import re
import time
import warnings
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional

import pycountry
from geopy.exc import GeocoderTimedOut, GeocoderServiceError
from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim

from gadm_utils import GADMHandler


def resolve_place(
        place_name: str,
        fall_back_country: Optional[str] = None,
        session_name: Optional[str] = None,
        gadm_handler: Optional[GADMHandler] = None,
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    """
    Resolve a place name to coordinates using Nominatim,
    with fallback to country via pycountry + GADMHandler.
    """

    def fail(status: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            "status": status,
            "used_name": None,
            "latitude": None,
            "longitude": None,
            "bbox_area": None,
            "gid": None
        }

    def compute_bbox_area_from_nominatim(bbox) -> Optional[float]:
        try:
            lat_min, lat_max = float(bbox[0]), float(bbox[1])
            lon_min, lon_max = float(bbox[2]), float(bbox[3])
            if lon_min > lon_max:
                lon_max += 360.0
            return abs((lat_max - lat_min) * (lon_max - lon_min))
        except Exception:
            return None

    def geocode(query: str, max_retries: int = 3, backoff: float = 1.0):
        for attempt in range(1, max_retries + 1):
            try:
                return geocoder.geocode(query, timeout=5, geometry="geojson")
            except (GeocoderTimedOut, GeocoderServiceError) as e:
                if attempt == max_retries:
                    warnings.warn(
                        f"Geocoding failed: {query}\n{type(e).__name__}: {e}",
                        RuntimeWarning,
                    )
                    return None
                time.sleep(backoff * attempt)
            except Exception as e:
                if attempt == max_retries:
                    warnings.warn(
                        f"Unexpected error: {query}\n{type(e).__name__}: {e}",
                        RuntimeWarning,
                    )
                    return None
                time.sleep(backoff * attempt)

    # --- Step 0: validate input ---
    if not isinstance(place_name, str) or not place_name.strip():
        return fail("Invalid input: place_name must be a non-empty string.")

    # --- setup geocoder ---
    identifier = "ERP_SOIL_GPT"
    if session_name:
        identifier += "_" + re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_]", "_", session_name)
    geocoder = Nominatim(user_agent=identifier)

    # --- Step 0: try direct GADM match (aliases only) ---
    if gadm_handler:

        def norm(s: str) -> str:
            return s.strip().lower()

        place_norm = norm(place_name)

        for gid, node in gadm_handler.tree.items():
            raw_aliases = node.get("aliases", [])
            aliases = {norm(a) for a in raw_aliases}
            aliases.add(norm(node["name"]))
            aliases.add(norm(gid))
            if not aliases:
                continue

            if place_norm in aliases:
                geom_info = gadm_handler.get_geometry_info(gid)
                if geom_info is None:
                    return fail(
                        f"Matched GADM node '{gid}' but geometry is missing."
                    )

                return {
                    "status": "Resolved by direct GADM alias match.",
                    "used_name": place_name,
                    "latitude": geom_info["latitude"],
                    "longitude": geom_info["longitude"],
                    "bbox_area": geom_info["bbox_area"],
                    "gid": gid,
                }

    # --- Step 1: try full place name ---
    query = place_name
    if fall_back_country and fall_back_country not in query:
        query += f", {fall_back_country}"

    result = geocode(query)
    if result:
        try:
            lat = float(result.latitude)
            lon = float(result.longitude)
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            return fail("Geocoding succeeded but returned invalid coordinates.")

        bbox_area = compute_bbox_area_from_nominatim(
            result.raw.get("boundingbox")
        )

        return {
            "status": "Success. Resolved by Nominatim.",
            "used_name": query,
            "latitude": lat,
            "longitude": lon,
            "bbox_area": bbox_area,
            "gid": gadm_handler.find_gid(lat, lon, bbox_area)
            if gadm_handler
            else None,
        }

    # --- Step 2: try country via Nominatim ---
    if fall_back_country:
        result = geocode(fall_back_country)
        if result:
            try:
                lat = float(result.latitude)
                lon = float(result.longitude)
            except (TypeError, ValueError):
                return fail("Fallback succeeded but returned invalid coordinates.")

            bbox_area = compute_bbox_area_from_nominatim(
                result.raw.get("boundingbox")
            )

            return {
                "status": (
                    f"Fallback. Failed with '{place_name}', "
                    f"succeeded with '{fall_back_country}' by Nominatim."
                ),
                "used_name": fall_back_country,
                "latitude": lat,
                "longitude": lon,
                "bbox_area": bbox_area,
                "gid": gadm_handler.find_gid(lat, lon, bbox_area)
                if gadm_handler
                else None,
            }

    # --- Step 3: offline country fallback via pycountry + GADMHandler ---
    if fall_back_country and gadm_handler:
        try:
            country = pycountry.countries.lookup(fall_back_country)
        except LookupError:
            country = None

        if country:
            alpha3 = country.alpha_3
            geom_info = gadm_handler.get_geometry_info(alpha3)
            if geom_info:
                return {
                    "status": (
                        f"Fallback. Failed with '{place_name}', "
                        f"succeeded with '{fall_back_country}' by PyCountry."
                    ),
                    "used_name": country.name,
                    "latitude": geom_info["latitude"],
                    "longitude": geom_info["longitude"],
                    "bbox_area": geom_info["bbox_area"],
                    "gid": alpha3,
                }

    # --- Step 4: complete failure ---
    return fail("Failed.")


def main():
    handler = GADMHandler("data_api/gadm_tree_europe.pkl")

    place = "Balkan"
    fallback = None

    t0 = time.time()
    result = resolve_place(
        place_name=place,
        fall_back_country=fallback,
        gadm_handler=handler,
    )
    print("Seconds:", time.time() - t0)

    print("\n--- Resolution Result ---")
    for k, v in result.items():
        print(f"{k}: {v}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()