga usizo ekuqondeni ukukhubazeka kwengane yabo nokuthi bangabhekana kanjani nezidingo ezidalwa ukukhubazeka. Usizo luyatholakala koodokotela bezengqondo, ochwepheshe bezengqondo, nabanye ochwepheshe bempilo yengqondo abasebenza emkhakheni kahulumeni noma ozimele. Kukhona futhi nethungelelwano lokuxhasa impilo yengqondo elisebenza kuzo zonke izifundazwe kanye nasezindaweni zasekhaya. Ukuthola izinhlelo zokusekela emphakathini wakho noma esifundazweni, vakashela izinhlangano esizibhalile ngezansi. Zingakuxhumanisa nemithombo yosizo yasendaweni, kufaka phakathi amaqembu okuxhasana anikeza ukuxhumana nokuqondana, ulwazi, ukudluliselwa kokulashwa, kanye nokunikelela labo abaphila nokupazamiseka kwemizwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-176", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ukudonseka kwethunzi leso kuzosuka yini", "label": "Izinhloso ezinkulu zokulungisa i-ptosis (ukuwa kweliphezulu leso) ukuphakamisa ukukhushulwa kwezimbobo zamehlo eziphezulu ukuze kuvumeleke ukuthuthuka kwesibuko esijwayelekile ngokuphelele kanye nendawo ephelele yokubona, kanye nokulingana nezimbobo zamehlo eziphezulu ezingesokudla. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma usebenza emsipha ongajwayelekile, isimo sezimbobo zamehlo esiphelele nesebenzayo emva kokulungisa kungenzeka kungafezeki."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-177", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yiziphi izifo ezibangwa ukubhema? Futhi, ingabe ziyithinta kanjani impilo yomzimba womuntu?", "label": "Ayikho enye indlela. Ukubhema kubi kempilo yakho. Ukubhema kulimaza cishe zonke izitho zomzimba. Ukubhema ugwayi kubangela amaphesenti angu-87 ezokufa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kuphinde kube nomthelela kweminye imihlaza kanye nezinkinga zezempilo. Lokhu kumbandakanya isifo samaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo kanye nemithambo yegazi, ukushaywa ubhululu kanye nesifo samehlo. Abesifazane ababhemayo banesethuba esikhulu lezinkinga ezithile zokukhulelwa noma zokuba umntwana afe ngenxa yokufa okungalindelekile komntwana osanda kuzalwa (SIDS). Intuthu yakho iphinde ibe mbi kwabanye abantu - bayiphefumula intuthu yokubhema okwesibili futhi bangathola eziningi izinkinga ezifanayo nalezi ezitholwa ngababhemayo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-178", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yiziphi izinzuzo noma imihlomulo yokwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca (i-physiotherapy) ekuphathweni ikhanda okuxinayo noma okucindezela?", "label": "Ukwelashwa ngokuthintwa — Abanye abantu abanekhanda elibuhlungu ngokujwayelekile bayazuza ukusebenza nomuntu oqeqeshelwe ukwelapha ngokuthintwa onolwazi olujulile ngekhanda elibuhlungu. Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lungasetshenziswa uma ungaphenduli kahle noma uphendule kancane noma okwesikhashana nje emithini, noma uma ungenakuyisebenzisa imithi (isibonelo, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo)."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-179", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yini engingayenza? Uma umuntu ephalaza igazi kancane, ezizwa esindwa ikhanda kancane, bese elala phansi alale, bethi bazolala kuze kudlule. Kodwa mina ngifuna ukumyisa esibhedlela, noma bethi baphilile.", "label": "Ukuphalaza igazi (i-hematemesis, okuchaza ukuphuma kwegazi ngomlomo) kusho amanani amakhulu egazi ekuphalaziwe. Imidwa emincane noma amachashaza amancane egazi kulokho okukhuphayo angavela emazinyweni, emlonyeni noma emphinjeni, kodwa lokhu akuthathwa njengokuphalaza igazi ngempela. Igazi ekuphalaziwe lingaba bomvu obugqamile, noma lingabonakala limnyama noma linsundu okujulile lifane nensalela yesiselo esimnyama. Igazi elibhidliziwe, elivela egazini lasekhalaleni noma ekukhohleleleni okunamandla, kungadala ukuphalaza igazi, kodwa ukuphalaza igazi ngempela kuvame ukubonisa isimo esixakile kakhulu futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.\n\nUkopha emgudwini wokudla ophezulu (umlomo, umhluzi, isisu kanye nengxenye yesisu encane ephezulu) okuvela ezilondeni zesisu noma emithambo yegazi edabukile kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokuphalaza igazi. Shayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni zakho uma ukuphalaza igazi kubangela isiyezi ngemva kokuma, ukuphefumula okuphuthuma, okungajulile noma ezinye izimpawu zokushayeka umzimba. Shayela usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo uma ukuphalaza igazi kubangela lezi zimpawu zokushayeka umzimba:\n\n- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha, okungajulile\n- Ukuzizwa unesiyezi noma ukuthi konke kuyazungeza uma usukuma\n- Ukungaboni kahle\n- Ukuphaphatheka\n- Ukudideka\n- Isicabucabu\n- Ukuba nesikhumba esibandayo, esimanzi, esimpunga\n- Ukuncipha kokuchama\n\nFuna usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha. Cela omunye akuyise ekliniki yezimo eziphuthumayo noma esibhedlela uma ubona igazi ekuphalaziwe kwakho noma uqala ukuphalaza igazi. Kubalulekile ukusheshe uthole imbangela yokopha bese kuvinjwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu igazi kanye nezinye izinkinga, okungaholela ekufeni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-180", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yiluphi ulwazi ongase ube nalo mayelana nokwelashwa nge-Hyperbaric noma imiphumela yokwelashwa yesifo se-Meniere's?", "label": "UFattori nabanye, Audiology 35(6):322-34, 1996. Laba babhali babika imiphumela yokwelashwa izinsuku eziyi-15 ngemizuzu engama-90 yokuhlala ekamelweni lomfutho womoya. Babika imiphumela yokuzwa engcono ezigulini ezilashiwe. Uphawu: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesizathu esizwakalayo kanye nokubheka izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokusabela kweplasebo (ukwelashwa okungasebenzi) ku-Menieres (bheka iphepha elisemqoka elibizwa ngokuthi Old and New in Menieres, elibhalwe ngu-N. Torok), lolu kwelapha lusasala lungafakazelwanga."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-181", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Yini indlela engcono yokwelapha ngezinto zemvelo umfana oneminyaka eyi-7 one-ADHD (isifo sokungakwazi ukugxila nokuhlala unganyakazi)? Ngaphandle kwemithi eyanyelwe ngudokotela?", "label": "Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelashwa ngokwengqondo zisetshenziswa ku-ADHD (isifo sokuphazamiseka ekugxileni nasekuziphatheni). Ukwelashwa ngokwesimo sokuphila kuhlose ukusiza ingane ukuba ishintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwayo. Kungahlanganisa ukusizwa ngezinto eziphathekayo, njengokusiza ukuhlela imisebenzi noma ukuqeda umsebenzi wesikole, noma ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima ngokomzwelo. Ukwelashwa ngokwesimo sokuphila kuphinde kufundise ingane ukuba iqaphe indlela yokuziphatha kwayo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-182", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Izolo ngiqaphele isixuku esikhulu samabala abomvu amancane afana nezindawo zokuthonjiswa ngaphansi kwesilevu sami (hhayi entanyeni). Muva nje bengiziphoqa ukuhlanza ngamabomu. Ngiyazi ukuthi i-Petechiae (amabala amancane egazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba) ingabangelwa ukuhlanza kodwa kungenzeka yini ukuthi lokhu kubangele amabala abe ngaphansi kwesilevu?", "label": "Amabala amancane egazi (ama-petechiae) ajwayelekile futhi angakhombisa izimo eziningi, kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Imithambolukhalo emincane kakhulu yegazi ixhumanisa izingxenye ezincane kakhulu zezinsika zakho zegazi nezingxenye ezincane kakhulu zemithambo yakho yegazi. Amabala amancane egazi avela uma imithambolukhalo emincane kakhulu yegazi ipohloka, igazi liphuma lingene ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Izinto eziningi zingabangela lokhu kuphuma kwegazi, okuhlanganisa: Ukucindezeleka okuyisikhathi eside (njengokugubha kakhulu) Izimo ezithile zezempilo Izinhlobo ezithile zokulimala komzimba Imithi Ukulimala nokushiswa yilanga Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho ithola amabala amancane egazi angaziwa noma amaningi emzimbeni. Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela, njengoba ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zingaba yingozi enkulu empilweni."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-183", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe kukhona indlela esingayisebenzisa yokudamba amakhakhayi amaningi kakhulu?", "label": "Amaqhinga okusiza ukususa uketshezi emaphashini akho\n\nBuza umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngezindlela ezahlukene zokukusiza ukukhwehlela uketshezi. I-Acapella™ kanye ne-Flutter® izinsiza ezimbili eziphatshwa ngezandla ezisiza ukususa uketshezi emaphashini. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza kuzokwenza kube lula ukususa uketshezi emaphashini.\n\nUkukhwehlela kwe-HUFF: Indlela yokuphefumulela ngaphandle ngamandla\n• Phinda lo mshikashika kabili kuya kane.\n• Khafula uketshezi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-184", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ingabe i-diverticulosis noma i-diverticulitis ingabonakala nge-CT scan uma kungekho isifo esithelelanayo ngaleso sikhathi?", "label": "Ukuhlolwa Nezivivinyo Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokuhlola. Ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubona uma unesifo esithathelanayo. Ezinye izivivinyo ezisiza ukubona i-diverticulitis zingabandakanya:\n\n• CT scan (ukuskena okujulile)\n• Ultrasound yesisu (ukuhlolwa kwesisu ngamagagasi omsindo)\n• Ama-X-ray esisu (izithombe zokukhanya zesisu)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-185", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sawubona mnumzane/nkosikazi. Umama wami uhlaselwe isifo sezindawo eziningi ezivimbelekile ekhanda (Multiple brain infarcts), ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi ingabe inhlangano yenu ehloniphekile yezempilo inalo yini ukwelashwa kwalokhu. Ngiyathokoza", "label": "Ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa? Akukho ukwelashwa okutholakalayo ukubuyisela umonakalo wengqondo odalwe ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ebhekiswe ebuchosheni (i-stroke). Ukwelashwa kugxila ekuvimbeleni i-stroke esikhathini esizayo ngokulawula noma ukugwema izifo nezimo zezokwelapha ezibeka abantu ebungozini obuphezulu bayo: umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-high blood pressure), isifo sikashukela (i-diabetes), amafutha egazini aphezulu (i-high cholesterol), kanye nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (i-cardiovascular disease). Ukwelashwa okungcono kwe-MID (Multi-infarct dementia) ukuvimbela kusekusha empilweni - ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca, ukungabhemi, ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisiwe, kanye nokugcina isisindo somzimba esiphilile."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-186", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifuna ubufakazi bakamuva obusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni mayelana nemihlahlandlela yokuhlola nokwelapha ukuphuma kotshwala kanye ne-opiate. Ngiyabonga.", "label": "Iziguli ezibonisa izimpawu ezincane zokudabuka otshwaleni zingalashwa njengeziguli zangaphandle, uma nje kungekho izimo ezingaphansi ezidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Iziguli ezibonisa izimpawu eziphakathi nendawo noma ezinzima zokudabuka otshwaleni kanye ne-delirium tremens zidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela nokucatshangelwa kokufakwa eWadini Yokunakekelwa Okujulile (ICU). Imithi yokudambisa nokuletha ubuthongo iyiyona yokuqala ekhethwayo yokwelapha i-sindromu yokudabuka otshwaleni ngoba iyimithi ebekezelelana nesinye nesilandelayo esilawula imisebenzi ye-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) emzimbeni. Le mithi ivame ukufaka phakathi ama-benzodiazepine, ama-barbiturate (imithi yokudambisa umzimba), i-propofol (umuthi wokulalisa), kanye (kwezinye izimo ezimbalwa) utshwala."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-187", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Angikwazi ukudla, ngilahlekelwe amakilogramu ayishumi nesithupha. Anginagazi elivuzayo. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha kungangisiza? Angikwazi ngisho nokuphuza ibhiya elilula, anginakuphuza itiye noma ikhofi. Sengikhathele kakhulu. Bengihlale ngizigcina ngisempilweni. Ngidle ihemu nesaladi nama-chips (izambane eziqinile), kwadingeka ngiphalaze. Bengingamakilogramu angama-57, manje sengingama-44. Sengingunombolo 8 ekugqokeni manje, bengiyinombolo 14. Ngizoba ngcono? Kukhona ukwelapha? Senginakho lokhu izinyanga eziningi. Sengiyekile ukuphuza amaphilisi, angisakholelwa ezintweni. Ngizoba nje impilo yami yonke?", "label": "Ukulahlekelwa isisindo - ngokungahlosiwe\n\nUkulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazekile kuyehla kwesisindo somzimba, uma ungazazamanga ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokwakho. Abantu abaningi bayakhuphuka futhi behle esisindweni phakathi nonyaka. Ukulahlekelwa amaphawundi ayi-10 NOMA 5% wesisindo sakho esijwayelekile somzimba phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kwezi-12 noma ngaphansi, futhi ungazi isizathu. Le nkinga ingabizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungahlosiwe.\n\nImbangela\n\nUkulahlekelwa inkanuko yokudla kungabangelwa:\n• Ukuzizwa udangele\n• Umdlavuza, ngisho noma kungekho izimpawu ezinye\n• Ukutheleleka okubambekayo njengegciwane le-AIDS\n• Ukugula okubambekayo, njenge-COPD (isifo esibambekayo sokuphefumula) noma isifo sikaPakinsoni (isifo sokukhinyabeza)\n• Imithi, kufaka phakathi nemithi ye-chemotherapy, nemithi yeglandula yethayiroidi\n• Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa njenge-amphetamine ne-cocaine\n• Ukucindezeleka noma ukwesaba\n\nIzinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla ezibambekayo ezinciphisa inani lama-calorie nokondla umzimba wakho owatholayo, kufaka phakathi:\n• Uhudo nokusuleleka okunye okuthatha isikhathi eside, njengezikhukhulwane\n• Ukuvuvukala okubambekayo noma ukutheleleka kwephankreyasi\n• Ukususwa kwengxenye yesitho sokuya ngaphansi\n• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidambisi\n\nEzinye izizathu:\n• Izifo zokudla, i-anorexia nervosa engakabonwa\n• Isifo sikashukela esingakabonwa\n• Iglandula yethayiroidi esebenza ngokweqile\n\nOkungenzeka ekhaya\n\nUdokotela wakho anganikeza izeluleko mayelana noguquko ekudleni nasekuzilolongeni kwakho kuye ngembangela yokulahlekelwa kwakho isisindo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-188", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngilympoma. Yini imbangela yomunyu ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okulwa nomdlavuza?", "label": "Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali — Iningi leziguli ezilashwa nge-R-CHOP lithola imiphumela emibi, okuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:\n\n● Umkhuhlane namazinga aphansi wegazi — Umphumela omubi ongaba yingozi empilweni wokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali umkhuhlane namazinga aphansi esitho esimhlophe segazi, esibizwa ngokuthi i-neutrophils (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-febrile neutropenia, okusho ukushisa okuhambisana namazinga aphansi ama-neutrophils). Noma ubani othola ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi uthola izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-100.4°F noma 38°C (okulingana nama-digirii angu-38 ngomumo waseNingizimu Afrika) kufanele ashayele ngokushesha umhlinzeki wakhe wezempilo. Lesi simo siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile kudingeka ukungena esibhedlela nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics ngomthambo (IV).\n\n● Isicabucabu nokuphalaza — Cishe iziguli ezingu-30 kuya ku-90 ekhulwini zithola isicabucabu nokuphalaza ngemva kwe-R-CHOP. Imithi eminingana inganikezwa ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa ubunzima balezi zimpawu. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa i-dexamethasone ne-aprepitant (Emend), kanye nomuthi ovimbela izimpawu zokuphalaza obizwa nge-5-HT3 receptor antagonist (isibonelo, i-ondansetron/Zofran, i-granisetron/Kytril, i-dolasetron/Anzemet, i-palonosetron/Aloxi, noma i-tropisetron/Navoban).\n\n● Ukubamba okuphezulu — Ukubamba okuphezulu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kunikezwa umuthi wokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma i-immunotherapy. Lokhu kungabangela ukubomba; ukuluma; ubuhlungu besifuba, bemuva noma besisu; umkhuhlane; isicabucabu; isiyezi; nezinye izimpawu. Akucaci ukuthi lolu hlobo lokusabela lwenzeka ngani. Imithi eminingana ivame ukunikezwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa ubunzima balezi zimpawu. Le mithi ihlanganisa i-acetaminophen (Tylenol), i-diphenhydramine (Benadryl), i-hydrocortisone (i-steroid), kanye nomuthi wokunciphisa i-asidi yesisu, njenge-ranitidine (Zantac).\n\n● I-Tumor lysis syndrome — I-Tumor lysis syndrome (isimo sokubhidlika kwamadlavuza okusheshayo) isimo esiyingozi, esingaba yingozi empilweni esingenzeka ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Kwenzeka ngoba amaseli wamdlavuza afa ngokushesha bese ekhipha imikhiqizo yokuqhekeka enobungozi emithanjeni yegazi. Izimpawu zingahlanganisa isicabucabu, ukuphalaza, uhudo, ukungabi nentshisekelo yokudla, ukukhathala, igazi emchaMweni, izinkinga zenhliziyo, ukuwa, amakhetho ezinyama, nokunye. Ukwelashwa kokuvikela kuvame ukunikezwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa ubungozi balesi simo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikezwa kwamanzi we-IV nemithi ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ukuqapha lesi simo.\n\n● Ezinye izinkinga ezingenzeka — Ezinye izinkinga ezingenzeka zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali zihlanganisa ukulimala kwenhliziyo (okubizwa ngokuthi i-cardiotoxicity) noma ukulimala kwemizwa (okubizwa ngokuthi i-neurotoxicity). Kungaphinde kube nokulahlekelwa yikhono lokuba nezingane (ukungabi nanzalo). Lezi zingozi, kanye nezindlela zokulawula noma ukuqapha zona, kufanele kuxoxwe ngakho nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-189", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Uma umuntu esebenzise i-morphine iminyaka eminingi (10) ukwelapha ubuhlungu, futhi ebonisa izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane zokungakwazi ukucabanga noma ukuxhumana, njengomngane othandayo, ungakwazi yini ukungilinganisela/ungibalele ukuthi lesi simo esibuhlungu kakhulu ababhekene naso singathatha isikhathi esingakanani? Isonto elilodwa, unyaka owodwa?", "label": "\"Ngizwe ukuthi i-Morphine inezinhlangothi eziningi ezimbi, futhi sengizizwa ngingaphilile kakade.\" Zonke izidakamizwa eziyiopiodi (ezifana ne-Morphine) zingabanga isicabucabu, ukozela kanye nokubhitsha. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlangothi ezimbi zijwayele ukuma emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela umuthi, futhi ukubhitsha kungalashwa kalula ngokushesha."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-190", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakalayo?", "label": "Akukho ukwelashwa kwefibromyalgia (isifo sezinhlungu emzimbeni), kodwa imithi ingakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho. Ukulala ngokwanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokudla kahle kungabuye kusize."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-191", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngicela uphakamise udokotela oyingcweti ongameluleka ngokwelashwa.", "label": "Thola udokotela we-ACFAS (American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-192", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ubaba wami oneminyaka engu-65 unokubuhlungu okungapheli emilenzeni, okwenza asebenzise umuthi", "label": "Ubuhlungu bomkhono bungabangelwa ukuqanjelwa kwezicubu (okubizwa ngokuthi i-charley horse). Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokuqanjwa zibandakanya:\n\nUkuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuba phansi kwezinga le-potassium, i-sodium, i-calcium, noma i-magnesium egazini\nImithi (njenge-diuretics ne-statins)\nUkukhathala kwezicubu noma ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu, ukuzivocavoca kakhulu, noma ukugcina izicubu zime ndawonye isikhathi eside\n\nUkunakekelwa Ekhaya\nUma unokubuhlungu emkhonweni ngenxa yokuqanjwa noma ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, qala ngalezi zinyathelo:\n\nPhumula kakhulu ngokusemandleni.\nPhakamisa umlenze wakho.\nFaka iqhwa imizuzu engafiki ku-15. Yenza lokhu izikhathi ezine ngosuku, kaningi ezinsukwini zokuqala.\nNweba kancane uphinde umasajise izicubu eziqanjiwe.\nPhuza imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu engathengiwe njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen.\n\nUkunakekelwa okunye kwekhaya kuzothembela esizathwini sobuhlungu bakho emkhonweni.\n\nNini Lapho Kumele Uxhumane Nochwepheshe Wezempilo\nShayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma:\n\nUmlenze obuhlungu uvuvukele noma ubomvu.\nUnomkhuhlane.\nUbuhlungu bakho buya baba bubi uma uhamba noma uzivocavoca futhi bube ngcono uma uphumula.\nUmlenze umnyama futhi uluhlaza.\nUmlenze ubanda futhi umhlophe.\nUphuza imithi engase ibange ubuhlungu emkhonweni.\nIzinyathelo zokunakekela wena uqobo azisizi.\n\nUNGAYEKI ukuphuza noma ukushintsha noma iyiphi imithi yakho ngaphandle kokuxoxa nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-193", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "izindlela ezingasebenzisi imithi zokuzivikela nokuthoba izimpawu zokuphela kwesikhathi sokuthomba", "label": "Kukhona izindlela ezahlukene zokusiza ukwelapha izimpawu zokushuba kwezinsuku zokuphela kwesikhathi sokuba sezinsukwini (ukushuba). I-National Institute on Aging, noma iSikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuguga, sinikeza ulwazi olunzulu ngezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ukushuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iHhovisi Lezempilo Yabesifazane le-Department of Health and Human Service nalo linikeza ulwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho. Izigaba ezingezansi zinikeza olunye ulwazi olwengeziwe."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-194", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Amashashazi esikhathi athuthukela ekugqwaleni kwesitho sangasese. Bese kuthuthuka isifo sommbila esineketshezi elimhlophe eliqinile. Ngibe sengiphuza i-flucanazole (umuthi wokulwa nezilwanyana ezincane) okwelapha lokhu. Kodwa ngikhathazekile ngokuphuza imithi ye-allopathic (imithi yaseNtshonalanga). Ngicela ungitshele ukuthi yimaphi amasiko okwelapha engingawasebenzisa ukugwema lokhu. Ngiphinde ngibe nesikhumba esinezinkenenkene.", "label": "Ngingayivikela kanjani i-yeast infection (ukutheleleka okubangwa yi-yeast)? Ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa amathuba okuthola i-yeast infection: •Ungakwenzi ukugeza ngaphakathi kwesitho sangasese. Ukugeza ngaphakathi kususa amanye amabacteria ajwayelekile esithweni sangasese esikuvikela ekuthelelekeni. •Ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo yabesifazane enephunga, kufaka phakathi nobhafu onephunga, izifutho, amaphedisi, namatampons. •Shintsha amatampons, amaphedisi, namamapanti layina njalo. •Ungagqoki izicathulo ezincane kakhulu, amapantyhose, amabhulukwe, noma amajini. Lokhu kungakhuphula ukushisa komzimba nokufudumala esithweni sakho sangasese. •Gqoka izingubo zangaphansi ezine-cotton crotch. Izingubo zangaphansi ze-cotton zikusiza ukuthi uhlale womile futhi azigcini ukushisa nokufudumala. •Shintsha masinyane uma ungaphuma emanzini noma emva kokuzivocavoca. •Emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, hlala usula usuka phambili uye emuva. •Gwema amahot tub namabhavu ashisayo kakhulu. •Uma unesifo sikashukela, qiniseka ukuthi i-blood sugar yakho ikulawulekile. Ingabe iyogathi ivimbela noma yelaphela i-yeast infection? Mhlawumbe. Izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ukudla ama-ounce ayisishiyagalombili eyogathi ene-\"live cultures\" nsuku zonke noma ukuthatha amaphilisi e-Lactobacillus acidophilus (uhlobo lwama-bacteria alungile) kungasiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.5,6 Kodwa, ucwaningo oluningi lusadingeka ukwenziwa ukuze kuthiwe ngokuqinisekile uma iyogathi ene-Lactobacillus noma ezinye i-probiotics zingavikela noma zelaphele i-yeast infection yesitho sangasese sabesifazane. Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-yeast infection, bona udokotela noma unesi wakho ukuze uqiniseke ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ongadinga incwadi kadokotela."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-195", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mnumzane ohloniphekile,\n\nNgokuzithoba ngifisa ukubonga ngokwenza le webhusayithi. NginguSunil waseNdiya futhi ngifuna ukuzisiza ngawe, ngicela ungisize mnumzane, ngizokubonga kakhulu (uxolo mnumzane isiNgisi sami asihle kakhulu).\n\nUkuziphathaphatha kuyisiko lami, kuyinto okungavumelekile. Mnumzane, manje sengikhathele, ngifuna ukuzishintsha. Ngicela mnumzane unginike izincomo ezithile...\n\nLesi yisimilo esibi empilweni yami kodwa futhi ngingumfundi ohlabahlosile kusukela ngonyaka odlule... ... ... ... Ngiyakhala... Uxolo... Ngicela ungisize mnumzane, ngicela ungiphendule ku-id ye-imeyili yami... Futhi ungifisele inhlanhla.\n\nNgiyazi unenhliziyo yegolide...", "label": "Beka usuku lokubonana nodokotela wakho nomphakathi noma nini uma unemibuzo mayelana nokudlala ngocansi noma ezinye izindaba zocansi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-196", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Mnumzane, NGISIZE UKUNQOBA UKUPHUMA KWAMOYA EMATHUNJINI NGOKUNGAPHELI (UKUBHODLA NJALO) Ngiphethwe yilokhu okungenhla unyaka wonke manje. Ngicela ungisize ngezixazululo zezokwelapha zokwelapha. Ngiyabonga", "label": "Umswani eziswini uvela emithonjeni emibili: umoya owugwinyayo kanye nokubola kokudla okungagayekile okwenziwa amagciwane emathunjini amakhulu (ikholo). Ukudla okuthile kungabanga umswani. Ukudla okubanga umswani kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungabangi umswani komunye. Unganciphisa umswani onawo ngokuthi   • Uphuze amanzi amaningi neziphuzo ezingenagesi   • Udle kancane ukuze ungagwinyi umoya omningi uma udla   • Ugweme imikhiqizo yobisi uma unenkinga yokungakwazi ukugaya ilakthosi   Imithi ingasiza ukunciphisa umswani noma ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okubangwa umswani. Uma izimpawu zakho zisaqhubeka zikukhathaza, bona udokotela wakho."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-197", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Sidinga ukwelashwa kwesifo sokungaqiniseki. Ubaba wami ulahlekelwa ukuqiniseka ngenkathi ehamba noma egibela izitebhisi, ngakho-ke sicela, ngakho-ke sicela usisize ekulapheni lesi sifo.", "label": "Zilaphwa kanjani izifo zokungalingani? Into yokuqala udokotela azoyenza uma unenkinga yokungalingani ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kunesifo esinye sezempilo noma umuthi obangela lokhu. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho uzokulapha leso sifo, aphakamise umuthi ohlukile, noma akudlulisele kososayensi uma leso sifo singaphandle kolwazi lwakhe.\n\nUma une-BPPV (isifo sokuzulazula okubangwa ukushintsha kwesikhundla sekhanda), udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi wenze uhla lweminyakazo elula, njenge-Epley maneuver (uhlelo lweminyakazo yokwelapha), engasiza ukukhipha ama-otoconia (amatshe amancane endlebeni) esitubeni esiyisiyingi. Ezimweni eziningi, iseshini eyodwa iyasebenza. Abanye abantu badinga inqubo kaningana ukuze kwelaphere isiyezi sabo.\n\nIsithombe 1: Indlebe kanye nohlelo lwe-vestibular (ingxenye yendlebe ebhekene nokulingana komzimba)\nUkukhipha ama-otoconia kusetshenziswa i-Epley maneuver\nIsiqinisekiso: NIDCD\n\nUma utholakala une-Ménière's disease (isifo sendlebe sangaphakathi), udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi wenze ezinye izinguquko ekudleni kwakho futhi, uma ubhema, ukuthi uyeke ukubhema. Imithi yokulwa nesiyezi noma yokulwa nokubuyisa ingasiza izimpawu zakho, kodwa ingakwenza uphathwe ubuthongo.\n\nEminye imithi, njenge-gentamicin (umuthi wokubulala amagciwane) noma ama-corticosteroids (imithi yokwehlisa ukuvuvukala) ingasetshenziswa. Yize i-gentamicin inganciphisa isiyezi ngcono kunama-corticosteroids, ngesinye isikhathi ibangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungapheli. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima ze-Ménière's disease, ukuhlinzwa kwezitho ze-vestibular kungadingeka.\n\nAbanye abantu abanesifo sokungalingani bangeke bakwazi ukwelapha ngokugcwele isiyezi sabo futhi bazodinga ukuthola izindlela zokubhekana naso. Umteraphi wokuvuselela i-vestibular angakusiza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokulapha oluzimele.\n\nKhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ingabe kuphephile yini ukushayela, kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi bakho bokuwa nokuzilimaza ngesikhathi wenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwenyuka noma ukwehla izitebhisi, ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese, noma ukuzilolonga.\n\nUkuze unciphise ubungozi bakho bokulimala ngenxa yesiyezi:\n- Gwema ukuhamba ebumnyameni.\n- Gqoka izicathulo ezinensinzwa ephansi noma izicathulo zokuhamba ngaphandle.\n- Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa ukhashana noma i-walker.\n- Guqula izimo ekhaya lakho nasendaweni yokusebenza, njengokuthi ufake izibambo zokubamba."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-198", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Kuba njani ukubuyela esimweni ngemuva kwesifo sohlangothi (i-stroke)?", "label": "Okungenzeka (Okulindelekile)\n\nUkuthi umuntu uyaphila kanjani emva kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kuncike:\n\n    • Uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi\n    • Ukuthi mangakanani amasosha obuhlalu bobuchopho alimele\n    • Yiziphi izinhlaka zomzimba ezithintekile\n    • Ukushesha kokuthola ukwelashwa\n\nIzinkinga zokuhamba, ukucabanga, nokukhuluma zivame ukuthuthuka emasontweni noma ezinyangeni emva kwe-stroke. Abantu abaningi abake baba ne-stroke bayaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni emva kwe-stroke yabo. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-50 abantu ababa ne-stroke bayakwazi ukusebenza nokuhlala emakhaya. Abanye abakwazi ukunakekela bona.\n\nUma ukwelashwa ngamakhambi okuhlakazela amahluli egazi kuphumelela, izimpawu ze-stroke zingashabalala. Kodwa-ke, iziguli zivame ukungafiki esibhedlela ngokushesha okwanele ukuthola lawa makhambi, noma zingakwazi ukuwathatha ngenxa yesimo sezempilo.\n\nAbantu ababa ne-stroke ngenxa yokuqina kwegazi (i-stroke yokuvaleka kwemithambo) banamathuba amahle okuphila kunalabo ababa ne-stroke ngenxa kokopha ebuchosheni (i-stroke yokopha).\n\nIngozi yokuba ne-stroke yesibili iphakeme kakhulu emasontweni noma ezinyangeni emva kwe-stroke yokuqala. Ingozi iqala ukuncipha emva kwalesi sikhathi."}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-199", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ubani udokotela wezo wamahlone oqeqeshiwe nogunyaziwe oseduzane noma endaweni yase-Nashville, TN owenza ukuhlinzwa kwe-strabismus (ukuphambana kwamehlo). Ngicela ukhombise udokotela onobuchwepheshe nothembekile owenza lolu hlobo oluthile lokuhlinza.", "label": "Thola udokotela oqeqeshelwe amehlo (i-American Academy of Ophthalmology - inhlangano yodokotela bamehlo base-Melika)"}
{"id": "liveqa-zu-200", "task": "QA", "source": "LiveQA", "text": "Ngifisa ukuthola olunye ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha i-hiatal hernia kanye nokuphuma kweasidi esinyeni. Sengikhathele yi-Nexium (umuthi wokuhlanza isisu).", "label": "UKWELASHWA KWE-REFLUX Isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux selashwa ngokwebanga lobungozi baso esiphimbeni (umphimbo)."}