diff --git "a/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" "b/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,785 @@ +filepath=/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf,len=784 +page_content='arXiv:2301.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='13436v1 [math-ph] 31 Jan 2023 Closed Form Expressions for Certain Improper Integrals of Mathematical Physics B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Ananthanarayan * Tanay Pathak† Kartik Sharma‡ Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, Karnataka, India Abstract We present new closed-form expressions for certain improper integrals of Mathematical Physics such as Ising, Box, and Associated integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The techniques we employ here include (a) the Method of Brackets and its modifications and suitable extensions and (b) the evaluation of the resulting Mellin-Barnes representations via the recently discovered Conic Hull method.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Analytic continuations of these series solutions are then produced using the automated method of Olsson.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Thus, combining all the recent advances allows for closed-form solutions for the hitherto unknown B3(s) and related integrals in terms of multivariable hypergeometric functions.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Along the way, we also discuss certain com- plications while using the Original Method of Brackets for these evaluations and how to rectify them.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The interesting cases of C5,k is also studied.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is not yet fully resolved for the reasons we discuss in this paper.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1 Introduction In studies of theoretical physics and mathematics, various integrals appear whose symbolic evaluation is sought after.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Gradshyteyn and Ryzik [1] compiled a long list of such integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Recently there have been attempts to provide a derivation of a large number of these integrals, specifically the improper integral with limits from 0 to ∞ using the Original Method of Brackets (OMOB) [2–7].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Apart from this, some of the present authors have also evaluated the integral of quadratic and quartic types and their generalization using the OMOB, which has been reported in [8].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In the present investigation, we turn to other interesting improper integrals that appear in Mathematical Physics, such as the Ising integrals and the Box integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Our work is motivated by the need to express them in terms of elegant closed-form expression or in terms of known functions of mathematical physics, especially the hyper- geometric functions [9,10].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In the recent past, several tools have also been developed to facilitate tasks of symbolic evaluation of these integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Our results here have been facilitated by the recent development of tools and ad- vances in various theoretical treatments.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Note for instance, the recently proposed solution to the problem of finding the series solution of the N-dimensional Mellin-Barnes (MB) representation [11–13], using what has been termed as the Conic Hull Mellin Barnes (CHMB) method.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This has also been automated as the MATHEMATICA package MBConichulls.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='wl [14, 15].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The series representation hence obtained, in general, can be written as hypergeometric functions or their derivatives.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Independently, the issue of finding the analytic continuations (ACs) of the multivari- able hypergeometric function using the method of Olsson [16,17], which has also been automated as a MATHEMAT- ICA package Olsson.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='wl [18] have been addressed recently.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In this work, we show how these tools together, which were primarily directed at solving Feynman integrals, are of sufficient generality to find their use in the evaluation of the integrals considered here.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We will consider the Ising integrals which have been studied in the Ising model [19–22] and also have been in the context of OMOB [3].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Apart from the evaluation with these newly developed tools, we will also consider certain complications while doing similar evaluations with the OMOB [23].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' One of them is the use of regulators for the evaluation of the Ising integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This arises in the case of Ising integrals C3,1 and C4,1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For the case of C4,1, it is further complicated due to the use of two regulators, which, when the proper limiting procedure is applied, will give the final result.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' However, we point out that such a procedure is complicated and thus use the Modified Method of Brackets (MMOB) [24] to get the MB-integral.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This MB integral can then be evaluated without any introduction of such regulators and thus provides an efficient way to deal with these integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Using a similar procedure, we anant@iisc.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='ac.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='in †tanaypathak@iisc.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='ac.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='in ‡kartiksharma@iisc.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='ac.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='in 1 attempt to evaluate the elusive C5,k integral.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' However, we hit a roadblock for the same, as the resulting series does not converge and would require a proper analytic continuation procedure.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' At present, we find this task beyond the reach of the tools at hand, though we provide a possible way to achieve the same.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Yet such results still shed some light on the form that these integrals can be evaluated to.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' All the results are provided in the ancillary MATHEMATICA file Ising.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='nb .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Box integrals [25–28] are another interesting integrals where such techniques can be applied to get new results.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' They do carry a physical meaning in the sense that they provide the expected distance between two randomly chosen points over the unit n-cube.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We consider the two special cases of them, namely the Bn(s) and the ∆n(s).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We use the same techniques and derive the closed form results for already known B1(s) and B2(s) and new evaluation for B3(s) and B4(s) for general values of s.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The results are in terms of multi-variable hypergeometric function.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These evaluations further require the use of an analytic continuation procedure which has been done using Olsson.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='wl .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' All the results are provided in the ancillary MATHEMATICA file Box.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='nb .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These results for box integrals can then be further used to evaluate the Jellium potential Jn, which can be related to box integral Bn(s) [26, 29].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Finally, we give a general MB integral for Bn(s), which can be used to find the closed form result for all values of n and s using MbConicHull.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='wl .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' With all this, we find new connections between the Box integrals and the multivariable hypergeometric functions.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' All our calculations rely heavily on MATHEMATICA as we try to achieve the symbolic results for all the problems.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The paper is structured as follows: In section (2) using an example given in [4], we point out the problem in the OMOB and discuss the alternative to surpass this problem.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We then, in section (3), proceed to the evaluation of Ising integrals up to n = 4 while contrasting our method with the method used before to achieve the same in [3].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In section (4) we attempt to solve the C5,k integral and point out a general integral C5,k(α,β) which gives C5,k as a special case.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Though we point out that it is not the final result, a proper analytic continuation procedure is required to get C5,k from it.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We then evaluate box integral Bn(s) for n = 3,4 in section (5).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The new results for ∆n(s) and Jn with the above new results are also provided.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Finally, we conclude the paper with some conclusions and possible future directions in section (6).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In appendix C, we provide the table for all the MATHEMATICA files that we give and the packages required.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2 Method of Brackets revisited We will first illustrate the OMOB using a simple example of integral evaluation as given in [4].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We will first evaluate the integral by directly using the OMOB, then briefly propose a possible resolution while doing such evaluations, and then illustrate the alternative method to do the same.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We consider the following integral H1(a,b) = �∞ 0 K0(ax)K0(bx) (1) The integral is introduced to facilitate the evaluation of another integral, which is given by putting a = b H(a) = �∞ 0 K2 0(ax)dx (2) We can express K0(x) using the following series expansion: K0(ax) = � n1 φn1 a2n1Γ(−n1) 22n1+1 x2n1 (3) where φn = (−1)n Γ(n+1).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This expansion uses a divergent series, and we can express the result in the form of an integral representation as K0(bx) = 1 2 �∞ 0 exp � −t− b2x2 4t � dt t (4) Using the OMOB, we get: K0(bx) = � n2,n3 φn2,n3 b2n3 x2n3 22n3+1 〈n2 − n3〉 (5) Substituting the bracket series in Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1), we get H1(a,b) = � n1,n2,n3 φn1,n2,n3 a2n1b2n3Γ(−n1) 22n1+2n3+2 〈n2 − n3〉〈2n1 +2n3 +1〉 (6) 2 Now, we need to solve the bracket equations, which involve 2 equations but 3 variables.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Evaluating this we get following 3 series, Ti where ni is the free variable: T1 = 1 4a � n φnΓ(−n)Γ2 � n+ 1 2 �� b a �2n T2 = 1 4a � n φnΓ(−n)Γ2 � n+ 1 2 �� b a �2n T3 = 1 4a � n φnΓ(−n)Γ2 � n+ 1 2 �� b a �2n (7) Using the rules of the OMOB, all the 3 series of Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (7) have to be discarded as they are divergent.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A solution to such a problem, as implemented in [4], is to regularize the singularity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This amounts to modifying the bracket 〈n2−n3〉 → 〈n2−n3+ǫ〉.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' With this modification, when n1 is a free variable, one gets the series that contains Γ(−n), which is diverging and is thus discarded.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' While for the other cases, one gets two series with ǫ parameter (in the form of Γ(−n + ǫ) and Γ(−n − ǫ)).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In these series, when the proper limiting procedure is done, along with the condition a = b to ease the calculation, they give the result for the integral of Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content='(2).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Thus, the original integral of Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1) we started with still remains elusive, as the calculation is much more involved (the limiting procedure) within this present framework.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An alternative to the above evaluation, free from choosing the regulator and doing the tedious limiting procedure, is to use the MB representation derived using the MMOB [24].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Using it, we get the following MB representation for the integral given by Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1) H1(a,b) = 1 4 c+i∞ � c−i∞ dz 2πi a−2z−1b2zΓ(−z)2Γ �1 2(2z +1) �2 (8) The above MB integral can be readily evaluated in MATHEMATICA to give the following result H1(a,b) = π � a2 b2 K � 1− a2 b2 � 2a (9) where K(x) is the complete elliptic integral of the first kind.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Thus we get the value of the original integrals, Eq.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1) we started with.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For the special case of a = b, using K(0) = π 2 we get H1(a,a) = H(a) = π2 4a (10) So we see that for the simple cases, too, using the MB representation to evaluate these integrals provides an efficient way to evaluate these integrals.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3 Ising integrals In this section, we will analyze the integrals of the “Ising class".' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Ising models are extensively used to study the statistical nature of ferromagnets [30–32].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The model accounts for the magnetic dipole moments of the spins.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The n - dimensional integrals are denoted by Cn,Dn,En, where Dn is found in the magnetic susceptibility integrals essential to the Ising calculations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Dn = 4 n!' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/9dFQT4oBgHgl3EQf5zZD/content/2301.13436v1.pdf'} +page_content=' �∞ 0 ··· �∞ 0 � i