Question: Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.

US National Academy of Sciences: "In the judgment of most climate scientists, Earth's warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.

Because most of the planet's snow and ice lies at high latitude, decreasing tilt may encourage the onset of an ice age for two reasons: There is less overall summer insolation, and also less insolation at higher latitudes, which melts less of the previous winter's snow and ice.


Question: Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.

An ice age is a long period of reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.


Question: Scientists have determined that the factors which caused the Little Ice Age cooling are not currently causing global warming.

IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9 2007, p. 690: "Recent estimates indicate a relatively small combined effect of natural forcings on the global mean temperature evolution of the second half of the 20th century, with a small net cooling from the combined effects of solar and volcanic forcings."


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

Rapidly melting sea ice is causing ocean acidification in the Arctic to occur at faster rates than previously forecast, with serious implications for the food web, according to new research.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

The data show a long-term negative trend in recent years, attributed to global warming, although there is also a considerable amount of variation from year to year.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

A 2019 study showed that Antarctica is losing ice six times faster than it was 40 years ago.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

More recent research, especially into Antarctica, indicates that this is probably a conservative estimate and true long-term sea level rise might be higher.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

New Scientist has drawn attention to Hasnain's claim about the timing of glaciers disappearing: "Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 is very high," says the International Commission for Snow and Ice (ICSI) in its recent study on Asian glaciers.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

The decline in Arctic sea ice, both in extent and thickness, over the last several decades is further evidence for rapid climate change.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

Arctic climate is believed to be now rapidly warming and much larger Arctic shrinkage changes are projected.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

"Greenland Glaciers Losing Ice Much Faster, Study Says".


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

In recent decades, sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been melting faster than it re-freezes in winter.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

The statement references the IPCC's Fourth Assessment of 2007, and asserts that "climate change is happening even faster than previously estimated; global CO 2 emissions since 2000 have been higher than even the highest predictions, Arctic sea ice has been melting at rates much faster than predicted, and the rise in the sea level has become more rapid".


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

Steven Amstrup and other U.S. Geological Survey scientists have predicted two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050, based on moderate projections for the shrinking of summer sea ice caused by climate change, though the validity of this study has been debated.


Question: Ice cap is disappearing far more rapidly than previously estimated, and is part of a long-term trend, new research shows

However scientists have found that ice is being lost, and at an accelerating rate.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

It is most prevalent in and along low pressure zones of surface tropospheric convergence which encircle the Earth close to the equator and near the 50th parallels of latitude in the northern and southern hemispheres.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

The water reacts by radiating, also in the infrared, both upward and downward, and the downward longwave radiation results in increased warming at the surface.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

"A novel probabilistic forecast system predicting anomalously warm 2018–2022 reinforcing the long-term global warming trend".


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

In the tropics the net effect is to produce a significant warming, while at latitudes closer to the poles a loss of albedo leads to an overall cooling effect.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

Future global warming is expected to be accompanied by a reduction in rainfall in the subtropics and an increase in precipitation in subpolar latitudes and some equatorial regions.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

Climate change is expected to lead to latitudinal and altitudinal temperature increases.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

Global warming is projected to have a number of effects on the oceans.


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

As per current projections of IPCC the following future effects have to be expected:


Question: At least close to the new spot and to the equator, nothing less than global warming is expected"

It is, however, expected that future warming will follow a similar geographical pattern to that seen already, with greatest warming over land and high northern latitudes, and least over the Southern Ocean and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

In 2006, the State of Florida enacted the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, which provided consumers with rebates and tax credits for solar photovoltaic systems.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

Developers in Florida have announced the addition of solar panels on all new homes in several subdivisions.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

Florida is a state located in the Southern United States.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

In Florida and Nevada, Cecily Strong finds former officials and other insiders in the two sunny states who reveal how utility companies and politics are blocking the growth of solar energy and clean energy jobs in the US.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

The United States is one of the world's largest producers of solar power.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

The United States has some of the largest solar farms in the world.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

the UK) and US States such as Florida and Arizona) have banned them.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

Financial incentives to support renewable energy are available in some other US states.


Question: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

In 2019, 22 states, six cities and Washington DC in United States, sued the Trump administration for blocking the repealing of Clean power plan.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Following the Little Ice Age's end around 1850, glaciers around the Earth have retreated substantially.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

A slight cooling led to the advance of many alpine glaciers between 1950 and 1985, but since 1985 glacier retreat and mass loss has become larger and increasingly ubiquitous.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

In areas that are heavily dependent on water runoff from glaciers that melt during the warmer summer months, a continuation of the current retreat will eventually deplete the glacial ice and substantially reduce or eliminate runoff.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Climate change has caused receding glaciers, reduced stream and river flow, and shrinking lakes and ponds.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Earth's glaciers are expected to melt within the next forty years, greatly decreasing fresh water flow in the hotter times of the year, causing everyone to depend on rainwater, resulting in large shortages and fluctuations in fresh water availability which largely effects agriculture, power supply, and human health and well-being.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Currently, nearly all glaciers have a negative mass balance and are retreating.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Glaciers are currently retreating at significant rates throughout the southern hemisphere.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Since 1980, a significant global warming has led to glacier retreat becoming increasingly rapid and ubiquitous, so much so that some glaciers have disappeared altogether, and the existences of many of the remaining glaciers are threatened.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

The glacier is said to be receding in size.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

This large warming trend is the proposed causal factor for the accelerating retreat of Himalayan glaciers, which threatens fresh water supplies and food security in China and India.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

As stated above, the total volume of glaciers on Earth is declining sharply.


Question: Most glaciers are retreating, posing a serious problem for millions who rely on glaciers for water.

Glaciers have been retreating worldwide for at least the last century; the rate of retreat has increased in the past decade.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

A study published in January 2015 proposed that the hiatus resulted from a 60-year oscillatory pattern of natural variability ssociated with the AMO and PDO, interacting with a secular warming trend due mainly to human caused increases in greenhouse gas levels.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

The 60- to 80-year cycle of the atmospheric and oceanic variability over the North Atlantic was also linked to the hiatus by two studies published in 2013 and was used to infer the length of the hiatus.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

In a 2011 article published in The Open Atmospheric Science Journal ecologist Craig Loehle of the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (a forest industry institution) and Scafetta forecast that the world climate "may remain approximately steady until 2030-2040, and may at most warm 0.5-1.0°C by 2100 at the estimated 0.66°C/century anthropogenic warming rate".


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

Keeling’s Tellus article of 1960 presented the first monthly CO 2 records from Mauna Loa and Antarctica (1957 to 1960), finding a “distinct seasonal cycle…and possibly, a worldwide rise in CO2 from year to year.” By the 1970s, it was well established that the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide was ongoing and due to anthropogenic emissions.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

[citation needed] The amount of heat trapping gases emitted into Earth's Oceans and atmosphere will prevent the next ice age, which otherwise would begin in around 50,000 years, and likely more glacial cycles.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years is a book about climate change, written by Siegfried Fred Singer and Dennis T. Avery, which asserts that natural changes, and not CO emissions, are the cause of Global Warming.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

"Global warming in the context of the Little Ice Age".


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

Numerous cycles have been found to influence annual global mean temperatures.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

The Keeling Curve is a graph of the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere based on continuous measurements taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory on the island of Hawaii from 1958 to the present day.


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: Loehle and Scafetta find a 60 year cycle causing global warming

Scafetta and West correlated solar proxy data and lower tropospheric temperature for the preindustrial era, before significant anthropogenic greenhouse forcing, suggesting that TSI variations may have contributed 50% of the warming observed between 1900 and 2000 (although they conclude "our estimates about the solar effect on climate might be overestimated and should be considered as an upper limit.")


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Global warming could lead to substantial alterations in climate extremes, such as tropical cyclones, heat waves and severe precipitation events.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Another impact that the warming global temperature has had is on the frequency and severity of heat waves.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events, like heat waves, far more than it boosts more moderate events.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

The January 2014 southeastern Australia heat wave was a significant heat wave event which affected most of southeastern Australia from 13 to 18 January 2014.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events such as heat waves where the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5 °C (9 °F) for more than five consecutive days.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

"More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century".


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Australia's climate has warmed by more than one degree Celsius over the past century, causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves and droughts.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

In 2014, the Bureau of Meteorology released a report on the state of Australia's climate that highlighted several key points, including the significant increase in Australia's temperatures (particularly night-time temperatures) and the increasing frequency of bush fires, droughts and floods, which have all been linked to climate change.


Question: If global warming caused the 2014 Queensland heat wave, why wasn’t it as severe as the 1972 Queensland heat wave?”

Cyclone Daisy (1972), caused some flooding near Brisbane


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from c. 950 to c. 1250.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

study found warmth exceeding 1961–1990 levels in Southern Greenland and parts of North America during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (defined in the study from 950 to 1250) with warmth in some regions exceeding temperatures of the 1990–2010 period.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

Much of the Northern Hemisphere showed significant cooling during the Little Ice Age (defined in the study from 1400 to 1700), but Labrador and isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

It is thought that between c. 950 and c. 1100 was the Northern Hemisphere's warmest period since the Roman Warm Period.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

They also found that the warming during the 10–14th centuries in some regions might be comparable in magnitude to the warming of the last few decades of the 20th century, which was unprecedented within the past 500 years.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

At that time, the climate was not unlike today's, but there was a slightly warmer period from the 10th–14th centuries known as the Medieval Warm Period.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) is generally thought to have occurred from c. 950–c.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

He wrote that this graph "asserts that temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period were higher than those of today", and described climate changes as due to solar variation.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

There are also longer-term cycles, the mini ice-age that preceded the medieval warm period may have been a transition to an ice age, the last ice-age lasted from ~130,000 years ago until the onset of the Holocene.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

This has been called the Medieval Warm Period, and some evidence suggests widespread cooler conditions during a period around the 17th century known as the Little Ice Age.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

The IPCC First Assessment Report in 1990 noted evidence that Holocene climatic optimum around 5,000-6,000 years ago had been warmer than the present (at least in summer) and that in some areas there had been exceptional warmth during "a shorter Medieval Warm Period (which may not have been global)" about AD 950-1250, followed by a cooler period of the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: Medieval Warm Period was warmer than the climate warming today.

In at least some areas, the recent period appears to be warmer than has been the case for a thousand or more years".


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Even accounting for the presence of internal climate variability, recent years rank among the warmest on record.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Having almost no atmosphere to retain heat, it has surface temperatures that vary diurnally more than on any other planet in the Solar System, ranging from 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F) at night to 700 K (427 °C; 800 °F) during the day across the equatorial regions.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C (752 °F), most likely due to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

This includes the record of , which is currently considered the highest temperature recorded on Earth.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

"Cosmic rays blamed for global warming".


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

"Cosmic Rays and Global Warming".


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

These locations feature some of the highest annual average temperatures recorded on Earth, exceeding .


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Record temperatures were felt in:


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

Farmer 2014, p. 44: "Global average temperatures for 2013 have recently been published by the BEST study...2010 and 2005 remain the warmest years since records began in the 19th century.


Question: In fact, in recent years when cosmic rays should have been having their largest cooling effect on record, temperatures have been at their highest on record.

The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A National Research Council study released in April 2010 likewise concluded that "the level of acid in the oceans is increasing at an unprecedented rate".


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A 2013 study claimed acidity was increasing at a rate 10 times faster than in any of the evolutionary crises in Earth's history.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

In a synthesis report published in Science in 2015, 22 leading marine scientists stated that CO 2 from burning fossil fuels is changing the oceans' chemistry more rapidly than at any time since the Great Dying, Earth's most severe known extinction event, emphasizing that the 2 °C maximum temperature increase agreed upon by governments reflects too small a cut in emissions to prevent "dramatic impacts" on the world's oceans, with lead author Jean-Pierre Gattuso remarking that "The ocean has been minimally considered at previous climate negotiations.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

A study in 2008 examining a sediment core from the North Atlantic found that while the species composition of coccolithophorids has remained unchanged for the industrial period 1780 to 2004, the calcification of coccoliths has increased by up to 40% during the same time.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Ocean acidification is the increase in the acidity of the Earth's oceans caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide () from the atmosphere.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the atmosphere.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Ocean acidification is an effect of rising concentrations of [[Carbon dioxide|CO]] in the atmosphere, and is not a direct consequence of global warming.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Also, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) writes in their Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report: "The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere, the increased uptake of carbon dioxide into the oceans is causing a measurable decrease in the pH of the oceans, which is referred to as ocean acidification.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

"Ocean Growing More Acidic Faster Than Once Thought; Increasing Acidity Threatens Sea Life".


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification, the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans as CO 2 becomes dissolved.


Question: [ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003

Addition of carbon dioxide to the ocean water makes the oceans more acidic.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

Trend sceptics or deniers (who deny there is global warming), [and] argue that no significant climate warming is taking place at all, claiming that the warming trend measured by weather stations is an artefact due to urbanisation around those stations ("urban heat island effect").


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

Many such people prefer to call themselves skeptics and describe their position as climate change skepticism.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

The current scientific consensus on climate change is that the Earth underwent global warming throughout the 20th century and continues to warm.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

He said, "A lot of my older colleagues are very skeptical on the global warming thing".


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

John Wallace of the University of Washington agreed with Lindzen that progress in climate change science had been exaggerated, but said there are "relatively few scientists who are as skeptical of the whole thing as Dick [Lindzen] is".


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

A common argument used to dismiss the significance of human-caused climate change is to allege that scientists showed concerns about global cooling which did not materialise, and there is therefore no need to heed current scientific concerns about global warming.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

The dismissive are convinced global warming is not happening.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

Spencer R. Weart's history of "The Discovery of Global Warming" states that: "While neither scientists nor the public could be sure in the 1970s whether the world was warming or cooling, people were increasingly inclined to believe that global climate was on the move, and in no small way.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

How many really "reject or doubt" the scientific consensus for man-made global warming?


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

Some media reports have used alarmist tactics to challenge the science related to global warming by comparing it with a purported episode of global cooling.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

During the 1970s, scientific opinion increasingly favored the warming viewpoint.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

The Great Global Warming Swindle is a polemical documentary film that suggests that the scientific opinion on climate change is influenced by funding and political factors, and questions whether scientific consensus on global warming exists.


Question: When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

Several media pieces have claimed that since the even-at-the-time-poorly-supported theory of global cooling was shown to be false, that the well-supported theory of global warming can also be dismissed.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Glacial isostatic adjustment—the slow rise of land masses once depressed by the weight of ice sheets from the last ice age—is chief among these signals.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are phases of glacial isostasy (glacial isostatic adjustment, glacioisostasy), the deformation of the Earth's crust in response to changes in ice mass distribution.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Mass changes of ice sheets can be monitored by measuring changes in the ice surface height, the deformation of the ground below and the changes in the gravity field over the ice sheet.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

However, glacial isostatic adjustment of the ice sheets affect ground deformation and the gravity field today.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

The enormous weight of this ice caused the surface of the Earth's crust to deform and warp downward, forcing the viscoelastic mantle material to flow away from the loaded region.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Post-glacial rebound and isostatic depression are different parts of a process known as either glacial isostasy, glacial isostatic adjustment, or glacioisostasy.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Some land masses are moving up or down as a consequence of subsidence (land sinking or settling) or post-glacial rebound (land rising due to the loss of the weight of ice after melting), so that local sea level rise may be higher or lower than the global average.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

The gravitational effects comes into play when a large ice sheet melts.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

As mountains grow higher, they generally allow for more glacial activity (especially in the accumulation zone above the glacial equilibrium line altitude), which causes increased rates of erosion of the mountain, decreasing mass faster than isostatic rebound can add to the mountain.


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Because the great mass of glaciers and ice caps depressed the Earth's crust, another long-term effect of ice melt and deglaciation is the gradual rising of landmasses, a process called "post-glacial rebound".


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

"A Reconciled Estimate of Ice-Sheet Mass Balance".


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

"Regional acceleration in ice mass loss from Greenland and Antarctica using GRACE time-variable gravity data".


Question: But gravity measurements of ice-mass loss are  complicated by glacial isostatic adjustments—compensation for the rise or fall of the underlying crustal material.

Isostasy (Greek "ísos" "equal", "stásis" "standstill") is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

About 60.5 mya at the Danian/Selandian boundary, there is evidence of anoxia spreading out into coastal waters, and a drop in sea levels which is most likely explained as an increase in temperature and evaporation, as there was no ice at the poles to lock up water.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

Climate is the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather: the classical period for averaging weather variables is 30 years in accordance with the definition set by the World Meteorological Organization.Instrumental temperature records have shown a robust multi-decadal long-term trend of global warming since the end of the 19th century, reversing longer term cooling in previous centuries as seen in paleoclimate records.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

Climate changes can influence a planet's geological history.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

Recent global warming is one of many natural cycles of warming and cooling in geologic history.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

Evidence of past climate change and present climate change comes from a variety of sources.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

(BBC) 4 April A new, detailed record of past climate change has shown compelling evidence that the last ice age was ended by a rise in temperature driven by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

In the history of the Earth, many ice ages are known to have occurred.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

The geological record suggests that ice at the poles does not melt in a gradual and linear fashion, but flips suddenly from one state to another.


Question: The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles.

The collection of long record of climate variables is essential for the study of climate.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

With a population of more than 18 million, according to the 2010 census, Florida is the most populous state in the southeastern United States and the third-most populous in the United States.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

Florida is west of The Bahamas and 90 miles (140 km) north of Cuba.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the U.S.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

In 2012, 75% of the population lived within 10 miles (16 km) of the coastline.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

This is down from a peak of 17.1% in 2012.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

In 2012 approximately 22% of world energy was consumed in North America, 5% was consumed South and Central America, 23% was consumed in Europe and Eurasia, 3% was consumed in Africa, and 40% was consumed in the Asia Pacific region.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

In 2012, the United States experienced its warmest year on record.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.54 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

A total of 33 percent of the Earth's landmass is considered either arid or semi-arid, including southwest North America, southwest South America, most of northern and a small part of southern Africa, southwest and portions of eastern Asia, as well as much of Australia.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

The US emits 13% of global emissions and emissions rose 2.5% in 2018.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

The Northern Hemisphere is warming faster than the Southern Hemisphere.


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

Northern America, primarily consisting of the United States and Canada, has a population of around 363 million (5%), and Oceania, the least populated region, has about 41 million inhabitants (0.5%).


Question: (2012 is now the hottest by a wide margin), but the USA only comprises 2% of the globe.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

In 2007, McIntyre started auditing the various corrections made to temperature records, in particular those relating to the urban heat island effect.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

He discovered a discontinuity in some U.S. records in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) dataset starting in January 2000.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

The adjustment reduced the average temperatures for the continental United States by about 0.15 °C during the years 2000-2006.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

In 2007, Stephen McIntyre notified GISS that many of the U.S. temperature records from the Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) displayed a discontinuity around the year 2000.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

After 2000, the [[sea surface temperature]]s of the tropical Western Pacific, where a warm pool of water exists and where temperatures are heavily influenced by [[ENSO]], between 10°N - 10°S and 139° - 171° longitude became anti-correlated with temperatures at the [[tropopause]] in the same latitudes between 171° - 200° longitude, both measured since the early 1980s; although the correlation had been previously positive, since 2000 the SST anomalies increased while tropopause temperatures decreased.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

The polar see-saw (also: "Bipolar seesaw") is the phenomenon that temperature changes in the northern and southern hemispheres may be out of phase.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

A temperature anomaly is measured against a reference value or long-term average.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this interval, and the conventional terms of "Little Ice Age" and "Medieval Warm Period" appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.... [Viewed] hemispherically, the "Little Ice Age" can only be considered as a modest cooling of the Northern Hemisphere during this period of less than 1°C relative to late twentieth century levels.


Question: Steve McIntyre noticed a strange  discontinuity in US temperature data, occurring around January 2000.

Ljungqvist 2010 "A New Reconstruction of Temperature Variability in the Extra-Tropical Northern Hemisphere During the Last Two Millennia".


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concluded, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century".


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

Since the mid-20th century, most of the observed warming is "likely" (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) due to human activities.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

It is extremely likely (95-100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951-2010.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

There is a clear human influence on the climate It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of observed warming since 1950, with the level of confidence having increased since the fourth report.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is "extremely likely" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

Retrieved 2010-08-28. the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950 Stevens, William K. (2007-02-06).


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

The dominant cause of the warming since the 1950s is human activities.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

GHG emissions due to anthropogenic (human) activity are the dominant cause of observed global warming (climate change) since the mid-20th century.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

In Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) Volume 1, released in October 2017, entitled "Climate Science Special Report" (CSSR), researchers reported that "it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

A 2018 CRS cited the October 2017 CSSR: "Detection and attribution studies, climate models, observations, paleoclimate data, and physical understanding lead to high confidence (extremely likely) that more than half of the observed global mean warming since 1951 was caused by humans, and high confidence that internal climate variability played only a minor role (and possibly even a negative contribution) in the observed warming since 1951.


Question: The IPCC (2013), USGCRP (2017), and USGCRP (2018) indicate that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-twentieth century.

It is extremely likely (95–100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951–2010.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

Sometime during the 21st century, sea ice may effectively cease to exist during the summer.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

"Some of the models suggest that there is a 75 percent chance that the entire north polar ice cap during some of the summer months will be completely ice-free within the next five to seven years," Gore said.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

Sea ice is currently in decline in area, extent, and volume and summertime sea ice may cease to exist sometime during the 21st century.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

The amount of multi-year sea ice in the Arctic has declined considerably in recent decades.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

Large-scale measurements of sea-ice have only been possible since the satellite era, but through looking at a number of different satellite estimates, it has been determined that September Arctic sea ice has decreased between 1973 and 2007 at a rate of about -10% +/- 0.3% per decade.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

Sea ice coverage in the Arctic has shrunk at a much faster rate than it has expanded in the Southern Ocean.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

Sea ice extent expands annually in the Antarctic winter and most of this ice melts in the summer.


Question: Arctic sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and summer or multi-year sea ice might be all gone within a decade.

"A sea ice free summer Arctic within 30 years?".


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

The oceans act as an enormous carbon sink, and have taken up about a third of CO 2 emitted by human activity.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

Presently, oceans are CO2 sinks, and represent the largest active carbon sink on Earth, absorbing more than a quarter of the carbon dioxide that humans put into the air.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

This increase has occurred despite the uptake of more than half of the emissions by various natural "sinks" involved in the carbon cycle.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of CO 2 per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of CO 2 each year.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

CO 2 currently forms about 410 parts per million (ppm) of earth's atmosphere, compared to about 280 ppm in pre-industrial times, and billions of metric tons of CO 2 are emitted annually by burning of fossil fuels.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

Human activities emit about 29 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, while volcanoes emit between 0.2 and 0.3 billion tons.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

While CO 2 absorption and release is always happening as a result of natural processes, the recent rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere is known to be mainly due to human (anthropogenic) activity.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is a trace gas, currently (mid 2018) having a global average concentration of 409 parts per million by volume (or 622 parts per million by mass).


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere at the ocean's surface at an exchange rate which varies locally but on average, the oceans have a net absorption of CO2 2.2 Pg C per year.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

For example, the natural decay of organic material in forests and grasslands and the action of forest fires results in the release of about 439 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide every year, while new growth entirely counteracts this effect, absorbing 450 gigatonnes per year.


Question: In fact, human emit 26 gigatonnes of CO2 per year while CO2 in the atmosphere is rising by only 15 gigatonnes per year - much of human CO2 emissions is being absorbed by natural sinks.

The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

Texas Rep. Joe Barton supposedly once said that 'wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

Because the wind blows during stormy conditions when the sun does not shine and the sun often shines on calm days with little wind, combining wind and solar can go a long way toward meeting demand, especially when geothermal provides a steady base and hydroelectric can be called on to fill in the gaps.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

An MIT peer-reviewed study suggested that using wind turbines to meet 10 percent of global energy demand in 2100 could have a warming effect, causing temperatures to rise by in the regions on land where the wind farms are installed, including a smaller increase in areas beyond those regions.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

Since the rising parcel of air is losing energy as it does work on the surrounding atmosphere and no energy is transferred into it as heat from the atmosphere to make up for the loss, the parcel of air is losing energy, which manifests itself as a decrease in the temperature of the air parcel.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

It traps heat in the atmosphere.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

This would lead to an amplification of warming.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

Air is a renewable resource.


Question: Wind is a finite resource and harnessing it would slow the winds down, which would cause the temperature to go up.

If Earth was to experience an equilibrium temperature change of (°C) due to a sustained forcing of (W/m), then:


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena ...[which] include the increased temperature trends described by global warming."


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Shaftel 2016: "'Climate change' and 'global warming' are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Climate change refers to a lasting change in the Earth's climate.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

This article is about climate change scenarios.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Global warming and climate change are often used interchangeably.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

However, speaking more properly, "global warming" denotes the mainly human-caused increase in global surface temperatures and its projected continuation, but "climate change" includes both "global warming" and its effects, such as changes in precipitation and impacts that differ by region.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Climate change is the variation in global or regional climates over time.


Question: […]You can think of global warming as one type of climate change.

Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is discussed in global warming.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

A report released in March 2012 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed that a strong body of evidence links global warming to an increase in heat waves, a rise in episodes of heavy rainfall and other precipitation, and more frequent coastal flooding.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

In the last 30–40 years, heat waves with high humidity have become more frequent and severe.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Climate change also increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this balancing feedback will persist in the future.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have appeared simultaneously with increasing frequency.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

"More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century".


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events such as heat waves where the daily maximum temperature exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5 °C (9 °F) for more than five consecutive days.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Increased anthropogenic activities causing increased greenhouse gas emissions show that heat waves will be more severe.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Climate change is predicted to increase frequency and magnitude of natural hazards such as extreme heat.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Global warming boosts the probability of extreme weather events, like heat waves, far more than it boosts more moderate events.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Another impact that the warming global temperature has had is on the frequency and severity of heat waves.


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

The frequency of extreme hot days in summer would increase because of the


Question: “Scientists have published strong evidence that the warming climate is making heat waves more frequent and intense.

Several studies have revealed increases in the severity of the effect of heat islands with the progress of climate change.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

Lows at or below freezing can be expected 40 nights annually, but extended stretches with daily high temperatures below 40 °F (4 °C) are very rare, with a recent exception in January 2014.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

A higher temperature had only been recorded twice before.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

Record temperatures were felt in:


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

In the historical records temperature fluctuations may be regional rather than hemispheric in scale.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

Warming in the past century was found to be , with warming similar in both hemispheres.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

These historical observations of the same time period show periods of both warming and cooling.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

In meteorology, diurnal temperature variation is the variation between a high temperature and a low temperature that occurs during the same day.


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

Over the past five decades there has been a global warming of approximately 0.65 °C (1.17 °F) at the Earth's surface (see historical temperature record).


Question: Nevertheless over the last decade, daily record high temperatures occurred twice as often as record lows.

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

If cloud cover increases, more sunlight will be reflected back into space, cooling the planet.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

For instance, if absorbing aerosols are present in a layer aloft in the atmosphere, they can heat surrounding air which inhibits the condensation of water vapour, resulting in less cloud formation.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

The scattering of radiation causes atmospheric cooling, whereas absorption can cause atmospheric warming.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

The aerosols increase the Earth's albedo—its reflection of radiation from the Sun back into space—and thus cool the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere; however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the stratosphere.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

The albedo of increased cloudiness cools the climate, resulting in a negative feedback; while the reflection of infrared radiation by clouds warms the climate, resulting in a positive feedback.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

In general, aerosol particles can affect the radiation balance leading to a cooling or heating effect with the magnitude and sign of the temperature change largely dependent on aerosol optical properties, aerosol concentrations, and the albedo of the underlying surface.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

They may either increase or decrease cloud cover under different conditions.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

Semi-direct effect Black carbon absorb incoming solar radiation, perturb the temperature structure of the atmosphere, and influence cloud cover.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

The effects described here all lead to a reduction in cloud cover i.e.


Question: While changes in cloud cover & aerosols lead to more sunlight hitting the surface, this can be compensated by the cooling effect on the atmosphere due to fewer clouds trapping less warmth and fewer absorbing aerosols absorbing less sunlight.

Absorption of solar radiation by plane-parallel clouds decreases with increasing zenith angle because radiation that is reflected to space at the higher zenith angles penetrates less deeply into the cloud and is therefore less likely to be absorbed.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by the instrumental temperature record which shows global warming of around 1 °C since the pre-industrial period, although the bulk of this (0.9°C) has occurred since 1970.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

The global average and combined land and ocean surface temperature, show a warming of 0.85 [0.65 to 1.06] °C, in the period 1880 to 2012, based on multiple independently produced datasets.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

In 2007 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration stated that the "U.S. and global annual temperatures are now approximately 1.0°F warmer than at the start of the 20th century, and the rate of warming has accelerated over the past 30 years, increasing globally since the mid-1970s at a rate approximately three times faster than the century-scale trend.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

Most of the observed warming occurred in two periods: around 1900 to around 1940 and around 1970 onwards; the cooling/plateau from 1940 to 1970 has been mostly attributed to sulphate aerosol.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

If compared to the period 1861–1890, the annual increase in temperature is 1.8 °C.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

In Nepal, the temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celsius over the last decade, whereas globally, the Earth has warmed approximately 0.7 degrees Celsius over the last hundred years.


Question: Statistical analysis of the rate of warming over different periods find that warming from 1970 to 2001 is greater than the warming from both 1860 to 1880 and 1910 to 1940.

Warming in the past century was found to be , with warming similar in both hemispheres.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Ocean heat content can be estimated using temperature measurements obtained by a Nansen bottle, an ARGO float, or ocean acoustic tomography.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Earth's energy imbalance measurements provided by Argo floats have detected an accumulation of ocean heat content (OHC).


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA), an acronym for a National Science Foundation-funded research project


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

After 2000, the [[sea surface temperature]]s of the tropical Western Pacific, where a warm pool of water exists and where temperatures are heavily influenced by [[ENSO]], between 10°N - 10°S and 139° - 171° longitude became anti-correlated with temperatures at the [[tropopause]] in the same latitudes between 171° - 200° longitude, both measured since the early 1980s; although the correlation had been previously positive, since 2000 the SST anomalies increased while tropopause temperatures decreased.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

[citation needed] Arctic regions notably release more heat back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Some of the temperature variations over this time period may also be due to ocean circulation patterns.


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Geophysical global cooling, a conjecture about the formation of natural features that was made obsolete by the theory of plate tectonics


Question: Early estimates of ocean heat from the Argo showed a cooling bias due to pressure sensor issues.

Recent studies (2017) suggest potential convection collapse (heat transport) of the subpolar gyre in the North Atlantic, resulting in rapid cooling, with implications for economic sectors, agriculture industry, water resources and energy management in Western Europe and the East Coast of the United States.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

Since the Industrial Revolution anthropogenic emissions – primarily from use of fossil fuels and deforestation – have rapidly increased its concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

The sharp acceleration in CO 2 emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human-made CO2 emissions have predominantly caused it.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

In the 1998 paper, "CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic's view of potential climate change" Idso said: "Several of these cooling forces have individually been estimated to be of equivalent magnitude, but of opposite sign, to the typically predicted greenhouse effect of a doubling of the air’s CO2 content, which suggests to me that little net temperature change will ultimately result from the ongoing buildup of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

Warming in the last 100 years has caused about a 0.74 °C increase in global average temperature.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

Global energy-related CO emissions increase slowly.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

The warming has not been globally uniform.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

On September 2, 1997, Singer said that "The possibility that global temperatures could rise because of an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a concern that needs to be monitored...But there has been no indication in the last century that we've seen anything other than natural climate fluctuations.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

Between the period 1970 to 2004, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in CO 2-equivalent) increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year, with CO 2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels growing at a rate of 1.9% per year.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2.


Question: However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

Global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74 °C (plus or minus 0.18 °C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13 °C (plus or minus 0.03 °C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 400 litres (105 US gal) of water consumption monthly.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

A hybrid wet/dry cooling system could reduce water consumption by 32 to 58 percent.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

When combined with storage, large scale solar heating can provide 50-97% of annual heat consumption for district heating.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

Compared to those with electric water heaters, Florida homeowners with solar water heaters save 50 to 85 percent on their water heating bills, according to the Florida Solar Energy Center.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

In many climates, a solar hot water system can provide up to 85% of domestic hot water energy.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

At the beginning of this century 70% of all electricity was generated by fossil fuels, and as carbon free sources eventually make up half of the generation mix, replacing gas or oil furnaces and water heaters with electric ones will have a climate benefit.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

In many warmer climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

This calculation assumes that the solar system produces about half of the hot water requirements of a household.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

Assuming a solar collector panel delivering 4 kWh/day and a pump running intermittently from mains electricity for a total of 6 hours during a 12-hour sunny day, the potentially negative effect of such a pump can be reduced to about 3% of the heat produced.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

Solar water heaters reduce the need for conventional water heating by about two-thirds and pay for their installation within 4 to 8 years with electricity or natural gas savings.


Question: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

Worldwide, total installed solar water heating systems meet a portion of the water heating needs of over 70 million households.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

A 2007 study found the decline to be "faster than forecasted" by model simulations.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

However, these models do tend to underestimate the rate of sea ice loss since 2007.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

Past models have underestimated the rate of Arctic shrinkage and underestimated the rate of precipitation increase.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

However scientists have found that ice is being lost, and at an accelerating rate.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

In recent decades, sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been melting faster than it re-freezes in winter.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

The decline in sea ice does have a notable potential to significantly speed up global warming and the climate changes.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

Projections of declines in Arctic sea ice vary.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

The decline in Arctic sea ice, both in extent and thickness, over the last several decades is further evidence for rapid climate change.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

The amount of multi-year sea ice in the Arctic has declined considerably in recent decades.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

Steven Amstrup and other U.S. Geological Survey scientists have predicted two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050, based on moderate projections for the shrinking of summer sea ice caused by climate change, though the validity of this study has been debated.


Question: Sea ice has diminished much faster than scientists and climate models anticipated.

Arctic sea ice "faces rapid melt", BBC.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

The Mississippi River was shut to all ship traffic between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans on August 30.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

Hard-hit St. Bernard Parish was flooded because of breaching of the levees that contained a navigation channel called the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) and the breach of the 40 Arpent canal levee that was designed and built by the Orleans Levee Board.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of eastern New Orleans, most of St. Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

In 2005, although disputed by the Corps of Engineers, the MRGO channeled Hurricane Katrina's storm surge into the heart of Greater New Orleans, contributing significantly to the subsequent multiple engineering failures experienced by the region's hurricane protection network.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

Levees along the MRGO and the Intracoastal Waterway were breached in approximately 20 places, directly flooding most of St. Bernard Parish and New Orleans East.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

The Pearl River is a river in the U.S. states of Mississippi and Louisiana.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

On January 30, 2015, days after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers released a post-Sandy report examining flood risks for 31,200 miles (50,210 km) of the North Atlantic coast, President Obama issued an executive order directing federal agencies, state and local governments drawing federal funds to adopt stricter building and siting standards to reflect scientific projections that future flooding will be more frequent and intense due to climate change.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

The Southeast Louisiana Urban Flood Control Project (Southeast Louisiana Project, or SELA) is a flood control project by the US Army Corps of Engineers to protect the New Orleans district from flooding due to potential storms, hurricanes, or water surges.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the gulf coast of Louisiana and Mississippi.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

LaPlace ([pronlə_ˈplɑːs]) is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the east bank of the Mississippi River in the New Orleans metropolitan area.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

Deluge is a fireboat (also referred to as a firefighting tug) in New Orleans, Louisiana.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

Katrina quickly weakened to a tropical storm, before emerging into the Atlantic Ocean hours later.


Question: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

U.S. President Barack Obama declared the western counties of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi federal disaster areas.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

Successful adaptation is easier if there are substantial emission reductions.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

Climate change can be mitigated through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions or the enhancement of the capacity of carbon sinks to absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

In some scenarios emissions continue to rise over the century, while others have reduced emissions.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

To keep warming below 2 °C, more stringent emission reductions in the near-term would allow for less rapid reductions after 2030.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

Avoiding this future warming will require a large and rapid reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs).


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

In other words, if net anthropogenic CO2 emissions are kept above zero, a global warming of 1.5°C and more will eventually be reached.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

SR15 also has modelling that shows that, for global warming to be limited to 1.5 °C, "Global net human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would need to fall by about 45 percent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching 'net zero' around 2050.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C is technically possible if no new fossil fuel power plants are built from 2019.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

"Anthropogenic warming and sea level rise would continue for centuries even if GHG emissions were to be reduced sufficiently for GHG concentrations to stabilise, due to the time scales associated with climate processes and feedbacks".


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

To limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C, the global annual emission reduction needed is 7.6% emissions reduction every year between 2020 and 2030.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

As of 2019, there is still a chance of keeping global warming below 1.5°C if no more fossil fuel power plants are built and some existing fossil fuel power plants are shut down early, together with other measures such as reforestation.


Question: The warming will slow to a potentially manageable pace only when human emissions are reduced to zero.

The report says that for limiting warming to below 1.5C "global net human-caused emissions of CO2 would need to fall by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching "net zero" around 2050.


Question: In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.

"Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature" (PDF).


Question: In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.

"Sun's Shifts May Cause Global Warming".


Question: In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.

The role of the sun in recent climate change has been looked at by climate scientists.


Question: In the last 35 years of global warming, sun and climate have been going in opposite directions.

Climate models have been used to examine the role of the Sun in recent climate change.