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2024-07-27T16:40:57.324173
2021-04-25T19:00:03
0-1
{ "authors": [ [ "Mrjulesd", "1779740" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:1", "title": "Main Page", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Main_Page", "wik...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Main Page Featured books • Wikijunior • Cookbook • Browse books • Help • Forum • Using Wikibooks Welcome to Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection that anyone can edit. books with pages. * Computing * Engineering * Humanities * Languages * Mathematics * Miscellaneous * Recreational activities ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.324428
2010-03-31T02:54:23
2-4
{ "authors": [ [ "Schewek", "5" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:2", "title": "User:Schewek", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Schewek", "wiki...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Schewek My interests here at the Textbook-Wiki are in the natural sciences. I made my prior wiki-experiences mainly as Schewek at the German language Wikipedia.
2024-07-27T16:40:57.324492
2022-05-19T14:04:40
0-5
{ "authors": [ [ "Syunsyunminmin", "3382164" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:3", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Cover", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wik...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Cover Welcome to the world's foremost open content Organic Chemistry Textbook on the web! The Study of Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is primarily devoted to the unique properties of the carbon atom and its compounds. These compounds play a critical role in biology and ecology, Earth science...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.324606
2010-09-02T06:08:27
0-7
{ "authors": [ [ "Jomegat", "12605" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:4", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry", "url"...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry The purpose of this section is to review topics from freshman chemistry and build the foundation for further studies in organic chemistry. * 1) History of organic chemistry * 2) Atomic structure * 3) Electronegativity * 4) Bonding * 5) Electron dot st...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.324682
2022-07-20T02:59:32
0-9
{ "authors": [ [ "Ucabunx", "3396255" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:5", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions", "url": "https://wiki...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions > Introduction to reactions > Introduction to reactions Specific Reactions * 1) Polar and radical reactions * 2) Redox reactions * 3) Carbocations * 4) Hydroboration/oxidation * 5) Free-radical halogenation * 6) Rearrangement reactions * 7) Pericyclic reactions * ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.325452
2023-03-25T11:24:27
0-10
{ "authors": [ [ "1234qwer1234qwer4", "1406991" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:6", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkenes", "url": "https://wikibooks.co...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Alkenes << Haloalkanes |Alkenes| Alkynes >> Alkenes are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds and general formula CnH2n. =Naming Alkenes= Alkenes are named as if they were alkanes, but the "-ane" suffix is changed to "-ene". If the alkene contains only one double bond and tha...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.327758
2023-07-29T02:35:42
0-12
{ "authors": [ [ "Alhadis", "2578924" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:7", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Chirality", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/O...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Chirality Introduction Chirality (pronounced kie-RAL-it-tee) is the property of handedness. If you attempt to superimpose your right hand on top of your left, the two do not match up in the sense that your right hand's thumb overlays your left hand's pinky finger. Your two hands cannot be superimpose...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.328940
2011-09-16T01:04:21
0-13
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:8", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Dienes", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Organic_Chemistry/Dienes", "wiki": "wikibooks.com"...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Dienes Organic chemistry > Dienes << Alkynes | Kinds of dienes >> In alkene chemistry, we demonstrated that allylic carbon could maintain a cation charge because the double bond could de-localize to support the charge. What of having two double bonds separated by a single bond? What of having a com...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329041
2021-08-25T11:44:34
0-17
{ "authors": [ [ "Yashpalgoyal1304", "3103324" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:9", "title": "Organic Chemistry/External links", "url": "https://wikibo...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/External links Organic chemistry > Links to other online organic textbooks =Resources= * The IUPAC Gold Book of definitions. =Other online textbooks= * |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry/5-12-organic-chemistry-i-spring-2003 MIT OpenCourseWare Organic Chemistry I (u...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329222
2012-02-14T15:47:40
2-18
{ "authors": [ [ "Karl Wick", "6" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:10", "title": "User:Karl Wick", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Karl_Wick", ...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Karl Wick "Wikibooks co-founder." Started Wikibooks to bring down textbook expense and improve textbook quality. Thank you to Wikipedia founder Jimbo Wales and everyone else who has already done much more than me to help further this dream. May Wikibooks provide the world free, top-quality textbooks!
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329305
2005-04-08T20:36:21
2-20
{ "authors": [ [ "Maveric149", "7" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:11", "title": "User:Maveric149", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Maveric149...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Maveric149 en:user:maveric149 Nothing much to see here. Even though I'm a co-founder of Wikibooks and am the person who thought of the name, I pretty much only do admin and organization work here so far since most of my Wikimedia time is still spent on my various Wikipedia projects. However, I have dreamed of he...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329381
2022-09-22T23:13:55
0-21
{ "authors": [ [ "Innerstream", "3345774" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:12", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Hi...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry Atomic Structure > Brief History Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a physician by trade, first coined the term "organic chemistry" in 1806 for the study of compounds derived from biological sources. Up through the early 19th century, natura...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329698
2003-11-17T17:16:29
2-22
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:13", "title": "User:Nanobug", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Nanobug", "wiki": "wikibooks.com" }
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Nanobug Michael Richards - Senior Systems Analyst and Programmer. Why Nanobug? Take your pick: * I like the bugs in my programs to be very small. * I try not to bug people too much. * I have a bug for nanotechnology. My page on Wikiquote, Wikipedia, Wiktionary, and Meta.
2024-07-27T16:40:57.329913
2024-07-13T08:47:50
103-24
{ "authors": [ [ "Tkzeemoondreamer07", "3474563" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "103", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:14", "title": "Cookbook talk:Table of Contents", "url": "https://wi...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Cookbook talk:Table of Contents Why aren't there any links to Wikipedia pages? I'm new to this project and I'd like to help, mainly by adding links, pics, and cleaning up. But I'm baffled as to why there are not links to Wikipedia on the Wikicookbook and vice-versa? Has there been a consensus regarding this issue? I a...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.330491
2012-06-17T19:11:56
4-32
{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "4", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:15", "title": "Wikibooks:Files to be harvested", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Wikibooks:Files to be harvested This is a list of files that have been uploaded to serve as sources for text and images for the textbook project. Material from these can be used freely on this project. Make sure you use other resources in a wise and legal way: Media Organic Chemistry * [[media:SOCAWS9495.pdf|Organ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.330592
2012-10-10T15:39:52
2-33
{ "authors": [ [ "MarcGarver", "134830" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:16", "title": "User:Magnus Manske", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Ma...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Magnus Manske Same guy as this one I am working on the Biochemistry and Cell biology books here; maybe on Genetics as well, if anyone bothers... Hi to you, too! What, only three books?? --RoseParks
2024-07-27T16:40:57.330650
2015-04-17T22:34:56
2-35
{ "authors": [ [ "Maintenance script", "2283202" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:17", "title": "User:Juxo~enwikibooks", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Juxo~enwikibooks You will most likely find me at http://www.consumerium.org/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=User:Juxo Wishlist I'm really looking forward to someone with more expertise doing some Textbooks on the Unix. I think it would be a good idea to do it on a user story-basis. Wherein the structure would be case base...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.330733
2009-06-22T17:31:43
0-41
{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:18", "title": "Computer Programming/Authors", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wik...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Computer Programming/Authors List of Authors "You always need someone to blame." * The WikiCommunity * Martin Krischik (Contributions) * Josh Ferguson * Brian Mitchell * Gregory Pietsch * LittleDan for the XHTML tutorial * Kevin Whitefoot the more obscure parts of Programming:Visual Basic Classic
2024-07-27T16:40:57.330849
2024-04-16T01:41:51
102-43
{ "authors": [ [ "Kittycataclysm", "3371989" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "102", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:19", "title": "Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template", "url": "https://wikibo...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Cookbook:Policy/Recipe template '''This is a template page. Please do not add recipes here .''' This is the recommended template for recipes that are submitted to the cookbook. Please note that this is only a guideline; feel free to add other sections as necessary, or omit sections that are not applicable (although t...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.331117
2023-09-10T15:50:38
0-47
{ "authors": [ [ "Kittycataclysm", "3371989" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:20", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure < History | Electronegativity > Atomic Structure Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. An atom in its natural, uncharged state has the same number of electrons as ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.331452
2003-07-14T07:28:28
2-50
{ "authors": [ [ "Mrquick", "16" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:21", "title": "User:Mrquick", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Mrquick", "wi...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Mrquick I'm working on the programming textbook. I'm in college. I'll most likely be a programmer when I get out. Yep. And I have lots of experience messing with programming. Yep. Tis good.
2024-07-27T16:40:57.331586
2022-04-28T20:18:25
0-53
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:22", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Bonding < Electronegativity | Electron dot structure > Ionic Bonding Ionic bonding is when positively and negatively charged ions stick to each other through electrostatic force. These bonds are slightly weaker than covalent bonds and stronger than Van d...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.331943
2023-11-22T08:17:20
0-54
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:23", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Resonance << Electron dot structures | Acids and bases >> Resonance Resonance refers to structures that are not easily represented by a single electron dot structure but that are intermediates between two or more drawn structures. Resonance is easily misun...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.332454
2022-04-28T20:22:15
0-55
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:24", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases << Resonance | Nomenclature >> Arrhenius Definition: Hydroxide and Hydronium Ions The first and earliest definition of acids and bases was proposed in the 1800s by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, who said that an acid was anything that d...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.332949
2012-12-17T22:25:22
0-56
{ "authors": [ [ "Recent Runes", "66908" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:25", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Ele...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Electron dot structures << Bonding | Resonance >> Electron Dot Structures On WP: Lewis structures Electron dot structures, also called Lewis structures, give a representation of the valence electrons surrounding an atom. Each valence electron is represent...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.333458
2007-09-07T18:34:50
0-57
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:26", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Overview of addition,...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Overview of addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement reactions << Cycloalkanes | Next >> The real heart of organic chemistry is the reactions. Everything that you study is geared to prepare you for organic syntheses and other chemical transformations performed ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.333606
2018-06-11T18:35:37
0-58
{ "authors": [ [ "GKFX", "707936" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:27", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Polar and radical reactions...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Polar and radical reactions << Overview of reactions | Redox reactions >> Homolytic vs heterolytic cleavage Two bonded atoms can come apart from each other in one of two ways. Either * each atom gets away with half of the shared electrons, or * one of the atoms leaves wit...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.333722
2003-07-16T13:22:53
2-60
{ "authors": [ [ "Cehjohnson", "18" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:28", "title": "User:Cehjohnson", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Cehjohnso...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
User:Cehjohnson Problem A rectangular pizza is placed on a tray. The sides of the tray extend by 4 units to the right and left and by 3 units (x) above and below. Calculate a value of x such that the area of the tray protruding is as small as possible. Answer The solution to this problem lies in differential calcul...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.333804
2010-09-28T15:56:57
0-64
{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:29", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Introduction to functional groups", "url": "ht...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Introduction to functional groups * 1) ../Overview of Functional Groups/ * 2) ../Alcohols/ * 3) ../Phenols/ * 4) ../Ethers/ * 5) ../Epoxides/ * 6) ../Ketones and aldehydes/ * 7) ../Carboxylic Acids/ * 8) ../Carboxylic acid derivatives/ << Introduction to reactions | Introduction to function...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.333873
2007-09-07T18:35:20
0-69
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:30", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Hist...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry/Vital force theory << Foundational concepts | Synthesis of urea >> Long ago, people observed the differences between compounds that were derived from living things and those that were not. There seemed to be an impassable gap be...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334004
2007-09-07T18:35:21
0-70
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:31", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Hist...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry/Synthesis of urea << Vital force theory | Organic vs inorganic chemistry >>
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334052
2007-09-07T18:35:22
0-71
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:32", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Hist...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry/Organic vs inorganic chemistry << Synthesis of urea | Atomic structure >>
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334109
2008-03-30T00:33:14
0-72
{ "authors": [ [ "Webaware", "27565" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:33", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic ...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Nucleus and electrons << Atomic structure | Shells and orbitals >> Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that orbit the nucleus. An atom in its natural, uncharged state has the same number of electrons as protons. If it gains or lose...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334231
2016-07-23T10:12:25
0-73
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:34", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Shells and orbitals", "url": "https...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Shells and orbitals << Nucleus and electrons | Filling electron shells >> Electron orbitals Electrons orbit atoms in clouds of distinct shapes and sizes. The electron clouds are layered one inside the other into units called shells (think n...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334579
2009-09-24T00:07:18
0-74
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:35", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Filling electron shells", "url": "h...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Filling electron shells << Shells and orbitals | Octet rule and exceptions >> When an atom or ion receives electrons into its orbitals, the orbitals and shells fill up in a particular manner. There are three principles that govern this pro...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.334813
2024-04-02T18:53:18
0-75
{ "authors": [ [ "Kittycataclysm", "3371989" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:36", "title": "Cell Biology", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Cell_Bio...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Cell Biology Contents * Glossary and Guide * Glossary Alphabetically * Glossary By Lesson * How to edit this book Beginning Cell Biology * Introduction * Introduction to Cell Biology * What is living? * What is a cell? * Size of cells * The Great Ancestor * Cells Under Microscopes * Chemical elements ne...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.335070
2017-09-01T12:31:34
1-77
{ "authors": [ [ "Pi zero", "75960" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:37", "title": "Talk:Modern Physics", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Talk:Moder...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Talk:Modern Physics I agree that this is a stunning piece of work! However, having found his email (raymond@kestrel.nmt.edu), I am loath to contact him personally. Perhaps we could construct a letter of appreciation and an invitation over here from all of us. Forgive me if I take the liberty of starting the ball rolli...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.335805
2023-10-29T05:24:04
0-82
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:38", "title": "Linear Algebra", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Linear_Algebra", "wiki": "wikibooks.com" }
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Linear Algebra This book discusses proof-based linear algebra. The book was designed specifically for students who have not previously been exposed to mathematics as mathematicians view it: that is, as a subject whose goal is to rigorously prove theorems starting from clear consistent definitions. This book attempts t...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.336170
2005-05-23T04:33:33
1-85
{ "authors": [ [ "Darkdna", "7268" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:39", "title": "Talk:Programming:c", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Talk:Program...
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Talk:Programming:c There's a nice public domain C/C++ primer available here; there are also two FDL licensed books on http://savannah.gnu.org which I'll dig up if there's interest, and a C++ wiki, linked from the Wikipedia C++ article. Would it be a good idea to integrate these as a basis? I'd go with the first link ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.336371
2015-04-17T22:26:01
2-109
{ "authors": [ [ "Maintenance script", "2283202" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:40", "title": "User:Geoffrey~enwikibooks", "url": "https://wikibooks....
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User:Geoffrey~enwikibooks * en:User:Geoffrey | en:User talk:Geoffrey Something I may not have mentioned at en: and is relevant here: I am a high school student. And I don't like the textbooks there. I am open to relicensing my own contributions here and on en:.
2024-07-27T16:40:57.336496
2003-07-18T00:56:22
2-110
{ "authors": [ [ "Jimregan", "20" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:41", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 1", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 1 Introduction to C; Functions; Control Constructs The C programming language is sometimes referred to as a "middle-level" language. It provides low-level programming capability at the expense of some user-friendliness. Some cynics claim that "C combines the flexibility and power of asse...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.337685
2003-07-18T01:04:01
2-111
{ "authors": [ [ "Jimregan", "20" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:42", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 2", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 2 C Variables, Operators, & Preprocessor Directives C supports a flexible set of variable types and structures, as well as common arithmetic and math functions along with a few interesting operators that are unique to C. This chapter explains them in detail, and ends with a short discuss...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.339139
2003-07-18T01:09:27
2-112
{ "authors": [ [ "Jimregan", "20" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:43", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 3", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 3 C Input & Output This chapter covers console (keyboard/display) and file I/O. You've already seen one console-I/O function, "printf", and there are several others, C has two separate approaches toward file I/O, one based on library functions that resembles console I/O, and a second tha...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.340430
2003-07-18T01:19:08
2-113
{ "authors": [ [ "Jimregan", "20" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:44", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 4", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 4 C Library Functions & Other Comments This chapter discusses some useful standard C libraries: Math library Standard utility library The "sprintf" function String function library Character class test library -- and the following minor topics: Command-line arguments Dynamic memory al...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.341868
2004-12-19T00:46:16
2-114
{ "authors": [ [ "PRASHPSG", "3697" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:45", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 5", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wi...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 5 Programming In C++: Elementary Features The C++ language is an "object-oriented" extension to C that supports fundamental C syntax but adds many new elements. This chapter provides an overview of its differences from C, while the next chapter discusses its central concept, classes. C+...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.342967
2003-07-18T01:28:34
2-115
{ "authors": [ [ "Jimregan", "20" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:46", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 6", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 6 Programming In C++: Classes The central core concept of C++ is the class, and this chapter describes its essential features in an introductory fashion. The ramifications of classes are highly complicated, and this chapter does not, could not, explain them in detail. It simply provides ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.344275
2004-10-05T08:52:10
2-116
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:47", "title": "User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 7", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Jimregan/C_Primer_chapter_7", "wiki"...
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User:Jimregan/C Primer chapter 7 C Quick Reference This section contains a sample program to give syntax examples for fundamental C statements, followed by a list of library routines. This list is very terse and assumes that you are simply looking for reminders. If you need more details, please refer to the previous c...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.344781
2004-08-23T18:15:36
2-117
{ "authors": [ [ "IntMan", "24" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:48", "title": "User:IntMan", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:IntMan", "wiki"...
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User:IntMan I am now a senior in high school. I have been working on the Calculus wikibook every so often, and plan on resuming so in late August 2004.
2024-07-27T16:40:57.344841
2021-07-16T11:15:30
0-119
{ "authors": [ [ "Mbrickn", "3181019" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:49", "title": "Calculus/Introduction", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Calcul...
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Calculus/Introduction What is calculus? Calculus is the broad area of mathematics dealing with such topics as instantaneous rates of change, areas under curves, and sequences and series. Underlying all of these topics is the concept of a limit, which consists of analyzing the behavior of a function at points ever clos...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.349213
2024-02-08T04:52:27
0-122
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:50", "title": "Calculus/Functions", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Calculus/Functions", "wiki": "wikibooks.com" }
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Calculus/Functions Functions are everywhere, from a simple correlation between distance and time to complex heat waves. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of functions: the definition, basic concepts, and other defining aspects. It is very concept-heavy, and expect a lot of reading and understanding. However, th...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.351259
2021-04-04T16:13:03
0-123
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:51", "title": "Waves/Vectors", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/V...
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Waves/Vectors Math Tutorial -- Vectors Figure 1: Displacement vectors in a plane. Vector $$\mbox{A}$$ represents the displacement of George from Mary, while vector $$\mbox{B}$$ represents the displacement of Paul from George. Vector $$\mbox{C}$$ represents the displacement of Paul from Mary and $$\mbox{C} = \mbox{A...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.351784
2018-07-15T14:02:09
0-150
{ "authors": [ [ "Leaderboard", "1176064" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:52", "title": "Waves/Reflection and Refraction", "url": "https://wikibooks.c...
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Waves/Reflection and Refraction Reflection and Refraction Most of what we need to know about geometrical optics can be summarized in two rules, the laws of reflection and refraction. These rules may both be inferred by considering what happens when a plane wave segment impinges on a flat surface. If the surface is pol...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.352275
2021-03-29T20:04:15
0-174
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:53", "title": "Special Relativity/Spacetime", "url": "https://wikibooks.c...
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Special Relativity/Spacetime The modern approach to relativity Although the special theory of relativity was first proposed by Einstein in 1905, the modern approach to the theory depends upon the concept of a four-dimensional universe, that was first proposed by Hermann Minkowski in 1908. Minkowski's contribution app...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.353441
2020-10-08T17:06:08
1-175
{ "authors": [ [ "Rahulsanjay18", "2370604" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:54", "title": "Talk:Waves/Waves in One Dimension", "url": "https://wikiboo...
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Talk:Waves/Waves in One Dimension This page is missing a graph. "Graphing this out we get [graph] From figure one we can" There should be a graph where I placed the word [graph]. MicScoTho I think that * $$y=a\ \sin \left(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} - \frac{2\pi t}{T} +\alpha \right)$$ is neater. It also allows to imm...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.353621
2004-04-25T03:05:18
2-178
{ "authors": [ [ "Eric119", "27" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:55", "title": "User:Eric119", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Eric119", "wi...
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User:Eric119 "...we who teach will be judged more strictly." * --James 3:1b (NIV) w:User:Eric119
2024-07-27T16:40:57.353673
2017-11-05T08:33:35
1-180
{ "authors": [ [ "Dan Polansky", "78491" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:56", "title": "Talk:Waves/Reflection and Refraction", "url": "https://wikiboo...
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Talk:Waves/Reflection and Refraction Lets break this up a bit so it isn't so long .. -- Karl Wick Total internal Reflection Sir, I would like to know in a physics point of view,keeping formulas & mathematics aside why total internal reflection takes place. RSVP to : adityavalluri@tatanova.com
2024-07-27T16:40:57.353725
2015-04-17T22:40:18
2-181
{ "authors": [ [ "Maintenance script", "2283202" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:57", "title": "User:LouI~enwikibooks", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/...
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User:LouI~enwikibooks My normal use name is Lou Imholt. I'm a semi-retired computer nerd (system engineer) with 35+ years experience, and an apprentice nanotechnologist starting in December, 2002. I am still wraping up some loose ends I've left Wikipedia, but I have started to contribute ober here. I expect most effo...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.353981
2006-03-10T16:33:08
1-183
{ "authors": [ [ "Robert Horning", "1227" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:58", "title": "Talk:Organic Chemistry/Cover", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/...
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Talk:Organic Chemistry/Cover Splash page I decided to make this page a "splash page" or a sort of bookcover. Just the title, welcome comment, link to the contents and a pretty, ochem-related piece of artwork. --Karl Wick * What a good idea! I'm going to do the same Theresa knott 09:16, 24 Sep 2003 (UTC)
2024-07-27T16:40:57.354225
2006-10-18T04:09:44
2-185
{ "authors": [ [ "Guanabot~enwikibooks", "5478" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "2", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:59", "title": "User:Cyp", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/User:Cyp"...
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User:Cyp en:User:Cyp All my edits are also released under the proposed alternative licenses to the GNU, such as the creative something licence, or whatever they are all called, by the way, should this site decide to add an extra licence. See also: User talk:Cyp
2024-07-27T16:40:57.354414
2018-09-30T17:48:51
4-187
{ "authors": [ [ "Pi zero", "75960" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "4", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:60", "title": "Wikibooks:Physics bookshelf", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wi...
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Wikibooks:Physics bookshelf General * Modern Physics Mechanics * Classical mechanics - This will be a "minimal standard course" of classical theoretical mechanics. * Mechanics Energy and Power * Energy and Power - This course will be an introduction to energy and power within a societal context. * Nuclear ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.354751
2024-04-17T10:25:38
0-188
{ "authors": [ [ "MarcGarver", "134830" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:61", "title": "Waves/Transverse, Longitudinal and Torsional waves", "url": "ht...
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Waves/Transverse, Longitudinal and Torsional waves Transverse and Longitudinal Waves With the exception of light, waves are undulations in some material medium. For instance, waves on a slinky are either transverse, in that the motion of the material of the slinky is perpendicular to the orientation of the slinky, i...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.354987
2020-09-07T19:33:08
0-189
{ "authors": [ [ "Isabelle Belato", "688817" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:62", "title": "Waves/Sine Waves", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wave...
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Waves/Sine Waves Sine Waves A particularly simple kind of wave, the sine wave, is illustrated in figure 1.2. This has the mathematical form: * $$h(x) = h_0 \sin ( 2 \pi x / \lambda ) ,$$ (2.1) where * h is the displacement (which can be either longitudinal or transverse), * $$h_0$$ is the maximum displacement, som...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.355126
2022-04-14T00:58:14
0-190
{ "authors": [ [ "FHutch4", "3385873" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:63", "title": "Waves/Types of Waves", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/T...
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Waves/Types of Waves Types of Waves In order to make the above material more concrete, we now examine the characteristics of various types of waves which may be observed in the real world. Ocean Surface Waves Figure 1.3: Wave on an ocean of depth $$H$$. The wave is moving to the right and the particles of water at th...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.355285
2024-06-08T06:52:12
0-191
{ "authors": [ [ "ShakespeareFan00", "46022" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:64", "title": "Waves/Sound Waves", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wav...
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Waves/Sound Waves Sound Waves Sound is a longitudinal compression-expansion wave through matter. The wave speed is * $$c = ( \gamma R T_{abs} )^{1/2} $$ (2.11) where $$\gamma$$ and $$R$$ are constants and $$T_{abs}$$ is the absolute temperature. The absolute temperature is measured in Kelvins and is numerically give...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.355347
2006-08-07T17:58:52
0-192
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:65", "title": "Waves/Light", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/Light", ...
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Waves/Light Light Light moves in a vacuum at a speed of $$c_{vac} = 3 \times 10^8 \mbox{ m} \mbox{ s}^{-1}$$. In transparent materials it moves at a speed less than $$c_{vac}$$ by a factor $$n$$ which is called the refractive index of the material: * $$c = c_{vac} / n . $$ Often the refractive index takes the form ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.355432
2008-12-24T13:09:10
0-193
{ "authors": [ [ "Ergzay", "154741" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:66", "title": "Waves/Superposition", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/Supe...
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Waves/Superposition Superposition Principle It is found empirically that as long as the amplitudes of waves in most media are small, two waves in the same physical location don't interact with each other. Thus, for example, two waves moving in the opposite direction simply pass through each other without their shapes ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.355920
2006-08-07T17:59:21
0-195
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:67", "title": "Waves/Interferometers", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wave...
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Waves/Interferometers Interferometers An interferometer is a device which splits a beam of light into two sub-beams, shifts the phase of one sub-beam with respect to the other, and then superimposes the sub-beams so that they interfere constructively or destructively, depending on the magnitude of the phase shift betw...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.356044
2006-08-07T17:59:27
0-196
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:68", "title": "Waves/Thin Films", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/Thi...
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Waves/Thin Films Thin Films Figure 1.14: Plane light wave normally incident on a transparent thin film of thickness $$d$$ and index of refraction $$n > 1$$. Partial reflection occurs at the front surface of the film, resulting in beam A, and at the rear surface, resulting in beam B. Much of the wave passes completely ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.356217
2018-02-06T13:12:51
0-197
{ "authors": [ [ "AmirMenad", "3127385" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:69", "title": "Waves/Derivatives", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/De...
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Waves/Derivatives Math Tutorial -- Derivatives Figure 1.15: Estimation of the derivative, which is the slope of the tangent line. When point B approaches point A, the slope of the line AB approaches the slope of the tangent to the curve at point A. This section provides a quick introduction to the idea of the derivat...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.356376
2009-01-26T06:54:02
0-198
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:70", "title": "Waves/Group Velocity", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/Group_Velocity", "wiki": "wikibooks.com" }
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Waves/Group Velocity Group Velocity We now ask the following question: How fast do wave packets move? Surprisingly, we often find that wave packets move at a speed very different from the phase speed, $$c = \omega /k$$, of the wave composing the wave packet. We shall find that the speed of motion of wave packets, ref...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.356534
2015-03-01T09:03:36
0-200
{ "authors": [ [ "Icternol", "2177678" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:71", "title": "Waves/1D Examples", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/1D_...
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Waves/1D Examples Examples We now illustrate some examples of phase speed and group velocity by showing the displacement resulting from the superposition of two sine waves, as given by equation (1.38), in the $$x$$-$$t$$ plane. This is an example of a spacetime diagram, of which we will see many examples later on. Fi...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.356734
2007-04-10T21:35:43
0-201
{ "authors": [ [ "Az1568", "37227" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:72", "title": "Waves/1D Problems", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves/1D_Prob...
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Waves/1D Problems Problems * 1) Measure your pulse r ate. Compute the ordinary frequency of your heart beat in cycles per second. Compute the angular frequency in radians per second. Compute the period. * 2) An important wavelength for radio waves in radio astronomy is $$21 \mbox{ cm}$$. (This comes from neutral hy...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.357030
2020-05-27T04:15:49
0-202
{ "authors": [ [ "Minorax", "3226541" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:73", "title": "Waves", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Waves", "wiki": "wik...
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Waves The wave is a physical phenomenon that is found in a variety of contexts, a perturbation in the medium. You undoubtedly know about ocean waves and have probably played with a stretched slinky toy, producing undulations which move rapidly along the slinky. Other examples of waves are sound, vibrations in solids, ...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.357721
2018-05-08T03:46:07
0-208
{ "authors": [ [ "DMacks", "94753" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:74", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Methane", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wi...
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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Methane =Methane= << Foundational concepts | Ethane >> Methane, CH4 is the simplest organic molecule. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and is a carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms bonded to it in a tetrahedral shape. This is a flattened, two-dimensional representation of me...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.357861
2018-11-24T18:52:34
0-209
{ "authors": [ [ "NicoScribe", "2568538" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:75", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Ethane", "url": "https://wikibooks.c...
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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Ethane =Ethane= << Methane | Propane thru decane >> Ethane (/ˈɛθeɪn/ or /ˈiːθeɪn/) is a chemical compound, or hydrocarbon with a chemical formula of C2H6. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas, an...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.358239
2018-08-25T12:10:09
0-212
{ "authors": [ [ "Pi zero", "75960" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:76", "title": "Optics", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Optics", "wiki": "wik...
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Optics * Do add new material and examples and make corrections. It all helps. All help is welcome. Optics about this book Contents * /Light/ * /Nature of light/ * /Waves/ * /Evidence for wave properties of light/ * /Evidence for light as a stream of particles/ * /Features of a wave/ * /Propagation of li...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.358376
2016-09-28T08:21:36
4-214
{ "authors": [ [ "Acer", "3029678" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "4", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:77", "title": "Wikibooks:Textbook planning", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wik...
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Wikibooks:Textbook planning Note: See also Wikiversity page for discussion of Wikiversity / WikiU. The following areas were recently suggested in the mailing list as important to resolve in regards to the textbook project. When applicable, list your username to vote for (a) particular opinion(s). (This is a "vote" o...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359086
2017-07-10T20:15:02
0-215
{ "authors": [ [ "Pi zero", "75960" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:78", "title": "Computer Programming/Tools", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Com...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Computer Programming/Tools Wikify Wikify is a program written by Josh Ferguson specifically designed to turn a standard text file into a html/wiki format. It is being used to do the color syntax highlighting for the C++ code in the C++ section of this textbook. Author's Statement: Wikify can not yet wikify itself, du...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359201
2023-10-07T20:09:39
0-217
{ "authors": [ [ "Adolfo Martin Fuentes", "3448540" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:79", "title": "BASIC Programming", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/w...
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BASIC Programming = List of Pages = * 1) Introduction * 2) Normative BASIC * 3) Minimal BASIC (ANS X3.60-1978, ECMA Standard 55) * 4) Full BASIC (ANS X3.113-1987, ECMA Standard 116) * 5) Derivative BASIC * 6) Basics of BASIC * 7) Your First Program * 8) PRINT, CLS, and END * 9) Variables and Data Types * 1...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359315
2022-11-18T13:08:49
0-218
{ "authors": [ [ "Soul windsurfer", "74163" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:80", "title": "Pascal Programming", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Pas...
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Pascal Programming Pascal is an influential computer programming language named after the mathematician Blaise Pascal. It was invented by Niklaus Wirth in 1968 as a research project into the nascent field of compiler theory. The backronym PASCAL standing for primary algorithmic scientific commercial application langua...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359526
2007-09-07T18:35:29
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{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:81", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atom...
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Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Octet rule and exceptions << Filling electron shells | Molecular orbitals >> The octet rule refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in their valence shell. The main exception to the rule is hydrogen, which is at l...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359682
2023-07-04T17:05:38
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{ "authors": [ [ "Ameisenigel", "3231187" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:82", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Ac...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases/Proton donors and acceptors << Acids and bases | Electron donors and acceptors >> The first and earliest definition of acids and bases was proposed in the 1800s by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, who said that an acid was anything that d...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359760
2017-08-19T18:41:26
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{ "authors": [ [ "JackPotte", "99248" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:83", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Molecular orbitals In organic chemistry we look at the hybridization of electron orbitals in to something called molecular orbitals. The s and p orbitals in a carbon atom combine into four hybridized orbitals that repel each other in a sh...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.359841
2021-02-19T09:13:45
1-223
{ "authors": [ [ "Musical Inquisit", "3225102" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:84", "title": "Talk:Calculus/Functions", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/...
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Talk:Calculus/Functions Kids Section The final section about "Algebraic manipulation" is really strange, i think the author must assume that the reader of that advanced topic "Calculus" already have this very basic knowledge introduced in that section. i suggest omitting it to make the book more concise and aiming Wo...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.360416
2024-06-27T02:58:46
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{ "authors": [ [ "Kittycataclysm", "3371989" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:85", "title": "D Programming", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/D_Progr...
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D Programming The goal for this book is to create a complete, free, open-content, well-organized online book for the D programming language. D is a programming language being designed as a successor to C++. Until this page gets better written and more informative, the D home can be found here. Introduction This book...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.360769
2021-03-09T14:45:48
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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Propane thru decane << Ethane | Stereoisomers >> Many more linear alkanes can be formed by adding one additional carbon to the end of a chain of carbons. Ethane is the shortest chain with two carbons but DNA is known to have carbon chains containing millions of linked carbons. Alkanes are n...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.360984
2024-07-11T09:51:12
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{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:87", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkanes", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Organic_Chemistry/Alkanes", "wiki": "wikibooks.c...
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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes Alkanes are the simplest organic molecules, consisting solely of singly-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Alkanes are used as the basis for naming the majority of organic compounds (their nomenclature). Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2. Although their reactivities are often rather u...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362323
2007-09-07T18:35:38
0-230
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:88", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acid...
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Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases/Electron donors and acceptors Proton donors and acceptors >> | Electrophiles and nucleophiles >> The Lewis definition of acids and bases describes an acid as an electron acceptor and a base as an electron donator. << Foundational concepts |...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362395
2007-09-07T18:35:37
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{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:89", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acid...
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Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases/Electrophiles and nucleophiles << Electron donors and acceptors | pKa and acidity >> Electrophiles are "electron-lovers". (The suffix -phile means "lover of", as bibliophile means "lover of books"). Electrophiles seek electrons. Nucleophile...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362455
2020-01-02T18:34:49
0-232
{ "authors": [ [ "Uziel302", "655051" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:90", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids ...
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Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases/PKa and acidity << Electrophiles and nucleophiles | Alkanes >> To measure acid strength of a compound, scientist typically use a quantity called pKa. It is defined as $$ pKa = -log(Ka)$$ where Ka is the acid dissociation constant. Stronger...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362578
2020-04-17T15:59:09
0-233
{ "authors": [ [ "GKFX", "707936" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:91", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Stereoisomers", "url": "https://wikibooks.c...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Stereoisomers Stereoisomer of 2-bromo-3-hexanol = Stereoisomers = Stereoisomers are a type of isomer where the order of the atoms in the two molecules is the same but their arrangement in space is different. To understand this we need to take a look at the ways that organic molecules can a...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362786
2009-08-21T16:46:21
0-234
{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:92", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Places to buy organic chemistry models", "url"...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Places to buy organic chemistry models The links below will search on the named sites for the terms "organic chemistry model kit": * on Google * on Froogle * on Ebay * on Amazon
2024-07-27T16:40:57.362862
2024-01-22T13:37:42
0-237
{ "authors": [ [ "Marbletan", "3347355" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:93", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Cycloalkanes", "url": "https://wikibo...
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Organic Chemistry/Alkanes/Cycloalkanes << Stereoisomers | Two hydrogens for every carbon >> Cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons containing one or more rings. (Alkanes without rings are referred to as aliphatic.) → + H2 Under certain reaction conditions, propane can be transformed into cyclopropane. (H2 comes off as a sid...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.363109
2007-09-07T18:35:51
0-240
{ "authors": [ [ "Whiteknight", "10714" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "0", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:94", "title": "Organic Chemistry/Chirality/Enantiomers", "url": "https://wikib...
wiki/dump/wikibooks.com
Organic Chemistry/Chirality/Enantiomers Enantiomers Main article: Chirality In chemistry, two stereoisomers are said to be enantiomers if they are mirror images of each other. Much as a left and right hand are different but one is the mirror image of the other, enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsup...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.363320
2019-08-01T04:30:05
4-258
{ "authors": [], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "4", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:95", "title": "Wikibooks:Textbook considerations", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Wikibooks:Textbook_considerations", "wik...
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Wikibooks:Textbook considerations The page is intended as a guideline for contributors and editors. As of July, 2003 it is very much a proposal, for editing and update. Textbook Defined A textbook is an organized body of material useful for the formal study of a subject area. A good textbook is distinguished by: * A...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.363631
2017-07-31T12:04:14
1-260
{ "authors": [ [ "Pi zero", "75960" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:96", "title": "Talk:Waves", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wiki/Talk:Waves", "wik...
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Talk:Waves I've added navigation to some of the sub pages here, but before I go ahead and do the rest, is it a good idea to do this? -- Jimregan 16:07 26 Jul 2003 (UTC) Hey Jimregan, I tweaked the navigation of the first subpage on the first chapter. I think the new way is a little bit better, and would like to see a...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.363872
2017-11-14T15:45:00
1-261
{ "authors": [ [ "DPMaid", "1073703" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "1", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:97", "title": "Talk:Calculus/Definite integral", "url": "https://wikibooks.com/wi...
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Talk:Calculus/Definite integral Archive I archived all the topics on this page. Some of the topics may still be relevant, but it is difficult to be sure since the content and organization of this page and the whole book have changed significantly since many of those topics were written. If you are looking for suggesti...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.364487
2010-11-06T22:41:19
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{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "5", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:98", "title": "Wikibooks talk:Textbook considerations", "url": "https://wikiboo...
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Wikibooks talk:Textbook considerations Wow! Nice work. --Maveric149 Interesting linking of textbook layout with mind/cognition layout there. Not too sure about its accuracy, but it makes some nice points. Frankie Roberto 00:13, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)
2024-07-27T16:40:57.364605
2010-11-06T22:41:47
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{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "5", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:99", "title": "Wikibooks talk:Textbook development process", "url": "https://wi...
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Wikibooks talk:Textbook development process My goal for this page was to start what I hope will become out guideline for creating editions, updates, and open texts as collaborative projects. There has been a lot of discussion in the mail list, but most of it intermixes the mechanics with the concepts. The intent now i...
2024-07-27T16:40:57.364760
2010-11-06T22:42:45
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{ "authors": [ [ "Adrignola", "169232" ] ], "license": "Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "namespace": "4", "provenance": "wikimedia-0000.json.gz:100", "title": "Wikibooks:Textbook development process", "url": "https://wikibo...
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Wikibooks:Textbook development process ''This is still very much of a proposed set of Guidelines. As Wikitext gains some experience and material, they will become better organized, more explicit, and clearer. You can help with that process by editing this page.'' - The development and maintenance of a useful textbook ...