Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

Of the 19 recognized polar bear subpopulations, one is in decline, two are increasing, seven are stable, and nine have insufficient data, as of 2017.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

Polar Bears are increasing in number.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

Global warming has increased encounters between polar bears and humans.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

The wildlife consists largely of polar bears.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

Warnings about the future of the polar bear are often contrasted with the fact that worldwide population estimates have increased over the past 50 years and are relatively stable today.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

A subsequent in depth international independent study, Re-Assessment of the Baffin Bay and Kane Basin Polar Bear Subpopulations: Final Report to the Canada-Greenland Joint Commission on Polar Bear has determined that polar bear populations are not declining overall and are increasing significantly in some areas.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

The polar bear has become a powerful discursive symbol in the fight against climate change.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

The Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears is a multilateral treaty signed in Oslo, November 15, 1973 by the five nations with the largest polar bear populations : Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Norway (Svalbard), the United States, and the Soviet Union.


Question: The polar bear population has been growing.

Rising global temperatures, caused by the greenhouse effect, contribute to habitat destruction, endangering various species, such as the polar bear.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

It has been postulated that ionized particles known as cosmic rays could impact cloud cover and thereby the climate.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

"Cosmic rays blamed for global warming".


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

They also found that galactic cosmic rays, and total solar irradiance did not have any statistically significant influence on changes in cloud cover.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

"Cosmic Rays and Global Warming".


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

This documentary presents the work done to develop the theory that cloud cover change is caused by variations in cosmic rays as the major originator of global climate variation.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

The view that cosmic rays could provide the mechanism by which changes in solar activity affect climate is not supported by the literature.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

Climate change refers to a lasting change in the Earth's climate.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), biotic processes (e.g., plants), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

Climate change means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

The climate change referred to may be due to natural causes, e.g., changes in the sun's output, or due human activities, e.g., changing the composition of the atmosphere.


Question: Climate change is due to cosmic rays.

Radiative forcing or climate forcing is the difference between insolation (sunlight) absorbed by the Earth and energy radiated back to space.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

A study released in 2009, combined historical weather station data with satellite measurements to deduce past temperatures over large regions of the continent, and these temperatures indicate an overall warming trend.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

'Our corrected data set says things have warmed up about 1.65 degrees Fahrenheit.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

This is much colder than the conditions that actually exist at the Earth's surface (the global mean surface temperature is about 14 °C).


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

Even accounting for the presence of internal climate variability, recent years rank among the warmest on record.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

La Niña is the positive and cold phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

The climate of the Arctic region has varied significantly in the past.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

These changes are often a sign of a changing climate.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

Because of global warming there has been a marked trend towards more variable and anomalous weather.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

In at least some areas, the recent period appears to be warmer than has been the case for a thousand or more years".


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

In 2007 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration stated that the "U.S. and global annual temperatures are now approximately 1.0°F warmer than at the start of the 20th century, and the rate of warming has accelerated over the past 30 years, increasing globally since the mid-1970s at a rate approximately three times faster than the century-scale trend.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

A temperature anomaly is measured against a reference value or long-term average.


Question: NOAA has adjusted past temperatures to look colder than they were and recent temperatures to look warmer than they were.

Consistent with Schmidt's comment, the NASA / NOAA announcement stated that "globally-averaged temperatures in 2016 were 1.78 degrees Fahrenheit (0.99 degrees Celsius) warmer than the mid-20th century mean" and that the impact of El Niño warming was estimated to have "increased the annual global temperature anomaly for 2016 by 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit (0.12 degrees Celsius)."


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

The main reinforcing feedbacks are the water vapour feedback, the ice–albedo feedback, and probably the net effect of clouds.


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3).


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

After water vapour (concentrations of which humans have limited capacity to influence) carbon dioxide is the most abundant and stable greenhouse gas in the atmosphere (methane rapidly reacts to form water vapour and carbon dioxide).


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are the primary greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

Water vapor is the most abundant greenhouse gas and is the largest contributor to the natural greenhouse effect, despite having a short atmospheric lifetime (about 10 days).


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

One of the products of burning hydrocarbons with oxygen is water vapour, a greenhouse gas.


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

By their percentage contribution to the greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases are: water vapor, 36–70% carbon dioxide, 9–26% methane, 4–9% ozone, 3–7% It is not possible to assign a specific percentage to each gas because the absorption and emission bands of the gases overlap (hence the ranges given above).


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

Water vapor is the most potent greenhouse gas owing to the presence of the hydroxyl bond which strongly absorbs in the infra-red region of the light spectrum.


Question: The main greenhouse gas is water vapour[…]

That’s important because water vapor is a greenhouse gas just like carbon dioxide and methane.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Global warming not only causes changes in tropical cyclones, it may also make some impacts from them worse via sea level rise.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

"It's a fact: climate change made Hurricane Harvey more deadly".


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

The Gulf of Mexico is known for hurricanes in August, so their incidence alone cannot be attributed to global warming, but the warming climate does influence certain attributes of storms.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Weather events are due to multiple factors, and so cannot be said to be caused by one precondition, but climate change affects aspects of extreme events, and very likely worsened some of the impacts of Harvey.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

"Storm Harvey: impacts likely worsened due to global warming".


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Global warming also affects weather patterns as they pertain to cyclones.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

This is worsened by extreme weather events caused by climate change.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.".


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

Global warming could lead to substantial alterations in climate extremes, such as tropical cyclones, heat waves and severe precipitation events.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

The EPA has determined that greenhouse gas pollution causes global temperature warming, leading to harmful changes to the environment and human health globally such as increased drought and increased famine due to decrease in water supply and agricultural production.


Question: [climate scientists] say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

The effects of global warming such as extreme weather events, droughts, floods, biodiversity loss, disease and sea level rise are dangerous for humans and the environment.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The fast rate of the sea ice melting is resulting in the oceans absorbing and heating up the Arctic.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

Not only does this increase the absorption of sunlight, it also increases melting and sea level rise.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

In the Arctic, the area of ocean covered by sea ice increases over winter from a minimum in September to a maximum in March or sometimes February, before melting over the summer.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

An example of a proposed causal chain leading to more warming is the decline of Arctic sea ice, potentially triggering subsequent release of ocean methane.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

"Q&A: How is Arctic warming linked to the 'polar vortex' and other extreme weather?".


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

Melting Arctic ice caps are likely to increase traffic through the Arctic Ocean.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

As Arctic ice melts and shipping activity increases, emissions originating within the Arctic are expected to rise.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

Arctic Sea ice melts in the summer, and more of the sun is being absorbed by the ocean.


Question: “The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

As it travels north, the warm water transported by the Gulf Stream undergoes evaporative cooling.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that July 2019 was the hottest month on record globally, at 0.95 °C (1.71 °F) above the 20th century average.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

Across the country, the average summer temperatures have increased leading to record-breaking hot weather, with the early summer of 2019 the hottest on record.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

August 2018 was hotter and windier than the average.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

Although there has been recent debate, there is consensus that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be due to the North Atlantic Current which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

The sea temperature during the summer months is up to 25 degrees.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

The year 2016 was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

The Atlantic is set to warm at a faster pace than the Pacific.


Question: But despite [the Gulf Stream], the summer of 2018 looks set to be one of the hottest on record.

Several weather records were broken in the United Kingdom, including a new record for the country's highest ever recorded temperature of at Faversham in Kent on 10 August, which remained the highest recorded temperature in the UK until the heatwave in July 2019.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

Since the start of the 20th century, the global mean surface temperature of the Earth has increased by more than 0.7°C and the rate of warming has been largest in the last 30 years.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

Models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) between 1990 and 2100.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

In Nepal, the temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celsius over the last decade, whereas globally, the Earth has warmed approximately 0.7 degrees Celsius over the last hundred years.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: world temperatures, because they have gone up only very slowly, less than half as fast as the scientific consensus predicted in 1990

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

The species said to be most at risk for endangerment or extinction are populations that are not of conservation concern.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

Given the potential threat to marine ecosystems and its ensuing impact on human society and economy, especially as it acts in conjunction with anthropogenic global warming, there is an urgent need for immediate action."


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

In case of the public opinion on climate change, no imminent danger is perceived.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

In the case of climate change an action that needs to be taken is one that influences them rather than the other way around.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system".


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

President Obama said in September 2009 that if the international community would not act swiftly to deal with climate change that "we risk consigning future generations to an irreversible catastrophe...The security and stability of each nation and all peoples—our prosperity, our health, and our safety—are in jeopardy, and the time we have to reverse this tide is running out.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

Action is necessary now, before climate change moves beyond man’s control.


Question: Climate change need not endanger anyone”

"Adaptation To Global Climate Change Is An Essential Response To A Warming Planet".


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

Earth is very close to being in radiative equilibrium, the situation where the incoming solar energy is balanced by an equal flow of heat to space; under that condition, global temperatures will be relatively stable.


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

Climate has been fairly stable over the Holocene.


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

The Earth's heat content is about .


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

If Earth was to experience an equilibrium temperature change of (°C) due to a sustained forcing of (W/m), then:


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

"Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature".


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."


Question: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

Hippocrates and Medical Education: Selected Papers Presented at the XIIth International Hippocrates Colloquium, Universiteit Leiden, 24-26 August 2005.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

The Hitler Diaries (German: Hitler-Tagebücher) were a series of sixty volumes of journals purportedly written by Adolf Hitler, but forged by Konrad Kujau between 1981 and 1983.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

More importantly, according to Harris, it was decided that they should not have the material examined by a forensic scientist or historian until every diary had been obtained.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

While the discussions between Murdoch and Sorge were taking place, the diaries were examined by Broyle and his Newsweek team.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

29 July 2002.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.

``Global Equity'' (Moscow, 2004, 2007)


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: Klaus-Martin Schulte examined all papers published from 2004 to February 2007.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

It is thought that there have been at least 30 El Niño events since 1900, with the 1982–83, 1997–98 and 2014–16 events among the strongest on record.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

The 2014–16 El Niño was a warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that resulted in unusually warm waters developing between the coast of South America and the International Date Line.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

This long-term trend is the main cause for the record warmth of 2015 and 2016, surpassing all previous years—even ones with strong El Niño events."


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

2016 was the warmest year on record.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

The El Niño event also contributed to the Earth's warming trend, with 2014 and 2015 being two of the warmest years on record.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean responsible for most of the global variability in temperature, and has a cycle between two and seven years.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

Of the 2015 and 2016 records, Schmidt stated that the 2014–16 El Niño event was "a factor ... but both 2015 and 2016 would have been records even without it"; he attributed about 90% of the warming in 2016 to anthropogenic climate change.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregularly periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics.


Question: The record warm years of 2015 and 2016 were primarily caused by the super El Nino.’”

During El Nino events, deep convection and heat transfer to the troposphere is enhanced over the anomalously warm sea surface temperature, this ENSO-related tropical forcing generates Rossby waves that propagate poleward and eastward and are subsequently refracted back from the pole to the tropics.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

It shows a general warming in global temperatures.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C, in the period 1880 to 2012, based on multiple independently produced datasets.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level."


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

The Earth's heat content is about .


Question: The most recent satellite data show that the earth as a whole is warming.

The current scientific opinion on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

The OISM website states that "several members of the Institute's staff are also well known for their work on the Petition Project", and that the petition has "more than 31,000" signatures by scientists.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

Robinson asserted in 2008 that the petition has over 31,000 signatories, with 9,000 of these holding a PhD degree.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

As of 2013, the petition's website states, "The current list of 31,487 petition signers includes 9,029 PhD; 7,157 MS; 2,586 MD and DVM; and 12,715 BS or equivalent academic degrees.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

These scientists include:


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists, consisting of over 62,000 members from 144 countries.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

Several scientists (including e.g.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

The petition has also been signed by at least two Nobel Prize winners and Jonas Salk.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

Numerous scientists, including the Council for Sustainable Development


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

A number of French intellectuals, including prominent names, signed the petition.


Question: Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project.

The list includes scientists from several specialities or disciplines.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

Other scientists were initially sceptical and believed the greenhouse effect to be saturated so that adding more CO 2 would make no difference.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

Because CO is close to saturation with high concentrations and few infrared absorption bands, the radiation budget and hence the greenhouse effect has low sensitivity to changes in CO concentration: the increase in temperature is roughly logarithmic.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

"How do we know more CO2 is causing warming?".


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

As stated earlier, the CO2 released by soil respiration is a greenhouse gas that will continue to trap energy and increase the global mean temperature if concentrations continue to rise.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

In the 1998 paper, "CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic's view of potential climate change" Idso said: "Several of these cooling forces have individually been estimated to be of equivalent magnitude, but of opposite sign, to the typically predicted greenhouse effect of a doubling of the air’s CO2 content, which suggests to me that little net temperature change will ultimately result from the ongoing buildup of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

Not only do increasing carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

The CO2 fertiliser effect has been greatly overestimated during Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments where results show increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere enhances photosynthesis, reduce transpiration, and increase water use efficiency (WUE).


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

The effects can be combined into an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.


Question: If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect.

One reason for the difference between the two values is due to the greenhouse effect, which increases the average temperature of the Earth's surface.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

Surface water temperatures in the Pacific can vary from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), the freezing point of sea water, in the poleward areas to about 30 °C (86 °F) near the equator.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

At its southeast edge, the circulation around the feature forces a salinity gradient in the ocean, with fresher and warmer waters of the western Pacific lying to its west.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

Cooler and saltier waters lie to its east.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

Water temperatures must be extremely high (near or above 30 °C, 86 °F), and water of this temperature must be sufficiently deep such that waves do not upwell cooler waters to the surface.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

latent heat) at the temperature of the warm ocean surface (during evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms).


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

La Niña is the positive and cold phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

Following the asymmetric nature of the warm and cold phases of ENSO, some studies could not identify such distinctions for La Niña, both in observations and in the climate models, but some sources indicate that there is a variation on La Niña with cooler waters on central Pacific and average or warmer water temperatures on both eastern and western Pacific, also showing eastern Pacific Ocean currents going to the opposite direction compared to the currents in traditional La Niñas.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

Based on modeled and observed accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), El Niño years usually result in less active hurricane seasons in the Atlantic Ocean, but instead favor a shift of tropical cyclone activity in the Pacific Ocean, compared to La Niña years favoring above average hurricane development in the Atlantic and less so in the Pacific basin.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

La Niña episodes are defined as sustained cooling of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, thus resulting in an increase in the strength of the Pacific trade winds, and the opposite effects in Australia when compared to El Niño.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

La Niña (/lɑːˈniːnjə/, Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈniɲa]) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the colder counterpart of El Niño, as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

La Niña, on the other hand, usually causes years which are cooler than the short-term average.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

The cool phase of ENSO is La Niña, with SSTs in the eastern Pacific below average, and air pressure high in the eastern Pacific and low in the western Pacific.


Question: La Niñas, on the other hand, feature cooler than average waters in the Pacific

La Niña (, ) is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Niño as part of the broader El Niño Southern Oscillation climate pattern.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

On 2 June 2019, the city of Churu recorded a temperature of 50.8 °C (123.4 °F), only one-fifth of a degree Celsius short of the country's highest-ever temperature, 51 °C (124 °F) during the 2016 heat wave.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

It holds the record for the highest verified temperature recorded in India at 51 °C (124 °F) on 19 May 2016.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

The highest temperatures recorded in Phalodi during 2016 summers from 18 May to 21 May when it rose up to 51 degrees Celsius.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

Record temperatures were felt in:


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

The highest temperature ever recorded was 38.2 °C (100.8 °F) at the VVC weather station and 39.0 °C (102.2 °F) in the center of Moscow and Domodedovo airport on July 29, 2010 during the unusual 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

This includes the record of , which is currently considered the highest temperature recorded on Earth.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

Several weather records were broken in the United Kingdom, including a new record for the country's highest ever recorded temperature of at Faversham in Kent on 10 August, which remained the highest recorded temperature in the UK until the heatwave in July 2019.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

21 July The latest global analysis of temperature data from NOAA shows that the first half of 2015 was the hottest such period on record, at 0.85 °C (1.53 °F) above the 20th century average, surpassing the previous record set in 2010 by 0.09 °C (0.16 °F).


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

Record temperature extremes range from −28 °F (−33 °C), on January 19, 1971, to 104 °F (40 °C) on July 4, 1911.


Question: Extreme high temperatures were seen from India — where the city of Phalodi recorded temperatures of 51 degrees Celsius (123.8 Fahrenheit) in May, a new national record — to Iran, where a temperature of 53 degrees Celsius (127.4 F) was recorded in Delhoran on July 22.

Mean maximum temperatures range from 19 ° C (66 ° F) in July, to 38 ° C (100 ° F) in January.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

In 2005 the society sponsoring these annual meetings became the International Association for the Study of Environment, Space, and Place, and in 2009 the book series gave way to a peer-reviewed journal, Environment, Space, Place, published semiannually and currently edited by C. Patrick Heidkamp, Troy Paddock, and Christine Petto of Southern Connecticut State University.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Peiser identified an error in this paper in that keywords used in the ISI database search were in fact "global climate change" and not "climate change" as originally stated, which resulted in a correction being published by "Science".


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Bibliography : It is possible to search by author/coauthor, by journal, by GeoReM number, and by keywords.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Benny Josef Peiser (born 1957) is a social anthropologist specialising in the environmental and socio-economic impact of physical activity on health.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

He is an ISI highly cited researcher.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Spiegelhalter is an ISI highly cited researcher.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Jan O. Pedersen (at PARC circa 1990-1996), researcher in search system technology and algorithms


Question: Benny Peiser conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature on the ISI Web of Science database between 1993 and 2003.

Proteins : Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons, which was established in 1986 by Cyrus Levinthal.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

In fact, one site said that it was proven in 1996 that Santer had fraudulently altered the IPCC report.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

Contrarian John Lawrence Daly featured a modified version of the IPCC 1990 schematic, which he mis-identified as appearing in the IPCC 1995 report, and argued that "Overturning its own previous view in the 1995 report, the IPCC presented the 'Hockey Stick' as the new orthodoxy with hardly an apology or explanation for the abrupt U-turn since its 1995 report".


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

In 1995, GCC assembled an advisory committee of scientific and technical experts to compile an internal-only, 17-page report on climate science entitled "Predicting Future Climate Change: A Primer", which said: “The scientific basis for the Greenhouse Effect and the potential impact of human emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 on climate is well established and cannot be denied.” In early 1996, GCC's operating committee asked the advisory committee to redact the sections that rebutted contrarian arguments, and accepted the report and distributed it to members.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

The 2007 Nobel Peace Prize was shared, in two equal parts, between the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change".


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

The coalition report said that Benjamin D. Santer, the lead author of Chapter 8 in the assessment, entitled "Detection of Climate Change and Attribution of Causes," had altered the text, after acceptance by the Working Group, and without approval of the authors, to strike content characterizing the uncertainty of the science.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

This article refers to reports produced by the IPCC.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

Prior to the publication of the Second Assessment Report, the industry group Global Climate Coalition distributed a report entitled "The IPCC: Institutionalized Scientific Cleansing" to reporters, US Congressmen, and scientists, which said that Santer had altered the text, after acceptance by the Working Group, and without approval of the authors, to strike content characterizing the uncertainty of the science.


Question: Ben Santer could not have and did not single-handedly alter the 1995 IPCC report.

Thus it is incorrect to refer to any IPCC official, or scientist who worked on IPCC reports, as a Nobel laureate or Nobel Prize winner.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Sea level rise since 1990 was underestimated in older models, but now agrees well with observations.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming and shifts in precipitation, have been detected worldwide.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Solar irradiance has been measured directly by satellites, and indirect measurements are available beginning in the early 1600s.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Physical climate models are also unable to reproduce the rapid warming observed in recent decades when taking into account only variations in solar output and volcanic activity.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

While the satellite data now show global warming, there is still some difference between what climate models predict and what the satellite data show for warming of the lower troposphere, with the climate models predicting slightly more warming than what the satellites measure.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

While the satellite data now show global warming, there is still a significant difference between what Climate models predict and what the satellite data show for warming of the lower troposphere with the climate models predicting significantly more warming than what the satellites measure.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

less than 14% of the observed global warming.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Globally, most climate models used by the IPCC in preparation of their third assessment in 2007 show a slightly greater warming at the TLT level than at the surface (0.03 °C/decade difference) for 1979–1999 while the GISS trend is +0.161 °C/decade for 1979 to 2012, the lower troposphere trends calculated from satellite data by UAH and RSS are +0.130 °C/decade and +0.206 °C/decade.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

The satellite time series is not homogeneous.


Question: But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

Although the most common measure of global warming is the increase in the near-surface atmospheric temperature, over 90% of the additional energy stored in the climate system over the last 50 years has warmed ocean water.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

A 2005 study concludes human activity is the cause of the temperature rise and resultant changing species behaviour, and links these effects with the predictions of climate models to provide validation for them.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

They reaffirmed their 2007 position statement on climate change "based on the large body of scientific evidence that Earth's climate is warming and that human activity is a contributing factor.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities:


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

Attribution of the temperature change to natural or anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) factors is an important question: see global warming and attribution of recent climate change.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

Attribution sceptics or deniers (who accept the global warming trend but see natural causes for this), [and] doubt that human activities are responsible for the observed trends.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change...


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate (considerable progress since the 1990 report in distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic influences on climate, because of: including aerosols; coupled models; pattern-based studies) Climate is expected to continue to change in the future (increasing realism of simulations increases confidence; important uncertainties remain but are taken into account in the range of model projections) There are still many uncertainties (estimates of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling; models; instrument data for model testing, assessment of variability, and detection studies) The Third Assessment Report (TAR) was completed in 2001 and consists of four reports, three of them from its Working Groups: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Working Group III: Mitigation Synthesis Report A number of the TAR's conclusions are given quantitative estimates of how probable it is that they are correct, e.g., greater than 66% probability of being correct.


Question: They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’”

There is evidence from one study that Antarctica is warming as a result of human carbon dioxide emissions, but this remains ambiguous.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

After an initial warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere will hold more water.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Changing the type of vegetation in a region impacts the local temperature by changing how much sunlight gets reflected back into space, called albedo, and how much heat is lost by evaporation.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

The area is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD).


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

At present (2000 AD), we are in a dry period, but it is expected that the Sahara will become green again in 15000 years (17000 AD).


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

With the temperature of the nearby buildings sometimes reaching over 50 degrees different from the near-surface air temperature, precipitation will warm rapidly, causing runoff into nearby streams, lakes and rivers (or other bodies of water) to provide excessive thermal pollution.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Overall, global warming will result in increased world rainfall.. Activities resulting in global climate change are expected to trigger droughts with a substantial impact on agriculture throughout the world, and especially in developing nations.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Global warming may also cause changes in the precipitation pattern globally, including wetter conditions at high latitudes and in some wet tropical areas, and drier conditions in parts of the subtropics and middle latitudes.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Global warming is also causing changes in the precipitation pattern globally, including wetter conditions across eastern North America and drier conditions in the tropics.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Global warming is the greatest cause of impact to the environment.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

A rise in global temperatures is also predicted to correlate with an increase in global precipitation but because of increased runoff, floods, increased rates of soil erosion, and mass movement of land, a decline in water quality is probable, because while water will carry more nutrients it will also carry more contaminants.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Future global warming is expected to be accompanied by a reduction in rainfall in the subtropics and an increase in precipitation in subpolar latitudes and some equatorial regions.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Increasing temperatures tend to increase evaporation which can lead to more precipitation.


Question: precipitation from global warming will make the world much greener

Increasing temperatures tend to increase evaporation which leads to more precipitation.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

For example, plunged into freezing seas, around 20% of victims die within two minutes from cold shock (uncontrolled rapid breathing, and gasping, causing water inhalation, massive increase in blood pressure and cardiac strain leading to cardiac arrest, and panic); another 50% die within 15–30 minutes from cold incapacitation (inability to use or control limbs and hands for swimming or gripping, as the body "protectively" shuts down the peripheral muscles of the limbs to protect its core).


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

The cold water can also cause heart attack due to vasoconstriction; the heart has to work harder to pump the same volume of blood throughout the body, and for people with heart disease, this additional workload can cause the heart to go into arrest.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

Extreme high temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given day for many reasons: people with heart problems are vulnerable because one's cardiovascular system must work harder to keep the body cool during hot weather, heat exhaustion, and some respiratory problems increase.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

Rising temperatures have two opposing direct effects on mortality: higher temperatures in winter reduce deaths from cold; higher temperatures in summer increase heat-related deaths.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

During 1979–1999, a total of 3,829 deaths in the United States were associated with excessive heat due to weather conditions, while in that same period a total of 13,970 deaths were attributed to hypothermia.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

For humans, this occurs when the body is exposed to constant temperatures of approximately 55 ° C, and with prolonged exposure (longer than a few hours) at this temperature and up to around 75 ° C death is almost inevitable.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

Globally, more people die during hot weather than cold weather.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

"The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population".


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

The hunting reaction or hunting response is a process of alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation in extremities exposed to cold.


Question: But more than 7% of deaths are related to cold—counting hypothermia, as well as increased blood pressure and risk of heart attack that results when the body restricts blood flow in response to frigid temperatures.”

Deaths do not just occur from drowning, deaths are connected with dehydration, heat stroke, heart attack and any other illness that needs medical supplies that cannot be delivered.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

The primary driver of this is the ocean, which absorbs anthropogenic CO2 via the so-called solubility pump.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

With current global warming, weathering is increasing, demonstrating significant feedbacks between climate and Earth surface.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.".


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Igneous rock when exposed to a near surface environment absorbs carbon dioxide through a very slow weathering rate, but weathering increases in a warmer, higher rainfall climate, speeding the process.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Enhanced weathering is the removal of carbon from the air into the earth, enhancing the natural carbon cycle where carbon is mineralized into rock.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

The weathering of silicate rock (see carbonate-silicate cycle).


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Climate changes can influence a planet's geological history.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to recent climate change.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

(BBC) 4 April A new, detailed record of past climate change has shown compelling evidence that the last ice age was ended by a rise in temperature driven by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

Carbon dioxide in the rock is then released into the atmosphere.


Question: Since rock weathering reduces atmospheric CO2, this again reinforces the scientific fact that CO2 is a strong driver of climate.

The weathering sequesters CO, by the reaction of minerals with chemicals (especially silicate weathering with CO) and thereby removing CO from the atmosphere and reducing the radiative forcing.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

This decade is on track to become the warmest since records began in 1850, and 2009 could rank among the top-five warmest years, the U.N. weather agency reported Tuesday on the second day of a pivotal 192-nation climate conference.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

In December 2009, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced that the 2000s may have been the warmest decade since records began in 1850, with four of the five warmest years since 1850 having occurred in this decade.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

The temperature was the hottest measured in 68 years.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

The period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere, where such assessment is possible (medium confidence).


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

2016's record meant that 16 of the 17 warmest years have occurred since 2000, 2017 being the third-hottest year on record meant that 17 of the last 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

2016 was the warmest year on record.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report estimates that the upper ocean (surface to 750 m deep) has warmed by 0.09 to 0.13 degrees C per decade over the past 40 years.


Question: Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years, with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010.

"2014 one of the warmest years on record globally".


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in).


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

This network was used, in combination with satellite altimeter data, to establish that global mean sea-level rose 19.5 cm (7.7 in) between 1870 and 2004 at an average rate of about 1.44 mm/yr (1.7 mm/yr during the 20th century).


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

IPCC (2007a:5) reported that since 1961, global average sea level had risen at an average rate of 1.8 [1.3 to 2.3] mm/yr.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

For at least the last 100 years, sea level has been rising at an average rate of about 1.8 mm (0.07 in) per year.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

According to 2007 estimates by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “global average sea level will rise between 0.6 and 2 feet (0.18 to 0.59 meters) in the next century.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

Based on tide gauge data, the rate of global average sea level rise during the 20th century lies in the range 0.8 to 3.3 mm/yr, with an average rate of 1.8 mm/yr.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

"20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise".


Question: Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century.

Global sea levels have been rising as a consequence of thermal expansion and ice melt.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

"Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses".


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

"Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice loss and ocean swell".


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice, sea ice around Antarctica has been expanding as of 2013[update].


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

The net change is a slight increase in the area of sea ice in the Antarctic seas (unlike the Arctic Ocean, which is showing a much stronger decrease in the area of sea ice).


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Sea ice extent expands annually in the Antarctic winter and most of this ice melts in the summer.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Projections of declines in Arctic sea ice vary.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Sea ice has an important effect on the heat balance of the polar oceans, since it insulates the (relatively) warm ocean from the much colder air above, thus reducing heat loss from the oceans.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Arctic Sea ice melts in the summer, and more of the sun is being absorbed by the ocean.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is matched by Antarctic sea ice gain.

Furthermore, sea ice affects the movement of ocean waters.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, and have taken up about a third of CO 2 emitted by human activity.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Presently, oceans are CO2 sinks, and represent the largest active carbon sink on Earth, absorbing more than a quarter of the carbon dioxide that humans put into the air.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

It is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

This increase has occurred despite the uptake of more than half of the emissions by various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it (see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation).


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical or physical processes.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Unanimous agreement was found among the models that future climate change will reduce the efficiency of the land and ocean carbon cycle to absorb human-induced CO. As a result, a larger fraction of human-induced CO will stay airborne if climate change controls the carbon cycle.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Oceans work as a sink absorbing excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide ().


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.


Question: The clearest of these is simple accounting - humans are emitting CO2 at a rate twice as fast as the atmospheric increase (natural sinks are absorbing the other half).

acting as a carbon sink.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

Neither direct measurements nor proxies of solar variation correlate well with Earth global temperature, particularly in recent decades when both quantities are best known.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

Our results show that the observed rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen after 1985 cannot be ascribed to solar variability, whichever of the mechanisms is invoked and no matter how much the solar variation is amplified.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

A study in 2004 concluded that solar activity affects the climate - based on sunspot activity, yet plays only a small role in the current global warming.<ref name="www.mpg.de/english/"></ref>


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9 2007, p. 690: "Recent estimates indicate a relatively small combined effect of natural forcings on the global mean temperature evolution of the second half of the 20th century, with a small net cooling from the combined effects of solar and volcanic forcings."


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

(2009) found that the evidence showed that connections between solar variation and climate were more likely to be mediated by direct variation of insolation rather than cosmic rays, and concluded: "Hence within our assumptions, the effect of varying solar activity, either by direct solar irradiance or by varying cosmic ray rates, must be less than 0.07 °C since 1956, i.e.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

Patterns of solar irradiance and solar variation has been a main driver of climate change over the millennia to gigayears of the geologic time scale, but its role in the recent warming has been found to be insignificant.


Question: Also found was that the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures ended around 1975, hence recent warming must have some other cause than solar variations.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

Donald Trump tweeted in 2012 that the Chinese invented "the concept of global warming" because they believed it would somehow hurt U.S. manufacturing.


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

"The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive" (Tweet).


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

In 2012, Donald Trump claimed that "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive."


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that "climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese."


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

"Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that “climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese.” During his political campaign, he blamed China for doing little helping the environment on the earth, but he seemed to ignore many projects organized by China to slow global warming.


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

Trump is a climate change skeptic, who in 2012 tweeted that he believed the concept of global warming was created by China in order to impair American competitiveness.


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

President Donald Trump has spoken out against the Green New Deal and has referred to climate change as a “hoax.”


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

This was a significant milestone, as Trump once tweeted that "the concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

In a speech given to the US Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works on July 28, 2003, entitled "The Science of Climate Change", Senator James Inhofe (Republican, for Oklahoma) concluded by asking the following question: "With all of the hysteria, all of the fear, all of the phony science, could it be that man-made global warming is the greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people?


Question: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

On June 1, 2017, United States President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. would cease all participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

These measurements indicate that the Sun's total solar irradiance has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be directly attributed to an increase in total solar energy reaching the Earth (see graph above, left).


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

In the three decades since 1978, the combination of solar and volcanic activity probably had a slight cooling influence on the climate.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

In the three decades following 1978, the combination of solar and volcanic activity is estimated to have had a slight cooling influence.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

These measurements indicate that the Sun's total solar irradiance fluctuates by +-0.1% over the ~11 years of the solar cycle, but that its average value has been stable since the measurements started in 1978.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

Sunspots number is correlated with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements became available.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

Solar activity has been on a declining trend since the 1960s, as indicated by solar cycles 19-24, in which the maximum number of sunspots were 201, 111, 165, 159, 121 and 82, respectively.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

The assessment of the solar activity/climate relationship involves multiple, independent lines of evidence.


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

A study in 2004 concluded that solar activity affects the climate - based on sunspot activity, yet plays only a small role in the current global warming.<ref name="www.mpg.de/english/"></ref>


Question: Various independent measurements of solar activity all confirm the sun has shown a slight cooling trend since 1978.

From November 1978 through March 2011, Earth's atmosphere has warmed at an average rate of about 0.14 C per decade, according to the UAHuntsville satellite record.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Further examples include sea level rise, widespread melting of snow and land ice, increased heat content of the oceans, increased humidity, and the earlier timing of spring events, such as the flowering of plants.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased "Myths vs. Facts: Denial of Petitions for Reconsideration of the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act".


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level."


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report stated that: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as evidenced by increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Global sea levels have been rising as a consequence of thermal expansion and ice melt.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Thermal expansion of water and increased melting of oceanic glaciers from an increase in temperature gives way to a rise in sea level.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

These include increases in air and water temperatures, reduced frost days, increased frequency and intensity of heavy downpours, a rise in sea level, and reduced snow cover, glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Recent global warming has caused mountain glaciers and the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica to melt and global sea level to rise.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

As the climate warms, snow cover and sea ice extent decrease.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

Ongoing effects include rising sea levels due to thermal expansion and melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and warming of the ocean surface, leading to increased temperature stratification.


Question: The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.

The three main reasons warming causes global sea level to rise are: oceans expand, ice sheets lose ice faster than it forms from snowfall, and glaciers at higher altitudes also melt.


Question: Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

The percentage of baby corals being born on the Great Barrier Reef dropped drastically in 2018 and scientists are describing it as the early stage of a "huge natural selection event unfolding".


Question: Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

"Great Barrier Reef has 'lost half its coral since 1985'".


Question: Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

"Great Barrier Reef 2050 plan no longer achievable due to climate change, experts say".


Question: Great Barrier Reef may perish by 2030s

The IPCC's moderate warming scenarios (B1 to A1T, 2 °C by 2100, IPCC, 2007, Table SPM.3, p. 13) forecast that corals on the Great Barrier Reef are very likely to regularly experience summer temperatures high enough to induce bleaching.