Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-synth-herbal-traditional-medicine-safety-all

record_id string	scenario string	year int64	setting string	age int64	sex string	product_type string	indication string	heavy_metal_contaminated int64	lead_detected int64	mercury_detected int64	microbial_contaminated int64	aflatoxin int64	adulterated int64	synthetic_drug_added int64	pesticide_residue int64	hepatotoxicity int64	nephrotoxicity int64	gi_adverse int64	hospitalisation int64	concurrent_conventional int64	disclosed_to_doctor int64	interaction_risk int64	interaction_type string	registered_product int64	label_present int64	any_adverse int64
TRA-00000	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	urban_healer	50	female	herbal_decoction	other	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	absorption	0	0	1
TRA-00001	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	traditional_market	32	female	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00002	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	traditional_market	41	male	herbal_decoction	pain_inflammation	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00003	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	urban_healer	50	male	herbal_powder	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00004	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	rural_healer	31	female	herbal_powder	stomach_GI	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00005	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	traditional_market	23	male	herbal_decoction	other	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00006	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	rural_healer	61	female	herbal_decoction	other	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00007	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	urban_healer	35	female	animal_product	malaria_fever	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00008	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	urban_healer	37	female	herbal_decoction	malaria_fever	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00009	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	18	male	herbal_decoction	skin_disease	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	1	1
TRA-00010	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	rural_healer	45	male	herbal_powder	diabetes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00011	traditional_healer_practice	2,017	traditional_market	43	male	animal_product	fertility	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00012	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	rural_healer	34	female	herbal_decoction	sexual_enhancement	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00013	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	rural_healer	57	male	mineral_preparation	malaria_fever	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00014	traditional_healer_practice	2,014	rural_healer	9	female	herbal_decoction	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00015	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	traditional_market	19	female	animal_product	malaria_fever	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00016	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	urban_healer	42	female	mixed_herbal	diabetes	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00017	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	rural_healer	44	female	herbal_powder	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00018	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	traditional_market	39	female	animal_product	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00019	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	traditional_market	50	female	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00020	traditional_healer_practice	2,010	rural_healer	59	female	animal_product	stomach_GI	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	1
TRA-00021	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	urban_healer	43	male	mineral_preparation	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00022	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	urban_healer	43	female	herbal_decoction	hypertension	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00023	traditional_healer_practice	2,016	urban_healer	60	female	mineral_preparation	diabetes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00024	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	6	female	herbal_powder	stomach_GI	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	1	1	0
TRA-00025	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	community	22	female	mineral_preparation	malaria_fever	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00026	traditional_healer_practice	2,014	traditional_market	41	female	mixed_herbal	fertility	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00027	traditional_healer_practice	2,016	community	38	male	herbal_powder	stomach_GI	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00028	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	traditional_market	19	female	mixed_herbal	other	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00029	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	rural_healer	11	male	herbal_decoction	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	1
TRA-00030	traditional_healer_practice	2,016	community	59	male	animal_product	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00031	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	traditional_market	10	male	mineral_preparation	diabetes	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00032	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	rural_healer	51	male	animal_product	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00033	traditional_healer_practice	2,011	traditional_market	31	female	herbal_powder	malaria_fever	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00034	traditional_healer_practice	2,016	urban_healer	37	male	animal_product	malaria_fever	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00035	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	community	19	female	mixed_herbal	stomach_GI	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00036	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	urban_healer	70	female	herbal_powder	fertility	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	CYP_inhibition	0	0	1
TRA-00037	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	urban_healer	38	male	mixed_herbal	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00038	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	traditional_market	36	female	herbal_decoction	skin_disease	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00039	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	community	30	male	animal_product	other	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00040	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	68	male	mixed_herbal	skin_disease	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00041	traditional_healer_practice	2,014	rural_healer	37	female	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00042	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	rural_healer	31	male	animal_product	hypertension	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00043	traditional_healer_practice	2,011	rural_healer	20	male	herbal_powder	HIV_immune_boost	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00044	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	urban_healer	64	male	plant_extract	stomach_GI	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00045	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	traditional_market	63	female	herbal_powder	pain_inflammation	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00046	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	traditional_market	43	male	herbal_powder	skin_disease	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00047	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	urban_healer	37	male	herbal_powder	HIV_immune_boost	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00048	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	traditional_market	32	female	herbal_decoction	hypertension	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00049	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	urban_healer	25	male	mineral_preparation	other	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00050	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	community	27	male	herbal_powder	fertility	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00051	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	traditional_market	15	female	herbal_decoction	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00052	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	rural_healer	49	female	animal_product	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00053	traditional_healer_practice	2,010	traditional_market	66	male	herbal_decoction	skin_disease	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00054	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	rural_healer	38	male	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00055	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	32	female	herbal_powder	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00056	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	community	43	male	animal_product	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00057	traditional_healer_practice	2,011	rural_healer	42	female	herbal_decoction	skin_disease	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00058	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	community	19	female	mineral_preparation	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00059	traditional_healer_practice	2,016	rural_healer	53	female	herbal_powder	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00060	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	rural_healer	61	male	mineral_preparation	hypertension	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00061	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	community	27	male	plant_extract	skin_disease	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00062	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	urban_healer	57	male	mixed_herbal	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00063	traditional_healer_practice	2,017	urban_healer	45	female	mineral_preparation	other	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00064	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	traditional_market	51	female	mineral_preparation	malaria_fever	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00065	traditional_healer_practice	2,011	traditional_market	23	female	plant_extract	malaria_fever	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00066	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	community	58	male	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00067	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	community	23	male	herbal_powder	diabetes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00068	traditional_healer_practice	2,017	community	28	male	animal_product	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00069	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	traditional_market	16	male	mixed_herbal	malaria_fever	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00070	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	20	female	mixed_herbal	fertility	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00071	traditional_healer_practice	2,014	traditional_market	26	female	plant_extract	skin_disease	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00072	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	rural_healer	49	female	mineral_preparation	skin_disease	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00073	traditional_healer_practice	2,013	traditional_market	35	female	herbal_decoction	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00074	traditional_healer_practice	2,010	rural_healer	35	female	herbal_decoction	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00075	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	rural_healer	20	female	herbal_decoction	HIV_immune_boost	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00076	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	urban_healer	50	male	mineral_preparation	skin_disease	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00077	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	traditional_market	30	male	herbal_decoction	diabetes	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00078	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	community	20	female	herbal_powder	other	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00079	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	urban_healer	57	male	herbal_powder	skin_disease	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00080	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	traditional_market	41	female	herbal_powder	pain_inflammation	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00081	traditional_healer_practice	2,020	community	37	female	mixed_herbal	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00082	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	rural_healer	52	female	mineral_preparation	sexual_enhancement	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00083	traditional_healer_practice	2,022	urban_healer	39	female	herbal_powder	hypertension	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00084	traditional_healer_practice	2,017	rural_healer	54	male	herbal_decoction	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00085	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	traditional_market	53	female	herbal_decoction	sexual_enhancement	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00086	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	traditional_market	38	male	plant_extract	hypertension	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00087	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	rural_healer	41	male	herbal_decoction	malaria_fever	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	none	0	1	1
TRA-00088	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	community	8	male	herbal_powder	sexual_enhancement	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00089	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	rural_healer	47	male	mineral_preparation	other	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00090	traditional_healer_practice	2,023	urban_healer	37	male	mineral_preparation	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00091	traditional_healer_practice	2,011	traditional_market	23	male	herbal_powder	fertility	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	none	1	1	0
TRA-00092	traditional_healer_practice	2,018	rural_healer	39	female	herbal_powder	pain_inflammation	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	1
TRA-00093	traditional_healer_practice	2,019	traditional_market	44	female	plant_extract	other	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00094	traditional_healer_practice	2,024	rural_healer	37	male	herbal_powder	other	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0
TRA-00095	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	rural_healer	39	male	mixed_herbal	stomach_GI	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	1	0
TRA-00096	traditional_healer_practice	2,021	rural_healer	47	female	plant_extract	pain_inflammation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	1	0	0
TRA-00097	traditional_healer_practice	2,012	rural_healer	33	male	herbal_decoction	stomach_GI	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	1
TRA-00098	traditional_healer_practice	2,015	traditional_market	41	female	animal_product	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	absorption	0	0	1
TRA-00099	traditional_healer_practice	2,014	urban_healer	45	female	herbal_decoction	HIV_immune_boost	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	none	0	0	0

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⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

Herbal & Traditional Medicine Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Synthetic dataset modelling herbal/traditional medicine safety including contamination, adulteration, herb-drug interactions, and health outcomes across three settings in SSA. ~80% of Africans use traditional medicine; heavy metal contamination, microbial hazards, and adulteration with synthetic drugs are major safety concerns.

Parameterization Evidence

Parameter	Value	Source	Year
Heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) in herbals	Contamination	Frontiers Pharmacol	2020
Adulteration with synthetic drugs, pesticides, microbes	Adulteration	IntechOpen	2018
Microbial and heavy metal contamination review	Safety	BMC Complement Med	2023
Agranulocytosis, meningitis, multi-organ failure	Harm	PubMed 22843016	2012

Validation

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/herbal-traditional-medicine-safety", "traditional_healer_practice")

References

Frontiers Pharmacology. Heavy metal contamination in herbal medicines. 2020.
IntechOpen. Toxicity and safety of herbal medicines in Africa. 2018.
BMC Complement Med. Microbial and heavy metal contamination review. 2023.
PubMed 22843016. Contamination and adulteration of HMPs. 2012.

Citation

@dataset{electricsheepafrica_herbal_traditional_medicine_safety_2025,
  title={Herbal and Traditional Medicine Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa},
  author={Electric Sheep Africa},
  year={2025},
  publisher={HuggingFace},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/herbal-traditional-medicine-safety}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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