Question: Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

Recent extinctions are more directly attributable to human influences, whereas prehistoric extinctions can be attributed to other factors, such as global climate change.


Question: Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.


Question: Ancient natural cycles are irrelevant for attributing recent global warming to humans.

Human activities (anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions) have already contributed of warming.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The current consensus of the scientific community is that the aerosols and dust released into the upper atmosphere causes cooler temperatures by preventing the sun's energy from reaching the ground.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The Little Ice Age caused crop failures and famines in Europe.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The persistently cold, wet weather caused great hardship, was primarily responsible for the Great Famine of 1315–1317, and strongly contributed to the weakened immunity and malnutrition leading up to the Black Death (1348–1350).


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

A volcanic winter is a reduction in global temperatures caused by volcanic ash and droplets of sulfuric acid and water obscuring the Sun and raising Earth 's albedo (increasing the reflection of solar radiation) after a large particularly explosive volcanic eruption.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

Three mechanisms are proposed by which solar activity affects climate:


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

Studies published in 2017 and 2018 identified stalling patterns of rossby waves, in the northern hemisphere jet stream, to have caused almost stationary extreme weather events, such as the 2018 European heatwave, the 2003 European heat wave, 2010 Russian heat wave, 2010 Pakistan floods - these events have been linked to global warming, the rapid heating of the Arctic.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

David Wallace-Wells, "The Uninhabitable Earth: Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us: What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think," New York Magazine, July 9, 2017.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The climatology hypothesis is that if each city firestorms, a great deal of soot could be thrown up into the atmosphere which could blanket the earth, cutting out sunlight for years on end, causing the disruption of food chains, in what is termed a Nuclear Winter scenario.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The role of the sun in recent climate change has been looked at by climate scientists.


Question: The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Less direct geological evidence indicates that CO2 values have not been this high for millions of years.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

For example, the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 415 ppm, or 120 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

At times during the paleoclimate, carbon dioxide levels were two or three times greater than today.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Another line of evidence against the sun having caused recent climate change comes from looking at how temperatures at different levels in the Earth's atmosphere have changed.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Long-term secular change in sunspot number is thought, by some scientists, to be correlated with long-term change in solar irradiance, which, in turn, might influence Earth's long-term climate.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

As carbon dioxide accrues, it produces a layer in the atmosphere that traps radiation from the sun.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

Studies have suggested that billions of years ago, Venus's atmosphere was much more like the one surrounding Earth, and that there may have been substantial quantities of liquid water on the surface, but after a period of 600 million to several billion years, a runaway greenhouse effect was caused by the evaporation of that original water, which generated a critical level of greenhouse gases in its atmosphere.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

They conclude that because of this, "long-term climate change may appear to track the amplitude of the solar activity cycles," but that "Solar radiative forcing of climate is reduced by a factor of 5 when the background component is omitted from historical reconstructions of total solar irradiance ...This suggests that general circulation model (GCM) simulations of twentieth century warming may overestimate the role of solar irradiance variability.


Question: When CO2 levels were higher in the past, solar levels were also lower.

During some periods the Northern Hemisphere would get slightly less sunlight during the winter than it would get during other centuries.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

The increased radiative forcing due to increased CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere is based on the physical properties of CO2 and the non-saturated absorption windows where CO2 absorbs outgoing long-wave energy.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it (see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation).


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Greenhouse gases trap heat radiating from the Earth to space.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Secondly, the distance from the Sun determines the energy available to heat atmospheric gas to the point where some fraction of its molecules' thermal motion exceed the planet's escape velocity, allowing those to escape a planet's gravitational grasp.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO 2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that increases radiative forcing and contributes to global warming along with ocean acidification.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

CO 2 absorbs and emits infrared radiation at wavelengths of 4.26 µm (asymmetric stretching vibrational mode) and 14.99 µm (bending vibrational mode) and consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a significant role in influencing Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Absorption of infrared light at the vibrational frequencies of atmospheric carbon dioxide traps energy near the surface, warming the surface and the lower atmosphere.


Question: Less energy is escaping to space: Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts like a blanket; adding more CO2 makes the 'blanket' thicker, and humans are adding more CO2 all the time.

Like the majority of human activities involving combustion, most forms of aviation release carbon dioxide (CO) and other greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the acceleration of global warming and (in the case of CO) ocean acidification.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

The report warned that the pollution crisis was exceeding "the envelope on the amount of pollution the Earth can carry" and “threatens the continuing survival of human societies”.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Air pollution is not bound to a nation.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Because petroleum is a naturally occurring substance, its presence in the environment need not be the result of human causes such as accidents and routine activities (seismic exploration, drilling, extraction, refining and combustion).


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Wild plants and animals do not perceive radiation as dangerous, and any slight reduction it may cause in their lifespans is far less a hazard than is the presence of people and their pets...


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

It is probably not dangerous toward humans.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Phosphite is not toxic to people or animals.


Question: it’s not a pollutant that threatens human civilization.

Bentonite mining is a potential threat, but not a current one.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Many citizens of countries like the United States and Canada who drive personal cars often, see well over half of their climate change impact stemming from the emissions produced from their cars.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

For richer people, emissions tend to be associated with things such as eating beef, cars, frequent flying, and home heating.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Most environmentally related taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions in OECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles, rather than on CO2 emissions directly.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

The Moon may have dramatically affected the development of life by moderating the planet's climate.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Our Changing Sun: The Role of Solar Nuclear Evolution and Magnetic Activity on Earth's Atmosphere and Climate.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has estimated that agriculture (including not only livestock, but also food crop, biofuel and other production) accounted for about 10 to 12 percent of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (expressed as 100-year carbon dioxide equivalents) in 2005 and in 2010.Cows produce some 570 million cubic metres of methane per day, that accounts for from 35 to 40% of the overall methane emissions of the planet.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Compared to plant milks, cow's milk requires the most land and water, and its production results in the greatest amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, air pollution, and water pollution.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Boucher's review concludes: "Movies like Cowspiracy aren’t believable, not only because of how they twist the science, but also because of what they ask us to believe: that the fossil fuel industry—the ExxonMobils of the world—aren’t the main cause of global warming... and that thousands of scientists have covered up the truth about the most important environmental issue of our time.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Greenhouse gases, specifically from livestock, are one of the leading sources furthering global warming; these emissions, which drastically effect climatic change, are also beginning to harm our livestock in ways we could never imagine.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

"The Worst Climate Pollution Is Carbon Dioxide".


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Global warming is the greatest cause of impact to the environment.


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

"Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock".


Question: Burping cows are more damaging to the climate than all the cars on this planet.

Livestock contributes to climate change both through the production of greenhouse gases and through destruction of carbon sinks such as rain-forests.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

Danish physicist Henrik Svensmark has controversially argued that because solar variation modulates the cosmic ray flux on Earth, they would consequently affect the rate of cloud formation and hence be an indirect cause of global warming.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

He is known for his theory on the effects of cosmic rays on cloud formation as an indirect cause of global warming.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

"Cosmic rays blamed for global warming".


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

"Cosmic Rays and Global Warming".


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

(2009): The CLOUD experiments at CERN are interesting research but do not provide conclusive evidence that cosmic rays can serve as a major source of cloud seeding.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

Recent research at CERN's CLOUD facility examined links between cosmic rays and cloud condensation nuclei, demonstrating the effect of high-energy particulate radiation in nucleating aerosol particles that are precursors to cloud condensation nuclei.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

The CLOUD experiment is investigating possible physical mechanisms for solar/cosmic ray forcing - a theory whereby cloud nucleation is affected by cosmic rays and the cosmic rays are affected by solar activity.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

Recently research has been going on at CERN 's CLOUD facility to study the effects of the solar cycle and cosmic rays on cloud formation.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

This documentary presents the work done to develop the theory that cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays as the major originator of global climate variation.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

It has been postulated that ionized particles known as cosmic rays could impact cloud cover and thereby the climate.


Question: CERN CLOUD experiment proved cosmic rays are causing global warming.

To test the hypothesis, CERN designed the CLOUD experiment, which showed the effect of cosmic rays is too weak to influence climate noticeably.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

Human activities (primarily greenhouse gas emissions) are the primary cause.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

AIBS Position Statements "Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver."


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

There is a scientific consensus that climate is changing and that greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

European Science Foundation in a 2007 position paper states: There is now convincing evidence that since the industrial revolution, human activities, resulting in increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have become a major agent of climate change ... On-going and increased efforts to mitigate climate change through reduction in greenhouse gases are therefore crucial.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

American Physical Society Climate Change Policy Statement, November 2007 "Emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities are changing the atmosphere in ways that affect the Earth's climate.


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change...


Question: Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

GHG emissions due to anthropogenic (human) activity are the dominant cause of observed global warming (climate change) since the mid-20th century.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) – Because of its role as a greenhouse gas it has been described as "the leading pollutant" and "the worst climate pollutant".


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

The introduction includes this statement: There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, including agriculture and deforestation.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

Currently, through land development, combustion of fossil fuels, and pollution, humans are thought to be the main contributor to global climate change.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

The correlation between the decrease of CO in the Pleistocene and the increase of it during the Holocene implies that the causation of this spark of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere was the growth of human agriculture during the Holocene such as the anthropogenic expansion of (human) land use and irrigation.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.


Question: This makes it clear that this time around humans are the cause, mainly by our CO2 emissions.

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

In that sense, the ice core CO2-temperature correlation remains an appropriate demonstration of the influence of CO2 on climate."


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Both CO 2 and CH 4 vary between glacial and interglacial phases, and concentrations of these gases correlate strongly with temperature.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Decades ago, they correctly predicted how much Earth's temperature would rise due to increasing atmospheric CO2.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

"Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature".


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Correlation of CO 2 and temperature is not part of this evidence.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

On September 2, 1997, Singer said that "The possibility that global temperatures could rise because of an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a concern that needs to be monitored...But there has been no indication in the last century that we've seen anything other than natural climate fluctuations.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Carbon dioxide has a variable atmospheric lifetime, and cannot be specified precisely.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

Even if human carbon dioxide emissions were to completely cease, atmospheric temperatures are not expected to decrease significantly for thousands of years.


Question: In our lifetime, there has been no correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and temperature

The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

The warming evident in the instrumental temperature record is consistent with a wide range of observations, documented by many independent scientific groups; for example, in most continental regions the frequency and intensity of heavy precipitation has increased.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

Simultaneously, the capacity of the atmosphere to carry precipitation increases with temperature so that precipitation, in the form of snowfall, increases in global and regional models.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

Climate change caused by human activities that emit greenhouse gases into the air is expected to affect the frequency of extreme weather events such as drought, extreme temperatures, flooding, high winds, and severe storms.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

Climate change may cause variations in both temperature and snowfall, resulting in changes in mass balance.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

""2016 Climate Trends Continue to Break Records".


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

"Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation".


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

Global warming is an aspect of modern climate change, a term that also includes the observed changes in precipitation, storm tracks and cloudiness.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

But, more accurately, global warming is the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation, while climate change includes both global warming and its effects, such as changes in precipitation.


Question: Far from contradicting global warming, record snowfall is predicted by climate models and consistent with our expectation of more extreme precipitation events.

Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather: the classical period for averaging weather variables is 30 years in accordance with the definition set by the World Meteorological Organization.Instrumental temperature records have shown a robust multi-decadal long-term trend of global warming since the end of the 19th century, reversing longer term cooling in previous centuries as seen in paleoclimate records.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

This post-glacial rebound, which proceeds very slowly after the melting of the ice sheet or glacier, is currently occurring in measurable amounts in Scandinavia and the Great Lakes region of North America.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Unusually rapid (up to 4.1 cm/year) present glacial isostatic rebound due to recent ice mass losses in the Amundsen Sea embayment region of Antarctica coupled with low regional mantle viscosity is predicted to provide a modest stabilizing influence on marine ice sheet instability in West Antarctica, but likely not to a sufficient degree to arrest it.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Thus global sea level fell during glaciation.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

"Arctic sea ice volume now one-fifth its 1979 level".


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Although previously it was thought that the polar ice caps were not contributing heavily to sea level rise (IPCC 2007), recent studies have confirmed that both Antarctica and Greenland are contributing a year each to global sea level rise.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Large-scale measurements of sea-ice have only been possible since the satellite era, but through looking at a number of different satellite estimates, it has been determined that September Arctic sea ice has decreased between 1973 and 2007 at a rate of about -10% +/- 0.3% per decade.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

Greenland's ice sheet contains enough fresh water as ice to raise sea level worldwide by .


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

From 1961 to 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen by 0.10 °C from the surface to a depth of 700 m. There is variability both year-to-year and over longer time scales, with global ocean heat content observations showing high rates of warming for 1991 to 2003, but some cooling from 2003 to 2007.


Question: Thanks to a rapid rebound in recent months, global sea ice levels now equal those seen 29 years ago, when the year 1979 also drew to a close.

The world's largest potential source of sea level rise is the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 53.3 m (175 ft).


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

Confidence in model estimates is higher for some climate variables (e.g., temperature) than for others (e.g., precipitation).


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

They showed that the climate system may be responding faster than the models indicate.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

Daytime temperatures have not risen as fast as nighttime temperatures.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

Some models show more warming in the troposphere than at the surface, while a slightly smaller number of simulations show the opposite behavior.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

The total increase in global warming for the century should be ~0.3 °C, rather than the catastrophic warming of 3-6°C (4-11°F) predicted by the IPCC.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

The results are thus not precisely comparable to surface temperature records or models.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: The temperature is not rising nearly as fast as the alarmist computer models predicted.

"A novel probabilistic forecast system predicting anomalously warm 2018–2022 reinforcing the long-term global warming trend".


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

The restoration was complicated by the presence of old seawalls, groins, piles of rocks and other structures.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

The structural alternative involves constructing a seawall, revetment, groyne or breakwater.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

Heavy rains and poor drainage in some areas flooded basements, lawns, and streets.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

As in the flatwoods, these soils are poorly drained for many purposes unless drainage systems are installed.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

It is threatened by coastal development and marsh draining.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

The New River is a tidal estuary in South Florida, United States.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

This is due to the subsiding of coastal lands.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

Wetlands in the U.S. are rapidly disappearing due to an increase in housing, industry, and agriculture, and rising sea levels contribute to this dangerous trend.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

Coral reef systems have been in decline worldwide.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

The Miami metropolitan area, also known as the Greater Miami Area or South Florida, is the 67th largest metropolitan area in the world and the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

Land alteration along the waterways has caused loss and degradation of the habitat.


Question: many of south Florida’s drainage systems and seawalls are no longer enough

Evapotranspiration is a significant water loss from drainage basins.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Over the 21st century, the IPCC projects that in a very high emissions scenario the sea level could rise by 61–110 cm.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

For instance, a 2016 study led by Jim Hansen concluded that based on past climate change data, sea level rise could accelerate exponentially in the coming decades, with a doubling time of 10, 20 or 40 years, respectively, raising the ocean by several meters in 50, 100 or 200 years.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

According to the Fourth (2017) National Climate Assessment (NCA) of the United States it is very likely sea level will rise between 30 and 130 cm (1.0–4.3 feet) in 2100 compared to the year 2000.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

For instance, Mercer published a study in 1978 predicting that anthropogenic carbon dioxide warming and its potential effects on climate in the 21st century could cause a sea level rise of around 5 metres (16 ft) from melting of the West Antarctic ice-sheet alone.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

A number of later studies have concluded that a global sea level rise of 200 to 270 cm (6.6 to 8.9 ft) this century is "physically plausible".


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Sea level rise will continue over many centuries.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Secondly, melting of the ice shelves, the floating extensions of the ice sheet, leads to a process named the Marine Ice Cliff Instability.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

It is difficult to predict time of collapse in such a nonlinear problem … An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Unusually rapid (up to 4.1 cm/year) present glacial isostatic rebound due to recent ice mass losses in the Amundsen Sea embayment region of Antarctica coupled with low regional mantle viscosity is predicted to provide a modest stabilizing influence on marine ice sheet instability in West Antarctica, but likely not to a sufficient degree to arrest it.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Sea level rise will continue beyond 2100 even if global warming is limited to 1.5°C.


Question: With marine ice cliff instability, sea-level rise for the next century is potentially much larger than we thought it might be five or 10 years ago

Human-induced warming and associated sea level rises are expected to continue through the 21st century...


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

The Greenland Ice Sheet has experienced record melting in recent years since detailed records have been kept and is likely to contribute substantially to sea level rise as well as to possible changes in ocean circulation in the future if this is sustained.


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

Between 1993 and 2018, thermal expansion of the oceans contributed 42% to sea level rise; the melting of temperate glaciers, 21%; Greenland, 15%; and Antarctica, 8%.


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

Ice sheet models project that such a warming would initiate the long-term melting of the ice sheet, leading to a complete melting of the ice sheet (over centuries), resulting in a global sea level rise of about 7 metres (23 ft).


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

Global sea levels have been rising as a consequence of thermal expansion and ice melt.


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

As the great ice sheets began to melt, around 11,000 years ago, the sea level started to rise.


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

If the entire of ice were to melt, it would lead to a global sea level rise of .


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

"The melting of floating ice raises the ocean level".


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

If the entire of ice were to melt, global sea levels would rise .


Question: The melting ice has led to global sea level rise of around eight inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.

IPCC (2007a:5) reported that since 1961, global average sea level had risen at an average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm/yr.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

In January 2017, several scientific agencies around the world, including NASA and the NOAA in the United States and the Met Office in the United Kingdom, named 2016 the warmest year recorded.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

Consistent with Schmidt's comment, the NASA / NOAA announcement stated that "globally-averaged temperatures in 2016 were 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean" and that the impact of El Niño warming was estimated to have "increased the annual global temperature anomaly for 2016 by 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.12 degrees Celsius)."


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

Even accounting for the presence of internal climate variability, recent years rank among the warmest on record.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

2016 was the warmest year on record.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

"2014 one of the warmest years on record globally".


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

In December 2009, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced that the 2000s may have been the warmest decade since records began in 1850, with four of the five warmest years since 1850 having occurred in this decade.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

This decade is on track to become the warmest since records began in 1850, and 2009 could rank among the top-five warmest years, the U.N. weather agency reported Tuesday on the second day of a pivotal 192-nation climate conference.


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

"NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015".


Question: On Feb. 7, several major newspapers carried stories of the declaration by NASA and NOAA that the past five years have been the warmest on record.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past 800,000 years); changes in the earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles; the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the earth's surface, which affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth–Moon system; the impact of relatively large meteorites and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

The potential for major sea level rise depends mostly on a significant melting of the polar ice caps of Greenland and Antarctica, as this is where the vast majority of glacial ice is located.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

[1] In their latest study (September 20, 2007) NASA researchers have confirmed that Antarctic snow is melting farther inland from the coast over time, melting at higher altitudes than ever and increasingly melting on Antarctica's largest ice shelf.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

As more ice melts, there is less solar reflectivity and less heat is reflected away from the Earth, causing more heat to be absorbed, and retained in the atmosphere and soil In addition to the El Niño events, glacial melt is contributing to the rapid turnover of sea surface temperatures and ocean salt content by diluting the ocean water and slowing the Atlantic conveyor belt's usually swift dive because of a top layer of buoyant, cold, fresh water that slows the flow of warm water to the north.


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: A series of just-released studies by working-level scientists prove that geological and not atmospheric forces are responsible for melting of Earth’s polar ice sheets.

In the history of the Earth, many ice ages are known to have occurred.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of CO 2 each year.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

As of 2006 the annual airborne fraction for CO 2 was about 0.45.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Total anthropogenic emissions at the end of 2009 were estimated at 49.5 gigatonnes CO 2-equivalent.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

"CO2 in the atmosphere just exceeded 415 parts per million for the first time in human history".


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

"How do we know more CO2 is causing warming?".


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

CO 2 currently forms about 410 parts per million (ppm) of earth's atmosphere, compared to about 280 ppm in pre-industrial times, and billions of metric tons of CO 2 are emitted annually by burning of fossil fuels.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

In the part of The Great Climate Change Swindle where I am describing the fact that the ocean tends to expel carbon dioxide where it is warm, and to absorb it where it is cold, my intent was to explain that warming the ocean could be dangerous—because it is such a gigantic reservoir of carbon.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Specifically they believe that suggestions that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide of 550 parts per million by volume (ppmv) would be safe are wrong.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

In a much-cited study from 1998, the world bacterial biomass had been mistakenly calculated to be 350 to 550 billions of tonnes of carbon, equal to between 60% and 100% of the carbon in plants.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: "We have been grossly misled to think there is tens of thousands of times as much CO2 as there is!

Here is the quote: "The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't."


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

However, U.S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

The modeling also shows that "even without a carbon price (the most efficient way to reduce economy-wide emissions) wind energy is 14% cheaper than new coal and 18% cheaper than new gas."


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Costs of production from coal fired plants built in "the 1970s and 1980s" are cheaper than renewable energy sources because of depreciation.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

"Wind power is cheapest energy, EU analysis finds".


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

"Renewable energy now cheaper than new fossil fuels in Australia".


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

As time progresses, renewable energy technologies generally get cheaper, while fossil fuels generally get more expensive:


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Wind power could become cheaper than nuclear power.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Overall, wind power raises costs of electricity slightly.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Renewable energy, or energy that is harnessed from renewable sources, is an alternative energy.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

This is often confused with renewable energy.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

In general, carbon dioxide removal methods are more expensive than the solar radiation management ones.


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

In 2011, the 120-member Irish Academy of Engineering described wind as "an extremely expensive way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions when compared to other alternatives" like conservation, nuclear energy or the Corrib gas project and Liquified Gas tanker imports at Shannon, concluding that the suggestion of 40% grid penetration by wind, is "unrealistic".


Question: [Wind energy] is a more expensive way of producing energy than the alternative.

Drilling for oil or building a wind power plant requires energy.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Now measurements are made at many sites globally.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

These observations are on a global scale.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Many countries publish statistics on the energy supply from their own country or from other countries or the world.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) continuously releases data about CO 2 emissions, budget and concentration at individual observation stations.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Keeling’s Tellus article of 1960 presented the first monthly CO 2 records from Mauna Loa and Antarctica (1957 to 1960), finding a “distinct seasonal cycle…and possibly, a worldwide rise in CO2 from year to year.” By the 1970s, it was well established that the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide was ongoing and due to anthropogenic emissions.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

Greenhouse gas concentrations are aggregated in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

CO 2 currently forms about 410 parts per million (ppm) of earth's atmosphere, compared to about 280 ppm in pre-industrial times, and billions of metric tons of CO 2 are emitted annually by burning of fossil fuels.


Question: CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

"Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature".


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

The famous heat wave events of Chicago in 1995 and the European heat wave of 2003 regions will experience longer, more frequent and more intense heat waves in the latter 21st century.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

June 2019 was the hottest month on record worldwide, the effects of this were especially prominent in Europe.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

This was used to estimate heat waves occurrence at the global scale from 1901 to 2010, finding a substantial and sharp increase in the amount of affected areas in the last two decades.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Massive heat waves across North America were persistent in the 1930s, many mid-Atlantic/Ohio valley states recorded their highest temperatures during July 1934.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

During the last 20-30 years, world temperature has fallen, irregularly at first but more sharply over the last decade.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Southern China has had a decrease in temperatures while most of the world has warmed.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Global average diurnal temperature range has decreased.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

The report stated (p. 36) that, "The average surface air temperature in the northern hemisphere increased from the 1880's until about 1940 and has been decreasing thereafter.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

[[Retreat of glaciers since 1850|Glacier retreat]] declined and reversed in many cases from 1950 to 1980 as a slight global cooling occurred.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Some areas have, in fact, cooled slightly over the last century.


Question: Heat waves have been decreasing since the 1930s in the U.S. and globally.

Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

A statewide drought began in November 2005, one month after Hurricane Wilma's passage through the state, and persisted until 2009.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

In a NASA report published in January 2013, Hansen and Sato noted "the 5-year mean global temperature has been flat for a decade, which we interpret as a combination of natural variability and a slowdown in the growth rate of the net climate forcing."


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

Following the state's fourth-worst drought in a century, the rains collected in rivers and streams, causing record flooding at 18 river gauges, and mostly affecting the Raritan, Passaic, and Delaware basins.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

Drought is the unusual dryness of soil caused by levels of rainfall significantly below average over a prolonged period.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

Between 2011 and 2014, California experienced the driest period in its recorded history and more than 100 million trees died in the drought, creating areas of dead, dry wood.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

While covering less area than the Dust Bowl, which covered 70 % of the United States, the drought of 1988 ranks as not only the costliest drought in United States history but also the costliest natural disaster in United States history before Hurricane Katrina.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

In the Gulf of Mexico, catastrophic hurricane strikes at given locations occur once about every 350 years in the last 3,800 years or about 0.48%-0.39% annual frequency at any given site, with a recurrence rate of 300 years or 0.33% annual probability at sites in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico; category 3 or more storms occur at a rate of 3.9 - 0.1 category 3 or more storms per century in the northern Gulf of Mexico.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

The term "1 in 10 year storm" describes a rainfall event which is rare and is only likely to occur once every 10 years, so it has a 10 percent likelihood any given year.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

A drought or drouth is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric (below-average precipitation), surface water or ground water.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

The term "1 in 100 year storm" describes a rainfall event which is extremely rare and which will occur with a likelihood of only once in a century, so has a 1 percent likelihood in any given year.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

The term "1 in 10 year storm" describes a rainfall event which is unusual and has a 50% chance of occurring in any 10-year period.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

Drought is a recurring feature of the climate in most parts of the world.


Question: Nine years into that 11-year hurricane drought, a NASA scientist computed it as a 1-in-177-year event.

Well-known historical droughts include:


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

A wide variety of temperature proxies together prove that the 20th century was the hottest recorded in the last 2,000 years.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere, where such assessment is possible (medium confidence).


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

1998 and three other reconstructions to support the conclusion that, in the Northern Hemisphere, the 1990s was likely to have been the warmest decade and 1998 the warmest year during the past 1,000 years.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

It was only in the 20th and 21st centuries that the Northern Hemisphere experienced higher temperatures.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The current scientific opinion on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The text stated that it was "likely that, in the Northern Hemisphere, the 1990s was the warmest decade and 1998 the warmest year" in the past 1,000 years.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The curve shown in graphs of these reconstructions is widely known as the hockey stick graph because of the sharp increase in temperatures during the last century.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The result is a picture of relatively cool conditions in the seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries and warmth in the eleventh and early fifteenth centuries, but the warmest conditions are apparent in the twentieth century.


Question: They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

The SPM statement in the IPCC TAR of 2001 had been that it was "likely that, in the Northern Hemisphere, the 1990s was the warmest decade and 1998 the warmest year" in the past 1,000 years.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft).


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

Continued carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel sources could cause additional tens of metres of sea level rise, over the next millennia, and the available fossil fuel on Earth is even enough to ultimately melt the entire Antarctic ice sheet, causing about 58 m (190 ft) of sea level rise.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

[1] In their latest study (September 20, 2007) NASA researchers have confirmed that Antarctic snow is melting farther inland from the coast over time, melting at higher altitudes than ever and increasingly melting on Antarctica's largest ice shelf.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

A study in 2015 found that assuming cumulative fossil fuel emissions of 10 000 gigatonnes of carbon, the Antarctic Ice Sheet could melt completely over the following millennia, contributing 58 m to global sea-level rise, and 30 m within the first 1000 years.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

[citation needed] The amount of heat trapping gases emitted into Earth's Oceans and atmosphere will prevent the next ice age, which otherwise would begin in around 50,000 years, and likely more glacial cycles.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

The rate of ice loss from glaciers and ice sheets in the Antarctic is a key area of uncertainty since this source could account for 90% of the potential sea level rise: increased ocean warmth is undermining and threatening to unplug Antarctic glacier outlets, potentially resulting in more rapid sea level rise.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

Reducing black carbon emissions could help keep the climate system from passing the tipping points for abrupt climate changes, including significant sea-level rise from the melting of Greenland and/or Antarctic ice sheets.


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

If the entire of ice were to melt, global sea levels would rise .


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

If the entire of ice were to melt, it would lead to a global sea level rise of .


Question: If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea.

Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

The autumn of 2006 was the warmest in recorded history.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

As of 2012[update], the thirteen warmest years for the entire planet have all occurred since 1998, transcending those from 1880.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Summer (early June to mid September) is hot and sunny with a July and August average of 23 °C (73 °F).


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Four of the warmest 7 years since 1889 occurred after the year 2000 (2000, 2001, 2007 and 2008).


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

2016's record meant that 16 of the 17 warmest years have occurred since 2000, 2017 being the third-hottest year on record meant that 17 of the last 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

2016 was the warmest year on record.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

The rate of global warming during the past several decades has been about 0.18°C per decade".


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Lastly, seven of the eight warmest years on record have occurred since 2001 and the 10 warmest years have all occurred since 1995.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

In December 2009, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced that the 2000s may have been the warmest decade since records began in 1850, with four of the five warmest years since 1850 having occurred in this decade.


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

"2014 one of the warmest years on record globally".


Question: Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

And we hit $50 billion in revenues for the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a half."


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

DC Comics) and Warner Bros. by the end of that decade.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

Historians generally agree that during Roosevelt's 12 years in office there was a dramatic increase in the power of the federal government as a whole.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

In Roosevelt's 12 years in office, the economy had an 8.5% compound annual growth of GDP, the highest growth rate in the history of any industrial country, but recovery was slow and by 1939 the gross domestic product (GDP) per adult was still 27% below trend.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

The growth in new titles has been strong, particularly in the past decade.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

Hypothetically, according to Robert Engelman (Worldwatch Institute), in order to prevent collapse, human civilization would have to stop increasing emissions within a decade regardless of the economy or population (2009).


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

This trend is expected to continue into the mid-21st century.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

Therefore it can not be accepted as it currently stands.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

Category :21 st century in the United States


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

None (a period of civil war and anarchy) 19901997


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

A company/country only needs to keep producing, or produce more wisely, or respond to market conditions with products that meet consumer's demands to avoid a (national recession/depression) glut.


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

one of the years 10 BC, AD 10, 1910 or 2010


Question: One more decade of business as usual will make this impossible.

They consider dates after 2030 implausible.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

Recent weekly data shows a downward trend for desktops.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

Gartner's own press release said, "Apple continued its downward trend with a decline of 7.7 percent in the second quarter of 2016", which is their decline, based on absolute number of units, that underestimates the relative decline (with the market increasing), along with the misleading "1.7 percent [point]" decline.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

However, it is much lower than has commonly been assumed.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

As such, the population is on a slow downward trend, except for a brief pause in 2010.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

Several factors have contributed to this decline.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

But this is changing as prices continue to fall.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

In recent years, the number of major earthquakes per year has decreased, though this is probably a statistical fluctuation rather than a systematic trend.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

It is an indicator that also reflects demographic trends.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

In other words, the increase from year-to-year isn't constant, but itself is increasing.


Question: In fact, the trend, while not statistically significant, is downward.”

So the summation of percentages may be lower than 100 %.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Even though such installations might not produce the maximum possible total energy, their power output would likely be more consistent throughout the day and possibly larger during peak demand.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Normally the solar arrays on the rovers are able to generate up to 700 watt-hours (2,500 kJ) of energy per Martian day.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Solar arrays generate about 140 watts for up to four hours per Martian day (sol) while rechargeable lithium ion batteries store energy for use at night.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

solar cells requires more energy than can be recovered in using the solar cell .


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Solar power is a major, albeit insufficient, source of power.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Photovoltaic power generation employs solar panels composed of a number of solar cells containing a photovoltaic material.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

It is the energy needed to create the system.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Solar power plants require large amounts of land.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

Solar photovoltaics is a sustainable energy source.


Question: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

The United States is one of the world's largest producers of solar power.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

One reason for the difference between the two values is due to the greenhouse effect, which increases the average temperature of the Earth's surface.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

Simultaneously, the clouds enhance the greenhouse effect, warming the planet.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

It was demonstrated experimentally (R. W. Wood, 1909) that a (not heated) "greenhouse" with a cover of rock salt (which is transparent to infrared) heats up an enclosure similarly to one with a glass cover.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The consensus theory of the scientific community is that the resulting greenhouse effect is a principal cause of the increase in global warming which has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The ice age continues until the reduction in weathering causes an increase in the greenhouse effect.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

Release of greenhouse gases from thawed permafrost to the atmosphere increases global warming.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (December 17, 2008), scientists detailed evidence in support of the controversial idea that the introduction of large-scale rice agriculture in Asia, coupled with extensive deforestation in Europe began to alter world climate by pumping significant amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over the last 1,000 years.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

"The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature".


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The effect of combustion-produced carbon dioxide on the global climate, a special case of the greenhouse effect first described in 1896 by Svante Arrhenius, has also been called the Callendar effect.


Question: Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

Additionally, the global warming induced thawing of the permafrost, which stores about two times the amount of the carbon currently released in the atmosphere, releases the potent greenhouse gas, methane, in a positive feedback cycle that is feared to lead to a tipping point called runaway climate change.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

"Hurricane Harvey was year's costliest U.S. disaster at $125 billion in damages".


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

The damage for the Houston area is estimated at up to $125 billion U.S. dollars, and it is considered to be one of the worst natural disasters in the history of the United States, with the death toll exceeding 70 people.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

It is tied with 2005's Hurricane Katrina as the costliest tropical cyclone on record, inflicting $125 billion (2017 USD) in damage, primarily from catastrophic rainfall-triggered flooding in the Houston metropolitan area and Southeast Texas.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Preliminary reporting from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration set a more concrete total at $125 billion, making Harvey the 2nd costliest tropical cyclone on record, behind Hurricane Katrina with 2017 costs of $161 billion (after adjusting for inflation).


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated total damage at $125 billion, with a 90% confidence interval of $90–160 billion.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey made landfall along the central Texas coast, then migrated to and stalled over the greater Houston area for several days, producing extreme, unprecedented rainfall totals of over 40 inches (1,000 mm) in many areas, unleashing widespread flooding.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

"Storm Harvey: impacts likely worsened due to global warming".


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Large part of the displaced people were evacuated when the storm came, what saved many lives, but the price for the economy was very big.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

"It's a fact: climate change made Hurricane Harvey more deadly".


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Tropical Storm Henri (2003), caused heavy rainfall along Florida 's Gulf coast, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, causing $ 19.6 million (USD) in damage


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated South Louisiana, destroying more than 200,000 homes and 18,000 businesses and causing about $ 25 billion in insured losses.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

The floods caused millions of dollars in damages to the surrounding area.


Question: Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods

Tropical Storm Edouard brought coastal and minor inland flooding to Louisiana and Texas in August 2008.


Question: The Clean Power Plan, a major component of fulfilling the agreement, would spike energy costs for working and middle-class Texans by 16% by 2030, according to the Economic Reliability Council of Texas

The increased efficiency and reliability of the smart grid is expected to save consumers money and help reduce CO 2 emissions.


Question: The Clean Power Plan, a major component of fulfilling the agreement, would spike energy costs for working and middle-class Texans by 16% by 2030, according to the Economic Reliability Council of Texas

ESB National Grid, Ireland's electric utility, in a 2004 study that, concluded that to meet the renewable energy targets set by the EU in 2001 would "increase electricity generation costs by a modest 15%" "Impact of Wind Power Generation in Ireland on the Operation of Conventional Plant and the Economic Implications" (PDF).