Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

For example, photosynthetic plants draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (or seawater) and build it into biomass, as in the Calvin cycle, a process of carbon fixation.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Carbon fixation is an endothermic redox reaction, so photosynthesis needs to supply both the source of energy to drive this process and the electrons needed to convert into a carbohydrate.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

The carbon in the trees or crops used for the biomass comes from the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO), which they extract from the atmosphere whilst growing.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Plants and other photoautotrophs use solar energy to produce carbohydrate from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

When CO levels rise in the atmosphere the temperature increases and plants grow.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Through the process of photosynthesis, plants capture energy from light and use it to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.


Question: This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials (the other being water) that are required for photosynthesis.

Light must be provided for the growth of phytoplankton.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

However, the Stern report, like many other reports, notes the past correlation between CO 2 emissions and economic growth and then extrapolates using a "business as usual" scenario to predict GDP growth and hence CO 2 levels, concluding that: Increasing scarcity of fossil fuels alone will not stop emissions growth in time.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Both CO 2 and CH 4 vary between glacial and interglacial phases, and concentrations of these gases correlate strongly with temperature.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Direct data does not exist for periods earlier than those represented in the ice core record, a record that indicates CO 2 mole fractions stayed within a range of 180 ppm to 280 ppm throughout the last 800,000 years, until the increase of the last 250 years.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Further research has demonstrated a reliable correlation between CO 2 levels and the temperature calculated from ice isotope data.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

There is also a close correlation between CO2 and temperature, where CO2 has a strong control over global temperatures in Earth history.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

"Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature".


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Carbon dioxide is the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

An emission intensity (also carbon intensity, C.I.)


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

During the glacial cycles, there was a high correlation between CO 2 concentrations and temperatures.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

While the full implications of elevated CO2 on marine ecosystems are still being documented, there is a substantial body of research showing that a combination of ocean acidification and elevated ocean temperature, driven mainly by CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, have a compounded effect on marine life and the ocean environment.


Question: When CO2 emissions are compared directly to CO2 levels, there is a strong correlation in the long term trends.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that increases radiative forcing and contributes to global warming along with ocean acidification.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is much lower than it was when plants emerged onto land during the Ordovician and Silurian periods.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

Combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation have caused the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide to increase by about 43% since the beginning of the age of industrialization.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

At times during the paleoclimate, carbon dioxide levels were two or three times greater than today.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

"Paleobotanical Evidence for Near Present-Day Levels of Atmospheric CO2 During Part of the Tertiary".


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

"Rapid atmospheric CO 2 changes associated with the 8,200-years-B.P.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

Human activities have caused CO 2 to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

Carbon dioxide concentrations have varied widely over the Earth's 4.54 billion year history.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affects plants in a variety of ways.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 45% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, from 280 ppm in 1750 to 415 ppm in 2019.


Question: whenever in the past there was an explosion of plant life, the carbon dioxide content was far higher than at present.

For example, the dynamic history of the planetary atmosphere's CO and O composition has been affected by the biogenic flux of gases coming from respiration and photosynthesis, with levels fluctuating over time in relation to the ecology and evolution of plants and animals.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

Major programmes underway are: ART Global Initiative World Alliance of Cities Against Poverty Territorial Approach to Climate Change Africa–Kazakhstan Partnership for the SDGs Since 1991, the UNDP has annually published the Human Development Report, which includes topics on Human Development and the annual Human Development Index.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

UNEP in 2005, 15 years ago, predicted "50 million people could become environmental refugees by 2010, fleeing the effects of climate change."'


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

Also in 2005, the Human Security Report documented a decline in the number of wars, genocides, and human rights abuses since the end of the Cold War, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism—mostly spearheaded by the UN—has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict in that period.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

Destroying the nesting habitats of these birds would cause a decrease in the cattle population because of the spread of insect-borne diseases.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options is a United Nations report, released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations on 29 November 2006, that "aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation".


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling".


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

A recent study predicts that up to 35% of the world terrestrial carnivores and ungulates will be at higher risk of extinction by 2050 because of the joint effects of predicted climate and land-use change under business-as-usual human development scenarios.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

"Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock".


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

It is threatened by livestock grazing and climate change.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

The "Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services" published by IPBES in 2019 posits that roughly one million species of plants and animals face extinction from anthropogenic causes, such as expanding human land use for industrial agriculture and livestock rearing, along with overfishing.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

Climate change is an important cause of involuntary migration and forced displacement According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, global greenhouse gas emissions from animal agriculture exceeds that of transportation.


Question: "A United Nations report has identified the world's  rapidly growing herds of cattle as the greatest threat to the climate,  forests and wildlife. ...

In their 2018 report, the WWF found that overconsumption of resources by the global population has destroyed 60% of animal populations since 1970, and this continued destruction of wildlife is an emergency which threatens the survival of human civilization.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Since the 2013 Pew survey, which assessed that only 18 per cent of American Jews identify with it, Conservative leadership is engaged in attempting to solve Conservative Judaism's demographic crisis.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Entertainment manager and fellow fundraiser Ken Kragen was contacted by Belafonte, who asked for singers Lionel Richie and Kenny Rogers—Kragen's clients—to participate in Belafonte's musical endeavor.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Several musicians were contacted by the pair, before Jackson and Lionel Richie were assigned the task of writing the song.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Anticipation for the video grew in the United Kingdom when the national news picked up on the story of sixty-one-year-old Northern Ireland farmer Alan Graham withdrawing his permission to film in his barley field in Bangor, County Down after taking issue with Rihanna's clothing, focusing on her appearing topless and also wearing a red bikini top which he thought was an "inappropriate state of undress".


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

In the opening lines, Flo Rida introduces himself and raps tongue twisters about Rihanna and The Bahamas, "You know I got love for you/ See what happened was we in Bahams/ I remember it was the ox summer, oh so pretty I/ ..Girl nice to meet you what's the honour/ Yeah she tap me told me she Rihanna.".


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Please contact us directly in case of further questions.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

---- in German contact S Fischer


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Again, it is at least 2, but may be larger.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

They are up to 4.5 centimeters in length.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Further clarification is needed on both species.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

- If the value of the respond server is bigger that si value, then si will update its information with the new value.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

This species attains a known length of 1.83 m, though larger specimens have been reported.


Question: We’ve contacted them to ask more details about the size of the Sif.

Details regarding this update are outlined below.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Polar bear population sizes and trends are difficult to estimate accurately because they occupy remote home ranges and exist at low population densities.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

A subsequent in depth international independent study, Re-Assessment of the Baffin Bay and Kane Basin Polar Bear Subpopulations: Final Report to the Canada-Greenland Joint Commission on Polar Bear has determined that polar bear populations are not declining overall and are increasing significantly in some areas.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Polar Bears are increasing in number.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Of the 19 recognized polar bear subpopulations, one is in decline, two are increasing, seven are stable, and nine have insufficient data, as of 2017.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Steven Amstrup and other U.S. Geological Survey scientists have predicted two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050, based on moderate projections for the shrinking of summer sea ice caused by climate change, though the validity of this study has been debated.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

The Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears is a multilateral treaty signed in Oslo, November 15, 1973 by the five nations with the largest polar bear populations : Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Norway (Svalbard), the United States, and the Soviet Union.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

The wildlife consists largely of polar bears.


Question: Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.”

Global warming has increased encounters between polar bears and humans.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Before the Industrial Revolution, naturally occurring amounts of greenhouse gases caused the air near the surface to be warmer by about 33 °C (59 °F) than it would be in their absence.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

This period of warmth ended about 5,500 years ago with the descent into the Neoglacial and concomitant Neopluvial.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

These can be defined as geologically brief (<200,000 year) events characterized by rapid global warming, major changes in the environment, and massive carbon addition.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

There is a clear human influence on the climate It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of observed warming since 1950, with the level of confidence having increased since the fourth report.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Recent global warming is one of many natural cycles of warming and cooling in geologic history.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Worldwide in 2011, people were more likely to attribute global warming to human activities than to natural causes, except in the US where nearly half of the population attributed global warming to natural causes.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Most of the global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human activities.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

It is extremely likely (95-100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951-2010.


Question: About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

In 2016 GALLUP found that 64% of Americans are worried about global warming, 59% believed that global warming is already happening and 65% is convinced that global warming is caused by human activities.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

A study from 2014 investigated the most common climate engineering methods and concluded that they are either ineffective or have potentially severe side effects and cannot be stopped without causing rapid climate change.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

Scientific discussion takes place in journal articles that are peer-reviewed, which scientists subject to assessment every couple of years in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

Research in the 1950s suggested that temperatures were increasing, and a 1952 newspaper used the term "climate change".


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

This phrase next appeared in a November 1957 report in The Hammond Times which described Roger Revelle's research into the effects of increasing human-caused CO 2 emissions on the greenhouse effect: "a large scale global warming, with radical climate changes may result".


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) in 2007, issued a Statement on Environment and Sustainable Growth: As reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), most of the observed global warming since the mid-20th century is very likely due to human-produced emission of greenhouse gases and this warming will continue unabated if present anthropogenic emissions continue or, worse, expand without control.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

Modern climate models addressing the attribution of recent climate change take into account sulfate forcing, which appears to account (at least partly) for the slight drop in global temperature in the middle of the 20th century.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

A 2015 study by climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research suggests that the observed cold blob in the North Atlantic during years of temperature records is a sign that the Atlantic Ocean's Meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) may be weakening.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

Sulfur aerosols, especially [[stratospheric sulfur aerosols]] have a significant effect on climate.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate (considerable progress since the 1990 report in distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic influences on climate, because of: including aerosols; coupled models; pattern-based studies) Climate is expected to continue to change in the future (increasing realism of simulations increases confidence; important uncertainties remain but are taken into account in the range of model projections) There are still many uncertainties (estimates of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling; models; instrument data for model testing, assessment of variability, and detection studies) The Third Assessment Report (TAR) was completed in 2001 and consists of four reports, three of them from its Working Groups: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Working Group III: Mitigation Synthesis Report A number of the TAR's conclusions are given quantitative estimates of how probable it is that they are correct, e.g., greater than 66% probability of being correct.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

A 2011 study by noted climate research scientist, Tom Wigley, found that while carbon dioxide () emissions from fossil fuel combustion may be reduced by using natural gas rather than coal to produce energy, it also found that additional methane (CH4) from leakage adds to the radiative forcing of the climate system, offsetting the reduction in forcing that accompanies the transition from coal to gas.


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

We find that the Svensmark results on cloud seeding have not yet been shown to be robust or sufficient to materially alter the conclusions of the assessment literature, especially given the abundance of recent literature that is skeptical of the cosmic ray-climate linkage


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

Steven Quiring, climatologist from Texas A&M University added that "whether scientists like it or not, An Inconvenient Truth has had a much greater impact on public opinion and public awareness of global climate change than any scientific paper or report."


Question: A key study published in the Journal of Climate this year by Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, found that the cooling impact of sulfate emissions has held back global warming less than thought till now

A study in 2004 concluded that solar activity affects the climate - based on sunspot activity, yet plays only a small role in the current global warming.<ref name="www.mpg.de/english/"></ref>


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The choice of authors aims for a range of views, expertise and geographical representation, ensuring representation of experts from developing and developed countries and countries with economies in transition.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The IPCC was tasked with reviewing peer-reviewed scientific literature and other relevant publications to provide information on the state of knowledge about climate change.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

According to IPCC guidelines, authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

On 23 June 2010 the IPCC announced the release of the final list of selected coordinating lead authors, comprising 831 experts who were drawn from fields including meteorology, physics, oceanography, statistics, engineering, ecology, social sciences and economics.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

This article refers to reports produced by the IPCC.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

There is widespread support for the IPCC in the scientific community, which is reflected in publications by other scientific bodies and experts.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The IPCC bases its assessment on the published literature, which includes peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed sources.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The level of consensus correlates with expertise in climate science.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The IPCC explains this as follows:


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options.


Question: The IPCC lead authors are experts in their field, instructed to fairly represent the full range of the up-to-date, peer-reviewed literature.

On 23 June 2010, the IPCC announced the release of the final list of selected coordinating lead authors, comprising 831 experts.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Heatwaves Hot days, hot nights and heatwaves have become more frequent.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Many regions have probably already seen increases in warm spells and heat waves, and it is virtually certain that these changes will continue over the 21st century.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Just as on land, heat waves in the ocean occur more due to climate change, with harmful effects found on a wide range of organisms such as corals, kelp, and seabirds.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

As the Earth's climate warms, we are seeing many changes: stronger, more destructive hurricanes; heavier rainfall; more disastrous flooding; more areas of the world experiencing severe drought; and more heat waves."


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events such as heat waves where the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5 °C (9 °F) for more than five consecutive days.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Climate change is predicted to increase frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as extreme heat.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Human-induced climate change has, e.g., the potential to alter the prevalence and severity of extreme weathers such as heat waves, cold waves, storms, floods and droughts.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

As climate change proceeds, more EM outbreaks may occur because of the extreme weather events that are projected to increase in coming decades thus making Erythromelalgia the first known disease, that isn't of infectious origin, that could be directly affected by climate change.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Factors that may increase the probability of abrupt climate change include higher magnitudes of global warming, warming that occurs more rapidly and warming that is sustained over longer time periods.


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.".


Question: Heatwaves occur in any climate, but we know that heatwaves are becoming much more likely due to climate change.

Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

A key benefit that this investment growth brings is a growth in jobs.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

Renewable power has been more effective in creating jobs than coal or oil in the United States.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

"Today's Energy Jobs Are in Solar, Not Coal".


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

[clarification needed] Solar jobs have more than doubled in the United States over the last decade growing 153% since 2010 to 242,343 workers directly employed by the industry.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

When coal is compared to solar photovoltaic generation, the latter could save 51,999 American lives per year if solar were to replace coal generation in the U.S. Due to the decline of jobs related to coal mining a study found that approximately one American suffers a premature death from coal pollution for every job remaining in coal mining.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

The American solar energy industry is highly reliant on foreign parts (80% of parts are made abroad); as a result, the tariffs could raise the costs of solar energy, reduce innovation and reduce jobs in the industry—which in 2017 employed nearly four times as many American workers as the coal industry.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

The solar industry is projected to employ over 420,000 individuals by 2020- nearly double of the 260,000 solar workers in 2016- and contribute $30 billion to the United States economy annually.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

The United States is one of the world's largest producers of solar power.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

There are a many different solar industry jobs.


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

There are also some indications that the solar industry "welcomes coal workers with open arms".


Question: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

The solar industry is currently one of the fastest growing in the United States, employing more than 250,000 people as of 2018.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Elevated CO 2 levels cause increased growth reflected in the harvestable yield of crops, with wheat, rice and soybean all showing increases in yield of 12–14% under elevated CO 2 in FACE experiments.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Elevated CO2 increases crop yields and growth through an increase in photosynthetic rate, and it also decreases water loss as a result of stomatal closing.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

The possibility of using carbon dioxide enrichment in greenhouse cultivation to enhance plant growth has been known for nearly 100 years.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

The refinery reduces its carbon emissions, whilst the nursery enjoys boosted tomato yields and does not need to provide its own greenhouse heating.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

To increase yield further, some sealed greenhouses inject CO2 into their environment to help improve growth and plant fertility.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Secondary metabolites, e.g., cardiac glycosides in Digitalis lanata, are produced in higher amounts by greenhouse cultivation at enhanced temperature and at enhanced carbon dioxide concentration.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Adequate levels of CO2 must be maintained for the plants to grow efficiently.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affects plants in a variety of ways.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

The carbon in the trees or crops used for the biomass comes from the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO), which they extract from the atmosphere whilst growing.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

When CO levels rise in the atmosphere the temperature increases and plants grow.


Question: For decades horticulturalists have pumped carbon dioxide into glasshouses to increase yields.

This may be by increased photosynthesis (through practices such as reforestation / preventing deforestation and genetic engineering); by enhanced soil carbon trapping in agriculture; or by the use of algal bio sequestration (see algae bioreactor) to absorb the carbon dioxide emissions from coal, petroleum (oil) or natural gas-fired electricity generation.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

This means that a temperature difference of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin are exactly the same.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

These isotope changes occurred due to the release of carbon from the ocean into the atmosphere that led to a temperature increase of 4-8 °C (7-14 °F) at the surface of the ocean.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

The Gregorian calendar attempts to cause the northward equinox to fall on or shortly before March 21 and hence it follows the northward equinox year, or tropical year.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

Because 97 out of 400 years are leap years, the mean length of the Gregorian calendar year is 365.2425 days; with a relative error below one ppm (8·10−7) relative to the current length of the mean tropical year (365.24219 days) and even closer to the current March equinox year of 365.242374 days that it aims to match.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

This varies from year to year, and temperatures fluctuate enough that such a rise in late-January temperature would be unremarkable ; what is remarkable (and unexplained) is the tendency for such rises to occur more commonly in late January than in mid-January or early February, which sinusoidal estimates have to be slightly warmer.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

During the last 20-30 years, world temperature has fallen, irregularly at first but more sharply over the last decade.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

The anomalously high global temperature in 1998 due to El Niño resulted in a brief drop in subsequent years.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

To compare to the trend from the surface temperature record (+0.1610.033 °C/decade from 1979 to 2012 according to NASA GISS) it is most appropriate to derive trends for the part of the atmosphere nearest the surface, i.e., the lower troposphere.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

A lower air temperature of −94.7 °C (−138.5 °F) was recorded in 2010 by satellite—however, it may be influenced by ground temperatures and was not recorded at a height of 7 feet (2 m) above the surface as required for the official air temperature records.


Question: Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

Trends in global temperatures since January 1979 (the beginning of the satellite temperature record), measured in degrees Celsius per decade, at as October 31, 2019:


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

The United States has historically been the world's largest producer of greenhouse gases and greenhouse gas emissions per capita remain high.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or sometimes USEPA) is an agency of the Federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

The United States produced 5.14 billion metric tons of carbon-dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2017, the lowest since the early 1990s, but still the second largest in the world after greenhouse gas emissions by China and amongst the worst countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

Although Donald Trump has tried to remove the United States from the Paris Agreement, other states such as New York have been creating greener spaces by installing more solar panels and creating 'green building' which mitigate pollution in an effort to make New York city 'cleaner'.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

The following is a partial list of some of the countries with significant populations (numerical population of affected population listed) whose only consumption is of contaminated water:


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

In regard to the United States of America, The Government and the Economy has had a long lasting impact on the environment, but in a problematic way.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

EPA commonly refers to the United States Environmental Protection Agency.


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

The World Health Organization defines the term "sanitation" as follows:


Question: Despite recent attempts to paint the United States as a major global polluter, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. is among the cleanest nations on the planet.

Institutional asset owners associations and think-tanks have also observed that the stated objectives of the Paris Agreement are implicitly "predicated upon an assumption – that member states of the United Nations, including high polluters such as China, the US, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, South Korea, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Indonesia and Mexico, which generate more than half the world's greenhouse gas emissions, will somehow drive down their carbon pollution voluntarily and assiduously without any binding enforcement mechanism to measure and control CO 2 emissions at any level from factory to state, and without any specific penalty gradation or fiscal pressure (for example a carbon tax) to discourage bad behaviour."


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

"Images Show Breakup of Two of Greenland's Largest Glaciers, Predict Disintegration in Near Future".


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

James E. Hansen has argued that multiple positive feedbacks could lead to nonlinear ice sheet disintegration much faster than claimed by the IPCC.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

Despite the possibility that global warming could result in losses to the Greenland ice sheet being offset by gains to the Antarctic ice sheet, there is major concern about the possibility of a West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

It is difficult to predict time of collapse in such a nonlinear problem … An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

Recently, fears have grown that continued climate change will make the Greenland Ice Sheet cross a threshold where long-term melting of the ice sheet is inevitable.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

Positioned in the Arctic, the Greenland ice sheet is especially vulnerable to climate change.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

The Greenland ice sheet (, ) is a vast body of ice covering , roughly 80% of the surface of Greenland.


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

"Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in a warming world".


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

Scientists acknowledge that "abrupt climate change initiated by Greenland ice sheet melting is not a realistic scenario for the 21st century".


Question: Greenland ice sheet won't collapse

The [[Greenland ice sheet|Greenland]] and the [[Antarctic ice sheet]]s are major ice masses, and at least the former of which may suffer irreversible decline.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

We’ve got to put a stop to it in order to set a precedent.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

Lennon said, "It's a company we're setting up, involving records, films, and electronics, and – as a sideline – manufacturing or whatever.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

Offering/Ticket to Ride (1969) Close to You (1970) Carpenters (1971) A Song for You (1972) Now & Then (1973) Horizon (1975) A Kind of Hush (1976) Passage (1977) Christmas Portrait (1978) Made in America (1981) Posthumous releases Voice of the Heart (1983) An Old-Fashioned Christmas (1984) Lovelines (1989) As Time Goes By (2004) Carpenters With The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (2018) Notes Even though they are referred to as "The Carpenters", their official name for authorized recordings and press material is simply "Carpenters".


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

I'm planning the next set of tours, so the answer is really, 'No, not really.'"


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

The Simpson's sets a record by staying relevant".


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

Records at the time of the event were:


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

holders of past and current world records.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

The title refers to the band having passed the million mile mark in its touring.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

After the work was finished, these people were supposed to disappear.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

No team has come within a second and a half of the world record.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

During the season the team set numerous national and conference records.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

"Breaking global temperature records after Mt.


Question: They were going to be gone by now, but now they're setting records

The record has not been matched since 1934.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

In it was the prediction that on our current course the planet will warm a disastrous seven degrees Fahrenheit (or about 3.9 degrees Celsius) by the end of this century.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

The average annual temperature in South Dakota has increased by about 2 degrees Fahrenheit since the beginning of the 20th century, and most of that warming has occurred in winter and spring.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

Models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) between 1990 and 2100.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

Over the last 100 years the Earth's temperature has increased 0.6 degrees Celsius and it is predicted to increase an additional 3.5 degrees over the next century.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

"A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.


Question: Temperatures in the Southwest increased by nearly two degrees Fahrenheit (one degree Celsius) from 1901 to 2010, and some climate models forecast a total rise of six degrees or more by the end of this century.

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, the continent includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

The ice sheets increase Earth's reflectivity and thus reduce the absorption of solar radiation.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Firstly, tropical continents are more reflective than open ocean, and so absorb less of the Sun's heat: most absorption of Solar energy on Earth today occurs in tropical oceans.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

This low temperature was maintained by the high albedo of the ice sheets, which reflected most incoming solar energy into space.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Australia currently claims the largest area.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Solar power is in use in Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Portugal, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Australia has one of the fastest deployment rates of renewable energy worldwide.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Australia is a continent situated on the Indo-Australian Plate.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

For several years, worldwide growth of solar PV was driven by European deployment, but has since shifted to Asia, especially China and Japan, and to a growing number of countries and regions all over the world, including, but not limited to, Australia, Canada, Chile, India, Israel, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

[citation needed] South Australia has the highest retail price for electricity in the country.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

The United States is one of the world's largest producers of solar power.


Question: Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Energy in Australia is the production in Australia of energy and electricity, for consumption or export.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

Siberia is typically classified as a polar region, owing to the dryness of the winter climate and has glaciers only in the high Altai Mountains, Verkhoyansk Range, Cherskiy Range and Suntar-Khayata Range, plus possibly a few very small glaciers in the ranges near Lake Baikal, which have never been monitored and may have completely disappeared since 1989.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

The conclusion for 2010 is that a return to previous Arctic conditions is unlikely.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

The Arctic sea ice minimum is the day in a given year when Arctic sea ice reaches its smallest extent, occurring at the end of the summer melting season, normally during September.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

The climate of the Arctic region has varied significantly in the past.


Question: This was the case last year too, while earlier  years in the DMI analysis period (1958-2010) hardly ever shows Arctic  melt season temperatures this cold (Frank Lansner)

Every winter month (December, January, February) had a CET above 5 °C (41 °F), only the second time this has happened since 1900 (after 1988/89, although November 1988 was colder than any month of 2006/07) and only the sixth since 1659 (1685–86, 1833–34, 1833–34, and 1868/69 also).


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

According to basic physical principles, the greenhouse effect produces warming of the lower atmosphere (the troposphere), but cooling of the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere).


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

As warming and evaporation above the Pacific Ocean, temperatures in the lower stratosphere near the [[tropopause]] declined due to both greenhouse gases and [[ozone-depleting substance]]s, reducing [[water vapor]] levels and removing its warming effect, with vapor concentrations below 2.2 [[ppmv]] as measured by the HALOE instrument on the [[Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite]], in the lower stratosphere of the tropics between 5°N - 5°S first being observed since 2001, although a reversal in this pattern is also likely.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Depletion of the ozone layer by chemical refrigerants stimulated a stratospheric cooling effect.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Global Warming theory suggests that the stratosphere should cool while the troposphere warms.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, the increase in water vapor content makes the atmosphere warm further; this warming causes the atmosphere to hold still more water vapor (a positive feedback), and so on until other processes stop the feedback loop.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas and is the largest contributor to the natural greenhouse effect, despite having a short atmospheric lifetime (about 10 days).


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Standard global warming theory predicts that the stratosphere will cool.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

The stratosphere () is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.


Question: Water vapor in the stratosphere stopped global warming.

Greenhouse gases trap heat radiating from the Earth to space.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is the temperature increase that would result from sustained doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, after the Earth's energy budget and the climate system reach radiative equilibrium.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

IPCC authors concluded ECS is very likely to be greater than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) and likely to lie in the range 2 to 4.5 °C (4 to 8.1 °F), with a most likely value of about 3 °C (5 °F).


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) refers to the equilibrium change in global mean near-surface air temperature that would result from a sustained doubling of the atmospheric equivalent CO 2 concentration (ΔT2×).


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

The book deals with climate modeling produced by scientific institutions.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

Although the parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required and that global warming should be limited to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) in the Paris Agreement of 2016, the Earth's average surface temperature has already increased by about half this threshold and current pledges by countries to cut emissions are inadequate to limit future warming.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

Climate forcings are changes that cause temperatures to rise or fall, disrupting the energy balance.


Question: If ECS is as low as the Energy Balance literature suggests, it means that the climate models we have been using for decades run too hot and need to be revised.

When using ensemble climate models developed in different institutions, many of these constrained estimates of ECS are slightly higher than ; the models with ECS slightly above perform better in these metrics than models with a low climate sensitivity.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

"EPA chief Scott Pruitt says carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to global warming".


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Air pollution is not bound to a nation.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Carbon dioxide is the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Carbon dioxide () is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO 2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

The seven sources of CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion are (with percentage contributions for 2000–2004): Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide (N 2O) and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs)) are the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and are regulated under the Kyoto Protocol international treaty, which came into force in 2005.


Question: Mother Earth has clearly ruled that CO2 is not a pollutant.'

Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical or physical processes.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

The effects of global warming or climate damage include far-reaching and long-lasting changes to the natural environment, to ecosystems and human societies caused directly or indirectly by human emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

A 2013 study found that significant climatic changes were associated with a higher risk of conflict worldwide, and predicted that "amplified rates of human conflict could represent a large and critical social impact of anthropogenic climate change in both low- and high-income countries."


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

If no mitigating actions are taken, significant disruptions in the Earth's physical and ecological systems, social systems, security and human health are likely to occur.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Climate change refers to a lasting change in the Earth's climate.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Climate risk means a risk resulting from climate change and affecting natural and human systems and regions.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Climate change means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Climate change is a prevalent issue in society.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

This article is about climate change, industry and society.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Global climate change is going to increase the probability of extreme weather events and environmental disturbances around the world, needless to say, future human populations are going to have to confront this issue.


Question: Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

"Adaptation To Global Climate Change Is An Essential Response To A Warming Planet".


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The IPCC has adopted the baseline reference period 1850–1900 as an approximation of pre-industrial global mean surface temperature.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C, in the period 1880 to 2012, based on multiple independently produced datasets.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

On the basis of available data, climate scientists are now projecting an average global temperature rise over this century of 2.0 to 4.5°C.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather: the classical period for averaging weather variables is 30 years in accordance with the definition set by the World Meteorological Organization.Instrumental temperature records have shown a robust multi-decadal long-term trend of global warming since the end of the 19th century, reversing longer term cooling in previous centuries as seen in paleoclimate records.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

Climatology (from Greek , "klima", "place, zone"; and , "-logia") or climate science is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

"Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation".


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

"Estimating Changes in Global Temperature since the Preindustrial Period".


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The scientific field of paleoclimatology came to maturity in the 20th century.


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The Earth's average surface absolute temperature for the 1961–1990 period has been derived by spatial interpolation of average observed near-surface air temperatures from over the land, oceans and sea ice regions, with a best estimate of 14 °C (57.2 °F).


Question: Climate scientists use the 20th-century average as a benchmark for global temperature measurements.

The current scientific opinion on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

After water vapour (concentrations of which humans have limited capacity to influence) carbon dioxide is the most abundant and stable greenhouse gas in the atmosphere (methane rapidly reacts to form water vapour and carbon dioxide).


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas and is the largest contributor to the natural greenhouse effect, despite having a short atmospheric lifetime (about 10 days).


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

Though water is responsible for most (about 36-70%) of the total greenhouse effect, the role of water vapor as a greenhouse gas depends on temperature.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to recent climate change.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases are: water vapor, 36–70% carbon dioxide, 9–26% methane, 4–9% ozone, 3–7% It is not possible to assign a specific percentage to each gas because the absorption and emission bands of the gases overlap (hence the ranges given above).


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

The dominant contributor to the greenhouse effect is water vapour (~50%), with clouds (~25%) and CO 2 (~20%) also playing an important role.


Question: water vapour has been the main greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide has had a minuscule effect on global climate

The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3).


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

It is known that climate affects the ocean and the ocean affects the climate.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes (e.g., plants), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Sea water has an important influence on the world's climate, with the oceans acting as a large heat reservoir.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Unanimous agreement was found among the models that future climate change will reduce the efficiency of the land and ocean carbon cycle to absorb human-induced CO. As a result, a larger fraction of human-induced CO will stay airborne if climate change controls the carbon cycle.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Although the most common measure of global warming is the increase in the near-surface atmospheric temperature, over 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system over the last 50 years has warmed ocean water.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

The role of the oceans in global warming is a complex one.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.


Question: Most likely the primary control knob [on climate change] is the ocean waters and this environment that we live in.

Climate change refers to a lasting change in the Earth's climate.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Because it is the most populous state in the United States, California is one of the country's largest users of energy.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Currently, several solar power plants such as the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility are located in the Mojave Desert.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of state electricity generation.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

The United States is one of the world's largest producers of solar power.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

As part of former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's Million Solar Roofs Program, California set a goal to create 3,000 megawatts of new, solar-produced electricity by 2017, with funding of $2.8 billion.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

[clarification needed] Solar jobs have more than doubled in the United States over the last decade growing 153% since 2010 to 242,343 workers directly employed by the industry.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

The United States has some of the largest solar farms in the world.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) in California, with the combined capacity from three separate locations at 354 megawatts (MW, 474,700 hp), is now the world's second largest solar thermal energy generating facility, after the commissioning of the even larger Ivanpah facility in 2014.


Question: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

Solar power plants require large amounts of land.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

These large-scale alterations in the physical environment are "driving change through all levels of Antarctic marine food webs".


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

Changes in ocean chemistry can have extensive direct and indirect effects on organisms and their habitats.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

Acidification of our oceans has the potential to drastically alter life as we know it - from extreme weather patterns and food scarcity to a loss of millions of species from the planet - all of these consequences hold the potential to directly affect human health.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

Ongoing acidification of the oceans may threaten future food chains linked with the oceans.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

Ocean acidification is an effect of rising concentrations of [[Carbon dioxide|CO]] in the atmosphere, and is not a direct consequence of global warming.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

However, this also leads to ocean acidification, with potentially significant impacts on marine life.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

The effects of ocean acidification decrease population sizes of marine life and may cause an economic disruption if enough fish die off, which can seriously harm the global economy as the fishing industry makes a lot of money worldwide.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

However acidification may impact on a broad range of other physiological and ecological processes, such as fish respiration, larval development and changes in the solubility of both nutrients and toxins.


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

One of the most striking features of this is ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO2 uptake of the oceans related to higher atmospheric concentration of CO2 and higher temperatures, because it severely affects coral reefs, mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans (see coral bleaching).


Question: ‘But even if an organism isn’t directly harmed by acidification it may be affected indirectly through changes in its habitat or changes in the food web.’

As well as having effects on ecosystems (e.g.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo (the extent to which the radiant energy of the Sun is reflected from Earth) created significant feedback to further cool the climate.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

an increase in planetary albedo.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

From 1961 to 1990, a gradual reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface was observed, a phenomenon popularly known as global dimming, typically attributed to aerosols from biofuel and fossil fuel burning.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The reduction of snow cover and sea ice in the Arctic reduces the albedo of the Earth's surface.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The Earth system sensitivity (ESS) includes the effects of slower feedback loops, such as the change in Earth's albedo from the melting of large ice sheets that covered much of the northern hemisphere during the last glacial maximum.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

Changes in albedo as a result of vegetation changes are included.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused.


Question: "Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

Globally, aerosols have been declining since 1990, removing some of the masking of global warming that they had been providing.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of 5⁄9 degrees Celsius.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

Pavel Banya enjoys warm summers, with an average of 22 degrees (72 degrees Fahrenheit) Celsius in July, and colder winters, with an average of 1 degree Celsius (34 degrees Fahrenheit) in January.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

In SI units, the Planck temperature is about 1.417×1032 kelvin (equivalently, degrees Celsius, since the difference is trivially small at this scale), or 2.55×1032 degrees Fahrenheit or Rankine.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

Officially, the highest record for Sadovo is 41.2 degrees Celsius (106.16 degrees Fahrenheit), while the lowest is -30.7 degrees Celsius (-23.26 degrees Fahreheit).


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

During 1916, the highest absolute temperature (45.2 degrees Celsius or 113.36 degrees Fahrenheit) was recorded from the Sadovo weather station.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

"A projected increase of 4.05 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature is expected by 2065, and a projected increase of 9.37 degrees Fahrenheit in average temperature can be expected by the turn of the century if nothing is done to curb emissions.


Question: It projects that temperatures are likely to be anything from 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by the latter part of the century

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.