Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

africa-synth-mobile-telecom-internet-penetration-district-all

record_id int64 1 30k	country stringclasses 12 values	district stringclasses 109 values	year int64 2.02k 2.03k	population int64 80k 14.2M	internet_penetration_pct float64 0 98.7	mobile_broadband_pct float64 0 100	fixed_broadband_pct float64 0 26.1	urban_rural stringclasses 2 values	avg_download_speed_mbps float64 1 47.5	data_cost_per_gb_usd float64 1.21 15	smartphone_penetration_pct float64 0 96.7	2g_coverage_pct float64 71 100	3g_coverage_pct float64 44 96.5	4g_coverage_pct float64 15.2 86.5	5g_coverage_pct float64 0 16.8	digital_literacy_score float64 0 91	affordability_index float64 0 65.9	connectivity_gap_index float64 5.27 95.2	scenario stringclasses 3 values
1	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	885,264	67.05	41.7	10.39	urban	11.3	4.74	44.86	86.31	58.44	33.03	4.01	42.58	43.93	44.61	baseline
2	South Africa	Free State	2,018	187,175	77.17	77.08	16	urban	4.5	5.7	60.39	93.32	84.14	47.1	4.98	40.95	32.44	34.56	baseline
3	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	478,591	65.73	52.88	5.54	rural	22.33	4.27	37.88	89.61	65.67	48.94	4.7	42.76	26.89	38.73	baseline
4	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	7,730,428	73.12	86.1	7.13	urban	6.49	5.69	47.82	90.14	62.37	35.12	4.73	60.97	24.94	38.7	baseline
5	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	759,901	74.04	74.59	7.55	urban	7.47	4.92	75.19	88.95	80.92	51.62	5.95	47.13	29.51	37.19	baseline
6	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	2,399,610	66.34	62.94	13.15	rural	10.49	4.6	64.06	99.89	80.88	42.05	0.71	39.11	22.46	51.59	baseline
7	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	162,582	69.29	69.72	15.65	urban	14.75	4.33	61.52	86.94	68.58	43.1	1.3	53.26	27.73	53.06	baseline
8	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	339,947	68	58.39	8.94	urban	13.7	5.16	72.02	93.33	77.85	30.86	0.61	53.24	38.18	36.48	baseline
9	South Africa	North West	2,018	279,659	68.78	56.31	18.07	urban	13.08	4.76	57.39	90.75	60.54	32.77	0.69	47.04	35.72	47.3	baseline
10	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	710,658	75.85	82.46	18.55	rural	8.2	4.38	56.47	94.55	89.34	37.46	4.41	50.31	28.87	34.46	baseline
11	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	391,120	76.89	58.04	10.83	urban	12.41	5.79	44.68	80.25	50.07	16.55	2.14	49.93	16.08	48.35	baseline
12	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	519,589	67.6	52.98	11.82	urban	14.26	5.71	56.65	100	60.33	34.96	2.95	42.61	34.26	47.03	baseline
13	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	336,150	72.39	77.38	15.38	rural	10.07	6.4	51.47	83.88	54.27	19.1	0.31	31.32	20.27	45.23	baseline
14	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	609,959	77.21	52.56	10.37	urban	11.07	5.08	46.35	89.65	67.21	20.46	0.23	40.58	41.04	32.88	baseline
15	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	235,287	74.48	80.92	20.03	urban	11.82	4.44	47.16	80.52	75.76	48.28	6.7	44.71	34.91	38.18	baseline
16	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	2,026,850	75.59	55.48	18.84	urban	17.02	5.29	64.21	85.87	75.42	30.35	0.11	52.39	32.23	40.04	baseline
17	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	1,976,372	72.79	48.77	16.22	urban	17.22	5.15	58.73	85.03	64.01	47.55	0.82	62.29	34.19	32.5	baseline
18	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	4,305,700	76.15	65.88	10.43	urban	4.14	4.72	60.66	86.58	55.8	27.3	3.85	54.55	27.51	28.86	baseline
19	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	380,850	69.46	52.25	8.53	rural	5.31	5.48	47.36	87.79	73.07	42.28	0.59	42.01	33.59	38.48	baseline
20	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	128,458	63.11	47.22	7.48	urban	8.26	4.62	37.74	89.71	77.4	50.04	0.8	50	30.37	40.74	baseline
21	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	558,634	66	62.04	7.56	urban	5.25	5.6	39.77	94.53	61.98	42.62	2.88	45.9	28.93	32.56	baseline
22	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	367,936	70.14	55.67	17.03	urban	12.04	4.59	49.26	86.14	65.73	21.56	2.69	54.36	25.96	46.45	baseline
23	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	9,002,392	64.25	72.28	12.57	rural	14.69	3.89	41.56	91.02	55.54	25.06	2.55	55.9	34.39	46.31	baseline
24	South Africa	North West	2,018	108,276	63.3	43.21	9.44	rural	8.3	4.88	52.5	84.62	59.02	42.97	2.72	61.54	35.82	35.89	baseline
25	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	761,725	69.35	49.1	8.38	rural	4.75	4.99	50.03	95.29	65.72	30.63	2.78	44.62	41.13	40.15	baseline
26	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	1,608,443	74.05	77.6	3.48	urban	5.5	4.99	59.97	86.37	75.89	42.09	0.26	37.44	23.23	36.29	baseline
27	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	2,356,054	76.31	77.33	11.62	urban	13.86	5.55	66.52	84.42	63.52	39.95	1.61	48.52	35.8	29.06	baseline
28	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	2,690,122	70.1	73.6	6.9	urban	19.34	4.04	67.95	89.88	83.75	28.35	3.06	51.83	26.5	38.37	baseline
29	South Africa	North West	2,018	177,573	68.34	67.67	6.73	urban	9.14	5.94	49.28	85.9	58.47	36.52	1.73	52.66	26.44	28.79	baseline
30	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	2,772,906	65.02	47.62	5.95	rural	13.76	5.91	45.8	96.27	81.26	28.99	3.78	45.87	15.06	42.36	baseline
31	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	133,872	72.07	50.83	8	urban	7.11	5.78	74.63	93.25	74.16	36.14	3.23	53.78	20.29	30.81	baseline
32	South Africa	Free State	2,018	400,214	80.23	63.1	15.15	urban	7.87	5.45	65.45	92.84	78.1	39.95	0.2	57.52	28.41	34.63	baseline
33	South Africa	North West	2,018	735,420	71.68	50.96	7.74	urban	13.81	5.11	64.26	82.29	75.91	37.77	2.66	42.31	29.24	43.43	baseline
34	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	707,086	67.59	55.54	8.31	urban	8.4	3.18	58.61	88.14	54.13	34.66	2.45	45.1	33.15	34.8	baseline
35	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	682,698	67.85	52.25	3.59	urban	13.73	4.51	54.45	92.09	63.39	22.32	2.59	51.49	41.67	35.92	baseline
36	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	1,909,393	66.46	68.28	14.15	urban	16.69	5.7	53.76	99.72	81.08	33.06	0.79	65.57	21.07	34.55	baseline
37	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	2,235,452	66.85	69.89	6.67	rural	5.67	4.03	51.42	92	74.5	47.37	0.97	51.6	46	41.63	baseline
38	South Africa	Free State	2,018	82,689	66.64	78.35	11.34	rural	15.65	4.36	57.9	85.77	57.12	35.07	3.01	49.45	36.07	51.56	baseline
39	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	7,477,326	72.33	49.42	21.21	urban	19.89	4.75	66.79	98.9	59.87	21.84	2.85	61	35.38	39.01	baseline
40	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	424,525	70.72	55.44	13.94	rural	1	5.22	58.48	100	86.14	42.66	0.63	34.33	22.56	30.89	baseline
41	South Africa	North West	2,018	128,225	74.34	66.14	4.77	urban	14.62	5.14	63.27	84.39	65.33	36.75	1.28	58.86	26.79	31.52	baseline
42	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	10,170,395	67.36	64.3	10.63	urban	12.39	5.23	46.73	86.34	69.09	38.6	5.75	51.32	26	53.16	baseline
43	South Africa	Free State	2,018	715,863	75.1	68.37	7.66	urban	7.32	5.15	68.45	90.83	58.84	20.23	1.9	38.68	41.29	45.02	baseline
44	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	5,951,131	65.93	68.25	13.28	rural	15.06	4.86	63.62	100	70.33	48.65	5.87	40.31	30.16	41.52	baseline
45	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	664,384	68.41	61.92	8.25	rural	4.04	3.65	58.85	92.84	56.51	39.44	3.32	51.17	42.22	39.37	baseline
46	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	2,012,516	71.86	79.24	5.5	urban	16.83	4.34	70.09	87.94	70.84	44.42	5.9	41.29	28.71	30.69	baseline
47	South Africa	Free State	2,018	307,823	78.29	55.51	9.34	urban	6.84	4.42	56.08	96.98	73.63	44.05	4.24	61.48	33.67	30.31	baseline
48	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	295,173	71.06	53.17	15.38	urban	13.14	4.98	63.76	91.62	63.01	23.85	2.37	54.03	32.93	40.77	baseline
49	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	134,944	69.07	51.04	7.91	urban	15.77	4.39	57.36	88.44	73.46	32.01	3.09	33.37	56.18	46.49	baseline
50	South Africa	Free State	2,018	157,060	69.81	54.43	9.49	urban	6.62	4.14	53.68	84.7	74.33	26.13	2.57	50.4	41.57	35.55	baseline
51	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	435,395	63.04	55.85	6.94	rural	23.03	4.58	34.61	94.57	81.39	38.06	0.74	51.85	47.88	44.8	baseline
52	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	777,660	62.92	49.48	6.41	urban	12.81	4.47	48.24	92.66	73.64	25.9	1.08	44.62	35.42	49.92	baseline
53	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	107,529	64.87	41.01	7.14	rural	1	4.63	44.72	88.96	76.44	56.36	0.78	44.96	27.93	37.73	baseline
54	South Africa	North West	2,018	675,164	72.53	71.1	6.23	urban	13.3	3.96	57.17	91.29	65.8	23.02	2.34	60.06	30.89	35.02	baseline
55	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	88,060	77.23	75.37	10.04	urban	14.66	4.55	61.85	90.8	75.71	34.78	2.07	60.85	33.74	27.29	baseline
56	South Africa	North West	2,018	530,137	67.19	46.1	2.01	rural	18.67	3.82	55.56	98.2	67.29	38.02	2.99	55.62	33.62	42.11	baseline
57	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	615,280	65.66	65.85	10.68	rural	8.78	5.15	47.14	91.33	79.07	26.4	3.77	51.59	26.39	37.01	baseline
58	South Africa	North West	2,018	737,685	64.06	62.68	11.84	rural	8.12	5.72	41.78	87.21	72	53.27	0.72	52.33	23.27	35.97	baseline
59	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	551,579	65.91	60.97	12.02	rural	9.21	5.5	53.37	96.22	59.05	36.52	5.43	53.33	21.16	41.01	baseline
60	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	434,803	76.14	65.32	6.98	urban	8.89	4.91	81.15	87.72	55.13	33	4.54	47.95	29.01	45.9	baseline
61	South Africa	Free State	2,018	404,620	66.03	46.79	19.06	rural	5.06	5.23	53.95	89.04	63.05	45.9	2.35	47.42	31.04	37.91	baseline
62	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	2,429,404	75.03	46.51	8.91	urban	8.01	4.59	68.93	91.2	60.01	29.82	1.84	36.27	31.88	38.46	baseline
63	South Africa	North West	2,018	325,369	65.58	64.99	10.96	rural	19.6	5.82	45.28	85.49	80.2	53.54	6.44	54.12	30.66	39.22	baseline
64	South Africa	North West	2,018	620,970	69.32	62.71	17.31	urban	14.94	5.46	51.36	89.32	55.26	29.06	1.03	52.21	35.29	42.09	baseline
65	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	3,450,300	69.07	74.91	4.77	urban	5.41	5.25	47.7	93.21	79.65	42.81	0.71	42.01	29.32	42.8	baseline
66	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	2,053,729	75.26	50.15	11.58	urban	13.43	3.93	54.46	83.6	52.67	38.9	0.39	56.62	30.1	36.34	baseline
67	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	125,649	73.84	51.8	13.51	urban	17.38	3.98	57.1	89.25	70.61	47.03	1.24	52.79	38.13	29.38	baseline
68	South Africa	North West	2,018	559,911	70.36	80.94	7.22	rural	15.33	5.29	37.93	87.52	78.92	25.37	2.5	42.26	28.78	49.59	baseline
69	South Africa	Free State	2,018	435,505	63.55	68.09	10.8	rural	3	5.89	59.65	85.78	53.87	32.18	1.48	45.52	22.32	43.05	baseline
70	South Africa	North West	2,018	724,718	69.08	85.61	3.26	urban	7.04	5.31	57.33	94.27	82.34	25.99	0.26	59.25	31.27	32.66	baseline
71	South Africa	Free State	2,018	792,048	67.81	52.7	4.09	urban	13.87	4.56	53.81	92.36	84.95	29.99	3.49	59.59	32.79	33.6	baseline
72	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	208,594	70.44	70.51	19.52	rural	1	6.11	59.13	86.06	60.67	22.5	2.39	45.45	25.09	40.27	baseline
73	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	225,622	67.02	62.4	10.66	urban	10.37	5.15	48.32	88.82	66.06	31.99	2.76	41.77	34.75	46.52	baseline
74	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	838,274	69.32	47.96	12.85	rural	15.17	5.32	46.18	92.25	78.26	35.66	5.03	53.57	39.38	31.61	baseline
75	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	211,250	66.91	62.82	10.19	rural	9.16	3.71	40.45	91.29	82.37	27.72	3.94	46.43	38.89	36.86	baseline
76	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	602,230	65.3	51.98	7.18	urban	5.87	3.76	44.99	85.18	61.25	22.33	2.89	55.22	30.47	57.25	baseline
77	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	619,995	68.91	59.68	8.22	urban	13.02	4.1	51.93	91.95	65.71	36.8	1.73	47.17	36.86	34.88	baseline
78	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	104,302	64.78	54.33	12.35	rural	11.87	3.67	48.58	89.86	57.3	20.64	0.82	48.5	34.39	50.02	baseline
79	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	7,082,139	75.04	77.59	10.96	urban	10.13	6.53	64.6	91.27	84.75	54.22	1.62	43.71	17.12	32.55	baseline
80	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	9,712,957	64.46	50.6	14.32	rural	23.68	4.88	42.06	92.91	78.79	34.27	4.19	38.81	26.3	48.56	baseline
81	South Africa	Free State	2,018	705,905	75.08	74.43	11.95	rural	4.14	5.47	67.52	91.53	76.73	24.11	3.43	43.7	30.36	39.22	baseline
82	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	510,311	67.35	67.08	12.5	urban	4.84	2.3	45.07	81.04	61.66	33.29	2.73	64.71	39.88	30.16	baseline
83	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	372,559	72.49	69.98	8.64	urban	18.18	4.63	71.41	91.12	58.56	35.4	2.02	44.56	44.66	39.6	baseline
84	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	1,752,753	67.1	47.21	14.13	urban	17.02	4.88	60.05	90.11	82.61	33.17	1.16	53.28	36.76	41.06	baseline
85	South Africa	North West	2,018	657,086	71.42	80.03	8.4	rural	3.84	4.78	48.32	90.85	61.9	39.14	4.99	35.95	46.08	44.56	baseline
86	South Africa	Free State	2,018	496,278	73.39	83.11	9.56	urban	11.63	3.46	45.73	83.13	65.14	45.61	0.92	53.94	34.7	35.8	baseline
87	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	1,080,975	66.5	67.34	3.71	rural	6.07	4.23	50.49	88.18	83.21	42.84	6.01	49.59	41.55	38.14	baseline
88	South Africa	North West	2,018	690,754	74.05	72.77	5.88	rural	13.55	4.15	70.94	88.76	56.9	40.53	1.79	40.89	32.9	37.86	baseline
89	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal	2,018	2,044,182	76.55	74.63	16.69	urban	3.12	3.77	55.02	85.34	78.6	27.55	3.42	49.36	41.26	34.01	baseline
90	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	543,303	72.26	58.3	11.78	urban	5.52	4.05	44.36	81.18	69.26	33.12	4.06	54.1	36.35	31.12	baseline
91	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	2,010,921	76.7	58.58	10.51	rural	2.19	6.07	56.33	94.9	85.83	60.77	3.42	47.15	22.82	23.52	baseline
92	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	267,143	66.61	74	14.67	rural	1	3.69	51.69	87.38	66.51	24.6	0.7	51.48	45.59	36.72	baseline
93	South Africa	Gauteng	2,018	5,037,710	71.64	67.9	16.79	urban	13.12	4.45	50.54	91.12	70.74	30.43	3.72	48.64	33.93	34.92	baseline
94	South Africa	Mpumalanga	2,018	311,780	67.44	68.2	14.65	rural	17.37	4.7	48.06	86.96	68.14	41.79	2.56	41.36	32.14	44.55	baseline
95	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	231,363	72.66	76.37	12.72	rural	13.43	5.26	73.96	91.26	77.9	30.05	1.21	44.61	26.72	32.52	baseline
96	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	1,210,233	70.7	73.92	8.47	rural	5.73	7.26	67.5	90.32	60.65	43.17	3.58	58.38	21.42	32.57	baseline
97	South Africa	Northern Cape	2,018	617,727	63.76	64.58	12.32	urban	13.7	4.84	58.95	89.95	71.39	40.18	4.34	49.26	31.51	44.71	baseline
98	South Africa	Eastern Cape	2,018	657,390	67.01	66.1	14.84	rural	6.14	5.63	51.93	88.93	81.89	44.55	4.29	38.4	30.12	40.32	baseline
99	South Africa	Western Cape	2,018	2,029,698	69.78	51.96	5.86	urban	11.13	3.72	55.28	89.52	70.39	34.14	0.09	49.5	36.91	33.43	baseline
100	South Africa	Limpopo	2,018	267,974	70.11	55.75	11.52	rural	7.03	4.31	54.94	76.04	51.63	31.38	3.99	37.83	28.49	36.8	baseline

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⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

African Internet Penetration District Dataset

Synthetic district-level internet connectivity data for 12 Sub-Saharan African countries across three policy scenarios (2018–2025).

Dataset Description

This dataset provides granular, district-level estimates of internet penetration and digital infrastructure metrics across Sub-Saharan Africa. It is fully synthetic, generated with realistic statistical distributions calibrated against public data from ITU, GSMA, World Bank, and national regulatory authorities.

Countries

Country	Baseline Avg Internet Pen
South Africa	~70%
Nigeria	~55%
Kenya	~65%
DR Congo	~25%
Ghana	~53%
Tanzania	~40%
Ethiopia	~20%
Uganda	~35%
Rwanda	~45%
Senegal	~42%
Cote d'Ivoire	~38%
Mozambique	~15%

Scenarios

baseline: Business-as-usual growth trajectory
infrastructure_push: Aggressive infrastructure investment (+12pp internet, +40% speed, -30% cost)
digital_divide: Widening digital gap (-8pp internet, -30% speed, +30% cost)

Variables

Variable	Type	Description
`record_id`	int	Unique record identifier
`country`	str	Country name
`district`	str	Province/state/district name
`year`	int	Year (2018–2025)
`population`	int	District population estimate
`internet_penetration_pct`	float	Internet penetration rate (%)
`mobile_broadband_pct`	float	Mobile broadband subscription rate (%)
`fixed_broadband_pct`	float	Fixed broadband subscription rate (%)
`urban_rural`	str	Urban or rural classification
`avg_download_speed_mbps`	float	Average download speed (Mbps)
`data_cost_per_gb_usd`	float	Mobile data cost per GB (USD)
`smartphone_penetration_pct`	float	Smartphone ownership rate (%)
`2g_coverage_pct`	float	2G network coverage (%)
`3g_coverage_pct`	float	3G network coverage (%)
`4g_coverage_pct`	float	4G/LTE network coverage (%)
`5g_coverage_pct`	float	5G network coverage (%)
`digital_literacy_score`	float	Digital literacy composite score (0–100)
`affordability_index`	float	Affordability index (0–100)
`connectivity_gap_index`	float	Connectivity gap index (0–100, higher = worse)
`scenario`	str	Policy scenario label

Files

data/african_internet_penetration_district.csv — Combined dataset (all scenarios)
data/african_internet_penetration_baseline.csv — Baseline scenario
data/african_internet_penetration_infrastructure_push.csv — Infrastructure push scenario
data/african_internet_penetration_digital_divide.csv — Digital divide scenario
data/african_internet_penetration_district.parquet — Parquet format (all scenarios)
generate_dataset.py — Generation script
validate_dataset.py — Validation script

Usage

import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("data/african_internet_penetration_district.csv")
print(df.describe())

# Filter by country and scenario
sa_baseline = df[(df["country"] == "South Africa") & (df["scenario"] == "baseline")]

Generation

pip install -r requirements.txt
python generate_dataset.py
python validate_dataset.py

License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0).

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