Question: “Because CO₂ acts as a fertilizer, as much as half of all vegetated land is persistently greener today.

Roughly half of each year's CO2 emissions have been absorbed by plants on land and in oceans.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

Edward later fell out with the king over the proposal that the Roman Catholic James II should succeed to the throne on Charles's death, and after the discovery of the Rye House Plot in 1683 the castle was searched by royal officials looking for stocks of weapons that might be used in a possible revolt.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

Kightly suggests that the castle was sold to the Houlton family in 1705, rather than 1730; Jackson disagrees.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

Both fighters are former boxers and had discussed a potential fight in their futures since early 2008.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The Last Valley (1959), by John Pick, is about two men fleeing the Thirty Years' War.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The Last Valley (1971) is a film starring Michael Caine and Omar Sharif, who discover a temporary haven from the Thirty Years' War.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The asteroids have long been suggested as possible sites for human colonization.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The practice had been going on for a number of years.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

Since c. 1984 H.H. ``Hoot'' Haddock from Florence, Alabama has been working on perfecting a polystyrene-based building system that would be faster and easier to construct than wood framed buildings, while having superior insulation and strength.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The Chamberlin -- Moulton planetesimal hypothesis was proposed in 1905 by geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin and astronomer Forest Ray Moulton to describe the formation of the solar system.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

It extends to the rim of the crater Moulton.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

So, lakes may have been around much longer than previously thought.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The development of the site will take place over many years.


Question: “Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

Possible early references go back around 2000 years.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Perry was re-elected to a second full term in office, winning 39% of the vote to Bell's 30%, Strayhorn's 18% and Friedman's 12%.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Exit polls revealed that Perry won the Anglo vote with 46%, while Bell got 22%, Strayhorn got 16% and Friedman got 15%.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

When then presidential candidate Rick Perry suggested that scientists were frequently questioning "that manmade global warming is what is causing the climate to change.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

The phrase originated from a speech made by Secretary Rick Perry in Brussels earlier that month.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

There are differences between the opinion of scientists and that of the general public.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Former Governor of Texas Rick Perry is the current Secretary of Energy.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Now, that's not me talking, those are the scientists that say that.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

Other scientists were skeptical.


Question: "I mean, it - I mean - and I tell somebody, I said, just because you have a group of scientists that have stood up and said here is the fact, Galileo got outvoted for a spell" (Texas Governor Rick Perry)

In the scientific community, I am not alone.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Scientists have determined that the major factors causing the current climate change are greenhouse gases, land use changes, and aerosols and soot.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

If this energy balance is shifted, Earth's surface becomes warmer or cooler, leading to a variety of changes in global climate.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

A number of natural and man-made mechanisms can affect the global energy balance and force changes in Earth's climate.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Climate change can increase atmospheric methane levels by increasing methane production in natural ecosystems, forming a Climate change feedback.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

"Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock".


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 34 compared to CO2 (potential of 1) over a 100-year period, and 72 over a 20-year period.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to recent climate change.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Further, methane is a potent greenhouse gas as it is released into the atmosphere, so it causes warming, and as the ocean transports this warmth to the bottom sediments, it destabilizes more clathrates.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Methane in the Earth's atmosphere is a strong greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 104 times greater than CO2 in a 20-year time frame; methane is not as persistent a gas as CO2 (assuming no change in carbon sequestration rates) and tails off to about GWP of 28 for a 100-year time frame.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Methane is a major target greenhouse gas and in the 4th protocol report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is recommended to increase from a x23 to x72 multiplier because of the magnitude of its effect relative to carbon dioxide and short longevity in Earth 's atmosphere.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

Methane is a greenhouse gas, and methanogens play a critical role in global warming and the global carbon cycle via the production of methane.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

These emissions contribute to global climate change as methane is a potent greenhouse gas.


Question: Methane is the only cause of climate change.

CO, NO and CH are common greenhouse gases and CO is the largest contributor to climate change.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is the most outstanding coral reef system in the world because of its great length, number of individual reefs and species diversity.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

The percentage of baby corals being born on the Great Barrier Reef dropped drastically in 2018 and scientists are describing it as the early stage of a "huge natural selection event unfolding".


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

Coral reefs are one of the most well-known marine ecosystems in the world, with the largest being the Great Barrier Reef.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

The Great Barrier Reef along the coast of Australia experienced bleaching events in 1980, 1982, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2016 and 2017.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

Wilson Island (Queensland), an island on the Great Barrier Reef


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

Sea level on the Great Barrier Reef has not changed significantly in the last 6,000 years.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

"Coral islands defy sea-level rise over the past century: Records from a central Pacific atoll".


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

Battle for the Reef – Four Corners – ABC.au Great Barrier Reef scientists confirm largest die-off of corals recorded.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

An effect called coral bleaching can be seen on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, where ocean acidification's effects are already taking place.


Question: Great Barrier Reef is in good shape.

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is responsible for the care and protection of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Texas's Rio Grande Valley has seen significant migration from across the U.S.–Mexico border.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Within the region, desert/semi-desert (California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas), Mediterranean (California), humid subtropical (Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee), and tropical (Florida) climates can be found.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Florida is a state located in the Southern United States.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Minnesota has a continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

The U.S. climate is temperate in most areas, tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida, polar in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the 100th meridian, Mediterranean in coastal California and arid in the Great Basin.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

There are multiple generations per year in Florida and Texas.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Climate change can be an important driver of migration, both within and between countries.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

Texas is a state located in the Southern United States.


Question: Migration patterns show people heading for warm states like Texas and Florida, not snowy Minnesota and Michigan.”

They are partial migrants, with some populations moving south in winter.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

By addressing climate change, we can avoid the costs associated with the effects of climate change.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

The Real Global Warming Disaster ("Is the Obsession with 'Climate Change' Turning Out to Be the Most Costly Scientific Blunder in History?")


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

Losses caused by catastrophes, defined by the property insurance industry as storms causing insured losses over $5 million in the year of occurrence, have grown steadily in the United States from about $100 million annually in the 1950s to $6 billion per year in the 1990s, and the annual number of catastrophes grew from 10 in the 1950s to 35 in the 1990s.” Authors have pointed to several reasons why commercial insurance markets cannot adequately cover risks associated with climate change (Arrow et al., 1996, p. 72).


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

A changing climate also results in economic burdens.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

The European Environment Agency (EEA) reported in 2017 that climate-related extreme events accounted ca €400 billion ($430 billion) of economic losses in EEA area from 1980 to 2013, and were responsible for 85,000 deaths during 1980-2013.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation.


Question: "Disasters Cost More Than Ever — But Not Because of Climate Change" (Roger Pielke Jr.)

Global losses reveal rapidly rising costs due to extreme weather-related events since the 1970s.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO 2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

The gaseous products of complete reaction are typically carbon dioxide, steam, and nitrogen.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

The most common gases in Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (0.9%).


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Natural gas (also called fossil gas) is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Like landfill gas, biogas is mostly methane and carbon dioxide, with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Atmospheric carbon dioxide plays an integral role in the Earth's carbon cycle whereby carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by some natural processes such as photosynthesis and deposition of carbonates, to form limestones for example, and added back to the atmosphere by other natural processes such as respiration and the acid dissolution of carbonate deposits.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon fixation is a biochemical process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated by plants, algae and (cyanobacteria) into energy-rich organic molecules such as glucose, thus creating their own food by photosynthesis.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon dioxide hydrate is a snow-like crystalline substance composed of water ice and carbon dioxide.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon dioxide is the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

After water vapour (concentrations of which humans have limited capacity to influence) carbon dioxide is the most abundant and stable greenhouse gas in the atmosphere (methane rapidly reacts to form water vapour and carbon dioxide).


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that increases radiative forcing and contributes to global warming along with ocean acidification.


Question: Carbon dioxide is a non-condensable atmospheric gas like nitrogen and oxygen

While transparent to visible light, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies (see the section "Structure and bonding" above).


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) in a moderate scenario, or as much as 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) in an extreme scenario, depending on the rate of future greenhouse gas emissions and on climate feedback effects.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

In one model, the average temperature of Earth following a full thermonuclear war falls for several years by 7 to 8 degrees Celsius (13 to 15 degrees Fahrenheit) on average.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

The average surface temperature could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 1.67 to 5.56 degrees Celsius) by the end of the century if carbon emissions aren't reduced.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

Over the last 100 years the Earth's temperature has increased 0.6 degrees Celsius and it is predicted to increase an additional 3.5 degrees over the next century.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

Models referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) between 1990 and 2100.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

The "likely" range (as assessed to have a greater than 66% probability of being correct, based on the IPCC's expert judgment) is a projected increase in global mean temperature over the 21st century of between 1.1 and 6.4 °C.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

The total increase in global warming for the century should be ~0.3 °C, rather than the catastrophic warming of 3-6°C (4-11°F) predicted by the IPCC.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

Global warming will likely rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052 if warming continues to increase at the current rate.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

In 2018 the IPCC published a Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C which warned that, if the current rate of greenhouse gas emissions is not mitigated, global warming is likely to reach 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) between 2030 and 2052, risking major crises.


Question: Some experts think we’re on track to hit 550 ppm by the end of the century, which would cause average global temperatures to rise by 6 degrees Celsius

In a scenario where global emissions start to decrease by 2010 and then declined at a sustained rate of 3% per year, the likely global average temperature increase was predicted to be 1.7 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2050, rising to around 2 °C by 2100.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

There is considerable evidence that over the very recent period of the last 100–1000 years, the sharp increases in human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, has caused the parallel sharp and accelerating increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases which trap the sun's heat.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

The history of the Himalayas broadly fits the long-term decrease in Earth's average temperature since the mid-Eocene, 40 million years ago.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

The Altai region has also experienced an overall temperature increase of 1.2 degrees Celsius in the last 120 years according to a report from 2006, with most of that increase occurring since the late 20th century.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

Evidence for warming accumulated.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

Warming in the last 100 years has caused about a 0.74 °C increase in global average temperature.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

The retreat of mountain glaciers, notably in western North America, Asia, the Alps and tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa and Indonesia, provide evidence for the rise in global temperatures since the late 19th century.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

In Nepal, the temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celsius over the last decade, whereas globally, the Earth has warmed approximately 0.7 degrees Celsius over the last hundred years.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.


Question: There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

The El Niño phenomenon was blamed for the unusually high sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean that moved east, thus pulling rainfall along with it.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Eric Klinenberg has noted that in the United States, the loss of human life in hot spells in summer exceeds that caused by all other weather events combined, including lightning, rain, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

The most deadly heat wave in the history of Pakistan is the record-breaking heat wave of summer 2010 which occurred in the last ten days of May.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Rapid, dramatic temperature swings were common, with temperatures sometimes reverting from normal or above-normal summer temperatures as high as 95 °F (35 °C) to near-freezing within hours.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Studies published in 2017 and 2018 identified stalling patterns of rossby waves, in the northern hemisphere jet stream, to have caused almost stationary extreme weather events, such as the 2018 European heatwave, the 2003 European heat wave, 2010 Russian heat wave, 2010 Pakistan floods - these events have been linked to global warming, the rapid heating of the Arctic.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

"Q&A: How is Arctic warming linked to the 'polar vortex' and other extreme weather?".


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Polar regions are characterized by the polar climate, extremely cold temperatures, heavy glaciation wherever there is sufficient precipitation to form permanent ice, and extreme variations in daylight hours, with twenty-four hours of daylight in summer, and complete darkness at mid-winter.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

As climate change proceeds, more EM outbreaks may occur because of the extreme weather events that are projected to increase in coming decades thus making Erythromelalgia the first known disease, that isn't of infectious origin, that could be directly affected by climate change.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Studies have linked rapidly warming Arctic temperatures, and thus a vanishing cryosphere, to extreme weather in mid-latitudes.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

"The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population".


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

This La Niña, combined with record-high ocean temperatures in the north-eastern Indian Ocean, was a large factor in the 2010–2011 Queensland floods, and the quartet of recent heavy snowstorms in North America starting with the December 2010 North American blizzard.


Question: Severe ‘snowmageddon’ winters are now strongly linked to soaring polar temperatures, say researchers, with deadly summer heatwaves and torrential floods also probably linked.

Rising temperatures have two opposing direct effects on mortality: higher temperatures in winter reduce deaths from cold; higher temperatures in summer increase heat-related deaths.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

Human activities have caused CO 2 to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

Rennie 2009: "Claim 1: Anthropogenic CO2 can't be changing climate, because CO2 is only a trace gas in the atmosphere and the amount produced by humans is dwarfed by the amount from volcanoes and other natural sources.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

"Warming 'very likely' human-made".


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

While ‘climate change’ can be due to natural forces or human activity, there is now substantial evidence to indicate that human activity – and specifically increased greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions – is a key factor in the pace and extent of global temperature increases.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

"Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming – UN report".


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

There is a scientific consensus linking human activities to global warming due to industrial carbon dioxide emissions.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

Coal is the largest contributor to the human-made increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

In 2007 climate scientists of the IPCC concluded that there was at least a 90% probability that atmospheric increase in CO2 was human-induced, mostly as a result of fossil fuel emissions but, to a lesser extent from changes in land use.


Question: There is no question whatsoever that the CO2 increase is human-caused.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

The effect can be so pronounced that during extreme events, it is not possible to obtain quality images of the Sun or stars.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

Timescales of events described as 'abrupt' may vary dramatically.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

This blockade causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

"Domino-effect of climate events could move Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

A floodgate effect is situation in which a small action can result in a far greater effect with no easily discernible limit.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

"Domino-effect of climate events could push Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

Climate Action Tracker "Domino-effect of climate events could push Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

During certain extreme space weather events solar wind can interfere with transmissions.


Question: This “blocking” effect means extreme events can unfold.”

A process that is blocked is one that is waiting for some event, such as a resource becoming available or the completion of an I/O operation.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

The mean extent of the ice has been decreasing since 1980 from the average winter value of 15,600,000 km2 (6,023,200 sq mi) at a rate of 3% per decade.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

In August 2013, Arctic sea ice extent averaged 6.09m km2, which represents 1.13 million km2 below the 1981–2010 average for that month.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

In comparison to the extended record, the sea-ice extent in the polar region by September 2007 was only half the recorded mass that had been estimated to exist within the 1950–1970 period.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

The climate of the Arctic region has varied significantly in the past.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

Arctic sea ice extent ice hit an all-time low in September 2012, when the ice was determined to cover only 24% of the Arctic Ocean, offsetting the previous low of 29% in 2007.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

The amount of multi-year sea ice in the Arctic has declined considerably in recent decades.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

Global warming has led to decades of shrinking and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, making it vulnerable to atmospheric anomalies.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice.


Question: Arctic sea ice extent was lower in the past.

Observation with satellites show that Arctic sea ice area, extent, and volume have been in decline for a few decades.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Plant species with the greatest photosynthetic rates and Kranz anatomy showed no apparent photorespiration, very low CO2 compensation point, high optimum temperature, high stomatal resistances and lower mesophyll resistances for gas diffusion and rates never saturated at full sun light.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Stomatal density and aperture (length of stomata) varies under a number of environmental factors such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, light intensity, air temperature and photoperiod (daytime duration).


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

These studies imply the plants response to changing CO2 levels is largely controlled by genetics.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

The CO2 fertiliser effect has been greatly overestimated during Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments where results show increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere enhances photosynthesis, reduce transpiration, and increase water use efficiency (WUE).


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Rates of leaf photosynthesis were shown to increase by 30–50% in C3 plants, and 10–25% in C4 under doubled CO2 levels.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affects plants in a variety of ways.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

One study using evidence from stomata of fossilized leaves suggests greater variability, with carbon dioxide mole fractions above 300 ppm during the period seven to ten thousand years ago, though others have argued that these findings more likely reflect calibration or contamination problems rather than actual CO 2 variability.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

When CO levels rise in the atmosphere the temperature increases and plants grow.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

New approaches retrieve data such as CO 2 content of past atmospheres from fossil leaf stomata and isotope composition, measuring cellular CO2 concentrations.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Transpiration from plants can be affected by a rise in atmospheric CO, which can decrease their use of water, but can also raise their use of water from possible increases of leaf area.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

The isotopic signature of plants shows higher degree of C depletion than the plants, due to variation in fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis across plant types.


Question: Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

During active photosynthesis, plants can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they release in respiration.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

Ordinary degrees are at level 9 and require 360 credits with a minimum of 90 at level 9.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

a diatomic molecule) in a 3-D space with constant distance between them (let's say d) we can show (below) its degrees of freedom to be 5.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

The latitude of the Earth's equator is, by definition, 0° (zero degrees) of arc.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

Taught master's degrees are normally one to two year courses, rated at 60 - 120 ECTS credits, while research master's degrees are normally two year courses, either rated at 120 ECTS credits or not credit rated.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

The average separation for all users of the application is 5.73 degrees, whereas the maximum degree of separation is 12.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

IPCC authors concluded ECS is very likely to be greater than 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) and likely to lie in the range 2 to 4.5 °C (4 to 8.1 °F), with a most likely value of about 3 °C (5 °F).


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

As estimated by the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), "there is high confidence that ECS is extremely unlikely less than 1°C and medium confidence that the ECS is likely between 1.5°C and 4.5°C and very unlikely greater than 6°C".


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

They also stated that ECS is extremely unlikely to be less than 1 °C (1.8 °F) (high confidence), and is very unlikely to be greater than 6 °C (11 °F) (medium confidence).


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

It is likely to be in the range of 2 to 4.5 °C, with a best estimate of about 3 °C.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

A temperature interval of 1 °F is equal to an interval of 5⁄9 degrees Celsius.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

The estimate is uncertain, but probably lies within 0.5 °C of the true value.


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

The temperature coefficient of most of the reactions lies between - 2 & 3


Question: It shows that ECS is probably between two and 4.5 degrees, possibly as low as 1.5 but not lower, and possibly as high as nine degrees.

In SI units, the Planck temperature is about 1.417×1032 kelvin (equivalently, degrees Celsius, since the difference is trivially small at this scale), or 2.55×1032 degrees Fahrenheit or Rankine.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

As a result of melting ice, the land has continued to rise yearly in Scandinavia, mostly in northern Sweden and Finland where the land is rising at a rate of as much as 8–9 mm per year, or 1 meter in 100 years.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

At the end of the last ice age, between 10,000 and 11,500 years ago, the sea level was about 175 meters higher than it is today.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

As the great ice sheets began to melt, around 11,000 years ago, the sea level started to rise.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

It was above sea level during the last ice age.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

In 2018, scientists concluded that high sea levels some 125,000 years ago, which were 6–9 m (20–30 ft) higher than today, were most likely due to the absence of the WAIS, and found evidence that the ice sheet collapsed under climate conditions similar to those of today.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

According to 2007 estimates by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “global average sea level will rise between 0.6 and 2 feet (0.18 to 0.59 meters) in the next century.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising.


Question: In the 11,400 years since the end of the last Ice Age, sea  level has risen at an average of 4 feet/century, though it is now rising  much more slowly because very nearly all of the land-based ice that is  at low enough latitudes and altitudes to melt has long since gone."

The consensus of many studies of coastal tide gauge records is that during the past century sea level has risen worldwide at an average rate of 1–2 mm/yr reflecting a net flux of heat into the surface of the land and oceans.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Most carbon dioxide from human activities is released from burning coal and other fossil fuels.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

The main sources of greenhouse gases due to human activity are: burning of fossil fuels and deforestation leading to higher carbon dioxide concentrations in the air.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

At present, the primary source of CO 2 emissions is the burning of coal, natural gas, and petroleum for electricity and heat.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Network of African Science Academies: "A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change."


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

A consensus, based on current evidence, now exists within the global scientific community that human activities are the main source of climate change and that the burning of fossil fuels is largely responsible for driving this change...


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Modern climate change is driven by the human emissions of greenhouse gas from the burning of fossil fuel driving up global mean surface temperatures.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Global warming is the result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations which is caused primarily by the combustion of fossil energy sources such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and to an unknown extent by destruction of forests, increased methane, volcanic activity and cement production.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Accumulation of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, mainly being emitted by people burning fossil fuels, is causing global warming.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Burning hydrocarbons as fuel, producing carbon dioxide and water, is a major contributor to anthropogenic global warming.


Question: They tell us that we are the primary forces controlling earth temperatures by the burning of fossil fuels and releasing their carbon dioxide.

Currently, through land development, combustion of fossil fuels, and pollution, humans are thought to be the main contributor to global climate change.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

Ocean acidification poses a severe threat to the earth's natural process of regulating atmospheric C02 levels, causing a decrease in water's ability to dissolve oxygen and created oxygen-vacant bodies of water called "dead zones."


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

It's yet another reason to be very seriously concerned about the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere now and the additional amount we continue to put out."


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

In a synthesis report published in Science in 2015, 22 leading marine scientists stated that CO 2 from burning fossil fuels is changing the oceans' chemistry more rapidly than at any time since the Great Dying, Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

Ocean acidification is an effect of rising concentrations of [[Carbon dioxide|CO]] in the atmosphere, and is not a direct consequence of global warming.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

"Ocean Growing More Acidic Faster Than Once Thought; Increasing Acidity Threatens Sea Life".


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

• Ocean acidification is projected to continue (very high confidence).


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

He has also written about ocean acidification from a similarly skeptical point of view, arguing that "Even if CO2 increases to 560 ppm by 2050, as the IPCC predict, this would only result in a 0.2 unit reduction of pH.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

"Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO 2-induced ocean acidification".


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

However, Greg Holland from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who reviewed the study, noted: “There is no doubt that the sea level rise, within the IPCC, is a very conservative number, so the truth lies somewhere between IPCC and Jim.” In addition, one 2017 study's scenario, assuming high fossil fuel use for combustion and strong economic growth during this century, projects sea level rise of up to 132 cm (4.3 ft) on average — and an extreme scenario with as much as 189 cm (6.2 ft), by 2100.


Question: “Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

In 1957, better understanding of ocean chemistry led Roger Revelle to a realization that the ocean surface layer had limited ability to absorb carbon dioxide, also predicting the rise in levels of and later being proven by Charles David Keeling.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

We'll scrap the carbon tax so your family will be $550 a year better off.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

He committed to abolishing the carbon tax, to bring down power and gas prices, and to abolishing the mining tax to increase investment and employment.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Labor and the Greens opposed the Coalition's promised abolition of carbon pricing, and the introduction of "direct action" carbon-reduction policies, but the Government secured cross bench support for the repeal of the tax in July 2014.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Heading into the 2013 Australian federal election, the Liberal Party platform included the removal of the 'Carbon Tax', claiming that the election was in effect a referendum on carbon pricing in Australia.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

While any carbon price would not be triggered until after the 2013 election... She would legislate the carbon price next term if sufficient consensus existed", and the federal opposition accused the government of breaking an election promise to not introduce a carbon tax.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

A carbon pricing scheme in Australia, commonly dubbed by its critics as a "carbon tax", was introduced by the Gillard Labor Government in 2011 as the "Clean Energy Act 2011" which came into effect on 1 July 2012.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Carbon tax support:


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Legislative action is one strategy that politicians are using to combat carbon emissions.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Respect - The Unity Coalition were also in favour of a 90% cut in carbon emissions by 2050, but did not express a view on the bill.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

In response to a question on the sense of urgency of the SR15 report during a 9 October interview on CBC News's "Power and Politics" Andrew Scheer, the Leader of the Opposition, promised that they are putting forward a "comprehensive plan to reduce CO2 without imposing a carbon tax" which Scheer said "raised costs without actually reducing emissions.


Question: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

Following her election as party leader, in various policy announcements in the lead up to the 2010 election, Prime Minister Gillard and Treasurer Wayne Swan gave assurances that no carbon tax would be introduced by a Gillard led government, but that a "citizens' assembly" would be called to sound out public support for a price on carbon.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

"Reduction in surface climate change achieved by the 1987 Montreal Protocol".


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

Multiple independently produced instrumental datasets confirm that the 2009–2018 decade was 0.93 ± 0.07 °C warmer than the pre-industrial baseline (1850–1900).


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

The Framework Convention was agreed on in 1992, but global emissions have risen since then.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

Crucifix 2016 Jull & McKenzie 1996.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

He said there had probably been no global warming since the 1940s, and "Satellite data show no appreciable warming of the global atmosphere since 1979.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

One of the issues that has been raised in the media is the view that global warming "stopped in 1998".


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

Jones, 1995.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

1995 saw the creation of the phrase "preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (also called "avoiding dangerous climate change") first appeared in a policy document of a governmental organization, the IPCC's Second Assessment Report: Climate Change 1995. and in 1996 the European Union adopt a goal of limiting temperature rises to a maximum 2 °C rise in average global temperature.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

In March 2015, he said that some people are "global warming alarmists" and, citing satellite temperature measurements, said that there had been no significant warming in 18 years.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

Many commentators quoted one email in which Phil Jones said that he had used "Mike's Nature trick" in a 1999 graph for the World Meteorological Organization "to hide the decline" in proxy temperatures derived from tree-ring analyses when measured temperatures were actually rising.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

On September 2, 1997, Singer said that "The possibility that global temperatures could rise because of an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a concern that needs to be monitored...But there has been no indication in the last century that we've seen anything other than natural climate fluctuations.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

In January 1999, contrarian Patrick Michaels wrote a commentary offering to "take even money that the 10 years ending on December 31, 2007, will show a statistically significant global cooling trend in temperatures measured by satellite", on the basis of his view that record temperatures in 1998 had been a blip.


Question: Phil Jones says no global warming since 1995

A March 2014 episode of the American program "Hannity" featured Moore making the statement that the Earth "has not warmed for the last 17 years" in a debate with pundit Bob Beckel.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Human activities affect marine life and marine habitats through overfishing, pollution, acidification and the introduction of invasive species.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

"Rising levels of acids in seas may endanger marine life, says study".


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of potentially harmful consequences for marine organisms such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms and causing coral bleaching.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Calcium carbonate also becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean acidification is likely to have profound effects on marine organisms with calcareous shells, such as oysters, clams, sea urchins, and corals, because their ability to form shells will be reduced, and the carbonate compensation depth will rise closer to the sea surface.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

One of the most striking features of this is ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO2 uptake of the oceans related to higher atmospheric concentration of CO2 and higher temperatures, because it severely affects coral reefs, mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans (see coral bleaching).


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

• Ocean acidification is projected to continue (very high confidence).


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Ocean acidification is an effect of rising concentrations of [[Carbon dioxide|CO]] in the atmosphere, and is not a direct consequence of global warming.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

"Ocean Growing More Acidic Faster Than Once Thought; Increasing Acidity Threatens Sea Life".


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of the Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide () from the atmosphere.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

Although the natural absorption of CO 2 by the world's oceans helps mitigate the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2, it is believed that the resulting decrease in pH will have negative consequences, primarily for oceanic calcifying organisms.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

While the full implications of elevated CO2 on marine ecosystems are still being documented, there is a substantial body of research showing that a combination of ocean acidification and elevated ocean temperature, driven mainly by CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, have a compounded effect on marine life and the ocean environment.


Question: Marine life has nothing whatsoever to fear from ocean acidification.”

"Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO 2-induced ocean acidification".


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

However, other research suggests that there has been little change in drought over the past 60 years.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Due to deforestation the rainforest is losing this ability, exacerbated by climate change which brings more frequent droughts to the area.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

There may have been changes in other climate extremes (e.g., floods, droughts and tropical cyclones) but these changes are more difficult to identify.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

The increased demands are contributing to increased environmental degradation and to global warming, with resultant intensification of tropical cyclones, floods, droughts, forest fires, and incidence of hyperthermia deaths.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

The continual use of fossil fuels is known to contribute to global warming and cause more severe climate change.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

At present, the main energy source used by humans is non-renewable fossil fuels.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

In the real world, consumption of fossil fuel resources leads to global warming and climate change.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Earth minerals and metal ores, fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) and groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions).


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Fossil fuel ("primary non-renewable fossil") sources burn coal or hydrocarbon fuels, which are the remains of the decomposition of plants and animals.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Non-energy consumption will still include fossil fuels.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

Non-communicable diseases are a long-term effect of floods.


Question: Droughts and floods have not changed since weve been using fossil fuels

The 2016 -- 17 Zimbabwe floods began in December 2016, following a severe drought.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Past models have underestimated the rate of Arctic shrinkage and underestimated the rate of precipitation increase.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

The 2017 United States-published National Climate Assessment notes that "climate models may still be underestimating or missing relevant feedback processes".


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Lindzen said that predicted warming may be overestimated because of their handling of the climate system's water vapor feedback.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

The climate models also overpredict the results of the radiosonde measurements.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

There have been prediction models of temperature created to project the effects of global warming on the planet.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Most estimations still underestimate the amplifying climate change feedbacks.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Environmentally, the world is in an overshoot mode.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

They showed that the climate system may be responding faster than the models indicate.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

They conclude that because of this, "long-term climate change may appear to track the amplitude of the solar activity cycles," but that "Solar radiative forcing of climate is reduced by a factor of 5 when the background component is omitted from historical reconstructions of total solar irradiance ...This suggests that general circulation model (GCM) simulations of twentieth century warming may overestimate the role of solar irradiance variability.


Question: Climate Models Have Overestimated Global Warming

Climate models forced by natural factors and increased greenhouse gases and aerosols reproduce the observed global temperature changes; those forced by natural factors alone do not.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

Brown ovals are warmer and located within the "normal cloud layer".


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

Infrared observation showed a bright spot where the impact took place, meaning the impact warmed up the lower atmosphere in the area near Jupiter's south pole.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about −143 °C (−225 °F) at the winter polar caps to highs of up to 35 °C (95 °F) in equatorial summer.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30 °C (54 °F).


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

Observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter had previously revealed the possibility of flowing water during the warmest months on Mars.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

It is somewhat cooler and less luminous than our Sun.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

The planet is slightly larger than Jupiter, probably due to the heat from the star.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

If solar variations were responsible for the observed warming, warming of both the troposphere and the stratosphere would be expected, but that has not been the case.


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

"Mars Melt Hints at Solar, Not Human, Cause for Warming, Scientist Says".


Question: Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

"New storm on Jupiter hints at climate changes".


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

There is no consensus over the magnitude of long-term carbon leakage.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014).


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum "by a hundred") is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

", as opposed to "per cent".


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

Watts Up With That features material disputing the scientific consensus on climate change, including claims the human role in global warming is insignificant and carbon dioxide is not a driving force of warming.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

Between the start of the Industrial Revolution in 1750, and the year 2005, the increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (chemical formula: ) led to a positive radiative forcing, averaged over the Earth's surface area, of about 1.66 watts per square metre (abbreviated W m).


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

According to David JC MacKay, assuming that all future energy is derived from these thermal power stations operating with their present thermal efficiency of ~30%, and that the world population is 10 billion in 100 years time (~2100) with each individual enjoying a per capita energy usage rate similar to that of the average European standard of living of 125 kWh per day, the extra power contributed by this thermal energy use to the planet would be a global surface area average of 0.1 Watt per square meter, which is one fortieth of the 4 W/m that is believed to be likely if a doubling of atmospheric CO concentrations occur, and a little smaller than the "0.25 W/m effect" of Solar variations.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

To quantify Earth's "heat budget" or "heat balance", let the insolation received at the top of the atmosphere be 100 units (100 units = about 1,360 watts per square meter facing the sun), as shown in the accompanying illustration.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

Global warming contributes 0.6°C to this.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

The total solar irradiance is measured by satellite to be roughly 1361 watts per square meter "(see solar constant)", though it fluctuates by about 6.9% during the year due to the Earth's varying distance from the sun.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

Ignoring clouds, the daily average insolation for the Earth is approximately 6 kWh/m = 21.6 MJ/m.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

In their 2014 report, the IPCC comparison of energy sources global warming potential per unit of electricity generated, which notably included albedo effects, mirror the median emission value derived from the Warner and Heath Yale meta-analysis for the more common non-breeding light water reactors, a -equivalent value of 12 g -eq/kWh, which is the lowest global warming forcing of all baseload power sources, with comparable low carbon power baseload sources, such as hydropower and biomass, producing substantially more global warming forcing 24 and 230 g -eq/kWh respectively.


Question: The climate debate is, in reality, about a 1.6 watts per square metre or 0.5 per cent discrepancy in the poorly known planetary energy balance."

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

It said that Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

In June 2019, U.N. special rapporteur Philip Alston warned of a "climate apartheid" situation developing, where global warming "could push more than 120 million more people into poverty by 2030 and will have the most severe impact in poor countries, regions, and the places poor people live and work".


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

"Domino-effect of climate events could push Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

"Domino-effect of climate events could move Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

David Wallace-Wells, "The Uninhabitable Earth: Famine, economic collapse, a sun that cooks us: What climate change could wreak — sooner than you think," New York Magazine, July 9, 2017.


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

Climate change may also lead to new human diseases.


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

Climate Action Tracker "Domino-effect of climate events could push Earth into a 'hothouse' state".


Question: Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped

United States Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, in a 19 June 2017 interview with CNBC, acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree with the idea that carbon dioxide was the primary driver of global warming pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in".


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

As a result, for example, US stock prices reached record highs.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

Milwaukee tends to experience highs that are 90 °F (32 °C) on or above seven days per year, and lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on six to seven nights.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

On average, there are 77 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, 8.1 days per winter where the high does not exceed 50 °F (10 °C), and 8.0 nights with freezing lows annually.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C).


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

Records at the time of the event were:


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

Record temperatures were felt in:


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

This includes the record of , which is currently considered the highest temperature recorded on Earth.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

Record temperature extremes range from −28 °F (−33 °C), on January 19, 1971, to 104 °F (40 °C) on July 4, 1911.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

It has a standard weather monitoring station, which has recorded some national record high temperatures.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

The data are of 2017.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

The data are of 2017.


Question: So far this month, there have been nearly 5,000 daily record highs set or tied, compared to just 42 daily record lows.

This allows a temperature record to be constructed.


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

For instance, Mercer published a study in 1978 predicting that anthropogenic carbon dioxide warming and its potential effects on climate in the 21st century could cause a sea level rise of around 5 metres (16 ft) from melting of the West Antarctic ice-sheet alone.


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

"Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era".


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

"The melting of floating ice raises the ocean level" (PDF).


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased "Myths vs. Facts: Denial of Petitions for Reconsideration of the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act".


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

IPCC (2007a:13, 14) projected sea level rise to the end of the 21st century using the [[Special Report on Emissions Scenarios|SRES]] emission [[economics of global warming#Scenarios|scenarios]].


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

"20th century acceleration in global sea-level rise".


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

However, Greg Holland from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who reviewed the study, noted: “There is no doubt that the sea level rise, within the IPCC, is a very conservative number, so the truth lies somewhere between IPCC and Jim.” In addition, one 2017 study's scenario, assuming high fossil fuel use for combustion and strong economic growth during this century, projects sea level rise of up to 132 cm (4.3 ft) on average — and an extreme scenario with as much as 189 cm (6.2 ft), by 2100.


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

Trend sceptics or deniers (who deny there is global warming), [and] argue that no significant climate warming is taking place at all, claiming that the warming trend measured by weather stations is an artefact due to urbanisation around those stations ("urban heat island effect").


Question: The claim sea level isn’t rising is based on blatantly doctored graphs contradicted by observations.

Sea level rise at specific locations may be more or less than the global average.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

This premature announcement came from a preliminary news release about a study which had not yet been peer reviewed.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

While the satellite data now show global warming, there is still a significant difference between what Climate models predict and what the satellite data show for warming of the lower troposphere with the climate models predicting significantly more warming than what the satellites measure.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

While the satellite data now show global warming, there is still some difference between what climate models predict and what the satellite data show for warming of the lower troposphere, with the climate models predicting slightly more warming than what the satellites measure.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

Greenhouse gases trap heat radiating from the Earth to space.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

The Earth's heat content is about .


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

In 2011, Spencer and Braswell published a paper in "Remote Sensing" concluding that more energy is radiated back to space and released earlier than previously thought.


Question: "NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

Spencer stated, "The satellite observations suggest there is much more energy lost to space during and after warming than the climate models show.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

At the photosphere, the temperature has dropped to 5,700 K and the density to only 0.2 g/m3 (about 1/6,000 the density of air at sea level).


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

As one fragment of the cloud collapsed it also began to rotate because of conservation of angular momentum and heat up with the increasing pressure.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

The Sun is gradually becoming hotter during its time on the main sequence, because the helium atoms in the core occupy less volume than the hydrogen atoms that were fused.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

However, the geological record demonstrates that Earth has remained at a fairly constant temperature throughout its history, and that the young Earth was somewhat warmer than it is today.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

By contrast, the Sun's surface temperature is approximately 5,800 K. Recent analysis of SOHO mission data favors a faster rotation rate in the core than in the radiative zone above.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

These measurements indicate that the Sun's total solar irradiance has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be directly attributed to an increase in total solar energy reaching the Earth (see graph above, left).


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

Three to four billion years ago the Sun emitted only 70% of its current power.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

The 1970s (pronounced ``nineteen-seventies'', commonly abbreviated as the ``Seventies'') was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

From November 1978 through March 2011, Earth's atmosphere has warmed at an average rate of about 0.14 C per decade, according to the UAHuntsville satellite record.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

[page needed][need quotation to verify] Conditions during the Paleolithic Age went through a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically fluctuated between warm and cool temperatures.


Question: The sun was warming up then, but the sun hasn’t been warming since 1970.

Earth Day (continuing from 1970)


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

More of the Sun's energy is now absorbed in these regions, contributing to Arctic amplification, which has caused Arctic temperatures to increase at more than twice the rate of the rest of the world.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

As the sea ice melts, its surface area shrinks, diminishing the size of the reflective surface and therefore causing the earth to absorb more of the sun's heat.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

As the ice melts it lowers the albedo thus causing more heat to be absorbed by the Earth and further increase the amount of melting ice.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

Arctic Sea ice melts in the summer, and more of the sun is being absorbed by the ocean.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

Sea ice has an important effect on the heat balance of the polar oceans, since it insulates the (relatively) warm ocean from the much colder air above, thus reducing heat loss from the oceans.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

The net change is a slight increase in the area of sea ice in the Antarctic seas (unlike the Arctic Ocean, which is showing a much stronger decrease in the area of sea ice).


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

Sea ice plays an important role in Earth's climate as it affects the total amount of sunlight that is reflected away from the Earth.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

In contrast to the melting of the Arctic sea ice, sea ice around Antarctica has been expanding as of 2013[update].


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

"Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses".


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: Arctic sea ice loss is three times greater than Antarctic sea ice gain, and the amount of solar energy absorbed by the Earth is increasing as a result.

The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.