Question: Small increases in average temperature translate to big increases in the number of extremely hot days, and those hot days have a big impact.

The main impact of global warming on the weather is an increase in extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, cyclones, blizzards and rainstorms.


Question: Small increases in average temperature translate to big increases in the number of extremely hot days, and those hot days have a big impact.

"Impacts [of climate change] will very likely increase due to increased frequencies and intensities of some extreme weather events".


Question: Small increases in average temperature translate to big increases in the number of extremely hot days, and those hot days have a big impact.

Future climate change will include more very hot days and fewer very cold days.


Question: Small increases in average temperature translate to big increases in the number of extremely hot days, and those hot days have a big impact.

Climate change is predicted to increase frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as extreme heat.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

It is important to understand the various types of Antarctic ice to understand possible effects on sea levels and the implications of global cooling.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

However, it is the outflow of the ice from the land to form the ice shelf which causes a rise in global sea level.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft).


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

Warming beyond the 2 °C (3.6 °F) target potentially lead to rates of sea-level rise dominated by ice loss from Antarctica.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

However scientists have found that ice is being lost, and at an accelerating rate.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

"Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise".


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

"Reassessment of the Potential Sea-Level Rise from a Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet".


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

Some land masses are moving up or down as a consequence of subsidence (land sinking or settling) or post-glacial rebound (land rising due to the loss of the weight of ice after melting), so that local sea level rise may be higher or lower than the global average.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice, sea ice around Antarctica has been expanding as of 2013[update].


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

The acceleration of the rate of retreat since 1995 of key outlet glaciers of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets may foreshadow a rise in sea level, which would affect coastal regions.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

Global sea levels have been rising as a consequence of thermal expansion and ice melt.


Question: but Antarctica is losing land ice at an accelerating rate, which has implications for sea level rise.

Although previously it was thought that the polar ice caps were not contributing heavily to sea level rise (IPCC 2007), recent studies have confirmed that both Antarctica and Greenland are contributing a year each to global sea level rise.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

"Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms".


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

Generating electrical power from geothermal resources requires no fuel while providing true baseload energy at a reliability rate that constantly exceeds 90%.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

EGS and HDR technologies, such as hydrothermal geothermal, are expected to be baseload resources which produce power 24 hours a day like a fossil plant.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

about 8% of total nameplate capacity) to be used as reliable, baseload electric power which can be relied on to handle peak loads, as long as minimum criteria are met for wind speed and turbine height.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

"Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms" (PDF).


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

There are no countries where the majority of baseload power is supplied by wind, solar, biofuels or geothermal, as each of these sources fails one or more of the criteria of low price, availability and reliability.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

Renewable generation does not include amounts for ` rooftop solar '.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

There is a need to develop renewable energy resources.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

Solar power is a major, albeit insufficient, source of power.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

The baseload (also base load) on a grid is the minimum level of demand on an electrical grid over a span of time, for example, one week.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

Power plants that do not change their power output quickly, such as large coal or nuclear plants, are generally called baseload power plants.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

wind power) which have low capacity factors due to the weather, requires either: a) the construction of energy storage projects, which have their own emission intensity, or b) more frequent back up than the reserve requirements necessary to back up more dependable/baseload power sources, such as hydropower and nuclear energy.


Question: Renewables can't provide baseload power.

According to the laws of thermodynamics, primary energy sources cannot be produced.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

When the moisture content remains constant and temperature increases, relative humidity decreases, but the dew point remains constant.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Heating cold outdoor air can decrease relative humidity levels indoors to below 30%, leading to ailments such as dry skin, cracked lips, dry eyes and excessive thirst.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

As temperature decreases, the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation also decreases.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Under conditions of high humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

There is less evidence that precipitation is changing.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

As air gets warmer, it can hold more moisture.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Although all the datasets show the expected tropospheric amplification at seasonal and annual timescales it is still debated whether or not the long term trends are consistent with the expected moist adiabatic lapse rate amplification due to difficulty of producing homogenized datasets, some satellite temperature reconstruction are consistent with the expected amplification while others are not.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

The temperature of the troposphere decreases with altitude.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude.


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Reactions like this tend to buffer changes in atmospheric .


Question: To claim that humidity is decreasing requires you ignore a multitude of independent reanalyses that all show increasing humidity.

Resolution and confidence in the data decrease over time.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

The spatial and temporal fingerprint of warming can be traced to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which are a direct result of burning fossil fuels, broad-scale deforestation and other human activity."


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Scientists then applied fingerprint methods to a whole range of climate variables, identifying human-caused climate signals in the heat content of the oceans, the height of the tropopause (the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, which has shifted upward by hundreds of feet in recent decades), the geographical patterns of precipitation, drought, surface pressure, and the runoff from major river basins.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

For instance, he has helped in the investigations of the decadal trends in tropopause height, which could be a useful tool for determining the human "fingerprint" on climate.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Another fingerprint of human effects on climate has been identified by looking at a slice through the layers of the atmosphere, and studying the pattern of temperature changes from the surface up through the stratosphere (see the section on solar activity).


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Fingerprint studies exploit these unique signatures, and allow detailed comparisons of modelled and observed climate change patterns.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

There has been multiple indications of how human activities affect global warming and continue to do so.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Studies published after the appearance of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 have also found human fingerprints in the increased levels of atmospheric moisture (both close to the surface and over the full extent of the atmosphere), in the decline of Arctic sea ice extent, and in the patterns of changes in Arctic and Antarctic surface temperatures.


Question: The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics.

Nevertheless, the bottom-line conclusion from climate fingerprinting is that most of the observed changes studied to date are consistent with each other, and are also consistent with our scientific understanding of how the climate system would be expected to respond to the increase in heat-trapping gases resulting from human activities.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

: 'Conception is defined as the beginning of life.']"


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Such preface is then followed with the question, as in: [...] personal letter delivery is at an all-time low...


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Holstein, James A.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 139.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

"), whereas in the English language orthography no space is allowed in front of the question mark (e.g.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

New Scientist has drawn attention to Hasnain's claim about the timing of glaciers disappearing: "Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high," says the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) in its recent study on Asian glaciers.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

This was a March 2005 World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program report, page 29: In 1999, a report by the Working Group on Himalayan Glaciology (WGHG) of the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) stated: “glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the livelihood [sic] of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high”.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

A paragraph in the 2007 Working Group II report ("Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"), chapter 10 included a projection that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035 Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world (see Table 10.9) and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps warming at the current rate.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate which is causing the ocean to rise faster than predicted.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Global climate change and fluctuation is causing an increasingly exponential melting of Earth's glaciers.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Rising global temperatures have noticeable effects on the rate at which glaciers melt, causing glaciers in general to shrink worldwide.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: [O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

Since 1980, a significant global warming has led to glacier retreat becoming increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, so much so that some glaciers have disappeared altogether, and the existences of many of the remaining glaciers are threatened.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

Temperatures rose by 0.0 °C–0.2 °C from 1720–1800 to 1850–1900 (Hawkins et al., 2017).


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

The Little Ice Age was a period from about 1550 to 1850 when the world experienced relatively cooler temperatures compared to the time before and after.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

"Global warming in the context of the Little Ice Age".


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

The Little Ice Age encompassed roughly the 16th to the 19th centuries.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

In Nepal, the temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celsius over the last decade, whereas globally, the Earth has warmed approximately 0.7 degrees Celsius over the last hundred years.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

That warm period was followed by a gradual decline until about 2000 years ago, with another warm period until the Little Ice Age (1250–1850).


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

There are also longer-term cycles, the mini ice-age that preceded the medieval warm period may have been a transition to an ice age, the last ice-age lasted from ~130,000 years ago until the onset of the Holocene.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

The Little Ice Age was a period of several centuries during the last millennium during which global temperatures were depressed; the cooling was associated with volcanic eruptions.


Question: temperatures rise and they fall, and they rise and they fall… and for the last 400 years we’ve had a gentle warming as we’ve been coming out of the little ice age.

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

In blogs, talk radio and other new media, we are told that the warnings about future global warming issued by the national science academies, scientific societies, and governments of all the leading nations are not only mistaken, but based on a hoax, indeed a conspiracy that must involve thousands of respected researchers.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

"'Conspiracy theories finally laid to rest' by report on leaked climate change emails".


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

The Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as ``Climategate'') began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) by an external attacker, copying thousands of emails and computer files, the Climatic Research Unit documents, to various internet locations several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

The Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as "Climategate") began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) by an external attacker, copying thousands of emails and computer files, the Climatic Research Unit documents, to various internet locations several weeks before the Copenhagen Summit on climate change.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

During the Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as "Climategate") in 2009 in the lead-up to the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the Times wrote in an editorial "these revelations of fudged science should have a cooling effect on global-warming hysteria and the panicked policies that are being pushed forward to address the unproven theory."


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

There have been allegations of malpractice, most notably in the Climatic Research Unit email controversy ("ClimateGate").


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

Some climate change sceptics including bloggers asserted that a number of the leaked e-mails contain evidence supporting their global warming conspiracy theory that scientists had allegedly conspired to manipulate data and to keep scientists who have contrary views out of peer-review literature.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

They argued that the emails showed that global warming was a scientific conspiracy and that scientists manipulated climate data and attempted to suppress critics.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

The Christian Science Monitor", in an article titled "Climate scientists exonerated in 'climategate' but public trust damaged", stated: "While public opinion had steadily moved away from belief in man-made global warming before the leaked CRU emails, that trend has only accelerated.


Question: Climategate CRU emails suggest conspiracy

A global warming conspiracy theory invokes claims that the scientific consensus on global warming is based on conspiracies to produce manipulated data or suppress dissent.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

According to the historical temperature record of the last century, the Earth's near-surface air temperature has risen around 0.74 ± 0.18 °Celsius (1.3 ± 0.32 °Fahrenheit).


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

"A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

Due to the increase in temperature of the soil, CO2 levels in our atmosphere increase, and as such the mean average temperature of the Earth is rising.


Question: The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

Here is the quote: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't."


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

In January 2013 James Hansen and colleagues published their updated analysis that temperatures had continued at a high level despite strong La Niña conditions, and said the "5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing", noting "that the 10 warmest years in the record all occurred since 1998."


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

This was associated with a change of surface winds over the Pacific which had caused ocean heat to penetrate below 700m depth and had contributed to the apparent global warming hiatus in surface temperatures during the previous decade.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

In an interview, Trenberth said, "The planet is warming", but "the warmth just isn't being manifested at the surface."


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

In at least some areas, the recent period appears to be warmer than has been the case for a thousand or more years".


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

Some areas have, in fact, cooled slightly over the last century.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

Translation: Once human beings start to warm the climate, they do so at a constant rate.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

The rate of global warming during the past several decades has been about 0.18°C per decade".


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

However, the warming was probably not uniform across the world.


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: But Trenberth’s "lack of warming at the moment" has been going on at least a decade.

The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is often described as a region with one of the largest warming trends on Earth since the 1950s, based on the temperature trend of 0.54 °C/decade during 1951–2011 recorded at Faraday/Vernadsky station.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

Climate scientists have reached a consensus that the earth is undergoing significant anthropogenic (human-induced) global warming.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

They found 4,014 which discussed the cause of recent global warming, and of these "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

In 2016 GALLUP found that 64% of Americans are worried about global warming, 59% believed that global warming is already happening and 65% is convinced that global warming is caused by human activities.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

In Norway, a 2013 poll conducted by TNS Gallup found that 92% of those who vote for the Socialist Left Party and 89% of those who vote for the Liberal Party believe that global warming is caused by humans, while the percentage who held this belief is 60% among voters for the Conservative Party and 41% among voters for the Progress Party.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

September 2011 Angus Reid Public Opinion poll found that Britons (43%) are less likely than Americans (49%) or Canadians (52%) to say that "global warming is a fact and is mostly caused by emissions from vehicles and industrial facilities".


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming.


Question: 97% of climate experts agree humans are causing global warming.

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change...


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

In 2004, a paper was published in the journal Science by Naomi Oreskes titled Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

Her work came to public attention in 2004 with the publication of "The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change," in Science, in which she wrote that there was no significant disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of global warming from human causes.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change" in the journal "Science" in December 2004.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

A scientific consensus on climate change exists, as recognized by national academies of science and other authoritative bodies.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

The scientific consensus on climate change is "that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities", and it "is largely irreversible".


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) represents the consensus of the international scientific community on climate change science.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

"The work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) represents the consensus of the international scientific community on climate change science.


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).


Question: Science entitled The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change (Oreskes 2004).

There is a scientific consensus that climate is changing and that greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

In 2010, he signed a letter advocating the establishment of a 'price' for greenhouse gas emissions as part of national energy policy.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

Begich has stated that this should not be interpreted as support for a carbon tax.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

Carbon tax support:


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

With respect to the climate change, the Democratic Party believes that “carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gasses should be priced to reflect their negative externalities, and to accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy and help meet our climate goals.” Democrats are also committed to “implementing, and extending smart pollution and efficiency standards, including the Clean Power Plan, fuel economy standards for automobiles and heavy-duty vehicles, building codes and appliance standards.”


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

John Hardy Isakson (born December 28, 1944) is the senior United States Senator from Georgia, in office since 2005, and a member of the Republican Party.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

Claire Conner McCaskill ([məˈkæskəl] born July 24, 1953) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who serves as the senior United States Senator from Missouri.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

In January 2015, the Republican-led U.S. Senate voted 98–1 to pass a resolution acknowledging that "climate change is real and is not a hoax"; however, an amendment stating that "human activity significantly contributes to climate change" was supported by only five Republican senators.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

Mike Feinstein, American Green Party politician


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

The Republican Party has varied views on climate change.


Question: Alaska Sen. Mark Begich "is on record supporting a carbon tax, even pushing Harry Reid to make it a priority."

In 2015, the Jack P. Blaney Award for Dialogue recognized Tim Flannery for using dialogue and authentic engagement to build global consensus for action around climate change.His sometimes controversial views on shutting down conventional coal-fired power stations for electricity generation in the medium term are frequently cited in the media.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

EGS and HDR technologies, such as hydrothermal geothermal, are expected to be baseload resources which produce power 24 hours a day like a fossil plant.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Some renewable electricity sources have identical variability to coal-fired power stations, so they are base-load, and can be integrated into the electricity supply system without any additional back-up.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

"Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms" (PDF).


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

"Supplying Baseload Power and Reducing Transmission Requirements by Interconnecting Wind Farms".


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

There is a need to develop renewable energy resources.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

See also: Renewable energy by country


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries.


Question: Numerous case studies on both regional and global scales have determined that renewable energy, if properly implemented, can provide baseload power.

Water is used in renewable power generation.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

The models, while accurately predicting the tropics, tend to produce significantly cooler temperatures of up to 20 °C (36 °F) colder than the actual determined temperature at the poles.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Most contemporary scientists thought that the Earth had been gradually cooling down since its birth as a molten globe.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

The severity of this cooling in Alan Robock's model suggests that the cumulative products of 100 of these firestorms could cool the global climate by approximately 1 °C (1.8 °F), largely eliminating the magnitude of anthropogenic global warming for the next roughly two or three years.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

The smoke resulting would be largely opaque to solar radiation but transparent to infrared, thus cooling the Earth by blocking sunlight, but not creating warming by enhancing the greenhouse effect.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Contrary to climate models and surface measurements, their results showed a cooling in the troposphere.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

In the 1998 paper, "CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic's view of potential climate change" Idso said: "Several of these cooling forces have individually been estimated to be of equivalent magnitude, but of opposite sign, to the typically predicted greenhouse effect of a doubling of the air’s CO2 content, which suggests to me that little net temperature change will ultimately result from the ongoing buildup of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Climatic oscillations at higher frequencies are not predicted... the results indicate that the long-term trend over the next 20,000 years is towards extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciation and cooler climate".


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

Climate models are unable yet to predict abrupt climate change events, or most of the past abrupt climate shifts.


Question: No climate model has predicted a cooling of the Earth – quite the  contrary.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

This was once quite controversial: From the beginning of the satellite record in late 1978 into 1998 it showed a net global cooling trend, although ground measurements and instruments carried aloft by balloons showed warming in many areas.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Part of the cooling trend seen by the satellites can be attributed to several years of cooler than normal temperatures and cooling caused by the eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Since the data correction of August 1998 (and the major La Niña Pacific Ocean warming event of the same year), data collected by satellite instruments has shown an average global warming trend in the atmosphere.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

From November 1978 through March 2011, Earth's atmosphere has warmed at an average rate of about 0.14 C per decade, according to the UAHuntsville satellite record.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9 2007, p. 690: "Recent estimates indicate a relatively small combined effect of natural forcings on the global mean temperature evolution of the second half of the 20th century, with a small net cooling from the combined effects of solar and volcanic forcings."


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Evidence for warming accumulated.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Some media reports have used alarmist tactics to challenge the science related to global warming by comparing it with a purported episode of global cooling.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

Media coverage of global warming has had effects on public opinion on climate change, as it mediates the scientific opinion on climate change that the global instrumental temperature record shows increase in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

In recent studies, geologists claim that global warming is one of the reasons for increased seismic activity.


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

During the Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as "Climategate") in 2009 in the lead-up to the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the Times wrote in an editorial "these revelations of fudged science should have a cooling effect on global-warming hysteria and the panicked policies that are being pushed forward to address the unproven theory."


Question: “‘Those eruptions happened relatively early in our study period, which pushed down temperatures in the first part of the dataset, which caused the overall record to show an exaggerated warming trend,’ Christy said.

There is a decline in stratospheric temperatures, interspersed by warmings related to volcanic eruptions.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

This process is enhanced by global warming, because warmer air holds more water vapor than colder air, so the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as it is warmed by the greenhouse effect.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

The upper temperature level is given by the soil or water surface of the earth, which absorbs the incoming sun radiation and warms up, evaporating water.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

Warmer air holds more water vapor.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor (a positive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

Warmer air can contain more water vapor than cooler air before becoming saturated.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

The feedback due to water vapor is a major factor in determining how much warming would be expected to occur with increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, and all existing computer models assume positive feedback — that is, that as the climate warms, the amount of water vapour held in the atmosphere will increase, leading to further warming.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

After an initial warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere will hold more water.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

Warming from increased would increase the amount of water vapour, amplifying its effect in a feedback process.


Question: “as surface temperatures of the oceans warm up, the immediate response is more water vapor in the atmosphere.

The source of water vapor is at the Earth's surface through the process of evaporation.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

The loss of the colorful algae causes the coral to turn white.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Coral that loses a large fraction of its zooxanthellae becomes white (or sometimes pastel shades in corals that are pigmented with their own proteins) and is said to be bleached, a condition which, unless corrected, can kill the coral.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Under such environmental stresses, corals expel their Symbiodinium; without them coral tissues reveal the white of their skeletons, an event known as coral bleaching.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Mass ejections are known as coral bleaching because the algae contribute to coral coloration; some colors, however, are due to host coral pigments, such as green fluorescent proteins (GFPs).


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

When corals bleach it is because the coral loses 60–90% of their zooxanthellae due to various stressors, ocean temperature being one of them.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Coral bleaching is when unicellular organisms that help make up the coral begin to die off and leave the coral giving it a white appearance.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Coral bleaching may be caused by a number of factors.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

The leading cause of coral bleaching is rising water temperatures.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

After corals experience a bleaching event to increased temperature stress some reefs are able to return to their original, pre-bleaching state.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

One of the main results of climate change is rising sea water temperature which has a serious effect on coral reefs, through thermal-stress related coral bleaching.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

It causes irregular white patches or blotches on the coral that result from the loss of coral tissue.


Question: When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

It is necessary to monitor the high temperatures because coral bleaching events are affecting coral reef reproduction and normal growth capacity, as well as it weakening corals, eventually leading to their mortality.


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

Orrell says that the range of future increase in temperature suggested by the IPCC rather represents a social consensus in the climate community, but adds "we are having a dangerous effect on the climate".


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

"Warming 'very likely' human-made".


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

The IPCC states that global warming "could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible".


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

Some researchers have argued that the most serious consequences of global warming might be avoided if global average temperatures rose by no more than 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial levels (1.4 °C above present levels).


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

Pathways reflecting these ambitions would not limit global warming to 1.5°C, even if supplemented by very challenging


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

Currently, the concern that cooler temperatures would continue, and perhaps at a faster rate, has been observed to be incorrect by the IPCC.


Question: Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

1995 saw the creation of the phrase "preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (also called "avoiding dangerous climate change") first appeared in a policy document of a governmental organization, the IPCC's Second Assessment Report: Climate Change 1995. and in 1996 the European Union adopt a goal of limiting temperature rises to a maximum 2 °C rise in average global temperature.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

"The next five years will be 'anomalously warm,' scientists predict".


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

He learns that "Earth could warm by more than 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) by 2100 if we don’t aggressively reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases", and that more frequent heat waves and droughts will contribute to food shortages, which can lead to greater conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

He tells Friedman that "you've got to recognize [that global warming] is going to be one of the most significant long-term challenges, if not the most significant long-term challenge, that this country faces and that the planet faces.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

2016 was the warmest year on record.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

21 July The latest global analysis of temperature data from NOAA shows that the first half of 2015 was the hottest such period on record, at 0.85 °C (1.53 °F) above the 20th century average, surpassing the previous record set in 2010 by 0.09 °C (0.16 °F).


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

"2014 one of the warmest years on record globally".


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

2016's record meant that 16 of the 17 warmest years have occurred since 2000, 2017 being the third-hottest year on record meant that 17 of the last 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

The year 2016 was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report.


Question: Forget what global warming activists would lead you to believe—2015 was not even close to the hottest year on record.

"U.S. Report Confirms 2016 Was The Hottest Year On Record".


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

In Norway, a 2013 poll conducted by TNS Gallup found that 92% of those who vote for the Socialist Left Party and 89% of those who vote for the Liberal Party believe that global warming is caused by humans, while the percentage who held this belief is 60% among voters for the Conservative Party and 41% among voters for the Progress Party.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

Climate change denialism is the prime example, where a handful of scientists, allied with an effective PR machine, are publicly challenging the scientific consensus that global warming is real and is due primarily to human consumption of fossil fuels.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

Attribution sceptics or deniers (who accept the global warming trend but see natural causes for this), [and] doubt that human activities are responsible for the observed trends.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

(i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogenic Climate Change) outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

According to PolitiFact in May 2014, "...relatively few Republican members of Congress...accept the prevailing scientific conclusion that global warming is both real and man-made...eight out of 278, or about 3 percent.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

Some climate change denial groups say that because CO 2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere (roughly 400ppm, or 0.04%, 4 parts per 10,000) it can only have a minor effect on the climate.


Question: If anyone claims to be part of the 97 percent, it means they disagree with the contrarian argument that humans are having a minimal impact on global warming.

As described above, a small minority of scientists do disagree with the consensus: see list of scientists opposing global warming consensus.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

The optimal carbon price, or optimal carbon tax, is the market price (or carbon tax) on carbon emissions that balances the incremental costs of reducing carbon emissions with the incremental benefits of reducing climate damages.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

Suppose the benefits from that ton range from $1 for the user with the least need for carbon to $100 (in $1 increments) for the user who would benefit most.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

How much does that cost the US (excluding the benefit of the reduced externality)?


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

So that is sometimes said to be the cost of the policy.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

Carbon emissions have an "unpriced" societal cost in terms of their deleterious effects on the earth's climate.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

A carbon price — the method widely agreed to be the most efficient way for nations to reduce global warming emissions — is a cost applied to carbon pollution to encourage polluters to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit into the atmosphere: it usually takes the form either of a carbon tax or a requirement to purchase permits to emit, generally known as carbon emissions trading, but also called "allowances".


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

Fossil fuels subsidies costs generally outweigh the benefits.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

In sum, while a carbon price has the potential to reduce future emissions, a carbon subsidy has the potential to reduce past emissions.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

While there are many potential solutions that fall under the term carbon pricing, the costs could be significant.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

If CO 2 capture was part of a fuel cycle then the CO 2 would have value rather than be a cost.


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

This statement summarizes the economic case for carbon pricing as follows:


Question: The benefits of a price on carbon outweigh the costs several times over.

Carbon pricing -- the method favored by many economists for reducing global-warming emissions -- charges those who emit carbon dioxide (CO2) for their emissions.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Environmental impacts include the extinction or relocation of many species as their ecosystems change, most immediately the environments of coral reefs, mountains, and the Arctic.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Rising global temperatures, caused by the greenhouse effect, contribute to habitat destruction, endangering various species, such as the polar bear.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Steven Amstrup and other U.S. Geological Survey scientists have predicted two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050, based on moderate projections for the shrinking of summer sea ice caused by climate change, though the validity of this study has been debated.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

The extinction risk of global warming is the risk of species becoming extinct due to the effects of global warming.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Global warming has increased encounters between polar bears and humans.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

One of the main theories to the extinction is climate change.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Polar Bears are increasing in number.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

The arctic refuge is where polar bears main habitat is to den and the melting arctic sea ice is causing a loss of species.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

Global warming is a major threat to global biodiversity.


Question: Global warming is driving polar bears toward extinction

While the paper was cited by Sarah Palin to justify opposition to listing polar bears on the endangered-species list, its findings were contradicted by reports from the U.S. Geological Survey and other independent researchers, who concluded that man-made climate change was likely to devastate polar-bear populations by 2050.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

This publication on renewable energy – "which is now the fastest growing sector of the energy mix and accounts for almost a fifth of all electricity produced worldwide – will join annual medium-term reports on oil, gas and coal, which the IEA already produces".


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

"Fatih Birol ushers in new era for IEA—Takes office as Executive Director of global energy authority".


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

The IEA has a broad role in promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies, and multinational energy technology co-operation.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

Environmental groups have become critical of the IEA's 450 Scenario (created to align with the 2009 Copenhagen Accord), contending that it does not align with up-to-date climate science, nor is it consistent with the Paris climate agreement that aspires to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

He further said that the IEA is overstating the role of shale in a global market, and how the core job of the IEA, is not to take things out of context.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

World organizations and international agencies, like the IEA, are concerned about the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels, and coal in particular.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

International Energy Agency (IEA)


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

The World Coal Association (WCA) is an international non-profit, non-governmental association based in London, United Kingdom.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

In the reference scenario of "World Energy Outlook 2004", the International Energy Agency projected future energy-related CO emissions.


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

The International Energy Agency defines renewable energy saying


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)


Question: International Energy Agency, a global analysis organization, “continue to see a role for coal for the foreseeable future.”

It was created to represent the global coal industry.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

For example, when climate model simulations of the last century include all of the major influences on climate, both human-induced and natural, they can reproduce many important features of observed climate change patterns.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

The clear message from fingerprint studies is that the observed warming over the last half-century cannot be explained by natural factors, and is instead caused primarily by human factors.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Models are, however, able to simulate the observed 20th century changes in temperature when they include all of the most important external forcings, including human influences and natural forcings.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Climate models forced by natural factors and increased greenhouse gases and aerosols reproduce the observed global temperature changes; those forced by natural factors alone do not.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Therefore, climate models are used to study how individual factors affect climate.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Attribution of the temperature change to natural or anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) factors is an important question: see global warming and attribution of recent climate change.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Scientists rely on such studies to attribute observed changes in climate to a particular cause or set of causes.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Attribution sceptics or deniers (who accept the global warming trend but see natural causes for this), [and] doubt that human activities are responsible for the observed trends.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: “Typically, in such an attribution study, scientists will use sets of climate models — one set including the factors that drive human global warming and the other including purely “natural” factors — and see if an event like the one in question is more likely to occur in the first set of models.

Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

It is known that climate affects the ocean and the ocean affects the climate.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes (e.g., plants), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Sea water has an important influence on the world's climate, with the oceans acting as a large heat reservoir.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Unanimous agreement was found among the models that future climate change will reduce the efficiency of the land and ocean carbon cycle to absorb human-induced CO. As a result, a larger fraction of human-induced CO will stay airborne if climate change controls the carbon cycle.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Although the most common measure of global warming is the increase in the near-surface atmospheric temperature, over 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system over the last 50 years has warmed ocean water.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Climate change refers to a lasting change in the Earth's climate.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to recent climate change.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob on climate change is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Shifts in ocean currents also might explain many climate changes.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

While localized triggers lead to localized bleaching, the large scale coral bleaching events of the recent years have been triggered by global warming.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

One of the main results of climate change is rising sea water temperature which has a serious effect on coral reefs, through thermal-stress related coral bleaching.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

The IPCC's moderate warming scenarios (B1 to A1T, 2 °C by 2100, IPCC, 2007, Table SPM.3, p. 13) forecast that corals on the Great Barrier Reef are very likely to regularly experience summer temperatures high enough to induce bleaching.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

According to Clive Wilkinson of Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network of Townsville, Australia, in 1998 the mass bleaching event that occurred in the Indian Ocean region was due to the rising of sea temperatures by 2°C coupled with the strong El Niño event in 1997-1998.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

An effect of global climate change is the rising sea levels which can lead to reef drowing or coral bleaching.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

According to Clive Wilkinson of Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network of Townsville Australia, in 1998 the mass bleaching event occurred the indian ocean region worst affected by it due to rising of temperature of sea by 2℃ to normal temperature level coupled by strong El nino event in 1997-1998.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

The leading cause of coral bleaching is rising water temperatures.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

Increasing sea temperatures in tropical regions (~1 degree C) the last century have caused major coral bleaching, death, and therefore shrinking coral populations since although they are able to adapt and acclimate, it is uncertain if this evolutionary process will happen quickly enough to prevent major reduction of their numbers.


Question: an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming

Coral bleaching may be caused by a number of factors.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

That's the data we've had for the past 150 years, which is quite consistent with the expectation that the climate is continuing to warm."


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

As reported by Pat Michaels on his World Climate Report website, MacCracken said during the hearing that "the last decade is the warmest since 1400", implying that the warming had been caused by the greenhouse effect, and replied to Walker's question about whether thermometers had then existed by explaining the use of biological materials as temperature proxies.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

The satellites that actually measure the temperature showed no significant warming whatsoever.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

In March 2015, he said that some people are "global warming alarmists" and, citing satellite temperature measurements, said that there had been no significant warming in 18 years.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Satellites do not measure temperature.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Satellite datasets show that over the past four decades the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

From November 1978 through March 2011, Earth's atmosphere has warmed at an average rate of about 0.14 C per decade, according to the UAHuntsville satellite record.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

The average annual temperature in the area is -17 ° C.


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

Trends in global temperatures since January 1979 (the beginning of the satellite temperature record), measured in degrees Celsius per decade, at as October 31, 2019:


Question: In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming.

The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C, in the period 1880 to 2012, based on multiple independently produced datasets.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

They say that even if all the current pledges will be accomplished there is a chance for a 4.5 degree temperature rise in decades.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

It says that 2 °C warming will be reached in 20 to 30 years.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

During the last 20-30 years, world temperature has fallen, irregularly at first but more sharply over the last decade.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

If the cycles continue as in the past, the current warm cycle should end soon and global temperatures should cool slightly until about 2035, then warm about 0.5°C from ~2035 to ~2065, and cool slightly until 2100.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

"Judging from the record of the past interglacial ages, the present time of high temperatures should be drawing to an end, to be followed by a long period of considerably colder temperatures leading into the next glacial age some 20,000 years from now."


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

The Earth has been in an Ice House Climate for the last 30 million years.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: The world has entered a 'cold mode' which is likely to bring a global dip in temperatures which will last for 20 to 30 years, they say.

Climatic oscillations at higher frequencies are not predicted... the results indicate that the long-term trend over the next 20,000 years is towards extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciation and cooler climate".


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars from which other organic compounds can be constructed, and oxygen is produced as a by-product.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

The energy is used to reduce carbon dioxide from the air with electrons from water to make sugars (and other biomass) and a waste product, oxygen, in the process of photosynthesis.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light.