Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-synth-malaria-antimalarial-quality-failure-all

record_id string	scenario string	year int64	setting string	age int64	sex string	is_child_under5 int64	pregnant int64	drug_source string	act_type string	manufacturer_origin string	is_substandard_falsified int64	is_falsified int64	is_substandard int64	api_pct_label float64	api_below_85 int64	no_api_detected int64	dissolution_pass int64	correct_packaging int64	has_registration_number int64	expired int64	storage_poor int64	exposed_heat int64	treatment_failure int64	parasite_recrudescence int64	severe_malaria_progression int64	adr_reported int64	subtherapeutic_exposure int64	resistance_selection_risk int64	price_usd float64	any_adverse_outcome int64
HIG-00000	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_pharmacy	26	female	0	0	online	DHA_PQP	who_prequalified	1	1	0	32.6	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1.16	1
HIG-00001	high_burden_rural	2,013	rural_pharmacy	20	male	0	0	informal_vendor	ASAQ	unknown	1	1	0	27.3	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1.61	0
HIG-00002	high_burden_rural	2,015	informal_market	18	male	0	0	public_facility	DHA_PQP	who_prequalified	0	0	0	96.4	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1.65	1
HIG-00003	high_burden_rural	2,019	rural_pharmacy	26	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	92.3	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.01	0
HIG-00004	high_burden_rural	2,010	rural_health_post	0	male	1	0	public_facility	ASAQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	101.3	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.91	0
HIG-00005	high_burden_rural	2,021	rural_health_post	34	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	local	0	0	0	102.2	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.72	0
HIG-00006	high_burden_rural	2,020	rural_pharmacy	11	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	chinese_generic	1	1	0	44.3	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1.92	0
HIG-00007	high_burden_rural	2,019	rural_pharmacy	19	male	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	local	0	0	0	98.8	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.11	0
HIG-00008	high_burden_rural	2,014	rural_health_post	4	male	1	0	cross_border	DHA_PQP	indian_generic	0	0	0	99.9	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.66	0
HIG-00009	high_burden_rural	2,021	community_hwt	13	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	DHA_PQP	who_prequalified	0	0	0	100.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3.49	1
HIG-00010	high_burden_rural	2,015	informal_market	9	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	1	0	1	34.2	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2.74	0
HIG-00011	high_burden_rural	2,020	community_hwt	12	female	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	chinese_generic	1	1	0	19.6	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1.36	1
HIG-00012	high_burden_rural	2,019	community_hwt	48	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	90.7	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1.29	1
HIG-00013	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	9	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	local	1	1	0	24.4	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1.89	1
HIG-00014	high_burden_rural	2,010	rural_pharmacy	18	male	0	0	cross_border	AL	unknown	1	0	1	71.8	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1.3	0
HIG-00015	high_burden_rural	2,020	rural_health_post	9	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	96.4	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.95	0
HIG-00016	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_pharmacy	15	male	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	98.4	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.71	0
HIG-00017	high_burden_rural	2,022	informal_market	0	male	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	chinese_generic	1	1	0	27.2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2.49	0
HIG-00018	high_burden_rural	2,022	informal_market	31	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	35	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2.09	0
HIG-00019	high_burden_rural	2,023	informal_market	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	91.7	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1.63	1
HIG-00020	high_burden_rural	2,011	community_hwt	22	male	0	0	public_facility	DHA_PQP	indian_generic	0	0	0	100.6	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.26	0
HIG-00021	high_burden_rural	2,022	informal_market	34	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	98.5	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.65	0
HIG-00022	high_burden_rural	2,011	informal_market	22	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	94.7	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2.93	1
HIG-00023	high_burden_rural	2,012	rural_pharmacy	20	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	21.7	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1.17	1
HIG-00024	high_burden_rural	2,020	informal_market	24	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	ASAQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	105.2	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.24	0
HIG-00025	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_health_post	10	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	who_prequalified	1	0	1	42.6	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0.59	1
HIG-00026	high_burden_rural	2,016	informal_market	13	male	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	106.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3.84	1
HIG-00027	high_burden_rural	2,012	rural_health_post	8	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	86	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.69	0
HIG-00028	high_burden_rural	2,016	rural_pharmacy	24	female	0	0	cross_border	DHA_PQP	chinese_generic	0	0	0	94.2	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.55	0
HIG-00029	high_burden_rural	2,013	rural_health_post	26	male	0	0	online	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	97.7	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.87	0
HIG-00030	high_burden_rural	2,021	community_hwt	10	female	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	99.2	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.1	0
HIG-00031	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_pharmacy	0	male	1	0	cross_border	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	100.7	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.69	0
HIG-00032	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_health_post	5	female	0	0	cross_border	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	100.4	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.18	0
HIG-00033	high_burden_rural	2,019	rural_pharmacy	10	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	101.5	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.19	0
HIG-00034	high_burden_rural	2,018	rural_health_post	40	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	104.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.57	0
HIG-00035	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_pharmacy	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	50	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2.41	0
HIG-00036	high_burden_rural	2,011	informal_market	8	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	unknown	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	2.29	1
HIG-00037	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_health_post	11	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	97.5	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.77	0
HIG-00038	high_burden_rural	2,021	rural_health_post	23	male	0	0	online	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	4.38	1
HIG-00039	high_burden_rural	2,016	informal_market	27	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1.56	1
HIG-00040	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	13	female	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	unknown	0	0	0	97	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.83	0
HIG-00041	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_health_post	2	female	1	0	private_pharmacy	ASAQ	who_prequalified	0	0	0	97.3	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.81	0
HIG-00042	high_burden_rural	2,016	informal_market	19	female	0	0	public_facility	DHA_PQP	unknown	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1.23	0
HIG-00043	high_burden_rural	2,013	informal_market	9	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	ASAQ	unknown	0	0	0	99.8	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.51	0
HIG-00044	high_burden_rural	2,012	informal_market	0	female	1	0	public_facility	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	94.5	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.56	0
HIG-00045	high_burden_rural	2,018	rural_health_post	14	male	0	0	cross_border	DHA_PQP	unknown	0	0	0	92.4	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1.24	1
HIG-00046	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_pharmacy	2	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	105.9	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.09	0
HIG-00047	high_burden_rural	2,014	informal_market	32	female	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	indian_generic	1	0	1	66.8	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	4.03	0
HIG-00048	high_burden_rural	2,012	rural_pharmacy	0	male	1	0	public_facility	AL	unknown	1	0	1	83	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.98	0
HIG-00049	high_burden_rural	2,015	informal_market	48	female	0	0	cross_border	AL	unknown	0	0	0	97.5	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0.8	1
HIG-00050	high_burden_rural	2,017	informal_market	0	male	1	0	online	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	99.9	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.53	0
HIG-00051	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_pharmacy	34	male	0	0	informal_vendor	ASAQ	chinese_generic	0	0	0	102.1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	3.56	1
HIG-00052	high_burden_rural	2,022	community_hwt	0	female	1	0	public_facility	AL	local	1	0	1	69.7	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1.11	0
HIG-00053	high_burden_rural	2,010	rural_pharmacy	14	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AS_MQ	unknown	1	1	0	29	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.66	0
HIG-00054	high_burden_rural	2,014	informal_market	21	male	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	103.7	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	3.31	1
HIG-00055	high_burden_rural	2,020	community_hwt	36	male	0	0	public_facility	DHA_PQP	indian_generic	0	0	0	96	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.13	0
HIG-00056	high_burden_rural	2,011	informal_market	29	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	local	0	0	0	92.5	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.75	0
HIG-00057	high_burden_rural	2,023	rural_health_post	16	male	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	local	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1.56	0
HIG-00058	high_burden_rural	2,021	rural_pharmacy	15	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	101.5	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.6	0
HIG-00059	high_burden_rural	2,023	community_hwt	0	male	1	0	public_facility	ASAQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	93.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1.43	1
HIG-00060	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_pharmacy	17	male	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	101.2	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.75	0
HIG-00061	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	44	female	0	0	informal_vendor	AL	local	1	1	0	23.4	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.51	0
HIG-00062	high_burden_rural	2,020	rural_health_post	34	female	0	0	informal_vendor	quinine	local	0	0	0	101.6	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.38	0
HIG-00063	high_burden_rural	2,016	rural_pharmacy	3	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	AL	local	0	0	0	93	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3.73	0
HIG-00064	high_burden_rural	2,017	informal_market	4	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	AL	local	1	0	1	66.5	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1.03	0
HIG-00065	high_burden_rural	2,010	rural_health_post	39	female	0	1	informal_vendor	DHA_PQP	chinese_generic	0	0	0	98.3	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.18	0
HIG-00066	high_burden_rural	2,018	rural_pharmacy	27	female	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	unknown	0	0	0	85.3	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.22	0
HIG-00067	high_burden_rural	2,012	informal_market	4	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	DHA_PQP	local	0	0	0	90.6	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.79	0
HIG-00068	high_burden_rural	2,013	rural_health_post	26	male	0	0	public_facility	AS_MQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	107.3	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.09	0
HIG-00069	high_burden_rural	2,024	community_hwt	19	female	0	0	online	AL	unknown	0	0	0	99.8	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.6	0
HIG-00070	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	9	male	0	0	online	AL	unknown	0	0	0	90.4	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3.13	1
HIG-00071	high_burden_rural	2,018	rural_pharmacy	12	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	local	0	0	0	93.4	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.64	0
HIG-00072	high_burden_rural	2,014	rural_health_post	11	male	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	unknown	0	0	0	98	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5.71	0
HIG-00073	high_burden_rural	2,017	community_hwt	15	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	102.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.56	0
HIG-00074	high_burden_rural	2,018	rural_pharmacy	8	female	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	1	0	1	84	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	3.62	0
HIG-00075	high_burden_rural	2,020	community_hwt	16	male	0	0	informal_vendor	ASAQ	unknown	0	0	0	100.3	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.95	0
HIG-00076	high_burden_rural	2,020	informal_market	12	male	0	0	public_facility	quinine	indian_generic	1	1	0	26.3	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0.75	1
HIG-00077	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_pharmacy	6	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	chinese_generic	0	0	0	87.5	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.98	0
HIG-00078	high_burden_rural	2,018	informal_market	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	DHA_PQP	unknown	0	0	0	103.4	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.75	0
HIG-00079	high_burden_rural	2,012	rural_health_post	26	female	0	0	cross_border	DHA_PQP	indian_generic	0	0	0	97.5	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2	0
HIG-00080	high_burden_rural	2,022	informal_market	4	male	1	0	cross_border	AL	unknown	1	0	1	47.8	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	2.78	1
HIG-00081	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	32	female	0	0	public_facility	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	102.7	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.82	0
HIG-00082	high_burden_rural	2,024	rural_health_post	0	female	1	0	public_facility	AL	indian_generic	1	1	0	25.2	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	2.12	0
HIG-00083	high_burden_rural	2,020	informal_market	32	female	0	0	cross_border	AL	local	0	0	0	91.9	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.62	0
HIG-00084	high_burden_rural	2,022	informal_market	8	male	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	chinese_generic	0	0	0	97.1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.36	0
HIG-00085	high_burden_rural	2,023	community_hwt	0	female	1	0	private_pharmacy	quinine	local	0	0	0	98	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.87	0
HIG-00086	high_burden_rural	2,022	rural_health_post	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	local	1	0	1	68.7	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	6.24	1
HIG-00087	high_burden_rural	2,014	rural_health_post	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	ASAQ	chinese_generic	0	0	0	95.7	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.82	0
HIG-00088	high_burden_rural	2,023	community_hwt	7	male	0	0	public_facility	AL	local	1	0	1	81.9	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2.6	0
HIG-00089	high_burden_rural	2,017	rural_health_post	2	male	1	0	public_facility	AL	who_prequalified	1	0	1	53.4	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	5.85	0
HIG-00090	high_burden_rural	2,020	rural_health_post	0	female	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	91.9	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.69	0
HIG-00091	high_burden_rural	2,018	informal_market	19	female	0	0	informal_vendor	ASAQ	local	0	0	0	85.8	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.55	0
HIG-00092	high_burden_rural	2,010	rural_pharmacy	10	female	0	0	public_facility	ASAQ	indian_generic	0	0	0	95.8	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.5	0
HIG-00093	high_burden_rural	2,021	informal_market	0	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	101.3	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.88	0
HIG-00094	high_burden_rural	2,015	rural_pharmacy	38	female	0	0	cross_border	AL	indian_generic	0	0	0	100.9	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.68	0
HIG-00095	high_burden_rural	2,014	informal_market	0	male	1	0	private_pharmacy	AL	who_prequalified	1	1	0	24.5	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2.25	0
HIG-00096	high_burden_rural	2,019	rural_health_post	28	female	0	0	informal_vendor	quinine	chinese_generic	1	1	0	43.5	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0.76	0
HIG-00097	high_burden_rural	2,014	rural_health_post	6	male	0	0	private_pharmacy	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	103.4	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2.09	1
HIG-00098	high_burden_rural	2,023	informal_market	0	male	1	0	informal_vendor	AL	who_prequalified	1	0	1	36.2	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	3.93	1
HIG-00099	high_burden_rural	2,016	community_hwt	4	female	1	0	online	AL	who_prequalified	0	0	0	96.1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.74	0

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⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

Antimalarial Quality & Treatment Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Synthetic dataset modelling antimalarial medicine quality, substandard/falsified prevalence, and treatment outcomes across three market settings in SSA. A meta-analysis of 21 SSA surveys found 35% of antimalarials failed chemical analysis and 20% were falsified, contributing to >120,000 under-5 deaths annually.

Scenarios

High Burden Rural: Rural health posts and informal markets; 35% SF prevalence; poor storage.
Urban Mixed Market: Urban pharmacies and online; 20% SF; better quality testing.
Border Transit Zone: Cross-border trade; 40% SF; highest falsification rates.

Parameterization Evidence

Parameter	Value	Source	Year
35% antimalarials failed chemical analysis in SSA	Prevalence	PMC5417205 meta-analysis	2017
20% classified as falsified	Falsification	PMC5417205	2017
>120,000 under-5 deaths from poor-quality antimalarials	Mortality	Renschler et al.	2015
42% of WHO SF reports from Africa; 10% sampled SF	Surveillance	PMC10817106	2024
ACT quality in Tanzania private sector	Quality	PubMed 25897065	2015

Validation

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/antimalarial-quality-failure", "high_burden_rural")

Limitations

Synthetic data; not for clinical decision-making.
API content modelled as continuous; real testing uses discrete pass/fail thresholds.
Does not capture seasonal variation in malaria burden or drug demand.

References

PMC5417205. Prevalence of substandard antimalarials in SSA. 2017.
PMC10817106. Substandard and falsified antimicrobials in East Africa. 2024.
Renschler et al. Estimated under-5 deaths from poor-quality antimalarials. 2015.
WHO. Artemisinin partial resistance Q&A. 2023.

Citation

@dataset{electricsheepafrica_antimalarial_quality_failure_2025,
  title={Antimalarial Quality and Treatment Failure in Sub-Saharan Africa},
  author={Electric Sheep Africa},
  year={2025},
  publisher={HuggingFace},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/antimalarial-quality-failure}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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