tools/render/blender_scene_renderer.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Blender Scene Renderer - 用于渲染完整的 3D 场景（GLB 文件）

支持多种视角:
- diagonal: 斜角俯视图
- topdown: 俯视图
- front: 正面视图

Usage:
    blender --background --python blender_scene_renderer.py -- \
        --input scene.glb --output render.png --view-mode diagonal

    或者直接运行（需要 bpy 包）:
    python blender_scene_renderer.py --input scene.glb --output render.png --view-mode diagonal
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import math
import os
import sys
from typing import Tuple

try:
    import bpy
    from mathutils import Matrix, Vector
    HAS_BPY = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_BPY = False
    print("Warning: bpy not available. This script requires Blender.")


def reset_scene() -> None:
    """清空场景"""
    bpy.ops.wm.read_factory_settings(use_empty=True)


def import_glb(filepath: str):
    """导入 GLB 文件"""
    if not os.path.exists(filepath):
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Input GLB not found: {filepath}")
    
    reset_scene()
    bpy.ops.import_scene.gltf(filepath=filepath)
    imported = list(bpy.context.selected_objects)
    if not imported:
        raise RuntimeError(f"No objects imported from {filepath}")
    return imported


def compute_bounds(objects) -> Tuple[Vector, Vector, Vector, float]:
    """计算所有 mesh 对象的边界框"""
    min_corner = Vector((float("inf"), float("inf"), float("inf")))
    max_corner = Vector((float("-inf"), float("-inf"), float("-inf")))
    
    has_mesh = False
    for obj in objects:
        if obj.type != "MESH":
            continue
        has_mesh = True
        for vertex in obj.bound_box:
            world_corner = obj.matrix_world @ Vector(vertex)
            min_corner.x = min(min_corner.x, world_corner.x)
            min_corner.y = min(min_corner.y, world_corner.y)
            min_corner.z = min(min_corner.z, world_corner.z)
            max_corner.x = max(max_corner.x, world_corner.x)
            max_corner.y = max(max_corner.y, world_corner.y)
            max_corner.z = max(max_corner.z, world_corner.z)
    
    if not has_mesh:
        min_corner = Vector((-5, -5, 0))
        max_corner = Vector((5, 5, 3))
    
    center = (min_corner + max_corner) * 0.5
    extent = max_corner - min_corner
    radius = extent.length / 2.0
    
    return min_corner, max_corner, center, max(radius, 0.5)


def setup_camera_diagonal(center: Vector, radius: float, distance_factor: float = 2.5) -> None:
    """设置斜角俯视相机"""
    camera = bpy.data.objects.get("SceneCamera")
    if camera is None:
        camera_data = bpy.data.cameras.new("SceneCamera")
        camera = bpy.data.objects.new("SceneCamera", camera_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(camera)
    
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera
    
    # 斜角: azimuth=45°, elevation=35°
    azimuth_rad = math.radians(45)
    elevation_rad = math.radians(35)
    distance = radius * distance_factor
    
    x = center.x + distance * math.cos(elevation_rad) * math.cos(azimuth_rad)
    y = center.y + distance * math.cos(elevation_rad) * math.sin(azimuth_rad)
    z = center.z + distance * math.sin(elevation_rad)
    
    camera.location = Vector((x, y, z))
    
    direction = center - camera.location
    if direction.length > 1e-6:
        direction.normalize()
        quat = direction.to_track_quat("-Z", "Y")
        camera.rotation_euler = quat.to_euler()
    
    camera.data.type = "PERSP"
    camera.data.lens = 35.0
    camera.data.clip_start = 0.01
    camera.data.clip_end = radius * 100.0


def setup_camera_topdown(center: Vector, radius: float, distance_factor: float = 2.0) -> None:
    """设置俯视相机"""
    camera = bpy.data.objects.get("SceneCamera")
    if camera is None:
        camera_data = bpy.data.cameras.new("SceneCamera")
        camera = bpy.data.objects.new("SceneCamera", camera_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(camera)
    
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera
    
    # 正上方
    distance = radius * distance_factor
    camera.location = Vector((center.x, center.y, center.z + distance))
    
    # 向下看
    camera.rotation_euler = (0, 0, 0)  # 正下方
    
    # 使用正交相机以获得更清晰的俯视图
    camera.data.type = "ORTHO"
    camera.data.ortho_scale = radius * 2.5
    camera.data.clip_start = 0.01
    camera.data.clip_end = distance * 3.0


def setup_camera_front(center: Vector, radius: float, distance_factor: float = 2.5) -> None:
    """设置正面相机"""
    camera = bpy.data.objects.get("SceneCamera")
    if camera is None:
        camera_data = bpy.data.cameras.new("SceneCamera")
        camera = bpy.data.objects.new("SceneCamera", camera_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(camera)
    
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera
    
    # 正面稍微偏高
    distance = radius * distance_factor
    camera.location = Vector((center.x, center.y - distance, center.z + radius * 0.3))
    
    direction = center - camera.location
    if direction.length > 1e-6:
        direction.normalize()
        quat = direction.to_track_quat("-Z", "Y")
        camera.rotation_euler = quat.to_euler()
    
    camera.data.type = "PERSP"
    camera.data.lens = 35.0
    camera.data.clip_start = 0.01
    camera.data.clip_end = radius * 100.0


def setup_lighting(center: Vector, radius: float) -> None:
    """设置灯光"""
    # 主光源 (太阳)
    key_light = bpy.data.objects.get("KeyLight")
    if key_light is None:
        key_data = bpy.data.lights.new("KeyLight", type="SUN")
        key_light = bpy.data.objects.new("KeyLight", key_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(key_light)
    
    key_light.location = center + Vector((radius * 2, -radius * 2, radius * 4))
    key_light.data.energy = 3.0
    key_light.data.color = (1.0, 0.98, 0.95)
    
    # 补光
    fill_light = bpy.data.objects.get("FillLight")
    if fill_light is None:
        fill_data = bpy.data.lights.new("FillLight", type="SUN")
        fill_light = bpy.data.objects.new("FillLight", fill_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(fill_light)
    
    fill_light.location = center + Vector((-radius * 2, radius, radius * 3))
    fill_light.data.energy = 1.5
    fill_light.data.color = (0.9, 0.95, 1.0)
    
    # 背光
    back_light = bpy.data.objects.get("BackLight")
    if back_light is None:
        back_data = bpy.data.lights.new("BackLight", type="SUN")
        back_light = bpy.data.objects.new("BackLight", back_data)
        bpy.context.collection.objects.link(back_light)
    
    back_light.location = center + Vector((0, radius * 2, radius * 3))
    back_light.data.energy = 2.0


def setup_world() -> None:
    """设置世界环境"""
    scene = bpy.context.scene
    if scene.world is None:
        scene.world = bpy.data.worlds.new("SceneWorld")
    
    world = scene.world
    world.use_nodes = True
    nodes = world.node_tree.nodes
    
    background_node = nodes.get("Background")
    if background_node is None:
        background_node = nodes.new(type="ShaderNodeBackground")
    
    # 浅灰色背景
    background_node.inputs[0].default_value = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1.0)
    background_node.inputs[1].default_value = 1.0


def setup_render_settings(width: int, height: int, samples: int, engine: str = "EEVEE") -> None:
    """配置渲染设置"""
    scene = bpy.context.scene
    render = scene.render
    
    render.resolution_x = width
    render.resolution_y = height
    render.resolution_percentage = 100
    
    available_engines = {item.identifier for item in render.bl_rna.properties["engine"].enum_items}
    
    # Check if we're in headless mode (no display or software rendering)
    is_headless = (
        os.environ.get("LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE") == "1" or
        not os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or
        os.environ.get("BLENDER_HEADLESS") == "1"
    )
    
    # Force Cycles CPU in headless mode since EEVEE requires GPU
    if is_headless and engine == "EEVEE":
        print("Headless mode detected, switching from EEVEE to Cycles CPU")
        engine = "CYCLES"
    
    if engine == "CYCLES" and "CYCLES" in available_engines:
        render.engine = "CYCLES"
        scene.cycles.samples = samples
        scene.cycles.use_denoising = True
        
        # In headless mode, force CPU rendering
        if is_headless:
            print("Using Cycles CPU rendering for headless environment")
            scene.cycles.device = "CPU"
        else:
            try:
                bpy.context.preferences.addons["cycles"].preferences.compute_device_type = "CUDA"
                bpy.context.preferences.addons["cycles"].preferences.get_devices()
                for device in bpy.context.preferences.addons["cycles"].preferences.devices:
                    device.use = True
                scene.cycles.device = "GPU"
            except:
                scene.cycles.device = "CPU"
    elif not is_headless and "BLENDER_EEVEE_NEXT" in available_engines:
        render.engine = "BLENDER_EEVEE_NEXT"
    elif not is_headless and "BLENDER_EEVEE" in available_engines:
        render.engine = "BLENDER_EEVEE"
    elif "CYCLES" in available_engines:
        # Fallback to Cycles CPU
        render.engine = "CYCLES"
        scene.cycles.samples = samples
        scene.cycles.use_denoising = True
        scene.cycles.device = "CPU"
    
    render.image_settings.file_format = "PNG"
    render.image_settings.color_mode = "RGBA"  # Support transparent background
    render.image_settings.color_depth = "8"
    render.film_transparent = True  # Enable transparent background
    
    print(f"Render engine: {render.engine}, Device: {getattr(scene.cycles, 'device', 'N/A')}")


def render_scene(
    glb_path: str,
    output_path: str,
    view_mode: str = "diagonal",
    width: int = 1600,
    height: int = 900,
    samples: int = 64,
    engine: str = "EEVEE"
) -> bool:
    """
    渲染场景。
    
    Args:
        glb_path: 输入 GLB 文件路径
        output_path: 输出图片路径
        view_mode: 视角模式 (diagonal, topdown, front)
        width: 图片宽度
        height: 图片高度
        samples: 渲染采样数
        engine: 渲染引擎 (EEVEE, CYCLES)
    
    Returns:
        是否成功
    """
    # 导入场景
    objects = import_glb(glb_path)
    
    # 计算边界
    min_corner, max_corner, center, radius = compute_bounds(objects)
    
    print(f"Scene bounds: min={min_corner}, max={max_corner}")
    print(f"Scene center: {center}, radius: {radius}")
    
    # 设置场景
    setup_lighting(center, radius)
    setup_world()
    setup_render_settings(width, height, samples, engine)
    
    # 设置相机
    if view_mode == "topdown":
        setup_camera_topdown(center, radius)
    elif view_mode == "front":
        setup_camera_front(center, radius)
    else:  # diagonal
        setup_camera_diagonal(center, radius)
    
    # 渲染
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(output_path)), exist_ok=True)
    bpy.context.scene.render.filepath = output_path
    bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True)
    
    if os.path.exists(output_path):
        print(f"Rendered: {output_path}")
        return True
    else:
        print(f"Failed to render: {output_path}")
        return False


def main():
    # 解析参数（Blender 命令行模式）
    if "--" in sys.argv:
        argv = sys.argv[sys.argv.index("--") + 1:]
    else:
        argv = sys.argv[1:]
    
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Render 3D scene using Blender")
    parser.add_argument("--input", required=True, help="Input GLB file path")
    parser.add_argument("--output", required=True, help="Output image path")
    parser.add_argument("--view-mode", type=str, default="diagonal",
                        choices=["diagonal", "topdown", "front"],
                        help="Camera view mode")
    parser.add_argument("--width", type=int, default=1600, help="Image width")
    parser.add_argument("--height", type=int, default=900, help="Image height")
    parser.add_argument("--samples", type=int, default=64, help="Render samples")
    parser.add_argument("--engine", type=str, default="EEVEE",
                        choices=["EEVEE", "CYCLES"],
                        help="Render engine")
    
    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
    
    if not HAS_BPY:
        print("Error: bpy module not available. Run this script with Blender.")
        print("Usage: blender --background --python blender_scene_renderer.py -- --input scene.glb --output render.png")
        sys.exit(1)
    
    try:
        success = render_scene(
            args.input,
            args.output,
            args.view_mode,
            args.width,
            args.height,
            args.samples,
            args.engine
        )
        if not success:
            sys.exit(1)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()