The capital of France is Paris. Paris is known for the Eiffel Tower and its beautiful architecture.


The capital of Germany is Berlin. Berlin is famous for its history and vibrant culture.


The capital of Italy is Rome. Rome was the center of the ancient Roman Empire.


The capital of Spain is Madrid. Madrid is home to world-class art museums.


The capital of Japan is Tokyo. Tokyo is one of the most populous cities in the world.


The capital of China is Beijing. Beijing has a rich history spanning thousands of years.


The capital of India is New Delhi. New Delhi is known for its diverse culture.


The capital of Brazil is Brasilia. Brasilia was planned and built in the 1960s.


The capital of Australia is Canberra. Canberra was chosen as a compromise between Sydney and Melbourne.


The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Ottawa is located on the Ontario-Quebec border.


The capital of Russia is Moscow. Moscow is the largest city in Europe by population.


The capital of Egypt is Cairo. Cairo sits along the Nile River in northern Egypt.


The capital of South Korea is Seoul. Seoul is a major technology and business hub.


The capital of Mexico is Mexico City. Mexico City is built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.


The capital of Argentina is Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires is known for tango dancing.


The capital of the United Kingdom is London. London is home to Big Ben and Buckingham Palace.


The capital of the United States is Washington D.C. It was founded in 1790.


The capital of Turkey is Ankara. Many people mistakenly think Istanbul is the capital.


The capital of South Africa has three cities: Pretoria, Cape Town, and Bloemfontein.


The capital of Switzerland is Bern. Switzerland is known for its neutrality and banking.


1 + 1 = 2. This is the most basic addition problem in mathematics.


2 + 2 = 4. Two plus two equals four, a fundamental arithmetic fact.


3 + 3 = 6. Three added to three gives us six.


4 + 4 = 8. Four plus four equals eight.


5 + 5 = 10. Five and five make ten.


6 + 6 = 12. Six plus six equals twelve, which is a dozen.


7 + 7 = 14. Seven added to seven equals fourteen.


8 + 8 = 16. Eight plus eight gives us sixteen.


9 + 9 = 18. Nine plus nine equals eighteen.


10 + 10 = 20. Ten and ten make twenty.


2 x 2 = 4. Two times two equals four, the same as two plus two.


3 x 3 = 9. Three squared equals nine.


4 x 4 = 16. Four squared equals sixteen.


5 x 5 = 25. Five times five equals twenty-five.


6 x 6 = 36. Six squared equals thirty-six.


7 x 7 = 49. Seven times seven equals forty-nine.


8 x 8 = 64. Eight squared equals sixty-four.


9 x 9 = 81. Nine times nine equals eighty-one.


10 x 10 = 100. Ten squared equals one hundred.


12 x 12 = 144. Twelve squared equals one hundred forty-four, also called a gross.


Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level. This is also 212 degrees Fahrenheit.


Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. This is 32 degrees Fahrenheit.


The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system. It provides light and heat to Earth.


The Earth orbits the Sun once every 365.25 days. This is why we have leap years.


The Moon orbits the Earth approximately once every 27 days. It causes ocean tides.


Light travels at approximately 300,000 kilometers per second in a vacuum.


Sound travels at about 343 meters per second in air at room temperature.


Gravity is a force that attracts objects with mass toward each other.


Plants convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. They produce oxygen.


DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains genetic instructions for life.


Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have positive charge.


The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It produces ATP for energy.


Oxygen is essential for human respiration. We breathe it in and exhale carbon dioxide.


The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth, covering about one-third of its surface.


Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth at 8,849 meters above sea level.


The Amazon River is the largest river by volume of water flow in the world.


The Nile River is the longest river in Africa, flowing through eleven countries.


The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, located in Africa.


Antarctica is the coldest and driest continent on Earth. It is mostly covered in ice.


There are seven continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America.


There are five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Ocean.


A year has 365 days in a common year and 366 days in a leap year.


There are 12 months in a year: January through December.


There are 7 days in a week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.


There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute.


A triangle has 3 sides and 3 angles. The sum of angles equals 180 degrees.


A square has 4 equal sides and 4 right angles. Each angle is 90 degrees.


A rectangle has 4 sides with opposite sides equal. All angles are 90 degrees.


A circle has no corners or edges. Pi times diameter equals circumference.


A pentagon has 5 sides. A regular pentagon has all sides equal.


A hexagon has 6 sides. Honeycombs are made of hexagonal cells.


An octagon has 8 sides. Stop signs are shaped like octagons.


Pi is approximately 3.14159. It is the ratio of circumference to diameter.


The square root of 4 is 2. Two times two equals four.


The square root of 9 is 3. Three times three equals nine.


The square root of 16 is 4. Four squared equals sixteen.


The square root of 25 is 5. Five squared equals twenty-five.


The square root of 100 is 10. Ten times ten equals one hundred.


Python is a programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.


JavaScript is a programming language that runs in web browsers and servers.


HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It structures web pages.


CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It styles web pages.


Rust is a systems programming language focused on safety and performance.


C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented features.


Java is a programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine.


SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It queries databases.


Git is a distributed version control system created by Linus Torvalds.


Linux is an open-source operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.


The human body has 206 bones in adults. Babies are born with about 270 bones.


The human heart has 4 chambers: two atria and two ventricles.


Humans have 5 senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.


The brain is the control center of the nervous system.


Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body using hemoglobin.


White blood cells fight infection and disease in the immune system.


The liver is the largest internal organ. It detoxifies the blood.


The skin is the largest organ of the human body by surface area.


Elephants are the largest land animals. African elephants can weigh 6 tons.


Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to exist on Earth.


Cheetahs are the fastest land animals, reaching speeds of 70 mph.


Peregrine falcons are the fastest animals, diving at over 200 mph.


Dolphins are intelligent marine mammals that use echolocation.


Bees produce honey from flower nectar. They are important pollinators.


Spiders have 8 legs and are arachnids, not insects.


Insects have 6 legs and 3 body segments: head, thorax, abdomen.


Birds have feathers and lay eggs. Most birds can fly.


Fish breathe through gills, extracting oxygen from water.


Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates with scales. They include snakes and lizards.


Mammals are warm-blooded animals that nurse their young with milk.


The speed of light in vacuum is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second.


Einstein's equation E=mc squared shows mass and energy are equivalent.


Newton's first law states an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon.


The periodic table organizes elements by atomic number and properties.


Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe.


Helium is the second lightest element. It is used in balloons.


Gold has the chemical symbol Au from the Latin word aurum.


Silver has the chemical symbol Ag from the Latin word argentum.


Iron has the chemical symbol Fe from the Latin word ferrum.


Copper has the chemical symbol Cu from the Latin word cuprum.


The Great Wall of China is over 13,000 miles long.


The pyramids of Giza were built around 4,500 years ago.


The Colosseum in Rome could hold 50,000 spectators.


The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States.


The Taj Mahal was built by Emperor Shah Jahan for his wife.


Shakespeare wrote 37 plays including Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet.


Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.


Beethoven composed 9 symphonies despite becoming deaf.


Mozart composed over 600 works before dying at age 35.


The Wright brothers made the first powered airplane flight in 1903.