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data-md-type=toc><div style="height: 769px;"class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap><div class=md-sidebar__inner><nav aria-label="Table of contents"class="md-nav md-nav--secondary"><label class=md-nav__title for=__toc><span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents</label><ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#json-for-beginners> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> JSON for beginners </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#postgresqls-json-types> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> PostgreSQL's json types </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#indexes> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Indexes </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#table-creation> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Table creation </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#data-insertion-and-retrieval> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Data insertion and retrieval </span> </span> </a> <nav aria-label="Data insertion and retrieval"class=md-nav><ul class=md-nav__list><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#simple-example> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Simple example </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#with-nested-json> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> With nested JSON </span> </span> </a> <nav aria-label="With nested JSON"class=md-nav><ul class=md-nav__list><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#data-recovery> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Data recovery </span> </span> </a></ul></nav></ul></nav><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed"href=#lets-tackle-the-census> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Let's tackle the census </span> </span> </a><li class=md-nav__item><a class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--passed md-nav__link--active"href=#now-what-what-do-we-do-with-this> <span class=md-ellipsis> <span class=md-typeset> Now what ? What do we do with this ? </span> </span> </a></ul></nav></div></div></div><div class="md-content md-content--post"data-md-component=content><div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--post"style="top: 58px;"data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=navigation><div style="height: 769px;"class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap><div class="md-sidebar__inner md-post"><nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary"><div class=md-post__back><div class="md-nav__title md-nav__container"><a class=md-nav__link href=../../../..> <svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"></path></svg> <span class=md-ellipsis> Back to index </span> </a></div></div><div class="md-post__authors md-typeset"><div class="md-profile md-post__profile"><span class="md-author md-author--long"> <img alt="Thomas Szczurek-Gayant"src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/gdal_qgis_blender/photo_id_tsg.png> </span><span class=md-profile__description> <strong> <a href=https://geotribu.fr/team/thomas-szczurek-gayant/ rel=noopener target=_blank>Thomas Szczurek-Gayant</a> </strong> <br> GIS Enthousiast </span></div></div><ul class="md-post__meta md-nav__list"><li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section"><div class=md-post__title><span class=md-ellipsis> Metadata </span></div> <nav class=md-nav><ul class=md-nav__list><li class=md-nav__item><div class=md-nav__link><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M19 19H5V8h14m-3-7v2H8V1H6v2H5c-1.11 0-2 .89-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1V1m-1 11h-5v5h5z"></path></svg><time datetime="2025-03-04 00:00:00+00:00"class=md-ellipsis>March 4, 2025</time></div><li class=md-nav__item><div class=md-nav__link><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M9 3v15h3V3zm3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13zM5 5v13h3V5zM3 19v2h18v-2z"></path></svg><span class=md-ellipsis> in <a href=../../../../category/tutorial/>Tutorial</a></span></div><li class=md-nav__item><div class=md-nav__link><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M12 20a8 8 0 0 0 8-8 8 8 0 0 0-8-8 8 8 0 0 0-8 8 8 8 0 0 0 8 8m0-18a10 10 0 0 1 10 10 10 10 0 0 1-10 10C6.47 22 2 17.5 2 12A10 10 0 0 1 12 2m.5 5v5.25l4.5 2.67-.75 1.23L11 13V7z"></path></svg><span class=md-ellipsis> 15 min read </span></div></ul></nav></ul><ul class="md-post__meta md-nav__list"><li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section"><div class=md-post__title><span class=md-ellipsis> Related links </span></div> <nav class=md-nav><ul class=md-nav__list><li class=md-nav__item><a class=md-nav__link href=https://geotribu.fr/articles/2025/2025-01-21_travailler-avec-JSON-et-PostgreSQL/ rel=noopener target=_blank> <span class=md-ellipsis> Original version (French) </span> </a></ul></nav></ul></nav></div></div></div><article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"><nav class=md-tags><a class="md-tag md-tag-icon"href=../../../../tags/#tag:json>JSON</a><a class="md-tag md-tag-icon md-tag--database"href=../../../../tags/#tag:postgresql>PostgreSQL</a></nav><a class="md-content__button md-icon"title="Edit this page"href=https://github.com/geotribu/english-blog/edit/main/content/posts/2025-03-04_working-with-json-and-postgres.md rel=noopener target=_blank> <svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75z"></path></svg> </a><a class="md-content__button md-icon"title="View source of this page"href=https://github.com/geotribu/english-blog/raw/main/content/posts/2025-03-04_working-with-json-and-postgres.md rel=noopener target=_blank> <svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M12 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3m0 8a5 5 0 0 1-5-5 5 5 0 0 1 5-5 5 5 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 0 0 1-5 5m0-12.5C7 4.5 2.73 7.61 1 12c1.73 4.39 6 7.5 11 7.5s9.27-3.11 11-7.5c-1.73-4.39-6-7.5-11-7.5"></path></svg> </a><h1 id=working-with-json-in-postgresql>Working with JSON in PostgreSQL<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#working-with-json-in-postgresql>#</a></h1><p><a data-title="logo JSON"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/programmation/json.png><img alt="logo JSON"class=img-thumbnail-left src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/programmation/json.png></a><p>As part of a personal project, I wanted to store a large part of the INSEE's french census data in a PostgreSQL database with multi-millennial tables. The problem is that, within the same dataset, the fields can change over the years, which makes it impossible to create a fixed table structure. The solution? Use semi-structured data, i.e. store this data in JSON in a table field. This article is a summary of that experience.<div class="admonition info"><p class=admonition-title>Unscheduled obsolescence<p>This work was carried out before the release of PostgreSQL 17, which adds important features for JSON with <a href=https://doc.postgresql.fr/17/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-TABLE rel=noopener target=_blank><code>JSON_TABLE</code></a>, so it won't be mentioned here.</div><p>Since we're going to be talking about JSON and semi-structured data, I feel obliged to start this article with a warning.<p><strong>The relational model is good, eat it up, and integrity constraints were invented for good reason.</strong><p>This article is not intended to be an invitation to go into YOLO mode on data management: “all you have to do is put everything in JSON” (like a vulgar dev who would put everything in MongoDB, as the bad tongues would say).<h2 id=json-for-beginners>JSON for beginners<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#json-for-beginners>#</a></h2><p>For those of you unfamiliar with <a href=https://www.json.org/json-fr.html rel=noopener target=_blank>JSON</a> it's a text-based data representation format from JavaScript that works in part on a <code>key:value</code> system that can be seen as a sort of evolution of XML.<div class="language-json highlight"><pre id=__code_0><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_0 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-0-1><a href=#__codelineno-0-1 id=__codelineno-0-1 name=__codelineno-0-1></a><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"key_1"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"value"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"key_2"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"value"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"key_3"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"value"</span><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>No need for quotation marks for numbers:<div class="language-json highlight"><pre id=__code_1><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_1 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-1-1><a href=#__codelineno-1-1 id=__codelineno-1-1 name=__codelineno-1-1></a><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"nb_mushrooms"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"nb_tomatoes"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>31</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"first_name"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"roger"</span><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>Values can take two forms:<ul><li>either a single value, as in the example above,<li>or an array, a list, enclosed in <code>[]</code>, both of which can be combined in a single JSON object.</ul><div class="language-json highlight"><pre id=__code_2><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_2 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-2-1><a href=#__codelineno-2-1 id=__codelineno-2-1 name=__codelineno-2-1></a><span class=p>{</span><span class=nt>"prenoms"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span><span class=s2>"elodie"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"roger"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"fatima"</span><span class=p>],</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"nb_mushrooms"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>What we call an object is everything between the <code>{}</code> used to declare it. To make things even more complex, we can nest objects and give you an example that's a little more meaningful than talking about tomatoes and mushrooms:<div class="language-json highlight"><table class=highlighttable><tbody><tr><th class=filename colspan=2><span class=filename>Example with JSON of superheroes</span><tr><td class=linenos><div class=linenodiv><pre><span></span><span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-1> 1</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-2> 2</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-3> 3</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-4> 4</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-5> 5</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-6> 6</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-7> 7</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-8> 8</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-9> 9</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-10>10</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-11>11</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-12>12</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-13>13</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-14>14</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-15>15</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-16>16</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-17>17</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-18>18</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-19>19</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-20>20</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-21>21</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-22>22</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-23>23</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-24>24</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-25>25</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-26>26</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-27>27</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-28>28</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-29>29</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-30>30</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-31>31</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-32>32</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-33>33</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-34>34</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-35>35</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-36>36</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-37>37</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-38>38</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-39>39</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-40>40</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-3-41>41</a></span></pre></div><td class=code><div><pre id=__code_3><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_3 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-3-1><a id=__codelineno-3-1 name=__codelineno-3-1></a><span class=p>{</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-2><a id=__codelineno-3-2 name=__codelineno-3-2></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"squadName"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Super hero squad"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-3><a id=__codelineno-3-3 name=__codelineno-3-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"homeTown"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Metro City"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-4><a id=__codelineno-3-4 name=__codelineno-3-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"formed"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2016</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-5><a id=__codelineno-3-5 name=__codelineno-3-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"secretBase"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Super tower"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-6><a id=__codelineno-3-6 name=__codelineno-3-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"active"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kc>true</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-7><a id=__codelineno-3-7 name=__codelineno-3-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"members"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-8><a id=__codelineno-3-8 name=__codelineno-3-8></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-9><a id=__codelineno-3-9 name=__codelineno-3-9></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"name"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Molecule Man"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-10><a id=__codelineno-3-10 name=__codelineno-3-10></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"age"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>29</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-11><a id=__codelineno-3-11 name=__codelineno-3-11></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"secretIdentity"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Dan Jukes"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-12><a id=__codelineno-3-12 name=__codelineno-3-12></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"powers"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-13><a id=__codelineno-3-13 name=__codelineno-3-13></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Radiation resistance"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-14><a id=__codelineno-3-14 name=__codelineno-3-14></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Turning tiny"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-15><a id=__codelineno-3-15 name=__codelineno-3-15></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Radiation blast"</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-16><a id=__codelineno-3-16 name=__codelineno-3-16></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>]</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-17><a id=__codelineno-3-17 name=__codelineno-3-17></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>},</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-18><a id=__codelineno-3-18 name=__codelineno-3-18></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-19><a id=__codelineno-3-19 name=__codelineno-3-19></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"name"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Madame Uppercut"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-20><a id=__codelineno-3-20 name=__codelineno-3-20></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"age"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>39</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-21><a id=__codelineno-3-21 name=__codelineno-3-21></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"secretIdentity"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Jane Wilson"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-22><a id=__codelineno-3-22 name=__codelineno-3-22></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"powers"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-23><a id=__codelineno-3-23 name=__codelineno-3-23></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Million tonne punch"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-24><a id=__codelineno-3-24 name=__codelineno-3-24></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Damage resistance"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-25><a id=__codelineno-3-25 name=__codelineno-3-25></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Superhuman reflexes"</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-26><a id=__codelineno-3-26 name=__codelineno-3-26></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>]</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-27><a id=__codelineno-3-27 name=__codelineno-3-27></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>},</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-28><a id=__codelineno-3-28 name=__codelineno-3-28></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-29><a id=__codelineno-3-29 name=__codelineno-3-29></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"name"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Eternal Flame"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-30><a id=__codelineno-3-30 name=__codelineno-3-30></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"age"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1000000</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-31><a id=__codelineno-3-31 name=__codelineno-3-31></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"secretIdentity"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Unknown"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-32><a id=__codelineno-3-32 name=__codelineno-3-32></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"powers"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>[</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-33><a id=__codelineno-3-33 name=__codelineno-3-33></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Immortality"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-34><a id=__codelineno-3-34 name=__codelineno-3-34></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Heat Immunity"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-35><a id=__codelineno-3-35 name=__codelineno-3-35></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Inferno"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-36><a id=__codelineno-3-36 name=__codelineno-3-36></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Teleportation"</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-37><a id=__codelineno-3-37 name=__codelineno-3-37></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Interdimensional travel"</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-38><a id=__codelineno-3-38 name=__codelineno-3-38></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>]</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-39><a id=__codelineno-3-39 name=__codelineno-3-39></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-40><a id=__codelineno-3-40 name=__codelineno-3-40></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>]</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-3-41><a id=__codelineno-3-41 name=__codelineno-3-41></a><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div></table></div><p>An example from the <a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON rel=noopener target=_blank>Mozilla</a> site, which will give you a better idea. You can also consult the <a href=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_Object_Notation rel=noopener target=_blank>wikipedia</a> article or <a href=https://www.json.org/json-en.html rel=noopener target=_blank>the infamous specification site</a>.<h2 id=postgresqls-json-types>PostgreSQL's json types<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#postgresqls-json-types>#</a></h2><p>PostgreSQL is able to store data/objects in json format in fields that are assigned a dedicated type. There are two types, because otherwise it wouldn't be any fun.<ul><li><p>The <code>json</code> type is there for historical reasons, to allow databases that used this type in the past to function. It stores information in text form, which is not optimized for a computer. There is, however, an advantage to using it: it allows you to retrieve information on key order. If it's important for you to know that <code>name</code> is key 1 and <code>firstname</code> is key 2, without having to go through the key name again, then you'll need to use the <code>json</code> type.</p><li><p>the <code>jsonb</code> type. The modern type. It stores information in binary form and offers a lot of functions in addition to those of the <code>json</code> type.</p></ul><h2 id=indexes>Indexes<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#indexes>#</a></h2><p><a data-title="icône index"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/divers/index_pointeur.webp><img alt="icône index"class=img-thumbnail-left src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/divers/index_pointeur.webp></a><p>It is possible to index a <code>json</code> / <code>jsonb</code> field on its <strong>first-level</strong> keys, and this is done with <a href=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/gin.html rel=noopener target=_blank><code>GIN</code></a> type indexes:<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_4><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_4 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-4-1><a href=#__codelineno-4-1 id=__codelineno-4-1 name=__codelineno-4-1></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INDEX</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>idx_tb_jsonfield</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tb</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>USING</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>gin</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>jsonfiled</span><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>To index “deeper” values, you'll need to use functional indexes, indexes on functions:<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_5><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_5 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-5-1><a href=#__codelineno-5-1 id=__codelineno-5-1 name=__codelineno-5-1></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INDEX</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>idx_tb_jsonfield</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tb</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>USING</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>gin</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>jsonfield</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>-></span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>key_to_locate_values_to_be_index</span><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>We'll explain this <code>-></code> later.<p>For the adventurous, there's a PostgreSQL extension called <code>btree_gin</code> that allows you to create multi-field indexes mixing classic and <code>json</code> fields. It's available natively when you install PostgreSQL, and won't require you to become a C/C++ developer⸱se to install it (hello parquet FDW ! How's it going over there?).<h2 id=table-creation>Table creation<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#table-creation>#</a></h2><p>I'm not going to spam you with Data Definition Language (<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_definition_language rel=noopener target=_blank>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_definition_language</a>), but you can find the complete database schema <a href=https://gitlab.com/Thomas_szczurek_gayant/bd_insee/-/tree/main/sql/creation_tables?ref_type=heads rel=noopener target=_blank>here</a>.<p>However, here's a brief diagram to help you understand the rest of the article:<p><a data-title="Database model diagram"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/modele.png><img alt="Database model diagram"class=img-center loading=lazy src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/modele.png></a><p>*<em>Don't worry about the stacked tables on the right, they're partitions of the <code>donnees_communes</code> table. We won't go into them here, and they're only needed for the example</em>.<p>Starting from a schema named <code>insee</code>, we'll create two tables:<ul><li>the first will contain the list of available <em>bases</em>, the various census components ;<li>the second will store the data.</ul><p>To keep the focus on JSON, we'll spare ourselves 95% of the underlying model. So we won't be handling commune codes, etc. :<div class="language-sql highlight"><table class=highlighttable><tbody><tr><th class=filename colspan=2><span class=filename>Table creation Script</span><tr><td class=linenos><div class=linenodiv><pre><span></span><span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-1> 1</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-2> 2</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-3> 3</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-4> 4</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-5> 5</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-6> 6</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-7> 7</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-8> 8</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-9> 9</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-10>10</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-11>11</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-12>12</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-13>13</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-14>14</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-15>15</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-16>16</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-17>17</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-18>18</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-19>19</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-20>20</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-21>21</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-22>22</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-23>23</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-6-24>24</a></span></pre></div><td class=code><div><pre id=__code_6><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_6 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-6-1><a id=__codelineno-6-1 name=__codelineno-6-1></a><span class=k>BEGIN</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-2><a id=__codelineno-6-2 name=__codelineno-6-2></a><span class=c1>-- table listing the various Insee databases available</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-3><a id=__codelineno-6-3 name=__codelineno-6-3></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-4><a id=__codelineno-6-4 name=__codelineno-6-4></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>TABLE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>bases</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-5><a id=__codelineno-6-5 name=__codelineno-6-5></a><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>int2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>PRIMARY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>KEY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>GENERATED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>BY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>DEFAULT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>IDENTITY</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-6><a id=__codelineno-6-6 name=__codelineno-6-6></a><span class=n>nom</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>text</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-7><a id=__codelineno-6-7 name=__codelineno-6-7></a><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-8><a id=__codelineno-6-8 name=__codelineno-6-8></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-9><a id=__codelineno-6-9 name=__codelineno-6-9></a><span class=c1>-- table storing data by municipalities</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-10><a id=__codelineno-6-10 name=__codelineno-6-10></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-11><a id=__codelineno-6-11 name=__codelineno-6-11></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>TABLE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-12><a id=__codelineno-6-12 name=__codelineno-6-12></a><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>int4</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>PRIMARY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>KEY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>GENERATED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>BY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>DEFAULT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>IDENTITY</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-13><a id=__codelineno-6-13 name=__codelineno-6-13></a><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>text</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>CHECK</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>length</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>5</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>-- let's not forget the Corsicans who have municipalities codes in 2A and 2B, hence the text type</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-14><a id=__codelineno-6-14 name=__codelineno-6-14></a><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>int2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-15><a id=__codelineno-6-15 name=__codelineno-6-15></a><span class=n>annee</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>int2</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-16><a id=__codelineno-6-16 name=__codelineno-6-16></a><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-17><a id=__codelineno-6-17 name=__codelineno-6-17></a><span class=k>UNIQUE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-18><a id=__codelineno-6-18 name=__codelineno-6-18></a><span class=k>CONSTRAINT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_donnees_bases</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FOREIGN</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>KEY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>bases</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>UPDATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>CASCADE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>DELETE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>CASCADE</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-19><a id=__codelineno-6-19 name=__codelineno-6-19></a><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-20><a id=__codelineno-6-20 name=__codelineno-6-20></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-21><a id=__codelineno-6-21 name=__codelineno-6-21></a><span class=c1>-- Index creation</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-22><a id=__codelineno-6-22 name=__codelineno-6-22></a><span class=c1>-- A multi-field index is already automatically created on (fk_base, annee, code_commune) thanks to the UNIQUE clause in the table declaration.</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-23><a id=__codelineno-6-23 name=__codelineno-6-23></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INDEX</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>idx_donnees_com_donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>USING</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>gin</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-6-24><a id=__codelineno-6-24 name=__codelineno-6-24></a><span class=k>END</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div></table></div><p>The most fussy of you DBAs will have noticed this <code>CHECK</code>. “Why doesn't he use varchar(5)? It really doesn't make sense!” Quite simply, because this form allows you to use a text type with <strong>really</strong> arbitrary numbers of characters (the <code>text</code> type) unlike varchar(255), while being able to control the minimum and maximum number with the <code>CHECK</code> predicate (unlike varchar which only controls the maximum) as explained on the [Postgres wiki].(<a href=https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Don%27t_Do_This#Don.27t_use_varchar.28n.29_by_default rel=noopener target=_blank>https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Don%27t_Do_This#Don.27t_use_varchar.28n.29_by_default</a>).<p>And we insert a few rows in our insee.bases table :<div class="language-sql highlight"><table class=highlighttable><tbody><tr><th class=filename colspan=2><span class=filename>SQL script for data insertion</span><tr><td class=linenos><div class=linenodiv><pre><span></span><span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-1>1</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-2>2</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-3>3</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-4>4</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-5>5</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-6>6</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-7-7>7</a></span></pre></div><td class=code><div><pre id=__code_7><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_7 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-7-1><a id=__codelineno-7-1 name=__codelineno-7-1></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>bases</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>nom</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VALUES</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-2><a id=__codelineno-7-2 name=__codelineno-7-2></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_population'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-3><a id=__codelineno-7-3 name=__codelineno-7-3></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_menages'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-4><a id=__codelineno-7-4 name=__codelineno-7-4></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_logement'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-5><a id=__codelineno-7-5 name=__codelineno-7-5></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_diplomes'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-6><a id=__codelineno-7-6 name=__codelineno-7-6></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_activite'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-7-7><a id=__codelineno-7-7 name=__codelineno-7-7></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'rp_emploi'</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div></table></div><h2 id=data-insertion-and-retrieval>Data insertion and retrieval<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#data-insertion-and-retrieval>#</a></h2><p>To pass text/SQL data to JSON-encoded data in the appropriate dedicated field, PostgreSQL has <a href=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-json.html rel=noopener target=_blank><em>some</em> functions</a>. We're going to use the <code>jsonb_object()</code> function, which transforms a sql <code>array</code> in the form <code>key1, value1, key2, value2 ....</code> into a <code>jsonb</code> object with only one nesting level. Other functions are available for more complex objects (such as <code>jsonb_build_object()</code>).<h3 id=simple-example>Simple example<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#simple-example>#</a></h3><p>We'll create a text string containing the contents of our json, whose values will be separated by commas <code>key1, value1, key2, value2</code>. This string will be passed to a <code>string_to_array()</code> function, transforming it into an <code>array</code> with <code>,</code> as separator to separate the elements of the text string into list elements, a character passed as the function's second parameter. This <code>array</code> will then be sent to the <code>jsonb_object()</code> function.<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_8><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_8 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-8-1><a href=#__codelineno-8-1 id=__codelineno-8-1 name=__codelineno-8-1></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VALUES</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-2><a href=#__codelineno-8-2 id=__codelineno-8-2 name=__codelineno-8-2></a><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-3><a href=#__codelineno-8-3 id=__codelineno-8-3 name=__codelineno-8-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'99999'</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-4><a href=#__codelineno-8-4 id=__codelineno-8-4 name=__codelineno-8-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2024</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-5><a href=#__codelineno-8-5 id=__codelineno-8-5 name=__codelineno-8-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-6><a href=#__codelineno-8-6 id=__codelineno-8-6 name=__codelineno-8-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb_object</span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-7><a href=#__codelineno-8-7 id=__codelineno-8-7 name=__codelineno-8-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>string_to_array</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'tomatoes,42,melons,12'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>','</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-8><a href=#__codelineno-8-8 id=__codelineno-8-8 name=__codelineno-8-8></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-8-9><a href=#__codelineno-8-9 id=__codelineno-8-9 name=__codelineno-8-9></a><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>This request will encode this json object in the <code>data</code> field:<div class="language-json highlight"><pre id=__code_9><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_9 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-9-1><a href=#__codelineno-9-1 id=__codelineno-9-1 name=__codelineno-9-1></a><span class=p>{</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-9-2><a href=#__codelineno-9-2 id=__codelineno-9-2 name=__codelineno-9-2></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"tomatoes"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>42</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-9-3><a href=#__codelineno-9-3 id=__codelineno-9-3 name=__codelineno-9-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=nt>"melons"</span><span class=p>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>12</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-9-4><a href=#__codelineno-9-4 id=__codelineno-9-4 name=__codelineno-9-4></a><span class=p>}</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>Now how do we get our number of melons for the municipalitie code 99999 in 2024? This is done using special operators:<ul><li><code>jsonb_field -> 'key'</code> retrieves the value of a key while preserving its json type<li><code>jsonb_field ->> 'key'</code> does the same, transforming the value into a “classic” sql type</ul><div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_10><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_10 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-10-1><a href=#__codelineno-10-1 id=__codelineno-10-1 name=__codelineno-10-1></a><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-2><a href=#__codelineno-10-2 id=__codelineno-10-2 name=__codelineno-10-2></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>->></span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'melons'</span><span class=p>)::</span><span class=n>int4</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>nb_melons</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-3><a href=#__codelineno-10-3 id=__codelineno-10-3 name=__codelineno-10-3></a><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-4><a href=#__codelineno-10-4 id=__codelineno-10-4 name=__codelineno-10-4></a><span class=k>WHERE</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-5><a href=#__codelineno-10-5 id=__codelineno-10-5 name=__codelineno-10-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>?</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'melons'</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-6><a href=#__codelineno-10-6 id=__codelineno-10-6 name=__codelineno-10-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AND</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'99999'</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-10-7><a href=#__codelineno-10-7 id=__codelineno-10-7 name=__codelineno-10-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AND</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2024</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>You can see that I'm using the <code>?</code> operator, which is only valid for <code>jsonb</code> fields and not for simple <code>json</code> fields. This is because, when a json/jsonb field is queried, all the records in the table are returned, even those that don't contain the key. So if your table contains 100,000 records, but only 100 contain the key “melons”, not specifying this WHERE clause would return 100,000 rows, 99,900 of which would be <code>NULL</code>.<code>?</code> is a json operator used to ask the question “Is the key present at the first level of the json field for this record?”, and we'd only get our 100 records containing the key “melons”.<p>If you're still here, I assume you already know this. However, the form <code>(something)::(type)</code> is a PostgreSQL shortcut for making a <code>cast</code>, i.e. converting a value into another type. With <code>->></code> the value is returned to us as text and we convert it into an integer.<h3 id=with-nested-json>With nested JSON<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#with-nested-json>#</a></h3><p>Well, he's a nice guy, but his JSON is still JSON where everything is on the first level. Well, for my needs, that was enough. But I'm not going to run away from my responsibilities and we'll see how it goes with more complex JSON.<br> I'll use the example from the previous section to make things more complex after this aside.<p>To inject complex json into a field, we have two solutions: nesting dedicated functions, or castering a text string. Let's imagine a “test” table, in a “test” schema, with a <code>jsonb</code> field named “donnees”.<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_11><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_11 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-11-1><a href=#__codelineno-11-1 id=__codelineno-11-1 name=__codelineno-11-1></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>test</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>test</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VALUES</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-2><a href=#__codelineno-11-2 id=__codelineno-11-2 name=__codelineno-11-2></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>jsonb_object</span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-3><a href=#__codelineno-11-3 id=__codelineno-11-3 name=__codelineno-11-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'key1'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'value1'</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-4><a href=#__codelineno-11-4 id=__codelineno-11-4 name=__codelineno-11-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'key2'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb_array</span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-5><a href=#__codelineno-11-5 id=__codelineno-11-5 name=__codelineno-11-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'foo'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'bar'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'baz'</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-6><a href=#__codelineno-11-6 id=__codelineno-11-6 name=__codelineno-11-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-11-7><a href=#__codelineno-11-7 id=__codelineno-11-7 name=__codelineno-11-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>This insertion could just as easily be written as a cast from a text string to jsonb. Please note that the json syntax must be respected here:<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_12><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_12 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-12-1><a href=#__codelineno-12-1 id=__codelineno-12-1 name=__codelineno-12-1></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>test</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>test</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VALUES</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-12-2><a href=#__codelineno-12-2 id=__codelineno-12-2 name=__codelineno-12-2></a><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'{"key1": "value1", "key2": ["foo", "bar", "baz"]}'</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=n>jsonb</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><h4 id=data-recovery>Data recovery<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#data-recovery>#</a></h4><p>To retrieve a value, we use the <code>jsonb_path_query()</code> function, which has two parameters: <code>the name of the field</code> containing the json data, and the <code>json_path</code> to the value to be retrieved. Let's imagine we want to retrieve the second value in the list contained in “key2” :<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_13><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_13 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-13-1><a href=#__codelineno-13-1 id=__codelineno-13-1 name=__codelineno-13-1></a><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-13-2><a href=#__codelineno-13-2 id=__codelineno-13-2 name=__codelineno-13-2></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb_path_query</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'$.cle2[1]'</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-13-3><a href=#__codelineno-13-3 id=__codelineno-13-3 name=__codelineno-13-3></a><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>test</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>test</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>The <code>$</code> indicates the start of the returned json path. We follow this first symbol with a dot to move on to the next object. Then, by the next key name and so on up to the searched key, to which we paste a <code>[1]</code> for the 2ᵉ value in the list (values start at 0). For more information on <code>json_path</code>, please refer to the <a href=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-SQLJSON-PATH rel=noopener target=_blank>documentation</a>.<h2 id=lets-tackle-the-census>Let's tackle the census<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#lets-tackle-the-census>#</a></h2><p><a data-title="logo INSEE"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/entreprises_association/INSEE.svg><img alt="logo INSEE"class=img-thumbnail-left src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/logos-icones/entreprises_association/INSEE.svg></a><p>Well, now that we've tried to explain the concepts as best we can with simple examples, because we've got to start somewhere, let's try something a little more voluminous.<p>Let's retrieve the latest population data from the municipal census <a href=https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/8183122 rel=noopener target=_blank>in csv format from the Insee website</a> (you'll want the bases for the main indicators, sorry page not available in english). For this example, we'll use the “Evolution et structure de la population” file. First, clean up the field names. Insee systematically indicates the year in its field names, which means that they change every year for the same indicator.<p>All field names begin with P or C, indicating <em>main survey</em> (raw answers to census questions) or <em>complementary survey</em> (cross-referencing of answers to establish an indicator). Fields from the main survey and those from the complementary survey must not be cross-referenced. This information should obviously be kept, but for personal reasons, I prefer to put it at the end of the name rather than at the beginning. In this way, we move from normalized fields such as <code>P18_POP</code> to a normalization of this type <code>POP_P</code>.<p>You'll find <a href=https://gitlab.com/Thomas_szczurek_gayant/bd_insee/-/blob/main/sql/import/correction_champs_insee.xlsx?ref_type=heads rel=noopener target=_blank>here</a> a spreadsheet to take care of all this.<p>Before inserting the data into our table, we'll go through a temporary table to make the data accessible in Postgres. Using Postgresql's <code>COPY</code> would be tedious, as you'd have to specify the hundred or so fields contained in the census population section of the command. And I'm not ashamed to say that I've got a baobab in my hand at the thought. So we pull out this wonderful software called QGIS. We activate the Explorer and Explorer2 panels. We create a connection to the database with creation rights, and with a graceful flick of the wrist, we drag the file from the Explorer panel to the Postgres database in Explorer2. Let the magic happen.<p>Now, get ready for perhaps one of the weirdest INSERTs of your life (at least, it was for me!). Ugh. I realize that if I wanted to do this right, I'd also have to explain <a href=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-with.html rel=noopener target=_blank>CTE</a>. But I'll let you click on the link so as not to make it too long.<p>We're going to use the CTE to concatenate the name we want to give to our keys with the values contained in our temporary table in a string separated by <code>,</code>. We'll send it to a <code>string_to_array()</code> function and then to a <code>jsonb_object()</code> function. We'll also take the opportunity to clean up any tabs or carriage returns that might remain with a regular expression, using the <code>regex_replace()</code> function. (These characters are called <code>\t</code>,<code>\n</code>and <code>\r</code>). The latter function takes 3 arguments: the source string, the searched-for <code>pattern</code> and the replacement text. The optional <code>g</code> flag* is added to replace all occurrences found.<p>Note that if your temporary table has a name other than “rp_population_import”, you'll need to modify the FROM clause in the CTE.<div class="language-sql highlight"><table class=highlighttable><tbody><tr><th class=filename colspan=2><span class=filename>The weirdest INSERT of your life (with a CTE)</span><tr><td class=linenos><div class=linenodiv><pre><span></span><span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-1> 1</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-2> 2</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-3> 3</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-4> 4</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-5> 5</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-6> 6</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-7> 7</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-8> 8</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-9> 9</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-10> 10</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-11> 11</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-12> 12</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-13> 13</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-14> 14</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-15> 15</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-16> 16</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-17> 17</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-18> 18</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-19> 19</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-20> 20</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-21> 21</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-22> 22</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-23> 23</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-24> 24</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-25> 25</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-26> 26</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-27> 27</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-28> 28</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-29> 29</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-30> 30</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-31> 31</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-32> 32</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-33> 33</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-34> 34</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-35> 35</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-36> 36</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-37> 37</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-38> 38</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-39> 39</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-40> 40</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-41> 41</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-42> 42</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-43> 43</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-44> 44</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-45> 45</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-46> 46</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-47> 47</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-48> 48</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-49> 49</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-50> 50</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-51> 51</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-52> 52</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-53> 53</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-54> 54</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-55> 55</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-56> 56</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-57> 57</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-58> 58</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-59> 59</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-60> 60</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-61> 61</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-62> 62</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-63> 63</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-64> 64</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-65> 65</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-66> 66</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-67> 67</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-68> 68</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-69> 69</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-70> 70</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-71> 71</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-72> 72</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-73> 73</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-74> 74</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-75> 75</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-76> 76</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-77> 77</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-78> 78</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-79> 79</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-80> 80</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-81> 81</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-82> 82</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-83> 83</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-84> 84</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-85> 85</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-86> 86</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-87> 87</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-88> 88</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-89> 89</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-90> 90</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-91> 91</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-92> 92</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-93> 93</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-94> 94</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-95> 95</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-96> 96</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-97> 97</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-98> 98</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-99> 99</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-100>100</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-101>101</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-102>102</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-103>103</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-104>104</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-105>105</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-106>106</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-107>107</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-108>108</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-109>109</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-110>110</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-111>111</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-112>112</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-113>113</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-114>114</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-115>115</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-116>116</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-117>117</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-118>118</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-119>119</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-120>120</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-14-121>121</a></span></pre></div><td class=code><div><pre id=__code_14><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_14 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-14-1><a id=__codelineno-14-1 name=__codelineno-14-1></a><span class=c1>-- cte cte concatenating data with keys and cleaning up special characters.</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-2><a id=__codelineno-14-2 name=__codelineno-14-2></a><span class=k>WITH</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-3><a id=__codelineno-14-3 name=__codelineno-14-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-4><a id=__codelineno-14-4 name=__codelineno-14-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>CODGEO</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-5><a id=__codelineno-14-5 name=__codelineno-14-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>regexp_replace</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'pop_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-6><a id=__codelineno-14-6 name=__codelineno-14-6></a><span class=s1> pop_0_14_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP0014_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-7><a id=__codelineno-14-7 name=__codelineno-14-7></a><span class=s1> pop_15_29_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1529_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-8><a id=__codelineno-14-8 name=__codelineno-14-8></a><span class=s1> pop_30_44_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP3044_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-9><a id=__codelineno-14-9 name=__codelineno-14-9></a><span class=s1> pop_45_59_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP4559_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-10><a id=__codelineno-14-10 name=__codelineno-14-10></a><span class=s1> pop_60_74_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP6074_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-11><a id=__codelineno-14-11 name=__codelineno-14-11></a><span class=s1> pop_75_89_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP7589_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-12><a id=__codelineno-14-12 name=__codelineno-14-12></a><span class=s1> pop_90_ans_plus_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP90P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-13><a id=__codelineno-14-13 name=__codelineno-14-13></a><span class=s1> hommes_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POPH_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-14><a id=__codelineno-14-14 name=__codelineno-14-14></a><span class=s1> hommes_0_14_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H0014_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-15><a id=__codelineno-14-15 name=__codelineno-14-15></a><span class=s1> hommes_15_29_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H1529_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-16><a id=__codelineno-14-16 name=__codelineno-14-16></a><span class=s1> hommes_30_44_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H3044_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-17><a id=__codelineno-14-17 name=__codelineno-14-17></a><span class=s1> hommes_45_59_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H4559_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-18><a id=__codelineno-14-18 name=__codelineno-14-18></a><span class=s1> hommes_60_74_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H6074_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-19><a id=__codelineno-14-19 name=__codelineno-14-19></a><span class=s1> hommes_75_89_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H7589_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-20><a id=__codelineno-14-20 name=__codelineno-14-20></a><span class=s1> hommes_90_ans_plus_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H90P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-21><a id=__codelineno-14-21 name=__codelineno-14-21></a><span class=s1> hommes_0_19_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H0019_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-22><a id=__codelineno-14-22 name=__codelineno-14-22></a><span class=s1> hommes_20_64_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H2064_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-23><a id=__codelineno-14-23 name=__codelineno-14-23></a><span class=s1> hommes_65_ans_plus_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H65P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-24><a id=__codelineno-14-24 name=__codelineno-14-24></a><span class=s1> femmes_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POPF_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-25><a id=__codelineno-14-25 name=__codelineno-14-25></a><span class=s1> femmes_0_14_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F0014_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-26><a id=__codelineno-14-26 name=__codelineno-14-26></a><span class=s1> femmes_15_29_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F1529_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-27><a id=__codelineno-14-27 name=__codelineno-14-27></a><span class=s1> femmes_30_44_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F3044_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-28><a id=__codelineno-14-28 name=__codelineno-14-28></a><span class=s1> femmes_45_59_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F4559_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-29><a id=__codelineno-14-29 name=__codelineno-14-29></a><span class=s1> femmes_60_74_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F6074_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-30><a id=__codelineno-14-30 name=__codelineno-14-30></a><span class=s1> femmes_75_89_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F7589_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-31><a id=__codelineno-14-31 name=__codelineno-14-31></a><span class=s1> femmes_90_ans_plus_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F90P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-32><a id=__codelineno-14-32 name=__codelineno-14-32></a><span class=s1> femmes_0_19_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F0019_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-33><a id=__codelineno-14-33 name=__codelineno-14-33></a><span class=s1> femmes_20_64_ans_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F2064_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-34><a id=__codelineno-14-34 name=__codelineno-14-34></a><span class=s1> femmes_65_ans_plus_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F65P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-35><a id=__codelineno-14-35 name=__codelineno-14-35></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_localisee_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-36><a id=__codelineno-14-36 name=__codelineno-14-36></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_meme_logement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN1_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-37><a id=__codelineno-14-37 name=__codelineno-14-37></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_meme_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN2_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-38><a id=__codelineno-14-38 name=__codelineno-14-38></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_meme_departement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN3_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-39><a id=__codelineno-14-39 name=__codelineno-14-39></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_meme_region_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN4_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-40><a id=__codelineno-14-40 name=__codelineno-14-40></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_autre_region_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN5_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-41><a id=__codelineno-14-41 name=__codelineno-14-41></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_un_dom_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN6_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-42><a id=__codelineno-14-42 name=__codelineno-14-42></a><span class=s1> pop_1an_ou_plus_hors_metropole_ou_dom_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP01P_IRAN7_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-43><a id=__codelineno-14-43 name=__codelineno-14-43></a><span class=s1> pop_1_14ans_autre_logement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP0114_IRAN2P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-44><a id=__codelineno-14-44 name=__codelineno-14-44></a><span class=s1> pop_1_14ans_meme_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP0114_IRAN2_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-45><a id=__codelineno-14-45 name=__codelineno-14-45></a><span class=s1> pop_1_14ans_autre_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP0114_IRAN3P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-46><a id=__codelineno-14-46 name=__codelineno-14-46></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24ans_autre_logement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_IRAN2P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-47><a id=__codelineno-14-47 name=__codelineno-14-47></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24ans_meme_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_IRAN2_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-48><a id=__codelineno-14-48 name=__codelineno-14-48></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24ans_autre_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_IRAN3P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-49><a id=__codelineno-14-49 name=__codelineno-14-49></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54ans_autre_logement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_IRAN2P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-50><a id=__codelineno-14-50 name=__codelineno-14-50></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54ans_meme_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_IRAN2_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-51><a id=__codelineno-14-51 name=__codelineno-14-51></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54ans_autre_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_IRAN3P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-52><a id=__codelineno-14-52 name=__codelineno-14-52></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ou_plus_autre_logement_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_IRAN2P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-53><a id=__codelineno-14-53 name=__codelineno-14-53></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ou_plus_meme_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_IRAN2_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-54><a id=__codelineno-14-54 name=__codelineno-14-54></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ou_plus_autre_commune_1an_auparavant_p,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_IRAN3P_P</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-55><a id=__codelineno-14-55 name=__codelineno-14-55></a><span class=s1> pop_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-56><a id=__codelineno-14-56 name=__codelineno-14-56></a><span class=s1> agriculteurs_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-57><a id=__codelineno-14-57 name=__codelineno-14-57></a><span class=s1> artisants_commercants_chefs_entreprise_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-58><a id=__codelineno-14-58 name=__codelineno-14-58></a><span class=s1> cadres_prof_intel_sup_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-59><a id=__codelineno-14-59 name=__codelineno-14-59></a><span class=s1> professions_intermediaires_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-60><a id=__codelineno-14-60 name=__codelineno-14-60></a><span class=s1> employes_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-61><a id=__codelineno-14-61 name=__codelineno-14-61></a><span class=s1> ouvriers_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-62><a id=__codelineno-14-62 name=__codelineno-14-62></a><span class=s1> retraites_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-63><a id=__codelineno-14-63 name=__codelineno-14-63></a><span class=s1> autres_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP15P_CS8_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-64><a id=__codelineno-14-64 name=__codelineno-14-64></a><span class=s1> hommes_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-65><a id=__codelineno-14-65 name=__codelineno-14-65></a><span class=s1> h_agriculteurs_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-66><a id=__codelineno-14-66 name=__codelineno-14-66></a><span class=s1> h_artisants_commercants_chefs_entreprise_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-67><a id=__codelineno-14-67 name=__codelineno-14-67></a><span class=s1> h_cadres_prof_intel_sup_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-68><a id=__codelineno-14-68 name=__codelineno-14-68></a><span class=s1> h_professions_intermediaires_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-69><a id=__codelineno-14-69 name=__codelineno-14-69></a><span class=s1> h_employes_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-70><a id=__codelineno-14-70 name=__codelineno-14-70></a><span class=s1> h_ouvriers_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-71><a id=__codelineno-14-71 name=__codelineno-14-71></a><span class=s1> h_retraites_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-72><a id=__codelineno-14-72 name=__codelineno-14-72></a><span class=s1> h_autres_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>H15P_CS8_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-73><a id=__codelineno-14-73 name=__codelineno-14-73></a><span class=s1> femmes_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-74><a id=__codelineno-14-74 name=__codelineno-14-74></a><span class=s1> f_agricultrices_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-75><a id=__codelineno-14-75 name=__codelineno-14-75></a><span class=s1> f_artisanes_commercantes_cheffes_entreprise_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-76><a id=__codelineno-14-76 name=__codelineno-14-76></a><span class=s1> f_cadres_prof_intel_sup_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-77><a id=__codelineno-14-77 name=__codelineno-14-77></a><span class=s1> f_professions_intermediaires_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-78><a id=__codelineno-14-78 name=__codelineno-14-78></a><span class=s1> f_employees_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-79><a id=__codelineno-14-79 name=__codelineno-14-79></a><span class=s1> f_ouvrieres_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-80><a id=__codelineno-14-80 name=__codelineno-14-80></a><span class=s1> f_retraitees_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-81><a id=__codelineno-14-81 name=__codelineno-14-81></a><span class=s1> f_autres_15_ans_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>F15P_CS8_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-82><a id=__codelineno-14-82 name=__codelineno-14-82></a><span class=s1> population_15_24_ans_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-83><a id=__codelineno-14-83 name=__codelineno-14-83></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_agriculteurs_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-84><a id=__codelineno-14-84 name=__codelineno-14-84></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_artisants_commercants_chefs_entreprise_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-85><a id=__codelineno-14-85 name=__codelineno-14-85></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_cadres_prof_intel_sup_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-86><a id=__codelineno-14-86 name=__codelineno-14-86></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_professions_intermediaires_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-87><a id=__codelineno-14-87 name=__codelineno-14-87></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_employes_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-88><a id=__codelineno-14-88 name=__codelineno-14-88></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_ouvriers_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-89><a id=__codelineno-14-89 name=__codelineno-14-89></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_retraites_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-90><a id=__codelineno-14-90 name=__codelineno-14-90></a><span class=s1> pop_15_24_ans_autres_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP1524_CS8_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-91><a id=__codelineno-14-91 name=__codelineno-14-91></a><span class=s1> population_25_54_ans_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-92><a id=__codelineno-14-92 name=__codelineno-14-92></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_agriculteurs_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-93><a id=__codelineno-14-93 name=__codelineno-14-93></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_artisants_commercants_chefs_entreprise_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-94><a id=__codelineno-14-94 name=__codelineno-14-94></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_cadres_prof_intel_sup_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-95><a id=__codelineno-14-95 name=__codelineno-14-95></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_professions_intermediaires_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-96><a id=__codelineno-14-96 name=__codelineno-14-96></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_employes_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-97><a id=__codelineno-14-97 name=__codelineno-14-97></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_ouvriers_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-98><a id=__codelineno-14-98 name=__codelineno-14-98></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_retraites_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP2554_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-99><a id=__codelineno-14-99 name=__codelineno-14-99></a><span class=s1> pop_25_54_ans_autres_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP554_CS8_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-100><a id=__codelineno-14-100 name=__codelineno-14-100></a><span class=s1> population_55_ans_et_plus_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-101><a id=__codelineno-14-101 name=__codelineno-14-101></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_agriculteurs_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS1_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-102><a id=__codelineno-14-102 name=__codelineno-14-102></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_artisants_commercants_chefs_entreprise_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS2_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-103><a id=__codelineno-14-103 name=__codelineno-14-103></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_cadres_prof_intel_sup_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS3_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-104><a id=__codelineno-14-104 name=__codelineno-14-104></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_professions_intermediaires_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS4_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-105><a id=__codelineno-14-105 name=__codelineno-14-105></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_employes_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS5_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-106><a id=__codelineno-14-106 name=__codelineno-14-106></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_ouvriers_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS6_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-107><a id=__codelineno-14-107 name=__codelineno-14-107></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_retraites_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS7_C</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>',</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-108><a id=__codelineno-14-108 name=__codelineno-14-108></a><span class=s1> pop_55_ans_et_plus_ans_autres_c,'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>POP55P_CS8_C</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-109><a id=__codelineno-14-109 name=__codelineno-14-109></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>E</span><span class=s1>'[\t\n\r]'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>''</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>'g'</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>data</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-110><a id=__codelineno-14-110 name=__codelineno-14-110></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>rp_population_import</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-111><a id=__codelineno-14-111 name=__codelineno-14-111></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-112><a id=__codelineno-14-112 name=__codelineno-14-112></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-113><a id=__codelineno-14-113 name=__codelineno-14-113></a><span class=c1>-- Conversion of text strings to json and insertion into the table.</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-114><a id=__codelineno-14-114 name=__codelineno-14-114></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=ss>"code_commune"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=ss>"annee"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=ss>"fk_base"</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=ss>"donnees"</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-115><a id=__codelineno-14-115 name=__codelineno-14-115></a><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-116><a id=__codelineno-14-116 name=__codelineno-14-116></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>CODGEO</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-117><a id=__codelineno-14-117 name=__codelineno-14-117></a><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>2021</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-118><a id=__codelineno-14-118 name=__codelineno-14-118></a><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-119><a id=__codelineno-14-119 name=__codelineno-14-119></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb_object</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>string_to_array</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>data</span><span class=p>::</span><span class=nb>text</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>','</span><span class=p>))</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-120><a id=__codelineno-14-120 name=__codelineno-14-120></a><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>d</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-14-121><a id=__codelineno-14-121 name=__codelineno-14-121></a><span class=k>ORDER</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>BY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=ss>"CODGEO"</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div></table></div><p><em>Wow.</em><p><a data-title="Overview of the donnees_communes table after data insertion"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/donnees_communes.png><img alt="Overview of the donnees_communes table after data insertion"class=img-center loading=lazy src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/donnees_communes.png></a><p>Be sure to group the inserts in this order: year/base/commune_code, to make it easier for PostgreSQL to read the data.<p>Now, imagine that, like the author of these lines, your fat, pudgy fingers stumble and slip on your keyboard while writing this query, that a typo slips in, and then it's drama. How do you change the name of a key already encoded in the table? Here's how:<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_15><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_15 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-15-1><a href=#__codelineno-15-1 id=__codelineno-15-1 name=__codelineno-15-1></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>TABLE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>example</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nb>int</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>PRIMARY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>KEY</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>champ</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb</span><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-2><a href=#__codelineno-15-2 id=__codelineno-15-2 name=__codelineno-15-2></a><span class=k>INSERT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>INTO</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>example</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VALUES</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-3><a href=#__codelineno-15-3 id=__codelineno-15-3 name=__codelineno-15-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'{"nme": "test"}'</span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-4><a href=#__codelineno-15-4 id=__codelineno-15-4 name=__codelineno-15-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=mi>2</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'{"nme": "second test"}'</span><span class=p>);</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-5><a href=#__codelineno-15-5 id=__codelineno-15-5 name=__codelineno-15-5></a> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-6><a href=#__codelineno-15-6 id=__codelineno-15-6 name=__codelineno-15-6></a><span class=k>UPDATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>example</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-7><a href=#__codelineno-15-7 id=__codelineno-15-7 name=__codelineno-15-7></a><span class=k>SET</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>champ</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>champ</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>-</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'nme'</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>||</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>jsonb_build_object</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>'name'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>champ</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>-></span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'nme'</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-8><a href=#__codelineno-15-8 id=__codelineno-15-8 name=__codelineno-15-8></a><span class=k>WHERE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>champ</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>?</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'nme'</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-15-9><a href=#__codelineno-15-9 id=__codelineno-15-9 name=__codelineno-15-9></a><span class=n>returning</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>*</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p><code>-</code> is an operator used to remove a key from a json object. For our UPDATE, we therefore remove our typo from the entire object. In addition, we concatenate everything else with the construction of a new object in which we correct the key name. We also assign the value of the key being deleted, which is still usable at UPDATE time, to the fields that originally contained it with <code>?</code>.<h2 id=now-what-what-do-we-do-with-this>Now what ? What do we do with this ?<a title="Permanent link"class=headerlink href=#now-what-what-do-we-do-with-this>#</a></h2><p>So far, we've only worked with the population component for its latest version. Let's now imagine that we repeat the exercise for all 6 sections and over several years, bearing in mind that over time, certain fields may appear or disappear; changes in the levels of diplomas observed, for example. It would be interesting to retrieve a table showing the first and last year of presence of each key. Let's just say that during this work, we took the opportunity to update a “correspondance_clefs_champs” table listing each key present and its original INSEE name (at least, the one we had standardized).<div class="language-sql highlight"><pre id=__code_16><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_16 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-16-1><a href=#__codelineno-16-1 id=__codelineno-16-1 name=__codelineno-16-1></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>MATERIALIZED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VIEW</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>presence_clefs_annees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-2><a href=#__codelineno-16-2 id=__codelineno-16-2 name=__codelineno-16-2></a><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-3><a href=#__codelineno-16-3 id=__codelineno-16-3 name=__codelineno-16-3></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-4><a href=#__codelineno-16-4 id=__codelineno-16-4 name=__codelineno-16-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-5><a href=#__codelineno-16-5 id=__codelineno-16-5 name=__codelineno-16-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-6><a href=#__codelineno-16-6 id=__codelineno-16-6 name=__codelineno-16-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>a</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>premiere</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>premiere_annee_presence</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-7><a href=#__codelineno-16-7 id=__codelineno-16-7 name=__codelineno-16-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>a</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>derniere</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>derniere_annee_presence</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-8><a href=#__codelineno-16-8 id=__codelineno-16-8 name=__codelineno-16-8></a><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>correspondance_clefs_champs</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-9><a href=#__codelineno-16-9 id=__codelineno-16-9 name=__codelineno-16-9></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>LATERAL</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-10><a href=#__codelineno-16-10 id=__codelineno-16-10 name=__codelineno-16-10></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>min</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>premiere</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-11><a href=#__codelineno-16-11 id=__codelineno-16-11 name=__codelineno-16-11></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>max</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>derniere</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-12><a href=#__codelineno-16-12 id=__codelineno-16-12 name=__codelineno-16-12></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>WHERE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AND</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>?</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>c</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>a</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-16-13><a href=#__codelineno-16-13 id=__codelineno-16-13 name=__codelineno-16-13></a><span class=k>ORDER</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>BY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p><a data-title="Overview of vm with the first and last year of key presence"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/vm_presence_cles_annees.png><img alt="Overview of vm with the first and last year of key presence"class=img-center loading=lazy src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/vm_presence_cles_annees.png></a><p>The only difficulty here is the presence of <a href=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/queries-table-expressions.html#QUERIES-FROM rel=noopener target=_blank>LATERAL</a>. This “word” allows you to use a field from the main query in a subquery placed in a FROM clause. The elements of the subquery will then be evaluated atomically before being joined to the original table. Yes, it's not very easy to explain. Here, the WHERE of the subquery will query the <code>donnees</code> field of the “donnees_communes” table to see if it sees the clef_json (json key) being evaluated in the “correspondance_clefs_champs” table with alias “c”. If so, we take the minimum/maximum value of the year field and attach it to this line and this line only. Then evaluate the following clef_json ... (<em>evaluated atomically</em>)<p>Now we'd like to offer a product that's a little easier to use with all this. Excuse me in advance, I'll copy a 50-line query a second time. The only table used here that we haven't created is a <code>zonages_administratifs</code> table containing municipalities codes in a <code>code_admin</code> field and a <code>fk_type</code> field containing the type of administrative zoning (1 for municipalities).<div class="language-sql highlight"><table class=highlighttable><tbody><tr><th class=filename colspan=2><span class=filename>Creation of the embellished materialized view</span><tr><td class=linenos><div class=linenodiv><pre><span></span><span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-1> 1</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-2> 2</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-3> 3</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-4> 4</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-5> 5</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-6> 6</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-7> 7</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-8> 8</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-9> 9</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-10>10</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-11>11</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-12>12</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-13>13</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-14>14</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-15>15</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-16>16</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-17>17</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-18>18</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-19>19</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-20>20</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-21>21</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-22>22</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-23>23</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-24>24</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-25>25</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-26>26</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-27>27</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-28>28</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-29>29</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-30>30</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-31>31</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-32>32</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-33>33</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-34>34</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-35>35</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-36>36</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-37>37</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-38>38</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-39>39</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-40>40</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-41>41</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-42>42</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-43>43</a></span> |
| <span class=normal><a href=#__codelineno-17-44>44</a></span></pre></div><td class=code><div><pre id=__code_17><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_17 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content><span id=__span-17-1><a id=__codelineno-17-1 name=__codelineno-17-1></a><span class=k>CREATE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>MATERIALIZED</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>VIEW</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes_olap</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-2><a id=__codelineno-17-2 name=__codelineno-17-2></a><span class=k>WITH</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-3><a id=__codelineno-17-3 name=__codelineno-17-3></a><span class=c1>-- Municipalities codes selection</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-4><a id=__codelineno-17-4 name=__codelineno-17-4></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>codes_com</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-5><a id=__codelineno-17-5 name=__codelineno-17-5></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-6><a id=__codelineno-17-6 name=__codelineno-17-6></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>code_admin</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-7><a id=__codelineno-17-7 name=__codelineno-17-7></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>zonages_administratifs</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-8><a id=__codelineno-17-8 name=__codelineno-17-8></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>WHERE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>fk_type</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=mi>1</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-9><a id=__codelineno-17-9 name=__codelineno-17-9></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-10><a id=__codelineno-17-10 name=__codelineno-17-10></a><span class=c1>-- Key selections and unnest by year</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-11><a id=__codelineno-17-11 name=__codelineno-17-11></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clefs</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-12><a id=__codelineno-17-12 name=__codelineno-17-12></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-13><a id=__codelineno-17-13 name=__codelineno-17-13></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-14><a id=__codelineno-17-14 name=__codelineno-17-14></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>generate_series</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>premiere_annee_presence</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>derniere_annee_presence</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=mi>1</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>annee</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-15><a id=__codelineno-17-15 name=__codelineno-17-15></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>presence_clefs_annees</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-16><a id=__codelineno-17-16 name=__codelineno-17-16></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-17><a id=__codelineno-17-17 name=__codelineno-17-17></a><span class=c1>-- cross join keys + single year and communal codes</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-18><a id=__codelineno-17-18 name=__codelineno-17-18></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-19><a id=__codelineno-17-19 name=__codelineno-17-19></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-20><a id=__codelineno-17-20 name=__codelineno-17-20></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>code_admin</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>code_com</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-21><a id=__codelineno-17-21 name=__codelineno-17-21></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cl</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-22><a id=__codelineno-17-22 name=__codelineno-17-22></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cl</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>pk_id</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-23><a id=__codelineno-17-23 name=__codelineno-17-23></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>codes_com</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cc</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-24><a id=__codelineno-17-24 name=__codelineno-17-24></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>CROSS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>JOIN</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clefs</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>cl</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-25><a id=__codelineno-17-25 name=__codelineno-17-25></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>),</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-26><a id=__codelineno-17-26 name=__codelineno-17-26></a><span class=c1>-- Final selection with data recovery</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-27><a id=__codelineno-17-27 name=__codelineno-17-27></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>final</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-28><a id=__codelineno-17-28 name=__codelineno-17-28></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>SELECT</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-29><a id=__codelineno-17-29 name=__codelineno-17-29></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>code_com</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-30><a id=__codelineno-17-30 name=__codelineno-17-30></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-31><a id=__codelineno-17-31 name=__codelineno-17-31></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-32><a id=__codelineno-17-32 name=__codelineno-17-32></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>,</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-33><a id=__codelineno-17-33 name=__codelineno-17-33></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>CASE</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-34><a id=__codelineno-17-34 name=__codelineno-17-34></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>WHEN</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>d</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>->></span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>IN</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=s1>''</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>'null'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>'s'</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=s1>'nd'</span><span class=p>)</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>THEN</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-35><a id=__codelineno-17-35 name=__codelineno-17-35></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ELSE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>((</span><span class=n>d</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>->></span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>)::</span><span class=nb>real</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-36><a id=__codelineno-17-36 name=__codelineno-17-36></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>END</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>valeur</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-37><a id=__codelineno-17-37 name=__codelineno-17-37></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-38><a id=__codelineno-17-38 name=__codelineno-17-38></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>JOIN</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-39><a id=__codelineno-17-39 name=__codelineno-17-39></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>donnees_communes</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>d</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>code_com</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>d</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>code_commune</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AND</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>d</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-40><a id=__codelineno-17-40 name=__codelineno-17-40></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>LEFT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>JOIN</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-41><a id=__codelineno-17-41 name=__codelineno-17-41></a><span class=w> </span><span class=n>insee</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>presence_clefs_annees</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>AS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ON</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>pk_id</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>pk_id</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-42><a id=__codelineno-17-42 name=__codelineno-17-42></a><span class=w> </span><span class=k>ORDER</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>BY</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>annee</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>fk_base</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>co</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>clef_json</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>tc</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=n>code_com</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-43><a id=__codelineno-17-43 name=__codelineno-17-43></a><span class=w> </span><span class=p>)</span> |
| </span><span id=__span-17-44><a id=__codelineno-17-44 name=__codelineno-17-44></a><span class=k>SELECT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>*</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>FROM</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>final</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>WHERE</span><span class=w> </span><span class=n>valeur</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>IS</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NOT</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>NULL</span><span class=p>;</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div></table></div><p><a data-title="mv overview with “olap” organized data"class=glightbox data-desc-position=bottom data-height=auto data-type=image data-width=90% href=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/vm_donnees_olap.png><img alt="mv overview with “olap” organized data"class=img-center loading=lazy src=https://cdn.geotribu.fr/img/articles-blog-rdp/articles/2024/postgresql_json/vm_donnees_olap.png></a><p>Please note that creating or refreshing this materialized view may take some time if you've stored a lot of data (1 hour in my case for the 6 sections from 2015 to 2021).<p>Finally, in the spirit of living with the times and not like an old cave bear, we're going to convert this materialized view into a <a href=https://parquet.apache.org/ rel=noopener target=_blank>parquet file</a>. And for that, we're going to use GDAL, which is truly incredible.<div class="language-sh highlight"><span class=filename>View export in parquet format</span><pre id=__code_18><span></span><nav class=md-code__nav><button data-clipboard-target="#__code_18 > code"title="Copy to clipboard"class=md-code__button data-md-type=copy></button></nav><code class=md-code__content tabindex=0><span id=__span-18-1><a href=#__codelineno-18-1 id=__codelineno-18-1 name=__codelineno-18-1></a>ogr2ogr<span class=w> </span>-of<span class=w> </span>parquet<span class=w> </span>donnees_insee.parquet<span class=w> </span>PG:<span class=s2>"dbname='insee' schema='insee' tables='donnees_communes_olap' user='user_name' password='your_password'"</span> |
| </span></code></pre></div><p>And then you can put the file on a cloud space, like <a href=https://donnees-insee.s3.fr-par.scw.cloud/donnees_insee_olap.parquet rel=noopener target=_blank>here</a>! You can then get out your best Linkedin publication generator, which will put lots of cute emojis, and show off on social networks (imagine that 90% of Linkedin content has to be made with these things, which are able to generate publications explaining that one of the few advantages of shape over geopackage is that it's a multi-file format, all in a very confident tone).<p align=center class=md-source>Share it: <a href=https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=Working%20with%20JSON%20and%20PostgreSQL%0A%0AStore%20data%20in%20JSON%20format%20in%20PostgreSQL%2C%20consult%20it...%20and%20all%20this%20using%20INSEE%20french%20census%20data%20as%20an%20example.%0A%0Aby%20Thomas%20Szczurek-Gayant.%20%0A%0A%0A%23GISTribe%0A%0ACheck%20it%20on%20@geotribu.bsky.social%20:%20https://blog.geotribu.net/2025/03/04/working-with-json-and-postgresql/ rel=noopener target=_blank><span class=twemoji><svg viewbox="0 0 512 512"xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg><path d="M111.8 62.2C170.2 105.9 233 194.7 256 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