diff --git "a/datasets/questions/musique.json" "b/datasets/questions/musique.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/datasets/questions/musique.json" @@ -0,0 +1,41856 @@ +[ + { + "_id": "2hop__203985_524737", + "question": "In what league did Jose Miranda's team compete?", + "answer": "United Soccer League", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Tucson Amigos", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jose Miranda (soccer)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Canadian Football League", + [ + "The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams." + ] + ], + [ + "Sacramento Kings", + [ + "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint Helena", + [ + "Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage", + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League" + ] + ], + [ + "Wes Schulmerich", + [ + "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame." + ] + ], + [ + "Montreal Impact", + [ + "The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name." + ] + ], + [ + "Green Bay Packers", + [ + "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "San Jose Earthquakes", + [ + "The San Jose Earthquakes are an American professional soccer team based in San Jose, California, United States, that competes as a member of the Western Conference of Major League Soccer (MLS). The franchise began play in 1996 (originally as the San Jose Clash) as one of the charter clubs of the league. The Earthquakes took part in the first game in MLS history, defeating D.C. United 1–0. The Earthquakes have won two MLS Cup titles, in 2001 and 2003, and two Supporters' Shields in 2005 and 2012. In 2002, the team played in its first CONCACAF Champions Cup (now called the CONCACAF Champions League), making it to the quarterfinals." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League" + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Liner", + [ + "Tom Liner (born November 27, 1970, in Redwood City, California) is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the Foothill College men’s soccer team. He played two seasons in Major League Soccer with the San Jose Clash as well as in the USISL and lower Austrian divisions." + ] + ], + [ + "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club", + [ + "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson Amigos", + [ + "The Tucson Amigos were a soccer club based in Tucson, Arizona that competed in the SISL, USISL and United Soccer Leagues. Founder of the Tucson Amigos was Dennis Archer a local business owner of the Tucson Amigos Indoor Soccer Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Jose Miranda (soccer)", + [ + "In 1989, Miranda joined the Tucson Amigos for the 1989–90 Southwest Independent Soccer League. He earned Rookie of the Year honors with the Amigos. Miranda graduated from Sunnyside High School. In 1990, Miranda entered Yavapai College where he was a member of the 1990 National Junior College Champions and 1991 National Junior College Runner-Up men’s soccer teams. He then transferred to Sangamon State for the 1992 and 1993 seasons. In 1993, Sangamon State won the NAIA national men's soccer championship. In 1996, Miranda played for the New Mexico Chiles in the USISL Select League. In 1997, he moved to the Arizona Sahuaros of the USISL D-3 Pro League. He broke his leg during the season. This led to his taking the boy’s head coaching position at Sunnyside High School. He returned to playing in 2000 with the Tucson Fireballs. In 2009, Miranda became an assistant coach of the women’s team at Pima Community College." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)" + ] + ], + [ + "Wes Hart", + [ + "Wes Hart (born September 14, 1977, in Hollister, California) is an American soccer coach, and the current head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide women's soccer team. Hart played six season in Major League Soccer as a defender with the Colorado Rapids and San Jose Earthquakes." + ] + ], + [ + "North Carolina", + [ + "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse." + ] + ], + [ + "Kalamazoo Kingdom", + [ + "Kalamazoo Kingdom were an American soccer team, founded in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__77263_84616", + "question": "For what did the singer of Moon River in Breakfast at Tiffany's win a Tony?", + "answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Moon River", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Some Enchanted Evening", + [ + "In the original Broadway production, ``Some Enchanted Evening ''was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera. In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival." + ] + ], + [ + "Charles Lewis Tiffany", + [ + "Charles Lewis Tiffany (February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) was a nineteenth century leader in the American jewelry trade and founded New York City's Tiffany & Co. in 1837. Known for his jewelry expertise, Tiffany created the country's first retail catalog and introduced the English standard of sterling silver in imported jewelry in 1851." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiffany Blue", + [ + "Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's \"Blue Book\", first published in 1845. Since then, Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags." + ] + ], + [ + "Newstead House, Brisbane", + [ + "Newstead House is Brisbane's oldest surviving residence and is located on the Breakfast Creek bank of the Brisbane River, in the northern Brisbane suburb of Newstead, in Queensland, Australia. Built as a small cottage in the Colonial-Georgian style in 1846, the cottage was extended and today is painted and furnished in a late Victorian style." + ] + ], + [ + "Stein Endresen", + [ + "At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen. However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen." + ] + ], + [ + "Seed of Chucky", + [ + "Brad Dourif as the voice of Chucky Jennifer Tilly as herself / the voice of Tiffany Billy Boyd as the voice of Glen Beans El - Balawi as Human Glen Kristina Hewitt as Human Glenda Redman as himself Hannah Spearritt as Joan John Waters as Pete Peters Jason Flemyng as himself / Santa Steve Lawton as Stan Tony Gardner as himself Rebecca Santos as Fulvia Keith - Lee Castle as Bill ``Psychs ''Sykes Paul Grossman as Little Boy Simon James Morgan as Richard Stephanie Chambers as Claudia's mom Betty Simons - Denville as Claudia" + ] + ], + [ + "Tiffany Stiegler", + [ + "Tiffany Stiegler (born January 14, 1984) is an American figure skater who competed in both pair skating and ice dancing. Competing in pairs with her brother Johnnie Stiegler, she won the bronze medal at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice and placed fourth at the 1999 World Junior Championships." + ] + ], + [ + "Breakfast Creek", + [ + "The Breakfast Creek (Aboriginal: Barrambin) is a small urban stream that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Breakfast at Tiffany's (song)", + [ + "``Breakfast at Tiffany's ''Single by Deep Blue Something from the album 11th Song and Home Released July 4, 1995 Format CD single, music cassette Recorded Genre Alternative rock, pop rock, jangle pop Length 4: 16 Label Interscope Songwriter (s) Todd Pipes Producer (s) David Castell Deep Blue Something singles chronology`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)`` Breakfast at Tiffany's'' (1995) ``Halo ''(1996)" + ] + ], + [ + "Julie Goodwin", + [ + "Julie Goodwin (born 31 October 1970) is an Australian chef, author, radio and television presenter who came to public attention when she won the inaugural season of MasterChef Australia in 2009, defeating artist Poh Ling Yeow in the final. Goodwin hosts the breakfast show on Star 104.5 on the Central Coast (New South Wales)." + ] + ], + [ + "History of McDonald's", + [ + "The company pioneered breakfast fast food with the introduction of the Egg McMuffin in 1972 when market research indicated that a quick breakfast would be welcomed by consumers. Five years later McDonald's added a full breakfast line to the menu, and by 1987 one - fourth of all breakfasts eaten out in the United States came from McDonald's restaurants. In test market locations, such as New York City, McDonald's added a full breakfast line to its menus in 1975." + ] + ], + [ + "West Side Story", + [ + "Doc relates the news to Tony, who has been dreaming of heading to the countryside to have children with Maria. Feeling there is no longer anything to live for, Tony leaves to find Chino, begging for him to shoot him as well. Just as Tony sees Maria alive, Chino arrives and shoots Tony. The Jets, Sharks, and adults flock around the lovers. Maria holds Tony in her arms (and sings a quiet, brief reprise of ``Somewhere '') as he dies. Angry at the death of another friend, the Jets move towards the Sharks but Maria takes Chino's gun and tells everyone that`` all of (them)'' killed Tony and the others because of their hate for each other, and, ``Now I can kill too, because now I have hate! ''she yells. However, she is unable to bring herself to fire the gun and drops it, crying in grief. Gradually, all the members of both gangs assemble on either side of Tony's body, showing that the feud is over. The Jets and Sharks form a procession, and together carry Tony away, with Maria the last one in the procession." + ] + ], + [ + "Moon River", + [ + "``Moon River ''is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year." + ] + ], + [ + "Sing for Your Supper", + [ + "\"Sing for Your Supper\" is an American popular song by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Lorenz Hart. The song debuted in their 1938 Broadway musical \"The Boys from Syracuse\" where it was done as a trio, with Muriel Angelus, Marcy Westcott, and Wynn Murray performing an arrangement specially created for the production by Hugh Martin. The lyrics describe a singer performing to earn her meals: \"Sing for your supper, /And you'll get breakfast./Songbirds always eat/If their song is sweet to hear.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", + [ + "Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Daybreak Northern Ireland", + [ + "Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously \"GMTV Northern Ireland\") was the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast." + ] + ], + [ + "Near the Rainbow's End", + [ + "Near the Rainbow's End is a 1930 American western directed by J. P. McGowan for Tiffany Productions. The film stars Bob Steele in his talking picture debut as a singing cowboy, Lafe McKee and Al Ferguson and was commercially released in the United States on 10 June 1930." + ] + ], + [ + "Danny Williams (singer)", + [ + "Danny Williams (7 January 1942 -- 6 December 2005) was a British, South African - born pop singer. who earned the nickname, ``Britain's Johnny Mathis '', for his smooth and stylish way with a ballad. He is best known for singing his UK number 1 version of`` Moon River'' in 1961 and his US top ten hit, ``White on White ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiffany Lam", + [ + "Tiffany Lam or Tiffany Lam Man Lei (, born 25 October 1980) is a former beauty queen from San Francisco. She held the title of Miss Hong Kong 2002 and Miss Chinese International 2003 runner up." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiffany Memorandum", + [ + "Tiffany Memorandum (also known as \"The Tiffany Memorandum\") is a 1967 Eurospy film directed by Sergio Grieco. It is an international co-production between Italy, France (where the film is known as \"Coup de force à Berlin\") and West Germany (where it was released as \"Komm Gorilla, schlag zu!\"). The film is set in Berlin." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__827940_277334", + "question": "Which child of the author of One More Time helped adapt it into a play?", + "answer": "Carrie Hamilton", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "One More Time (book)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hollywood Arms", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Christopher Robin Milne", + [ + "Christopher Robin Milne (21 August 1920 – 20 April 1996) was an English bookseller and the only son of author A. A. Milne. As a child, he was the basis of the character Christopher Robin in his father's Winnie-the-Pooh stories and in two books of poems." + ] + ], + [ + "Bejaratana", + [ + "Princess Bejaratana was born on 24 November 1925 in the Royal Grand Palace, Bangkok, the only child of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) and Princess Suvadhana. Having seen his daughter only one time, the king died the following day. Her uncle, who became King Prajadhipok (Rama VII), performed the naming ceremony for the princess on 30 December." + ] + ], + [ + "Meir Atlas", + [ + "Meir Atlas (; 1848–1926) was the rabbi of numerous communities in pre-World War II Europe and one of the founders of the Telz Yeshiva. He was an outstanding halachic authority who authored many responsa and was one of the foremost Lithuanian rabbis of his time." + ] + ], + [ + "Merla Zellerbach", + [ + "Merla Zellerbach, née Myrle Carmel Burstein, was born in San Francisco in 1930, the daughter of Rabbi Elliot M. and Lottie Burstein. While attending Stanford University, she met and soon thereafter married Stephen Zellerbach. They had one child, son Gary. Her literary, civic and philanthropic work began at the time of her first marriage. By the time of her death on December 26, 2014, she authored 13 well reviewed novels and five self-help medical books, was a panelist for six years on the ABC TV show Oh My Word, and a columnist for the \"San Francisco Chronicle\". Subsequently, she was Editor of the \"Nob Hill Gazette\" for twelve years. Charities she supported and/or worked for included Compassion and Choices, the Coalition on Homelessness San Francisco, the Kidney Foundation, and a dozen more." + ] + ], + [ + "One More Time (book)", + [ + "One More Time is a memoir by comedian Carol Burnett. It was published by Random House in 1986 and became a \"New York Times\" non-fiction bestseller." + ] + ], + [ + "Howard Lederer", + [ + "Lederer was born in 1964 in Concord, New Hampshire and was introduced to card games at a young age by his family. As a child, Lederer's father also taught him to play chess. As a teenager, Lederer developed an interest in playing the game competitively. Lederer's sister, Annie Duke, is also a professional poker player. His father, Richard Lederer, is an author, linguist and a former educator at St. Paul's School. His other sister, Katy Lederer, is also an author." + ] + ], + [ + "One-child policy", + [ + "The one - child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out near the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. The policy was only enforced on Han Chinese and allowed exceptions for many groups, including ethnic minorities. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction, with an additional 53% being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl. Provincial governments imposed fines for violations, and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work." + ] + ], + [ + "International Day of the Girl Child", + [ + "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of Girls Type International Significance Raising awareness of issues facing girls internationally, such as education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012" + ] + ], + [ + "Child labour", + [ + "In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, \"it is a way to save these children from a worse fate.\" Christian mission schools in regions stretching from Zambia to Nigeria too required work from children, and in exchange provided religious education, not secular education. Elsewhere, the Canadian Dominion Statutes in form of so-called Breaches of Contract Act, stipulated jail terms for uncooperative child workers." + ] + ], + [ + "Joshua Waitzkin", + [ + "Joshua Waitzkin (born December 4, 1976) is an American chess player, martial arts competitor, and author. As a child, he was recognized as a prodigy, and won the U.S. Junior Chess championship in 1993 and 1994. The film \"Searching for Bobby Fischer\" is based on his early life." + ] + ], + [ + "Hollywood Arms", + [ + "Hollywood Arms is a play by Carrie Hamilton and Carol Burnett. It ran at the Goodman Theatre and on Broadway in 2002. The play is adapted from Carol Burnett's memoir \"One More Time\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Child labour", + [ + "A variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a large number of children being illegally employed, the Indian government began to take extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children." + ] + ], + [ + "Christmas Child", + [ + "Christmas Child is a 2004 American Christian film directed by William Ewing starring Steven Curtis Chapman. The film is based on \"The Christmas Cross\", a short story by Max Lucado repackaged in 2003 as \"The Christmas Child: A Story of Coming Home\", and is a story about a Chicago journalist who finds himself in Clearwater, Texas around Christmas time to discover his past." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \"Crazy in Love\" and \"Baby Boy\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Toddler", + [ + "A toddler is a child 12 to 36 months old. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from ``to toddle '', which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age." + ] + ], + [ + "International Day of the Girl Child", + [ + "International Day of the Girl Child Also called International Day of the Girl, Day of the Girl Type International Significance Raise awareness of issues facing girls internationally surrounding education, nutrition, child marriage, legal and medical rights Date 11 October Frequency annual First time 11 October 2012" + ] + ], + [ + "A Child's Garden of Verses", + [ + "A Child's Garden of Verses is a collection of poetry for children about childhood, illness, play and solitude by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. The collection first appeared in 1885 under the title Penny Whistles, but has been reprinted many times, often in illustrated versions. It contains about 65 poems including the cherished classics ``Foreign Children, ''`` The Lamplighter,'' ``The Land of Counterpane, ''`` Bed in Summer,'' ``My Shadow ''and`` The Swing.''" + ] + ], + [ + "One-child policy", + [ + "The one - child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 and began to be formally phased out in 2015. The policy allowed exceptions for many groups, including ethnic minorities. In 2007, 36% of China's population was subject to a strict one - child restriction, with an additional 53% being allowed to have a second child if the first child was a girl. Provincial governments imposed fines for violations, and the local and national governments created commissions to raise awareness and carry out registration and inspection work." + ] + ], + [ + "Abdullah Khadr", + [ + "Abdullah Khadr was born in 1981 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada as the second child and first son to Ahmed Khadr and his wife Maha el-Samnah, while his father was still in graduate school in computer science. As a child, Abdullah claimed his vision of Jannah (paradise) involved fast cars. He was the oldest of five boys, and had two sisters, one older and one much younger." + ] + ], + [ + "Henry de Monfreid", + [ + "Henry de Monfreid (14 November 1879 in Leucate – 13 December 1974) was a French adventurer and author. Born in Leucate, Aude, France, he was the son of artist painter Georges-Daniel de Monfreid and knew Paul Gauguin as a child." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__30905_213732", + "question": "Who is the child of the person who sponsored the resolution to reopen trade with Vietnam, along with Kerry?", + "answer": "Meghan McCain", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics", + 0 + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics", + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics is a 2010 political memoir written by Meghan McCain, the daughter of Republican Senator John McCain, about the 2008 United States presidential election." + ] + ], + [ + "Videotelephony", + [ + "In May 2005, the first high definition video conferencing systems, produced by LifeSize Communications, were displayed at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada, able to provide video at 30 frames per second with a 1280 by 720 display resolution. Polycom introduced its first high definition video conferencing system to the market in 2006. As of the 2010s, high definition resolution for videoconferencing became a popular feature, with most major suppliers in the videoconferencing market offering it." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "Kerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was \"no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia.\" In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Patriot Day", + [ + "A bill to make September 11 a national day of mourning was introduced in the U.S. House on October 25, 2001, by Rep. Vito Fossella (R - NY) with 22 co-sponsors, among them 11 Democrats and 11 Republicans. The bill requested that the President designate September 11 of each year as Patriot Day. Joint Resolution 71 passed the House by a vote of 407 -- 0, with 25 members not voting. The bill passed the Senate unanimously on November 30. President Bush signed the resolution into law on December 18 as Pub. L. 107 -- 89. On September 4, 2002, President Bush used the authority of the resolution to proclaim September 11, 2002, as the first Patriot Day." + ] + ], + [ + "Museum of Trade Ceramics", + [ + "The Museum of Trade Ceramics is located in Hoi An, central Vietnam. It is a museum showcasing the origins and history of the town and the region in the context of historic trade and relationships with foreign nations such as China, India, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. The building housing the museum is itself an attractively restored traditional wooden house of Hoi An's old quarter, which, on account of design similarity and a historically significant local Japanese trading community, is likened to those of Kyoto." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert R. Garwood", + [ + "Often cited as the last verified American POW from the Vietnam War, Garwood was taken to North Vietnam in 1969, and reportedly was released in 1973 along with the other American POWs. However, he did not return to the United States until March 22, 1979." + ] + ], + [ + "Derrynane GAA", + [ + "Derrynane are a Gaelic Athletic Association club from County Kerry, Ireland. The club is a member of the South Kerry division of Kerry GAA. The club fields teams in Gaelic football only, as no hurling is played in that region. It is a participant in the South Kerry Senior Football Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "Listry GAA", + [ + "Listry GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in Kerry, Ireland. The club is based in the east of Kerry just outside Killarney. It is a single sport club - it fields teams in Gaelic football only. The club plays in Div 2 of the county league and in East Kerry Leagues and Championships. Listrys success in recent years is mainly due to former Kerry minor and linchpin of the attack Donagh O'Regan." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth of York", + [ + "Elizabeth of York was born at the Palace of Westminster as the eldest child of King Edward IV and his wife, Elizabeth Woodville. Her christening was celebrated at Westminster Abbey, sponsored by her grandmothers, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford, and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York. Her third sponsor was her cousin Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick." + ] + ], + [ + "Museum of the Moscow Railway (Paveletskaya station)", + [ + "The Museum of the Moscow Railway is situated next to Paveletsky Rail Terminal in Moscow. The museum reopened to private visitors in 2011 and it reopened to the general public in January 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Helen Curtin Moskey", + [ + "Her experiences as the child of an Irish immigrant mother; her extended stays at the family ancestral home at Muingaphuca, Caragh Lake, County Kerry; and her experience as a mid-century American woman who raised five children through the intense social transformation of American life from the post-war era to the 1970s, were powerful influences on the tone, style, and subject matter of her poetry." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America \"stronger at home and more respected in the world.\" Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, \"I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty.\" He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, \"the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom\", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a \"flip-flopper.\" This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be \"uncertain in the face of danger.\" Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a \"Massachusetts liberal\" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was \"Stronger at home, respected in the world.\" This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy." + ] + ], + [ + "APEC Vietnam 2006", + [ + "APEC Vietnam 2006 was a series of political meetings held around Vietnam between the 21 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation during 2006. Various meetings were held across Vietnam in 2006. Leaders from all the member countries met from 18 to 19 November 2006 in Hanoi. Notable objectives that APEC Vietnam 2006 aimed to achieve included advancing free trade and investments, enhancing human security and building stronger societies and a more dynamic and harmonious community. The theme surrounding this APEC meeting was towards a dynamic community for sustainable development and prosperity." + ] + ], + [ + "The Times", + [ + "The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the \"The Times\" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "Most analyses place Kerry's voting record on the left within the Senate Democratic caucus. During the 2004 presidential election he was portrayed as a staunch liberal by conservative groups and the Bush campaign, who often noted that in 2003 Kerry was rated the National Journal's top Senate liberal. However, that rating was based only upon voting on legislation within that past year. In fact, in terms of career voting records, the National Journal found that Kerry is the 11th most liberal member of the Senate. Most analyses find that Kerry is at least slightly more liberal than the typical Democratic Senator. Kerry has stated that he opposes privatizing Social Security, supports abortion rights for adult women and minors, supports same-sex marriage, opposes capital punishment except for terrorists, supports most gun control laws, and is generally a supporter of trade agreements. Kerry supported the North American Free Trade Agreement and Most Favored Nation status for China, but opposed the Central American Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Stack's Mountains", + [ + "The Stack's Mountains are a mountain range about seven kilometres northeast of Tralee, along the N69 road in County Kerry in Ireland." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a \"Swift boat.\" These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed. \"I didn't really want to get involved in the war\", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986. \"When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war. They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing.\" However, his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat, or \"PBR\", which at the time was serving a more dangerous duty on the rivers of Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW). Then numbering about 20,000, VVAW was considered by some (including the administration of President Richard Nixon) to be an effective, if controversial, component of the antiwar movement. Kerry participated in the \"Winter Soldier Investigation\" conducted by VVAW of U.S. atrocities in Vietnam, and he appears in a film by that name that documents the investigation. According to Nixon Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, \"I didn't approve of what he did, but I understood the protesters quite well\", and he declined two requests from the Navy to court martial Reserve Lieutenant Kerry over his antiwar activity." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__864201_80026", + "question": "Who played the character with the same name as the Volcano Girls performer in Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory?", + "answer": "Julie Dawn Cole", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + 0 + ], + [ + "Volcano Girls", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Noomi Rapace", + [ + "Noomi Rapace (Swedish pronunciation: (ˈnuːmɪ raˈpasː) (listen); née Norén; born 28 December 1979) is a Swedish actress. She achieved fame with her portrayal of Lisbeth Salander in the Swedish film adaptations of the Millennium series: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire, and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest. In 2011, she was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and is along with four other contest winners, subsequently led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy family film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work Dahl's screenplay against his wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "The character was played by David Kelly in the 2005 film adaptation, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Veteran actor Gregory Peck was originally selected to play the role, but he died in 2003 before filming began. This version of the character is written as more calm than the 1971 version. An original backstory to Grandpa Joe's past was added to Tim Burton's film, wherein it is said that Joe worked for Wonka until the latter fired all his workers from his factory due to constant corporate espionage by rival confectionery manufacturers. When he returns to the factory with Charlie for the tour, Wonka asks if he was a spy working for a competing factory before he humbly welcomes him back." + ] + ], + [ + "Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Chocolate Factory is the fifth solo album by American recording artist R. Kelly, released on February 18, 2003 by Jive Records. Recording sessions took place mainly at Rockland Studios and Chicago Recording Company in Chicago, Illinois, and the album was primarily written, arranged, and produced by R. Kelly. \"Chocolate Factory\" was conceived by Kelly amid controversy over his sex scandal at the time." + ] + ], + [ + "Union Mill Complex", + [ + "The Union Mill Complex, (also Bischoff's Chocolate Factory), is located at the junction of Milton Avenue (NY 50) and Prospect Street in Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is a complex of three late 19th-century brick buildings on a 4-acre (1.6 ha) lot, and the ruins of a dam." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Stuart Produced by Stan Margulies David L. Wolper Screenplay by Roald Dahl Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Gene Wilder Jack Albertson Peter Ostrum Roy Kinnear Julie Dawn Cole Leonard Stone Denise Nickerson Dodo Denney Paris Themmen Music by Leslie Bricusse Anthony Newley Walter Scharf Cinematography Arthur Ibbetson Edited by David Saxon Production company Wolper Pictures The Quaker Oats Company Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date June 30, 1971 (1971 - 06 - 30) (United States) Running time 99 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $3 million Box office $4 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ ˈoʊstrəm /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress who has been active for some 40 years. She began as a child performer in what remains her best - remembered film, 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing the spoiled Veruca Salt. She has two children." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and, along with four other contest winners, is led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Del LaGrace Volcano", + [ + "Del LaGrace Volcano (born July 26th, 1957) is a genderqueer artist, performer, and activist from California. A formally trained photographer, Del's work includes installation, performance and film and interrogates the performance of gender on several levels, especially the performance of masculinity and femininity." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "One day, Charlie sees a fifty - pence coin (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow. He then buys himself a Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket and shows it to his parents. The ticket says he can bring any family members with him to the factory and Charlie's parents decide to allow Grandpa Joe to go with him." + ] + ], + [ + "Celesta", + [ + "The celesta has been common in cinema for decades. In addition to supplementing numerous soundtrack orchestrations for films of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, the celesta has occasionally been spotlighted to invoke a whimsical air. For example, in Pinocchio (1940), a small motif on the celesta is used whenever the Blue Fairy appears out of thin air or performs magic. Celesta also provides the signature opening of Pure Imagination, a song (sung by Gene Wilder) from the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. Composer John Williams's scores for the first three Harry Potter films feature the instrument, particularly in the first two films' frequent statements of ``Hedwig's Theme ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (soundtrack)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Tim Burton's 2005 film of the same name. The film's music was composed by Danny Elfman who also provided vocals for the songs." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "Violet Beauregarde Charlie and the Chocolate Factory character First appearance Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Created by Roald Dahl Portrayed by Denise Nickerson (1971) AnnaSophia Robb (2005) Voiced by AnnaSophia Robb (2005 video game) Dallas Lovato (Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory) Information Gender Female Family Ginger Beauregarde (mother) Sam Beauregarde (father) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Roy Kinnear", + [ + "Roy Mitchell Kinnear (8 January 1934 -- 20 September 1988) was an English actor. He is known for his roles in films directed by Richard Lester; including Algernon in Help! (1965); Clapper in How I Won the War (1967); and Planchet in The Three Musketeers (1973), reprising the latter role in the 1974 and 1989 sequels. He is also known for playing Henry Salt in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "Veruca Salt is a greedy, demanding, manipulative and stingy brat. She demands every single thing she wants (and more), the second person to find a Golden Ticket, the third eliminated from the tour. A selfish, rotten brat who shows her wealthy family no mercy and has absolutely no regard for other people's property, Veruca frequently pesters her parents to purchase a variety of different objects for her. In the 2005 film, it is revealed that she owns a pony, two dogs, four cats, six rabbits, two parakeets, three canaries, a parrot, a turtle, and a hamster, totalling up to 21 pets. But when she interferes with the trained squirrels used by Willy Wonka to select the best nuts to bake into chocolate bars, she is judged as a ``bad nut ''by the squirrels and discarded into the adjacent 'garbage chute' and her parents follow. All three are later seen leaving the factory`` covered in garbage''. Her nationality was never specified in Dahl's novel, but she hails from an upper - class family in the United Kingdom in both films." + ] + ], + [ + "Volcano Girls", + [ + "\"Volcano Girls\" is a single by the American alternative rock band Veruca Salt, released in 1997 on their album \"Eight Arms to Hold You\". It was written by Nina Gordon who also sang lead vocals, with Louise Post performing backup vocals. This song was used at the beginning of the dark comedy movie \"Jawbreaker\", released in 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "Valentine's Day", + [ + "In Japan, Morozoff Ltd. introduced the holiday for the first time in 1936, when it ran an advertisement aimed at foreigners. Later, in 1953, it began promoting the giving of heart-shaped chocolates; other Japanese confectionery companies followed suit thereafter. In 1958, the Isetan department store ran a \"Valentine sale\". Further campaigns during the 1960s popularized the custom.The custom that only women give chocolates to men may have originated from the translation error of a chocolate-company executive during the initial campaigns. In particular, office ladies give chocolate to their co-workers. Unlike western countries, gifts such as greeting cards, candies, flowers, or dinner dates are uncommon, and most of the gifts-related activity is about giving the right amount of chocolate to each person. Japanese chocolate companies make half their annual sales during this time of the year.Many women feel obliged to give chocolates to all male co-workers, except when the day falls on a Sunday, a holiday. This is known as giri-choko (義理チョコ), from giri (\"obligation\") and choko, (\"chocolate\"), with unpopular co-workers receiving only \"ultra-obligatory\" chō-giri choko cheap chocolate. This contrasts with honmei-choko (本命チョコ, lit. \"true feeling chocolate\"), chocolate given to a loved one. Friends, especially girls, may exchange chocolate referred to as tomo-choko (友チョコ); from tomo meaning \"friend\".In the 1980s, the Japanese National Confectionery Industry Association launched a successful campaign to make March 14 a \"reply day\", where men are expected to return the favour to those who gave them chocolates on Valentine's Day, calling it White Day for the color of the chocolates being offered. A previous failed attempt to popularize this celebration had been done by a marshmallow manufacturer who wanted men to return marshmallows to women.In Japan, the romantic \"date night\" associated to Valentine's Day is celebrated on Christmas Eve." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__542569_87295", + "question": "Who does the performer of A Spoonful of Sugar play in Princess Diaries?", + "answer": "Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Princess Diaries (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Spoonful of Sugar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Alfonso Ribeiro", + [ + "Alfonso Lincoln Ribeiro Sr. (born September 21, 1971) is an American actor, television director, dancer, and show host. Ribeiro played Alfonso Spears on the sitcom Silver Spoons, and Carlton Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel - Air. He currently hosts ABC's America's Funniest Home Videos, taking over from Tom Bergeron who left after fifteen years." + ] + ], + [ + "Bejaratana", + [ + "Princess Bejaratana was born on 24 November 1925 in the Royal Grand Palace, Bangkok, the only child of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) and Princess Suvadhana. Having seen his daughter only one time, the king died the following day. Her uncle, who became King Prajadhipok (Rama VII), performed the naming ceremony for the princess on 30 December." + ] + ], + [ + "The Princess Diaries (film)", + [ + "The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman." + ] + ], + [ + "Gridlock'd", + [ + "Set in Detroit, \"Gridlock'd\" centers around heroin addicts Spoon (Tupac Shakur), Stretch (Tim Roth) and Cookie (Thandie Newton). They are in a band – in the spoken word genre – called Eight Mile Road, with Cookie on vocals, Spoon on bass guitar (plus secondary vocals) and Stretch on piano. Spoon and Stretch decide to kick their habit after Cookie overdoses on her first hit. Throughout a disastrous day, the two addicts dodge police and local criminals while struggling with an apathetic government bureaucracy that thwarts their entrance to a rehabilitation program." + ] + ], + [ + "Phantasia Forever", + [ + "\"Phantasia Forever\" is a song written and recorded by Belgian acid house musician Praga Khan. It was featured on A Spoonful of Miracle and Conquers Your Love." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others." + ] + ], + [ + "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)", + [ + "Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as DOAWK, Diary of a Wimpy Kid 1 or Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American live - action / animated comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series, and was followed by three sequels, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011), Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (2012) and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (2017). The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments. The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox." + ] + ], + [ + "List of VFL/AFL wooden spoons", + [ + "St Kilda has won the most wooden spoons of any existing AFL team, with 27; its most recent wooden spoon was in 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Hannes Coetzee", + [ + "Hannes Coetzee (born 1944) is a guitarist from the Karoo region in South Africa. He is mainly known for his unique playing technique using a spoon in his mouth to play slide guitar. This playing technique is called 'optel and knyp', which roughly translates to \"pick and pinch\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Crusha", + [ + "Crusha is a brand of milkshake mix, sold in the United Kingdom and Australia. The brand first appeared in the 1950s, and was bought by British Sugar. In December 2001, it came under the \"Silver Spoon\" brand. Crusha is often the milkshake of choice in cafés. However, it is also sold in shops, for home mixing in bottles, of from 250ml to 1l in size." + ] + ], + [ + "A Spoonful of Sugar", + [ + "It is an uptempo song sung by Mary Poppins (Julie Andrews), instructing the two children, Jane (Karen Dotrice) and Michael (Matthew Garber) to clean their room. But even though the task is daunting, with a good attitude, it can still be fun. The melody is heard throughout the film as Mary's leitmotif. As part of the interlude, she sees that Michael couldn't get out of the closet doors that open and close rapidly." + ] + ], + [ + "All by Myself", + [ + "The 2001 motion picture Bridget Jones's Diary featured a cover version performed by Jamie O'Neal showing actress Renée Zellweger singing to it in the famous pajamas scene. This track is also played over the other Bridget Jones's Films Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (film) and Bridget Jones's Baby." + ] + ], + [ + "Sugar cubes", + [ + "Sugar, shaped in cubes usually measuring about 4 grams (3 / 4 tsp) each, often used for coffee or tea. Sugar cubes can be created to look roughly the same size but contain reduced sugar content through a special production process. Additionally, they can contain a blend of acesulfame K and sugar, or a blend of acesulfame K, sugar, and aspartame." + ] + ], + [ + "The Dish & the Spoon", + [ + "The Dish & the Spoon is a 2011 American film directed by Alison Bagnall, starring Greta Gerwig, Olly Alexander, Eleonore Hendricks and Amy Seimetz." + ] + ], + [ + "The Diary of a Young Girl", + [ + "The Diary of a Young Girl, also known as The Diary of Anne Frank, is a book of the writings from the Dutch language diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. The family was apprehended in 1944, and Anne Frank died of typhus in the Bergen - Belsen concentration camp in 1945. The diary was retrieved by Miep Gies, who gave it to Anne's father, Otto Frank, the family's only known survivor, just after the war was over. The diary has since been published in more than 60 languages." + ] + ], + [ + "Festklänge (Liszt)", + [ + "Festklänge, S. 101, is the seventh symphonic poem by Franz Liszt. Written in 1853 during Liszt's time in Weimar, it was first performed on 9 November 1854 and was published in 1857. The German title means \"festive sounds\", and Liszt had intended the piece to be played at his wedding to Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Sarandon", + [ + "Christopher Sarandon Jr. (/ səˈrændən /; born July 24, 1942) is an American actor. He is known best for playing Prince Humperdinck in the movie The Princess Bride, the vampire Jerry Dandrige in Fright Night, Detective Mike Norris in Child's Play (1988), and for providing the speaking voice of Jack Skellington in The Nightmare Before Christmas. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Leon Shermer in Dog Day Afternoon." + ] + ], + [ + "Sugar packet", + [ + "A typical sugar packet in the United States contains 2 to 4 grams of sugar. Some sugar packets in countries such as Poland contain 5 to 10 grams of sugar. Sugar packet sizes, shapes, and weights differ throughout different areas of the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Rick Cosnett", + [ + "Richard James Cosnett (born 6 April 1983) is a Zimbabwean - Australian actor. He is known for playing the roles of Wes Maxfield in The Vampire Diaries, Elias Harper in Quantico and Eddie Thawne in The Flash. He is a cousin of Hugh Grant." + ] + ], + [ + "Ian Somerhalder", + [ + "Ian Joseph Somerhalder (born December 8, 1978) is an American actor, model and director. He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost and Damon Salvatore in The CW's supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__580231_162399", + "question": "When did the father of Dahyabhai Patel die?", + "answer": "15 December 1950", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dahyabhai Patel", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ek Hota Vidushak", + [ + "Ek Hota Vidushak (, ) is a 1992 Marathi film directed by Jabbar Patel and produced by National Film Development Corporation of India. The film stars Laxmikant Berde, Madhu Kambikar, Nilu Phule, Varsha Usgaonkar in lead roles and Mohan Agashe and Dilip Prabhavalkar in supporting roles." + ] + ], + [ + "Die Oliver Pocher Show", + [ + "Die Oliver Pocher Show was a late-night show with Oliver Pocher shown by Sat.1 in Germany on Fridays. The show is a mix of late-night comedy and personality. Each broadcast begins with stand-up comedy. There are generally two celebrity guests. During the first season, Pocher's father Gerard frequently appeared on the show as a sidekick." + ] + ], + [ + "Yeh Hai Jalwa", + [ + "Yeh Hai Jalwa (, \"This Is Magic\") is a 2002 Bollywood comedy film directed by David Dhawan. It stars Salman Khan and Amisha Patel in lead roles, with Kader Khan, Rati Agnihotri, Rishi Kapoor, Anupam Kher, Rinke Khanna and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles." + ] + ], + [ + "How Death Came to Earth", + [ + "How Death Came to Earth is a 14-minute cutout animation film by Ishu Patel produced in 1971 by the National Film Board of Canada. The film deals with an Indian myth of creation, and is notable for its trippy visual style." + ] + ], + [ + "List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India", + [ + "The inaugural officeholder was the British banker Osborne Smith, while C.D. Deshmukh was the first Indian governor. The position is currently held by Urjit Patel, who took over from Raghuram Rajan on 4 September 2016. j" + ] + ], + [ + "Hardik Patel", + [ + "Hardik Patel was born on 20 July 1993 in a Gujarati Patel family to Bharat and Usha Patel. In 2004, his parents moved to Viramgam. Hardik studied from Class VI to Class VIII at Divya Jyot School in Viramgam, before moving to K B Shah Vinay Mandir, where he studied until Class XII. He was a poor student and a cricket enthusiast." + ] + ], + [ + "Bardoli Satyagraha", + [ + "The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement." + ] + ], + [ + "The Woman in the Advocate's Gown", + [ + "The Woman in the Advocate's Gown (German: Die Frau im Talar) is a 1929 Norwegian-German silent drama film directed by Adolf Trotz and starring Aud Egede-Nissen, Paul Richter and Fritz Kortner. A female lawyer commits suicide after discovering the forgery case she is prosecuting had been committed by her own father." + ] + ], + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel", + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement." + ] + ], + [ + "Ketan Mehta", + [ + "Born in Navsari in Gujarat, Ketan Mehta did his schooling from Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Delhi and later graduated in film direction from Film and Television Institute of India, Pune." + ] + ], + [ + "Jantar-Mantar", + [ + "Jantar-Mantar is a public art work by sculptor Narendra Patel, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (UWM) on the east side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin." + ] + ], + [ + "Ahron Daum", + [ + "Die Feiertage Israels, Die jüdischen Feiertage in er Sicht der Tradition (Herchen Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, vol. I, 1993, p. 556, vol. II, 1994, p. 557)" + ] + ], + [ + "Dahyabhai Patel", + [ + "Dahyabhai Patel (1906–1973) was the son of Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an and later a member of the Parliament of India. Educated in Bombay, Dahyabhai Patel graduated from the Gujarat Vidyapith and began working for an insurance company, and settled in Bombay. His first wife Yashoda died, leaving him his son Bipin. He later married Bhanumati and had another son, Gautam. His flat on Sandhurst Road and later Prabhadevi in Bombay was the frequent residence of Sardar Patel. Although primarily a businessman, Patel participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944." + ] + ], + [ + "Vadeli", + [ + "Vadeli is a small village in Borsad taluka, Anand district, Gujarat, India. It is located around 8 km from Borsad. It is surrounded by the fertile Charotar region which largely produces tobacco, rice, cotton, lady finger, Tomato, Potato and other agricultural crops. THAKOR owns the majority of business, majority of Patels are from 60 house community that dominates Amul Sahkari Madali Milk Dairy and Patel bazar. Other major communities are Darbar, Thakor, Brahmins and Christians. Gandhiji passed through Vadeli Patiya in Dandi March satyagrah, Borsad satyagraha." + ] + ], + [ + "Bakor Patel", + [ + "Bakor Patel is children's literature character created by Hariprasad Vyas for funny animal stories published by \"Gandiv\", a children's biweekly in Gujarati language published by Gandiv Sahitya Mandir, Surat, Gujarat, India. The humorous stories about Bakor Patel written by Vyas which first appeared in 1936 and continued till 1955. The stories include other anthropomorphic characters including his wife, Shakri Patlani. The stories were accompanied with an illustration and title printed in typical typography which were drawn by two Surat based artist brothers, Tansukh and Mansukh. The character became the icon of Gujarati children's literature and was adapted into a children's play." + ] + ], + [ + "Samna (film)", + [ + "Samna is a 1974 Marathi-language crime drama directed by Jabbar Patel. It was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Bholabhai Patel", + [ + "Bholabhai Patel was an Indian Gujarati author. He taught numerous languages at Gujarat University and did comparative studies of literature in different languages. He translated extensively and wrote essays and travelogues. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas", + [ + "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which was based on the \"Die Hard\" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three \"Die Hard\" films, \"Die Hard Trilogy 2\" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels." + ] + ], + [ + "Quentin Roosevelt", + [ + "Quentin Roosevelt (November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918) was the youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt. Family and friends agreed that Quentin had many of his father's positive qualities and few of the negative ones. Inspired by his father and siblings, he joined the United States Army Air Service where he became a pursuit pilot during World War I. Extremely popular with his fellow pilots and known for being daring, he was killed in aerial combat over France on Bastille Day (July 14), 1918. As of 2019, he is the only child of a US President to die in combat." + ] + ], + [ + "Upen Patel", + [ + "Upen Patel (born 16 August 1982) is a model and film actor working in India. In addition to working in Bollywood films, he has participated in several television reality shows including \"Bigg Boss 8\" and \"Nach Baliye 7\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__71336_604644", + "question": "Which record label does the band who sang hey now you're an allstar belong to?", + "answer": "429 Records", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Magic (Smash Mouth album)", + 0 + ], + [ + "All Star (song)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Baby Can I Hold You", + [ + "``Baby Can I Hold You ''Single by Tracy Chapman from the album Tracy Chapman B - side`` Across The Lines'' ``If Not Now... ''`` Mountains O 'Things'' (Live) Released October 1, 1988 Genre Folk Length 3: 14 Label Elektra / Asylum Records Songwriter (s) Tracy Chapman Producer (s) David Kershenbaum Tracy Chapman singles chronology ``Talkin' 'bout a Revolution ''(1988)`` Baby Can I Hold You'' (1988) ``Crossroads ''(1989)`` Talkin' 'bout a Revolution'' (1988) ``Baby Can I Hold You ''(1988)`` Crossroads'' (1989) ``Wedding Song ''(2000) Wedding Song2000`` Baby Can I Hold You'' (2001) (Re-release) Baby Can I Hold You2001 ``You're the One ''(2002) You're the One2002" + ] + ], + [ + "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry", + [ + "``I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry ''Single by Hank Williams A-side`` My Bucket's Got a Hole in It'' Released November 8, 1949 Recorded August 30, 1949, Herzog Studio, Cincinnati Genre Country, blues Length 2: 48 Label MGM Songwriter (s) Hank Williams Hank Williams singles chronology ``You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave) ''(1949)`` I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry'' (1949) ``I Just Do n't Like This Kind of Living ''(1950)`` You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)'' (1949) ``My Bucket's Got a Hole in It ''(1949)`` I Just Do n't Like This Kind of Living'' (1950)" + ] + ], + [ + "Betty Boo", + [ + "Alison Moira Clarkson (born 6 March 1970 in Kensington, London), better known as Betty Boo, is an English singer, songwriter and pop-rap artist. She first came to mainstream prominence in the late 1980s following a collaboration with the Beatmasters on the song \"Hey DJ/I Can't Dance (To That Music You're Playing)\". Between 1990 and 1992 she had a successful solo career, which spawned a number of chart-placing singles, most notably \"Doin' the Do\", \"Where Are You Baby?\", and \"Let Me Take You There\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Hey Mami/Play It Right", + [ + "\"Hey Mami\"/\"Play It Right\" is a single by Sylvan Esso, issued as the lead single from the band's eponymous debut album. The A-side, \"Hey Mami\", is the album's opening track; while the B-side, \"Play It Right\", is the album's ninth track. It is the only single the band released on Trekky Records before they moved to Partisan Records." + ] + ], + [ + "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman", + [ + "``When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman ''is a popular single by Dr. Hook. It was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, Alabama." + ] + ], + [ + "When You're Hot, You're Hot", + [ + "``When You're Hot, You're Hot ''is a 1971 crossover single written and recorded by Jerry Reed. The song was his most successful on the country chart, peaking at number one for five weeks.`` When You're Hot, You're Hot'' was also Jerry Reed's second song to cross over to the Top 40, peaking at number nine. It also appeared in the Australian and New Zealand charts. ``When You're Hot, You're Hot ''was certified gold for sales of one million units by the Recording Industry Association of America." + ] + ], + [ + "If You're Feeling Sinister", + [ + "If You're Feeling Sinister is the second album by Scottish indie pop band Belle and Sebastian. It was released in 1996 on Jeepster Records in the United Kingdom and Matador Records in the United States. It received positive reviews." + ] + ], + [ + "Party 'Til You're Broke", + [ + "Party 'Til You're Broke is the ninth studio album by funk band Rufus, released on the MCA Records label in 1981. \"Party 'Til You're Broke\" which was the band's second album not to be fronted by Chaka Khan reached #24 on \"Billboard\"'s R&B Albums chart and #73 on Pop and included the singles \"Tonight We Love\" (US R&B #18, US Dance #64) and \"Hold on to a Friend\" (US R&B #56), making \"Party 'Til You're Broke\" the most successful Khan-less album from Rufus." + ] + ], + [ + "You're My Sunshine", + [ + "\"You're My Sunshine\" is Namie Amuro's fourth solo single under the Avex Trax label. Released in June 1996, it was her third consecutive single to debut at #1 and sell over a million copies." + ] + ], + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records", + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City (You're a Woman)", + [ + "New York City (You're a Woman) is the fourth album by American singer-songwriter Al Kooper for Columbia Records, recorded and released in 1971." + ] + ], + [ + "I Sang Dixie", + [ + "\"I Sang Dixie\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dwight Yoakam. It was released in October 1988 as the second single from his album \"Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room\". In 1989, \"I Sang Dixie\" went to number one on the US Country chart." + ] + ], + [ + "You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me", + [ + "``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''Single by Ray Price from the album You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me B - side`` What Kind of Love is This'' Released July 1973 (U.S.) Format 7 ''Recorded ca. May 1973 Genre Country Length 3: 50 Label Columbia 45889 Songwriter (s) Jim Weatherly Producer (s) Don Law Ray Price singles chronology ``She's Got to Be a Saint'' (1972)`` You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me ''(1973) ``Storms of Troubled Times'' (1974)`` She's Got to Be a Saint ''(1972) ``You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me'' (1973)`` Storms of Troubled Times ''(1974)" + ] + ], + [ + "Hey There Lonely Girl", + [ + "``Hey There Lonely Girl ''is a song recorded by R&B singer Eddie Holman. Recorded and released in 1969, it charted in the United States in 1970 and in the United Kingdom in 1974. The original version by Ruby and the Romantics was entitled,`` Hey There Lonely Boy'' in 1963, and was a Top 30 hit, peaking at # 27. Holman's song peaked at # 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 pop chart, # 1 on the Canadian RPM chart, and at # 4 on the UK Singles Chart, his highest charting single in each country." + ] + ], + [ + "Hey, Man, Smell My Finger", + [ + "Hey, Man, Smell My Finger is the sixth studio album by American funk musician George Clinton, released October 12, 1993 on Paisley Park Records. It is Clinton's second and last release for the Paisley Park label, owned by Prince. The album features an array of musical guests including Prince, Dallas Austin, Humpty Hump from Digital Underground, Ice Cube, N'Dea Davenport, Dr. Dre, and Herbie Hancock, as well P-Funk alumni including Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell, Maceo Parker, and Fred Wesley. \"Hey, Man, Smell My Finger\" furthers Clinton's incorporation of hip hop elements such as electronically produced beats, rapping by Clinton, and sampling of older P-Funk material." + ] + ], + [ + "Magic (Smash Mouth album)", + [ + "Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of \"Summer Girl\" in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris LeDoux discography", + [ + "Chris LeDoux was a rodeo cowboy who sang and recorded songs in his spare time and sold his albums from the back of his truck. With his father, he started his own record label, American Cowboy Songs, in 1970. Under that label he released 22 albums between 1971 and 1990. After gaining recognition from the 1989 Garth Brooks song, \"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)\" he was signed to Liberty Records, where he released 4 studio albums in four years. He released 6 more albums including a live album under Capitol Records. \"Horsepower\" in 2003 was his last studio album before his death in 2005. Nine official compilation albums have been released between 1994 and 2008. \"20 Greatest Hits\" has been certified platinum by the RIAA." + ] + ], + [ + "All Star (song)", + [ + "``All Star ''is a song by American rock band Smash Mouth. It was released on May 4, 1999, as the second single from their album Astro Lounge and it is one of the group's most successful songs, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Stillwell", + [ + "Chris Stillwell (born June 4, 1966, Seattle, Washington, United States) is the American bassist for the band The Greyboy Allstars." + ] + ], + [ + "Hei tie", + [ + "\"Hei tie\" (in English, \"Hey There, Road\") is a song by Finnish recording artist Maija Vilkkumaa. It was released by Warner Music Finland on 20 September 2006, as the only single from her compilation album \"Totuutta ja tehtävää\". Written by Vilkkumaa, the song was Vilkkumaa's first number-one single on the Finnish Singles Chart, debuting at the peak position and charting for three weeks." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__193820_466199_128875_72134", + "question": "When did the town WLUJ is licensed in become capitol of the state where Brantley York was born?", + "answer": "1839", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Randolph County, Illinois", + 0 + ], + [ + "Brantley York", + 0 + ], + [ + "WLUJ", + 0 + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Randolph County, Illinois", + [ + "Owing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital." + ] + ], + [ + "Bann Na Mohra", + [ + "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 27' 50N 73° 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Brantley York", + [ + "Richard Brantley York (January 3, 1805 – October 7, 1891) was a Methodist minister and educator best known for founding and serving as president of the institution that would become Duke University, Union Institute Academy in Randolph County, North Carolina. Overall, York founded six schools." + ] + ], + [ + "Kokkuthoduvai", + [ + "Kokkuthoduvai or Kokkuththoduvai (pronounced Kokkuth-thodu-vai) is a Town in the Mullaitivu District, Sri Lanka. Some say it translates to 'a-place-where-you-can-touch-the-Egret'. It is located about 30 km South-east of the District capital Mullaitivu. It is a coastal town, located next to Kokkilai lagoon." + ] + ], + [ + "York, Upper Canada", + [ + "The Town of York was the second capital of the district of Upper Canada and the predecessor to Toronto (1834). It was established in 1793 by Lieutenant - Governor John Graves Simcoe as a ``temporary ''location for the capital of Upper Canada, while he made plans to build a capital near today's London, Ontario. Simcoe renamed the location York after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, George III's second son. Simcoe gave up his plan to build a capital at London, and York became the permanent capital of Upper Canada on February 1, 1796. That year Simcoe returned to Britain and was temporarily replaced by Peter Russell." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "WLUJ", + [ + "WLUJ is a Christian radio station licensed to Springfield, Illinois, broadcasting on 89.7 MHz FM. The station is owned by Cornerstone Community Radio." + ] + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + [ + "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cayman Islands", + [ + "The Cayman Islands (/ ˈkeɪmən / or / keɪˈmæn /) is an autonomous British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea. The 264 - square - kilometre (102 - square - mile) territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman located south of Cuba, northeast of Costa Rica, north of Panama, east of Mexico and northwest of Jamaica. Its population is approximately 60,765, and its capital is George Town." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Łowicz", + [ + "Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Pabianice", + [ + "Gmina Pabianice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pabianice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Biłgoraj County", + [ + "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Gorlice", + [ + "Gmina Gorlice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Gorlice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship", + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Darial, Pakistan", + [ + "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 23' 35N 73° 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__29893_29898", + "question": "Which affiliate left the company that owns and operates most of the CBC television stations due to an agreement with CHBC?", + "answer": "CFJC-TV in Kamloops", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "CBC Television", + 0 + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Norman Corwin Presents", + [ + "Norman Corwin Presents is a Canadian-produced drama anthology television series which aired on CBC Television from 1972 to 1973. The series also aired on Group W owned television stations in the US" + ] + ], + [ + "WVPS", + [ + "WVPS (107.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Burlington, Vermont. The station is owned by Vermont Public Radio, and is an affiliate of their News and Information network." + ] + ], + [ + "WEEY", + [ + "WEEY (93.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Swanzey, New Hampshire. The station is owned by Great Eastern Radio, LLC and serves as the Keene affiliate for WEEI-FM." + ] + ], + [ + "Arctic Air", + [ + "Arctic Air is a Canadian drama television series that began airing on CBC Television on January 10, 2012. The series was canceled on March 17, 2014, due to government budgetary cuts." + ] + ], + [ + "KZAR", + [ + "KZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air 1 affiliate radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a Christian Worship format. The station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation." + ] + ], + [ + "Hockey Night in Canada", + [ + "The \"Hockey Night in Canada\" brand is owned by the CBC and was exclusively used by CBC Sports through the end of the 2013–14 NHL season. Beginning in the 2014–15 NHL season, the brand is being licensed to Rogers Communications for Sportsnet-produced Saturday NHL broadcasts airing on CBC Television as well as the Rogers-owned City and Sportsnet networks. Rogers had secured exclusive national multimedia rights to NHL games beginning in 2014–15, and sublicensed Saturday night and playoff games to CBC. This sub-license agreement has been extended through the end of the Rogers deal with the NHL." + ] + ], + [ + "Fresno, California", + [ + "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations. The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953. KMJ is now known as NBC affiliate KSEE. Other Fresno stations include ABC O&O KFSN, CBS affiliate KGPE, CW affiliate KFRE, FOX affiliate KMPH, MNTV affiliate KAIL, PBS affiliate KVPT, Telemundo O&O KNSO, Univision O&O KFTV, and MundoFox and Azteca affiliate KGMC-DT." + ] + ], + [ + "WCCO-TV", + [ + "WCCO-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 32), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station, licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation. WCCO-TV's studios are located on South 11th Street along Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis, and its transmitter is located at the Telefarm complex in Shoreview, Minnesota." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "Some stations that broadcast from smaller cities are private affiliates of the CBC, that is, stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules. Such stations generally follow the CBC schedule, airing a minimum 40 hours per week of network programming. However, they may opt out of some CBC programming in order to air locally produced programs, syndicated series or programs purchased from other broadcasters, such as CTV Two, which do not have a broadcast outlet in the same market. In these cases, the CBC programming being displaced may be broadcast at a different time than the network, or may not be broadcast on the station at all. Most private affiliates generally opt out of CBC's afternoon schedule and Thursday night arts programming. Private affiliates carry the 10 p.m. broadcast of The National as a core part of the CBC schedule, but generally omitted the 11 p.m. repeat (which is no longer broadcast). Most private affiliates produce their own local newscasts for a duration of at least 35 minutes. Some of the private affiliates have begun adding CBC's overnight programming to their schedules since the network began broadcasting 24 hours a day." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "On August 6, 2010, the CBC issued a press release stating that due to financial reasons, the CBC and Radio-Canada would only transition 27 transmitters total, one in each market where there was an originating station (i.e. a CBC or Radio-Canada television station located in that market). Further, the CBC stated in the release, that only 15 of the transmitters would be in place by August 31, 2011 due to lack of available funds, and that the remainder would not be on the air until as late as August 31, 2012. Additionally, the CBC stated in the release that it was asking the CRTC for permission to continue broadcasting in analogue until the identified transmitters for transition were up and running. At the time of the press release, only eight of the corporation's transmitters (four CBC and four Radio Canada) were broadcasting in digital." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets with Télévision de Radio-Canada stations). Due to financial difficulties reported by the corporation, the corporation published digital transition plans for none of its analogue retransmitters in mandatory markets to be converted to digital by the deadline. Under this plan, communities that receive analogue signals by rebroadcast transmitters in mandatory markets would lose their over-the-air signals as of the deadline. Rebroadcast transmitters account for 23 of the 48 CBC and Radio-Canada transmitters in mandatory markets. Mandatory markets losing both CBC and Radio-Canada over-the-air signals include London, Ontario (metropolitan area population 457,000) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (metro area population 257,000). In both of those markets, the corporation's television transmitters are the only ones that were not planned to be converted to digital by the deadline." + ] + ], + [ + "KXVO", + [ + "KXVO signed on the air on June 10, 1995 as an affiliate of The WB, which debuted nationally almost five months earlier on January 11 of that year; the station was originally owned by Cocola Broadcasting, but was operated by Pappas Telecasting under a local marketing agreement. In the interim six months, Omaha did have access to the WB via cable and satellite providers through Chicago-based national superstation WGN. Cocola would later sell the station to Mitts Telecasting Company in 2000, which retained the LMA with Pappas." + ] + ], + [ + "WNFL", + [ + "WNFL (1440 AM) is an American all-sports radio station located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The station is locally owned and operated by Midwest Communications, which owns six other stations in Northeast Wisconsin. WNFL is an affiliate of Fox Sports Radio, carrying much of their line-up. It airs one minute news updates from CBS at approximately 45 minutes past the hour. In addition to the station's sports-talk offerings, WNFL airs Milwaukee Bucks basketball play-by-play and local high school football and basketball games. Milwaukee Brewers baseball games during the work week are also on WNFL, with night and weekend games on sister station WTAQ." + ] + ], + [ + "WRBJ-FM", + [ + "WRBJ-FM (97.7 FM) is an urban contemporary radio station in Jackson, Mississippi, but licensed to Brandon, Mississippi. The station is owned and operated by Roberts Broadcasting, former owners of The CW television affiliate WRBJ. Its studios are located at The Roberts Building along State Street in Jackson, just two blocks north of the Mississippi State Capitol building, and the transmitter tower is south of Brandon." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers. This was required by the CRTC as Rogers exercises editorial control and sells all advertising time during the HNIC broadcasts, even though the CBC bug and promos for other CBC Television programs appear throughout HNIC." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "Private CBC affiliates are not as common as they were in the past, as many such stations have been purchased either by the CBC itself or by Canwest Global or CHUM Limited, respectively becoming E! or A-Channel (later A, now CTV Two) stations. One private CBC affiliate, CHBC-TV in Kelowna, joined E! (then known as CH) on February 27, 2006. When a private CBC affiliate reaffiliates with another network, the CBC has normally added a retransmitter of its nearest O&O station to ensure that CBC service is continued. However, due to an agreement between CHBC and CFJC-TV in Kamloops, CFJC also disaffiliated from the CBC on February 27, 2006, but no retransmitters were installed in the licence area. Former private CBC affiliates CKPG-TV Prince George and CHAT-TV Medicine Hat disaffiliated on August 31, 2008 and joined E!, but the CBC announced it will not add new retransmitters to these areas. Incidentally, CFJC, CKPG and CHAT are all owned by an independent media company, Jim Pattison Group. With the closure of E! and other changes in the media landscape, several former CBC affiliates have since joined City or Global, or closed altogether." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "Most CBC television stations, including those in the major cities, are owned and operated by the CBC itself. CBC O&O stations operate as a mostly seamless national service with few deviations from the main network schedule, although there are some regional differences from time to time. For on-air identification, most CBC stations use the CBC brand rather than their call letters, not identifying themselves specifically until sign-on or sign-off (though some, like Toronto's CBLT, do not ID themselves at all except through PSIP). All CBC O&O stations have a standard call letter naming convention, in that the first two letters are \"CB\" (an ITU prefix allocated not to Canada, but to Chile) and the last letter is \"T\". Only the third letter varies from market to market; however, that letter is typically the same as the third letter of the CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 stations in the same market. An exception to this rule are the CBC North stations in Yellowknife, Whitehorse and Iqaluit, whose call signs begin with \"CF\" due to their historic association with the CBC's Frontier Coverage Package prior to the advent of microwave and satellite broadcasting." + ] + ], + [ + "WEVJ", + [ + "WEVJ (99.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Jackson, New Hampshire. The station is owned by New Hampshire Public Radio, and is an affiliate of their public radio network ." + ] + ], + [ + "WCKD-LP", + [ + "WCKD-LP went on the air April 16, 1994 as W30BF, carrying PBS programming as part of Maine Public Television Plus, the state's secondary public television network. Cuts in federal funding led to the elimination of MPT Plus on June 30, 1996; W30BF then became a repeater of Maine Public Television's primary service until 1999, when James McLeod, owner of Pax affiliate WBGR-LP (channel 33), bought the station. McLeod was not able to put enough resources into the station, however, and in late 2000 he signed a local marketing agreement with Rockfleet Broadcasting, owner of ABC affiliate WVII-TV (channel 7), who relaunched the station in February 2001 as WCKD-LP, a UPN affiliate that also carried Fox Sports telecasts. Previously, Bangor viewers received UPN on cable via Boston's WSBK-TV. WCKD's schedule also included a 10 p.m. newscast produced by WVII." + ] + ], + [ + "CBC Television", + [ + "It was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season. Due to disappointing results and fan outrage over many draws being carried on CBC Country Canada (now called Cottage Life Television, the association tried to cancel its multiyear deal with the CBC signed in 2004. After the CBC threatened legal action, both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN. On June 15, 2006, the CCA announced that TSN would obtain exclusive rights to curling broadcasts in Canada as of the 2008-09 season, shutting the CBC out of the championship weekend for the first time in 40-plus years." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__156085_436709", + "question": "Who is the creator of Mickey Mouse's spouse?", + "answer": "Walt Disney", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mickey's Revue", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Swarovski", + [ + "Swarovski's figurines are collectible, with a stylized mouse being the very first figurine created. A smaller version of this mouse, now labeled the \"replica mouse\", is still sold." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey's Revue", + [ + "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto" + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters." + ] + ], + [ + "Roger Carel", + [ + "Roger Carel (born Roger Bancharel; 14 August 1927) is a French actor and voice talent, known for his recurring film roles as Asterix, the French voice of \"Star Wars'\" C-3PO, and the French voice of Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Rabbit in Winnie the Pooh. He is also dubbing David Suchet as Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot. He also voiced Wally Gator, Mickey Mouse, Yogi Bear, Kermit the Frog, Heathcliff, Foghorn Leghorn, ALF and many other famous characters in French. He was born in Paris, France." + ] + ], + [ + "Copyright Term Extension Act", + [ + "Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension. The legalisation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, leading detractors to the nickname ``The Mickey Mouse Protection Act ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse Clubhouse", + [ + "Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse and Martian Mickey (2006 -- 09) Bret Iwan as Mickey Mouse, Martian Mickey, and Count Mickula (2009 -- 16) Russi Taylor as Minnie Mouse, Martian Minnie, and Quoodles Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck Tress MacNeille as Daisy Duck, Chip, Baby Red Bird, and Mommy Red Bird Bill Farmer as Goofy, Pluto, Goofbot, and Goofles Rob Paulsen as Toodles" + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, and his nemesis Pete, among others (see Mickey Mouse universe). Though originally characterized as a cheeky lovable rogue, Mickey was rebranded over time as a nice guy, usually seen as an honest and bodacious hero. In 2009, Disney began to rebrand the character again by putting less emphasis on his friendly, well-meaning persona and reintroducing the more menacing and stubborn sides of his personality, beginning with the video game \"Epic Mickey\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey's Big Game Hunt", + [ + "Mickey's Big Game Hunt is a 1928 silent short film in Larry Darmour's \"Mickey McGuire\" series starring a young Mickey Rooney. Directed by Albert Herman, the two-reel short was released to theaters on December 23, 1928 by FBO." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse Disco", + [ + "Mickey Mouse Disco is an album released by Disneyland Records in 1979. A late entry in the genre of disco, \"Mickey Mouse Disco\" included disco versions of Disney songs and Disney-fied versions of disco hits. The album was re-released on CD in 1995, and is currently available for download from iTunes. On April 13, 2019, the original LP was reissued for the annual Record Store Day." + ] + ], + [ + "Building a Building", + [ + "Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film \"Sky Scrappers\", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete." + ] + ], + [ + "Allison Fonte", + [ + "After her stint with \"the New Mickey Mouse Club\", Allison attended Stanford University and was a founding partner in a creative firm in New York City called Pompei A.D. She spun off part of that company into Allison Fonte Public Relations, also in New York. Allison attended the New Mouseketeers' reunion in May 2001, along with eight other 1970s Mouseketeers." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mickey Mouse Club", + [ + "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media." + ] + ], + [ + "Kirk Reeves", + [ + "Kirk Reeves (1956–2012), also known as \"Working\" Kirk Reeves, was an American street musician and entertainer best known for playing a trumpet on the west bank bridgehead of the Hawthorne Bridge in Portland, Oregon while wearing a Mickey Mouse hat and a white suit." + ] + ], + [ + "Clarabelle Cow", + [ + "Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character." + ] + ], + [ + "Phantom Blot", + [ + "The Phantom Blot is a fictional character featured in various media by The Walt Disney Company. He is an enemy of Mickey Mouse. He first appeared in the \"Mickey Mouse\" comic strip adventure \"Mickey Mouse Outwits the Phantom Blot\" by Floyd Gottfredson, which was published in the form of daily strips from May 20 to September 9, 1939." + ] + ], + [ + "BBC Television", + [ + "BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]" + ] + ], + [ + "The Pointer", + [ + "The cartoon follows Mickey Mouse as he tries to teach his dog Pluto to be a pointer dog during a quail hunt. It was directed by Clyde Geronimi and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey and Lee Millar as Pluto." + ] + ], + [ + "BBC Television", + [ + "On 1 September 1939, two days before Britain declared war on Germany, the station was taken off air with little warning; the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London. Also, many of the television service's technical staff and engineers would be needed for the war effort, in particular on the radar programme. The last programme transmitted was a Mickey Mouse cartoon, Mickey's Gala Premier (1933), which was followed by test transmissions; this account refuted the popular memory according to which broadcasting was suspended before the end of the cartoon." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__728887_159109", + "question": "Where is Assomada located?", + "answer": "central Atlantic Ocean", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "RTC (Cape Verde)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cape Verde", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Tourism in Nepal", + [ + "Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world, is located in Nepal. Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important attractions for visitors. The world heritage site Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which despite the name is located in the centre of the country) and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country. The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country. Tourism brings $471 ma year to Nepal." + ] + ], + [ + "Republic of the Congo", + [ + "The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." + ] + ], + [ + "WCNL", + [ + "WCNL is an AM radio station located at 1010 on the AM dial, licensed to Newport, New Hampshire. It was Newport's first radio station. The studios are located on Main Street in Newport, and its on-air slogan is \"Country 1010 WCNL-AM\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Sunset Ridge Country Club", + [ + "Sunset Ridge Country Club is a private country club located in Cook County, just outside the city limits of Northfield, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago." + ] + ], + [ + "RTC (Cape Verde)", + [ + "The station also broadcasts news, sports, television shows and recently broadcasts football or soccer coverages from Portugal and also from Brazil as well as Latin America but rarely around the world. The radio channel is branded as RCV, originally broadcast during the later part of the day and the evening in its early years and then most of the day and the evening, now it is a 24-hour radio station. The TV channel is branded as TCV and it is also available in Portugal in the principal cable and IPTV platforms as a premium channel under the name TCV Internacional. As of the late 2000s, TCV broadcast from noon to midnight. The first and only youth radion station is known as RCV+, Radio Cabo Verde Jovem which broadcasts from 7 AM until 10 PM." + ] + ], + [ + "Royal Oaks Country Club", + [ + "Royal Oaks Country Club is a country club and subdivision in Houston, Texas, United States in the Alief community. The country club is located at 2910 Royal Oaks Club Drive, west of The Galleria. Sunrise Colony Company developed Royal Oaks out of the former Andrau Airpark property." + ] + ], + [ + "Human Development Index", + [ + "A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent \"low development\". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the \"medium development\" group." + ] + ], + [ + "Subway (restaurant)", + [ + "As of June 2017, Subway has approximately 45,000 stores located in 112 countries. These locations are largely concentrated in North America, with about 26,400 in the United States (plus about 3,300 in Canada and 1,000 in Mexico). Outside North America, the countries with the most locations are Australia (approximately 1,400), Brazil (approximately 2,200) and the United Kingdom (approximately 2,300)." + ] + ], + [ + "Hakauata", + [ + "Hakauata is an island in Tonga. It is located within the Ha'apai Group in the center of the country, to northeast of the national capital of Nukualofa." + ] + ], + [ + "Radisson Hotels", + [ + "Radisson is an international hotel company and a subsidiary of the Radisson Hotel Group. It operates the brands Radisson, Radisson Blu, Radisson Red, Country Inns and Suites by Radisson and Park Inn by Radisson with more than 990 locations in 73 countries." + ] + ], + [ + "Subway (restaurant)", + [ + "As of June 2017, Subway has approximately 44,000 stores worldwide, all independently owned. located in 112 countries. These locations are largely concentrated in North America, with about 26,400 in the United States (plus about 3,300 in Canada and 1,000 in Mexico), which is almost as many U.S. locations as McDonald's and Starbucks combined. Outside North America, the countries with the most locations are Australia (approximately 1,400), Brazil (approximately 2,200) and the United Kingdom (approximately 2,300)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cape Verde", + [ + "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Reduced level", + [ + "The most common and convenient datum which is internationally accepted is mean sea level. Countries take their nearby sea levels as datum planes for calculations of Reduced levels. For example, Pakistan takes sea near Karachi as its datum while India takes sea near Mumbai as its datum for calculation of Reduced levels of different places in their respective countries. The term Reduced Level is denoted shortly by 'RL'. National survey departments of each country determines RL's of significantly important locations or points. These points are called as permanent benchmarks and this survey process is known as Great Trigonometrical Surveying (GTS). The permanent bench marks act as reference points for determining RL's of other locations in a particular country." + ] + ], + [ + "Antoñana", + [ + "Antoñana is a town located in the Campezo/Kanpezu municipality, Álava (Araba) Province, in the Basque Country autonomous community, northern Spain." + ] + ], + [ + "Cascade City", + [ + "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Larraul", + [ + "Larraul is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain." + ] + ], + [ + "Broward Correctional Institution", + [ + "The Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) was a correctional facility located in the former Country Estates CDP and in Southwest Ranches, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections. The Region IV Correctional Facility Office is located on the grounds of Broward Correctional Institution in the former Country Estates CDP. The prison was in proximity to Pembroke Pines. It was located along Sheridan Street, near U.S. Route 27." + ] + ], + [ + "Bedia, Spain", + [ + "Bedia is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain." + ] + ], + [ + "Czech Academy of Sciences", + [ + "The Head Office of the Academy and forty research institutes are located in Prague, the remaining institutes being situated throughout the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Fatumanongi", + [ + "Fatumanongi is an island in Tonga. It is located within the Ha'apai Group in the centre of the country, to the northeast of the national capital of Nukualofa." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__105401_17130_70784_61381", + "question": "When was the region immediately north of the region of the country in Strangers No More and the Persian Gulf established?", + "answer": "1932", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Strangers No More", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Military history of the United States", + [ + "The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. The coalition commenced hostilities in January 1991, resulting in a decisive victory for the U.S. led coalition forces, which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths. Despite the low death toll, over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as \"permanently disabled\" according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs (see Gulf War Syndrome). The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq, Kuwait and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. Land combat did not expand outside of the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region, although the coalition bombed cities and strategic targets across Iraq, and Iraq fired missiles on Israeli and Saudi cities." + ] + ], + [ + "Iran", + [ + "Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران‎‎ [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by Kazakhstan and Russia across the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 78.4 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country that has both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. Iran has long been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of the Ottoman Empire", + [ + "On the Arabian Peninsula, the Arabs were able to establish a number of independent states. In 1916 Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, established the Kingdom of Hejaz, while the Emirate of Riyadh was transformed into the Sultanate of Nejd. In 1926 the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz was formed, which in 1932 became the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen became independent in 1918, while the Arab States of the Persian Gulf became de facto British protectorates, with some internal autonomy." + ] + ], + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park", + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius. Covering 553 hectares, it is the largest regional park in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎ Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1]" + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Togo", + [ + "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Dubai", + [ + "Dubai (/ duːˈbaɪ / doo - BY; Arabic: دبي ‎ Dubay, Gulf pronunciation: (dʊˈbɑj)) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the country. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's Federal Supreme Council. The city of Dubai is located on the emirate's northern coastline and heads the Dubai - Sharjah - Ajman metropolitan area. Dubai will host World Expo 2020." + ] + ], + [ + "Mohammad Ebrahimi", + [ + "Mohammad Ebrahimi (born 1 November 1984) is an Iranian footballer who plays as a forward for Pars Jonoubi in the Persian Gulf Pro League" + ] + ], + [ + "Saanich—Gulf Islands", + [ + "Saanich—Gulf Islands is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988. It is named for its geographical location across the Gulf Islands and Saanich Peninsula in the Vancouver Island region." + ] + ], + [ + "Oulujärvi", + [ + "Oulujärvi (, ) is a large lake in Finland located in the Kainuu region. With an area of it is the fifth largest lake in the country. The lake is drained by the Oulu River, which flows northwestward from the lake into the Gulf of Bothnia. Its nickname is the \"Kainuu sea\", and it is bordered by three municipalities: Vaala, Paltamo and Kajaani. About 40 percent of the lake is in the Vaala municipality." + ] + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic." + ] + ], + [ + "Alghanim Industries", + [ + "Alghanim Industries is one of the largest privately owned companies in the Persian Gulf region, predominantly in Kuwait. A multinational company in outlook with operations in 40 countries, Alghanim Industries is a multibillion-dollar conglomerate with more than 30 businesses. They also fund projects and provide loans for non-UAE/Middle East countries. Alghanim Industries claimed that it collected revenues of $2.5 billion in 2009, although has not disclosed its financial standing since." + ] + ], + [ + "Arabian Sea", + [ + "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the northeast and east by the Indian Peninsula on the west by Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, on the north by Pakistan and Iran and on the South by the Maldives. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is 3,862,000 km (1,491,000 sq mi) and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft). The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab - el - Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Iran", + [ + "Geographically, Iran is located in West Asia and borders the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Gulf of Oman. Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. The mountains enclose several broad basins, on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located. Until the 20th century, when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers, these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another." + ] + ], + [ + "Strangers No More", + [ + "Strangers No More is a 2010 short documentary film about a school in Tel Aviv, Israel, where children from 48 different countries and diverse backgrounds come together to learn. The parents of these children are among over 300,000 transnational migrant workers who have arrived in Israel—some with government authorization and others undocumented." + ] + ], + [ + "Gulf Coast Film Festival", + [ + "Established in 1999 the Gulf Coast Film Festival features independent films from local, regional and international artists in various categories ranging from short films to documentaries." + ] + ], + [ + "Yucatán Peninsula", + [ + "The Yucatán Peninsula (Spanish: Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America." + ] + ], + [ + "Iran", + [ + "Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__252311_366220", + "question": "Who founded the company that distributed the film UHF?", + "answer": "Mike Medavoy", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mike Medavoy", + 0 + ], + [ + "UHF (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "SICRAL 1B", + [ + "SICRAL 1B is a military communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space for Italian Armed Forces. It is a dual-use spacecraft: Telespazio will use some of the satellite's transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF/Ka band, three UHF-band and five active SHF-band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Salix arbuscula", + [ + "Salix arbuscula, the mountain willow, is a low, much branched shrub (to 0.7 metres) having a limited distribution in Northern Europe, occurring from north Scandinavia eastwards to Siberia. In Scotland it can be found on damp rocky mountain slopes and ledges, generally at altitudes above 600 metres, rarely outside Perthshire and Argyll." + ] + ], + [ + "GeminiJets", + [ + "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales." + ] + ], + [ + "DeSoto Records", + [ + "DeSoto Records is an American record label based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1989, it is run by Bill Barbot and Kim Coletta, both formerly of the band Jawbox. It was first founded by members of the band Edsel to release their first single, \"My Manacles\". Jawbox next used the name DeSoto for their first EP. It has released over 40 records, 7\" singles, CDs, and LP vinyl records. It is distributed by Fontana Distribution." + ] + ], + [ + "Videodrome", + [ + "Videodrome is a 1983 Canadian science fiction body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring James Woods, Sonja Smits, and Deborah Harry. Set in Toronto during the early 1980s, it follows the CEO of a small UHF television station who stumbles upon a broadcast signal featuring extreme violence and torture. The layers of deception and mind-control conspiracy unfold as he uncovers the signal's source, and loses touch with reality in a series of increasingly bizarre and violent organic hallucinations." + ] + ], + [ + "Le Mauricien", + [ + "Le Mauricien is a French-language newspaper, based and distributed in Mauritius. The newspaper, founded in 1908, is released daily and is one of the most read in Mauritius. The publishers, Le Mauricien Ltd., also publish \"Week-End\", \"Week-End Scope\" and \"Turf Magazine\". It is an independent newspaper." + ] + ], + [ + "Mike Medavoy", + [ + "Morris Mike Medavoy (born January 21, 1941) is an American film producer and executive, co-founder of Orion Pictures (1978), former chairman of TriStar Pictures, former head of production for United Artists (1974–1978) and current chairman and CEO of Phoenix Pictures." + ] + ], + [ + "Race (human categorization)", + [ + "Coop et al. (2009) found \"a selected allele that strongly differentiates the French from both the Yoruba and Han could be strongly clinal across Europe, or at high frequency in Europe and absent elsewhere, or follow any other distribution according to the geographic nature of the selective pressure. However, we see that the global geographic distributions of these putatively selected alleles are largely determined simply by their frequencies in Yoruba, French and Han (Figure 3). The global distributions fall into three major geographic patterns that we interpret as non-African sweeps, west Eurasian sweeps and East Asian sweeps, respectively.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Three Gut Records", + [ + "Three Gut Records was a Guelph, Ontario, Canada based independent record label. It was founded in 1999 by Lisa Moran and Tyler Clarke Burke as a vehicle for releasing albums by their friends; it became an influential player in Canadian music with the breakout success of the Constantines' self-titled 2001 release on the label. Three Gut releases were distributed by Outside Music." + ] + ], + [ + "SModcast Pictures", + [ + "SModcast Pictures is an American film distribution company and a film and television production company founded by Kevin Smith in 2011. Kevin Smith announced at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival that he would release his latest movie \"Red State\" himself under his own distribution company \"SModcast Pictures\" by touring the film instead of having a traditional release." + ] + ], + [ + "UHF (film)", + [ + "Yankovic and Levey wrote the film after Yankovic's second studio album, looking to apply the musician's parody and comedy to film, and chose the approach of George being a straight man with a vivid imagination to support the inclusion of parodies within the film. They struggled with finding a film production company for financing the film, but were eventually able to get Orion Pictures' support after stating they could keep the film costs under $5 million. Principal filming took place around Tulsa, Oklahoma, with many of the extras for the film from the Tulsa and Dallas, Texas areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records", + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Common nightingale", + [ + "It is a migratory insectivorous species breeding in forest and scrub in Europe and south - west Asia, and wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. It is not found naturally in the Americas. The distribution is more southerly than the very closely related thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia. It nests on or near the ground in dense vegetation. Research in Germany found that favoured breeding habitat of nightingales was defined by a number of geographical factors." + ] + ], + [ + "Kirtland Records", + [ + "In 2003, John Kirtland co-founded Kirtland Records with his wife, The Polyphonic Spree choir member Jenny Kirtland. Kirtland Records leveraged the Bush back catalog rights to secure a national distribution deal with RED Distribution, which remains the label's distributor. Kirtland Records went on to become the record label for a number of Texas-based indie bands, including the Burden Brothers, The Polyphonic Spree, Toadies, The Vanished, and Sarah Jaffe." + ] + ], + [ + "WCCO-TV", + [ + "WCCO-TV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 32), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station, licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and serving the Twin Cities television market. The station is owned by the CBS Television Stations subsidiary of CBS Corporation. WCCO-TV's studios are located on South 11th Street along Nicollet Mall in downtown Minneapolis, and its transmitter is located at the Telefarm complex in Shoreview, Minnesota." + ] + ], + [ + "Marketwired", + [ + "Marketwired is a press release distribution service headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Marketwired was founded in 1993 and incorporated in the U.S. in 1999. The company distributes press releases via traditional methods (Associated Press, Bloomberg, etc.) as well as new media methods and other services." + ] + ], + [ + "Equity Music Group", + [ + "Equity Music Group was an American country music record label founded in 2003 by singer Clint Black. The label was distributed by Koch Entertainment (now E1 Entertainment)." + ] + ], + [ + "List of tallest structures", + [ + "KVLY - TV mast 628.8 m (2,063 ft) 1963 Guyed mast VHF - UHF transmission United States Blanchard, North Dakota Tallest mast in the world 47 ° 20 ′ 31.85 ''N 97 ° 17 ′ 21.13'' W  /  47.3421806 ° N 97.2892028 ° W  / 47.3421806; - 97.2892028  (KVLY - TV mast)" + ] + ], + [ + "Amblin Entertainment", + [ + "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name." + ] + ], + [ + "CFVS-DT", + [ + "CFVS-DT (branded on-air as V Abitibi-Témiscamingue) is a French language television station affiliated with V, serving Quebec's Abitibi-Témiscamingue region that is licensed to Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada. It broadcasts a digital signal on UHF channel 15 (or virtual channel 25.1 via PSIP) from a transmitter near Route Québec Lithium in La Corne, and operates a rebroadcaster in Rouyn-Noranda (CFVS-DT-1) on UHF channel 20. Both transmitters flash-cut to digital on September 1, 2011." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__40970_90367", + "question": "What was the role of God in the Biblical crossing of the sea where herbivorous fishes have been seen feeding on gelatinous zooplankton?", + "answer": "the Red Sea was parted by God", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Crossing the Red Sea", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ctenophora", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Blue whale", + [ + "An adult blue whale can eat up to 40 million krill in a day. The whales always feed in the areas with the highest concentration of krill, sometimes eating up to 3,600 kilograms (7,900 lb) of krill in a single day. The daily energy requirement of an adult blue whale is in the region of 1.5 million kilocalories (6.3 GJ). Their feeding habits are seasonal. Blue whales gorge on krill in the rich waters of the Antarctic before migrating to their breeding grounds in the warmer, less-rich waters nearer the equator. The blue whale can take in up to 90 times as much energy as it expends, allowing it to build up considerable energy reserves.Because krill move, blue whales typically feed at depths of more than 100 metres (330 ft) during the day and only surface-feed at night. Dive times are typically 10 minutes when feeding, though dives of up to 21 minutes are possible. The whale feeds by lunging forward at groups of krill, taking the animals and a large quantity of water into its mouth. The water is then squeezed out through the baleen plates by pressure from the ventral pouch and tongue. Once the mouth is clear of water, the remaining krill, unable to pass through the plates, are swallowed. The blue whale also incidentally consumes small fish, crustaceans and squid caught up with krill." + ] + ], + [ + "NGC 1806", + [ + "NGC 1806 is a globular cluster located within the Large Magellanic Cloud within the constellation of Dorado (the dolphin-fish), an area of the sky best seen from the Earth's southern hemisphere. It was discovered in 1836 by the British astronomer John Herschel." + ] + ], + [ + "Apollo", + [ + "As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindu philosophy", + [ + "Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religions. The distinguishing factor of Dvaita philosophy, as opposed to monistic Advaita Vedanta, is that God takes on a personal role and is seen as a real eternal entity that governs and controls the universe. Like Vishishtadvaita Vedanta subschool, Dvaita philosophy also embraced Vaishnavism, with the metaphysical concept of Brahman in the Vedas identified with Vishnu and the one and only Supreme Being. However, unlike Vishishtadvaita which envisions ultimate qualified nondualism, the dualism of Dvaita was permanent." + ] + ], + [ + "Jell-O", + [ + "Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts (fruit-flavored gels), puddings, and no-bake cream pies. The original Jell-O gelatin dessert (genericized as jello) is the signature of the brand." + ] + ], + [ + "Jehovah's Witnesses", + [ + "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's \"only-begotten Son\". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross. They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael, Abaddon (Apollyon), and the Word all refer to Jesus. Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity, and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom. His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement." + ] + ], + [ + "Feeding the multitude", + [ + "The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the ``miracle of the five loaves and two fish '', because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude. According to Matthew's gospel, when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. Luke specifies that the place was near Bethsaida. The crowds followed Jesus on foot from the towns. When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said,`` This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Ctenophora", + [ + "Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores." + ] + ], + [ + "East India Company", + [ + "\"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert.\" The shield had as a crest: \"A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT\" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mansergh Snowfield", + [ + "Mansergh Snowfield () is a snowfield in Antarctica feeding the central portion of Starshot Glacier, separating the Surveyors Range and Holyoake Range. It was seen by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1964–65) and named for G. Mansergh, a geologist with the party." + ] + ], + [ + "Bouchard's nodes", + [ + "Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes). They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium." + ] + ], + [ + "Predation", + [ + "Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again. Kelp is frequently grazed in subtidal kelp forests, but regrows at the base of the blade continuously to cope with browsing pressure. Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring. Starfish may be grazed on, being capable of regenerating lost arms." + ] + ], + [ + "Feeding the multitude", + [ + "The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the ``miracle of the five loaves and two fish '', because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude. According to Luke's Gospel, when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place near Bethsaida. The crowds followed Jesus on foot from the towns. When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said,`` This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Ctenophora", + [ + "Almost all ctenophores are predators – there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic. If food is plentiful, they can eat 10 times their own weight per day. While Beroe preys mainly on other ctenophores, other surface-water species prey on zooplankton (planktonic animals) ranging in size from the microscopic, including mollusc and fish larvae, to small adult crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and even krill. Members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts. Ctenophores have been compared to spiders in their wide range of techniques from capturing prey – some hang motionless in the water using their tentacles as \"webs\", some are ambush predators like Salticid jumping spiders, and some dangle a sticky droplet at the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders do. This variety explains the wide range of body forms in a phylum with rather few species. The two-tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies, and juveniles of Lampea attach themselves like parasites to salps that are too large for them to swallow. Members of the cydippid genus Pleurobrachia and the lobate Bolinopsis often reach high population densities at the same place and time because they specialize in different types of prey: Pleurobrachia's long tentacles mainly capture relatively strong swimmers such as adult copepods, while Bolinopsis generally feeds on smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae." + ] + ], + [ + "Ctenophora", + [ + "The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the Cydippida). Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. This combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey." + ] + ], + [ + "Crossing the Red Sea", + [ + "According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff and the Red Sea was parted by God. The Israelites walked on the exposed dry ground and crossed the sea, followed by the Egyptian army. Moses again moved his staff once the Israelites had crossed and the sea closed again, drowning the whole Egyptian army." + ] + ], + [ + "European pilchard", + [ + "The European pilchard (\"Sardina pilchardus\") is a species of ray-finned fish in the monotypic genus Sardina. The young of the species are among the many fish that are sometimes called sardines. This common species is found in the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea at depths of . It reaches up to in length and mostly feeds on planktonic crustaceans. This schooling species is a batch spawner where each female lays 50,000–60,000 eggs." + ] + ], + [ + "The gospel", + [ + "In Christianity, the gospel (Greek: εὐαγγέλιον euangélion; Old English: gospel), or the Good News, is the news of the coming of the Kingdom of God (Mark 1: 14 - 15). Paul's gospel is of Jesus's death on the cross and resurrection to restore people's relationship with God. It may also include the descent of the Holy Spirit upon believers and the second coming of Jesus." + ] + ], + [ + "Ctenophora", + [ + "Ctenophores used to be regarded as \"dead ends\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals. It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remain intact long enough to provide a clue. Detailed investigation of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, showed that these fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps, and that ctenophores can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around. Beroids prey mainly on other ctenophores. Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of ctenophores, and jellyfish may temporarily wipe out ctenophore populations. Since ctenophores and jellyfish often have large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists, and may have a greater effect on populations than the specialist jelly-eaters. This is underlined by an observation of herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms in the Red Sea. The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores, as are the larvae of some flatworms that parasitize fish when they reach adulthood." + ] + ], + [ + "Trophic level", + [ + "Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called producers. Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers. Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers. Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__19768_19788_19761", + "question": "Which missionary helped spread the religion widely practiced in region having the second largest rain-forest in the world?", + "answer": "The Sufi missionaries", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Southeast Asia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Baptists", + [ + "Historians trace the earliest church labeled ``Baptist ''back to 1609 in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have freedom of religion. Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening contributed to Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century greatly increased church membership. Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused by seasonal shift in winds or monsoon. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. The rain forest is the second largest on earth (with the Amazon being the largest). An exception to this type of climate and vegetation is the mountain areas in the northern region, where high altitudes lead to milder temperatures and drier landscape. Other parts fall out of this climate because they are desert like." + ] + ], + [ + "Africa", + [ + "Africans profess a wide variety of religious beliefs, and statistics on religious affiliation are difficult to come by since they are often a sensitive topic for governments with mixed religious populations. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, Islam is the largest religion in Africa, followed by Christianity. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, 45% of the population are Christians, 40% are Muslims, and 10% follow traditional religions. A small number of Africans are Hindu, Buddhist, Confucianist, Baha'i, or Jewish. There is also a minority of people in Africa who are irreligious." + ] + ], + [ + "Greeks", + [ + "In the religious sphere, this was a period of profound change. The spiritual revolution that took place, saw a waning of the old Greek religion, whose decline beginning in the 3rd century BC continued with the introduction of new religious movements from the East. The cults of deities like Isis and Mithra were introduced into the Greek world. Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were generally Greek-speaking, though none were from Greece. However, Greece itself had a tendency to cling to paganism and was not one of the influential centers of early Christianity: in fact, some ancient Greek religious practices remained in vogue until the end of the 4th century, with some areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remaining pagan until well into the 10th century AD." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Buddhism", + [ + "The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present. Buddhism arose in the eastern part of Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent through Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of the Asian continent. The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and schools, among them the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes." + ] + ], + [ + "Pruno (Cilento)", + [ + "Pruno is a forest in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is the largest woodlands of central Cilento region. The hamlets (\"frazioni\") with this name are situated in the municipalities of Laurino, Valle dell'Angelo and Piaggine, and are considered a singular village." + ] + ], + [ + "Greece", + [ + "Phytogeographically, Greece belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the East Mediterranean province of the Mediterranean Region and the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests and Crete Mediterranean forests." + ] + ], + [ + "Buddhism by country", + [ + "Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world, 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the world's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Rajasthan", + [ + "The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 48 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river." + ] + ], + [ + "Amazon rainforest", + [ + "Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich biome, and tropical forests in the Americas are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in Africa and Asia. As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled biodiversity. One in ten known species in the world lives in the Amazon rainforest. This constitutes the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the \"Hapdong\" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration." + ] + ], + [ + "Franciscan Apostolic Sisters", + [ + "The Franciscan Apostolic Sisters (F.A.S.) is a Roman Catholic religious congregation that was founded in the Philippines in 1953 by Father Gerardo Z. Filippeto, O.F.M.. Father Gerardo was a missionary in the remote Northeastern region of the nation. He founded this congregation of Franciscan tertiary sisters to help in the work of the missions and spreading the Gospel in that region." + ] + ], + [ + "Ramoji Film City", + [ + "The Ramoji Film City in India is located in Hyderabad. Spread over 1666 acres, it is the largest integrated film city in Telangana and has been certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest studio complex in the world. It was built by Telugu film producer Ramoji Rao in 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Canadian Indian residential school system", + [ + "After a failure to assimilate Indigenous children by early missionaries in the 17th century, educational programs were not widely attempted again by religious officials until the 1820s, prior to the introduction of state - sanctioned operations. Included among them was a school established by John West, an Anglican missionary, at the Red River Colony in what is today Manitoba. Protestant missionaries also opened residential schools in the current Ontario region, spreading Christianity and working to encourage Indigenous peoples to adopt subsistence agriculture as a way to ensure they would not return to their original, nomadic ways of life upon graduation." + ] + ], + [ + "Smoking", + [ + "Smoking can be dated to as early as 5000 BCE, and has been recorded in many different cultures across the world. Early smoking evolved in association with religious ceremonies; as offerings to deities, in cleansing rituals or to allow shamans and priests to alter their minds for purposes of divination or spiritual enlightenment. After the European exploration and conquest of the Americas, the practice of smoking tobacco quickly spread to the rest of the world. In regions like India and Sub-Saharan Africa, it merged with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis). In Europe, it introduced a new type of social activity and a form of drug intake which previously had been unknown." + ] + ], + [ + "Economy of Oceania", + [ + "On a total scale the region has approximately 34,700,201 inhabitants who are spread among 30,000 islands in the South Pacific bordered between Asia and the Americas. This region has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial market of Australia to the much less developed economies that belong to many of its island neighbours. New Zealand is the only other developed country in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Jefferson Memorial Forest", + [ + "The Jefferson Memorial Forest is a forest located in southwest Louisville, Kentucky, in the Knobs region of Kentucky. At , it is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__85463_33311", + "question": "During which span of years was the war where UN troops approached the Yalu River?", + "answer": "1950–1953)", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Yalu River", + 0 + ], + [ + "Modern history", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "American Revolutionary War", + [ + "The last British troops departed New York City on November 25, 1783, marking the end of British rule in the new United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju." + ] + ], + [ + "The King's Daughters", + [ + "The King's Daughters () is a 2000 French period drama film directed by Patricia Mazuy. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It was adapted from the novel \"La maison d’Esther\" by Yves Dangerfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Third Anglo-Burmese War", + [ + "At this time, except that the country was one of dense jungle, and therefore most unfavourable for military operations, the British knew little of the interior of Upper Burma; but British steamers had for years been running on the great river highway of the Irrawaddy River, from Rangoon to Mandalay, and it was obvious that the quickest and most satisfactory method of carrying out the British campaign was an advance by water direct on the capital. Further, a large number of light-draught river steamers and barges (or flats), belonging to the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company under the control of Frederick Charles Kennedy, were available at Rangoon, and the local knowledge of the company's officers of the difficult river navigation was at the disposal of the British forces.Major-General, afterwards Sir, Harry Prendergast was placed in command of the invasion. As was only to be expected in an enterprise of this description, the navy as well as the army was called in requisition; and as usual the services rendered by the seamen and guns were most important. The total effective force available was 3,029 British troops, 6,005 Indian sepoys and 67 guns, and for river service, 24 machine guns. The river fleet which conveyed the troops and stores was composed of more than 55 steamers, barges, and launches, etc." + ] + ], + [ + "Chunggang County", + [ + "Chunggang County is a \"kun\", or county, in northern Chagang province, North Korea. It was originally part of Huchang county in Ryanggang, and for that reason older sources still identify it as being part of Huchang. The county seat was originally known as Chunggangjin (중강진), but is now known as Chunggang \"ŭp\". Chunggang looks across the Yalu River at China, and borders Ryanggang province to the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced back north all the way to the border with China at the Yalu River, or into the mountainous interior. At this point, in October 1950, Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war. Chinese intervention triggered a retreat of UN forces which continued until mid-1951. After these dramatic reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of conflict became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air-to-air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their Communist allies." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered the war, Stalin allowed the Soviet Air Force to provide air cover, and supported more aid to China. After decimating the ROK II Corps at the Battle of Onjong, the first confrontation between Chinese and U.S. military occurred on 1 November 1950; deep in North Korea, thousands of soldiers from the PVA 39th Army encircled and attacked the U.S. 8th Cavalry Regiment with three-prong assaults—from the north, northwest, and west—and overran the defensive position flanks in the Battle of Unsan. The surprise assault resulted in the UN forces retreating back to the Ch'ongch'on River, while the Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts following victory. It is unclear why the Chinese did not press the attack and follow up their victory." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Hood", + [ + "The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within the past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now - eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event occurred in August 1907." + ] + ], + [ + "Usi County", + [ + "Usi County is a \"kun\", or county, in westernmost Chagang Province, North Korea. It looks across the Yalu River into the People's Republic of China. Within North Korea, it borders Chosan and Kopung to the east, Songwon to the south, and North Pyongan Province's Pyoktong county to the west. Originally part of Pyoktong, it was made a separate county in 1952 as part of a general reorganization of local government; in 1954, it was transferred from North Pyongan to Chagang." + ] + ], + [ + "Al-Qubeir massacre", + [ + "The Al-Qubeir massacre (), also known as the Hama massacre, occurred in the small village of Al-Qubeir near Hama, Syria, on 6 June 2012 during the country's ongoing civil conflict. Al-Qubeir is described as a Sunni farming settlement surrounded by Alawite villages in the central province of Hama. According to preliminary evidence, troops had surrounded the village which was followed by pro-government Shabiha militia entering the village and killing civilians with \"barbarity,\" UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council." + ] + ], + [ + "Linjiang Yalu River Bridge", + [ + "The Linjiang Yalu River Bridge () is a bridge over the Yalu River, connecting Linjiang City, Jilin Province, China, with Chunggang County, Chagang Province, North Korea. It was built by the Japanese in 1938 and Linjiang Border Post is located there. A little downstream from the bridge is Yunfeng Dam." + ] + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Yalu River", + [ + "The Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA." + ] + ], + [ + "Modern history", + [ + "The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility." + ] + ], + [ + "First Battle of Panipat", + [ + "When Ibrahim's army arrived, he found the approach to Babur's army too narrow to attack. While Ibrahim redeployed his forces to allow for the narrower front, Babur quickly took advantage of the situation to flank (tulghuma) the Lodi army. Many of Ibrahim's troops were unable to get into action, and fled when the battle turned against Ibrahim. Faced with musket fire, cannon fire and cavalry attacks from all sides, Ibrahim Lodi fought and died with 6,000 of his remaining troops." + ] + ], + [ + "Siege of Ninety-Six", + [ + "The Siege of Ninety Six was a siege in western South Carolina late in the American Revolutionary War. From May 22 to June 18, 1781, Continental Army Major General Nathanael Greene led 1,000 troops in a siege against the 550 Loyalists in the fortified village of Ninety Six, South Carolina. The 28-day siege centered on an earthen fortification known as Star Fort. Despite having more troops, Greene was unsuccessful in taking the town, and was forced to lift the siege when Lord Rawdon approached from Charleston with British troops." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the \"Chinese New Year's Offensive\") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951." + ] + ], + [ + "Boutros Boutros-Ghali", + [ + "Boutros-Ghali's term in office remains controversial. In 1992, he submitted An Agenda for Peace, a suggestion for how the UN could respond to violent conflict. He set three goals: the UN to be more active in promoting democracy; the UN conduct preventive diplomacy to avert crises; expand the UN role as peacekeeper. Although the goals were consistent with those of American President George H. W. Bush, he never nevertheless clashed repeatedly with the United States, especially with his efforts to involve the UN more deeply in the civil wars in Somalia 1992 in Rwanda in 1994. The United States refused to send troops under UN leadership. Boutros-Ghali was criticised for the UN's failure to act during the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, which officially left over one million people dead, and he appeared unable to muster support in the UN for intervention in the continuing Angolan Civil War. One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the Yugoslav Wars after the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia. The UN peacekeeping force was ineffective in Bosnia, forcing the intervention by NATO in December 1995. His reputation became entangled in the larger controversies over the effectiveness of the UN and the role of the United States in the UN." + ] + ], + [ + "DUKW", + [ + "Designed by a partnership under military auspices of Sparkman & Stephens and General Motors Corporation (GMC), the DUKW was used for the transportation of goods and troops over land and water. Excelling at approaching and crossing beaches in amphibious warfare attacks, it was intended only to last long enough to meet the demands of combat. Surviving DUKWs have since found popularity as tourist craft in marine environments." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__818422_160545_60577", + "question": "Where did they film The Beach in the country where Beatrice Heuser was born?", + "answer": "Ko Phi Phi Leh", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Beatrice Heuser", + 0 + ], + [ + "Bang Bon District", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Beach (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Beatrice Heuser", + [ + "Beatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She holds the chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow." + ] + ], + [ + "Whihala Beach County Park", + [ + "Whihala Beach County Park is a park in Whiting, Indiana, United States, located at 1561 Park Rd. It is a public beach with available life guards. The beach was previously named Whiting Beach." + ] + ], + [ + "Captain America: The Winter Soldier", + [ + "Principal photography began on April 1, 2013, at the Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios in Los Angeles, under the working title Freezer Burn. Scenes taking place on the Lemurian Star were filmed on the Sea Launch Commander, docked in Long Beach, California. In early May, Dominic Cooper confirmed he would return as Howard Stark. On May 14, 2013, production moved to Washington, D.C. with filming taking place at the National Mall and the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge. The following day, Garry Shandling was spotted on set reprising his Iron Man 2 role of Senator Stern. Other filming locations in Washington, D.C. included the Willard Hotel and Dupont Circle." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvan Beach Union Chapel", + [ + "Sylvan Beach Union Chapel is a historic interdenominational church building located at Sylvan Beach in Oneida County, New York. It opened on July 3, 1887 and worship services have been held there every summer since then. The film \"The Sterile Cuckoo\" starring Liza Minnelli was shot in part at the church." + ] + ], + [ + "Bang Bon District", + [ + "Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok." + ] + ], + [ + "South Beach, Florida", + [ + "South Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) on Orchid Island in Indian River County, Florida, United States. The population was 3,501 at the 2010 census. It is ranked tenth in Florida locations by per capita income as of 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "The Beach (film)", + [ + "Controversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004." + ] + ], + [ + "John and Elizabeth Shaw Sundy House", + [ + "The John and Elizabeth Shaw Sundy House is a historic home in Delray Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 106 South Swinton Avenue. On January 16, 1992, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "Snow White and the Huntsman", + [ + "Principal photography took place in the United Kingdom. The beach scenes were predominantly filmed in Pembrokeshire, on the Marloes Sands beach near the village of Marloes between September 26 and 29, 2011. Though the beach was not closed to the public during filming, as filming progressed, certain parts were advised to be off limits. A computer - generated castle was set on nearby Gateholm island. A field above the beach was used for production purposes, and a special wooden ramp was built for vehicles and horses to access the beach. The film used academic consultants from the University of Chichester and the University of Oxford for back - up research on fairy tales and medieval battles. The English band Florence and the Machine recorded ``Breath of Life ''exclusively for the film, which was reportedly inspired by Theron's character Queen Ravenna." + ] + ], + [ + "Garden City, South Carolina", + [ + "Garden City, sometimes known as Garden City Beach, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 9,209 at the 2010 census. Garden City Beach is located directly south of Surfside Beach. The developed part of the beach extends south beyond the limits of the Garden City CDP, into Georgetown County, and ends on a peninsula at the mouth of Murrells Inlet." + ] + ], + [ + "John Anderson Lodge", + [ + "The John Anderson Lodge is an historic site in Ormond Beach, Florida, United States, built for Ormond Beach promoter John Anderson (1853–1911). It is located at 71 Orchard Lane. On September 6, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "Vancouver Folk Music Festival", + [ + "The Vancouver Folk Music Festival (VFMF), founded in 1978, is an outdoor multistage music festival, located at Jericho Beach Park on the west side of Vancouver, British Columbia. It takes place annually, on the third weekend of July." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her \"continuance of hysterics\" over a \"miserable trifle\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Dillon Beach, California", + [ + "Dillon Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, United States. Dillon Beach is located west of Tomales, at an elevation of 89 feet (27 m). The population was 283 at the 2010 census. Dillon Beach was named after the founder, George Dillon, who settled there in 1858. The area includes a public access beach, as well as a private beach resort, the only private beach in California." + ] + ], + [ + "The Devil-Stone", + [ + "The Devil-Stone is a 1917 American silent romance film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and co-written by his mother Beatrice deMille and his sometime lover Jeanie MacPherson and starring Geraldine Farrar. The film had sequences filmed in the Handschiegl Color Process (billed as the \"DeMille-Wyckoff Process\")." + ] + ], + [ + "Ski Party", + [ + "Ski Party is a 1965 American sex comedy film directed by Alan Rafkin and starring Frankie Avalon and Dwayne Hickman. It was released by American International Pictures (AIP). \"Ski Party\" is considered as a beach party film spin-off, with a change of setting from the beach to the ski slopes – although the final scene places everyone back at the beach." + ] + ], + [ + "The Choice (2016 film)", + [ + "Principal photography on the film began on October 13, 2014, in Wilmington, North Carolina, and lasted through November 21. For the first three days, the crew and extras filmed at the Dockside Restaurant & Bar and Bridge Tender Marina along with actors, near Wrightsville Beach. On October 20, filming was taking place at Hanover Seaside Club in Wrightsville Beach. The production later moved to downtown Wilmington, where filming took place in a house." + ] + ], + [ + "Stinson Beach, California", + [ + "Stinson Beach is a census-designated place in Marin County, California, on the west coast of the United States. Stinson Beach is located east-southeast of Bolinas, at an elevation of 26 feet (8 m). The population of the Stinson Beach CDP (census-designated place) was 632 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "The Beaches of Agnès", + [ + "The Beaches of Agnès () is a 2008 French documentary film directed by Agnès Varda. The film is an autobiographical essay where Varda revisits places from her past, reminisces about life and celebrates her 80th birthday on camera. Varda said it would most likely be her last film, but released the documentary Faces Places a decade later." + ] + ], + [ + "Beatrice Van", + [ + "Beatrice Van (August 8, 1890, Omaha, Nebraska – July 4, 1983, Long Beach, California) was an American silent film actress. She was also a screenwriter for both silent and sound films." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__54651_169233", + "question": "What award did the singer of Never Had a Friend Like Me in Aladdin receive?", + "answer": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams", + 0 + ], + [ + "Friend Like Me", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "20th Century Boy", + [ + "Although the lyrical content of a lot of Marc Bolan's songs is ambiguous, analysis of the multi track recordings of 20th Century Boy reveals the first line of the song to be ``Friends say it's fine, friends say it's good / Everybody says it's just like Robin Hood, ''and not the often misquoted``... just like rock 'n' roll.''" + ] + ], + [ + "The Monster of Phineas-n-Ferbenstein", + [ + "Written by Martin Olson and Jon Colton Barry, \"The Monster of Phineas-n-Ferbenstein\" was directed by Zac Moncrief. Malcolm McDowell and Jane Carr guest star as Ferb's grandparents, who had appeared earlier in the season in \"A Hard Days Knight\" and \"The Flying Fishmonger.\" It originally aired on Disney Channel on October 17, 2008. The episode received generally positive reviews and was nominated for the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Special Class – Short-format Animated Programs\" in 2008, but the award was never given out." + ] + ], + [ + "Jonathan Freeman (actor)", + [ + "Jonathan Freeman (born February 5, 1950) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, puppeteer and comedian, known for puppetering and voicing Tito Swing in Shining Time Station and for voicing Jafar in Disney's Aladdin franchise, as well as the Kingdom Hearts franchise and the 2011 Aladdin Broadway musical." + ] + ], + [ + "Jonathan Freeman (actor)", + [ + "Jonathan Freeman (born February 5, 1950) is an American actor, voice actor, singer and puppeteer, known for puppetering and voicing Tito Swing in Shining Time Station and for voicing Jafar in Disney's Aladdin franchise, as well as the Kingdom Hearts franchise and the 2011 Aladdin Broadway musical." + ] + ], + [ + "June Gable", + [ + "June Gable (born June 5, 1945) is an American character actress, perhaps best known for her role as Joey's agent Estelle Leonard in the NBC sitcom Friends. She received one Tony Award nomination for her work on Broadway." + ] + ], + [ + "Stranger Things", + [ + "The first season was released on Netflix on July 15, 2016. It received critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, soundtrack, directing, writing, and homages to 1980s genre films. The series has received several industry nominations and awards, including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016, and receiving eighteen nominations for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series. On August 31, 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes, which was released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix ordered a third season. The Duffer Brothers have said that Stranger Things is likely to end after its fourth or fifth season." + ] + ], + [ + "Frédéric Chopin", + [ + "Chopin arrived in Paris in late September 1831; he would never return to Poland, thus becoming one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration. In France he used the French versions of his given names, and after receiving French citizenship in 1835, he travelled on a French passport. However, Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as friends and confidants and he never felt fully comfortable speaking French. Chopin's biographer Adam Zamoyski writes that he never considered himself to be French, despite his father's French origins, and always saw himself as a Pole." + ] + ], + [ + "Streets of Fire", + [ + "E.G. Daily who played Baby Doll says it was ``a very frustrating thing for me ''to not sing in the film`` Because Diane Lane was singing, and I remember thinking, ``Ah!'' It was so frustrating for me. It was painful. Because I wanted to be on that stage singing with those guys... But back then I always played those quirky characters. I did n't get those fancy leads. I got those best friend of the leads, quirky, funny characters. Hookers with a heart of gold. Weirdos. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "June Gable", + [ + "June Gable (born on June 5, 1945) is an American character actress, perhaps best known for her role as Joey's agent Estelle Leonard in the NBC sitcom Friends. She received one Tony Award nomination for her work on Broadway." + ] + ], + [ + "Carol Woods", + [ + "Carol Woods (born November 13, 1943) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in Across the Universe (2007), Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and The Honeymooners (2005). In February 2008 she received a standing ovation during the 50th Grammy Awards broadcast singing ``Let It Be ''from the soundtrack of the film Across the Universe, with Timothy Mitchum." + ] + ], + [ + "Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge", + [ + "Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge is a platform game based on the \"Aladdin\" franchise which was developed for the PlayStation and PC by Argonaut Games and distributed by Disney Interactive in 2001. In the game, Aladdin, Abu and Princess Jasmine fight against Jafar's sister Nasira who wants to bring him back to life. \"Nasira's Revenge\" received generally average or mediocre reviews." + ] + ], + [ + "List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams", + [ + "Robin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian who throughout the course of his career won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997). He also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"The Fisher King\" (1991) and \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993), along with the Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Friend Like Me", + [ + "``Friend Like Me ''is a song from the 1992 Disney film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993." + ] + ], + [ + "Yvonne Keuls", + [ + "Yvonne Keuls (Batavia (Jakarta), December 17, 1931) is a Dutch Indo writer. She writes novels about social problems, as well as about herself and her family. Her writing style is realistic and sometimes humorous. Her work has received several awards. Early the early 1970s, Keuls became a permanent panellist in the NCRV quiz show, \"Like father, like son\", and the variation, \"Like mother, like daughter\", \"Like mother, like son\", and \"Like father, like daughter\". In the 1980s, she took part in the NCRV's panel program. Keuls is married with children. Her filmography includes \"Jan Rap en Z'n Maat\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Yourself", + [ + "Lyrically, ``Love Yourself ''is a kiss - off to a narcissistic ex-lover who did the protagonist wrong, with Bieber singing in a snappy and spiteful tone while`` hating on a girl for loving herself too much.'' In the pre-chorus, he sings with a husky tone in the lower registers: ``My mama do n't like you, and she likes everyone, ''`` in a style that molds well to Sheeran's,'' according to Rolling Stone's Brittany Spanos. ``And I (never) like to admit that I was wrong. And I've been so caught up in my job, did n't see what's going on, and now I know, I'm better sleeping on my own, ''he continues. In the chorus, Bieber sings,`` Cause if you like the way you look that much, oh baby you should go and love yourself,'' which according to Digital Spy's Amy Davidson, ``'love yourself' means' go f * * k yourself 'in this context. ''On March 7, 2017, composer Ed Sheeran stated on the Howard Stern Show that he had Rihanna in mind for the song at first, and the original lyric was indeed`` fuck yourself.'' In the song's bridge, Bieber uses a ``brass - and - vocalese ''style." + ] + ], + [ + "John Ritter", + [ + "Jonathan Southworth Ritter (September 17, 1948 -- September 11, 2003) was an American actor and comedian. He was a son of the singing cowboy star Tex Ritter and the father of actors Jason Ritter and Tyler Ritter. Ritter was known for playing Jack Tripper on the ABC sitcom Three's Company (1977 -- 1984), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award in 1984. He briefly reprised the role on the spin - off Three's a Crowd, which aired for one season." + ] + ], + [ + "LegendMUD", + [ + "LegendMUD is a text-only MUD game founded by a group of friends including virtual world designer Raph Koster. It features historically significant story elements and award-winning gameplay. It opened publicly on February 14, 1994. It has received critical praise for its research and attention to detail in reconstructing past cultures within the game context." + ] + ], + [ + "Genie (Disney)", + [ + "The Genie is a jinni appearing in the Aladdin franchise from Disney. He is never given a proper name. He was voiced by Robin Williams in the first film. Following a contract dispute between Williams and the Walt Disney Company, Dan Castellaneta voiced the Genie throughout the direct - to - video feature The Return of Jafar, as well as the television series, before Williams reprised the role for the final installment, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, as well as for the character's own mini-series, Great Minds Think for Themselves. Castellaneta voiced the Genie in Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge and later the Kingdom Hearts series of video games by Square Enix and Disney Interactive Studios for both Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II (with archived audio used in other Kingdom Hearts games). Jim Meskimen took over the role in Disney Think Fast (2008) and Kinect Disneyland Adventures (2011) and currently voices him, after Williams' death in 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "You Never Know Who Your Friends Are", + [ + "You Never Know Who Your Friends Are is the second solo album by American multi-instrumentalist Al Kooper, issued in 1969 on Columbia Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Danny Jacobs (actor)", + [ + "``Afro Circus / I Like to Move It, ''performing as King Julien XIII's singing voice, along with Marty (Chris Rock) (2012)" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__347652_47134", + "question": "What is the mascot of the institution that owns Memorial Union?", + "answer": "Benny Beaver", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Benny Beaver", + 0 + ], + [ + "Memorial Union (Oregon State University)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Biff, the Michigan Wolverine", + [ + "BLUE, the Wolverine was a live wolverine who served as a team mascot at University of Michigan Wolverines football games and was later kept in a small zoo at the University of Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s. In the mid-1920s, before the acquisition of a live wolverine, the University of Michigan used a mounted and stuffed wolverine, also named ``Biff '', as the team mascot." + ] + ], + [ + "Billiken", + [ + "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976)." + ] + ], + [ + "NRL Mascot Mania", + [ + "NRL Mascot Mania is a National Rugby League video game, developed by Wicked Witch Software for Nintendo DS. It was released in July 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "At the Moulin Rouge", + [ + "\"At the Moulin Rouge\" is owned by the Art Institute of Chicago as part of the Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection, where it was first displayed on December 23, 1930. It was exhibited in London in 2011 at the Courtauld Institute of Art." + ] + ], + [ + "Francis Howell North High School", + [ + "Francis Howell North High School is a secondary school located in St. Charles, Missouri. The school's mascot is Norm the knight." + ] + ], + [ + "Aurora Bridge", + [ + "The Aurora Bridge (officially called the George Washington Memorial Bridge) is a cantilever and truss bridge that carries State Route 99 (Aurora Avenue North) over the west end of Seattle's Lake Union and connects Queen Anne and Fremont. The bridge is located just east of the Fremont Cut, which itself is spanned by the Fremont Bridge." + ] + ], + [ + "Svoboda Factory Club", + [ + "Svoboda Factory Club (Russian:Клуб фабрики \"Свобода\"), conceived as \"Chemists Trade Union Club\" (Клуб Химиков), also known as \"Maxim Gorky Palace of Culture\" (Дворец культуры имени Горького), is a listed memorial avant-garde building in Moscow, Russia, designed by Konstantin Melnikov in 1927 and completed in 1929. It is located at 41A, Vyatskaya Street, in Savyolovsky District." + ] + ], + [ + "Home (2012 film)", + [ + "Home: Love, Happiness, Memories (Thai title: \"Home\" , \"Home - Khwam Rak Khwam Suk Khwam Song Cham\") is a Thai drama film directed by Chookiat Sakveerakul. It was produced and distributed by Sahamongkolfilm International and released in Thailand on 19 April 2012. The film, set in Chiang Mai, consists of three continuous segments, each focusing on a group of characters whose relationships are revealed in the third segment. According to Chookiat, \"Unlike my previous works, \"Home\" doesn't question any social problems. It's more of a personal film that pulls together my own memories.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Independence Flagstaff", + [ + "Independence Flagstaff, also known as the Charles F. Murphy Memorial Flagpole, is an outdoor memorial by sculptor Anthony de Francisci, located in Union Square Park in Manhattan, New York, which commemorates the 150th anniversary of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. The memorial was cast in 1926 and dedicated on July 4, 1930. It was made of steel, with copper sheathing, and is set on a granite pedestal which includes bronze bas-reliefs and plaques. The monument is in axial alignment with \"Abraham Lincoln\" and \"George Washington\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Above and Below", + [ + "Above and Below is an installation by American artist Maya Lin, the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is on display at and owned by the Indianapolis Museum of Art located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The artwork was inspired by underground water systems in Indiana." + ] + ], + [ + "Gallant Fox", + [ + "Gallant Fox, a bay horse with a white blaze, was foaled at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, and was one of many leading American racehorses sired by the French-bred stallion Sir Gallahad III. His dam was the mare Marguerite, who also produced Gallant Fox's full brother Fighting Fox, whose wins included the Grand Union Hotel Stakes, the Wood Memorial Stakes, and the Carter Handicap. Owned by the Belair Stud of Collington, Maryland, Gallant Fox was trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons and ridden in his major victories by Earl Sande." + ] + ], + [ + "Peavey Memorial Library", + [ + "Peavey Memorial Library is an historic public library in downtown Eastport, Maine, United States. Built in 1893, it was named for Albert Peavey, an Eastport resident whose son, Frank Peavey, left Eastport and eventually owned a major grain company in Minnesota in the late 1800s. Frank Peavey left money to Eastport for the establishment of the Peavey Memorial Library in his father's honor." + ] + ], + [ + "Servus Credit Union", + [ + "Servus Credit Union is a member-owned, community-based financial institution based in Edmonton, Alberta, and in 2015 became the second largest credit union in Canada and the largest credit union in Alberta. Servus has around 380,000 members who are served by close to 2,400 employees from 102 locations in 59 communities across Alberta and as of 2016 has $13.2 billion in assets under its administration." + ] + ], + [ + "Benny Beaver", + [ + "Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s." + ] + ], + [ + "Mascot Madness!", + [ + "Mascot Madness! is the third book of the \"Schooling Around\" series by Andy Griffiths. It was published in 2009 by Pan Macmillan Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Pilgrim Memorial State Park", + [ + "Pilgrim Memorial State Park comprises two monuments — Plymouth Rock and the National Monument to the Forefathers — in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Closely related to these memorials is the Myles Standish Monument State Reservation which can be seen across the Plymouth Bay in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, these sites are managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation." + ] + ], + [ + "What Katy Did", + [ + "Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories." + ] + ], + [ + "Memorial Union (Oregon State University)", + [ + "The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas." + ] + ], + [ + "First Calgary Financial", + [ + "First Calgary Financial is a member-owned financial institution based out of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The organization was established in 1987 through the merger of seven open-bond credit unions, as well as two additional credit union purchases. The first member-owned credit union that would eventually become First Calgary Financial was founded in 1938." + ] + ], + [ + "Weltzheimer/Johnson House", + [ + "The Weltzheimer/Johnson House is a Usonian style house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in Oberlin, Ohio. Now owned by Oberlin College, it is operated as part of the Allen Memorial Art Museum. The house was originally named the Charles Weltzheimer Residence." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__59048_827343", + "question": "Whose sister played Susie in miracle on 34th street?", + "answer": "Lana Wood", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Miracle on 34th Street", + 0 + ], + [ + "Five Finger Exercise", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade", + [ + "In 1924, the annual Thanksgiving parade started in Newark, New Jersey by Louis Bamberger at the Bamberger's store was transferred to New York City by Macy's. In New York, the employees marched to Macy's flagship store on 34th Street dressed in vibrant costumes. There were floats, professional bands and live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo. At the end of that first parade, as has been the case with every parade since, Santa Claus was welcomed into Herald Square. At this first parade, Santa was enthroned on the Macy's balcony at the 34th Street store entrance, where he was then ``crowned ''`` King of the Kiddies.'' With an audience of over 250,000 people, the parade was such a success that Macy's declared it would become an annual event." + ] + ], + [ + "Sloane House YMCA", + [ + "The Sloane House YMCA, also known as William Sloane House YMCA, at 356 West 34th Street in Manhattan was the largest residential YMCA building in the nation." + ] + ], + [ + "Miracle on 34th Street", + [ + "Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope Paul VI", + [ + "In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff." + ] + ], + [ + "Harold Owen", + [ + "(William) Harold Owen (5 September 1897 - 26 November 1971) was the younger brother and biographer of the English poet and soldier, Wilfred Owen. He was born at the home of his paternal grandparents in Canon Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, where his parents and older siblings then lodged before his father moved on promotion to a station master's post at Birkenhead in 1898." + ] + ], + [ + "Miracle on 34th Street", + [ + "Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade (Percy Helton) is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street." + ] + ], + [ + "Susie, Washington", + [ + "Susie is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, located approximately 25 miles southwest of Othello on the Hanford Nuclear Reservation." + ] + ], + [ + "Tora Suber", + [ + "Tora Suber (born November 23, 1974) is a former professional basketball player who played for the Charlotte Sting and Orlando Miracle in the WNBA. She played a total of 83 games." + ] + ], + [ + "James Remar", + [ + "William James Remar (born December 31, 1953), is an American actor and voice actor. He played Richard, the on - off tycoon boyfriend of Kim Cattrall's character in Sex and the City, Ajax in The Warriors (1979), homicidal maniac Albert Ganz in the thriller 48 Hrs. (1982), gangster Dutch Schultz in The Cotton Club (1984), Lord Raiden in Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997), Giuseppe Salvatore in The CW TV series The Vampire Diaries, Jack Duff in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), and Harry Morgan in the Showtime TV series Dexter. Since 2009, he has done voiceover work in ads for Lexus luxury cars. James Remar also studied acting at The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "Chickasaw, Louisville", + [ + "Chickasaw is a neighborhood in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Its boundaries are West Broadway, 34th Street, Hale Avenue and Chickasaw Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri", + [ + "Susie Bootja Bootja Napaltjarri (also referred to as Susie Bootja Bootja Napangardi, Napangarti, or Napangati) (c. 1935 – 16 January 2003) was an Indigenous artist from Australia's Western Desert region. Born south-west of Balgo, Western Australia, in the 1950s Susie Bootja Bootja married artist Mick Gill Tjakamarra, with whom she had a son, Matthew Gill Tjupurrula (also an artist)." + ] + ], + [ + "Five Finger Exercise", + [ + "The film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood." + ] + ], + [ + "Miracle on Ice", + [ + "The ``Miracle on Ice ''refers to a medal - round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States, and the four - time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Bit part", + [ + "Bit parts are often significant in the story line and sometimes pivotal, as in Jack Albertson's role as a postal worker in the 1947 feature film Miracle on 34th Street. Some characters with bit parts attract significant attention. Constantin Stanislavski remarked that ``there are no small parts, only small actors. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Mara Wilson", + [ + "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing." + ] + ], + [ + "The Miracle Child", + [ + "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist séance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career." + ] + ], + [ + "Miracle of the White Stallions", + [ + "Miracle of the White Stallions is a 1963 film released by Walt Disney starring Robert Taylor (playing Alois Podhajsky), Lilli Palmer, and Eddie Albert. It is the story of the evacuation of the Lipizzaner horses from the Spanish Riding School in Vienna during World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Noodle", + [ + "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program." + ] + ], + [ + "Mississauga Power", + [ + "The Mississauga Power were a Canadian professional basketball team based in Mississauga, Ontario, that competed in the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL). Established in as the Oshawa Power, they played in the Central Division. The Oshawa team began play in the inaugural NBL Canada season, along with the London Lightning, Moncton Miracles, and Summerside Storm and three Premier Basketball League (PBL) teams." + ] + ], + [ + "Miracle on 34th Street", + [ + "Miracle on 34th Street Theatrical release poster Directed by George Seaton Produced by William Perlberg Screenplay by George Seaton Story by Valentine Davies Starring Maureen O'Hara John Payne Natalie Wood Edmund Gwenn Music by Cyril J. Mockridge Cinematography Lloyd Ahern Charles G. Clarke Edited by Robert L. Simpson Production company 20th Century Fox Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date June 4, 1947 (1947 - 06 - 04) Running time 96 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $630,000 Box office $2.7 million (US rentals)" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__358270_108549", + "question": "Who wrote the TV Series containing the Finale episodes?", + "answer": "Alfred Gough", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Smallville", + 0 + ], + [ + "Finale (Smallville)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Lay Down Your Burdens", + [ + "\"Lay Down Your Burdens\" is the two-part second-season finale of the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series. Part 1 aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on March 3, 2006; Part 2 aired on March 10, 2006 as a 90-minute special." + ] + ], + [ + "The English Teacher", + [ + "The English Teacher is a 1945 novel written by R.K. Narayan. It is the third and final part in the 'Malgudi Days ''series, preceded by Swami and Friends (1935) and The Bachelor of Arts (1937)." + ] + ], + [ + "Dreamscaperers", + [ + "``Dreamscaperers ''is the nineteenth episode of the first season in the animated series Gravity Falls. The episode is the first of the two - part season finale, the second being`` Gideon Rises''. It was first broadcast on July 12, 2013, on the Disney Channel. It was written by series creator Alex Hirsch, alongside Matt Chapman and Tim McKeon, and directed by Joe Pitt and John Aoshima. It marks the first appearance of Bill Cipher." + ] + ], + [ + "Smallville", + [ + "Smallville is an American television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The series, initially broadcast by The WB, premiered on October 16, 2001. After \"Smallville\"s fifth season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, the series' later United States broadcaster. \"Smallville\", which ended its tenth and final season on May 13, 2011, follows Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, before he becomes known as Superman. The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school. After season five \"Smallville\" ventures into adult settings, eventually focusing on his career at the \"Daily Planet\" and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains." + ] + ], + [ + "Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith", + [ + "Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith is a two-part story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC on 15 and 16 November 2010. It is the sixth and final story of the fourth series and is also the last to feature the robot dog K9." + ] + ], + [ + "The Sopranos (season 6)", + [ + "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series The Sopranos was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu - ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 23, 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Shades of Blue (TV series)", + [ + "In March 2017, the series was renewed for a third season. NBC later announced in April 2018 that this would be the final season, and that it would consist of 10 episodes. The third and final season premiered on June 17, 2018, and the series finale aired on August 19, 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Evil Con Carne", + [ + "Evil Con Carne is an American animated series/spin-off of \"Grim & Evil\" and sister show of \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\", created by Maxwell Atoms. The series first appeared on Cartoon Network during the show \"Grim & Evil\", along with \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\". The two series later became separate programs in 2003. While \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\" ran for six seasons, \"Evil Con Carne\" only ran for fourteen episodes and ended on October 22, 2004. It was also part of Cartoon Network's brand, \"Cartoon Cartoons\", and is the 15th and final cartoon of the series (albeit when it was part of \"Grim & Evil\", due to the \"Cartoon Cartoons\" brand being temporarily discontinued earlier in October 2003; the show itself is considered by some to be a \"Cartoon Cartoon\" regardless). An official series finale, titled \"Company Halt\", aired on March 16, 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Gavin & Stacey", + [ + "The show was produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Wales. It ran for a total of 20 episodes; these were broadcast from 13 May 2007 to 1 January 2010, comprising three series and two Christmas specials. Initially, the series was shown on BBC Three, but a growing following meant that it was subsequently moved to BBC Two, and finally BBC One. The last episodes of the final series formed a significant part of the prime time BBC seasonal programming, and were broadcast on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "The Sopranos (season 6)", + [ + "The sixth and final season of the HBO drama series \"The Sopranos\" was broadcast in two parts, the first beginning on March 12, 2006 and ending after twelve episodes on June 4, 2006. The first of the final nine episodes premiered on April 8, 2007 with the series finale airing on June 10, 2007. The season was initially meant to consist of twenty episodes, but creator David Chase asked for one more to properly round out the story. The first part was released on DVD in region 1 on November 7, 2006, and on Blu-ray on December 19, 2006. The second part was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 23, 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Dreamscaperers", + [ + "\"Dreamscaperers\" is the nineteenth episode of the first season in the animated series \"Gravity Falls\". The episode is the first of the two-part season finale, the second being \"Gideon Rises\". It was first broadcast on July 12, 2013, on the Disney Channel. It was written by series creator Alex Hirsch, alongside Matt Chapman and Tim McKeon, and directed by Joe Pitt and John Aoshima. It marks the first appearance of Bill Cipher." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Downton Abbey episodes", + [ + "Downton Abbey is a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece. It first aired on ITV in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2010, and on PBS in the United States on 9 January 2011, as part of the Masterpiece Classic anthology. Six series have been made, the sixth airing in the autumn of 2015 in the UK and Ireland, and in January 2016 in the United States. On 26 March 2015, the sixth series was confirmed to be the final series, with the final episode airing in the UK on 25 December 2015 on ITV. During the course of the programme, 52 episodes of Downton Abbey aired over six series." + ] + ], + [ + "1952 Stanley Cup Finals", + [ + "The 1952 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the Montreal Canadiens in the first of the four Detroit-Montreal Final series of the 1950s. The Canadiens were appearing in their second straight Finals series, while Detroit was returning after winning the 1950 Final. The Red Wings would win the series 4–0, shutting out the Canadiens twice and allowing one goal in each of the other two games. By doing so, the Red Wings became the first team to go perfect in the playoffs." + ] + ], + [ + "This Is America, Charlie Brown", + [ + "This Is America, Charlie Brown is an eight-part animated television miniseries, that depicts a series of events in American history featuring characters from the Charles M. Schulz comic strip \"Peanuts\". It aired from 1988 to 1989 on CBS. The first four episodes aired as a weekly series in October and November 1988; the final four episodes aired monthly from February to May 1989." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Gavin & Stacey episodes", + [ + "The show was produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Wales. It ran for a total of 20 episodes, broadcast from 13 May 2007 to 1 January 2010, comprising three series and two Christmas specials. Initially, the series was shown on (now digital - only since 2016) channel BBC Three, but a growing following meant that it was subsequently moved to BBC Two, and finally BBC One. The last episodes of the final series formed a significant part of the prime time BBC seasonal programming, and were broadcast on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown", + [ + "Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown is an American travel and food show on CNN which premiered on April 14, 2013. In the show, Anthony Bourdain travels the world uncovering lesser-known places and exploring their cultures and cuisine. The show won ten Primetime Emmy Awards out of 31 nominations, as well as a 2013 Peabody Award. The digital series Explore Parts Unknown, an editorial partnership with Roads & Kingdoms, won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Nonfiction or Reality Series. Parts Unknown aired the last collection of episodes on CNN in the autumn of 2018. The series finale, titled \"Lower East Side\" — bringing Bourdain's culinary travelogue full circle back to Bourdain's hometown of New York — aired November 11, 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "The Finale (Seinfeld)", + [ + "``The Finale ''is the two - part series finale of the American sitcom Seinfeld. They are the 179th and 180th episodes of the show and the 23rd and 24th episodes of the ninth season. It aired on NBC May 14, 1998 to an audience of 76 million viewers. Its initial running time was 1 hour and 15 minutes." + ] + ], + [ + "The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding", + [ + "``The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding ''is a double length episode of the television sitcom Friends. It first aired on May 17, 2001 as the finale of season seven. It is usually broadcast in a one - hour slot and presented on DVD as one complete episode, but when the episodes are split the two parts are differentiated by the suffixes Part 1 and Part 2. For his guest appearance, Gary Oldman was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series." + ] + ], + [ + "Super Chinese Fighter EX", + [ + "Super Chinese Fighter EX is a fighting video game for the Game Boy Color released by Culture Brain in 1999. It is part of the \"Super Chinese\" series and is the final \"Fighter\" game in the series." + ] + ], + [ + "Finale (Smallville)", + [ + "\"Finale\" is the title of the two-episode series finale of the superhero television series \"Smallville\". The episodes are the 21st and 22nd of the 10th season, and the 216th and 217th episodes overall. The finale originally aired on The CW in the United States on May 13, 2011. The first half was written by Al Septien and Turi Meyer, and directed by Kevin G. Fair, and the second half was written by Kelly Souders and Brian Peterson, and directed by Greg Beeman." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__524186_219173_862998_72134", + "question": "When did the city where Hillcrest High School is located become capitol of the state where the screenwriter of The Poor Boob was born?", + "answer": "1839", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Hillcrest High School (Springfield, Missouri)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Margaret Mayo (playwright)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Poor Boob", + 0 + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hillcrest High School (Springfield, Missouri)", + [ + "Hillcrest High School is a high school located at 3319 N. Grant Avenue in Springfield, Missouri. Hillcrest High School is one of five public high schools in Springfield Public Schools. It is located in the north part of Springfield. It was opened in 1958. As of 2015, there was an enrollment of 1,054 students, making it the smallest of the five public high schools in Springfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Maecheon High School", + [ + "Maecheon High School is a high school in Daegu, South Korea. The plan to establish the school was approved on 25 May 2006, and on 4 March 2008, the first entrance ceremony was held. The motto of the school is \"Become needed person\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Union territory", + [ + "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana." + ] + ], + [ + "Stroman High School", + [ + "Victoria Stroman High School served as a high school for the Victoria Independent School District in Victoria, Texas, United States. Stroman High School was open from 1967 to 2000, when it consolidated with Victoria High School to become Memorial High School. Stroman high school is now Stroman Middle school due to the districts changes in 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Margaret Mayo (playwright)", + [ + "Margaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten (November 19, 1882 in Brownsville, Illinois – February 25, 1951), was an American actress, playwright and screenwriter." + ] + ], + [ + "Fenton High School (Illinois)", + [ + "Fenton High School, or FHS, is a public four-year high school located in Bensenville, Illinois, located on the western border of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the only school in Community High School District 100." + ] + ], + [ + "Borough House Plantation", + [ + "Borough House Plantation, also known as Borough House, Hillcrest Plantation and Anderson Place, is an historic plantation on South Carolina Highway 261, north of its intersection with U.S. Route 76/US Route 378 in Stateburg, in the High Hills of Santee near Sumter, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, the plantation is noted as the largest assemblage of high-style pisé (rammed earth) structures in the United States. The main house and six buildings on the plantation were built using this technique, beginning in 1821. The plantation is also notable as the home of Confederate Army General Richard H. Anderson." + ] + ], + [ + "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School", + [ + "Wichita Northeast Magnet High School, known locally as Northeast, is a magnet high school for the Wichita School District and is located in Bel Aire, Kansas, United States. Wichita Northeast Magnet High School was the first magnet high school in Kansas. The magnet areas at Northeast include visual arts, science, and law. Students are also exposed to mathematics and language arts. Since it is a magnet school, there is no district boundary placed by the school district, meaning any high school age student within the Wichita city limits, can attend the school without requiring a special transfer, they still, however, are required to apply for the school, then students are selected at random to attend." + ] + ], + [ + "The Poor Boob", + [ + "The Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and written by Margaret Mayo, Z. Wall Covington and Gardner Hunting. The film stars Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins. The film was released on March 9, 1919, by Paramount Pictures." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount View High School (Maine)", + [ + "Mount View High School is a public high school located in Thorndike, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Maine School Administrative District 3, and serves students from the towns of Brooks, Freedom, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Monroe, Montville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity and Waldo." + ] + ], + [ + "Tranquillity, California", + [ + "Tranquillity is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 799 at the 2010 census, down from 813 at the 2000 census. Tranquillity High School is the only high school in Tranquillity. Tranquillity is located southeast of Mendota, at an elevation of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Ryan Molloy", + [ + "Originally from North Shields in Tyneside, he attended Monkseaton High School. He left high school at the age of 16 in 1989. Molloy later moved to London to train as an actor. He attended The Poor School; and later also trained at the University of California, Los Angeles and New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + [ + "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gaylord High School", + [ + "Gaylord High School is located in Gaylord, Michigan, United States. It is the fifth-largest high school in the Big North Athletic Conference, serving approximately 1019 students in grades 9-12. This classifies it as a \"Class A\" high school. GHS is part of Gaylord Community Schools. Its location places it in the MHSAA's Big North Conference and the MSBOA's District II. GHS employs 53 teachers. , the Principal is Chris Hodges." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Spring High School", + [ + "Spring High School is a public high school located in the Spring census-designated place in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Mortified", + [ + "\"Mortified\" was created by screenwriter and author Angela Webber. Series director is Pino Amenta. It consists of 26 24-minute episodes. The first season of \"Mortified\" had a budget of A$9.3 million. It was shot entirely on location in Coolangatta on the Gold Coast while most of the school scenes were filmed at the local Palm Beach Currumbin High School, starting on 8 June 2005. \"Mortified\" was launched in Cannes at MIPTV in April 2006." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__238499_431914", + "question": "What administrative territorial entity includes the arrondissement that contains the Digne Cathedral?", + "answer": "Alpes-de-Haute-Provence", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains", + 0 + ], + [ + "Digne Cathedral", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Canton of Wormhout", + [ + "Canton of Wormhout is an administrative division, located in Nord \"département\" and Hauts-de-France \"région\" in France. All communes of the canton of Wormhout are part of the arrondissement of Dunkirk." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains", + [ + "The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Since the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it has had 46 communes." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer", + [ + "The Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\" (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur \"région\"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. The communes of the canton joined the canton of Beausoleil." + ] + ], + [ + "Digne Cathedral", + [ + "Digne Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Digne-les-Bains, France. The cathedral has been a \"monument historique\" since 1906. It is the seat of the Bishops of Digne, Riez and Sisteron, formerly Bishops of Digne." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Arrondissement of Veurne", + [ + "The Arrondissement of Veurne (; ) is one of the eight administrative arrondissements in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. However, the Judicial Arrondissement of Veurne also comprises all municipalities in the Arrondissement of Diksmuide." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint-Avold 1st Canton", + [ + "The 1st Canton of Saint-Avold is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Forbach, in the Moselle \"département\" (Lorraine \"région\"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 28,837 inhabitants as of 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__567737_141375_458768_33637", + "question": "How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in the city where the headquarters of the company that Study in Brown's record label is a part of?", + "answer": "two", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "EmArcy Records", + 0 + ], + [ + "Study in Brown", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Blues for We", + [ + "Blues for We is the third album by American blues guitarist Mel Brown (guitarist) recorded in 1969 for the Impulse! label." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + [ + "Around the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community." + ] + ], + [ + "Biltmore Records", + [ + "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business." + ] + ], + [ + "Miami", + [ + "Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and UniMÁS have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami. Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "Nigeria is often referred to as the \"Giant of Africa\", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples." + ] + ], + [ + "EmArcy Records", + [ + "EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company." + ] + ], + [ + "Brown and Roach Incorporated", + [ + "Brown and Roach Incorporated is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clifford Brown and drummer Max Roach featuring tracks recorded in August 1954 and released on the EmArcy label." + ] + ], + [ + "Costa Ricans", + [ + "Costa Ricans (Spanish: Costarricenses), also called Ticos, are from a multiethnic Spanish speaking nation in Central America called Costa Rica. Costa Ricans are predominantly mestizos, whites and castizos (halfway between white and mestizo), but their country is considered a multiethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. As a result, modern - day Costa Ricans do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities. Costa Rica has four small minority groups: Mulattoes, Blacks, Asians, and Amerindians. In addition to the ``Indigenas '', whites, mestizos, blacks and mulattoes, Costa Rica is also home to thousands of Asians. Most of the Chinese and Indians now living in the country are descendants of those that arrived during the 19th century as migrant workers." + ] + ], + [ + "Rebelle Records", + [ + "Rebelle Records AB is a record label founded by Björn Afzelius in 1988. The name is a convergence of his two daughters' names \"Rebecca\" and \"Isabelle\". The company, which holds the rights to all of Afzelius music is now located in Snekkersten, Denmark." + ] + ], + [ + "Study in Brown", + [ + "Study in Brown (EmArcy Records, 1955) is a Clifford Brown and Max Roach album. The album consists predominantly of originals by members of the band. The songs \"Lands End\", by tenor saxophonist Harold Land, and \"Sandu\", by Brown, have gone on to become jazz standards. The song \"George's Dilemma\" is also known as \"Ulcer Department\". Brown's solo on \"Cherokee\" is among the most acclaimed solos in jazz." + ] + ], + [ + "Qing dynasty", + [ + "Han Chinese Banners were made up of Han Chinese who defected to the Qing up to 1644 and joined the Eight Banners, giving them social and legal privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. This multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority conquered China for the Qing." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label." + ] + ], + [ + "Jam Session (album)", + [ + "Jam Session is a live album by American trumpeters Clifford Brown, Clark Terry and Canadian trumpeter Maynard Ferguson featuring tracks recorded in early 1954 and released on the EmArcy label. The album was recorded at the same session that produced Dinah Washington's \"Dinah Jams\" and is often credited to the Clifford Brown All Stars." + ] + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + [ + "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California." + ] + ], + [ + "Three for Shepp", + [ + "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label." + ] + ], + [ + "Toshiko Plays Billy Strayhorn", + [ + "Toshiko Plays Billy Strayhorn (also released as A Tribute to Billy Strayhorn (JAM) and Dedications III (Alfa)) is a jazz album recorded by two different configurations of the Toshiko Akiyoshi Trio in 1978. It was released on the Discomate record label (and later by Alfa Records) in Japan and on the JAM Record label in the USA." + ] + ], + [ + "Honey in the Lion's Head", + [ + "Honey in the Lion's Head is an album by folk singer/guitarist Greg Brown. It is his second release on the Trailer Records label." + ] + ], + [ + "100% English", + [ + "100% English is a Channel 4 television programme shown in November 2006 in the United Kingdom. It looked at the genetic makeup of English people who considered themselves to be ethnically English and found that while all had an ethnic makeup similar to people of European descent, a minority discovered genetic markers from North Africa and the Middle East from several generations before they were born. The presenter was Andrew Graham-Dixon. The test results were interpreted by DNAPrint Genomics, based in Sarasota, Florida, United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Greeks", + [ + "Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__685930_110949", + "question": "What is the date of birth for the performer of Hits?", + "answer": "11 September 1962", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Hits (Mauro Scocco album)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mauro Scocco", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Switched at Birth (season 5)", + [ + "On October 21, 2015, Freeform announced that it has picked up a fifth season of its hit original drama series Switched at Birth. The fifth season premiered on January 31, 2017. On March 11, 2016, it was confirmed that the ten - episode fifth season would be the last." + ] + ], + [ + "Jack & Diane", + [ + "``Jack & Diane ''is a 1982 hit rock song written and performed by American singer - songwriter John Mellencamp, then performing as`` John Cougar.'' It appears on Mellencamp's album American Fool. It was chosen by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as one of the Songs of the Century. The single spent four weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982, and, to date, is Mellencamp's most successful hit single." + ] + ], + [ + "This Child", + [ + "This Child is the second album by Susan Aglukark, released in 1995. The album was Susan's commercial breakthrough in Canada, spawning chart hits with \"O Siem\" and \"Hina Na Ho (Celebration)\", and making Susan the first Inuk performer ever to have a Top 40 hit." + ] + ], + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli", + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period." + ] + ], + [ + "Giuseppe Demachi", + [ + "Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders", + [ + "43 different players have recorded at least six hits in an extra-inning Major League Baseball (MLB) game to date. Only Jimmie Foxx has accomplished the feat more than once in his career and no player has ever amassed more than nine hits in a game, with Johnny Burnett holding that distinction. Kirby Puckett is the only player to collect six hits in both a nine - inning and an extra-inning game." + ] + ], + [ + "Jesse Bennett", + [ + "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794." + ] + ], + [ + "Ana Free", + [ + "Ana Gomes Ferreira, known professionally as Ana Free, is a singer, musician, songwriter and performer who has had a series of top-five hit singles, including 4 number one hits, in Portugal. She has a growing musical presence on the popular video sharing website YouTube, gaining over 34 million views to date. Ana Free's single \"Electrical Storm\" from her debut album \"Together\" occupied the number 1 spot on the MTV Portugal Top 50 National Music Chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Clara Morris", + [ + "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress." + ] + ], + [ + "Hits (Mauro Scocco album)", + [ + "Hits is the first greatest hits album by Swedish pop music artist Mauro Scocco. It was released in 1997 on Scocco's own record label Diesel Music and Hollywood Records in the United States and Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived. This label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Date's biggest success was \"Time of the Season\" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969. The label was discontinued in 1970." + ] + ], + [ + "Drop the Pilot", + [ + "\"Drop the Pilot\" is a song written and originally performed by Joan Armatrading. It was the first single to be released from Armatrading's 1983 album \"The Key\", and was her third and (to date) final UK top 40 hit. It reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, and spent a total of ten weeks in the Top 40. The single was Armatrading's only appearance on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it spent six weeks, peaking at number 78 on 25 June 1983." + ] + ], + [ + "Free Ride (song)", + [ + "\"Free Ride\" is a song written by Dan Hartman and performed by The Edgar Winter Group. The single, engineered by Jim Reeves, was a top 15 U.S. hit in 1973, hitting number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 10 on \"Cash Box.\" In Canada, it peaked at number eight." + ] + ], + [ + "1.22.03.Acoustic", + [ + "1.22.03.Acoustic, so named for the date it was recorded live at the Hit Factory, New York, is a live EP by Californian band Maroon 5. It contains acoustic versions of many of the songs on their international hit album, \"Songs About Jane\", as well as two cover songs (The Beatles' \"If I Fell\" and AC/DC's \"Highway to Hell\")." + ] + ], + [ + "Madonna (entertainer)", + [ + "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her." + ] + ], + [ + "Maureen Payne", + [ + "Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberta Flack", + [ + "On her own, Flack scored her second # 1 hit in 1973, ``Killing Me Softly with His Song ''written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel, and originally performed by Lori Lieberman. It was awarded both Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female at the 1974 Grammy Awards. Its parent album was Flack's biggest - selling disc, eventually earning double platinum certification. In 1974, Flack released`` Feel Like Makin 'Love,'' which became her third and final # 1 hit to date on the Hot 100. That same year, Flack sang the lead on a Sherman Brothers song called ``Freedom '', which featured prominently at the opening and closing of the movie Huckleberry Finn." + ] + ], + [ + "Mauro Scocco", + [ + "Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Halfcrazy", + [ + "\"Halfcrazy\" is a song performed by Musiq Soulchild (then credited as Musiq), issued as the lead single from his second studio album \"Juslisen\". The single was released only on vinyl; and it contains a sample of \"Vivre Pour Vivre\" by Francis Lai. The song is Musiq's biggest hit to date on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at No. 16 in 2002." + ] + ], + [ + "Hey Now Now", + [ + "\"Hey Now Now\" is the first single by pop rock group Swirl 360 from their debut studio album, \"Ask Anybody\". The song is the band's only significant hit to date, making them a one-hit wonder." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__278222_42197_18397", + "question": "Where did the leader who argued that the country of citizenship of Vladimir Lefebvre had become imperialist, declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vladimir Lefebvre", + 0 + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Declaration of war by the United States", + [ + "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "Palace of the Soviets", + [ + "The Palace of the Soviets (, \"Dvorets Sovetov\") was a project to construct an administrative center and a congress hall in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (present-day Russian Federation) near the Kremlin, on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The architectural contest for the Palace of the Soviets (1931–1933) was won by Boris Iofan's neoclassical concept, subsequently revised by Iofan, Vladimir Shchuko and Vladimir Gelfreikh into a skyscraper. If built, it would have become the world's tallest structure of its time. Construction started in 1937, and was terminated by the German invasion in 1941. In 1941–1942, its steel frame was disassembled for use in fortifications and bridges. Construction was never resumed. In 1958, the foundations of the Palace were converted into what would become the world's largest open-air swimming pool, the Moskva Pool. The Cathedral was rebuilt in 1995–2000." + ] + ], + [ + "War on Terror", + [ + "The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ], + [ + "Kievan Rus'", + [ + "In the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by the city of Vladimir, which become the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal'. The combined principality of Vladimir-Suzdal asserted itself as a major power in Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century. In 1169 Prince Andrey Bogolyubskiy of Vladimir-Suzdal sacked the city of Kiev and took over the title of the (Великий Князь/Velikiy Knyaz/Grand Prince or Grand Duke) to Vladimir, this way claiming the primacy in Rus'. Prince Andrey then installed his younger brother, who ruled briefly in Kiev while Andrey continued to rule his realm from Suzdal. In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan moved from Kiev to the city of Vladimir and Vladimir-Suzdal." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir Lefebvre", + [ + "Vladimir Lefebvre (Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Лефе́вр, born 1936 in Leningrad, USSR) is a mathematical psychologist at the University of California, Irvine. He has created equations that are supposed to predict the large-scale consequences of individual actions. Among the parameters in the equations are the self image of the individual and the action as perceived via this self-image. The result is a number expressing the probability that the individual in question will perform a specific action." + ] + ], + [ + "John, King of England", + [ + "John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir-Suzdal", + [ + "Vladimir-Suzdal (, \"Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya\"), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus' formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157–1331) (, \"Vladimiro-Suzdal'skoye knyazhestvo\"; ), was one of the major principalities that succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand duchy divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of principality, however, was prescribed by a Khan declaration (jarlig) issued from the Golden Horde to a noble family of any of smaller principalities." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person." + ] + ], + [ + "Communism in Korea", + [ + "Alexandra Kim, a Korean who lived in Russia, is sometimes credited as the first Korean communist. She had joined the Bolsheviks in 1916. In 1917, Vladimir Lenin sent her to Siberia to mobilize Koreans there against the counter-revolutionary forces and the Allied Expeditionary Forces. In Khabarovsk Kim was in charge of external affairs at the Far - Eastern Department of the Party. There she met with Yi Dong - Wi, Kim Rip and other Korean independence fighters. Together they founded the Korean People's Socialist Party, the first Korean communist party on June 28, 1918." + ] + ], + [ + "Ogaden War", + [ + "As Somalia gained military strength, Ethiopia grew weaker. In September 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie had been overthrown by the Derg (the military council), marking a period of turmoil. The Derg quickly fell into internal conflict to determine who would have primacy. Meanwhile, various anti-Derg as well as separatist movements began throughout the country. The regional balance of power now favoured Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "Sophia (robot)", + [ + "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''.." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__23459_35124", + "question": "How many books were said to be written by the most influential in Islamic philosophy?", + "answer": "450", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "History of science", + 0 + ], + [ + "Muslim world", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Grundzüge der Mengenlehre", + [ + "Grundzüge der Mengenlehre (German for \"Basics of Set Theory\") is an influential book on set theory written by Felix Hausdorff." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur F. Holmes", + [ + "Arthur Frank Holmes (March 15, 1924 – October 8, 2011) was an English philosopher who served as Professor of Philosophy at Wheaton College in Illinois from 1951 to 1994. He is remembered for his contribution to Christian higher education in the United States not only by teaching and building the philosophy department at Wheaton, but also by writing influential books and articles about the philosophy of Christian education, participating in the creation of the Society of Christian Philosophers, and encouraging his students to go on for graduate study and become academic leaders in their own rights. Wheaton College President Philip Ryken said \"It would be hard to think of anyone who has had a greater impact on Christian higher education than Arthur Holmes.\" Holmes died in Wheaton, Illinois, on October 8, 2011, at age 87." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife." + ] + ], + [ + "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", + [ + "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, \"Is Religion Possible\", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards." + ] + ], + [ + "History of science", + [ + "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology." + ] + ], + [ + "The Everglades: River of Grass", + [ + "The Everglades: River of Grass is a non-fiction book written by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in 1947. Published the same year as the formal opening of Everglades National Park, the book was a call to attention about the degrading quality of life in the Everglades and remains an influential book on nature conservation as well as a reference for information on South Florida. It was used as recently as 2007 by \"The New York Times\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Muslim world", + [ + "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia." + ] + ], + [ + "Political philosophy", + [ + "Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi (Alkindus), al-Farabi (Abunaser), İbn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and Ibn Khaldun. The political conceptions of Islam such as kudrah (power), sultan, ummah, cemaa (obligation)-and even the \"core\" terms of the Qur'an—i.e., ibadah (worship), din (religion), rab (master) and ilah (deity)—is taken as the basis of an analysis. Hence, not only the ideas of the Muslim political philosophers but also many other jurists and ulama posed political ideas and theories. For example, the ideas of the Khawarij in the very early years of Islamic history on Khilafa and Ummah, or that of Shia Islam on the concept of Imamah are considered proofs of political thought. The clashes between the Ehl-i Sunna and Shia in the 7th and 8th centuries had a genuine political character." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Zixi of Ix", + [ + "Queen Zixi of Ix, or The Story of the Magic Cloak, is a children's book written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Frederick Richardson. It was originally serialized in the early 20th-century American children's magazine \"St. Nicholas\" from November 1904 to October 1905, and was published in book form later in 1905 by The Century Company. The events of the book alternate between Noland and Ix, two neighboring regions to the Land of Oz, and Baum himself commented this was the best book he had written. In a letter to his eldest son, Frank Joslyn Baum, he said it was \"nearer to the \"old-fashioned\" fairy tale than anything I have yet accomplished,\" and in many respects, it adheres more closely to the fairy tale structure than the Oz books." + ] + ], + [ + "Syed Nomanul Haq", + [ + "Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy. He is currently a faculty member at the Habib University, Karachi. In his career spanning twenty years, Haq has gained widespread repute for his teaching, publications and editorial and research work on the history and philosophy of science, postmodern philosophy, history of religion, history of art and history of literature, for which he has won multiple prizes and awards." + ] + ], + [ + "Hollywood Babylon", + [ + "Hollywood Babylon is a book by avant-garde filmmaker Kenneth Anger which details the sordid scandals of many famous and infamous Hollywood denizens from the 1900s to the 1950s. First published in the U.S. in 1965, it was banned ten days later and was not republished until 1975. Upon its second release, \"The New York Times\" said of it, \"If a book such as this can be said to have charm, it lies in the fact that here is a book without one single redeeming merit.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Answer to History", + [ + "Answer to History (French: Réponse à l'histoire; Persian: پاسخ به تاریخ) is a memoir written by the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shortly after his overthrow in 1979 by Islamic revolution. The book was originally written in French and was translated into English and Persian as well as other languages, and was published posthumously in 1980." + ] + ], + [ + "Madrasa", + [ + "The term \"Islamic education\" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For details Read \"A Qur’anic Methodology for Integrating Knowledge and Education: Implications for Malaysia’s Islamic Education Strategy\" written Tareq M Zayed and \"Knowledge of Shariah and Knowledge to Manage ‘Self’ and ‘System’: Integration of Islamic Epistemology with the Knowledge and Education\" authored by Tareq M Zayed" + ] + ], + [ + "Muslim world", + [ + "Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work." + ] + ], + [ + "Cynthia Willett", + [ + "Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University." + ] + ], + [ + "Elisabeth Camp", + [ + "Elisabeth Camp is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University. Camp's work has focused on forms of thought and speech that do not fit standard propositional models. She has written extensively about figurative speech such as sarcasm and metaphor, arguing that these forms of speech force listeners to reconsider their standard methods of delineating the difference between what is meant and what is said." + ] + ], + [ + "Islamism", + [ + "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles." + ] + ], + [ + "Wolfgang Schirmacher", + [ + "Wolfgang Schirmacher (born 1944) is a German philosopher, editor and educator in the field of philosophy, art and critical thought. He was the Founding Dean of the Media and Communications division at the European Graduate School, where he now is a full professor and holder of the Arthur Schopenhauer Chair of Philosophy. He has edited several journals and written books, as well as developed curricula in philosophical disciplines at major universities." + ] + ], + [ + "Germans", + [ + "German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__849312_503371_21711", + "question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat constructed in the city where Martin from the region where Perdiguera is located died?", + "answer": "built in the 15th century", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Martin of Aragon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Perdiguera", + 0 + ], + [ + "Gothic architecture", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Île de la Cité", + [ + "The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of western towers." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Martin of Aragon", + [ + "Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint Barthélemy", + [ + "Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthélemy became an Overseas Collectivity (COM). A governing territorial council was elected for its administration, which has provided the island with a certain degree of autonomy. The Hotel de Ville, which was the town hall, is now the Hotel de la Collectivité. A senator represents the island in Paris. St. Barthélemy has retained its free port status." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcuéscar", + [ + "Alcuéscar is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. The town is on the Silver Route (the Via de la Plata) branch of the Camino de Santiago, the pilgrimage trail to the burial place of St. James the Apostle." + ] + ], + [ + "Perdiguera", + [ + "Perdiguera is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 662 inhabitants." + ] + ], + [ + "Paris", + [ + "Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent \"District de la région parisienne\" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed \"Île-de-France\" in 1977, but the \"Paris region\" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence." + ] + ], + [ + "Museu d'Art Jaume Morera", + [ + "The Museu d'Art Jaume Morera (Jaume Morera Art Museum) is a museum in Lleida (Catalonia) created by the Diputació de Lleida and the Lleida City Council (\"La Paeria\") with the collaboration of the painter Jaume Morera i Galícia. It is the museum of modern and contemporary art of the city of Lleida. Today is municipally owned and receives financial support from the \"Diputació de Lleida\" and the Department of Culture of the Generalitat of Catalonia. Its entrance is free." + ] + ], + [ + "Palau Güell", + [ + "The Palau Güell (, ) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí for the industrial tycoon Eusebi Güell and built between 1886 and 1888. It is situated on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Works of Antoni Gaudí\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Lac-Pythonga, Quebec", + [ + "Lac-Pythonga is an unorganized territory in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It surrounds Lake Pythonga and is the largest of the five unorganized territories in the La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality." + ] + ], + [ + "Execution of Louis XVI", + [ + "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Cruz de las Flores, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco", + [ + "Santa Cruz de las Flores is the name of a town located south of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It has been called Xochitlan, meaning \"Place of Flowers\" (\"xōchitl\" is Nahuatl for flower )." + ] + ], + [ + "Palau Tiger Team", + [ + "Palau Tiger Team was a Palauan association football club which competed in the Palau Soccer League, the top level league in Palau, in 2006-07, when they finished fourth losing 2-4 to Mount Everest Nepal in the third place play-off. Due to fragmentary records, it is not known how many other seasons they competed." + ] + ], + [ + "Pola de Siero", + [ + "Pola de Siero (in Asturian and as official name La Pola Siero, and also known as La Pola colloquially) is a town in the autonomous community of Asturias on the north coast of the Kingdom of Spain. It is the administrative capital of the municipality (concejo) of Siero. Pola de Siero is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 16 km east of the regional Capital Oviedo and 16 km south of Gijón." + ] + ], + [ + "Gothic architecture", + [ + "The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris." + ] + ], + [ + "Josep Domènech i Estapà", + [ + "His works in Barcelona include the church of Sant Andreu del Palomar (1881, with Pere Falqués), Teatre Poliorama and Reial Acadèmia de les Ciències (1883), Palau de la Justícia - Palace of Justice courthouse (1887-1908, with Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia), Palau Montaner, now the Delegación del Gobierno Español (Delegation of the Spanish Government) in Barcelona (1889-1896, with Lluís Domènech i Montaner), the University of Barcelona's Faculty of Medicine (1904), Modelo prison (1904, with Salvador Vinyals i Sabaté), the Amparo de Santa Lucía / Empar de Santa Llúcia home for the blind, which eventually became the Museu de la Ciència de Barcelona, now known as CosmoCaixa Barcelona (1904-1909), the Fabra Observatory (1906), Catalana de Gas i electricitat building and water tower (1908), the Church of Our Lady of Carmen (Església de la Mare de Déu del Carme) and Carmelite convent (1910-1921, finished by his son Josep Domènech i Mansana) and Magoria station (1912). He also headed the construction of the Hospital Clínic (1895-1906), based on a design by Ignasi C. Bartrolí (1881). In the town of Viladrau, he built the Hotel Bofill (1898)." + ] + ], + [ + "Ngiwal", + [ + "Ngiwal is one of the sixteen states of Palau. It has a population of 223 (census 2005) and an area of 26 km². The administrative center is Ngerkeai." + ] + ], + [ + "Jardin botanique de Bordeaux", + [ + "The Jardin botanique de Bordeaux (0.5 hectares) is a municipal botanical garden located at Place Bardineau, Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; it is open daily without charge. This historic garden has been recently supplemented by the Jardin botanique de la Bastide, located across the river." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle", + [ + "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__103890_10659_83548", + "question": "Who led the movement against communism, in the country where, along with the nation that Ágnes Konkoly is from, many expelled French Jews relocated to?", + "answer": "Lech Wałęsa", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ágnes Konkoly", + 0 + ], + [ + "Solidarity (Polish trade union)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times. Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege. Jews were required to pay a poll tax until the reign of Emperor Julian in 363. In the late Roman Empire, Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations. But, after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380, Jews were increasingly marginalized." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy." + ] + ], + [ + "Treaty", + [ + "The Islamic Prophet Muhammad carried out a siege against the Banu Qaynuqa tribe known as the Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa in February 624 Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the Constitution of Medina by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which led to her being stripped naked As a result, a Muslim killed a Jew in retaliation, and the Jews in turn killed the Muslim man. This escalated to a chain of revenge killings, and enmity grew between Muslims and the Banu Qaynuqa, leading to the siege of their fortress.:122 The tribe eventually surrendered to Muhammad, who initially wanted to kill the members of Banu Qaynuqa but ultimately yielded to Abdullah ibn Ubayy's insistence and agreed to expel the Qaynuqa." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artisans. A substantial Jewish population emerged in northern Gaul by the Middle Ages, but Jewish communities existed in 465 CE in Brittany, in 524 CE in Valence, and in 533 CE in Orleans. Throughout this period and into the early Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures, mostly through conversion to Christianity.[better source needed] King Dagobert I of the Franks expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629. Jews in former Roman territories faced new challenges as harsher anti-Jewish Church rulings were enforced." + ] + ], + [ + "Germans", + [ + "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language." + ] + ], + [ + "Muammar Gaddafi", + [ + "Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons." + ] + ], + [ + "Ágnes Konkoly", + [ + "Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants." + ] + ], + [ + "Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory", + [ + "Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Konkoly Thege Miklós Astronomical Institute of Hungarian Academy of Sciences." + ] + ], + [ + "Solidarity (Polish trade union)", + [ + "Solidarity (Polish: Solidarność, pronounced (sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ) (listen); full name: Independent Self - governing Labour Union ``Solidarity ''-- Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy`` Solidarność'' (ɲezaˈlɛʐnɨ samɔˈʐɔndnɨ ˈzvjɔ̃zɛk zavɔˈdɔvɨ sɔliˈdarnɔɕt͡ɕ)) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa. It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party. Its membership reached 9.5 million members before its September 1981 Congress (when it reached 10 million), which constituted one third of the total working - age population of Poland." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "The Hebrew Bible, a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews, established the first of the Abrahamic religions, which are now practiced by 54% of the world. Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, and has been called not only a religion, but also a \"way of life,\" which has made drawing a clear distinction between Judaism, Jewish culture, and Jewish identity rather difficult. Throughout history, in eras and places as diverse as the ancient Hellenic world, in Europe before and after The Age of Enlightenment (see Haskalah), in Islamic Spain and Portugal, in North Africa and the Middle East, India, China, or the contemporary United States and Israel, cultural phenomena have developed that are in some sense characteristically Jewish without being at all specifically religious. Some factors in this come from within Judaism, others from the interaction of Jews or specific communities of Jews with their surroundings, others from the inner social and cultural dynamics of the community, as opposed to from the religion itself. This phenomenon has led to considerably different Jewish cultures unique to their own communities, each as authentically Jewish as the next." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]" + ] + ], + [ + "Tunisia", + [ + "That said, an important number of genetic and other historical studies point out to the predominance of the Amazighs in Tunisia. An Ottoman influence has been particularly significant in forming the Turco-Tunisian community. Other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different periods of time, including West Africans, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians (Punics), Jews, and French settlers. By 1870 the distinction between the Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred.From the late 19th century to after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of French and Italians (255,000 Europeans in 1956), although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. The history of the Jews in Tunisia goes back some 2,000 years. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained.The first people known to history in what is now Tunisia were the Berbers. Numerous civilizations and peoples have invaded, migrated to, or have been assimilated into the population over the millennia, with influences of population from Phoenicians/Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Spaniards, Ottoman Turks and Janissaries, and French. There was a continuing inflow of nomadic Arab tribes from Arabia.After the Reconquista and expulsion of non-Christians and Moriscos from Spain, many Spanish Muslims and Jews also arrived. According to Matthew Carr, \"As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Regensburg Synagogue", + [ + "The original Regensburg Synagogue, erected between 1210 and 1227, was an edifice in Old Romanesque style in Regensburg, southern Germany, on the site of the former Jewish hospital, in the center of the ghetto, where the present Neue Pfarre stands. Two etchings made by Albrecht Altdorfer of the synagogue shortly before it was destroyed on February 22, 1519, provide the first portrait of an actual architectural monument in European printmaking. In 1519 following the death of Emperor Maximilian, who had long been a protector of the Jews in the imperial cities, extracting from them substantial taxes in exchange, the city of Regensburg, which blamed its economic troubles on its prosperous Jewish community, expelled the 500 Jews. The Jews themselves had demolished the interior of their venerable synagogue, on the site of which a chapel was built in honor of the Virgin. According to a chronicle the exiles settled, under the protection of the Duke of Bavaria, on the opposite bank of the Danube, in Stadt-am-Hof, and in villages in the vicinity; from these they were expelled in the course of the same century." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Israel", + [ + "A Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the British a Mandate to rule Palestine which was to be turned into a Jewish National Home. A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the former Ottoman territories and sought to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine, leading to growing Arab -- Jewish tensions. Israeli independence in 1948 was marked by massive migration of Jews from Europe, a Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, followed by the Arab -- Israeli conflict. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition and concentrated in the southwest, while the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, and speaking mainly Yiddish. The two communities were so separate and different that the National Assembly emancipated them separately in 1790 and 1791." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means \"Jewishness\" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men and women. From the Rhineland to Riga to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, and spoke Yiddish in their secular lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now encompasses not just Orthodoxy and Hasidism, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and somehow retained a sense of Jewishness. Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Broadly speaking, a Jew is one who associates culturally with Jews, supports Jewish institutions, reads Jewish books and periodicals, attends Jewish movies and theater, travels to Israel, visits historical synagogues, and so forth. It is a definition that applies to Jewish culture in general, and to Ashkenazi Yiddishkeit in particular." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Relations between Ashkenazim and Sephardim have not always been warm. North African Sepharadim and Berber Jews were often looked upon by Ashkenazim as second-class citizens during the first decade after the creation of Israel. This has led to protest movements such as the Israeli Black Panthers led by Saadia Marciano a Moroccan Jew. Nowadays, relations are getting better. In some instances, Ashkenazi communities have accepted significant numbers of Sephardi newcomers, sometimes resulting in intermarriage." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths." + ] + ], + [ + "Second-wave feminism", + [ + "Though it is widely accepted that the movement lasted from the 1960s into the early 1980s, the exact years of the movement are more difficult to pinpoint and are often disputed. The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when ``Mother of the Movement ''Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality. The report revealed, that there was gender inequality, but also recommended changing it by giving paid maternity leave, greater access to education, and help with child care, along with Friedan's book, which spoke to the discontent of many women (especially housewives), led to the formation of many local, state, and federal government women's groups as well as many independent feminist organizations. Friedan was referencing a`` movement'' as early as 1964." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__222979_132477_40768", + "question": "When did the maker of the Acura RLX, the owner of Scion, and Nissan open US assembly plants?", + "answer": "1981", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Scion (automobile)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Acura RLX", + 0 + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Acura EL", + [ + "The Acura EL is a subcompact executive car that was built at Honda's Alliston, Ontario, plant, and also the first Acura built in Canada. The EL is a badge-engineered Honda Civic with a higher level of features." + ] + ], + [ + "Datsun", + [ + "Datsun (, ) is an automobile brand owned by Nissan. Datsun's original production run began in 1931. From 1958 to 1986, only vehicles exported by Nissan were identified as Datsun. By 1986 Nissan had phased out the Datsun name, but re-launched it in June 2013 as the brand for low-cost vehicles manufactured for emerging markets." + ] + ], + [ + "Infiniti Kuraza", + [ + "The Infiniti Kuraza is a concept car designed by Nissan, under the Infiniti brand at the Nissan Technical Center in Atsugi, Japan, headed by product design director Kojii Nagano. It made its world debut in Detroit, at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The Infiniti Kuraza ultimately never made it to production." + ] + ], + [ + "Toyota", + [ + "By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The so - called ``chicken tax ''of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks. In response to the tariff, Toyota, Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura ZDX", + [ + "The Acura ZDX is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV developed by Honda for its upmarket brand Acura. The car was originally scheduled to be called the Acura MSX. The ZDX debuted at the 2009 New York International Auto Show on April 8, 2009. The vehicle was also the first to be completely designed at Acura's southern California design studio in Torrance." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RDX", + [ + "Second generation Acura RDX 2013 Acura RDX Overview Production Mar 2012 -- present Model years 2013 -- present Assembly East Liberty, Ohio, United States East Liberty Auto Plant Powertrain Engine 3.0 L J30Y1 V6 (China Only) 3.5 L J35Y V6 Transmission 6 - speed automatic Dimensions Wheelbase 105.7 inches (9 foot 6 inches Length 183.7 inches (16 ft 7 inches Width 73 inches (6 foot 7 inches) Height 64.2 inches (5 foot 8 inches Curb weight 3,717 lb (1,686 kg) (FWD) 3,838 lb (1,741 kg) (AWD)" + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RL", + [ + "The Acura RL is a mid-sized / executive luxury car that was manufactured by the Acura division of Honda for the 1996–2012 model years over two generations. The RL was the flagship of the marque, having succeeded the Acura Legend, and was replaced in 2013 by the Acura RLX. All models of the Legend, RL and RLX lines have been adapted from the Japanese domestic market Honda Legend. The model name \"RL\" is an abbreviation for \"Refined Luxury.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Short Scion", + [ + "The Short S.16 Scion and Scion II were 1930s British two-engine, cantilever monoplanes built by Short Brothers and (under licence) by Pobjoy Airmotors and Aircraft Ltd. in Rochester, Kent between 1933 and 1937. Altogether 22 Scion/Scion II aircraft were built and they provided useful service to operators working from small airstrips/water courses in many parts of the globe, including Europe, the Near and Middle East, Sierra Leone, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Many were impressed into the RAF during the Second World War, providing pilot ferry services, anti-aircraft co-operation and radar calibration duties. Of the civilian Scions, at least two were still operating in Australia in 1966, one having been re-engined with de Havilland Gipsy Minor engines." + ] + ], + [ + "Infiniti J30", + [ + "The Infiniti J30, or Nissan Leopard J Ferie in Japan, was a rear wheel drive luxury car. The J30 went into production on April 7, 1992 as a 1993 model to replace the M30 (which was a coupe), and was launched in the United States after its competitor, the Lexus GS. The car was designed to slot between the smaller G20 and the larger Q45, as Infiniti's first mid-size sedan to compete directly with the Acura Legend. Also, it was fairly small but featured rounded styling uncharacteristic of the crowded executive car class, that is now reminiscent of a four-door coupé. Chief designer for the J30 was Jerry Hirshberg, president of Nissan Design International (NDI) and exterior designer Doug Wilson in 1988-1989. Design work was frozen in 1989. In a promotional video produced in 1994, it was referred to as a \"personal luxury sedan\" as attempt to define it as a four-door coupé. It has the round looks of the Nissan Altima/Bluebird U13." + ] + ], + [ + "Janesville Assembly Plant", + [ + "Janesville Assembly Plant is a former automobile factory owned by General Motors located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Opened in 1919, it was the oldest operating GM plant when it was largely idled in December 2008, and ceased all remaining production on April 23, 2009. The demolition of the plant began in April 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Jonga", + [ + "The Jonga was a Nissan designed vehicle used by the Indian Army. Jonga was an acronym for Jabalpur Ordnance aNd Guncarriage Assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Nissan Rogue", + [ + "Nissan Rogue 2014 S AWD Overview Production 2013 -- present Assembly Smyrna, Tennessee, United States (Nissan USA) Designer Keisuke Otsuki Body and chassis Platform Nissan CMF platform (CMF - CD) Related Nissan Rogue Nissan Qashqai Renault Koleos Powertrain Engine Petrol 2.0 L MR20DD 143 hp (106 kW) I4 (144 hp for X-Trail Hybrid) 2.5 L QR25DE 170 hp (126 kW) I4 Diesel 2.0 L 177 bhp (130kW) I4) 1.6 L Y9M 130 bhp (96 kW) I4 Transmission 6 - speed manual 6 - speed automatic CVT Dimensions Wheelbase 2,705 mm (106.5 in) Length 4,641 mm (182.7 in) Width 1,820 mm (71.65 in) Height 1,709 mm (67.3 in) Chronology Predecessor Nissan Qashqai + 2 (7 passenger models only)" + ] + ], + [ + "Scion xB", + [ + "The Scion xB is a compact car (subcompact car in its first generation) made by Toyota for the United States market and sold under their youth-oriented Scion brand. It is a box-shaped, 5-door hatchback." + ] + ], + [ + "Scion (automobile)", + [ + "Scion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RLX", + [ + "The Acura RLX is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured by Honda and sold under their Acura division, released in 2013. Succeeding the Acura RL, the RLX offers two versions, a front-wheel drive base model equipped with Acura's Precision All-Wheel Steer (P-AWS) four-wheel steering system, and a hybrid variant featuring SH-AWD that serves as Acura's flagship. The JDM version, the Honda Legend, is only offered with the SH-AWD powertrain." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RL", + [ + "The first-generation Acura RL was a rebadged version of the third-generation Honda Legend, and was first introduced to the North American market in 1996, to replace the second-generation Acura Legend. The second-generation Acura RL was a rebadged version of the fourth-generation Honda Legend, introduced to the North American market in September 2004, as a 2005 model. This iteration of the RL received an extensive mid-generational facelift for the 2009 model year, and a further update for 2011. The third-generation debuted for the 2014 model year as the Acura RLX." + ] + ], + [ + "Samcor", + [ + "Ford South Africa was based in Port Elizabeth (now part of the Eastern Cape province) and had been operating since 1923. In the early 1980s, it had both a vehicle assembly plant and an engine plant in Struandale, together with an older assembly plant in Neave. After the merger with Sigma and the formation of Samcor, the engine plant continued to be operated by Samcor and in 2015 is still operating under Ford ownership. Both the assembly plants were closed and all vehicle production transferred to Samcor's Silverton Assembly Plant in Pretoria. The Struandale assembly plant was subsequently sold to Delta Motor Corporation (General Motors)." + ] + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + [ + "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Seattle", + [ + "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington." + ] + ], + [ + "Nissan Fuga", + [ + "The Nissan Fuga (Japanese: 日産・フーガ \"Nissan Fūga\") is a mid-size luxury sedan produced by Japanese automaker Nissan since October 2004. It is built on a wider, stretched wheelbase version of the Nissan FM platform. After the Nissan Cima and Nissan President were discontinued in August 2010, the Fuga became Nissan's flagship vehicle. In North America and Europe, the Fuga is sold as the second and third-generation Infiniti M (Q70 from 2014), where it has been the flagship of the Infiniti luxury division of Nissan since 2006." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__342858_131850_33952_34053", + "question": "What was the wettest year in the second largest city in the state where Yuma's Library District is located?", + "answer": "1905", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Yuma, Colorado", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yuma County Library District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Wichita City Carnegie Library Building", + [ + "The Wichita City Carnegie Library Building located at 220 S. Main Street in Wichita, Kansas, Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States, is a Carnegie library built in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The two-story, limestone Beaux Arts building stands in the southwestern part of Wichita's central business district, directly south of the old City Hall. Its façade orientation is west. The building measures approximately one hundred and twenty-eight feet from north to south and eighty-three feet from east to west. After the completion of Wichita's present library in 1966, the Wichita City Carnegie Library Building served as city offices and the municipal court until the Wichita Omnisphere and Science Center established its tenancy in 1976, followed by changing tenants." + ] + ], + [ + "Yuma, Colorado", + [ + "The City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Siaogang District", + [ + "Siaogang District () is the southernmost district of Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. The second largest airport in Taiwan, Kaohsiung International Airport, is located here." + ] + ], + [ + "Khong Island", + [ + "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos." + ] + ], + [ + "Palazzo Sormani", + [ + "Palazzo Sormani (also known as Palazzo Sormani-Andreani) is a historic building of Milan, Italy, and the seat of the central public library of Milan. It is located at number 6 in Corso di Porta Vittoria, in the Zone 1 administrative division of the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Irkutsky District", + [ + "Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on June 19, 1960, and July 28, 1995, and the record minimum temperature was 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 7, 1913. There are an average of 150.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 26.4 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Average annual precipitation is 11.15 in (283 mm). There is an average of 49 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1905 with 24.17 in (614 mm) and the driest year was 1924 with 5.07 in (129 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 7.56 in (192 mm) in July 1984. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 4.16 in (106 mm) on October 1, 1983. Annual snowfall averages 0.7 in (1.8 cm). The most snow in one year was 7.2 in (18 cm) in 1987. The most snow in one month was 6.0 in (15 cm) in January 1898 and March 1922." + ] + ], + [ + "Vancouver Community Library", + [ + "The Vancouver Community Library is a library in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. Part of the Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, the 83,000-square-foot library is the second largest in the Portland metropolitan area, second to the Central Library in Portland, Oregon. The library's grand opening was held on July 17, 2011. It is a LEED Gold Certified building." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the \"Furniture District\" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits." + ] + ], + [ + "Szelment", + [ + "Szelment is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. Szelment is located 15 km north of Suwałki. It is also home to a 1000m cable car line, the second-longest in Poland. It is located 6.0 km from the nearest city in Lithuania, Salaperaugis." + ] + ], + [ + "Yuma County Library District", + [ + "The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma." + ] + ], + [ + "Sokolniki District", + [ + "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:" + ] + ], + [ + "Branford Price Millar Library", + [ + "The Branford Price Millar Library is the library of Portland State University (PSU) in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1968, the academic library was doubled in size in 1991 and houses over 1 million volumes. The five-story building is located on the school's campus on the South Park Blocks in Downtown Portland and is the largest academic library in the Portland area." + ] + ], + [ + "Forlanini (district of Milan)", + [ + "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District", + [ + "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census);" + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Glenfield, New South Wales", + [ + "Glenfield is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Glenfield is located 36 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Outer Rim Territories." + ] + ], + [ + "Badamlı", + [ + "Badamlı (also, Badamly) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 14 km in the west from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, culture house, library and hospital in the village. It has a population of 1,101. There were the ram stone sculptures of the Middle Ages in the cemetery of its territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Kent Free Library", + [ + "The Kent Free Library is a public Carnegie library located in Kent, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Portage Library Consortium, which includes the Portage County Library District and Reed Memorial Library in nearby Ravenna and is a school district library associated with the Kent City School District. The library was established in 1892 as the first use of an 1892 Ohio law that allowed municipalities under 5,000 residents to tax residents for library support. Initially, the library was housed in a downtown Kent business block. Pittsburgh steel industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie offered the then-village of Kent $11,500 for construction of a permanent home for the library in 1901, contingent on a suitable location and voter approval of a tax levy for maintenance. Kent voters approved the measure and town namesake Marvin Kent donated the land. The library opened at its new location on September 26, 1903. The library has undergone several expansions since 1903, with the latest expansion occurring in 2004–06. During the 2004–06 expansion, the three previous additions to the original Carnegie library were demolished and a new three-story addition was built in their places while the original Carnegie library was renovated and restored. The addition tripled available space to approximately . During construction, the library was housed in Kent's University Plaza shopping center. The current building and the renovated Carnegie portion opened on September 26, 2006, 103 years after the Carnegie library first opened." + ] + ], + [ + "Central Library (Kansas City, Missouri)", + [ + "The Central Library is the main library of the Kansas City Public Library system, which is located in the Library District of Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It is situated at 14 West 10th Street, at the corner of West 10th Street and Baltimore Avenue, across Baltimore Avenue from the Kansas City Club and up from the New York Life Building. It contains the administration of Kansas City's library system." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__320697_547811_80702", + "question": "What is the name of the famous bridge located in the birthplace of the composer of Nulla in mundo pax sincera?", + "answer": "Rialto Bridge", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Nulla in mundo pax sincera", + 0 + ], + [ + "Rialto Bridge", + 0 + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Dufferin Street bridges", + [ + "The Dufferin Street bridges are two inter-connected vehicular bridges in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The bridges carry Dufferin Street over a railway corridor and the Gardiner Expressway to Exhibition Place. The bridges closed to vehicular traffic in 2013. Temporary structures, namely Bailey bridges over the railway tracks, will be built in 2013-2014 to allow a resumption of traffic in early 2014. Beginning in 2016 the bridges will be completely rebuilt to allow more tracks to cross underneath and create a single span to the CNE grounds. As of March 2019 the spans over the Gardiner Expressway remain in place and the bailey bridges replacing the older outer pedestrian bridges of the northern span with the inner vehicular steel plate box girder bridge still in place." + ] + ], + [ + "Nulla in mundo pax sincera", + [ + "Nulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets." + ] + ], + [ + "Rialto Bridge", + [ + "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Flatford", + [ + "Flatford is a small hamlet close to East Bergholt in Suffolk. It is most famous for Flatford Mill, Willy Lott's Cottage and Bridge Cottage, immortalised in the paintings of John Constable." + ] + ], + [ + "Mundo Civilizado", + [ + "Mundo Civilizado is the second solo album by musician Arto Lindsay. Rock critic Robert Christgau named the album his favorite of 1997 in the annual Pazz & Jop poll published by \"The Village Voice\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Goodpasture Bridge", + [ + "The Goodpasture Bridge spans the McKenzie River near the community of Vida in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is the second longest covered bridge and one of the most photographed covered bridges in the state. The Goodpasture Bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "Warren Covered Bridge", + [ + "The Warren Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses the Mad River in Warren, Vermont on Covered Bridge Road. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974." + ] + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + [ + "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli." + ] + ], + [ + "Mariefred Charterhouse", + [ + "Mariefred Charterhouse, sometimes referred to as Gripsholm Charterhouse (, or \"Pax Mariae\"), was a Carthusian monastery, or charterhouse, in the present town of Mariefred in Södermanland, Sweden, to which it gave its name; before the building of the monastery the place was known as Gripsholm. It was the only Carthusian monastery in Scandinavia, and one of the last monasteries established in Sweden before the Reformation." + ] + ], + [ + "Royal Albert Bridge", + [ + "The Royal Albert Bridge was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Surveying started in 1848 and construction commenced in 1854. The first main span was positioned in 1857 and the completed bridge was opened by Prince Albert on 2 May 1859. Brunel died later that year and his name was then placed above the portals at either end of the bridge as a memorial. Work was carried out during the twentieth century to replace the approach spans and strengthen the main spans. It has attracted sightseers since its construction and has appeared in many paintings, photographs, guidebooks, postage stamps and on the UK £2 coin. Anniversary celebrations took place in 1959 and 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "Carleton Bridge", + [ + "The Carleton Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge that carries Carleton Road over the South Branch Ashuelot River in East Swanzey, New Hampshire. The bridge was built in 1869, and is the region's only surviving example of a 19th-century Queenspost truss bridge. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman numerals", + [ + "The number zero does not have its own Roman numeral, but the word nulla (the Latin word meaning ``none '') was used by medieval scholars in lieu of 0. Dionysius Exiguus was known to use nulla alongside Roman numerals in 525. About 725, Bede or one of his colleagues used the letter N, the initial of nulla or of nihil (the Latin word for`` nothing''), in a table of epacts, all written in Roman numerals." + ] + ], + [ + "Kimeru", + [ + "Kimeru (most often written either in Romaji (Kimeru) or with Katakana (キメル), but has been written as きめる (Hiragana) and (決める) (Kanji), born June 17, 1980) is a Japanese pop musician, singer, and stage actor. He is most famous for his work with \"The Prince of Tennis\". He adopted the stage name Kimeru, which means \"\"to decide\"\" in Japanese, before debuting. Kimeru's birth name has never been announced publicly." + ] + ], + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli", + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period." + ] + ], + [ + "Bulkeley Bridge", + [ + "The Bulkeley Bridge (also known as Hartford Bridge, Bridge No. 980A) is the oldest of three highway bridges over the Connecticut River in Hartford, Connecticut. A stone arch bridge composed of nine spans, the bridge carries Interstate 84, U.S. Route 6, and U.S. Route 44 across the river, connecting Hartford to East Hartford. As of 2005 the bridge carried an average daily traffic of 142,500 cars. The arches are mounted on stone piers, and vary in length from to ; the total length of the bridge is ." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Winter", + [ + "Peter Winter (baptized 28 August 1754 – 17 October 1825) was a German opera composer who followed Mozart and preceded Weber, acting as a bridge between the two in the development of German opera. (His name is sometimes given as Peter von Winter.)" + ] + ], + [ + "San Luis Bridge", + [ + "The San Luis Bridge, also known as State Bridge or Bridge over Culebra Creek, is a historic open spandrel arch bridge that crosses Culebra Creek in San Luis, Colorado. It was built in 1911 as a road bridge, but now serves pedestrian traffic. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "Rajashri", + [ + "Rajashri (Telugu: రాజశ్రీ) (31 August 1934 – 14 August 1994) was a famous dialogue and lyrics writer and Music director in Telugu cinema industry. His birth name is Indukuri Ramakrishnam Raju (ఇందుకూరి రామకృష్ణంరాజు). He has worked with nearly 1000 films, a majority of them are dubbing films. He was aptly called \"Anuvaada Brahma\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Southampton", + [ + "The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge." + ] + ], + [ + "Cincinnati Southern Bridge", + [ + "The Cincinnati Southern Bridge, officially the Cincinnati Southern Railroad Swinging Truss Bridge, is a swing bridge that carries the Norfolk Southern Railway over the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio and Ludlow, Kentucky in the United States. The bridge is composed of four through truss spans: a main span on the northern side of the bridge, a currently unused swing span on the southern side, and two additional spans over the main shipping channels in the center of the bridge. The bridge crosses the Ohio River just downstream from downtown Cincinnati, and can be seen clearly from the lower level of the nearby Brent Spence Bridge." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__91211_90973", + "question": "Who did the original voice of the character played by mila kunis in the cleveland show?", + "answer": "Lacey Chabert", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of Family Guy cast members", + 0 + ], + [ + "Meg Griffin", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Cleveland Show", + [ + "Sanaa Lathan voices Donna Tubbs, the wife of Cleveland, stepmother of Cleveland Brown Jr., and mother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. In developing the character, Lathan said that the producers ``wanted her to be educated, but to have some edge. ''Prior to voicing Donna, Lathan had only one other voice credit in a relatively low - budget film entitled The Golden Blaze. In addition to the show, she also primarily worked as an actress in such films as Alien vs. Predator, Love & Basketball and The Family That Preys." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Swan dance double controversy", + [ + "Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological thriller film about a ballet dancer directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Natalie Portman, Vincent Cassel, and Mila Kunis. After the 83rd Academy Awards, in which Portman won the Oscar for Best Actress for her role in the film as a ballerina, controversy arose over how much credit for the dancing in the film was being given to her and how much to her ``dance double '', American Ballet Theatre soloist Sarah Lane." + ] + ], + [ + "Big Chuck and Lil' John", + [ + "Charles \"Big Chuck\" Schodowski (born June 28, 1934) and \"Lil' John\" Rinaldi (born January 20, 1946) – together commonly known as Big Chuck and Lil' John – are a duo of entertainers who served as late-night horror hosts of The Big Chuck and Lil' John Show on television station WJW in Cleveland, Ohio from 1979 to 2007. In addition to hosting a movie with a live audience, they also performed original sketch comedy routines. At the end of each sketch was a very distinctive laugh (see external links section below) voiced by comedian/actor Jay Lawrence, who was a disc jockey for KYW radio in Cleveland during the early 1960s." + ] + ], + [ + "List of The Cleveland Show characters", + [ + "Cleveland Brown (voiced by Mike Henry) is the protagonist of the series. He is a heavy - set African - American male who is very polite to everyone and has a unique laugh. He was formerly one of Peter Griffin's best friends in Family Guy and also owned and ran a deli. In ``Pilot ''he moves to the town of Stoolbend, Virginia to show his son where he grew up (even though Cleveland was in love with Donna but they were only friends and she did not know it). Eventually re-sparking his relationship with her, they get married and he and his son move in with her and her two children. Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly gentle and patient, and it is only on rare occasions that he has been known to lose his temper and resort to violence. However, Cleveland gets visibly annoyed with racist behavior, which sometimes is justified. He often acts as the voice of caution when other characters hatch harebrained schemes. Cleveland's speech is slow and almost elongated in Family Guy, but in The Cleveland Show his voice has a wide variety. Various flashbacks give conflicting histories of his speech patterns. He is shown as a more sexual, stupid, and violent character in his new form than he was originally." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Family Guy cast members", + [ + "Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Meg Griffin", + [ + "Meg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Meg Griffin", + [ + "Meg made her first appearance on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in Yug Ylimaf and Back to the Pilot." + ] + ], + [ + "The Book of Eli", + [ + "Denzel Washington as Eli Gary Oldman as Carnegie Mila Kunis as Solara Ray Stevenson as Redridge Jennifer Beals as Claudia Evan Jones as Martz Joe Pingue as Hoyt Frances de la Tour as Martha Michael Gambon as George Tom Waits as Engineer Chris Browning as Hijack Leader Malcolm McDowell as Lombardi (uncredited)" + ] + ], + [ + "The Spy Who Dumped Me", + [ + "The Spy Who Dumped Me Theatrical release poster Directed by Susanna Fogel Produced by Brian Grazer Erica Huggins Written by Susanna Fogel David Iserson Starring Mila Kunis Kate McKinnon Justin Theroux Sam Heughan Gillian Anderson Music by Tyler Bates Cinematography Barry Peterson Edited by Johnathan Schwartz Production company Imagine Entertainment Lionsgate Bron Studios Distributed by Lionsgate Release date August 3, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 03) (United States) Running time 117 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $40 million Box office $72 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Friends with Benefits (film)", + [ + "Friends with Benefits is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Will Gluck, and starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis in the lead roles. The film features Patricia Clarkson, Jenna Elfman, Bryan Greenberg, Nolan Gould, Richard Jenkins, and Woody Harrelson in supporting roles. The plot revolves around Dylan Harper (Timberlake) and Jamie Rellis (Kunis), who meet in New York City, and naively believe adding sex to their friendship will not lead to complications. Over time, they begin to develop deep mutual feelings for each other, only to deny it each time they are together." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Family Guy cast members", + [ + "Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was ``really sight unseen ''. At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original series), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied`` Make it a little less fucking annoying... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.''" + ] + ], + [ + "American Psycho 2", + [ + "American Psycho 2 (also known as American Psycho II: All American Girl) is a 2002 American black comedy horror film and a stand-alone sequel to Mary Harron's 2000 film adaptation of \"American Psycho\". It is directed by Morgan J. Freeman and stars Mila Kunis as Rachael Newman, a driven criminology student who is drawn to murder. The film also features William Shatner as her professor." + ] + ], + [ + "The Cleveland Show", + [ + "Jason Sudeikis plays Holt Richter, one of Cleveland's drinking buddies with a short stature, and Terry Kimple, one of Cleveland's longtime friends who now works with him at Waterman Cable. Sudeikis originally began as a recurring cast member, but starting with the episode ``Harder, Better, Faster, Browner '', he was promoted to a series regular." + ] + ], + [ + "Sterling Holloway", + [ + "Sterling Price Holloway Jr. (January 4, 1905 -- November 22, 1992) was an American character actor and voice actor who appeared in over 100 films and 40 television shows. He was also a voice actor for The Walt Disney Company, well known for his distinctive tenor voice, and served as the original voice of the title character in Walt Disney's Winnie the Pooh." + ] + ], + [ + "The Spy Who Dumped Me", + [ + "The Spy Who Dumped Me is a 2018 American action comedy film directed by Susanna Fogel and co-written by Fogel and David Iserson. The film stars Mila Kunis, Kate McKinnon, Justin Theroux, Sam Heughan, Hasan Minhaj and Gillian Anderson and follows two best friends who are chased through Europe by assassins after one of their ex-boyfriends turns out to be a CIA agent. The film was released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by Lionsgate. It has grossed over $72 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who questioned the film's intended genre and tone but praised the performances." + ] + ], + [ + "Bad Moms", + [ + "Amy Mitchell (Mila Kunis) is a married woman in the Chicago suburbs with two children, Jane (Oona Laurence) and Dylan (Emjay Anthony), who feels overworked and overcommitted. She works as a sales rep for a ``hip ''coffee company, prepares healthful, hand - packed lunches for her children, does most of their homework, goes to all of their extracurricular activities, and is active in her school's PTA, run by the domineering Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate) and her cronies, Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky (Annie Mumolo). When she catches her husband Mike (David Walton) cheating on her with a camgirl, Amy kicks him out and attempts to keep everything together." + ] + ], + [ + "Oz the Great and Powerful", + [ + "Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi and produced by Joe Roth, from a screenplay written by David Lindsay - Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz and Mila Kunis, with Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King, and Tony Cox in supporting roles. Based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels and set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful is a spiritual prequel to the 1939 Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer film, The Wizard of Oz. The film tells the story of Oscar Diggs, a deceptive magician who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora, Evanora, and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself." + ] + ], + [ + "Family Guy (season 7)", + [ + "Family Guy's seventh season first aired on the Fox network in sixteen episodes from September 28, 2008 to May 17, 2009 before being released as two DVD box sets and syndicated. The animated television series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family (father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie and their anthropomorphic dog Brian), who reside in the town of Quahog. The show features the voices of series creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Seth Green, and Mila Kunis in the roles of the Griffin family. The executive producers for the seventh season were MacFarlane, Danny Smith, David Goodman and Chris Sheridan. Goodman and Sheridan served as showrunners for season seven." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland Bulldogs", + [ + "The Cleveland Bulldogs were a team that played in Cleveland, Ohio in the National Football League. They were originally called the Indians in 1923, not to be confused with the Cleveland Indians NFL franchise in 1922. However, after team owner Samuel Deutsch purchased the Canton Bulldogs in 1924, he merged the Canton team with his Indians and renamed his franchise the Cleveland Bulldogs. The Canton Bulldogs remained a part of the team until 1925, when they were sold back to Canton. The Cleveland Bulldogs played in the NFL until 1928 when they were relocated to Detroit and became the Detroit Wolverines. The team was later incorporated into the New York Giants in 1929. The Cleveland Bulldogs won the 1924 NFL championship." + ] + ], + [ + "Meg Griffin", + [ + "Meg debuted on television when Family Guy debuted on Fox on January 31, 1999, with the episode ``Death Has a Shadow ''. Originally voiced by Lacey Chabert during the first season, she has been voiced by Mila Kunis since season 2, although Chabert returned to voice Meg in`` Yug Ylimaf'' and ``Back to the Pilot ''." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__668732_467331_162182", + "question": "In what region of the country containing An Phú, is the city with the Zone 5 Military Museum located?", + "answer": "South Central Coast", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + 0 + ], + [ + "An Phú District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Fort Vredeburg Museum", + [ + "Fort Vredeburg Museum (Official Indonesian name, Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta), was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta. The military complex has been converted into an Independence Struggle Museum which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace)." + ] + ], + [ + "Dila, Ethiopia", + [ + "Dilla () is a market town and separate woreda in southern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR), it is located on the main road from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. The town has a longitude and latitude of , with an elevation of 1570 meters above sea level. It was part of Wenago woreda and is currently surrounded by Dila Zuria woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle", + [ + "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing." + ] + ], + [ + "Forlanini (district of Milan)", + [ + "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Phù Yên District", + [ + "Phú Yên is a rural district of Sơn La Province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 103,459. The district covers an area of 1,227 km². The district capital lies at Phú Yên." + ] + ], + [ + "Mankush", + [ + "Mankush is a town in western Ethiopia. Located in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Mankush is the largest settlement in Guba woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "South Central Coast", + [ + "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region." + ] + ], + [ + "An Phú District", + [ + "An Phú is a district of An Giang Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam on the border with Cambodia. An Phú juts out at the western edge of Vietnam into Cambodia. As of 2003 the district had a population of 178,613. The district covers an area of 226 km². The district capital lies at An Phú town." + ] + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + [ + "The Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeju (woreda)", + [ + "Jeju is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Jeju is bordered by Dodotana Sire to the west, the Misraq Shewa Zone to the north, Merti to the east, and Sude to the south. Its administrative centre is Arboye, located 168 kilometres southeast of Addis Ababa. Other towns in this woreda include Bolo." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Said Governorate", + [ + "Port Said Governorate ( \"\") is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal, making it the second most important harbor in Egypt. Its capital is the city of Port Said, and is the home of the Suez Canal Authority historical administrative building and the Lighthouse of Port Said." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West." + ] + ], + [ + "Berhale (woreda)", + [ + "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Trinité", + [ + "The ZEC Trinity is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the municipality of the town of Baie-Trinité, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord (North Shore), in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Jeannotte, Québec", + [ + "The ZEC Jeannotte is a zone d'exploitation contrôlée (Controlled harvesting area), located in Lac-Édouard, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Bike, Ethiopia", + [ + "Bike () is a town in central Ethiopia of the Somali Region in the Shinile Zone. It is located 72 km west of Shinile. The town is located on the main railway between Djibouti City and Addis Ababa." + ] + ], + [ + "Kersa, Arsi", + [ + "Kersa is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2784 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Munesa woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Impression 5 Science Center", + [ + "The Impression 5 Science Center, is a science museum located in downtown Lansing, Michigan. Formerly known as the \"Impression 5 Museum\", the center is located in a historic wagon works factory on the Grand River. The name, \"Impression 5\", refers to the five senses." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__88342_49853_128008_86588", + "question": "What's the longest homer in the history of the league where the team with the most titles from the event after which they give out the MLB MVP award plays?", + "answer": "582 feet (177 m)", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Home run", + 0 + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + 0 + ], + [ + "World Series", + 0 + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Home run", + [ + "Other legendary home run hitters include Jimmie Foxx, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle (who on September 10, 1960, mythically hit ``the longest home run ever ''at an estimated distance of 643 feet (196 m), although this was measured after the ball stopped rolling), Reggie Jackson, Harmon Killebrew, Ernie Banks, Mike Schmidt, Dave Kingman, Sammy Sosa (who hit 60 or more home runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history. The home run was measured at a distance of 582 feet (177 m) and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium. Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about 575 feet (175 m), by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double - deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry." + ] + ], + [ + "Fernando Tatís", + [ + "Tatís had the best season of his career in 1999 with the St. Louis Cardinals. He hit 34 home runs with 107 RBIs and 21 stolen bases, with a. 298 batting average. On April 23, 1999, Tatís made baseball history when he hit two grand slams in one inning. As of 2017, he is still the only batter in MLB history to accomplish this. Tatís hit both of his grand slams against the pitcher Chan Ho Park of the Los Angeles Dodgers. With his home run feat, Tatís also set a Major League record with eight runs batted in during a single inning." + ] + ], + [ + "Willie Mays", + [ + "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + [ + "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in ." + ] + ], + [ + "Barry Bonds", + [ + "Barry Bonds Bonds in 2006 Left fielder Born: (1964 - 07 - 24) July 24, 1964 (age 53) Riverside, California Batted: Left Threw: Left MLB debut May 30, 1986, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance September 26, 2007, for the San Francisco Giants MLB statistics Batting average. 298 Home runs 762 Hits 2,935 Runs batted in 1,996 Stolen bases 514 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1986 -- 1992) San Francisco Giants (1993 -- 2007) Career highlights and awards 14 × All - Star (1990, 1992 -- 1998, 2000 -- 2004, 2007) 7 × NL MVP (1990, 1992, 1993, 2001 -- 2004) 8 × Gold Glove Award (1990 -- 1994, 1996 -- 1998) 12 × Silver Slugger Award (1990 -- 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000 -- 2004) 3 × NL Hank Aaron Award (2001, 2002, 2004) 2 × NL batting champion (2002, 2004) 2 × NL home run leader (1993, 2001) NL RBI leader (1993) MLB records 762 career home runs 73 home runs in a season 2,558 career walks 688 career intentional walks" + ] + ], + [ + "World Series Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros" + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series", + [ + "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "Derek Jeter", + [ + "Derek Jeter Jeter as a player in 2008 at Camden Yards Shortstop Born: (1974 - 06 - 26) June 26, 1974 (age 43) Pequannock Township, New Jersey Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut May 29, 1995, for the New York Yankees Last MLB appearance September 28, 2014, for the New York Yankees MLB statistics Batting average. 310 Hits 3,465 Home runs 260 Runs batted in 1,311 Teams New York Yankees (1995 -- 2014) Career highlights and awards 14 × All - Star (1998 -- 2002, 2004, 2006 -- 2012, 2014) 5 × World Series champion (1996, 1998 -- 2000, 2009) World Series MVP (2000) AL Rookie of the Year (1996) 5 × Gold Glove Award (2004 -- 2006, 2009 -- 2010) 5 × Silver Slugger Award (2006 -- 2009, 2012) 2 × AL Hank Aaron Award (2006, 2009) Roberto Clemente Award (2009) New York Yankees No. 2 retired New York Yankees captain (2003 -- 2014)" + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + [ + "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26, with a tie in - between the 14th and 15th win. The record for the longest winning streak by an American League team is held by the 2017 Cleveland Indians at 22. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters." + ] + ], + [ + "Lin Chih-chieh", + [ + "Lin Chih-chieh (; born 11 June 1982 in Hualien County, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player of Amis descent. During his career with the Taiwan Beer club of the Super Basketball League (SBL), Lin has won one Regular Season most valuable player (MVP) award, two back-to-back Championship Series MVP awards, and two scoring champion titles. Dubbed \"The Beast\" (野獸) by local media, Lin is renowned for his ability to boost his team's morale by making sensational plays and is among the most beloved basketball players in Taiwan." + ] + ], + [ + "John Wehner", + [ + "John Wehner Utility player Born: (1967 - 06 - 29) June 29, 1967 (age 50) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut July 17, 1991, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance July 27, 2001, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 249 Home runs Runs batted in 54 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1991 -- 1996) Florida Marlins (1997 -- 1998) Pittsburgh Pirates (1999 -- 2001) Career highlights and awards World Series Championship (1997) Hit the final home run and recorded the final out in Three Rivers Stadium MLB record 99 consecutive games without an error at 3rd base" + ] + ], + [ + "Buster Posey", + [ + "Buster Posey Posey in September 2013 at Petco Park San Francisco Giants -- No. 28 Catcher / First baseman Born: (1987 - 03 - 27) March 27, 1987 (age 30) Leesburg, Georgia Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 11, 2009, for the San Francisco Giants MLB statistics (through September 29, 2017) Batting average. 308 Hits 1,160 Home runs 128 Runs batted in 594 Teams San Francisco Giants (2009 -- present) Career highlights and awards 5 × All - Star (2012, 2013, 2015 -- 2017) 3 × World Series champion (2010, 2012, 2014) NL MVP (2012) NL Rookie of the Year (2010) 3 × Silver Slugger Award (2012, 2014, 2015) Gold Glove Award (2016) NL Hank Aaron Award (2012) NL Comeback Player of the Year (2012) NL batting champion (2012) Golden Spikes Award (2008) Dick Howser Trophy (2008) Medals (hide) Men's baseball Representing United States World Baseball Classic 2017 Los Angeles Team" + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + [ + "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26 wins. The second - longest winning streak is 22 by the 2017 Cleveland Indians, which is still ongoing and the American League record. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "Hart Memorial Trophy", + [ + "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team." + ] + ], + [ + "Mike Trout", + [ + "Mike Trout Trout in 2018 Los Angeles Angels -- No. 27 Center fielder Born: (1991 - 08 - 07) August 7, 1991 (age 27) Vineland, New Jersey Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut July 8, 2011, for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim MLB statistics (through September 22, 2018) Batting average. 307 Hits 1,187 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 648 Stolen bases 189 Teams Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim / Los Angeles Angels (2011 -- present) Career highlights and awards 7 × All - Star (2012 -- 2018) 2 × AL MVP (2014, 2016) AL Rookie of the Year (2012) 5 × Silver Slugger Award (2012 -- 2016) AL Hank Aaron Award (2014) AL RBI leader (2014) AL stolen base leader (2012) 30 -- 30 club (2012) Hit for the cycle on May 21, 2013" + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__851134_613770_7713", + "question": "How long had Pfrang Association's headquarters location been the capitol city of the area where Guangling District is located?", + "answer": "about 400 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Guangling District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pfrang Association", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District", + [ + "Leninsk-Kuznetsky District (, ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the nineteen in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Leninsk-Kuznetsky Municipal District. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 27,825 (2002 Census);" + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Sokolniki District", + [ + "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:" + ] + ], + [ + "Majura Training Area", + [ + "The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities." + ] + ], + [ + "Lyuberetsky District", + [ + "Lyuberetsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census); The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Forlanini (district of Milan)", + [ + "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Guangling District", + [ + "Guangling District () is one of three districts of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. The district includes the eastern half of Yangzhou's main urban area (including Yangzhou's historic center within the former city wall), and the city's eastern suburbs. The other half of the city's main urban area is in Hanjiang District." + ] + ], + [ + "Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh", + [ + "Ghaziabad district (pronounced [ɣaːziːaːˈbaːd̪ ˈzɪlaː]) is a largely suburban district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India of National Capital Region. The city of Ghaziabad is the administrative headquarters of the district. This district is part of Meerut Division. It has become a major bedroom community for Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Pfrang Association", + [ + "Pfrang Association (also known as Pfrang) is a charitable organization based in Nanjing, China which raises money to assist with the education of children in the poor and rural regions of Jiangsu Province. Its aim is to help overcome social inequality and as a result break the cycle of lack of education, poverty, and crime." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Blair", + [ + "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Sandasar", + [ + "Sandasar is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and lies to the west of the district capital Mansehra." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Around", + [ + "\"Love Around\" was filmed entirely on location in Taiwan. Asia FM 92.7, the radio station depicted in the drama is an actual free to air radio station in Taiwan with its headquarters and broadcasting station in Taoyuan City, Taoyuan County. The building and set used in the drama to depict the radio station is actually an office building located at 257 Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City, which is only a few blocks from Sanlih's broadcasting headquarters in the Neihu District of Taipei. The resort that Zhou Zhen owns is the former \"Leo Ocean Resort\" now called \"EHR Hotels & Resorts Yilan\", located in Yilan County. The homes of both main lead characters are located in the newly developed area of Danshui District New Taipei City." + ] + ], + [ + "Dharwad", + [ + "Dharwad is the district headquarters of Dharwad district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was merged with the city of Hubballi in 1961 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 200.23 km² and is located 430 km northwest of Bengaluru, on NH-48, between Bengaluru and Pune." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Alamnagar", + [ + "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang." + ] + ], + [ + "Irkutsky District", + [ + "Irkutsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Irkutsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Irkutsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 84,322." + ] + ], + [ + "Coquimbito", + [ + "Coquimbito is a rural district in the Maipú Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina. It is located in the southeast of the metropolitan area of Mendoza (the provincial capital), and is administratively part of the municipality of Maipú. The name refers to the Chilean port city of Coquimbo." + ] + ], + [ + "Phulrraa", + [ + "Phulrraa is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district and lies to the west of the district capital Mansehra." + ] + ], + [ + "Haifa District", + [ + "Haifa District (, \"Mehoz Ḥeifa\"; ) is an administrative district surrounding the city of Haifa, Israel. The district is one of seven administrative districts of Israel, and its capital is Haifa. The district land area is 864 km (299.3 mi)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__152146_5274_458768_33677", + "question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Långa nätter's record label is located?", + "answer": "2013", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sony Music", + 0 + ], + [ + "Långa nätter", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + 0 + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Biltmore Records", + [ + "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Långa nätter", + [ + "Långa nätter is the debut album by singer-songwriter Melissa Horn, released April 30, 2008, on Sony Music Entertainment. It was produced by Lasse Englund and Jan Radesjö. The album features the singles \"Långa nätter\", \"En famn för mig\" and \"Som jag hade dig förut\", a duet with Lars Winnerbäck." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "MCA Records", + [ + "MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville." + ] + ], + [ + "Peugeot", + [ + "The Peugeot family of Valentigney, Montbéliard, Franche-Comté, France, began in the manufacturing business in the 19th century. In 1842, they added production of coffee, pepper, and salt grinders. The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, saw blades, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his \"Le Grand Bi\" penny-farthing in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles. The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades. The car company and bike company parted ways in 1926 but Peugeot bicycles continued to be built until very recently." + ] + ], + [ + "Rebelle Records", + [ + "Rebelle Records AB is a record label founded by Björn Afzelius in 1988. The name is a convergence of his two daughters' names \"Rebecca\" and \"Isabelle\". The company, which holds the rights to all of Afzelius music is now located in Snekkersten, Denmark." + ] + ], + [ + "Metropolis International", + [ + "Metropolis International Group Limited, established in 1994, is a predominantly UK-based media and technology group specialising in business, consumer and travel media including awards, events and websites, business software, and reward and benefit programmes. It currently has 300 employees and runs offices in West London, Croydon, Bolton, Chester, Dublin, Acton and New York City. The company's headquarters are currently located in Acton, West London." + ] + ], + [ + "EmArcy Records", + [ + "EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company." + ] + ], + [ + "Cool It Now", + [ + "With the group now signed to MCA Records, \"Cool It Now\" (and the album from which it came) was given more extensive and widespread promotion than any single from their previous album (which had been released through a smaller, independent label), and helped bring the group a bigger fan base. The song was the group's first top 10 pop single, peaking at number four on the pop chart, and their second number one R&B hit." + ] + ], + [ + "Elevating Entertainment Motion Pictures", + [ + "Founded in 2007 by Grammy nominated, Dove Award winning artist, producer and filmmaker Dave Moody and his son Joshua Moody, the company is focused on producing, distributing and marketing family-friendly, uplifting, and life-inspiring motion picture entertainment." + ] + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + [ + "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California." + ] + ], + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records", + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + [ + "Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "John Holland Group", + [ + "The John Holland Group is a construction, tunnelling, rail, building and services provider with operations in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia and the Middle East. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a 100% owned subsidiary of China Communications Construction Company, a Chinese state owned enterprise." + ] + ], + [ + "Cannondale Bicycle Corporation", + [ + "The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Canadian conglomerate Dorel Industries that supplies bicycles. It is headquartered in Wilton, Connecticut with manufacturing and assembly facilities in China." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__86458_20273", + "question": "In what year did the founder of the Presbyterian Church die?", + "answer": "1572", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Presbyterianism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition." + ] + ], + [ + "First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey)", + [ + "First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 120 East State Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra" + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word \"Presbyterian,\" when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly)." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James I of England. An estimated 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians moved to the northern counties of Ireland between 1607 and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.[citation needed] The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church. Presbyterians, along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland, suffered under the discriminatory Penal Laws until they were revoked in the early 19th century. Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland." + ] + ], + [ + "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)", + [ + "First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's largest Presbyterian denomination, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – PC (USA) – can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA, as can the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians (ECO)." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) totals approximately 1,011,300 members; other Presbyterian churches (Independents, United, Conservatives, Renovated, etc.) in this nation have around 350,000 members. The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil was influenced by the charismatic movement and has about 131 000 members as of 2011. The Conservative Presbyterian Church was founded in 1940 and has eight presbyteries. The Fundamentalist Presbyterian church in Brazil was influenced by Karl McIntosh and the Bible Presbyterian church USA and has around 1 800 members. The Independent Presbyterian Church in Brasil was founded in 1903 by pastor Pereira, has 500 congregations and 75 000 members. The United Presbyterian Church in Brazil has around 4 000 members. There are also ethnic Korean Presbyterian churches in the country. The Evangelical Reformed Church in Brazil has Dutch origin. The Reformed Churches in Brazil were recently founded by the Canadian Reformed Churches with the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (liberated)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church", + [ + "The Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the town of Asmara, Eritrea in 1995. \"Mahrete yesus\" means Compassion of Jesus. The church endured much turmoil. A Seminary was also founded." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church." + ] + ], + [ + "Newtown Presbyterian Church", + [ + "Newtown Presbyterian Church, also known as Old Presbyterian Church of Newtown, is a historic Presbyterian church complex and national historic district in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939." + ] + ], + [ + "South Park Community Church", + [ + "The South Park Community Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 600 Hathaway Street in Fairplay, Park County, Colorado. Built in 1874, the church was founded by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson. Its board and batten siding and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic churches. Originally the Sheldon Jackson Memorial Chapel, the structure is now the South Park Community (Presbyterian) Church." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__275261_443779_52195", + "question": "Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that formed the Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Pantar is found?", + "answer": "Francisco Guterres", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + 0 + ], + [ + "Blagar language", + 0 + ], + [ + "East Timor", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Kenya", + [ + "Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC)." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + [ + "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral." + ] + ], + [ + "Shark sanctuary", + [ + "In 1991 South Africa became the first country in the world to declare great white sharks a legally protected species." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state. Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Central African Republic", + [ + "In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country's first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), leader Abel Goumba, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state." + ] + ], + [ + "Blagar language", + [ + "Blagar is a Papuan language of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. The Tereweng lect spoken on Tereweng island off the southeast coast of Pantar is sometimes considered a separate language." + ] + ], + [ + "East Timor", + [ + "Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "The Truth About Men", + [ + "The Truth About Men is the eighth studio album released by American country music artist Tracy Byrd and written by Paul Overstreet, Rory Lee Feek and Tim Johnson. Released in 2003 as his final album for RCA Nashville, it features the singles \"The Truth About Men\", \"Drinkin' Bone\", and \"How'd I Wind Up in Jamaica\". Before its release, Byrd charted in the country top 40 with the single \"Lately (Been Dreamin' 'bout Babies)\", which does not appear on the album." + ] + ], + [ + "Leaders of the Vietnam War", + [ + "He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says ``All men are created equal... ''Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264", + [ + "United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Warsaw Pact", + [ + "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Dutch Republic", + [ + "In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II." + ] + ], + [ + "Estanislau da Silva", + [ + "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners", + [ + "Year Recipient Nationality or Base Country Pandurang Shastri Athavale India 2001 Oung Chanthol Cambodia 2001 Dita Indah Sari Indonesia 2002 Sandeep Pandey India 2003 Aniceto Guterres Lopes Timor - Leste Benjamin Abadiano Philippines 2005 Hye - Ran Yoon South Korea 2006 Arvind Kejriwal India 2007 Chen Guangcheng China 2007 Chung To United States in Hong Kong 2008 Ananda Galappatti Sri Lanka 2009 Ka Hsaw Wa Burma 2011 Nileema Mishra India 2012 Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto Indonesia 2014 Randy Halasan Philippines 2015 Sanjiv Chaturvedi India 2016 Thodur Madabusi Krishna India" + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act 1961 of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence effective 1 January 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. Samoa also signed a friendship treaty with New Zealand. Samoa, the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent, joined the Commonwealth of Nations on 28 August 1970. While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__387712_132409_371500_35031", + "question": "Among the top five largest urban areas in the state Jacoby Shaddix' band formed in, where does the city Veoh's headquarters are located rank?", + "answer": "third-largest", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Veoh", + 0 + ], + [ + "Papa Roach", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jacoby Shaddix", + 0 + ], + [ + "San Diego", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "New York City", + [ + "Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "Blue Springs, Missouri", + [ + "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough)." + ] + ], + [ + "Veoh", + [ + "Veoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso." + ] + ], + [ + "Tennessee", + [ + "Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Jakarta", + [ + "Jakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency." + ] + ], + [ + "Papa Roach", + [ + "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther." + ] + ], + [ + "Miami", + [ + "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous megacities, with an estimated 20,320,876 people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23,876,155 residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, and sports. The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy." + ] + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + [ + "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Miami", + [ + "Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Houston", + [ + "The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally." + ] + ], + [ + "Jacoby Shaddix", + [ + "Shaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Dharwad", + [ + "Dharwad is the district headquarters of Dharwad district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was merged with the city of Hubballi in 1961 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 200.23 km² and is located 430 km northwest of Bengaluru, on NH-48, between Bengaluru and Pune." + ] + ], + [ + "San Diego", + [ + "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "University of Kansas", + [ + "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities." + ] + ], + [ + "Southern California", + [ + "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous metacities, with an estimated 20.3 million people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23.7 million residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, and sports. The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy." + ] + ], + [ + "Ranipet", + [ + "Ranipet also known as Ranipettai (lit. Queen's colony) is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 20 kilometers from the Vellore city center (from Vellore Fort) and also Ranipet is a part of vellore metropolitan area and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__106042_64399_53006", + "question": "What is the great mosque constructed at the site of the old temple in the city originating christianity in Rome, Egypt, Judea and the country for Vasilopita?", + "answer": "Al - Aqsa Mosque", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Early centers of Christianity", + 0 + ], + [ + "Al-Aqsa Mosque", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vasilopita", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Rosetta Stone", + [ + "The stone, carved in black granodiorite during the Hellenistic period, is believed to have originally been displayed within a temple, possibly at nearby Sais. It was probably moved during the early Christian or medieval period, and was eventually used as building material in the construction of Fort Julien near the town of Rashid (Rosetta) in the Nile Delta. It was rediscovered there in July 1799 by a French soldier named Pierre - François Bouchard during the Napoleonic campaign in Egypt. It was the first Ancient Egyptian bilingual text recovered in modern times, and it aroused widespread public interest with its potential to decipher this previously untranslated hieroglyphic language. Lithographic copies and plaster casts began circulating among European museums and scholars. Meanwhile, British troops defeated the French in Egypt in 1801, and the original stone came into British possession under the Capitulation of Alexandria and was transported to London. It has been on public display at the British Museum almost continuously since 1802, and is the most - visited object there." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "In 1260, control passed to the Mamluk sultans of Egypt. The country was located between the two centres of Mamluk power, Cairo and Damascus, and only saw some development along the postal road connecting the two cities. Jerusalem, although left without the protection of any city walls since 1219, also saw a flurry of new construction projects centred around the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound (the Temple Mount). In 1266 the Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron into an exclusive Islamic sanctuary and banned Christians and Jews from entering, which previously would be able to enter it for a fee. The ban remained in place until Israel took control of the building in 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "Sultan Ahmed Mosque", + [ + "The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site." + ] + ], + [ + "Pantheon, Rome", + [ + "The Pantheon (/ ˈpænθiən / or US: / ˈpænθiɒn /; Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, ``(temple) of all the gods '') is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC -- 14 AD). The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD. He retained Agrippa's original inscription, which has caused confusion over its date of construction as the original Pantheon burned down, so it is not certain when the present one was built." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "The Pashupatinath Temple is a famous 5th century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (Pashupati). Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in the eastern part of Kathmandu, Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. It served as the seat of national deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was secularized. However, a significant part of the temple was destroyed by Mughal invaders in the 14th century and little or nothing remains of the original 5th-century temple exterior. The temple as it stands today was built in the 19th century, although the image of the bull and the black four-headed image of Pashupati are at least 300 years old. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Shivaratri, or the night of Lord Shiva, is the most important festival that takes place here, attracting thousands of devotees and sadhus.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Early centers of Christianity", + [ + "The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament." + ] + ], + [ + "Monastery of the Virgins", + [ + "The Monastery of the Virgins is a structure uncovered during Benjamin Mazar's excavations south of Jerusalem's Temple Mount. The large number of Christian religious finds from the site have prompted its identification with a monastery described by a pilgrim, Theodosius the archdeacon, in his \"De Situ Terrae Sanctae\", a work of the early 6th century. The building was constructed in the 4th century on the remains of an earlier Herodian building identified with the Second Temple courthouse, and was destroyed during the Persian sack of Jerusalem in 614." + ] + ], + [ + "Kashi Vishwanath Temple", + [ + "The temple has been referred to in Hindu scriptures for a very long time as a central part of worship in the Shaiva philosophy. It has been destroyed and re-constructed a number of times in history. The last structure was demolished by Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor who constructed the Gyanvapi Mosque on its site. The current structure was built on an adjacent site by the Maratha ruler, Ahilya Bai Holkar of Indore in 1780." + ] + ], + [ + "Harrison New York Temple", + [ + "The Harrison New York Temple, previously known as the White Plains New York Temple, was a planned temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) that was to be constructed in Harrison, New York. Construction of the temple was to take place on a 24-acre site purchased by the LDS Church at the intersection of Interstate 287 and Hutchinson River Parkway. Reportedly, efforts had been underway until 2004, but construction was never started and eventually suspended. After delays by lawsuits and objections by local officials, this temple was removed from the list on the LDS Church's official temple website soon after the dedication of the Manhattan New York Temple. Any decision to build a temple on this site would constitute a new announcement." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellenistic period", + [ + "Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sarahan", + [ + "Sarahan is a small village in Himachal Pradesh of India. It is the site of the Bhimakali Temple, originally known as Bhimadevi Temple (Bhīmā Kālī), dedicated to the mother goddess Bhimakali, presiding deity of the rulers of the former Bushahr State. The temple is situated about 170 kilometres from Shimla and is one of 51 Shakti Peethas. The village is known as the \"gateway of Kinnaur\" it being near the old Indo-Tibetan Road. Seven kilometers below (17 km by road) Sarahan is the river Satluj. Sarahan is identified with the Shonitpur mentioned in Puranas." + ] + ], + [ + "London", + [ + "London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Notable mosques include the East London Mosque in Tower Hamlets, London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park and the Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Following the oil boom, increasing numbers of wealthy Hindus and Middle-Eastern Muslims have based themselves around Mayfair and Knightsbridge in West London. There are large Muslim communities in the eastern boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. Large Hindu communities are in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which is home to Europe's largest Hindu temple, Neasden Temple. London is also home to 42 Hindu temples. There are Sikh communities in East and West London, particularly in Southall, home to one of the largest Sikh populations and the largest Sikh temple outside India." + ] + ], + [ + "Eutaw Place Temple", + [ + "Eutaw Place Temple is a large, eclectically-styled former synagogue on Eutaw Place in the Bolton Hill neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland. The temple was constructed to serve the German Jewish immigrant community. Originally built as a synagogue for the Temple Oheb Shalom congregation, the property was sold to the Prince Hall Masons in 1960. It was built in 1892 as the second home of the Oheb Shalom congregation, and borrows design elements from the Great Synagogue of Florence. The architect was Joseph Evans Sperry of Baltimore." + ] + ], + [ + "Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars", + [ + "The Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars is a mosque built in Cairo, Egypt by the Mamluk Sultan al-Zahir Baybars al-Bunduqdari (r. 1260-1277)." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellenistic period", + [ + "Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with civil wars in Rome. The last Hasmonean ruler, Antigonus II Mattathias, was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BCE. In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship, the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized. From 37 BCE to 6 CE, the Herodian dynasty, Jewish-Roman client kings, ruled Judea. Herod the Great considerably enlarged the Temple (see Herod's Temple), making it one of the largest religious structures in the world. The style of the enlarged temple and other Herodian architecture shows significant Hellenistic architectural influence." + ] + ], + [ + "Birmingham Alabama Temple", + [ + "In 1998, when the LDS Church announced the intent to build a temple in Alabama two sites were originally considered. The first site revealed that the earth was too unstable for construction of the necessary size. Obstacles also prevented the project from being built on the second site. Finally in April 1999, the LDS Church selected a third site and decided that the temple would be built in the suburb of Gardendale where the church already owned property to build a meetinghouse. The excess land proved an adequate size for one of the LDS Church's new smaller temples. From the groundbreaking to the dedication of the temple took only eleven months." + ] + ], + [ + "Chitti Gatti", + [ + "Chitti Gatti is a hamlet located in Gandhian (village) of Inayatabad union council, of Mansehra area, of Hazara, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Since early times, it is especially notable for two Hindu festivals which occur on 6th Phagan and on 1st Baisakh, as mentioned by an early Settlement Report;, dedicated to the worship of the deity Shiva. The present old Shiva Temple here on this site, which has been recently restored, was originally constructed by a Raja of Jammu in the 1830s as an act of devotion. According to the latest archaeological research, there were probably earlier Hindu temples on this same site, but the ancient \"Shiva Lingam\" (or \"Ling\") inside the temple's precincts is truly ancient and at least 2000 years old. The temple and \"Lingam\" still attract many Hindu pilgrims and tourists each year, especially at the time of the annual \"Maha Shivratri' festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Al-Aqsa Mosque", + [ + "Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى ��� ‎ Al - Masjid al - 'Aqṣā, IPA: (ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsʕɑ) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba." + ] + ], + [ + "Vasilopita", + [ + "Vasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα χρόνος: \"chrónos ⇨ time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta ⇨ pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie." + ] + ], + [ + "Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra", + [ + "The original building was partially destroyed and converted into a mosque by Qutb - ud - Din - Aibak of Delhi in the late 12th century. According to a local legend, after defeating Vigraharaja's nephew Prithviraja III in the Second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori passed through Ajmer. There, he saw the magnificent temples, and ordered his slave general Qutb - ud - Din - Aibak to destroy them, and construct a mosque -- all within 60 hours (that is, ​ 2 ⁄ days). The artisans could not build a complete mosque in 60 hours time, but constructed a brick screen wall where Ghori could offer prayers. By the end of the century, a complete mosque was built." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__10017_18974", + "question": "Who led the military expedition in the province that borders Zhejiang to the south?", + "answer": "Chen Zheng", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Zhejiang", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hokkien", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Antarctica", + [ + "During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in 1931. In addition, Shackleton himself and three other members of his expedition made several firsts in December 1908 – February 1909: they were the first humans to traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, the first to traverse the Transantarctic Mountains (via the Beardmore Glacier), and the first to set foot on the South Polar Plateau. An expedition led by Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen from the ship Fram became the first to reach the geographic South Pole on 14 December 1911, using a route from the Bay of Whales and up the Axel Heiberg Glacier. One month later, the doomed Scott Expedition reached the pole." + ] + ], + [ + "Bueng Kan Province", + [ + "The province is in the northeastern corner of Thailand. It borders, from the south clockwise, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon Nakhon, and Nong Khai Province. To the north and east it borders Bolikhamsai Province of Laos, with the Mekong River forming the boundary." + ] + ], + [ + "Manitoba Highway 89", + [ + "Provincial Trunk Highway 89 (PTH 89) is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The entire road lies within the Rural Municipality of Piney and is long. It runs from PTH 12 south to Piney and the U.S. border. South of the border it becomes Minnesota State Highway 89." + ] + ], + [ + "Đức Huệ District", + [ + "Đức Huệ is a rural district of Long An Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It has a western border with Cambodia; a southwest border with Thạnh Hóa District; an eastern border with Đức Hòa District; and a south and southeast border with Thủ Thừa District and Bến Lức District." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhejiang", + [ + "Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "Bilene Macia District", + [ + "Bilene Macia District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Macia. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Chókwè District in the north, Xai-Xai District in the east, and Magude District of Maputo Province in the west. In the south, the district is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is . It has a population of 151911 as of 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Newton–Jenney Party", + [ + "The Newton–Jenney Party of 1875, led by Henry Newton and Walter P. Jenney, and escorted by a military detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Richard I. Dodge, and known also as the Jenney-Newton Party, was a scientific expedition sponsored by the United States Geological Survey to map the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Newton-Jenney expedition was established in response to the Black Hills Gold Rush, which had been escalated the previous year by General George Armstrong Custer's expedition into the Black Hills. The Newton–Jenney Party included many figures who would gain notoriety in the 19th century, including Calamity Jane, Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, and California Joe Milner. The expedition confirmed Custer's claims of gold and prompted an increase of miners in the Black Hills region, which in turn antagonized events leading to the Great Sioux War of 1876-77." + ] + ], + [ + "Panda District", + [ + "Panda District is a district of Inhambane Province in south-east Mozambique. Its principal town is Panda. The district is located at the northwest of the province and borders with Funhalouro District in the north, Homoine District in the east, Inharrime District in the south, and with Chibuto and Manjacaze Districts of Gaza Province in the west. The area of the district is . It has a population of 47.946 as of 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "A Kiom", + [ + "A Kiom is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Siege of Germanicia", + [ + "The Siege of Germanicia or Marash was led by Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate during their campaigns in Anatolia in 638. The city surrendered without much bloodshed. This expedition is important because it marks the end of the military career of the legendary Arab Muslim general Khalid ibn Walid, who was dismissed from the army a few months after his return from the expedition." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhejiang", + [ + "Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority)." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhejiang", + [ + "Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: \"Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou\" (上有天堂，下有苏杭), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities." + ] + ], + [ + "Military history of Indonesia", + [ + "Many inscriptions were found that mention Srivijayan activity in the 7th century. The Kedukan Bukit inscription is the oldest record of Indonesian military history, and noted a 7th - century Srivijaya n siddhayatra expedition led by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa. He was said to have brought 20,000 troops, including 200 seamen and 1,312 foot soldiers. The Telaga Batu inscription mentions military titles; such as senāpati (general), cātabhata (soldier), puhāvam (ship captain) and vāsīkarana (blacksmith / weapon maker). It revealed that the empire had specialised military units and formal military occupations. The Kota Kapur inscription mentions a Srivijayan naval expedition against Bhumi Java, and is dated to a period coinciding with the fall of the Tarumanagara and Kalingga kingdoms in Java." + ] + ], + [ + "Chibuto District", + [ + "Chibuto District is a district of Gaza Province in south-western Mozambique. Its principal town is Chibuto. The district is located at the south of the province, and borders with Chigubo District in the north, Panda District of Inhambane Province in the east, Manjacaze District in the southeast, Xai-Xai District in the south, Chókwè District in the southwest, and Guijá District in the west. The area of the district is . It has a population of 197,214 as of 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Quzhou Airport", + [ + "Quzhou Airport () is a dual-use military and civil airport serving the city of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province, China. The airport is located 2.9 kilometers east of the city center and was opened to civil flights on 26 November 1993. The public terminal is unique in being separated by a lake from the two aircraft bays, requiring passengers to walk across a lengthy causeway." + ] + ], + [ + "East Nusa Tenggara", + [ + "Located in the east of Lesser Sunda Islands, East Nusa Tenggara faces the Indian Ocean in the south and Flores Sea in the north. The province is bordered by other provinces, West Nusa Tenggara in the west. In the east, the province is bordered by East Timor and southern part of Maluku." + ] + ], + [ + "India–Pakistan border", + [ + "The India and Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the four provinces of Pakistan. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian controlled Kashmir from Pakistan controlled Kashmir, in the north, to Wagah, which partitioned the Indian Punjab state and Punjab Province of Pakistan, in the east. The Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhejiang", + [ + "Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (魏) and Shu (蜀), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhejiang", + [ + "The province is traditionally known as the \"Land of Fish and Rice\". True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton, and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside." + ] + ], + [ + "Hokkien", + [ + "In 677 (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong), Chen Zheng (陳政), together with his son Chen Yuanguang (陳元光), led a military expedition to pacify the rebellion in Fujian. They settled in Zhangzhou and brought the Middle Chinese phonology of northern China during the 7th century into Zhangzhou; In 885, (during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang), the two brothers Wang Chao (王潮) and Wang Shenzhi (王審知), led a military expedition force to pacify the Huang Chao rebellion. They brought the Middle Chinese phonology commonly spoken in Northern China into Zhangzhou. These two waves of migrations from the north generally brought the language of northern Middle Chinese into the Fujian region. This then gradually evolved into the Zhangzhou dialect." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__15650_77173", + "question": "Where are the Ozark Mountains located within the state where Robert Patton worked in May 2014?", + "answer": "northeastern Oklahoma", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ozarks", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Zalmoxis Peak", + [ + "Zalmoxis Peak (, ‘Vrah Zalmoxis’ \\'vr&h zal-'mok-sis\\) is the rocky peak rising to 2500 m in Bearskin Ridge on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is surmounting Patton Glacier to the northwest and Crosswell Glacier to the southeast." + ] + ], + [ + "Ozark Township, Barry County, Missouri", + [ + "Ozark Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 879." + ] + ], + [ + "John Deere", + [ + "As of 2014, Deere & Company employed about 67,000 people worldwide, of which half are in the United States and Canada, and is the largest agriculture machinery company in the world. In August 2014, the company announced it was indefinitely laying off 600 of its workers at plants in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas due to less demand for its products. Inside the United States, the company's primary locations are its administrative center in Moline, Illinois, and manufacturing factories in central and southeastern United States. As of 2016, the company experiments with an electric farm tractor." + ] + ], + [ + "Donovan Patton", + [ + "Donovan Patton (born March 1, 1978 at Agana Naval Air Station in Guam) is an American host, actor, voice actor, and singer. Patton graduated from the Interlochen Arts Academy and acted in Shakespeare plays such as Much Ado About Nothing and Romeo and Juliet before he replaced Steve Burns as Joe, the new host of Nickelodeon's children's television program Blue's Clues in 2002. On Patton's acting, series co-creator Angela Santomero stated that Patton brought Joe, his character, closer to the preschool viewer, as Joe was more willing to ``jump into a problem rather than figure it out first like Steve ''. After Blue's Clues ended Patton voiced Bot on Nickelodeon's Team Umizoomi; for his work on children's television, Patton has been described as a`` household name'' and an ``unqualified star to the 5 - and - under set and their parents ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Sugarloaf Ridge State Park", + [ + "Sugarloaf Ridge State Park is a state park in Northern California, U.S.A.. Located in the Mayacamas Mountains north of Kenwood, the park straddles the boundary between Sonoma and Napa counties. The park contains the Bald Mountain and the headwaters of Sonoma Creek including a tall seasonal waterfall. The park is also home to the volunteer-run Robert Ferguson Observatory. Camping, picnicking, horseback riding, mountain biking, stargazing, fishing and hiking are common attractions of Sugarloaf. The park boasts 25 miles of trails with trails ranging from less than a mile to 8.8 miles, and elevation gains reaching 2,500 feet." + ] + ], + [ + "Montauk, Missouri", + [ + "Montauk is an unincorporated community in southwestern Dent County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 119, on the Current River and is in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Montauk State Park, famed for its rainbow and brown trout, is here." + ] + ], + [ + "Patton Home", + [ + "The Patton Home is a historic building and low-income housing facility in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was once known as the Patton Home for the Friendless." + ] + ], + [ + "Organ Mountains", + [ + "The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains - Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie 10 miles (16 km) east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County." + ] + ], + [ + "Clarksville, Arkansas", + [ + "Clarksville is a city in Johnson County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 9,178, up from 7,719 in 2000. As of 2016, the estimated population was 9,524. The city is the county seat of Johnson County. It is nestled between the Arkansas River and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, and Interstate 40 and US Highway 64 intersect within the city limits. Clarksville-Johnson County is widely known for its peaches, scenic byways and abundance of natural outdoor recreational activities." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma", + [ + "Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting in Lockett regaining consciousness, trying to get up, and to speak, before dying of a heart attack 43 minutes later, after the attempted execution had been called off. In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution." + ] + ], + [ + "Mammoth, Missouri", + [ + "Mammoth is an unincorporated community in Ozark County, Missouri, United States. Mammoth is located along Missouri Route T south-southeast of Gainesville. Mammoth is situated on the confluence of the Possum Walk Creek flowing into Lick Creek. The mouth of Little Creek is located northwest of Mammoth on Lick Creek." + ] + ], + [ + "Caulfield, Missouri", + [ + "Caulfield is an unincorporated community in western Howell County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 160 and Missouri Route 101 about fifteen miles west of West Plains. The Ozark County line lies just to the west of Caulfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Leonard Wood", + [ + "Fort Leonard Wood is a United States Army installation located in the Missouri Ozarks. The main gate is located on the southern boundary of St. Robert. The post was created in December 1940 and named in honor of General Leonard Wood (former Chief of Staff) in January 1941. Originally intended to train infantry troops, in 1941 it became an engineer training post with the creation of the Engineer Replacement Training Center. During World War II Italian and German POWs were interned at the fort. In 1984, as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process, most of the U.S. Army Engineer School's operations were consolidated at Fort Leonard Wood. Before that, officer training was conducted at Fort Belvoir Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Sweetwater Mansion", + [ + "Sweetwater Mansion (also known as the Governor Robert Patton House), located in Florence, Alabama, is a plantation house designed by General John Brahan of the Alabama Militia. A veteran of the War of 1812, Brahan owned more than 4,000 acres in eastern Lauderdale County, Alabama. The eight room home was built of bricks manufactured on the site of Sweetwater Creek which lay just below the house. Sweetwater Mansion received its name from the creek and was first occupied by Brahan's son-in-law Robert M. Patton, a post-Civil War governor of Alabama, who completed the mansion in 1835." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma", + [ + "The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction." + ] + ], + [ + "Ozarks", + [ + "The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas." + ] + ], + [ + "Terry Wallis", + [ + "Terry Wallis (born April 7, 1964) is an American man living in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas who on June 11, 2003, regained awareness after spending 19 years in a minimally conscious state." + ] + ], + [ + "Greer Spring", + [ + "Greer Spring is a first magnitude spring located in the southeast portion of the Ozark Plateau, in Oregon County in south-central Missouri within the boundaries of the Mark Twain National Forest. The spring is the second largest spring in the Ozarks, with an average discharge of of water per second. Greer Spring was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980." + ] + ], + [ + "Sulphur Spring Range", + [ + "The Sulphur Spring Range is a mountain range located in east-central Nevada in the United States. The mountains are found mostly in Eureka County northeast of the Roberts Mountains and west of the Diamond Valley and Diamond Mountains. The range lies in a north-south direction, and reaches an elevation of at Bald Mountain. The range crosses into Elko County at the northeastern end." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__37097_53663", + "question": "Where is the river where the majority of Egyptians lived located in the world?", + "answer": "northeastern Africa", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Egypt", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nile", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "San Nicolas, Manila", + [ + "San Nicolas is one of the sixteen districts in the city of Manila in the Philippines. It is located at the west central part of the city, on the northern bank of Pasig River bounded by the districts of Binondo to the east, and Tondo to the north and west. This community has kept its 19th-century ancestral houses, which symbolizes the wealthy lives of the people who used to live there, similar to the ancestral houses of Silay and Vigan." + ] + ], + [ + "Greeks", + [ + "In Homer's Iliad, the names Danaans (or Danaoi: Δαναοί) and Argives (Argives: Αργείοι) are used to designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans. The myth of Danaus, whose origin is Egypt, is a foundation legend of Argos. His daughters Danaides, were forced in Tartarus to carry a jug to fill a bathtub without a bottom. This myth is connected with a task that can never be fulfilled (Sisyphos) and the name can be derived from the PIE root *danu: \"river\". There is not any satisfactory theory on their origin. Some scholars connect Danaans with the Denyen, one of the groups of the sea peoples who attacked Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III (1187-1156 BCE). The same inscription mentions the Weshesh who might have been the Achaeans. The Denyen seem to have been inhabitants of the city Adana in Cilicia. Pottery similar to that of Mycenae itself has been found in Tarsus of Cilicia and it seems that some refugees from the Aegean went there after the collapse of the Mycenean civilization. These Cilicians seem to have been called Dananiyim, the same word as Danaoi who attacked Egypt in 1191 BC along with the Quaouash (or Weshesh) who may be Achaeans. They were also called Danuna according to a Hittite inscription and the same name is mentioned in the Amarna letters. Julius Pokorny reconstructs the name from the PIE root da:-: \"flow, river\", da:-nu: \"any moving liquid, drops\", da: navo \"people living by the river, Skyth. nomadic people (in Rigveda water-demons, fem.Da:nu primordial goddess), in Greek Danaoi, Egypt. Danuna\". It is also possible that the name Danaans is pre-Greek. A country Danaja with a city Mukana (propaply: Mycenea) is mentioned in inscriptions from Egypt from Amenophis III (1390-1352 BC), Thutmosis III (1437 BC)." + ] + ], + [ + "Tibet", + [ + "Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These include the Yangtze, Yellow River, Indus River, Mekong, Ganges, Salween and the Yarlung Tsangpo River (Brahmaputra River). The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River, is among the deepest and longest canyons in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Demographics of China", + [ + "China is the most populated country in the world and its national population density (137 / km) is similar to those of Switzerland and the Czech Republic. The overall population density of China conceals major regional variations, the western and northern part have a few million people, while eastern half has about 1.3 billion. The vast majority of China's population lives near the east in major cities." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Kawd", + [ + "Al Kawd is a town in south-western Yemen, near Zinjibar. It is located in the Abyan Governorate and lies on the Gulf of Aden, approximately 40 kilometres by road east of Aden. The Wadi Bana, a major river of Yemen flows into the sea to the east of the town." + ] + ], + [ + "Caddo", + [ + "Most of the Caddo historically lived in the Piney Woods ecoregion of the United States, divided among the state regions of East Texas, southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma. This region extends up to the foothills of the Ozarks. The Piney Woods are a dense forest of deciduous and pinophyta flora covering rolling hills, steep river valleys, and intermittent wetlands called ``bayous ''. Caddo people primarily settled near the Caddo River." + ] + ], + [ + "Pine Island (Ontario)", + [ + "Pine Island is an island of Northern Ontario, Canada, in the northwestern portion of Lake Huron, near the mouth of the St. Marys River, which connects Lake Huron with Lake Superior. It has a mix of year-round and seasonal (cottage) residents. Some of them live near the island; and some of those neighbors live on other smaller islands nearby. During the night, a nearby lighthouse blinks with an interval of approximately 3 seconds. The lighthouse is located on Matthew's Island, used seasonally by the Matthew's family. This island is geographically close to St. Joseph Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Near East", + [ + "One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sirkanay District", + [ + "Sirkanay District (Sarkani District) is situated in the central part of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Pakistan to the south. The population is 24,200 (2006). The district administrative center is the village of Serkanay () at 775 m altitude. To the north the district borders the Kunar River, which irrigates the small part of arable land. Drought is the major problem of the people. The majority of the houses (70%) were destroyed during the wars. Many young men live and work in Pakistan." + ] + ], + [ + "Whiteshell River", + [ + "The Whiteshell River is one of the major rivers in Whiteshell Provincial Park, in southeastern Manitoba, Canada, near the Ontario border. This river is close to some petroform sites that are about 2000 years old or older. The name \"whiteshell\" is in reference to the Meegis or cowry shells used by Ojibwa peoples in their ceremonies and teachings, especially the Midewiwin, and as recorded in their birch bark scrolls." + ] + ], + [ + "Brockway, Montana", + [ + "Brockway is an unincorporated community in southern McCone County, Montana, United States located near the Redwater River. At the 2000 census, the Brockway area had a population of approximately 140 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Ministry of Finance (Egypt)", + [ + "The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The current minister is Amr El-Garhy. It is located in Ministry of Finance Towers, Nasr City." + ] + ], + [ + "Hammertown, Ontario", + [ + "Hammertown is a community located in the township of King, in Ontario, Canada, near the intersection of the 12th concession and 17th sideroad. It was once a small hamlet which had a general store, blacksmith shop, a schoolhouse, and a post office. People who live in Hammertown provision most of their goods and services from Nobleton, Bolton or Schomberg." + ] + ], + [ + "Petro Sport Stadium", + [ + "The Petrosport Stadium (, : Estad Petrosport) is a multi-use stadium with an all-seated capacity of 16,000 located in Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It was completed in 2006. It is the home for ENPPI and other Petrol clubs in Egypt. Zamalek also play the majority of their home games at the Petrosport Stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "Imbaba Bridge", + [ + "The Imbaba Bridge is a major railway bridge located in Cairo, Egypt across the Nile River. It is located about 935 kilometers downstream from Aswan Dam. Imbaba Bridge is currently the only railway bridge across the Nile in Cairo. The current version of the bridge was built between 1912 and 1924 by the Belgian firm Baume-Marpent." + ] + ], + [ + "Egypt", + [ + "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta." + ] + ], + [ + "Egypt", + [ + "Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order." + ] + ], + [ + "Tranquille River", + [ + "Tranquille River is a river located in the Thompson Country region of British Columbia. The river is located on the north side of Kamloops Lake almost west of Kamloops, near Tranquille, Kamloops. The river was discovered as gold-bearing in 1852. The river has been mined and the total value of gold mined is estimated at $250,000." + ] + ], + [ + "Nile", + [ + "The Nile (Arabic: النيل ‎) is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an ``international ''river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan." + ] + ], + [ + "Potomac River", + [ + "The Potomac River (/ pəˈtoʊmək / (listen)) is located along the mid-Atlantic Ocean coast of the United States and flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river (main stem and North Branch) is approximately 405 miles (652 km) long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles (38,000 km). In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast of the United States and the 21st largest in the United States. Over 5 million people live within the Potomac watershed." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__596188_297986", + "question": "What administrative territorial entity contains the place where Mycenae House is located?", + "answer": "Royal Borough of Greenwich", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Maze Hill", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mycenae House", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Motru Coal Mine", + [ + "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997." + ] + ], + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Caucasus Governorate", + [ + "Caucasus Governorate (, \"Kavkazskaya guberniya\") was an administrative division (a \"guberniya\") of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1802 until 1822. Its seat was located in Georgiyevsk. The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1822, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Caucasus Oblast, with the administrative center in Stavropol." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Washington University in St. Louis", + [ + "Washington University's North Campus and West Campus principally house administrative functions that are not student focused. North Campus lies in St. Louis City near the Delmar Loop. The University acquired the building and adjacent property in 2004, formerly home to the Angelica Uniform Factory. Several University administrative departments are located at the North Campus location, including offices for Quadrangle Housing, Accounting and Treasury Services, Parking and Transportation Services, Army ROTC, and Network Technology Services. The North Campus location also provides off-site storage space for the Performing Arts Department. Renovations are still ongoing; recent additions to the North Campus space include a small eatery operated by Bon Appétit Management Company, the University's on-campus food provider, completed during spring semester 2007, as well as the Family Learning Center, operated by Bright Horizons and opened in September 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Pegangsaan, Menteng", + [ + "Pegangsaan is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10320. This administrative village is also known as the location of the house where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Badamlı", + [ + "Badamlı (also, Badamly) is a village and municipality in the Shahbuz District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 14 km in the west from the district center. Its population is busy with gardening and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, culture house, library and hospital in the village. It has a population of 1,101. There were the ram stone sculptures of the Middle Ages in the cemetery of its territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Blair", + [ + "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve", + [ + "Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia located in the locality of Ghan." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Meigs Campus", + [ + "The Mount Meigs Campus is a juvenile corrections facility of the Alabama Department of Youth Services located in Mount Meigs, unincorporated Montgomery County; the campus serves as the agency's administrative headquarters. The campus, which can house 264 boys, is next to Interstate 85 North and about east of Downtown Montgomery. Since 2015, the separate J. Walter Wood Treatment facility for 24 girls is also located in the Mount Meigs Campus." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Mycenae, New York", + [ + "Mycenae is a hamlet in the Town of Manlius, within Onondaga County, USA. It lies at the meeting point of New York Route 5 and Route 290. Mycenae is located at 43° 02' 56\" North, 75° 55' 50\" West. Presumably the hamlet was named after the ancient Greek city of Mycenae." + ] + ], + [ + "Maze Hill", + [ + "Maze Hill is an area in Greenwich and Blackheath, in south-east London, lying to the east of Greenwich Park, and west of the Westcombe Park area of Blackheath. It is part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich, and takes its name from the main thoroughfare, Maze Hill. It gives its name to Maze Hill railway station." + ] + ], + [ + "Sant Martí d'Empúries", + [ + "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack." + ] + ], + [ + "Mycenae House", + [ + "Mycenae House is a community centre housed in a former convent building adjacent to the Georgian villa, Woodlands House, in Mycenae Road, in the Westcombe Park area of Greenwich, London." + ] + ], + [ + "Ammerud", + [ + "Ammerud is a part of Grorud Borough in Oslo, Norway known for its large Le Corbusier style housing blocks. The borough administration is located here." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__51760_122023", + "question": "What is the name of the university that educated the character that Mel Brooks plays in Mr. Peabody and Sherman?", + "answer": "Luitpold Gymnasium", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Albert Einstein", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Face Is Familiar", + [ + "The Face Is Familiar is an American game show which aired in color on CBS as a summer replacement show from May 7 to September 3, 1966. The show was hosted by Jack Whitaker and featured celebrity guests including Bob Crane, Dick Van Patten, Mel Brooks and June Lockhart." + ] + ], + [ + "Samantha Norwood", + [ + "Samantha Frances Norwood (born 7 December 1989) is an Australian basketball player playing for the Canberra Capitals in 2012/13. She previously had played for the West Coast Waves in the Women's National Basketball League. She played for Stony Brook University for a year." + ] + ], + [ + "Big Flat Brook", + [ + "Big Flat Brook is the name of Flat Brook upstream of the inflow of Little Flat Brook, a tributary of the Delaware River, in Sussex County, New Jersey in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Wayback Machine", + [ + "The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the \"WABAC machine\" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Novak", + [ + "Mr. Novak is an American dramatic series starring James Franciscus in the title role, which aired on NBC for two seasons, from 1963 to 1965. The series won a Peabody Award in 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "On October 11, 2011, Doug Morris announced that Mel Lewinter had been named Executive Vice President of Label Strategy. Lewinter previously served as chairman and CEO of Universal Motown Republic Group. In January 2012, Dennis Kooker was named President of Global Digital Business and US Sales." + ] + ], + [ + "John Sherman", + [ + "Sherman's father died suddenly in 1829, leaving his mother to care for 11 children. Several of the oldest children, including Sherman's older brother William, were fostered with nearby relatives, but John and his brother Hoyt stayed with their mother in Lancaster until 1831. In that year, Sherman's father's cousin (also named John Sherman) took Sherman into his home in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he enrolled in school. The other John Sherman intended for his namesake to study there until he was ready to enroll at nearby Kenyon College, but Sherman disliked school and was, in his own words, \"a troublesome boy\". In 1835, he returned to his mother's home in Lancaster. Sherman continued his education there at a local academy where, after being briefly expelled for punching a teacher, he studied for two years." + ] + ], + [ + "John Joseph Murphy Memorial Higher Secondary School", + [ + "John Joseph Murphy Memorial Higher Secondary School is a secondary school located in Yendayar, Kerala, India. It is managed as part of the Kanjirappalli educational district, and has the centre code 32011. The school was opened in 1982 by Mr. Michael A. Kallivayalil with the support of local people. The school was established in the name of Mr. J.J. Murphy (1872 - 1957), one of the most successful individual British planters in India." + ] + ], + [ + "The Nutty Professor (1996 film)", + [ + "Eddie Murphy as Professor Sherman Klump / Buddy Love Murphy also plays Papa Cletus Klump (Sherman's father), Mama Anna Klump (Sherman's mother), Granny Ida Jenson (Sherman's Grandma, Anna's Mama), Ernie Klump, Sr. (Sherman's brother) and Lance Perkins, a parody of Richard Simmons Jada Pinkett as Carla Purty James Coburn as Harlan Hartley Larry Miller as Dean Richmond Dave Chappelle as Reggie Warrington Chappelle reprised his role on Chris Rock's 1997 album Roll with the New. John Ales as Jason Jamal Mixon as Ernie Klump, Jr. Montell Jordan as himself" + ] + ], + [ + "Albert Einstein", + [ + "The Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later." + ] + ], + [ + "The Hasty Heart", + [ + "The Hasty Heart is a 1949 Anglo-American co-production directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Ronald Reagan, Patricia Neal, and Richard Todd. The film based is based on the play of the same name by John Patrick." + ] + ], + [ + "Sherman Douglas", + [ + "Sherman Douglas (born September 15, 1966) is a retired American professional basketball player from Syracuse University who played for the Miami Heat, Boston Celtics, Milwaukee Bucks, New Jersey Nets and the Los Angeles Clippers from 1989 to 2001. His nickname, \"The General\" is a play on his first name and his position as a point guard (as a floor general). He was known for revolutionizing the running \"floater\" shot in the lane." + ] + ], + [ + "Penelope Tree", + [ + "Penelope Tree is the only child of Ronald, a British journalist, investor and Conservative MP, and Marietta Peabody Tree, a U.S. socialite and political activist. She is the great-granddaughter of American retailer Marshall Field and of American educator Endicott Peabody. She is the half-sister of both the racehorse trainer Jeremy Tree and the author Frances FitzGerald and a niece of former Massachusetts governor Endicott Peabody." + ] + ], + [ + "William Curphey", + [ + "Curphey was born in Glasgow, Scotland to Mr. and Mrs. William Salvador Curphey, who at the time of his death were residing at 87 Canfield Gardens, Hampstead, Middlesex, England; the elder William Curphey was a civil servant. The younger William Curphey was educated at Glasgow Academy, at University College School, Hampstead, and at King's College London. He belonged to the Officers' Training Corps at London University." + ] + ], + [ + "Eloise at Christmastime", + [ + "Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise Julie Andrews as Nanny Kenneth Welsh as Sir Wilkes Debra Monk as Maggie Gavin Creel as Bill Rick Roberts as Brooks Sara Topham as Rachel Peabody Corinne Conley as Mrs. Thornton Christine Baranski as Prunella Stickler Jeffrey Tambor as Mr. Salomone Araxi Arslanian as Head of Housekeeping Tannis Burnett as Miss Thompson Neil Crone as Agent Kringle Arlene Duncan as Lily Sean Gallagher as Rick Graham Harley as Walter Colm Magner as Thomas the Maitre'd Debra McGrath as Cornelia Gerry Quigley as Jerry Julian Richings as Patrice Cliff Saunders as Max Tony Sciara as Assistant Chef Marco David Sparrow as Charlie, the 59th Street Doorman Victor A. Young as Mr. Peabody" + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + [ + "In addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi, William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh, the Wright Brothers, Jackie Robinson and baby Moses." + ] + ], + [ + "Mel Moraine", + [ + "Mel Moraine () is a moraine at the north end of the Gagarin Mountains, in the Orvin Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos and surveys by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956–60, and named Mel (meal)." + ] + ], + [ + "Young Frankenstein", + [ + "Young Frankenstein Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Brooks Produced by Michael Gruskoff Screenplay by Mel Brooks Gene Wilder Based on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Starring Gene Wilder Peter Boyle Marty Feldman Cloris Leachman Teri Garr Kenneth Mars Madeline Kahn Music by John Morris Cinematography Gerald Hirschfeld Edited by John C. Howard Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date December 15, 1974 (1974 - 12 - 15) Running time 105 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $2.78 million Box office $86.2 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman Theatrical release poster Directed by Rob Minkoff Produced by Alex Schwartz Denise Nolan Cascino Screenplay by Craig Wright Based on Peabody's Improbable History by Ted Key Starring Ty Burrell Max Charles Ariel Winter Stephen Colbert Leslie Mann Allison Janney Music by Danny Elfman Edited by Michael Andrews Production company DreamWorks Animation Pacific Data Images Bullwinkle Studios Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date February 7, 2014 (2014 - 02 - 07) (United Kingdom) March 7, 2014 (2014 - 03 - 07) (United States) Running time 92 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $145 million Box office $275.7 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Noodle", + [ + "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__51760_602275", + "question": "Who was the child of the person that Mel Brooks played in Mr. Peabody and Sherman?", + "answer": "Hans Albert Einstein", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + 0 + ], + [ + "Evelyn Einstein", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "In Death characters", + [ + "Peabody has a very close relationship with the heroine of the book, Eve. Upon being requested to be Eve's aide at the start of the series, Peabody was incredibly grateful for the opportunity as she had studied Eve's cases in the Police Academy and idolizes her. Their relationship grows over time, beyond mentor - mentee to deep friendship. It is for this reason that Eve tells Peabody about her childhood and subsequent act of patricide in Visions in Death." + ] + ], + [ + "Sherman Fairchild", + [ + "Born in Oneonta, New York, Sherman Fairchild was the only child of George Winthrop Fairchild (1854–1924) and Josephine Mills Sherman (1859–1924). His father was a Republican Congressman as well as a co-founder and the first Chairman of IBM. His mother was the daughter of William Sherman, of Davenport, Iowa." + ] + ], + [ + "Penelope Tree", + [ + "Penelope Tree is the only child of Ronald, a British journalist, investor and Conservative MP, and Marietta Peabody Tree, a U.S. socialite and political activist. She is the great-granddaughter of American retailer Marshall Field and of American educator Endicott Peabody. She is the half-sister of both the racehorse trainer Jeremy Tree and the author Frances FitzGerald and a niece of former Massachusetts governor Endicott Peabody." + ] + ], + [ + "George Peabody House Museum", + [ + "The George Peabody House Museum is a historic house museum at 205 Washington Street in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is dedicated to the life and deeds of 19th century U.S. entrepreneur, philanthropist, and namesake of the city, George Peabody. The museum shares its location with the Peabody Leather Museum. Within its walls, in 1795, George Peabody was born in what was then called South Danvers." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + [ + "In addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi, William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh, the Wright Brothers, Jackie Robinson and baby Moses." + ] + ], + [ + "Mara Wilson", + [ + "Mara Elizabeth Wilson (born July 24, 1987) is an American writer and former child actress. She is known for playing Natalie Hillard in Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Susan Walker in Miracle on 34th Street (1994), Matilda Wormwood in Matilda (1996) and Lily Stone in Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000). Since retiring from film acting, Wilson has focused on writing." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Noodle", + [ + "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program." + ] + ], + [ + "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation", + [ + "The film will be directed by Genndy Tartakovsky, produced by Michelle Murdocca and co-written by Tartakovsky and Michael McCullers, and feature the reprised roles of Adam Sandler, Selena Gomez, Andy Samberg, Asher Blinkoff, Kevin James, David Spade, Steve Buscemi, Keegan - Michael Key, Sadie Sandler, Molly Shannon, Fran Drescher and Mel Brooks. The new additions to the cast include Kathryn Hahn and Jim Gaffigan. It is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 13, 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Will Sherman", + [ + "Will Sherman (October 20, 1927 – October 11, 1997) was an American football defensive back who played with the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams from 1954 to 1960." + ] + ], + [ + "Watch Mr. Wizard", + [ + "\"Watch Mr. Wizard\" first aired on NBC on March 3, 1951 with Don Herbert as the title character. In the weekly half hour live television show Herbert played a science hobbyist, and every Saturday morning a neighbor boy or girl would come to visit. The children were played by child actors; one of them (Rita McLaughlin) enjoyed a long subsequent acting career. Mr. Wizard always had some kind of laboratory experiment going that taught something about science. The experiments, many of which seemed impossible at first glance, were usually simple enough to be re-created by viewers." + ] + ], + [ + "Evelyn Einstein", + [ + "Evelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 – 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Novak", + [ + "Mr. Novak is an American dramatic series starring James Franciscus in the title role, which aired on NBC for two seasons, from 1963 to 1965. The series won a Peabody Award in 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "Look Who's Talking Now", + [ + "David Gallagher and Tabitha Lupien portray Mikey and Julie respectively. Unlike the previous films, it does not feature the voiceover talents of Bruce Willis, Roseanne Barr, Damon Wayans, Joan Rivers, or Mel Brooks as their interior monologues; rather, Danny DeVito and Diane Keaton provide voiceover roles for their newly acquired dogs, Rocks and Daphne, respectively, and it focuses more on their life." + ] + ], + [ + "List of The Incredibles characters", + [ + "In The Incredibles, Buddy Pine (a.k.a. Syndrome) (voiced by Jason Lee) first appears as a 10 - year - old child who professes to be Mr. Incredible's ``number 1 fan ''. However, Mr. Incredible, having his patience long exhausted by this obsessed child pestering him, bluntly tells the child to leave him alone. In an attempt to earn his hero's respect, Buddy Pine tries to aid him in fighting crime as`` IncrediBoy'', with gadgets of his own invention. Mr. Incredible declines Buddy's offer, and during a subsequent conflict between Mr. Incredible and the supervillain Bomb Voyage, Buddy intervenes and ends up with a bomb attached to his cape. Mr. Incredible's attempt to remove it leads to the destruction of a section of train tracks, which requires him to save the approaching L - Train. Mr. Incredible then hands Buddy over to the police to have them take him home and tell his mother what he's been doing. Buddy feels rejected and completely misconstrues his hero's reasons, blindly disregarding all the trouble he caused because of his reckless obsession, and rationalizing that it is simply because Mr. Incredible considers him inferior because he does not have innate powers." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman", + [ + "Mr. Peabody & Sherman Theatrical release poster Directed by Rob Minkoff Produced by Alex Schwartz Denise Nolan Cascino Screenplay by Craig Wright Based on Peabody's Improbable History by Ted Key Starring Ty Burrell Max Charles Ariel Winter Stephen Colbert Leslie Mann Allison Janney Music by Danny Elfman Edited by Michael Andrews Production company DreamWorks Animation Pacific Data Images Bullwinkle Studios Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date February 7, 2014 (2014 - 02 - 07) (United Kingdom) March 7, 2014 (2014 - 03 - 07) (United States) Running time 92 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $145 million Box office $275.7 million" + ] + ], + [ + "The Face Is Familiar", + [ + "The Face Is Familiar is an American game show which aired in color on CBS as a summer replacement show from May 7 to September 3, 1966. The show was hosted by Jack Whitaker and featured celebrity guests including Bob Crane, Dick Van Patten, Mel Brooks and June Lockhart." + ] + ], + [ + "Andy Barclay", + [ + "Andy Barclay Child's Play character Andy in Child's Play 2 First appearance Child's Play Created by Don Mancini Portrayed by Alex Vincent (1 - 2, 6 - 7) Justin Whalin (3) Information Full name Andrew William Barclay Gender Male Family Karen Barclay (mother) Mr. Barclay (deceased father) Michael Norris (stepfather) Kyle (foster sister) Phil Simpson (deceased foster father) Joanne Simpson (deceased foster mother) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Eloise at Christmastime", + [ + "Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise Julie Andrews as Nanny Kenneth Welsh as Sir Wilkes Debra Monk as Maggie Gavin Creel as Bill Rick Roberts as Brooks Sara Topham as Rachel Peabody Corinne Conley as Mrs. Thornton Christine Baranski as Prunella Stickler Jeffrey Tambor as Mr. Salomone Araxi Arslanian as Head of Housekeeping Tannis Burnett as Miss Thompson Neil Crone as Agent Kringle Arlene Duncan as Lily Sean Gallagher as Rick Graham Harley as Walter Colm Magner as Thomas the Maitre'd Debra McGrath as Cornelia Gerry Quigley as Jerry Julian Richings as Patrice Cliff Saunders as Max Tony Sciara as Assistant Chef Marco David Sparrow as Charlie, the 59th Street Doorman Victor A. Young as Mr. Peabody" + ] + ], + [ + "The Nutty Professor (1996 film)", + [ + "Eddie Murphy as Professor Sherman Klump / Buddy Love Murphy also plays Papa Cletus Klump (Sherman's father), Mama Anna Klump (Sherman's mother), Granny Ida Jenson (Sherman's Grandma, Anna's Mama), Ernie Klump, Sr. (Sherman's brother) and Lance Perkins, a parody of Richard Simmons Jada Pinkett as Carla Purty James Coburn as Harlan Hartley Larry Miller as Dean Richmond Dave Chappelle as Reggie Warrington Chappelle reprised his role on Chris Rock's 1997 album Roll with the New. John Ales as Jason Jamal Mixon as Ernie Klump, Jr. Montell Jordan as himself" + ] + ], + [ + "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel", + [ + "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is an American period comedy - drama television series, created by Amy Sherman - Palladino and starring Rachel Brosnahan. Sherman - Palladino and her husband Daniel Palladino serve as executive producers. The series follows a housewife in 1958 New York City who discovers she has a knack for stand - up comedy. The series's pilot premiered as a part of Amazon Studios's spring pilot season on March 17, 2017, to critical acclaim, and was picked up by Amazon for a two - season order on April 10, 2017. The series was picked up for a third season on May 20, 2018, before the second season had aired." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__857_846_7713", + "question": "How long was the city where the Yongle Emperor greeted the leader that the edict was addressed to, the capital city of Yangzhou?", + "answer": "about 400 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Religion in ancient Rome", + [ + "In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military triggered a series of edicts against Christianity. The first (303 AD) \"ordered the destruction of church buildings and Christian texts, forbade services to be held, degraded officials who were Christians, re-enslaved imperial freedmen who were Christians, and reduced the legal rights of all Christians... [Physical] or capital punishments were not imposed on them\" but soon after, several Christians suspected of attempted arson in the palace were executed. The second edict threatened Christian priests with imprisonment and the third offered them freedom if they performed sacrifice. An edict of 304 enjoined universal sacrifice to traditional gods, in terms that recall the Decian edict." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), who overthrew the Yuan dynasty, renamed the city Yingtian, rebuilt it, and made it the dynastic capital in 1368. He constructed a 48 km (30 mi) long city wall around Yingtian, as well as a new Ming Palace complex, and government halls. It took 200,000 laborers 21 years to finish the project. The present-day City Wall of Nanjing was mainly built during that time and today it remains in good condition and has been well preserved. It is among the longest surviving city walls in China. The Jianwen Emperor ruled from 1398 to 1402." + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in ancient Rome", + [ + "In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to \"ancestral gods\" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a politically and socially fractured Empire and its multitude of cults; no ancestral gods were specified by name. The fulfillment of sacrificial obligation by loyal subjects would define them and their gods as Roman. Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment. A year after its due deadline, the edict expired." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the Ming dynasty", + [ + "After lying dormant and dilapidated for decades, the Grand Canal was restored under the Yongle Emperor's rule from 1411 -- 1415. The impetus for restoring the canal was to solve the perennial problem of shipping grain north to Beijing. Shipping the annual 4,000,000 shi (one shi is equal to 107 liters) was made difficult with an inefficient system of shipping grain through the East China Sea or by several different inland canals that necessitated the transferring of grain onto several different barge types in the process, including shallow and deep - water barges. William Atwell quotes Ming dynasty sources that state the amount of collected tax grain was actually 30 million shi (93 million bushels), much larger than what Brook notes. The Yongle Emperor commissioned some 165,000 workers to dredge the canal bed in western Shandong and built a series of fifteen canal locks. The reopening of the Grand Canal had implications for Nanjing as well, as it was surpassed by the well - positioned city of Suzhou as the paramount commercial center of China. Despite greater efficiency, there were still factors which the government could not control that limited the transportation of taxed grain; for example, in 1420 a widespread crop failure and poor harvest dramatically reduced the tax grain delivered to the central government." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu. On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:" + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:" + ] + ], + [ + "Qing dynasty", + [ + "On 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and economic systems combined with a widespread criticism of Chinese culture led to questioning and doubt about the future. In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932, with Puyi, as the emperor. After the invasion by the Soviet Union, Manchukuo collapsed in 1945." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was \"well-disposed towards Buddhism\", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads," + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang \"was under control,\" and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title \"Initiation State Master\" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira." + ] + ], + [ + "Heresy", + [ + "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:" + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents. On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way. They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and destroyed the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor's seal. During his stay in Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title \"Great Treasure Prince of Dharma\" by the Yongle Emperor. Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor, in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of \"King\" and praising his mystical abilities and miracles, was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa as the Mongols had with the Sakya lamas, but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor's offer. In fact, this was the same title that Kublai Khan had offered the Sakya Phagpa lama, but Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__105767_443779_52195", + "question": "Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the commission of truth and friendship with the country that eats Kemplang?", + "answer": "Francisco Guterres", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Kemplang", + 0 + ], + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + 0 + ], + [ + "East Timor", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Kemplang", + [ + "Kemplang is a traditional savory fish cracker (\"krupuk ikan\") snack commonly found in southern parts of Sumatra, Indonesia. Kemplang crackers are commonly made of \"ikan tenggiri\" (wahoo) or any type of Spanish mackerel, mixed with tapioca starch and other flavorings, sun-dried and then grilled or fried." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Leaders of the Vietnam War", + [ + "He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says ``All men are created equal... ''Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + [ + "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Kenya", + [ + "Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC)." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state. Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Central African Republic", + [ + "In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country's first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), leader Abel Goumba, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state." + ] + ], + [ + "Warsaw Pact", + [ + "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Johan Ferrier", + [ + "Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act 1961 of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence effective 1 January 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. Samoa also signed a friendship treaty with New Zealand. Samoa, the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent, joined the Commonwealth of Nations on 28 August 1970. While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners", + [ + "Year Recipient Nationality or Base Country Pandurang Shastri Athavale India 2001 Oung Chanthol Cambodia 2001 Dita Indah Sari Indonesia 2002 Sandeep Pandey India 2003 Aniceto Guterres Lopes Timor - Leste Benjamin Abadiano Philippines 2005 Hye - Ran Yoon South Korea 2006 Arvind Kejriwal India 2007 Chen Guangcheng China 2007 Chung To United States in Hong Kong 2008 Ananda Galappatti Sri Lanka 2009 Ka Hsaw Wa Burma 2011 Nileema Mishra India 2012 Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto Indonesia 2014 Randy Halasan Philippines 2015 Sanjiv Chaturvedi India 2016 Thodur Madabusi Krishna India" + ] + ], + [ + "The Trouble with the Truth (song)", + [ + "\"The Trouble with the Truth\" is a song written by Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in April 1997 as the fifth and final single and title track from her album \"The Trouble with the Truth\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Zeferino Martins", + [ + "Zeferino Martins, also known as Ze Martins (born September 5, 1985) is an East Timorese footballer who plays as midfielder for Ad. Dili Oeste and the Timor-Leste national team." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264", + [ + "United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)." + ] + ], + [ + "Estanislau da Silva", + [ + "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election." + ] + ], + [ + "East Timor", + [ + "Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__88342_75218_128008_46748", + "question": "The MLB MVP award is given out after a competition where a team has played the most games. What is the longest win streak in the history of league that team plays for?", + "answer": "26", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "New York Yankees", + 0 + ], + [ + "World Series", + 0 + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "New England Patriots", + [ + "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl nine times in franchise history, the most of any team, seven of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 14 AFC East titles in 16 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten - year period (126, in 2003 -- 2012), an undefeated 16 - game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21 - game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won eight straight division titles from 2009 to 2016). The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached (seven) and won (five) by a head coach -- quarterback tandem. The Patriots are tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five. The Steelers are in front with six." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + [ + "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in ." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series", + [ + "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5." + ] + ], + [ + "Army–Navy Game", + [ + "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball wild card", + [ + "In Major League Baseball (MLB), the wild - card teams are the two teams in each of the two leagues (American and National) that have qualified for the postseason despite failing to win their division. Both teams in each league possess the two best winning percentages in their respective league after the three division winners. The wild card was first instituted in MLB in 1994, with one wild - card team per league advancing to the Division Series in the postseason to face a division winner. In 2012, the system was modified to add a second wild - card team per league and pit each league's wild - card teams against each other in a play - in game -- the MLB wild - card game -- the winner of which would then advance to the Division Series and play the team with the best record. This system ensures that the team with the second - best record in each league, after the three division winners and the team with the first - best record in the league that is a non-division winner, will also get a postseason berth, even if it is n't a division champion." + ] + ], + [ + "Exhibition game", + [ + "It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters." + ] + ], + [ + "Longest NCAA Division I football winning streaks", + [ + "In American college football the longest NCAA Division I winning streak is held by the University of Oklahoma Sooners, who won 47 consecutive games between 1953 and 1957. The longest FCS winning streak is held by the North Dakota State Bison who won 33 consecutive games between 2012 and 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros" + ] + ], + [ + "Hart Memorial Trophy", + [ + "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team." + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Brady", + [ + "Brady has been honored with four Super Bowl MVP awards (Super Bowl XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, and LI), the most ever by a single player, has won two league MVP awards (2007 and 2010), has been selected to 12 Pro Bowls, and has led his team to more division titles (14) than any other quarterback in NFL history. As of the end of the 2016 season, Brady is fourth all - time in career passing yards, fourth in career touchdown passes, and third in career passer rating. His career postseason record is 25 -- 9, winning more playoff games than any other quarterback, and he has appeared in more playoff games than any player at any position. Brady has never had a losing season as a starting quarterback in the NFL. His combined regular - season and postseason wins are also the most of any quarterback in NFL history. Because of his accomplishments and accolades, many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest ``steal ''in the history of the NFL Draft." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games", + [ + "Eighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988 the AL has dominated, winning 24 of 31 with one tie. In 2018 the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "Ichiro Suzuki", + [ + "Ichiro Suzuki / ˈiːtʃɪroʊ suːˈzuːki / (鈴木一朗, Suzuki Ichirō, born October 22, 1973), often referred to mononymously as Ichiro (イチロー, Ichirō), is a Japanese professional baseball outfielder. With 27 seasons combined in top - level professional leagues, he spent the bulk of his career with two teams: nine seasons with the Orix Blue Wave of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) in Japan, where he began his career, and 12 with the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States. After playing for the Mariners, he played two and a half seasons in MLB with the New York Yankees before signing with the Miami Marlins. Ichiro played three seasons with the Marlins before returning to the Mariners in 2018. Ichiro established a number of batting records, including MLB's single - season record for hits with 262. He achieved 10 consecutive 200 - hit seasons, the longest streak by any player in history. Between his major league career in both Japan and the United States, Ichiro has the most hits by any player in top - tier professional leagues. He also has recorded the most hits of all Japanese born players in MLB history." + ] + ], + [ + "Exhibition game", + [ + "Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + [ + "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26 wins. The second - longest winning streak is 22 by the 2017 Cleveland Indians, which is still ongoing and the American League record. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "UConn Huskies women's basketball", + [ + "UConn owns the two longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer - beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008 -- 09 and 2009 -- 10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second -- three seasons later -- on December 19, 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association longest winning streaks", + [ + "This is a list of the longest winning streaks in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The list includes streaks that started at the end of one season and carried over into the following season. There are two lists, streaks that consist entirely of regular - season games and streaks made up of playoff games only. The Los Angeles Lakers hold the record for the longest winning streak in NBA history. They won 33 straight games in the 1971 -- 72 season, compiling a season - best 69 -- 13 record and went on to win the NBA Finals. In the 2016 -- 17 season, the Golden State Warriors posted a season - best 67 -- 15 regular - season record and began the 2017 playoffs with a 15 game win - streak, the most consecutive wins in NBA playoff history. They went on to win the NBA Championship with a 16 -- 1 (. 941 winning percentage) record, the best playoff record in NBA history." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman." + ] + ], + [ + "Miguel Cabrera", + [ + "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons." + ] + ], + [ + "Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by SPORT magazine. Bart Starr was the MVP of the first two Super Bowls. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, to the Super Bowl MVP. Ottis Anderson was the first to win the trophy. Most award winners have received cars from various sponsors. The most recent Super Bowl MVP, from Super Bowl LII held on February 4, 2018, is Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Nick Foles, who passed for 373 yards and three touchdowns and scored a fourth touchdown as a receiver, becoming the first player to both throw and catch a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__135029_712629", + "question": "Who is the spouse of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex's mother?", + "answer": "Philip Mountbatten", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex", + 0 + ], + [ + "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sophie, Countess of Wessex", + [ + "While working at Capital Radio, Sophie met Prince Edward, the youngest son of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, for the first time in 1987 when he was dating her friend. She met Prince Edward again at a charity event in 1993, and the two began their relationship soon afterwards. Their engagement was announced on 6 January 1999. Edward proposed to Sophie with an engagement ring featuring a two-carat oval diamond flanked by two heart-shaped gemstones set in 18-carat white gold. The ring was made by Asprey and Garrard (now Garrard & Co) and is worth an estimated £105,000. Sophie, who was reportedly close to the Queen from the beginning of her relationship with Edward, was allowed to use the royal apartments at Buckingham Palace prior to her engagement. The wedding took place on 19 June of the same year at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, a break from the weddings of Edward's older siblings, which were large, formal events at Westminster Abbey or St Paul's Cathedral. On the day of their marriage, Prince Edward was created a hereditary peer as Earl of Wessex with the subsidiary title of Viscount Severn (derived from the Welsh roots of the Countess's family). It is understood that he will be elevated as Duke of Edinburgh when that title reverts to the Crown. The couple spent their honeymoon at Balmoral Castle. Following their union, the Earl and Countess moved to Bagshot Park, their home in Surrey. While their private residence is Bagshot Park, their office and official London residence is based at Buckingham Palace. Due to renovations at Buckingham Palace in 2018, the couple temporarily moved their offices to St James's Palace." + ] + ], + [ + "Normans", + [ + "When finally Edward the Confessor returned from his father's refuge in 1041, at the invitation of his half-brother Harthacnut, he brought with him a Norman-educated mind. He also brought many Norman counsellors and fighters, some of whom established an English cavalry force. This concept never really took root, but it is a typical example of the attitudes of Edward. He appointed Robert of Jumièges archbishop of Canterbury and made Ralph the Timid earl of Hereford. He invited his brother-in-law Eustace II, Count of Boulogne to his court in 1051, an event which resulted in the greatest of early conflicts between Saxon and Norman and ultimately resulted in the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex." + ] + ], + [ + "James A. MacNeill", + [ + "James A. MacNeill (July 22, 1854 – January 28, 1927) was a blacksmith, merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 5th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1908 to 1922 and from 1923 to 1926 as a Conservative member." + ] + ], + [ + "Benjamin Davies (politician)", + [ + "Benjamin Davies (1813 – September 1904) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 3rd Queens from 1850 to 1854 and 4th Queens from 1867 to 1876 in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island as a Liberal member." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth II", + [ + "Name Birth Marriage Their children Their grandchildren Date Spouse Charles, Prince of Wales 14 November 1948 29 July 1981 Divorced 28 August 1996 Lady Diana Spencer Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Prince Henry of Wales None 9 April 2005 Camilla Parker Bowles None Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950 14 November 1973 Divorced 28 April 1992 Mark Phillips Peter Phillips Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips Zara Tindall Mia Tindall 12 December 1992 Timothy Laurence None Prince Andrew, Duke of York 19 February 1960 23 July 1986 Divorced 30 May 1996 Sarah Ferguson Princess Beatrice of York None Princess Eugenie of York None Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 10 March 1964 19 June 1999 Sophie Rhys - Jones Lady Louise Windsor None James, Viscount Severn None" + ] + ], + [ + "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent", + [ + "Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August 130119 March 1330) was the sixth son of Edward I of England, and a younger half-brother of Edward II. Edward I had intended to make substantial grants of land to Edmund, but when the king died in 1307, Edward II failed to follow through on his father's intentions, much due to his favouritism towards Piers Gaveston. Edmund still remained loyal to his brother, and in 1321 he was created Earl of Kent. He played an important part in Edward's administration, acting both as diplomat and military commander, and in 1321–22 helped suppress a rebellion against the King." + ] + ], + [ + "Mercia", + [ + "When Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex." + ] + ], + [ + "Wilfred Arsenault", + [ + "Joseph Wilfred Arsenault (November 22, 1953 – July 27, 2011) was a political figure on Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented Evangeline-Miscouche in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 2000 to 2007 as a Progressive Conservative member." + ] + ], + [ + "Murdock Kennedy", + [ + "Murdock Kennedy (March 25, 1873 – 1950) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1906 to 1927 as a Conservative member." + ] + ], + [ + "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex", + [ + "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line of succession to the British throne; he is 11th. The Earl is a full-time working member of the British royal family and supports the Queen in her official duties – often alongside his wife, the Countess of Wessex – as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. In particular he has assumed many duties from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, who retired from public life in 2017. Prince Edward succeeded Prince Philip as president of the Commonwealth Games Federation (vice-patron since 2006) and opened the 1990 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. He has also taken over the Duke's role in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme." + ] + ], + [ + "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", + [ + "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train." + ] + ], + [ + "Eton College", + [ + "Besides Prince William and Prince Harry, members of the extended British Royal Family who have attended Eton include Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and his son Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster; Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, his eldest son George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews and grandson Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick and his youngest son Lord Nicholas Windsor; Prince Michael of Kent and his son Lord Frederick Windsor; James Ogilvy, son of Princess Alexandra and the Right Honourable Angus Ogilvy, himself an Eton alumnus. Prince William of Gloucester (1942-1972) also attended Eton, as did George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, son of Princess Mary, Princess Royal." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Commonwealth Games", + [ + "XXI Commonwealth Games Logo of 2018 Commonwealth Games Host city Gold Coast, Queensland Country Australia Motto Share the Dream Nations participating 71 Commonwealth Teams Athletes participating 4,426 Events 275 in 19 sports Opening ceremony 4 April Closing ceremony 15 April Officially opened by Charles, Prince of Wales Officially closed by Edward, Earl of Wessex Athlete's Oath Karen Murphy Queen's Baton Final Runner Sally Pearson Main venue Carrara Stadium Website GC2018.com < XX XXII >" + ] + ], + [ + "Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich", + [ + "Edward Montagu, 3rd Earl of Sandwich (10 April 1670 – 20 October 1729) was born in Burlington House, London, England to Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Sandwich and Lady Ann Boyle. He was styled Viscount Hinchingbrooke from 1672 until his accession to the earldom in 1688. On 8 July 1689 he married Elizabeth Wilmot, daughter of John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester and Elizabeth Malet. They had two children, Elizabeth, who died as an infant, and Edward Richard Montagu, Viscount Hinchingbrooke (7 July 1692 – 3 October 1722), who predeceased his father." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking \"like everybody's idea of a palace\", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales", + [ + "Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, 1st Earl of Salisbury (December 14739 April 1484), was the heir apparent of King Richard III of England and his wife, Anne Neville. He was Richard's only legitimate child and died aged ten." + ] + ], + [ + "George Simpson (Canadian politician)", + [ + "George Woodside Simpson (December 10, 1858 – October 21, 1906) was a farmer and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Queens in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1901 to 1906 as a Liberal." + ] + ], + [ + "Lady Louise Windsor", + [ + "Lady Louise Windsor (Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary Mountbatten-Windsor; born 8 November 2003) is the elder child and only daughter of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. She is the youngest granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is 13th in the line of succession to the British throne." + ] + ], + [ + "George Godkin", + [ + "George Albert Godkin (June 4, 1860 – April 1919) was a jeweller, watchmaker and political figure in Prince Edward Island, Canada. He represented 5th Prince in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1893 to 1897 and from 1900 to 1908 as a Liberal member." + ] + ], + [ + "Prince Edward Island", + [ + "Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; French: Île - du - Prince - Édouard) is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name, and several much smaller islands. Prince Edward Island is one of the three Maritime Provinces and is the smallest province in both land area and population. It is part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq, and became a British colony in the 1700s and was federated into Canada as a province in 1873. Its capital is Charlottetown. According to the 2016 census, the province of Prince Edward Island has 142,907 residents." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__342746_679190", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the screenwriter of The Actress?", + "answer": "Garson Kanin", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Adam's Rib", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Actress", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Adam's Rib", + [ + "Adam's Rib is a 1949 American romantic comedy film directed by George Cukor from a screenplay written by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin. It stars Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers who come to oppose each other in court. Judy Holliday co-stars as the third lead in her second credited movie role. The music was composed by Miklós Rózsa, except for the song \"Farewell, Amanda\", which was written by Cole Porter." + ] + ], + [ + "James Dearden", + [ + "James Dearden (born 14 September 1949) is an English film director and screenwriter, the son of Scottish actress Melissa Stribling and acclaimed English film maker Basil Dearden. He directed seven films between 1977 and 1999. His film \"Pascali's Island\" was entered into the 1988 Cannes Film Festival. Dearden is married to British actress Annabel Brooks." + ] + ], + [ + "Christel Khalil", + [ + "Christel Khalil Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (1987 - 11 - 30) November 30, 1987 (age 30) Los Angeles, California Occupation Actress Years active 1993 -- present Known for The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002 -- present) Spouse (s) Stephen Hensley (m. 2008 -- 2011) Children" + ] + ], + [ + "Beatrice Van", + [ + "Beatrice Van (August 8, 1890, Omaha, Nebraska – July 4, 1983, Long Beach, California) was an American silent film actress. She was also a screenwriter for both silent and sound films." + ] + ], + [ + "Angelica Page", + [ + "Angelica Sue Page (née Torn; February 17, 1964) is an American actress, director, producer and screenwriter. She is the only daughter of actors Rip Torn and Geraldine Page. Credited as Angelica Torn in her early career, she legally and professionally changed her name to Angelica Page in September 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "Nathalie Boutefeu", + [ + "Nathalie Boutefeu (born 1968) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She has appeared in 40 films since 1990. She starred in the film \"The Butterfly's Dream\", which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Jennifer Saunders", + [ + "Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedian, screenwriter, and actress. She has won three BAFTAs (including the BAFTA Fellowship), an International Emmy Award, a British Comedy Award, a Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival Award, two Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards, and a People's Choice Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Eva Ionesco", + [ + "Eva Ionesco (born 18 July 1965) is a French actress, film director and screenwriter. She is the daughter of Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco and came to international prominence as a child after being featured in her mother's works." + ] + ], + [ + "Marie-France Pisier", + [ + "Marie-France Pisier (10 May 194424 April 2011) was a French actress, screenwriter, and director. She appeared in numerous films of the French New Wave and twice earned the national César Award for Best Supporting Actress." + ] + ], + [ + "Lucy Dahl", + [ + "Lucy Neal Dahl (born 4 August 1965) is a British screenwriter and daughter of British author Roald Dahl and American actress Patricia Neal." + ] + ], + [ + "The Actress", + [ + "The Actress is a 1953 American comedy-drama film based on Ruth Gordon's autobiographical play \"Years Ago\". Gordon herself wrote the screenplay. The film was directed by George Cukor and stars Jean Simmons, Spencer Tracy, Teresa Wright, and Anthony Perkins in his film debut." + ] + ], + [ + "Valeria Bruni Tedeschi", + [ + "Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, also spelled Bruni-Tedeschi (; born 16 November 1964), is an Italian-French actress, screenwriter and film director. Her 2013 film, \"A Castle in Italy,\" was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Suso Cecchi d'Amico", + [ + "Suso Cecchi D'Amico (21 July 1914, Rome – 31 July 2010, Rome) was an Italian screenwriter and actress. She won the 1980 David di Donatello Award for lifetime career. She worked with virtually all of the most celebrated post-war Italian film directors, and wrote or co-wrote many award winning films—among them:" + ] + ], + [ + "Anthony Veiller", + [ + "Anthony Veiller (23 June 1903 – 27 June 1965) was an American screenwriter and film producer. The son of the screenwriter Bayard Veiller and the English actress Margaret Wycherly, Anthony Veiller wrote for 41 films between 1934 and 1964." + ] + ], + [ + "Djenar Maesa Ayu", + [ + "Djenar Maesa Ayu (born 14 January 1973 in Jakarta, Indonesia), also known as Nay, is an Indonesian novelist, short story writer, actress, screenwriter, and filmmaker. Her work has variously been described as \"provocative and lurid\", and unique and brave. Because of the boldness of the topics she writes about, Djenar is considered to a member of the informal movement labeled sastra wangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Fatma Begum", + [ + "Fatma Begum was an Indian actress, director, and screenwriter. She is often considered the first female film director of Indian cinema. Within four years, she went on to write, produce and direct many films. She launched her own production house, Fatma Films, and directed Bulbul-e-Paristan in 1926. She lived from 1892-1983 and was mother to three children." + ] + ], + [ + "List of show business families", + [ + "Actress / director / singer Phylicia Rashād is the older sister of performer Debbie Allen, who is married to former NBA basketball player, Norm Nixon. Phylicia Rashād is the former spouse of both Victor Willis, former lead singer of the group Village People, and former NFL football player turned sportscaster, Ahmad Rashād. Phylicia and Ahmad Rashād are the parents of actress Condola Rashād." + ] + ], + [ + "Upi Avianto", + [ + "Upi Avianto is an Indonesian screenwriter and film director who has worked on several of Indonesia's most popular films in the 2000s. She directed the 2004 film \"30 Hari Mencari Cinta\" (\"30 Days Looking for Love\") which founded the film career of actress Nirina Zubir." + ] + ], + [ + "Nina Companeez", + [ + "Nina Companeez (26 August 1937 – 9 April 2015) was a French screenwriter and film director. Nina Companeez was the younger daughter of Russian Jewish émigré screenwriter Jacques Companéez and younger sister of contralto Irène Companeez. She was the mother of actress Valentine Varela." + ] + ], + [ + "Melissa Reeves", + [ + "Melissa Reeves Reeves (left) with Ty Treadway in 2010 Melissa Brennan (1967 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1967 (age 50) Eatontown, New Jersey, U.S. Other names Melissa Brennan Missy Brennan Melissa B. Reeves Melissa Brennan Reeves Missy Reeves Occupation Actress Years active 1983 -- present Spouse (s) Scott Reeves (m. 1990) Children" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__194532_57594", + "question": "What gun does the director of Pollock use in Westworld?", + "answer": "LeMat revolver", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Pollock (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "LeMat Revolver", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Filet-O-Fish", + [ + "As of December 2014, the Filet - O - Fish contains a battered, fried fish fillet made from Alaska pollock. In the Republic of Ireland either hoki or Alaska pollock may be served. In New Zealand and the United Kingdom Filet - O - Fish contains hoki instead of Alaska pollock. McDonald's Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Czech Republic, The Netherlands and Hong Kong use a half slice of cheese in each Filet - O - Fish sandwich." + ] + ], + [ + "Cannone da 90/53", + [ + "The Cannone da 90/53 was an Italian-designed cannon used both in an anti-aircraft role and as an anti-tank gun during World War II. It was one of the most successful anti-aircraft guns to see service during the conflict." + ] + ], + [ + "Mississippi-class battleship", + [ + "The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The \"Mississippi\" class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs. This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the \"all-big-gun\" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity." + ] + ], + [ + "Anti-aircraft warfare", + [ + "However, the problem of deflection settings — 'aim-off' — required knowing the rate of change in the target's position. Both France and UK introduced tachymetric devices to track targets and produce vertical and horizontal deflection angles. The French Brocq system was electrical, the operator entered the target range and had displays at guns; it was used with their 75 mm. The British Wilson-Dalby gun director used a pair of trackers and mechanical tachymetry; the operator entered the fuse length, and deflection angles were read from the instruments." + ] + ], + [ + "Anti-aircraft warfare", + [ + "The allies' most advanced technologies were showcased by the anti-aircraft defence against the German V-1 cruise missiles (V stands for Vergeltungswaffe, \"retaliation weapon\"). The 419th and 601st Antiaircraft Gun Battalions of the US Army were first allocated to the Folkestone-Dover coast to defend London, and then moved to Belgium to become part of the \"Antwerp X\" project. With the liberation of Antwerp, the port city immediately became the highest priority target, and received the largest number of V-1 and V-2 missiles of any city. The smallest tactical unit of the operation was a gun battery consisting of four 90 mm guns firing shells equipped with a radio proximity fuse. Incoming targets were acquired and automatically tracked by SCR-584 radar, developed at the MIT Rad Lab. Output from the gun-laying radar was fed to the M-9 director, an electronic analog computer developed at Bell Laboratories to calculate the lead and elevation corrections for the guns. With the help of these three technologies, close to 90% of the V-1 missiles, on track to the defence zone around the port, were destroyed." + ] + ], + [ + "BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun", + [ + "The BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun was a breech-loading naval gun used by the Royal Navy during World War I. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the Second-World-War Japanese 40 cm/45 Type 94 had a larger calibre, , but the British shell was heavier. The gun was a scaled-up version of the BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun and was developed to equip the \"large light cruiser\" (a form of battlecruiser) . Three guns were built, but they did not see combat with \"Furious\", before they were removed from her and transferred to the s and for coast bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for cordite tests. Two were scrapped in 1933 and the last one survived until it was scrapped in 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "David Lee (still photographer)", + [ + "He is the younger brother of film director Spike Lee, and has done the still photography for all of his older brother's feature films with the exception of \"Get on the Bus\" and \"He Got Game\". Other films he has done still photography for include \"The Preacher's Wife\", \"The Best Man\", \"Pollock\", \"Made\", \"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind\", \"American Gangster\" and the television series \"The Wire\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Pre-dreadnought battleship", + [ + "Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class." + ] + ], + [ + "Paint It Black", + [ + "The song plays during the end credits of the films Full Metal Jacket and The Devil's Advocate. In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series Tour of Duty and for the end credits to part five of The Vietnam War documentary series. It was featured in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III and The Mummy trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their ``Black Out ''promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been used in multiple episodes of the TV series Westworld. R&B singer Ciara would later cover the song for the soundtrack of the 2015 film The Last Witch Hunter." + ] + ], + [ + "Westworld (TV series)", + [ + "Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers, along with J.J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk. The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, 2016; it comprised ten episodes. In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten - episode second season, which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, 2018. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014. Moreover, the series ranks as the most - watched first season of any HBO original series. On May 1, 2018, Westworld was renewed for a third season." + ] + ], + [ + "Heavy machine gun", + [ + "The modern definition refers to a class of large-caliber (generally .50 or 12.7mm) machine guns, pioneered by John Moses Browning with the M2 machine gun. These weapons are designed to provide increased range, penetration and destructive power against vehicles, buildings, aircraft and light fortifications beyond the standard rifle calibers used in medium or general-purpose machine gun, or the intermediate cartridges used in light machine guns. In this sense, the \"heavy\" aspect of the weapon refers to its superior power and range over light- and medium-caliber weapons, in addition to its weight. This class of machine gun came into widespread use during World War II, when the M2 was used widely in fortifications, on vehicles and in aircraft by American forces. A similar HMG capacity was later fielded by the Soviets in the form of Vasily Degtyaryov's DShK in 12.7×108mm. The ubiquitous German MG42 general-purpose machine gun, though well-suited against infantry, lacked the M2's anti-fortification and anti-vehicle capability, a fact that was noted and lamented by the Germans. The continued need for a longer-range machine gun with anti-materiel capability to bridge the gap between exclusively anti-infantry weapons and exclusively anti-materiel weapons has led to the widespread adoption and modernization of the class, and most nations' armed forces are equipped with some type of HMG." + ] + ], + [ + "Pollock (film)", + [ + "Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner, Pollock's wife. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his previous reading of Pollock's biography.Ed Harris’s father had noticed that he resembled Pollock." + ] + ], + [ + "Anti-aircraft warfare", + [ + "After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended." + ] + ], + [ + "3-inch gun M1903", + [ + "The 3-inch gun M1917 was a World War I-era US-made anti-aircraft gun based on the 3-inch gun M1903. It was designed for a fixed mounting and remained in service, primarily at Coast Artillery installations, through World War II. It was determined that the weapon was too heavy and had too much recoil for mobile mountings, so a new weapon based on the lighter and less powerful 3-inch gun M1898 was developed, designated the 3-inch Gun M1918. This was the standard US anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the 3-inch gun M3 in 1930. There is some controversy as to whether any seacoast guns were actually converted into anti-aircraft guns in the development of these weapons." + ] + ], + [ + "Gun laws in Pennsylvania", + [ + "Gun laws in Pennsylvania regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Filet-O-Fish", + [ + "As of December 2014, the US Filet - O - Fish contains a battered, fried fish fillet made from Alaska pollock. In the Republic of Ireland either hoki or Alaska pollock may be served. In New Zealand and the United Kingdom Filet - O - Fish contains hoki instead of Alaska pollock. McDonald's Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Czech Republic, The Netherlands and Hong Kong use a half slice of cheese in each Filet - O - Fish sandwich." + ] + ], + [ + "LeMat Revolver", + [ + "The LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War." + ] + ], + [ + "QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss", + [ + "The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts." + ] + ], + [ + "Canon de 75 mle GP II", + [ + "The Canon de 75 mle GP II was a field gun used by Belgium during World War II. Cockerill mounted lengthened Canon de 75 mle TR barrels on ex-German 7.7 cm FK 16 gun carriages received as reparations after World War I. After 1940, the Wehrmacht designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm FK 234(b) and used them to equip occupation units in Belgium." + ] + ], + [ + "Thompson submachine gun", + [ + "The Thompson submachine gun is an American submachine gun invented by John T. Thompson in 1918 which became infamous during the Prohibition era, being a signature weapon of various crime syndicates in the United States. It was a common sight in the media of the time, being used by both law enforcement officers and criminals. The Thompson submachine gun was also known informally as the \"Tommy Gun\", \"Tôm Sông\", \"Annihilator\", \"Chicago Typewriter\", \"Chicago Submachine\", \"Chicago Piano\", \"Chicago Style\", \"Chicago Organ Grinder\", \"Trench Broom\", \"Trench Sweeper\", \"Drum Gun\",\"The Chopper\", and simply \"The Thompson\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__17827_54024", + "question": "Which king sold part of the Crown Freehold and commissioned a bible translation?", + "answer": "King James I of England", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "King James Version", + 0 + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England." + ] + ], + [ + "To Kill a Mockingbird", + [ + "One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages. In the years since, it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages. The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback, and has become part of the standard literature curriculum. A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9–12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades. A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are \"most often cited as making a difference\".[note 1] It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel." + ] + ], + [ + "New International Version", + [ + "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into Greek", + [ + "The first known translation of the Bible into Greek is called the Septuagint (LXX; 3rd -- 1st centuries BC). The LXX was written in Koine Greek. It contains the Hebrew Bible translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. It also includes several other documents which are considered to have differing levels of authority by various Christian churches. Some of these other documents are believed to have been written originally in Greek." + ] + ], + [ + "Johannes Schüssler", + [ + "The first edition of any of the works of Josephus consists of the fourth-century Latin translation of The Jewish War ascribed to Rufinus, and the sixth-century translation of the Jewish Antiquities made at the behest of Cassiodorus. Printed only 14 years after Gutenberg's Bible, it is the first dated book of the printer J. Schüssler in Augsburg." + ] + ], + [ + "Christoph Froschauer", + [ + "Christoph Froschauer (ca. 1490 – 1 April 1564) was the first printer in Zurich, notably for printing the Froschauer Bible, the Zwinglian Bible translation. His workshop is the nucleus of the Orell Füssli publishing house." + ] + ], + [ + "Lot 66, Prince Edward Island", + [ + "Lot 66 is a township in Kings County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is part of St. George's Parish. Lot 66 was not distributed in the 1767 land lottery, but was reserved as demesne lands of the Crown." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into English", + [ + "Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611." + ] + ], + [ + "The Message (Bible)", + [ + "The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language was created and translated by Eugene H. Peterson and published in segments from 1993 to 2002. It is an idiomatic translation of the original languages of the Bible. The Message was translated by Peterson from the original languages. It is a highly idiomatic translation, using contemporary slang from the US rather than a more neutral International English, and it falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum." + ] + ], + [ + "Translation", + [ + "One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the \"Septuagint\", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt. Each translator worked in solitary confinement in his own cell, and according to legend all seventy versions proved identical. The Septuagint became the source text for later translations into many languages, including Latin, Coptic, Armenian and Georgian." + ] + ], + [ + "James Kleist", + [ + "Kleist joined with Joseph Lilly, C.M., to produce a more modern English translation of the Bible than the Douai Bible then in common usage among Catholics. Under their editorship the work was laid to produce to the \"Kleist-Lilly\" translation, published posthumously in 1954, although work was completed by Christmas 1948. It never gained widespread acceptance, though, and was later totally supplanted by the translations produced by the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, which culminated in the publication of the New American Bible in 1970." + ] + ], + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to \"new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's\"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies." + ] + ], + [ + "Westminster Abbey", + [ + "Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into English", + [ + "Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English. More than 450 translations into English have been written." + ] + ], + [ + "The Message (Bible)", + [ + "The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language was created by Eugene H. Peterson and published in segments from 1993 to 2002. It is an idiomatic translation of the original languages of the Bible. The Message was translated by Peterson from the original languages. It is a highly idiomatic translation, using contemporary slang from the US rather than a more neutral International English, and it falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum." + ] + ], + [ + "Let there be light", + [ + "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר ‎ (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux." + ] + ], + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "It was first printed by Robert Barker, the King's Printer, and was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first had been the Great Bible, commissioned in the reign of King Henry VIII (1535), and the second had been the Bishops' Bible, commissioned in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1568). In January 1604, King James I convened the Hampton Court Conference, where a new English version was conceived in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans, a faction of the Church of England. The translation is noted for its ``majesty of style '', and has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English - speaking world." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Harrison (translator)", + [ + "Thomas Harrison (1555, London – 1631) was an English Puritan scholar, a Vice-Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and one of the translators for the King James Version of the Bible." + ] + ], + [ + "Angel of the Lord", + [ + "The term malakh YHWH occurs 65 times in the text of the Hebrew Bible. In English translation it is usually accompanied with the definite article, King James Version ``the angel of the LORD ''; less frequently it is accompanied by the indefinite article, King James Version,`` an angel of the LORD''." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__132929_120537", + "question": "When was the company that makes Skyflash abolished?", + "answer": "30 November 1999", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "British Aerospace", + 0 + ], + [ + "Skyflash", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad", + [ + "The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished." + ] + ], + [ + "Pyrgiotissa", + [ + "Pyrgiotissa was a province of Heraklion Prefecture, Crete, Greece. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipal unit Tympaki. It was abolished in 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "Beer", + [ + "The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby." + ] + ], + [ + "Hirox", + [ + "Hirox (ハイロックス) is a lens company in Tokyo, Japan that created the first digital microscope in 1985. This company is now known as Hirox Co Ltd. Hirox's main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes the lenses for a variety of items including rangefinders." + ] + ], + [ + "Tianjin Port (Group) Company", + [ + "Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG) is the main operator of the Port of Tianjin. It was established in 2004 by the incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority, part of the process in China of making port authorities into autonomous corporations. It has been a top 500 company in China since 2004." + ] + ], + [ + "Damaraland", + [ + "Damaraland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation." + ] + ], + [ + "British Aerospace", + [ + "The GEC merger to create a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of further penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. The company, initially called \"New British Aerospace\", was officially formed on 30 November 1999 and known as BAE Systems." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings." + ] + ], + [ + "Slavery Abolition Act 1833", + [ + "The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV c. 73) was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire (with the exceptions ``of the Territories in the Possession of the East India Company '', Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, and Saint Helena; the exceptions were eliminated in 1843). The Act was repealed in 1998 as part of a wider rationalisation of English statute law, but later anti-slavery legislation remains in force." + ] + ], + [ + "Kavangoland", + [ + "Kavangoland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of India", + [ + "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950" + ] + ], + [ + "East India Company", + [ + "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control." + ] + ], + [ + "List of governors-general of India", + [ + "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "Skyflash", + [ + "The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in New Zealand", + [ + "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed." + ] + ], + [ + "Lordship of Frisia", + [ + "When the Batavian Republic was created in 1795, the Lordship of Frisia was abolished as a relic of the Ancien Régime." + ] + ], + [ + "Vestergaard Frandsen", + [ + "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net." + ] + ], + [ + "Currensee", + [ + "Currensee (or currensee.com) was a financial services company based in Boston to serve as a social network for foreign exchange (FX, Forex or currency) traders. The company provided mirror trading services to its clients that allowed them to make trading decisions based on other traders actions. The company was acquired by Oanda in 2013, who decided to close down the service a year later in October 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Hanged, drawn and quartered", + [ + "Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__701525_342810", + "question": "What county shares a border with Cedar Springs?", + "answer": "Bell County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Cedar Springs, Texas", + 0 + ], + [ + "Troy Independent School District", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Wewela, South Dakota", + [ + "Wewela (Lakota: \"wiwíla\"; \"A spring\") is an unincorporated community in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. Wewela is located on U.S. Route 183 near the Nebraska border south of Colome." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Notogawa, Shiga", + [ + "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedar Springs, Texas", + [ + "Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027." + ] + ], + [ + "Troy Independent School District", + [ + "Located in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedar Creek (Dix River tributary)", + [ + "Cedar Creek, located in Lincoln County in south-central Kentucky, USA, is an tributary to the Dix River. Via the Dix, Kentucky and Ohio rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. In 2002, a section of Cedar Creek was impounded to form Cedar Creek Lake." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Swan Miara", + [ + "Swan Miara is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Włodawa", + [ + "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Thirukkanur", + [ + "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Bosworth", + [ + "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway." + ] + ], + [ + "Clear Springs, Texas", + [ + "Clear Springs is a historic settlement in Guadalupe County, Texas, United States. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. It shares its name with the nearby Clear Springs Air Force Base." + ] + ], + [ + "Berhale (woreda)", + [ + "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of the United States", + [ + "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Adaba (woreda)", + [ + "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__131002_53706_795904_580996", + "question": "What city shares a border with the city where a person went to work during the gold rush in the state where the Shakespeare Bridge is located?", + "answer": "Rio Linda", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "Shakespeare Bridge", + 0 + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + 0 + ], + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Otzoloapan", + [ + "Otzoloapan Municipality is a municipality located at the southeast of the State of Mexico. The name is from the Náhuatl 'Oceloapan' which means \"river of lynxes\". It is located in the southwest part of the state bordering the state of Michoacán." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Klondike Gold Rush", + [ + "The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north - western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts." + ] + ], + [ + "Gold Creek, Idaho", + [ + "Gold Creek is an unincorporated community in Shoshone County, Idaho, United States. Gold Creek is located on the St. Joe River southeast of Wallace." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + [ + "The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior." + ] + ], + [ + "Shakespeare Bridge", + [ + "The Shakespeare Bridge in the Franklin Hills section of Los Angeles, California, was built in 1926. It is made of concrete and decorated in a Gothic style. It was named after famous playwright William Shakespeare and later designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #126 in 1974." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Bosworth", + [ + "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway." + ] + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + [ + "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Willimansett Bridge", + [ + "The Willimansett Bridge is a steel truss bridge over the Connecticut River located between Chicopee, Massachusetts and Holyoke, Massachusetts. It carries Massachusetts state routes 116 and 141." + ] + ], + [ + "Elm Street Stone Arch Bridge", + [ + "The Elm Street Stone Arch Bridge is located along that street in Pine Hill, New York, United States. It is a short bridge built over Alton Creek in the early 20th century using stonemasonry techniques and an arch bridge design that had been employed in the Catskills since the 18th century, one. As one of the few extant and intact bridges in that style in the region, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 along with the nearby Mill Street Stone Arch Bridge. It is located in the Pine Hill Historic District." + ] + ], + [ + "Antelope Wells, New Mexico", + [ + "Antelope Wells is a small unincorporated community in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located along the Mexico – United States border, in the New Mexico Bootheel region, located across the border from the small settlement of El Berrendo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Despite its name, there are neither antelope nor wells in the area. The name comes from an old ranch, located north of the current community. The only inhabitants of the community are United States Customs and Border Protection employees." + ] + ], + [ + "Aurora Bridge", + [ + "The Aurora Bridge (officially called the George Washington Memorial Bridge) is a cantilever and truss bridge that carries State Route 99 (Aurora Avenue North) over the west end of Seattle's Lake Union and connects Queen Anne and Fremont. The bridge is located just east of the Fremont Cut, which itself is spanned by the Fremont Bridge." + ] + ], + [ + "County Line Bowstring", + [ + "The County Line Bowstring is a bridge located near unincorporated Hollis, Kansas, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It spans West Creek on the border between Cloud and Republic counties and has a wooden deck with a bowstring pony truss." + ] + ], + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + [ + "Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District." + ] + ], + [ + "Notogawa, Shiga", + [ + "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Hills Gold Rush", + [ + "The Black Hills Gold Rush took place in Dakota Territory in the United States. It began in 1874 following the Custer Expedition and reached a peak in 1876-77." + ] + ], + [ + "Millwood, South Africa", + [ + "Millwood in South Africa was the site of a short-lived gold rush in the 1880s. Millwood Mining Village was located in the foothills of the Outeniqua Mountains near Knysna and had a population of a few hundred at the height of its small-scale mining activity which lasted only five years, largely due to the difficulty of following the vein in much-folded formations." + ] + ], + [ + "Tonto Natural Bridge", + [ + "Tonto Natural Bridge is a natural arch in Arizona, United States, that is believed to be the largest natural travertine bridge in the world. The area surrounding the bridge has been made into a state park called Tonto Natural Bridge State Park, which is located off State Route 87, just north of Payson. Tonto Natural Bridge stands over a tunnel that measures at its widest point and reaches a height of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, Wyoming", + [ + "Atlantic City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. The community is a small mining settlement in a gulch near South Pass in southwestern Wyoming. It was founded as a mining camp following the 1867 gold rush in the region. The town declined following the end of the placer gold rush in the early 1870s, but continued to exist as advances in mining technology allowed further extraction of gold. From the 1960s until 1983, it was the location of US Steel iron ore mine. The town is accessible by gravel roads from nearby Wyoming Highway 28." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__241085_42197_18397", + "question": "Where did the arguer that Yekaterina Fesenko's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yekaterina Fesenko", + 0 + ], + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sophia (robot)", + [ + "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''.." + ] + ], + [ + "Cuban War of Independence", + [ + "The Cuban War of Independence (, 1895–98) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenians", + [ + "Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict. (See Recognition of the Armenian Genocide)" + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Yekaterina Fesenko", + [ + "Yekaterina Fesenko (, born August 8, 1958) is a Russian athlete who competed for the USSR. She was born in Krasnodar. After her marriage in 1992, she appeared in the charts under the name of Yekaterina Grun or Yekaterina Fesenko-Grun ()." + ] + ], + [ + "Glorious Revolution", + [ + "The Revolution permanently ended any chance of Catholicism becoming re-established in England. For British Catholics its effects were disastrous both socially and politically: Catholics were denied the right to vote and sit in the Westminster Parliament for over a century; they were also denied commissions in the army, and the monarch was forbidden to be Catholic or to marry a Catholic, this latter prohibition remaining in force until 2015. The Revolution led to limited tolerance for Nonconformist Protestants, although it would be some time before they had full political rights. It has been argued, mainly by Whig historians, that James's overthrow began modern English parliamentary democracy: the Bill of Rights 1689 has become one of the most important documents in the political history of Britain and never since has the monarch held absolute power." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed. The USAMGIK declared martial law." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "John, King of England", + [ + "John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Declaration of war by the United States", + [ + "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "Korea was ruled by Imperial Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces -- supported by the Soviet Union and China -- moved into the south on 25 June 1950. On 27 June, the United Nations Security Council authorized the formation and dispatch of UN forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion. Twenty - one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "War on Terror", + [ + "The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__31091_31122", + "question": "What century did the author of \"Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowldege\" live in?", + "answer": "18th", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Empiricism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Idealism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Karl Popper", + [ + "Knowledge, for Popper, was objective, both in the sense that it is objectively true (or truthlike), and also in the sense that knowledge has an ontological status (i.e., knowledge as object) independent of the knowing subject (Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach, 1972). He proposed three worlds: World One, being the physical world, or physical states; World Two, being the world of mind, or mental states, ideas, and perceptions; and World Three, being the body of human knowledge expressed in its manifold forms, or the products of the second world made manifest in the materials of the first world (i.e., books, papers, paintings, symphonies, and all the products of the human mind). World Three, he argued, was the product of individual human beings in exactly the same sense that an animal path is the product of individual animals, and that, as such, has an existence and evolution independent of any individual knowing subjects. The influence of World Three, in his view, on the individual human mind (World Two) is at least as strong as the influence of World One. In other words, the knowledge held by a given individual mind owes at least as much to the total accumulated wealth of human knowledge, made manifest, as to the world of direct experience. As such, the growth of human knowledge could be said to be a function of the independent evolution of World Three. Many contemporary philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett, have not embraced Popper's Three World conjecture, due mostly, it seems, to its resemblance to mind-body dualism." + ] + ], + [ + "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge", + [ + "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (commonly called Treatise when referring to Berkeley's works) is a 1710 work, in English, by Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley. This book largely seeks to refute the claims made by Berkeley's contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and Berkeley agreed that we are having experiences, regardless of whether material objects exist, Berkeley sought to prove that the outside world (the world which causes the ideas one has within one's mind) is also composed \"solely\" of ideas. Berkeley did this by suggesting that \"Ideas can only resemble Ideas\" – the mental ideas that we possess can only resemble other ideas (not material objects) and thus the external world consists not of physical form, but rather of ideas. This world is (or, at least, was) given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley concludes is God." + ] + ], + [ + "The Children of the Company", + [ + "The Children of the Company is a science fiction novel by Kage Baker. It is another in the series concerned with the exploits of The Company, a 24th-century cabal which exploits history for profit with the aid of immortal cyborgs living in the past." + ] + ], + [ + "Alfred North Whitehead", + [ + "In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911). The former two books were aimed exclusively at professional mathematicians, while the latter book was intended for a larger audience, covering the history of mathematics and its philosophical foundations. Principia Mathematica in particular is regarded as one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Responsibility to protect", + [ + "The norm of the R2P was borne out of the international community's failure to respond to tragedies such as the Rwandan Genocide in 1994 and the Srebrenica massacre in 1995. Kofi Annan, who was Assistant Secretary - General at the UN Department for Peacekeeping Operations during the Rwandan genocide, realized the international community's failure to respond. In the wake of the Kosovo intervention, 1999, Annan insisted that traditional notions of sovereignty had been redefined: ``States are now widely understood to be instruments at the service of their peoples '', he said, while U.S. President Bill Clinton cited human rights concerns in 46% of the hundreds of remarks that he made justifying intervention in Kosovo. In 2000, and in his capacity as UN Secretary - General, Annan wrote the report`` We the Peoples'' on the role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, and in this report he posed the following question: ``if humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica -- to gross and systematic violations of human rights that offend every precept of our common humanity? ''" + ] + ], + [ + "The Pacific Century", + [ + "The Pacific Century was a 1992 PBS Emmy Award winning ten-part documentary series narrated by Peter Coyote about the rise of the Pacific Rim economies. Alex Gibney was the writer for the series, and Frank Gibney, his father, wrote the companion trade book, \"The Pacific Century: America and Asia in a Changing World\". The companion college textbook, \"Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia,\" was written and edited by E. Mark Borthwick. The series was a co-production of the Pacific Basin Institute and KCTS-TV in Seattle. Principle funding was provided by the Annenberg Foundation." + ] + ], + [ + "Nicholas J. Belkin", + [ + "Nicholas J. Belkin is a professor at the School of Communication and Information at Rutgers University. Among the main themes of his research are digital libraries; information-seeking behaviors; and interaction between humans and information retrieval systems. Belkin is best known for his work on human-centered Information Retrieval and the hypothesis of Anomalous State of Knowledge (ASK). Belkin realized that in many cases, users of search systems are unable to precisely formulate what they need. They miss some vital knowledge to formulate their queries. In such cases it is more suitable to attempt to describe a user's anomalous state of knowledge than to ask the user to specify her/his need as a request to the system." + ] + ], + [ + "Poverty in the Philippines", + [ + "The Human Development Index, as defined by the United Nations, is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. For the Philippines, the HDI increased by 16.5% between 1980 and 2013. The country ranked 117 out of 187 countries in 2013. The HDI in 2013 was 0.660, which implied that the Philippines was under the medium human development group (which needs an HDI of 0.614). The nation's HDI was higher than the average for countries in the medium human development group, but lower than the average of the countries in East Asia and Pacific (0.703)." + ] + ], + [ + "Pharmacy", + [ + "In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife." + ] + ], + [ + "Empiricism", + [ + "A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism." + ] + ], + [ + "Claude Perrault", + [ + "Claude Perrault (25 September 1613 – 9 October 1688) was a French architect, best known for his participation in the design of the east façade of the Louvre in Paris. He also achieved success as a physician and anatomist, and as an author, who wrote treatises on physics and natural history." + ] + ], + [ + "Eutocius of Ascalon", + [ + "Eutocius of Ascalon (; ; 480 – 540) was a Greek mathematician who wrote commentaries on several Archimedean treatises and on the Apollonian \"Conics\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Islamism", + [ + "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindu philosophy", + [ + "In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with epistemology, that is the reliable means to gain correct knowledge and to remove wrong notions. False knowledge is not merely ignorance to Naiyayikas, it includes delusion. Correct knowledge is discovering and overcoming one's delusions, and understanding true nature of soul, self and reality. The Nyāya Sūtras begin:" + ] + ], + [ + "Humanism", + [ + "Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history. The Cult of Reason (French: Culte de la Raison) was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters. In 1793 during the French Revolution, the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a \"Temple to Reason\" and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the 1850s, Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology, founded Positivism, a \"religion of humanity\". One of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered humanist organisations was the Humanistic Religious Association formed in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts. The Ethical Culture movement was founded in 1876. The movement's founder, Felix Adler, a former member of the Free Religious Association, conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions. Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern." + ] + ], + [ + "European Union law", + [ + "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice that constitute unwritten rules which are not expressly provided for in the treaties but which affect how European Union law is interpreted and applies. In formulating these principles, the courts have drawn on a variety of sources, including: public international law and legal doctrines and principles present in the legal systems of European Union member states and in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Accepted general principles of European Union Law include fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity." + ] + ], + [ + "Environmental movement in the United States", + [ + "The early Conservation movement, which began in the late 19th century, included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation and sustainable forestry. Today it includes sustainable yield of natural resources, preservation of wilderness areas and biodiversity. The modern Environmental movement, which began in the 1960s with concern about air and water pollution, became broader in scope to including all landscapes and human activities. See List of environmental issues. Environmental health movement dating at least to Progressive Era (1890s - 1920s) urban reforms including clean water supply, more efficient removal of raw sewage and reduction in crowded and unsanitary living conditions. Today Environmental health is more related to nutrition, preventive medicine, aging well and other concerns specific to the human body's well - being. Sustainability movement which started in the 1980s focused on Gaia theory, value of Earth and other interrelations between human sciences and human responsibilities. Its spinoff Deep Ecology was more spiritual but often claimed to be science. Environmental justice is a movement that began in the U.S. in the 1980s and seeks an end to environmental racism. Often, low - income and minority communities are located close to highways, garbage dumps, and factories, where they are exposed to greater pollution and environmental health risk than the rest of the population. The Environmental Justice movement seeks to link ``social ''and`` ecological'' environmental concerns, while at the same time keeping environmentalists conscious of the dynamics in their own movement, i.e. racism, sexism, homophobia, classicism, and other malaises of dominant culture." + ] + ], + [ + "Architecture", + [ + "According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English." + ] + ], + [ + "Idealism", + [ + "The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__754156_88460_30152_20999", + "question": "How were the people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the country between Thailand and A Lim's country?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Lim", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese." + ] + ], + [ + "Patani United Liberation Organisation", + [ + "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers." + ] + ], + [ + "A Lim", + [ + "A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications in Somalia", + [ + "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Growing out of the Somali people's rich storytelling tradition, the first few feature-length Somali films and cinematic festivals emerged in the early 1960s, immediately after independence. Following the creation of the Somali Film Agency (SFA) regulatory body in 1975, the local film scene began to expand rapidly. The Somali filmmaker Ali Said Hassan concurrently served as the SFA's representative in Rome. In the 1970s and early 1980s, popular musicals known as riwaayado were the main driving force behind the Somali movie industry. Epic and period films as well as international co-productions followed suit, facilitated by the proliferation of video technology and national television networks. Said Salah Ahmed during this period directed his first feature film, The Somali Darwish (The Somalia Dervishes), devoted to the Dervish State. In the 1990s and 2000s, a new wave of more entertainment-oriented movies emerged. Referred to as Somaliwood, this upstart, youth-based cinematic movement has energized the Somali film industry and in the process introduced innovative storylines, marketing strategies and production techniques. The young directors Abdisalam Aato of Olol Films and Abdi Malik Isak are at the forefront of this quiet revolution." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic. The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district - wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most - populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Kushla", + [ + "Kushla (Кушла) is a village in southern Bulgaria, Zlatograd municipality, Smolyan Province, located near the border with Greece. In the Ottoman times the town was called Ugurli in Turkish and Kotyli in Greek. In 1918 the village was part of the Satres (bulg. Sinikovo) community. Following Greek and Bulgarian independence, the former town and its 350 families was divided between the countries in the Neuilly treaty in 1922 until 1941 when the Axis powers opened the borders briefly up to 1944 when Greece retook Kotyli and the local Bulgarian Muslims were since schooled in Greek language. The other part of the village lies in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece as Kotyli (Kozludzha). The villages have a Pomak (Bulgarian Muslim) majority." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__305566_568433_51423", + "question": "What is the name of the castle in the city where the headquarters of the production company of A Cosmic Christmas is located?", + "answer": "Casa Loma", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Clive A. Smith", + 0 + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + 0 + ], + [ + "Casa Loma", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Československé hudební nástroje", + [ + "Československé hudební nástroje, oborový podník (Czechoslovak Musical Instruments, specialized business) was — during the era of communist Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1992 — a state owned music instrument manufacturing company headquartered in Hradec Králové. The company name was later amended — \"Československé hudební nástroje, státní podník\" — to reflect ownership by the government. In the 1970s, 50% of its musical instrument export products were supplied to the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta DMD", + [ + "Delta DMD (), a subsidiary company of Delta Holding, is an importer and wholesaler of food and beauty products with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. It is also operating in neighboring Montenegro. It was founded in 1997, and has around 340 employees." + ] + ], + [ + "Clive A. Smith", + [ + "Smith was born in London, England in 1944 and educated at the Ealing School of Art in London, England, graduating with a degree in Design and Kinetic Art. In 1964, he joined the Halas and Batchelor animation studio in West London where he worked on animated series such as \"The Beatles\" and \"The Lone Ranger\". He moved to Canada in 1967 and worked as a senior animator and designer on commercials and short films with Al Guest and Vladimir Goetzleman before meeting Hirsh and Loubert and later founding Nelvana." + ] + ], + [ + "BorsodChem", + [ + "Wanhua-BorsodChem – as the European member of the Wanhua Group – is a leading chemical raw material manufacturing company headquartered in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The company specialized for isocyanates (MDI, TDI), PVC and chlor-alkali (vinyl) businesses. The main production site is located in Kazincbarcika, Hungary but the production is also supported by other European production capacities located in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. Several branch offices are available in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and Poland." + ] + ], + [ + "Seattle", + [ + "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington." + ] + ], + [ + "Great Wolf Resorts", + [ + "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development." + ] + ], + [ + "Miller Brewing Company", + [ + "The Miller Brewing Company is an American beer brewing company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia; Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin; Fort Worth, Texas; Irwindale, California; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Trenton, Ohio. On July 1, 2008, SABMiller formed MillerCoors, a joint venture with rival Molson Coors to consolidate the production and distribution of its products in the United States, with each parent company's corporate operations and international operations to remain separate and independent of the joint venture." + ] + ], + [ + "Jamnagar district", + [ + "Jamnagar District is a district of India located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat. Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. It hosts the production facilities of several large Indian companies such as Reliance and Essar. Among its attractions are several palaces, a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary, known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary." + ] + ], + [ + "Aerotech Consumer Aerospace", + [ + "The company's headquarters are located in Cedar City, Utah and its products are sold mainly through US and international dealers. They specialize in APCP mid and high power rocket motors, as well as supplying rocket kits designed around their motors." + ] + ], + [ + "The Home Depot", + [ + "The Home Depot, Inc. or Home Depot is an American home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. The company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in unincorporated Cobb County, Georgia (with an Atlanta mailing address)." + ] + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + [ + "Turner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio." + ] + ], + [ + "German Castles Association", + [ + "The German Castles Association () or DBV is dedicated to the conservation of historic defensive and residential buildings as witnesses of history and culture and has its headquarters at Marksburg Castle above Braubach on the Rhine. It owns the organisation known as the European Castles Institute (\"Europäisches Burgeninstitut\") or (EBI) whose library and archives are housed in Philippsburg Palace in Braubach." + ] + ], + [ + "Verizon Communications", + [ + "As part of a rebranding of the Baby Bells in the mid-1990s, all of Bell Atlantic's operating companies assumed the holding company's name. In 1997, Bell Atlantic expanded into New York and the New England states by merging with fellow Baby Bell NYNEX. Although Bell Atlantic was the surviving company name, the merged company moved its headquarters from Philadelphia to NYNEX's old headquarters in New York City. In 2000, Bell Atlantic acquired GTE, which operated telecommunications companies across most of the rest of the country that was not already in Bell Atlantic's footprint. Bell Atlantic, the surviving entity, changed its name to \"Verizon\", a portmanteau of \"\" (Latin for \"truth\") and \"horizon\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Dark Castle Entertainment", + [ + "Dark Castle Entertainment is an American film production label and a division of Silver Pictures, a production house formerly affiliated with Warner Bros. It was formed in 1999 by Joel Silver, Robert Zemeckis, and Gilbert Adler. Susan Downey was the Vice President of Development until February 2009, a term running congruent to her tenure as a VP of Production at parent company Silver Pictures." + ] + ], + [ + "Vauxhall Motors", + [ + "Vauxhall Motors Limited Trading name Vauxhall Type Limited company Industry Automotive Predecessor Alex Wilson and Company (1857) Vauxhall Iron Works (1897) Founded 1857; 161 years ago (1857) Founder Alexander Wilson Headquarters Luton, Bedfordshire, England Number of locations Two manufacturing facilities in the United Kingdom Area served United Kingdom Key people Stephen Norman Chairman and managing director Products Automobiles Commercial vehicles Production output 118,182 (2016 passenger cars) Services Vehicle financing Revenue £3,837 million (2014) Operating income - £48.7 million (2014) Net income £9.2 million (2014) Owner General Motors (1925 -- 2017) Groupe PSA (2017 -- present) Number of employees 4,029 (2011) Parent Opel Automobile GmbH Divisions VXR, GSi Website vauxhall.co.uk Footnotes / references" + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Loma", + [ + "Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level." + ] + ], + [ + "Angelli Spumante & Aperitive", + [ + "Angelli Spumante & Aperitive is one of the most important producers of alcoholic beverages in Romania, holder of the Angelli brand, leader on the sparkling wine market with a 70% share. The company is based in Bucharest. It was established in 1994 as \"Astese Production SRL\" but changed its name to Angelli Spumante & Aperitive in 2009. The company owns a production facility located in Bucharest, that was built in 1999 with a capacity of 80,000 bottles per day." + ] + ], + [ + "Katzenstein Castle", + [ + "Katzenstein Castle is one of the oldest remaining Hohenstaufen castles in Germany. It is located in a borough that shares its name with the castle in the Dischingen municipality of the Heidenheim district of Baden-Württemberg. The castle is open to visitors and contains several dining rooms as well as hotel rooms." + ] + ], + [ + "Amblin Entertainment", + [ + "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name." + ] + ], + [ + "Alamnagar", + [ + "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__32441_522949", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the other president Jenkins Orphanage played for that wasn't Taft?", + "answer": "Edith Roosevelt", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Edith Derby Williams", + 0 + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Fletcher Jenkins", + [ + "Fletcher Jenkins (born November 4, 1959 in Tacoma, Washington) is a former professional American football defensive lineman for one season with the Baltimore Colts in the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Washington where he was a team captain." + ] + ], + [ + "Charles Jenkins Laboratories", + [ + "Charles Jenkins Laboratories was the enterprise headed by Charles Francis Jenkins that was granted the first commercial television license in the United States, station W3XK. The Laboratories also operated experimental station W2XCR." + ] + ], + [ + "Kevin Taft", + [ + "Kevin Taft (born September 9, 1955) is a best-selling author, consultant, speaker, and former provincial politician in Alberta, Canada. Prior to his election, he worked in various public policy roles (1973-2000) in the Government of Alberta, private and non-profit sectors, in the areas of health, energy, and economic policy. From 1986 to 1991 he was CEO of the ExTerra Foundation, which mounted one of history's largest paleontological expeditions in China's Gobi Desert, Alberta's badlands, and the Canadian Arctic. He is the author of five books and many research studies and articles on political and economic issues in Alberta. In the mid-late 1990s Dr. Taft wrote two books critical of the ruling Progressive Conservatives, causing the Premier of Alberta at the time (Ralph Klein) to insult him in the Alberta Legislature and solidifying Taft's desire to run for office to defend his perspective on public policy. He was an Alberta Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 2001 to 2012, and Leader of the Official Opposition from 2004 to 2008. Taft continues his career as an author, speaker, and consultant. He is father to two adult sons and currently resides in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada with his partner Jeanette Boman." + ] + ], + [ + "Former Presidents Act", + [ + "The Secretary of the Treasury pays a taxable pension to the president. Former presidents receive a pension equal to the pay that the head of an executive department (Executive Level I) would be paid, as of 2017 $207,800 per year. The pension begins immediately after a president's departure from office. A former president's spouse may also be paid a lifetime annual pension of $20,000 if they relinquish any other statutory pension." + ] + ], + [ + "1912 United States presidential election", + [ + "Roosevelt had served as president from 1901 to 1909, and Taft had won the 1908 Republican president nomination with Roosevelt's support. Displeased with Taft's actions as president, Roosevelt challenged Taft at the 1912 Republican National Convention. After Taft and his conservative allies narrowly prevailed at the Republican convention, Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third party bid. With the support of William Jennings Bryan and other progressives, Wilson won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination on the 46th ballot. Meanwhile, the Socialist Party renominated its perennial standard - bearer, Eugene V. Debs." + ] + ], + [ + "Edith Derby Williams", + [ + "Edith Roosevelt (Derby) Williams (June 17, 1917 – June 8, 2008) was a historian, conservationist, and granddaughter of the 26th President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt." + ] + ], + [ + "The Three Stooges (2012 film)", + [ + "In 1977, the children at the Sisters of Mercy Orphanage are playing soccer with an old soda can in the front yard. But then, Sister Mary - Mengele (Larry David), the meanest & strictest nun in the orphanage gets their attention by telling them to go inside & do their work. The kids sing ``Everybody is Special '', but she tells them to shut up & go to work. Later, Moe, Larry and Curly are dumped on the doorstep of the orphanage from an unknown person's car as babies. Ever since, the trio have wreaked havoc in the place, leaving the nuns who run it utterly terrified, especially Sister Mary - Mengele who has always hated the trio. Ten years later, in 1987, out of desperation, when a prospective couple comes to adopt, the exasperated nuns bring out the trio as being the only three available, eventually adding a fourth when another boy, Teddy, enters the picture. The couple, the Harters (Stephen Collins & Carly Craig), decides to pick Moe, but when he requests Larry & Curly to join him, he is dropped back off at the orphanage, & they choose Teddy instead." + ] + ], + [ + "Harriot Curtis", + [ + "Harriot Sumner Curtis (June 30, 1881 – October 25, 1974) was an American amateur golfer and an early participant in the sport of skiing. From the Manchester, Massachusetts area, she was one of ten children. Her father was a colonel in the Union Army cavalry during the American Civil War. Her brother, James Freeman Curtis became a lawyer in New York City and was the Assistant United States Secretary of the Treasury under President William Howard Taft." + ] + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + [ + "As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed." + ] + ], + [ + "Thornton A. Jenkins", + [ + "Thornton A. Jenkins (11 December 1811 – 9 August 1893) was an officer in the United States Navy, who served during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. He later served as Chief of the Bureau of Navigation and as President of the United States Naval Institute. Jenkins retired as a Rear Admiral." + ] + ], + [ + "Freeman A. Hrabowski III", + [ + "Freeman A. Hrabowski III Hrabowski at 2012 Time 100 Gala President of University of Maryland, Baltimore County Incumbent Assumed office Preceded by Michael Hooker Personal details Freeman Alphonsa Hrabowski III (1950 - 08 - 13) August 13, 1950 (age 67) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S. Spouse (s) Jacqueline Coleman Hrabowski Education Hampton Institute (B.A., '69) University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign (M.A.,' 71, Ph. D., '75) Profession Mathematician University president Website president.umbc.edu" + ] + ], + [ + "William Howard Taft High School (Chicago)", + [ + "Taft High School is a public 6–year high school and academic center located in the Norwood Park neighborhood on the northwest side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Taft serves communities on the far northwest side, specifically Norwood Park, Edison Park, Jefferson Park, Forest Glen and O'Hare. Taft is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district. The school is perhaps most famous as the high school attended by Jim Jacobs, the writer of \"Grease\". Jacobs used Taft as an inspiration in writing the musical. Taft's NJROTC unit has won a Distinguished Unit award every year since 2001. Since 2014, Taft High School has been considered a \"wall-to-wall\" IB school as part of the International Baccalaureate foundation. Taft high school has offered the International Baccalaureate program since 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "William H. Davidson (lieutenant governor)", + [ + "William H. Davidson was an American businessman and politician who was the acting Lieutenant Governor of Illinois from December 9, 1836 to December 7, 1838. Davidson, who had been serving as the senator from White County, Illinois, replaced Alexander M. Jenkins when Jenkins resigned the Lieutenant Governor's office to become president of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1838, Davidson lost a reelection bid to Stinson H. Anderson." + ] + ], + [ + "Asilo de San Vicente de Paul", + [ + "Asilo de San Vicente de Paul is an orphanage located on UN Avenue in Manila, Philippines. It is run by the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul." + ] + ], + [ + "John Taft (basketball)", + [ + "John Taft (born April 4, 1968) is a former professional American basketball player. Taft play his college basketball career at Marshall University where he was All-Southern Conference and twice was the Southern Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year. After his career at Marshall, Taft went overseas to play professional basketball in Iceland, Cyprus, Philippines, and Israel. In Israel, Taft played for Ironi Ashkelon." + ] + ], + [ + "Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)", + [ + "The music video, a 1980s club - themed movie - style music video, was released on YouTube on October 23, 2014. It stars professional dancer Lauren Taft alongside Petricca." + ] + ], + [ + "Taft Bridge", + [ + "The Taft Bridge, also known as the Connecticut Avenue Bridge or William Howard Taft Bridge, is a historic bridge located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. It carries Connecticut Avenue over the Rock Creek gorge, including Rock Creek and the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, connecting the neighborhoods of Woodley Park and Kalorama. It is situated to the southwest of the Duke Ellington Bridge." + ] + ], + [ + "The Cobbler's Apprentice", + [ + "The Cobbler's Apprentice is a painting by the American painter Frank Duveneck, painted in 1877. It hangs in the Taft Museum of Art of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The oil on canvas portrait measures and it is signed by the artist." + ] + ], + [ + "New Haven, Connecticut", + [ + "New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary home of former presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, and Bill Clinton, as well as Secretary of State John Kerry. President Clinton met his wife, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, while the two were students at Yale Law School. Former vice presidents John C. Calhoun and Dick Cheney also studied in New Haven (although the latter did not graduate from Yale). Before the 2008 election, the last time there was not a person with ties to New Haven and Yale on either major party's ticket was 1968. James Hillhouse, a New Haven native, served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate in 1801." + ] + ], + [ + "Moses Taft", + [ + "Moses Taft was the second child to Luke Taft and Nancy Wood Taft. Moses married Sylvia Ann Wheelock daughter of Jerry Wheelock and Sukey Day, on 27 April 1834 at Uxbridge. He latter married Emeline Newell Taft (Wing) who was the daughter of Timothy Taft and Polly Marsh, on 12 January 1858 at Uxbridge." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__75169_92673", + "question": "Where is the starting meridian for the longitude system on the world map?", + "answer": "latitude 90 ° North", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "North Pole", + 0 + ], + [ + "Prime meridian", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Airy-0", + [ + "Airy-0 is a crater on Mars whose location defined the position of the prime meridian of that planet. It is about across and lies within the larger crater Airy in the region Sinus Meridiani. The IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements has now recommended setting the longitude of the Viking 1 lander (47°.95137 west) as the standard. This definition maintains the position of the center of Airy-0 at 0° longitude, within the tolerance of current cartographic uncertainties." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Adair County, Oklahoma", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Adair County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Tensas Parish, Louisiana", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Tensas Parish, Louisiana, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "Choctaw meridian", + [ + "The Choctaw meridian is a meridian that governs the surveys in most of central Mississippi, USA. It begins on the Choctaw baseline, latitude 31° 54' 40\" north, longitude 90° 14' 45\" west from Greenwich and runs north to the south boundary of the Chickasaw cession, at latitude 34° 19' 40\" north." + ] + ], + [ + "Montes Alpes", + [ + "Montes Alpes is a mountain range in the northern part of the Moon's near side. It was named after the Alps in Europe; the name was confirmed by the International Astronomical Union in 1935. It lies between the selenographic coordinates latitudes 52.81°N and 42.04°N, and longitudes 5.6°W and 3.22°E. The range thus crosses the lunar prime meridian, and is partially illuminated and partially in shadow during first and last quarters. The center of the range is at 48.36°N, 0.58°W, and has a diameter of 334 km." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Carter County, Kentucky", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Carter County, Kentucky, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbia County, Pennsylvania", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Jasper County, South Carolina", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Jasper County, South Carolina, United States. The locations of National Register properties, for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "Prime meridian", + [ + "A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0 °. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360 ° - system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Butte County, Idaho", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Butte County, Idaho, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "North Pole", + [ + "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere." + ] + ], + [ + "Meridian (geography)", + [ + "A (geographical) meridian (or line of longitude) is the half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude. The position of a point along the meridian is given by its latitude indicating how many degrees north or south of the Equator the point is. Each meridian is perpendicular to all circles of latitude. Each is also the same length, being half of a great circle on the Earth's surface and therefore measuring 20,003.93 km (12,429.9 miles)." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Surry County, North Carolina", + [ + "This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Surry County, North Carolina, United States. Click the \"Map of all coordinates\" link to the right to view a Google map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lonoke County, Arkansas", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "Prime meridian", + [ + "On Earth, starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the IERS Reference Meridian (as of 2016) passes through:" + ] + ], + [ + "Murchison (crater)", + [ + "Murchison is a lunar impact crater on the north edge of the Sinus Medii. It was named in honour of the geologist Sir Roderick Murchison. It shares a section of rim with the crater Pallas. To the southeast on the mare is the circular crater Chladni, and to the northeast is Ukert. Farther to the east is the prominent Triesnecker. Murchison lies astride the lunar zenith line, i.e. the starting longitude of the selenographic coordinate system." + ] + ], + [ + "Greenwich Mean Time", + [ + "As the United Kingdom grew into an advanced maritime nation, British mariners kept at least one chronometer on GMT to calculate their longitude from the Greenwich meridian, which was by convention considered to have longitude zero degrees, internationally adopted in the International Meridian Conference of 1884. Synchronisation of the chronometer on GMT did not affect shipboard time, which was still solar time. But this practice, combined with mariners from other nations drawing from Nevil Maskelyne's method of lunar distances based on observations at Greenwich, led to GMT being used worldwide as a standard time independent of location. Most time zones were based upon GMT, as an offset of a number of hours (and possibly a half - hour) ``ahead of GMT ''or`` behind GMT''." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Jones County, South Dakota", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Jones County, South Dakota, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ], + [ + "National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Kansas", + [ + "This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Lincoln County, Kansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__389778_78303", + "question": "What was the cast member of Missing in Action's name in Walker, Texas Ranger?", + "answer": "Cordell Walker", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Missing in Action (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Walker, Texas Ranger", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Charlotte Rangers", + [ + "The Charlotte Rangers, based in Port Charlotte, Florida, were an American minor league baseball team that existed from 1987 through 2002. The team played at Charlotte County Stadium as a Class A Florida State League affiliate of the Texas Rangers, who at the time made their spring training base in Port Charlotte." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Summers (artist)", + [ + "Robert Temple Summers II, is an American artist, (born August 13, 1940) in Cleburne, Texas. Summers, who works as a painter and sculptor, has created prominent bronze works displayed in places such as the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Museum, the Dallas Pioneer Park the Loews Anatole Hotel, Fair Park, Los Angeles International Airport, and Plano Texas' Baccus Plaza ." + ] + ], + [ + "Jay Silverheels", + [ + "Jay Silverheels achieved his greatest fame as Tonto on The Lone Ranger. The fictional story line maintains that a small group of Texas Rangers were massacred, with only a ``lone ''survivor. The Lone Ranger and Tonto then ride throughout the West to assist those challenged by the lawless element. Their expenses and bullets are provided through a silver mine owned by The Lone Ranger, who also names his horse`` Silver''. Being irreplaceable in his role, Silverheels appeared in the film sequels: The Lone Ranger (1956) and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958)." + ] + ], + [ + "Miss USA 1989", + [ + "Miss USA 1989, the 38th Miss USA pageant, was televised live from the Mobile Civic Center Theatre in Mobile, Alabama on February 28, 1989. At the conclusion of the final competition, Gretchen Polhemus of Texas was crowned by outgoing titleholder Courtney Gibbs. She was the fifth consecutive Miss Texas USA to win the pageant." + ] + ], + [ + "Globe Life Field", + [ + "Globe Life Field is a baseball park under construction in Arlington, Texas. It will serve as the home of the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball. Globe Life and Accident Insurance Company, a subsidiary of McKinney, Texas - based Torchmark Corporation, owns the naming rights for the facility through 2048. The new ballpark is going to be constructed across the street just south of Globe Life Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Missing in Action (film)", + [ + "Missing in Action is a 1984 American action film directed by Joseph Zito and starring Chuck Norris. It is set in the context of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. Colonel Braddock, who escaped a Vietnamese prisoner of war camp 10 years earlier, returns to Vietnam to find American soldiers listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The film was followed by a prequel, \"\" (1985), and a sequel, \"\" (1988)." + ] + ], + [ + "Riding into the Sunset", + [ + "Riding into the Sunset is a bronze sculpture by Electra Waggoner Biggs, depicting Will Rogers on his horse, Soapsuds. There are four castings, located in Fort Worth, Texas, Claremore, Oklahoma, Lubbock, Texas, and Dallas, Texas." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lone Ranger (2013 film)", + [ + "The Lone Ranger is a 2013 American western action film directed by Gore Verbinski from a screenplay written by Justin Haythe, Ted Elliott, and Terry Rossio. Based on the radio series of the same name, the film stars Johnny Depp as Tonto, the narrator of the events, and Armie Hammer as John Reid, the Lone Ranger. It relates Tonto's memories of the duo's earliest efforts to subdue local villainy and bring justice to the American Old West. William Fichtner, Barry Pepper, Ruth Wilson, James Badge Dale, Tom Wilkinson, and Helena Bonham Carter also are featured in supporting roles. It is the first theatrical film featuring the Lone Ranger and Tonto characters in the more than 32 years following William A. Fraker's 1981 film, The Legend of the Lone Ranger." + ] + ], + [ + "Space Race", + [ + "The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed the Moon. The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data. Ranger 5 ran out of power and missed the Moon by 725 kilometers (391 nmi) on October 21, 1962. The first successful Ranger mission was the 806-pound (366 kg) Block III Ranger 7 which impacted on July 31, 1964." + ] + ], + [ + "Oscar Branch Colquitt", + [ + "Oscar Branch Colquitt (December 16, 1861 – March 8, 1940) was the 25th Governor of Texas from January 17, 1911 to January 19, 1915. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Gov. Colquitt defended the actions of the Texas Rangers who allegedly crossed into Mexico in pursuit of the body of Clemente Vergara in March 1914." + ] + ], + [ + "Wayne Dehart", + [ + "Wayne Dehart is an American actor of film and television who has been onscreen since the 1980s. He has appeared in such films as \"RoboCop 2\", \"A Perfect World\" and \"Looper\" and such television programs as \"Walker, Texas Ranger\", \"Prison Break\" and \"Breaking Bad\" (episode \"Blood Money\")." + ] + ], + [ + "Walker Peak", + [ + "Walker Peak is a sharp peak in Antarctica, 1,495 m, marking the southwest extremity of Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Paul T. Walker, a glaciologist at Ellsworth Station and a member of the first party to visit Dufek Massif in December 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "Lourene George", + [ + "Lourene Walker Barto (née Lourene Walker George; July 1, 1913 – July 23, 2004) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives." + ] + ], + [ + "Colt Walker", + [ + "The 1847 Colt Walker was the largest and most powerful black powder repeating handgun ever made. It was created in the mid-1840s in a collaboration between Texas Ranger Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker (1817 -- 47) and American firearms inventor Samuel Colt (1814 -- 62), building upon the earlier Colt Paterson design. Walker wanted a handgun that was extremely powerful at close range." + ] + ], + [ + "Tales of the Texas Rangers", + [ + "Tales of the Texas Rangers is a 20th century Western old-time radio and television police procedural drama which originally aired on NBC Radio from 1950 to 1952 and later on CBS Television from 1955 to 1958. Film star Joel McCrea voiced the radio version as the fictitious Texas Ranger Jace Pearson, who uses the latest scientific techniques to identify criminals. His faithful horse, Charcoal (or \"Charky\"), helps Pearson to track down the culprits. The radio shows, some of which are available on the Internet, are reenactments of actual Texas Ranger cases." + ] + ], + [ + "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins", + [ + "The live - action cast features Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby - Doo was created using computer - generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, Scooby - Doo, Where Are You! and The Scooby - Doo Show, providing the voice of Fred." + ] + ], + [ + "Walker, Texas Ranger", + [ + "Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger Main" + ] + ], + [ + "Scott Cooley", + [ + "Scott Cooley (1845 – June 1876) was an Old West Texas Ranger and later outlaw, best known for his association with gunman Johnny Ringo." + ] + ], + [ + "Sheree J. Wilson", + [ + "Sheree Julienne Wilson (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986 -- 1991) and as Alex Cahill - Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993 -- 2001)." + ] + ], + [ + "Power Rangers", + [ + "Power Rangers is an American entertainment and merchandising franchise built around a live action superhero television series. Produced first by Saban Entertainment, later by BVS Entertainment, and today by SCG Power Rangers, the television series takes much of its footage from the Japanese tokusatsu Super Sentai, produced by Toei Company. The first Power Rangers entry, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, debuted on August 28, 1993, and helped launch the Fox Kids programming block of the 1990s, during which it catapulted into popular culture along with a line of action figures and other toys by Bandai. As of 2001, the media franchise has generated over $6 billion in retail sales worldwide." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__107690_124896", + "question": "Who was the father of The Portrait of George Dyer Talking's creator?", + "answer": "Nicholas Bacon", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Francis Bacon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Portrait of George Dyer Talking", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "George W. Beadle Award", + [ + "The George W. Beadle Award is a prestigious scientific prize given by the Genetics Society of America to individuals who have made “outstanding contributions” to Genetics. The Award was established in 1999 and named in honor of George Wells Beadle, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958." + ] + ], + [ + "WIOD", + [ + "WIOD (610 AM) is a talk radio-formatted radio station in Miami, Florida, owned by iHeartMedia. Its studios are located at the iHeart Broadcasting Complex in Miramar and the transmitter site is in North Bay Village next to studios and offices of FOX Television affiliate WSVN. Most of WIOD's weekday schedule is made up of nationally syndicated talk programs, including Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity, Glenn Beck and George Noory. A weekday morning news-talk program is hosted by Jimmy Cefalo." + ] + ], + [ + "Marion Greenwood", + [ + "Marion Greenwood was born in Brooklyn in 1909. She exhibited artistic talent at a very young age and left high school at the age of fifteen to study with a scholarship at the Art Students League. There she studied with John Sloan and George Bridgman. She also studied lithography with Emil Ganso and mosaic with Alexander Archipenko. At eighteen, she made multiple visits to Yaddo in Saratoga Springs, New York. There, she painted portraits of intellectuals-in-residence and gained experience and knowledge through conversation. Still in her teens, Greenwood used the proceeds from a portrait of a wealthy financier to begin her travels through Europe. While she was there she studied at the Academie Colarossi in Paris." + ] + ], + [ + "Francis Bacon", + [ + "Francis Bacon was born on 22 January 1561 at York House near the Strand in London, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) by his second wife, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, the daughter of the noted humanist Anthony Cooke. His mother's sister was married to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, making Burghley Bacon's uncle." + ] + ], + [ + "Meiklejohn Glacier", + [ + "Meiklejohn Glacier () () is a glacier, long and wide, flowing southwest from the Dyer Plateau of Palmer Land, Antarctica, to George VI Sound, immediately south of Moore Point. In its lower reaches the south side of this glacier merges with Millett Glacier. It was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Rymill, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1954 for Ian F. Meiklejohn, a radio operator of the BGLE." + ] + ], + [ + "Willow Creek Formation", + [ + "The Willow Creek Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin of southwestern Alberta. It was first described by George Mercer Dawson in 1883 along the Willow Creek, a tributary of the Oldman River. Williams and Dyer defined the type section in 1930 at the mouth of Willow Creek, east of Fort Macleod." + ] + ], + [ + "George II of Great Britain", + [ + "George II Portrait by Thomas Hudson, 1744 King of Great Britain and Ireland Elector of Hanover (more...) Reign 11 / 22 June 1727 -- 25 October 1760 Coronation 11 / 22 October 1727 Predecessor George I Successor George III Prime Ministers See list (show) Robert Walpole Lord Wilmington Henry Pelham The Duke of Newcastle The Duke of Devonshire 30 October / 9 November 1683 Herrenhausen Palace, or Leine Palace, Hanover 25 October 1760 (1760 - 10 - 25) (aged 76) Kensington Palace, London Burial 11 November 1760 Westminster Abbey, London Spouse Caroline of Ansbach (m. 1705; d. 1737) Issue Detail Frederick, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess of Orange Princess Amelia Princess Caroline Prince George William William, Duke of Cumberland Mary, Landgravine of Hesse - Kassel Louisa, Queen of Denmark and Norway Full name George Augustus German: Georg August House Hanover Father George I of Great Britain Mother Sophia Dorothea of Celle Religion Protestant Signature" + ] + ], + [ + "Georgian era", + [ + "The Georgian era is a period in British history from 1714 to , named after the Hanoverian kings George I, George II, George III and George IV. The sub-period that is the Regency era is defined by the regency of George IV as Prince of Wales during the illness of his father George III. The definition of the Georgian era is often extended to include the relatively short reign of William IV, which ended with his death in 1837." + ] + ], + [ + "Barney Stinson", + [ + "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Laine Hills", + [ + "The Laine Hills () are a cluster of four mainly snow-covered hills that rise above the Dyer Plateau about northwest of the Welch Mountains, in Palmer Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey in 1974, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Daren Laine, a United States Antarctic Research Program biologist at Palmer Station in 1975." + ] + ], + [ + "Portrait of Philip IV in Armour", + [ + "The Portrait of Philip IV in Armour is a portrait of Philip IV of Spain by Velázquez now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. It is one of the artist's most realistic portraits of Philip IV and was one of the first he produced after being made painter to the king in 1623. Its style corresponds to the artist's beginnings in Seville and shows its subject in a sculptural style like a portrait bust, with abrupt colour contrasts." + ] + ], + [ + "Three Studies of the Male Back", + [ + "Three Studies of the Male Back is a 1970 oil-on-canvas triptych by the British painter Francis Bacon. Typical of Bacon's figurative but abstract and distorted style, it depicts male figures isolated within flat nondescript interior spaces. Each figure is a portrait of Bacon's lover George Dyer." + ] + ], + [ + "Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand", + [ + "The Portrait of Frédéric Chopin and George Sand was an 1838 unfinished oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Eugène Delacroix. Originally a double portrait, it was later cut in two and sold off as separate pieces. It showed composer Frédéric Chopin (1810–49) playing piano while writer George Sand (1804–76) sits to his right, listening and sewing (a favorite activity of hers). The sitters were lovers at the time, and both were close friends of the artist." + ] + ], + [ + "Fantastical Portraits", + [ + "The Fantastical Portraits or Fantasy Portraits (French: \"Portraits de fantaisie\") are a series of portraits by the French painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard, mostly dating to 1769. It is said they were executed in a single hour, from which they gained the Italian name \"fa' presto\" (made quickly)." + ] + ], + [ + "Look Who's Talking", + [ + "Look Who's Talking is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling, and stars John Travolta and Kirstie Alley. Bruce Willis plays the voice of Mollie's son, Mikey. The film features George Segal as Albert, the illegitimate father of Mikey." + ] + ], + [ + "Adriaan Bloemaert", + [ + "Bloemaert was the fourth son of Abraham Bloemaert, and younger brother of Hendrick, Frederik and Cornelis Bloemaert. He received his first instruction from his father. He was sent to Italy, where he studied until 1637. He then visited Vienna, where he became employed, but settled at Salzburg the same year. In 1640 he visited Freistadt. By 1651 he had returned to his hometown, where he stayed until his death. Bloemaert painted history and portraits with some success. Heineken attributes to this artist several plates of portraits, although they are without his name." + ] + ], + [ + "Portrait of Dürer's Father at 70", + [ + "Portrait of Dürer's Father at 70 (or The Painter's Father) is a 1497 oil on lime painting attributed to the German painter and printmaker Albrecht Dürer, now in the National Gallery, London. Along with the 1490 \"Albrecht Dürer the Elder with a Rosary\", it is the second of two portraits of the artist's Hungarian father Albrecht Dürer the Elder (1427–1502). The sitter's similarity to the earlier portrait, as well to a 1486 silverpoint drawing believed to be a self-portrait by his father, leave no doubt as to his identity. The London panel is thought to be one of a number of copies of a lost original. It is in poor condition, having suffered paint loss in the background and in areas of the cloak. It was cleaned in 1955, revealing especial quality in the description of the face, leading some to believe that it is a Dürer original. However this claim is not made by the National Gallery who display it as \"attributed to Albrecht Dürer\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Portrait of George Dyer Talking", + [ + "Portrait of George Dyer Talking is an oil painting by Francis Bacon executed in 1966. It is a portrait of his lover George Dyer made at the height of Bacon's creative power. It depicts Dyer sitting on a revolving office stool in a luridly coloured room. His body and face are contorted, and his legs are tightly crossed. His head appears to be framed within a window or door. Above him is a naked hanging lightbulb, a favourite motif of Bacon's. The work contains a number of spatial ambiguities, not least that Dyer's body seems to be positioned both in the fore- and background." + ] + ], + [ + "Dyer, West Virginia", + [ + "Dyer is an unincorporated community in Webster County, West Virginia, United States. Dyer is located on the Williams River and County Route 46 east-southeast of Cowen." + ] + ], + [ + "Lucky Miles", + [ + "Lucky Miles is a 2007 Australian drama feature film based on several true stories involving people entering Western Australia by boat in order to seek asylum (please note that seeking asylum is not and never has been illegal in Australia). Its director was Michael James Rowland and its producers were Jo Dyer and Lesley Dyer." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__757497_78606", + "question": "In Grown Ups, who plays the wife of the actor who produced The Chosen One?", + "answer": "Joyce Van Patten", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Grown Ups (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Chosen One (2010 film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bryant Reeves", + [ + "Bryant Reeves (born June 8, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. Reeves spent his entire career with the NBA's Vancouver Grizzlies, playing with the team from 1995 until 2001. He was nicknamed \"Big Country\" by his college teammate Byron Houston after Reeves was amazed following his first airplane flight across the United States, having grown up in the small community of Gans, Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Sonny & Cher", + [ + "Sonny & Cher was an American duo of entertainers made up of husband-and-wife Sonny Bono and Cher in the 1960s and 1970s. The couple started their career in the mid-1960s as R&B backing singers for record producer Phil Spector." + ] + ], + [ + "Nine Days that Changed the World", + [ + "Nine Days that Changed the World is a 2010 documentary film produced by Newt Gingrich and his wife Callista that centers on the role played by Pope John Paul II in the fall of Communism in Europe and the rise of labour union Solidarity." + ] + ], + [ + "Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl", + [ + "Pumuckl is a red-haired Kobold and descendant of the Klabautermänner. He is invisible to people around him except for the master carpenter Eder with whom Pumuckl lives. He's also known in some parts of the world, especially in Asia as Adib. Pumuckl is one of the most popular characters in children's entertainment in Germany and several generations have now grown up with the cheeky but funny little Kobold." + ] + ], + [ + "Margarita Muñoz", + [ + "Sofía Margarita Muñoz Parra (September 18, 1987, Pitalito, Colombia) is a Colombian model and actress who has participated in soap operas for television networks like Caracol TV, RCN, TV Azteca, Televisa and Telemundo. She is ranked as one of the most beautiful young actresses and international revelations. She has been chosen several times by the magazine TV y Novelas publishing group Televisa as one of the most beautiful famous of Colombian television. She is the wife of Argentine actor Michel Brown." + ] + ], + [ + "Sabrina the Teenage Witch (disambiguation)", + [ + "When the series finished its fourth season, several secondary characters left the show, including Martin Mull and Nate Richert. Richert, who played Sabrina's boyfriend Harvey since the first season, was cut in order to give the show a more ``grown - up look ''as Sabrina was about to attend college. The decision was later rescinded, and Richert appeared in three episodes of season five and then returned as a series regular in season six and seven." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or \"MOR\") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen (band)", + [ + "In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert." + ] + ], + [ + "Grown Ups (film)", + [ + "In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile." + ] + ], + [ + "Private Hell 36", + [ + "The picture was one of the last feature-length efforts by Filmakers, a company created by producer Collier Young and his star and then-wife Ida Lupino." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang", + [ + "Maggie Smith as Agatha Rose Doherty (née Brown), the owner of the shop at which Mrs. Green works. She is baby Aggie from the first film grown up." + ] + ], + [ + "Phase 10", + [ + "One player is chosen to be the dealer (alternately, the deal can rotate to the left after each hand). The dealer shuffles the deck and deals 10 cards, face down, one at a time, to each player. Players hold their 10 cards in hand so that the other players can not see them. The remaining deck is placed face - down in the center of the play area to become the draw pile. A wild card turned up goes to the next player. The dealer then turns the top card of the draw pile over and places it next to the draw pile, to become the discard pile. During the first hand, all players try to complete Phase 1. Play consists of;" + ] + ], + [ + "John \"Hannibal\" Smith", + [ + "Colonel John ``Hannibal ''Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action - adventure television series The A-Team. The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually ended up going to Peppard." + ] + ], + [ + "Meadowlark Lemon", + [ + "Lemon first applied to the Globetrotters in 1954 at age 22, finally being chosen to play in 1955. In 1980, he left to form one of his Globetrotters imitators, the Bucketeers. He played with that team until 1983, then moved on to play with the Shooting Stars from 1984 to 1987. In 1988, he moved on to ``Meadowlark Lemon's Harlem All Stars ''team. Despite being with his own touring team, Lemon returned to the Globetrotters, playing 50 games with them in 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Lee Sullivan", + [ + "Lee Terrence Sullivan (born 6 March 1971) is the drummer for the London-based alternative rock band Bôa. Lee is the son of Terence Sullivan, the drummer for the rock band Renaissance and his wife, Christine Sullivan. He plays drums, piano and percussion. At the age of seven, Lee first performed with father on stage at one of Renaissance's concerts at the Apollo. He later joined the band Chapter VI. The band produced a single track called \"The King of Comedy\" and an EP called \"Bucket Chemistry\"." + ] + ], + [ + "The Chosen One (2010 film)", + [ + "The Chosen One is a 2010 comedy-drama film directed by and starring Rob Schneider as a car salesman facing a midlife crisis with the aid of native Colombian shamans. It also stars Steve Buscemi as his gay Buddhist brother." + ] + ], + [ + "Hop Around", + [ + "Hop Around is the fourth studio album by Dee Dee Ramone, released in 2000. The album features, among others, producer Chris Spedding on keyboards and guitar, drummer Billy Rogers, who notably played with Johnny Thunders and the Ramones, and Ramone's wife Barbara on bass and vocals." + ] + ], + [ + "Bluebeard's Eighth Wife", + [ + "Bluebeard's Eighth Wife is a 1938 American romantic comedy film made by Paramount Pictures, directed and produced by Ernst Lubitsch, and starring Claudette Colbert and Gary Cooper. The film is based on the French play, \"La huitième femme de Barbe-Bleue\", by Alfred Savoir and the English translation of the play by Charlton Andrews. The screenplay was the first of many collaborations between Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder. A much-married business tycoon meets his match in his latest wife." + ] + ], + [ + "Space Race", + [ + "Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvia Fine", + [ + "Sylvia Fine (August 29, 1913October 28, 1991) was an American lyricist, composer, and producer, and the wife of the comedian Danny Kaye. She and her future husband grew up within blocks of each other in Brooklyn, but they did not meet until 1939." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__87184_90327_76291", + "question": "When did the majority party in the House of Representatives gain control of the body which approves members of the Cabinet?", + "answer": "January 2015", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2014 United States Senate elections", + 0 + ], + [ + "114th United States Congress", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cabinet of the United States", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Dean Sanpei", + [ + "Dean Sanpei is an American politician and a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives representing District 63 since his June 10, 2010 appointment to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Stephen Clark. He lives in Provo with his wife, Hinckley, and their two children: Joelle and Timothy." + ] + ], + [ + "David J. Robinson", + [ + "David J. Robinson is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He was appointed to his position when the previous representative, E.J. Thomas, resigned; in turn, when Robinson lost the Republican primary election to Jim Hughes, he resigned so that Hughes could be appointed to his seat and run as an incumbent." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary Ann Love", + [ + "Mary Ann Love (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. She served 4 full terms in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Maryland's District 32. Love was originally appointed to the seat in 1993, but has since been elected in her own right. She most recently served on the Economic Matters Committee. Love declined to run for reelection in 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Svatopluk II", + [ + "Svatopluk II or Svätopluk II (Latin: \"Zentobolchus\") was a member of the House of Mojmír and Prince in Moravia (maybe of Nitra) from 894 to 899, as which he strove to control all of Great Moravia." + ] + ], + [ + "Ordinance (India)", + [ + "Ordinances are laws that are promulgated by the President of India on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet. They can only be issued when Parliament is not in session. They enable the Indian government to take immediate legislative action. Ordinances cease to operate either if Parliament does not approve of them within six weeks of reassembly, or if disapproving resolutions are passed by both Houses. It is also compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within one months." + ] + ], + [ + "Rita Mayfield", + [ + "Rita Mayfield is a member of the Illinois House of Representatives who has represented the 60th district since July 2010 after her appointment to complete the term of State Representative Eddie Washington who died of a heart attack the month before." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Congress", + [ + "The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C. in addition to its 435 voting members. Although they can not vote, these members can sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation." + ] + ], + [ + "Careen M. Gordon", + [ + "Careen M. Gordon is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives who served as a representative from the 75th district from her appointment in December 2003 until leaving office in January 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "2014 United States Senate elections", + [ + "The Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:" + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Chapais", + [ + "In 1891, he ran unsuccessfully as a Conservative for the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Kamouraska. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1892 representing Laurentides. From 1893 to 1894, he was the Leader of the Government. In 1893, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Louis-Olivier Taillon. From 1895 to 1897, he was the Speaker of the Legislative Council. From 1896 to 1897, he was the President of the Executive Council in the cabinet of Edmund James Flynn and was a Cabinet Minister. In 1917, he refused a seat in the Senate but was summoned to the Senate in 1919. A Conservative, he represented the senatorial division of Grandville, Quebec and served until his death in 1946." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power." + ] + ], + [ + "114th United States Congress", + [ + "The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931." + ] + ], + [ + "Modern display of the Confederate battle flag", + [ + "The Confederate battle flag was raised over the State House on April 11, 1961 at the request of Representative John May, ostensibly as a part of opening celebrations of the Confederate War Centennial, according to Dr. Daniel Hollis, an appointed member of the centennial commission. Many historians point out that the appearance of the flag likely had a more nefarious purpose: to symbolize Southern defiance in the face of a burgeoning Civil Rights Movement. In March 1962, lawmakers passed a resolution directing the flag be flown over the State House. As Time magazine later noted, the move was ``a states' - rights rebuff to desegregation. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Michael P. McAuliffe", + [ + "Michael P. McAuliffe (born December 7, 1963) is a former Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 20th district in northwestern Chicago. He was first appointed in 1997, following the death of his father, Roger McAuliffe; between them, the McAuliffes represented northwestern Chicago for 46 years. On June 17, 2019, McAuliffe resigned from the Illinois House of Representatives. He was the only Republican to represent a significant portion of Chicago in the Illinois General Assembly. On June 29, 2019, Republican Bradley Stephens, the Mayor of Rosemont, was appointed to succeed McAuliffe." + ] + ], + [ + "Sanoh Thienthong", + [ + "Sanoh Thienthong has graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Sripatum University. He is married with Uraiwan Thienthong, who is also a politician. They have six children together. Among them are Sorawong Thienthong, who is an MP for Sa Kaeo and Surachat Thienthong, who is an MP for Bangkok, after having been product manager for Thai Beverage, the producer of Beer Chang. Sanoh's nephew and niece, Thanit and Trinuch Thienthong, are both MPs for Sa Kaeo. Moreover, Thanit serves as a Deputy Interior Minister in Yingluck Shinawatra's cabinet. Sanoh's brother Witthaya was a long-term MP for Sa Kaeo as well (since 1996, all three Sa Kaeo seats in the House of Representatives have been controlled by members of the Thienthong family), while his sister Kwanruan was a member of the Senate in 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Walmsley", + [ + "Robert Walmsley was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, on 1 February 1941 and was educated at Fettes College in Edinburgh. He joined the Royal Navy as a Dartmouth Cadet in 1958, and went on to read Mechanical Sciences at Queens' College, Cambridge, before taking up a range of seagoing appointments, mainly in submarines, developing an expertise in nuclear propulsion. During his naval career he was at times Chairman of the Naval Nuclear Technical Safety Panel and Director General, Submarines. For three years, he was the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff for Communications, Command, Control and Information Systems. His final naval appointment (in 1994) was as Controller of the Navy and member of the Navy Board as a vice admiral. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1995." + ] + ], + [ + "Cabinet of the United States", + [ + "The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the ``nuclear option ''during the 113th US Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be invoked by ​ ⁄ supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll, are sworn in and then begin their duties." + ] + ], + [ + "Scott Petri", + [ + "Scott Petri (born 1960) was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the 178th Legislative District. He was the Chairman of House Urban Affairs and the House Ethics Committee. He also served as a member of the Liquor Control Committees. Petri currently serves as executive director of the Philadelphia Parking Authority." + ] + ], + [ + "Margaret Doherty", + [ + "Margaret Doherty (born c. 1951) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Oregon House of Representatives representing District 35 since her September 21, 2009 appointment by Multnomah and Washington County Commissioners to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Larry Galizio." + ] + ], + [ + "Dan Reitz", + [ + "Dan Reitz (born 1954) is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 116th District from his July 23, 1997 appointment until he stepped down in May 2011. Jerry Costello II was appointed to serve the remainder of Reitz's term." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__436202_765799_282674_759393", + "question": "What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county in which J. P. Hayes was born?", + "answer": "Green Bay", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "J. P. Hayes", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pulaski High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sleen", + [ + "Sleen is a village in Drenthe, Netherlands of about 2500 people. Sleen has been inhabited for centuries. Much ancient history can be found in the area, particularly in the forests (which are planted, though). At birth and during the Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795)). Sleen became the capital of one of the six “dingspels” (administrative areas) of Drenthe. When Drenthe was recognised as a province, Sleen became a municipality capital, before it merged into the municipality of Coevorden." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations." + ] + ], + [ + "Ou Reang Ov District", + [ + "Ou Reang Ov District () is a district (\"srok\") located in Tboung Khmum Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Ou Reang Ov town located around 30 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by road. Ou Reang Ov lies on the border where Tboung Khmum, Kampong Cham and Prey Veng provinces meet; the town of Prey Veng is only 42 kilometres away by road." + ] + ], + [ + "J. P. Hayes", + [ + "Hayes was born and raised in Appleton, Wisconsin. He attended the University of Texas at El Paso, where he was a member of the golf team. He majored in marketing and graduated in 1988. In 1989, he turned professional." + ] + ], + [ + "Chol Kiri District", + [ + "Chol Kiri District () is a district (\"srok\") in the east of Kampong Chhnang Province, in central Cambodia. The district capital is Chol Kiri town located around 8 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Chhnang by road. Chol Kiri District is the easternmost district of Kampong Chhnang. The district shares a border with Kampong Thom and Kampong Cham provinces to the east. Most of the district is low lying floodplain and the Tonlé Sap river runs through the district roughly from north to south. This proximity to the river and the lack of high land make Chol Kiri one of the most flood prone districts in the country. The Kampong Chhnang Department of Development has estimated that both Chol Kiri and Kampong Leaeng districts are flooded for six months of the year and that after the floodwaters have receded drinking water sources are left contaminated." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Ottoman cuisine refers to the cuisine of the capital, Istanbul, and the regional capital cities, where the melting pot of cultures created a common cuisine that most of the population regardless of ethnicity shared. This diverse cuisine was honed in the Imperial Palace's kitchens by chefs brought from certain parts of the Empire to create and experiment with different ingredients. The creations of the Ottoman Palace's kitchens filtered to the population, for instance through Ramadan events, and through the cooking at the Yalıs of the Pashas, and from there on spread to the rest of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Pulaski High School", + [ + "Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider." + ] + ], + [ + "List of capitals in the United States", + [ + "Washington, D.C. is the current federal capital city of the United States, as it has been since 1800. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its Insular areas. Historically, most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and other unrecognized governments." + ] + ], + [ + "Sinzongo", + [ + "Sinzongo is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui and near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo." + ] + ], + [ + "European Central Bank", + [ + "Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the key is adjustable. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral." + ] + ], + [ + "Cargo 360", + [ + "On July 30, 2007 Oak Hill Capital Partners acquired Southern Air and merged the two airlines into one, giving birth to Southern Air Holdings, Inc. Consequently, Cargo 360 was absorbed into Southern Air in January 2008 and ceased operating under its own colors." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Rodnowo", + [ + "Rodnowo () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately west of Bartoszyce and north of the regional capital Olsztyn." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital Bars", + [ + "Capital Bars plc (formerly known as Break for the Border Group plc) is an Irish leisure company based in Dublin. Its core business is the acquisition, development and operation of bars, hotels and restaurants, all based in Dublin city centre. Brothers Desmond and Liam O'Dwyer control the company as Joint Managing Directors. After acquiring Capital Bars in 2001, the O’Dwyers took the company private the following year." + ] + ], + [ + "Tymce", + [ + "Tymce (, \"Tymtsi\") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubaczów, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately north-east of Lubaczów and east of the regional capital Rzeszów." + ] + ], + [ + "Province of Toledo", + [ + "Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Madrid, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Cáceres, and Ávila. Its capital is the city of Toledo." + ] + ], + [ + "Potes", + [ + "Potes is a municipality in the autonomous community of Cantabria in Spain. It is the capital of the Comarca of Liébana and is located in the centre of it. It is bordered to the north by Cillorigo de Liébana, to the west by Camaleño, to the south by Vega de Liébana and to the east by Cabezón de Liébana." + ] + ], + [ + "Koh Sotin District", + [ + "Koh Sotin District () is a district (\"srok\") located in Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Chi Haer town located around 10 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by water, but some 42 kilometres by road. The district borders on the southern bank of the Mekong River and includes the islands of Koh Sothin and Koh Mitt in its area." + ] + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + [ + "John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat)." + ] + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + [ + "Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__178366_229349_66759_75165", + "question": "There is a state A where Storm of the Century was filmed based on the book by the author who wrote a short story featuring the author of This Is My God. What is the population of state A?", + "answer": "1,335,907", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "This Is My God", + 0 + ], + [ + "Storm of the Century", + 0 + ], + [ + "Herman Wouk Is Still Alive", + 0 + ], + [ + "Maine", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Israel", + [ + "The Third (1919–23) and Fourth Aliyahs (1924–29) brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine. Finally, the rise of Nazism and the increasing persecution of Jews in 1930s Europe led to the Fifth Aliyah, with an influx of a quarter of a million Jews. This was a major cause of the Arab revolt of 1936–39 during which the British Mandate authorities alongside the Zionist militias of Haganah and Irgun killed 5,032 Arabs and wounded 14,760, resulting in over ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. The British introduced restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine with the White Paper of 1939. With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, a clandestine movement known as Aliyah Bet was organized to bring Jews to Palestine. By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population. On July 22, 1946, Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured. The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah (the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine). It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948)." + ] + ], + [ + "Roger Vadim", + [ + "Roger Vadim (; 26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000) was a French screenwriter, film director and producer, as well as an author, artist and occasional actor. His best-known works are visually lavish films with erotic qualities, such as \"And God Created Woman\" (1956), \"Barbarella\" (1968), and \"Pretty Maids All in a Row\" (1971)." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston", + [ + "In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics." + ] + ], + [ + "Ernst Angel", + [ + "Ernst Angel (11 August 1894, Vienna, Austria – 10 January 1986, Newark, New Jersey) was an Austrian born poet, theatre and film critic, screen play author, film director and publisher who later became a psychologist. He was Jewish." + ] + ], + [ + "Epistle of James", + [ + "The author identifies himself as ``James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, ''who is writing to`` the twelve tribes scattered abroad'' (James 1: 1). The epistle is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus (James the Just), and the audience is generally considered to be Jewish Christians, who were dispersed outside Palestine." + ] + ], + [ + "David Wallechinsky", + [ + "David Wallechinsky was born in Los Angeles to a Jewish family, the son of writer Sylvia Kahn and the author and screenwriter Irving Wallace. His younger sister was fellow author Amy Wallace, a \"witch\" of Carlos Castaneda who co-wrote many books with him and their father and authored \"Sorcerer's Apprentice: My Life with Carlos Castaneda\" in 2003." + ] + ], + [ + "Credo (novel)", + [ + "Credo is a novel by British author and broadcaster Melvyn Bragg, published in 1996. An epic story of the Christian faith set in 7th Century Britain, it centres on the life of a young Celtic Princess torn between her dedication to God's service and her love for Padric, a Prince of Rheged. Set against the background of venerated Church figures of the period notably St Cuthbert, St Wilfrid and Hilda of Whitby, Bega (i.e. St Bee) experiences all the violence and deprivations of her age." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Garvey", + [ + "Robert Garvey (1908–1983) was a Jewish author. He served as Executive Secretary of the Jewish Book Publishers Association (1972–1976). Robert Garvey died in New York in 1983." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Robb Forman Dew", + [ + "Robb Forman Dew is an American author. She has described writing as \"a strange absorption about this alternate world and the way it mixes with your real life.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "God", + [ + "Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences. Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes." + ] + ], + [ + "Epistle of James", + [ + "The author identifies himself as ``James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, ''who is writing to`` the twelve tribes scattered abroad'' (James 1: 1). The epistle is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus (James the Just), and the audience is generally considered to be Jewish Christians, who were dispersed outside Palestine due to persecution." + ] + ], + [ + "The Gods of Guilt", + [ + "The Gods of Guilt is the 26th novel by American author Michael Connelly and his fifth to feature Los Angeles criminal defense attorney Mickey Haller. The book was published in the United States on December 2, 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "This Is My God", + [ + "This is My God is a non-fiction book by Herman Wouk, first published in 1959. The book summarizes many key aspects of Judaism and is intended for both Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. The author, who served in the United States Navy and is a Pulitzer Prize–winning novelist, writes from a Modern Orthodox perspective." + ] + ], + [ + "Margo Tamez", + [ + "Margo Tamez (born 28 January 1962 in Austin, Texas, United States) is a Lipan Apache author of the Hada'didla Nde' (\"Lightning Storm People\"), Konitsaii Nde' (\"Big Water People\") and an enrolled citizen of the Lipan Apache Band of Texas." + ] + ], + [ + "Lord's Day", + [ + "In the first centuries, Sunday, being made a festival in honor of Christ's resurrection, received attention as a day of religious services and recreation, but seventh - day Sabbath rest (based on the Jewish Shabbat, because the earliest Christians were all Jews) was still observed by ``almost all churches ''. Often first - day worship (Sunday morning or Saturday night) was practiced alongside observance of seventh - day Sabbath rest and was a widespread Christian tradition by the 2nd century, attested in patristic writings of the 2nd century; over time, Sunday thus came to be known as Lord's Day. These early Christians believed that the resurrection and ascension of Christ signals the renewal of creation, making the day on which God accomplished it a day analogous to the first day of creation when God made the light. Some of these writers referred to Sunday as the`` eighth day''." + ] + ], + [ + "Storm of the Century", + [ + "A very powerful blizzard hits the fictional small town of Little Tall Island (also the setting of King's novel Dolores Claiborne) off the coast of Maine. The storm is so powerful that all access off the island is blocked, and no one is able to leave the island until the storm is over. While trying to deal with the storm, tragedy strikes when one of the town's residents is brutally murdered by André Linoge (Colm Feore), a menacing stranger who appears to know the town members' darkest secrets, and who gives no hint of his motives other than the cryptic statement ``Give me what I want, and I'll go away. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "The Life of Emile Zola", + [ + "The Life of Emile Zola is a 1937 American biographical film about 19th-century French author Émile Zola, starring Paul Muni and directed by William Dieterle, a German emigré. It is notable as the second biographical film to win the Oscar for Best Picture. It premiered at the Los Angeles Carthay Circle Theatre to great success both critically and financially. Contemporary reviews ranked it as the best biographical film made up to that time. In 2000, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Herman Wouk Is Still Alive", + [ + "\"Herman Wouk Is Still Alive\" is a short story by American author Stephen King. It was originally published in the May 2011 issue of \"The Atlantic\" magazine. The short story won the 2011 Best Short Fiction Bram Stoker Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Maine", + [ + "State of Maine État de Maine (French) Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Pine Tree State ''`` Vacationland'' Motto (s): ``Dirigo ''(Latin for`` I lead'', ``I guide '', or`` I direct'') State song (s): ``State of Maine Song ''Official language None Spoken languages English: 92% French: 5% Other: ≤ 3% Demonym Mainer Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Largest metro Greater Portland Area Ranked 39th Total 35,385 sq mi (91,646 km) Width 210 miles (338 km) Length 320 miles (515 km)% water 13.5 Latitude 42 ° 58 ′ N to 47 ° 28 ′ N Longitude 66 ° 57 ′ W to 71 ° 5 ′ W Population Ranked 42nd Total 1,335,907 (2017 est.) Density 43.0 / sq mi (16.6 / km) Ranked 38th Median household income $50,756 (40th) Elevation Highest point Mount Katahdin 5,270 ft (1606.4 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood District of Maine (Massachusetts) Admission to Union March 15, 1820 (23rd) Governor Paul LePage (R) President of the Senate Michael Thibodeau (R) Legislature Maine Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Susan Collins (R) Angus King (I) U.S. House delegation Chellie Pingree (D) Bruce Poliquin (R) (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - ME Abbreviations ME, Me. Website www.maine.gov" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__17192_17130_70784_61381", + "question": "When was the region immediately north of the region where the country that secured southern Lebanon is located and the Persian Gulf established?", + "answer": "1932", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Prandocin-Iły", + [ + "Prandocin-Iły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słomniki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Słomniki and north-east of the regional capital Kraków." + ] + ], + [ + "Bibice", + [ + "Bibice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zielonki, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of the regional capital Kraków." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground." + ] + ], + [ + "Brinovščica", + [ + "Brinovščica (; in older sources also \"Brinošica\", ) is a small settlement in the hills north of Sodražica in southern Slovenia. It lies in the Municipality of Ribnica, part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola, and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region." + ] + ], + [ + "Arabian Peninsula", + [ + "Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Hejaz (Tihamah), Najd (Al - Yamama), Southern Arabia (Hadhramaut) and Eastern Arabia. Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf." + ] + ], + [ + "Wiechert (crater)", + [ + "Wiechert is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern region of the Moon's far side. It lies to the southeast of the huge walled plain Schrödinger, less than 170 km from the southern pole." + ] + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Rędziny", + [ + "Gmina Rędziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Rędziny, which lies approximately north-east of Częstochowa and north of the regional capital Katowice." + ] + ], + [ + "Arabian Sea", + [ + "The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the northeast and east by the Indian Peninsula on the west by Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, on the north by Pakistan and Iran and on the South by the Maldives. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is 3,862,000 km (1,491,000 sq mi) and its maximum depth is 4,652 metres (15,262 ft). The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab - el - Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎ Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1]" + ] + ], + [ + "Iran", + [ + "Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Jumeirah Beach", + [ + "Jumeira Beach is a white sand beach that is located and named after the Jumeirah district of Dubai, on the coast of the Persian Gulf. It stretches along the coast south of the city's historic district to the junction with The Palm Jumeirah and terminates between the southern end of the Jumeirah Beach Residence (adjacent to the Dubai Marina district) and the port facilities at Jebel Ali." + ] + ], + [ + "Yucatán Peninsula", + [ + "The Yucatán Peninsula (Spanish: Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America." + ] + ], + [ + "Wollaston Peninsula", + [ + "The Wollaston Peninsula (previously, Wollaston Land) is a west-pointing peninsula located on southwestern Victoria Island, Canada. It is bordered by Prince Albert Sound to the north, Amundsen Gulf to the west and Dolphin and Union Strait to the south. Most of the peninsula lies in Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region but a smaller portion lies within the Northwest Territories's Inuvik Region. The peninsula is long, and between wide. Its westernmost point is Cape Baring." + ] + ], + [ + "Jidda Island", + [ + "Jidda Islands () are a group of 3 small uninhabited islets in Bahrain. It lies to the west of Bahrain Island and just north of Umm an Nasan in Persian Gulf. They lie west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Miedźno", + [ + "Gmina Miedźno is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Miedźno, which lies approximately north-east of Kłobuck and north of the regional capital Katowice." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Bobrowniki, Silesian Voivodeship", + [ + "Gmina Bobrowniki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Będzin County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bobrowniki, which lies approximately north-west of Będzin and north of the regional capital Katowice." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Goląsza Dolna", + [ + "Goląsza Dolna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Psary, within Będzin County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north of Psary, north of Będzin, and north-east of the regional capital Katowice." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__31050_725495_49925_349426", + "question": "Whose spouse wanted to reform the Christian denomination whose religion the general population, of Guam, converted to?", + "answer": "Katharina von Bora", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Guam", + 0 + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in Lesotho", + 0 + ], + [ + "Reformation", + 0 + ], + [ + "Katharina von Bora", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. Generally, in modern secular usage Jews include three groups: people who were born to a Jewish family regardless of whether or not they follow the religion, those who have some Jewish ancestral background or lineage (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent), and people without any Jewish ancestral background or lineage who have formally converted to Judaism and therefore are followers of the religion." + ] + ], + [ + "Vukpalaj", + [ + "Vukpalaj (also known as Vukpalaj-Bajzë) is a settlement in the former Kastrat Municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 768." + ] + ], + [ + "Freedom of religion in Nepal", + [ + "The Interim Constitution provides for freedom of religion and permits the practice of all religious groups; however, there are some restrictions. The Interim Parliament declared the country a secular state in the Interim Constitution in January 2007. The previous constitution described the country as a ``Hindu Kingdom, ''although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Article 23 of the Interim Constitution protects the rights of all religious groups by guaranteeing the individual the right`` to profess and practice his / her own religion as handed down to him / her from ancient times having due regard to traditional practices.'' It also states ``no person shall be entitled to convert another person from one religion to another and shall not take actions or behave in a way that would create disturbance in another's religion. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion. These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it remains one of the most popular religions. Although Czech Republic was the site of one of the most significant pre-reformation movements, there are only few Protestant adherents; mainly due to historical reasons like persecution of Protestants by the Catholic Habsburgs, restrictions during the Communist rule, and also the ongoing secularization. Over the last several decades, religious practice has been declining as secularization has increased. According to a 2012 study about Religiosity in the European Union in 2012 by Eurobarometer, Protestants made up 12% of the EU population. According to Pew Research Center, Protestants constituted nearly one fifth (or 17.8%) of the continent's Christian population in 2010. Clarke and Beyer estimate that Protestants constituted 15% of all Europeans in 2009, while Noll claims that less than 12% of them lived in Europe in 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Christian", + [ + "According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa. As such, ancient beliefs continue to co-exist side-by-side with Christianity, particularly in regard to the traditional customs and rituals of fa'a Samoa. The Samoan culture is centred around the principle of vāfealoa'i, the relationships between people. These relationships are based on respect, or fa'aaloalo. When Christianity was introduced in Samoa, most Samoan people converted. Currently 98% of the population identify themselves as Christian." + ] + ], + [ + "Guam", + [ + "Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines." + ] + ], + [ + "Kastrat (settlement)", + [ + "Kastrat is a settlement in the former Kastrat Municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 682." + ] + ], + [ + "Humanism", + [ + "After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a view to correcting errors and discrepancies in the latter. Erasmus, along with the French humanist Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, began issuing new translations, laying the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Henceforth Renaissance humanism, particularly in the German North, became concerned with religion, while Italian and French humanism concentrated increasingly on scholarship and philology addressed to a narrow audience of specialists, studiously avoiding topics that might offend despotic rulers or which might be seen as corrosive of faith. After the Reformation, critical examination of the Bible did not resume until the advent of the so-called Higher criticism of the 19th-century German Tübingen school." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War). Some of the reforms under Yeltsin were scaled back by Vladimir Putin." + ] + ], + [ + "Islam by country", + [ + "About 15% of Muslims reside in Sub-Saharan Africa, and sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, China, Russia, and Europe.Western Europe hosts many Muslim immigrant communities where Islam is the second-largest religion after Christianity, where it represents 6% of the total population or 24 million people. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Southern Europe", + [ + "The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe — e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy — are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe — e.g., Greece, Macedonia — are generally Greek Orthodox." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "Christianity is the predominant religion of Switzerland (about 71% of resident population and 75% of Swiss citizens), divided between the Catholic Church (38.21% of the population), the Swiss Reformed Church (26.93%), further Protestant churches (2.89%) and other Christian denominations (2.79%). There has been a recent rise in Evangelicalism. Immigration has brought Islam (4.95%) and Eastern Orthodoxy (around 2%) as sizeable minority religions. According to a 2015 poll by Gallup International, 12% of Swiss people self-identified as \"convinced atheists.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in Lesotho", + [ + "Many Christians still practice their traditional cultural beliefs and rituals along with Christianity. The Catholic Church has fused some aspects of local culture into its services. For example, the singing of hymns during services has developed into a local and traditional way of singing (a repetitive call and response style) in Sesotho, the indigenous language, as well as English. In addition priests are seen dressed in local dress during services." + ] + ], + [ + "Petrus Ramus", + [ + "Petrus Ramus (; Anglicized to Peter Ramus ; 1515 – 26 August 1572) was an influential French humanist, logician, and educational reformer. A Protestant convert, he was one of the most prominent victims of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre." + ] + ], + [ + "Reformation", + [ + "Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought." + ] + ], + [ + "Katharina von Bora", + [ + "Katharina von Bora (; 29 January 1499 – 20 December 1552), after her wedding Katharina Luther, also referred to as \"die Lutherin\" (\"the Lutheress\"), was the wife of Martin Luther, German reformer and a seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation. Beyond what is found in the writings of Luther and some of his contemporaries, little is known about her. Despite this, Katharina is often considered one of the most important participants in the Reformation because of her role in helping to define Protestant family life and setting the tone for clergy marriages." + ] + ], + [ + "Kalldrun", + [ + "Kalldrun (also known as Kaldrun) is a settlement in the former Qendër municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 554." + ] + ], + [ + "Samurai", + [ + "Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the Tang dynasty political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. As part of the Taihō Code, of 702 AD, and the later Yōrō Code, the population was required to report regularly for census, a precursor for national conscription. With an understanding of how the population was distributed, Emperor Mommu introduced a law whereby 1 in 3–4 adult males was drafted into the national military. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in return were exempted from duties and taxes. This was one of the first attempts by the Imperial government to form an organized army modeled after the Chinese system. It was called \"Gundan-Sei\" (軍団制) by later historians and is believed to have been short-lived.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Sam Ketsekile", + [ + "Sam Ketsekile (born 8 May 1981) is a Mosotho footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Lesotho Prison Service. He has won 15 caps for the Lesotho national football team since 2007." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__58323_375563_161848_28750", + "question": "Where was Popper's academic appointment in the country near the country of citizenship of the person who wrote The Book Thief?", + "answer": "Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Messenger (Zusak novel)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Book Thief (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Karl Popper", + 0 + ], + [ + "1952 Winter Olympics", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Eurovision Song Contest 2018", + [ + "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest." + ] + ], + [ + "North Korea at the Olympics", + [ + "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea." + ] + ], + [ + "The Messenger (Zusak novel)", + [ + "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Demon Thief", + [ + "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released." + ] + ], + [ + "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)", + [ + "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert J. Bach", + [ + "Robert J. Bach (born December 31, 1961), commonly known as Robbie Bach, was the President of Entertainment & Devices Division at Microsoft. He led the division that was responsible for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune, Games for Windows, Windows Phone and the Microsoft TV platform. After 22 years at Microsoft, Robbie announced his retirement from Microsoft effective in the fall of 2010. Robbie now speaks to corporate, academic and civic groups across the country and in 2015 completed his first book, Xbox Revisited: A Game Plan for Corporate and Civic Renewal." + ] + ], + [ + "The Book Thief (film)", + [ + "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams." + ] + ], + [ + "Kamilla and the Thief", + [ + "Kamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD." + ] + ], + [ + "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire", + [ + "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts." + ] + ], + [ + "The Book Thief (film)", + [ + "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Karl Popper", + [ + "In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the Professor of Physiology John Carew Eccles and formed a lifelong friendship with him. In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics. Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the University of London. Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959. He retired from academic life in 1969, though he remained intellectually active for the rest of his life. In 1985, he returned to Austria so that his wife could have her relatives around her during the last months of her life; she died in November that year. After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey." + ] + ], + [ + "1923 International Cross Country Championships", + [ + "The 1923 International Cross Country Championships was held in Maisons-Laffitte, France, at the Hippodrome de Maisons-Laffitte on March 25, 1923. Athletes from Belgium were participating for the first time. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald." + ] + ], + [ + "The Black Mask", + [ + "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901." + ] + ], + [ + "Alfred Mayssonnié", + [ + "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor of the Bank of England", + [ + "The 120th and current Governor is the Canadian Mark Carney, appointed in 2013. He is the first non-Briton to be appointed to the post, but made a commitment to the Prime Minister to take up British citizenship." + ] + ], + [ + "Eiluned Lewis", + [ + "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Ticks (song)", + [ + "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens." + ] + ], + [ + "1952 Winter Olympics", + [ + "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games." + ] + ], + [ + "Karl Popper", + [ + "In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly because of the rise of Nazism, which forced him to quit his work in 1933, and the prohibition of referring to Selz' work. Popper, the historian of ideas and his scholarship, is criticised in some academic quarters for his rejection of Plato, Hegel and Marx." + ] + ], + [ + "Zimbabwe at the Olympics", + [ + "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__9002_698949_157828_239539", + "question": "The language of a film titled and about the city where Tito was interred is the co-official language of a county. In what city is the national Radio and Television broadcaster for that country?", + "answer": "Pristina", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Belgrade (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + 0 + ], + [ + "Media in Pristina", + 0 + ], + [ + "Serbian language", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ivan Levaï", + [ + "Ivan Levaï (born 18 March 1937 in Budapest) is a journalist in France. He has occupied many positions in radio, television and press journalism. For several years he presented the review of the press in the morning news show on France Inter radio. As of 2011 he presents a press review on France Inter on Saturday and Sunday mornings." + ] + ], + [ + "Miami", + [ + "Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and UniMÁS have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami. Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings." + ] + ], + [ + "Belgrade (film)", + [ + "Belgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called \"Museum 25 May\" and \"Museum of the Revolution\"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to \"better times\". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death." + ] + ], + [ + "Catalan language", + [ + "Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales." + ] + ], + [ + "The White Suit", + [ + "The White Suit () is a 1999 Serbian language film directed by Lazar Ristovski. It was a co-production between the United Kingdom and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was Yugoslavia's official Best Foreign Language Film submission at the 72nd Academy Awards, but did not manage to receive a nomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Media in Pristina", + [ + "Media in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates,advertisements and political parties programs." + ] + ], + [ + "Guyana", + [ + "Guyana is the only South American nation in which English is the official language. The majority of the population, however, speak Guyanese Creole, an English - based creole language, as a first language. Guyana is part of the Anglophone Caribbean. CARICOM, of which Guyana is a member, is headquartered in Guyana's capital and largest city, Georgetown. In 2008, the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member." + ] + ], + [ + "Swedish Sign Language", + [ + "Swedish Sign Language (\"Svenskt teckenspråk\" or SSL) is the sign language used in Sweden. It is recognized by the Swedish government as the country's official sign language, and hearing parents of deaf children are required to learn it. There are fewer than 10,000 speakers, making the language officially endangered." + ] + ], + [ + "Southern Europe", + [ + "There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews)." + ] + ], + [ + "Silence in Dreamland", + [ + "Silence in Dreamland () is a 2013 Ecuador drama film directed by Tito Molina. It was selected as the Ecuadorian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, but was not nominated." + ] + ], + [ + "Cash Cab (American game show)", + [ + "Cash Cab Title card for both Canadian and U.S. versions Genre Game show Created by Adam Wood Presented by Ben Bailey (New York version) Beth Melewski (Chicago version) Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 6 Production Producer (s) Lion Television Running time 24 -- 26 minutes Release Original network Discovery Channel Original release December 5, 2005 (2005 - 12 - 05) -- April 18, 2012 (2012 - 04 - 18) Chronology Related shows Cash Cab External links Official website dsc.discovery.com/fansites/cashcab/cashcab.html" + ] + ], + [ + "Hallmark Movies & Mysteries", + [ + "Hallmark Movies & Mysteries Launched January 20, 2004; 14 years ago (2004 - 01 - 20) Owned by Crown Media Holdings Picture format 1080i (HDTV) (HD feed downgraded to letterboxed 480i for SDTVs) Country United States Language English Broadcast area Nationwide Headquarters Studio City, Los Angeles, California Formerly called Hallmark Movie Channel (2004 -- 2014) Sister channel (s) Hallmark Channel Hallmark Drama Website Official website Availability Satellite DirecTV 565 (HD) Dish Network 187 (HD / SD) 9444 (HD) Cable Available on many cable systems check local listings IPTV Verizon FiOS 739 (HD) 239 (SD) AT&T U-verse 1366 (HD) 366 (SD) Sling TV Internet Protocol television PlayStation Vue Internet Protocol television" + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another." + ] + ], + [ + "American Bandstand", + [ + "\"American Bandstand\" premiered locally in late March 1950 as Bandstand on Philadelphia television station WFIL-TV Channel 6 (now WPVI-TV), as a replacement for a weekday movie that had shown predominantly British films. Hosted by Bob Horn as a television adjunct to his radio show of the same name on WFIL radio, \"Bandstand\" mainly featured short musical films produced by Snader Telescriptions and Official Films, with occasional studio guests. This incarnation was an early predecessor of sorts of the music video shows that became popular in the 1980s, featuring films that are themselves the ancestors of music videos." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Serbian language", + [ + "Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Beautiful Trio", + [ + "Beautiful Trio (大女人·小女人) is a Chinese language drama broadcast on Singapore's largest television network, MediaCorp TV Channel 8. The show was filmed in 2003 but broadcast in 2004. It stars Huang Biren , Ivy Lee , Stella Huang & Zhang Yaodong as the casts of the series." + ] + ], + [ + "Sabaka", + [ + "Sabaka is a 1954 American adventure film written, directed and co-produced by Frank Ferrin that was shot on location in India. Ferrin also produced and directed the television show \"Andy's Gang\" where Nino Marcel as Gunga Ram's series of Indian adventures appeared on the show. The film was originally released as The Hindu in 1953." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__68158_189357", + "question": "Where was the first female supreme court justice educated?", + "answer": "Stanford University", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Harry Rathbun", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sandra Day O'Connor", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Richard Harding Poff", + [ + "Richard Harding \"Dick\" Poff (October 19, 1923 – June 27, 2011) was an American politician and judge. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1952 from Virginia's 6th congressional district. An attorney and a Republican, he was given strong consideration for the United States Supreme Court by President Richard M. Nixon and was later appointed as a Justice (later Senior Justice) of the Virginia Supreme Court." + ] + ], + [ + "R. Banumathi", + [ + "R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court." + ] + ], + [ + "Palace of Justice, Vienna", + [ + "The Palace of Justice () is the seat of the Supreme Court (\"Oberster Gerichtshof\") of Austria. The Neo-Renaissance building erected from 1875 to 1881 is located in the Austrian capital Vienna on Schmerlingplatz, a square near the Ringstraße boulevard in the central district of Innere Stadt. In addition to the Supreme Court, the Palace of Justice houses the Higher Regional Court of Vienna and the Regional Court for Civil Matters Vienna and the General Prosecution and the Supreme Public Prosecutor for Vienna." + ] + ], + [ + "Chief Justice of the United States", + [ + "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice." + ] + ], + [ + "Harry Rathbun", + [ + "Harry John Rathbun was a Professor of Business Law at Stanford University who had a profound influence on a generation of students, with former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor crediting him with being the key intellectual and spiritual influence in her life." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court \"form part of the law of the land\", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided." + ] + ], + [ + "Separation of church and state in the United States", + [ + "Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments \"may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment.\" In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: \"In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Thurgood Marshall College", + [ + "Thurgood Marshall College (TMC) is one of the six undergraduate colleges at the University of California, San Diego. The college, named after Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American Supreme Court Justice and lawyer for the landmark 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, emphasizes \"scholarship, social responsibility and the belief that a liberal arts education must include an understanding of [one's] role in society.\" Marshall College's general education requirements emphasize the culture of community involvement and multiculturalism; accordingly Marshall houses the minors in Public Service and Film Studies for the campus. Significant academic programs and departments have come out of the college over many decades: Communication, Ethnic Studies, Third World Studies, African American Studies, Urban Studies & Planning, and Education Studies." + ] + ], + [ + "Chief Justice of the United States", + [ + "This article is part of the series on the United States Supreme Court The Court Decisions Procedure History Court Building Current membership Chief Justice John Roberts Associate Justices Anthony Kennedy Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer Samuel Alito Sonia Sotomayor Elena Kagan Neil Gorsuch Retired Associate Justices John Paul Stevens Sandra Day O'Connor David Souter All members List of all members by court by seat by time in office by education Succession Timeline List of Chief Justices List of Associate Justices Specialty lists All nominations Unsuccessful nominations Nominations late in presidency Court demographics Justices who served in Congress Ideological leanings of justices Court functionaries Clerks Reporter of Decisions Supreme Court Police Other countries Law Portal" + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Ruffin", + [ + "Thomas Ruffin (1787–1870) was an American jurist and Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1829 to 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859. He was Chief Justice of that Court from 1833 to 1852." + ] + ], + [ + "Kansas Supreme Court", + [ + "The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas. Composed of seven justices, led by Chief Justice Lawton Nuss, the court supervises the legal profession, administers the judicial branch, and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process." + ] + ], + [ + "Jasti Chelameswar", + [ + "Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "The Supreme Court of the United States, established in 1789, is the highest Federal court in the United States, with powers of judicial review first asserted in Calder v. Bull (1798) in Justice Iredell's dissenting opinion. The power was later given binding authority by Justice Marshall in Marbury v. Madison (1803). There are currently nine seats on the US Supreme Court." + ] + ], + [ + "Dalveer Bhandari", + [ + "Dalveer Bhandari (born 1 October 1947) is an Indian member of the International Court of Justice and was a judge of the Supreme Court of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Impeachment in the Philippines", + [ + "If the President of the Philippines is on trial, such as in 2001, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines shall preside but not vote." + ] + ], + [ + "Separation of church and state in the United States", + [ + "Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments ``may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the (First) Amendment. ''In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote:`` In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Biographical Directory of Federal Judges", + [ + "These include justices of the Supreme Court of the United States and judges of United States courts of appeals, district courts, and the now-obsolete circuit courts." + ] + ], + [ + "Lyman Duff", + [ + "Sir Lyman Poore Duff, (7 January 1865 – 26 April 1955) was the eighth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was the longest serving justice of the Supreme Court of Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Sandra Day O'Connor", + [ + "Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, who served from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until her retirement in 2006. She is the first woman to serve on the Court." + ] + ], + [ + "Noah Haynes Swayne", + [ + "Noah Haynes Swayne (December 7, 1804 – June 8, 1884) was an American jurist and politician. He was the first Republican appointed as a justice to the United States Supreme Court." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__21104_16254", + "question": "By 1931, what percentage of the world's Jews were the group that represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?", + "answer": "92 percent", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Jews", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Jews", + [ + "There is also a trend of Orthodox movements pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. As a result of the efforts by these and other Jewish groups over the past 25 years, there has been a trend (known as the Baal Teshuva movement) for secular Jews to become more religiously observant, though the demographic implications of the trend are unknown. Additionally, there is also a growing rate of conversion to Jews by Choice of gentiles who make the decision to head in the direction of becoming Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe—pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Acts of the Apostles", + [ + "Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ``apology ''for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah." + ] + ], + [ + "Hanover", + [ + "In September 1941, through the \"Action Lauterbacher\" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference, on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During the war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war.[citation needed] Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover." + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in Syria", + [ + "In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Western Europe's largest Jewish community, and the third-largest Jewish community in the world, can be found in France, home to between 483,000 and 500,000 Jews, the majority of whom are immigrants or refugees from North African Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (or their descendants). The United Kingdom has a Jewish community of 292,000. In Eastern Europe, there are anywhere from 350,000 to one million Jews living in the former Soviet Union, but exact figures are difficult to establish. In Germany, the 102,000 Jews registered with the Jewish community are a slowly declining population, despite the immigration of tens of thousands of Jews from the former Soviet Union since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Thousands of Israelis also live in Germany, either permanently or temporarily, for economic reasons." + ] + ], + [ + "Heresy", + [ + "Pope St. Gregory stigmatized Judaism and the Jewish People in many of his writings. He described Jews as enemies of Christ: \"The more the Holy Spirit fills the world, the more perverse hatred dominates the souls of the Jews.\" He labeled all heresy as \"Jewish\", claiming that Judaism would \"pollute [Catholics and] deceive them with sacrilegious seduction.\" The identification of Jews and heretics in particular occurred several times in Roman-Christian law," + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, \"Ashkenazic\" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Kim Jew", + [ + "Melvin Kim Jew (born July 18, 1952) is an American photographer and entrepreneur, and the founder and owner of Kim Jew Photography in Albuquerque, New Mexico." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as \"others\", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the Jews in Antwerp", + [ + "The history of the Jews in Antwerp, Belgium goes back at least eight hundred years. Currently, the Jewish community of Antwerp consists of around 18,000." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Since at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, a proportion of Jews have assimilated into the wider non-Jewish society around them, by either choice or force, ceasing to practice Judaism and losing their Jewish identity. Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely. The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment of the 18th century (see Haskalah) and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 19th century, accelerated the situation, encouraging Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society. The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__609313_20273", + "question": "What year did the author of History of the Reformation in Scotland die?", + "answer": "1572", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The History of the Reformation in Scotland", + 0 + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "National Monument of Scotland", + [ + "The National Monument of Scotland, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, is Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. It was intended, according to the inscription, to be \"A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland\".The monument dominates the top of Calton Hill, just to the east of Princes Street. It was designed during 1823-6 by Charles Robert Cockerell and William Henry Playfair and is modelled upon the Parthenon in Athens. Construction started in 1826 and, due to the lack of funds, was left unfinished in 1829. This circumstance gave rise to various nicknames such as \"Scotland's Folly\", \"Edinburgh's Disgrace\", \"the Pride and Poverty of Scotland\" and \"Edinburgh's Folly\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in England and Wales", + [ + "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant)." + ] + ], + [ + "The History of the Reformation in Scotland", + [ + "The History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566." + ] + ], + [ + "George Washington Sprott", + [ + "George Washington Sprott (6 March 1829 – 27 October 1909) was Scottish minister and liturgical scholar, known as an advocate of reform of the services of the Church of Scotland, and of its reunion with the Free Church of Scotland." + ] + ], + [ + "Church of Scotland", + [ + "While the Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the earliest Christians in Scotland, its identity was principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. At that point, many in the then church in Scotland broke with Rome, in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1560, an assembly of some nobles, lairds and burgesses, as well as several churchmen, claiming in defiance of the Queen to be a Scottish Parliament, abolished papal jurisdiction and approved the Scots Confession, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown, as Mary I, a Catholic, refused to do so, and the question of church government also remained unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents' which is a translation of the Greek; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline." + ] + ], + [ + "Frederick Jackson Turner Award", + [ + "The Frederick Jackson Turner Award, is given each year by the Organization of American Historians for an author's first book on American history." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council." + ] + ], + [ + "Pub", + [ + "Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the \"new papists\". Since the term \"magister\" also means \"teacher\", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism." + ] + ], + [ + "British Isles", + [ + "The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope Paul VI", + [ + "The Lutherans were the first Protestant Church offering a dialogue to the Catholic Church in September 1964 in Reykjavík, Iceland. It resulted in joint study groups of several issues. The dialogue with the Methodist Church began October 1965, after its representatives officially applauded remarkable changes, friendship and cooperation of the past five years. The Reformed Churches entered four years later into a dialogue with the Catholic Church. The President of the Lutheran World Federation and member of the central committee of the World Council of Churches Fredrik A. Schiotz stated during the 450th anniversary of the Reformation, that earlier commemorations were viewed almost as a triumph. Reformation should be celebrated as a thanksgiving to God, his truth and his renewed life. He welcomed the announcement of Pope Paul VI to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of the death of the Apostle Peter and Apostle Paul, and promised the participation and cooperation in the festivities." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church." + ] + ], + [ + "Arsenal F.C.", + [ + "For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their \"lucky\" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before." + ] + ], + [ + "Crumbling Idols", + [ + "Crumbling Idols is a collection of 12 essays written and completed by Hamlin Garland in 1894. Garland was one of the most prominent American authors of the early 20th century, and contributed heavily to the literary movement known as American Realism. His work, \"Crumbling Idols\", expresses his views and manifesto as a veritist (realist) artist. In it, he repeatedly emphasizes the importance of a uniquely American literature, one that breaks away from tradition and the past and focuses on the present in order to depict reality through the artists own eyes." + ] + ], + [ + "Heresy", + [ + "In his work \"On the Jews and Their Lies\" (1543), German Reformation leader Martin Luther claims that Jewish history was \"assailed by much heresy\", and that Christ the logos swept away the Jewish heresy and goes on to do so, \"as it still does daily before our eyes.\" He stigmatizes Jewish Prayer as being \"blasphemous\" (sic) and a lie, and vilifies Jews in general as being spiritually \"blind\" and \"surely possessed by all devils.\" Luther calls the members of the Orthodox Catholic Church \"papists\" and heretics, and has a special spiritual problem with Jewish circumcision." + ] + ], + [ + "National Museum of Scotland", + [ + "The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free." + ] + ], + [ + "Tenancy deposit schemes (Scotland)", + [ + "The Tenancy Deposit Schemes (Scotland) Regulations 2011 came into force on 7 March 2011. Every landlord or letting agent that receives a deposit in Scotland must register with their local authority and join a tenancy deposit scheme." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__124592_402641", + "question": "Who is the other child of Chian Hsiao-chang's father?", + "answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-wu", + 0 + ], + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-chang", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Helen Vlachos", + [ + "Helen Vlachos was the daughter, and only child, of Georgios Vlachos, who founded \"Kathimerini\", one of Greece's premier newspapers, in 1919. She worked as a journalist in her father's newspaper and covered the Berlin Olympics in 1936. During World War II, her father refused to cooperate with the Nazi occupation government and closed down \"Kathimerini\". During the war she worked as a nurse." + ] + ], + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-wu", + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father." + ] + ], + [ + "Blood Stain Child", + [ + "Blood Stain Child (stylised as BLOOD STAIN CHILD) is a Japanese heavy metal band from the city of Osaka. The band's musical style combines melodic death metal with electronic and trance. The band formed under the name \"Visionquest\" (stylised as \"VISIONQUEST\") in 1999, but changed their name to Blood Stain Child in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Liliana Mumy", + [ + "Her father is actor Bill Mumy. Among his many roles, her father appeared as a child in the 1961 The Twilight Zone episode ``It's a Good Life '', and Liliana appeared with her father, as his child, in the revival series' 2003 sequel episode`` It's Still a Good Life''. She currently voices Beth Tezuka, in the animated web series Bravest Warriors and Leni Loud in the Nickelodeon TV series The Loud House, and has been joined by her father on some episodes of both shows." + ] + ], + [ + "Shanghai 13", + [ + "Shanghai 13, also known as The Shanghai Thirteen, is a 1984 Hong Kong-Taiwanese martial arts film written and directed by Chang Cheh and starring an ensemble cast of notable film stars such as Andy Lau, Jimmy Wang Yu, Ti Lung, Chen Kuan-tai, Danny Lee, Bryan Leung, David Chiang, Chiang Sheng, Chi Kuan-chun, Chan Sing, Lu Feng and more." + ] + ], + [ + "Invisible Child", + [ + "Invisible Child is a 1999 American television drama film starring Rita Wilson as a mother who imagines she has three children when she has only two. Fearing his wife may be institutionalized because of her delusional disorder, her husband goes along with this charade as though it is perfectly normal. The 10-year-old daughter assists her father in facilitating the delusion. The youngest child seems to really believe that he has a sister named \"Maggie.\" They hire a nanny who initially goes along with the family's unusual situation, but she becomes concerned about the effects on the real children and reports the family to child protective services." + ] + ], + [ + "The New One-Armed Swordsman", + [ + "The New One-Armed Swordsman, also known as Triple Irons, is a 1971 Hong Kong \"wuxia\" film directed by Chang Cheh and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, starring David Chiang. Chiang replaced Jimmy Wang, the star of the two preceding films in the series, \"The One-Armed Swordsman\" and \"Return of the One-Armed Swordsman\". The film features Chang Cheh's usual brand of violent swordplay and bloody effects." + ] + ], + [ + "Nang Lae", + [ + "Nang Lae () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 10,312 people. The \"tambon\" has 14 villages." + ] + ], + [ + "Lucy Kennedy", + [ + "Kennedy grew up in Sandycove, Dublin, the middle child of three girls. Her father is John Kennedy who would later feature alongside his daughter as her pianist on \"The Lucy Kennedy Show\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Lina Medina", + [ + "Medina has never revealed the father of the child nor the circumstances of her impregnation. Escomel suggested that she might not actually know herself, as she \"couldn't give precise responses\". Lina's father was arrested on suspicion of child sexual abuse, but he was released due to lack of evidence and the biological father was never identified. Her son grew up healthy. He died in 1979 at the age of 40.In young adulthood, Medina worked as a secretary in the Lima clinic of Lozada, which gave her an education and helped put her son through high school. She married Raúl Jurado, who fathered her second son in 1972. As of 2002, they lived in a poor district of Lima known as \"Chicago Chico\". She refused an interview with Reuters that year, just as she had turned away many reporters in years past." + ] + ], + [ + "Oskar Maria Graf", + [ + "Graf was born in Berg in the Kingdom of Bavaria, situated in the picturesque landscape around Lake Starnberg near Munich. He was the ninth child of the baker Max Graf and his wife Therese (née Heimrath), a farmer's daughter. From 1900 on he went to the state school in Aufkirchen, in the municipality of Berg. After his father died in 1906, he learned the baker's trade and worked for his brother Max, who had taken over their father's bakery." + ] + ], + [ + "Boxer from Shantung", + [ + "The Boxer from Shantung is a 1972 Hong Kong kung fu film directed by Chang Cheh and Pao Hsueh-li, and starring Chen Kuan-tai, Ching Li and guest stars David Chiang." + ] + ], + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-chang", + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-chang (; born 1938) is the only daughter of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. Her mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. She had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. She is the only living member of Chiang Ching-kuo's legitimate children, and was the only one among the siblings who could converse in Russian with their mother." + ] + ], + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-wen", + [ + "Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father." + ] + ], + [ + "Loekman Hakim", + [ + "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child." + ] + ], + [ + "San Phi Suea", + [ + "San Phi Suea () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8,466 people. The \"tambon\" contains 9 villages." + ] + ], + [ + "Fairly Legal", + [ + "\"Fairly Legal\" stars Sarah Shahi as Kate Reed, a young woman who changes her profession from lawyer to mediator and works at the San Francisco law firm her father started. As the series opens, Kate's father has just died, leaving his young widow Lauren in charge as Kate and the firm adjust to the loss." + ] + ], + [ + "Jam Hsiao (album)", + [ + "Jam Hsiao Self Titled Album () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's () debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 16 June 2008 by Warner Music Taiwan." + ] + ], + [ + "Doi Chiang Dao", + [ + "Doi Chiang Dao (, ), also known as Doi Luang Chiang Dao (, ), is a 2,175 m high mountain in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is one of the highest peaks of the Daen Lao Range on the Thai side of the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Mae Yao", + [ + "Mae Yao () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 19,958 people. The \"tambon\" contains 18 villages." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__313670_42197_18397", + "question": "Another world leader said that Vladimir Rapoport's country was imperialist. Where did that leader announce that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vladimir Rapoport", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Palace of the Soviets", + [ + "The Palace of the Soviets (, \"Dvorets Sovetov\") was a project to construct an administrative center and a congress hall in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (present-day Russian Federation) near the Kremlin, on the site of the demolished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The architectural contest for the Palace of the Soviets (1931–1933) was won by Boris Iofan's neoclassical concept, subsequently revised by Iofan, Vladimir Shchuko and Vladimir Gelfreikh into a skyscraper. If built, it would have become the world's tallest structure of its time. Construction started in 1937, and was terminated by the German invasion in 1941. In 1941–1942, its steel frame was disassembled for use in fortifications and bridges. Construction was never resumed. In 1958, the foundations of the Palace were converted into what would become the world's largest open-air swimming pool, the Moskva Pool. The Cathedral was rebuilt in 1995–2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "Sophia (robot)", + [ + "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''.." + ] + ], + [ + "John, King of England", + [ + "John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England." + ] + ], + [ + "Alek Rapoport", + [ + "Alek Rapoport (November 24, 1933, Kharkiv, Ukraine SSR – February 4, 1997, San Francisco) was a Russian Nonconformist artist, art theorist and teacher." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "Communism in Korea", + [ + "Alexandra Kim, a Korean who lived in Russia, is sometimes credited as the first Korean communist. She had joined the Bolsheviks in 1916. In 1917, Vladimir Lenin sent her to Siberia to mobilize Koreans there against the counter-revolutionary forces and the Allied Expeditionary Forces. In Khabarovsk Kim was in charge of external affairs at the Far - Eastern Department of the Party. There she met with Yi Dong - Wi, Kim Rip and other Korean independence fighters. Together they founded the Korean People's Socialist Party, the first Korean communist party on June 28, 1918." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Kievan Rus'", + [ + "In the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by the city of Vladimir, which become the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal'. The combined principality of Vladimir-Suzdal asserted itself as a major power in Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century. In 1169 Prince Andrey Bogolyubskiy of Vladimir-Suzdal sacked the city of Kiev and took over the title of the (Великий Князь/Velikiy Knyaz/Grand Prince or Grand Duke) to Vladimir, this way claiming the primacy in Rus'. Prince Andrey then installed his younger brother, who ruled briefly in Kiev while Andrey continued to rule his realm from Suzdal. In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan moved from Kiev to the city of Vladimir and Vladimir-Suzdal." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir-Suzdal", + [ + "Vladimir-Suzdal (, \"Vladimirsko-Suzdal'skaya\"), also Vladimir-Suzdalian Rus' formally known as the Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1157–1331) (, \"Vladimiro-Suzdal'skoye knyazhestvo\"; ), was one of the major principalities that succeeded Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century, centered in Vladimir-on-Klyazma. With time the principality grew into a grand duchy divided into several smaller principalities. After being conquered by the Mongol Empire, the principality became a self-governed state headed by its own nobility. A governorship of principality, however, was prescribed by a Khan declaration (jarlig) issued from the Golden Horde to a noble family of any of smaller principalities." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir Rapoport", + [ + "Vladimir Abramovich Rapoport (; 6 November 1907, Vitebsk – 17 June 1975, Moscow) was a Soviet cinematographer. Vladimir Rapoport received the Stalin Prize four times: in 1942, 1946, 1949, 1951 and the USSR State Prize in 1971." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir Urutchev", + [ + "Vladimir Urutchev () (born 1 October 1954 in Smolyan Province) is a Bulgarian politician who serves as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the GERB. Following Bulgaria's accession to the European Union in 2007, he was elected as one of the first group of Bulgarian members of the European Parliament. He was subsequently re-elected in 2009. Before becoming an MEP, Urutchev had worked as a nuclear engineer at the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__126306_396277", + "question": "What is another notable work by the illustrator of Sylvester and the Magic Pebble?", + "answer": "Doctor De Soto", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sylvester and the Magic Pebble", + 0 + ], + [ + "Doctor De Soto", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Tommy Trouble and the Magic Marble", + [ + "Tommy Trouble and the Magic Marble is a children's novel written by Ralph Fletcher and illustrated by Ben Caldwell. It was first published in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "The Magic School Bus (TV series)", + [ + "The Magic School Bus is a Canadian / American Saturday morning animated children's television series, based on the book series of the same name by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. It is notable for its use of celebrity talent and combining entertainment with an educational series. Broadcasting & Cable said the show was ``among the highest - rated PBS shows for school - age children. ''On June 10, 2014, Scholastic Media announced that it will be releasing an all - new animated series which will be inspired by the original show entitled The Magic School Bus Rides Again." + ] + ], + [ + "Garth Williams", + [ + "Garth Montgomery Williams (April 16, 1912 – May 8, 1996) was a well known American illustrator for children's book/literature from the 20th century. Williams is most notable for his illustrations in classic American children's books such as \"Charlotte's Web\". William's was inspired by his parents who were both artists of some kind as well. William's attended the Westminster School of Art and the Royal Academy in London where he received his training for articular crafts and drawing. He later had received the Prix de Rome which is a high-honor French scholarship for art students, and will allow those to live and study in the Italian capital of Rome free of expenses. He eventually moved back to his birth city in New York in October 1941 to continue his works and partnering with E.B. White. Many of the books he illustrated have become classics of American children's literature. A notable exception are the illustrations he created for an adult audience in 'A Room for the Night' by Pauline Leader, Vanguard Press, 1946." + ] + ], + [ + "Kim Deitch", + [ + "The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch." + ] + ], + [ + "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang", + [ + "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car is a children's novel written by Ian Fleming for his son Caspar, with illustrations by John Burningham. It was initially published in three volumes, the first of which was released on 22 October 1964 by Jonathan Cape in London." + ] + ], + [ + "Rosetta Pebble", + [ + "Rosetta Pebble is an American rock band from Detroit, Michigan. Their name is a vague reference to the ancient Rosetta Stone. Rosetta Pebble achieved a small degree of popularity in Detroit, parts of Michigan, and northern Indiana during the first half of the 2000s due to the band's folky, pop songs. Influenced by folk rock (most notably the music of Cat Stevens, James Taylor, Jack Johnson, the Beatles and Pete Townshend), Rosetta Pebble play a more pop-oriented variation of folk rock. The band is also commonly classified into the category of acoustic/soft rock." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvester and the Magic Pebble", + [ + "Sylvester and the Magic Pebble is an award-winning children's picture book written and illustrated by William Steig, and published in 1969." + ] + ], + [ + "William Silvers", + [ + "William Silvers (born in New Bremen, Ohio) is an American painter and illustrator, best known for his work in the field of wildlife art." + ] + ], + [ + "William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost", + [ + "William Blake illustrated \"Paradise Lost\" more often than any other work by John Milton, and illustrated Milton's work more often than that of any other writer. The illustrations demonstrate his critical engagement with the text, specifically his efforts to redeem the \"errors\" he perceived in his predecessor's work." + ] + ], + [ + "Gerald Scarfe", + [ + "Gerald Anthony Scarfe, CBE, RDI (born 1 June 1936) is an English cartoonist and illustrator. He has worked as editorial cartoonist for The Sunday Times and illustrator for The New Yorker." + ] + ], + [ + "Rocks, Pebbles and Sand", + [ + "Rocks, Pebbles and Sand is the 1980 album by jazz bass guitarist and multi-instrumentalist Stanley Clarke. This was the first recording where Stanley featured his tenor bass." + ] + ], + [ + "Technodelic", + [ + "Technodelic is the fifth studio album by Yellow Magic Orchestra, released in 1981. The album is notable for its experimental and heavy use of digital samplers which were not commonly used until the mid-to-late 1980s, resulting in a more minimalist sound compared to their previous work." + ] + ], + [ + "Bullet to the Head", + [ + "Bullet to the Head is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Walter Hill. The screenplay by Alessandro Camon was based on the French graphic novel \"Du Plomb Dans La Tête\" written by Matz and illustrated by Colin Wilson. The film stars Sylvester Stallone, Sung Kang, Sarah Shahi, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Christian Slater, and Jason Momoa. Alexandra Milchan, Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and Kevin King-Templeton produced the film. The movie follows a hitman and a cop who are forced to work together to bring down a corrupt businessman and mafia boss after they are targeted by the latter's associates." + ] + ], + [ + "Alfred Waud", + [ + "Alfred Rudolph Waud (wōd) (October 2, 1828 – April 6, 1891) was an American artist and illustrator, born in London, England. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the American Civil War." + ] + ], + [ + "Florence Howell Barkley", + [ + "Florence Howell Barkley (1880-1954) was an American landscape painter and illustrator best known for depictions of seascapes in oil and watercolor and illustrations in many popular newspapers in pen and ink. During this time, she was one of few women who was able to receive formal training in the arts. Although her most well known work was created in 1912 and exhibited in 1913, her career was disrupted by World War I, and thereafter consisted mostly of freelance illustration work." + ] + ], + [ + "Morgan Crofton", + [ + "Morgan Crofton (1826, Dublin, Ireland – 1915, Brighton, England) was an Irish mathematician who contributed to the field of geometric probability theory. He also worked with James Joseph Sylvester and contributed an article on probability to the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Crofton's formula is named in his honour." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall", + [ + "Elizabeth Fearne Bonsall (September 12, 1861 – September 25, 1956) was an American painter and illustrator. She illustrated \"The Book of Cats\" (1903), \"The Book of Dogs\", \"The Pied Piper of Hamelin\" (1927), and other books. She created illustrations for Henry Christopher McCook's \"American Spiders and their Spinningwork\". McCook credits her for making most of the illustrations for the volume. Bonsall also created illustrations for magazines. She won several awards for her works between 1885 and 1897." + ] + ], + [ + "The Polar Express", + [ + "The Polar Express is a children's book written and illustrated by Chris Van Allsburg and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1985. The book is now widely considered to be a classic Christmas story for young children although the point has been challenged. It was praised for its detailed illustrations and calm, relaxing storyline. For the work Van Allsburg won the annual Caldecott Medal for illustration of an American children's picture book in 1986, his second." + ] + ], + [ + "Doctor De Soto", + [ + "Doctor De Soto is a picture book for children written and illustrated by William Steig and first published in 1982. It features a mouse-dentist who must help a fox with a toothache without being eaten." + ] + ], + [ + "Flora Graeca", + [ + "Flora Graeca was a publication of the plants of Greece in the late 18th century, resulting from a survey by John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer. The botanical descriptions and illustrations were to become highly valued by the English audience; the finely crafted and illustrated work was of both scientific and horticultural interest." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__257340_88460_30152_20999", + "question": "How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where Khong Island is found?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Khong Island", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other." + ] + ], + [ + "Tyler Island", + [ + "Tyler Island is a bar island in Kanawha County, West Virginia on the Kanawha River. The island lies within the city boundaries of South Charleston." + ] + ], + [ + "Iceberg Peak", + [ + "Iceberg Peak is a mountain located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Within the boundaries of Strathcona Provincial Park, this peak lies at the south end of Rees Ridge. Mount Celeste lies at the north end of this ridge." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications in Somalia", + [ + "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English." + ] + ], + [ + "Proclamation Island", + [ + "Proclamation Island is a small rocky island west of Cape Batterbee and close east of the Aagaard Islands of Antarctica." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Khong Island", + [ + "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district - wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Jaffna Kingdom", + [ + "The Jaffna Kingdom () (1215–1624 CE), also known as Kingdom of Aryachakravarti, of modern northern Sri Lanka was a historic monarchy that came into existence around the town of Jaffna on the Jaffna peninsula traditionally thought to be established after the invasion of Magha, who is credited with the founding of the Jaffna kingdom and is said to have been from Kalinga, in India. Established as a powerful force in the north, north east and west of the island, it eventually became a tribute paying feudatory of the Pandyan Empire in modern South India in 1258, gaining independence in 1323, when the last Pandyan ruler of Madurai was defeated and expelled in 1323 by Malik Kafur, the army general of the Muslim Delhi Sultanate. For a brief period, in the early to mid-14th century, it was an ascendant power in the island of Sri Lanka when all regional kingdoms accepted subordination. However, the kingdom was eventually overpowered by the rival Kotte Kingdom, around 1450 when it was invaded by Prince Sapumal under the Kotte Kingdom's directive." + ] + ], + [ + "Patani United Liberation Organisation", + [ + "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most - populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "United States dollar", + [ + "The U.S. dollar is fiat money. It is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's most dominant reserve currency. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean: the British Virgin Islands and the Turks and Caicos islands. A few countries use only the U.S. Dollar for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__89403_122023", + "question": "Which university educated the scientist who developed an explanation for the photoelectric effect?", + "answer": "Luitpold Gymnasium", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Albert Einstein", + 0 + ], + [ + "Photoelectric effect", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Mark Adamo", + [ + "Mark Adamo (born 1962) is an American composer, librettist and professor of music composition at New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. He was born in Philadelphia." + ] + ], + [ + "Albert Einstein", + [ + "The Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later." + ] + ], + [ + "St. John's University of Tanzania", + [ + "St John's University of Tanzania (SJUT) is a private university in Dodoma, Tanzania. It was established in 2007 and is owned by the Anglican Church of Tanzania. The university has more than 4500 students and offers degrees in business administration, education, nursing, pharmacy, community development, development studies, holistic child development and theology. The Rt Rev Donald Mtetemela, the former archbishop and primate of Tanzania, is the university’s current chancellor." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary Hicks", + [ + "Mary Hicks is a professor Emeritus at Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida. Mary Ward Hicks taught at Florida State University for 30 years in the Interdivisional Program of Marriage and the Family. Before coming to Florida State University in 1973, Hicks received the award of “Outstanding Educator of America” in 1972. In 1974, in St. Louis, Hicks received the Ernest G. Osborne Teaching Award. Educated at the University of Idaho and the University of California, Hicks received her PhD in Child Development from Pennsylvania State University." + ] + ], + [ + "WWLU", + [ + "WWLU is a non-commercial educational radio station in Lincoln University, Pennsylvania, which is owned and operated by Lincoln University. The station first aired in 1970 as WLIU, and the new callsign came into effect in 2002." + ] + ], + [ + "Photoelectric effect", + [ + "In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1900, while studying black - body radiation, the German physicist Max Planck suggested that the energy carried by electromagnetic waves could only be released in ``packets ''of energy. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper advancing the hypothesis that light energy is carried in discrete quantized packets to explain experimental data from the photoelectric effect. This model contributed to the development of quantum mechanics. In 1914, Robert Millikan's experiment supported Einstein's model of the photoelectric effect. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 for`` his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect'', and Millikan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 for ``his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary Sally Matiella", + [ + "She earned a Regents' Scholarship into the University of Arizona, receiving a B.A. in 1973 and an M.B.A. in 1976. In 2013, she was named the University of Arizona, College of Education Alum of the year." + ] + ], + [ + "Kannur University", + [ + "Kannur University was established in 1996 to provide development of higher education in Kasaragod, Kannur, and Wayanad districts of Kerala, India. It was established after the passing of Act No. 22 of 1996 of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. A university by the name of \"Malabar University\" had come into existence even earlier by the passing of an ordinance by the Governor of Kerala, on 9 November 1995." + ] + ], + [ + "Astronomy Picture of the Day", + [ + "Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) is a website provided by NASA and Michigan Technological University (MTU). According to the website, \"Each day a different image or photograph of our universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development", + [ + "The College of Education and Human Development (CEHD) is one of seventeen colleges and professional schools at the University of Minnesota. CEHD departments are located on both the East Bank and St. Paul campuses." + ] + ], + [ + "Planck constant", + [ + "The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called \"photoelectrons\") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thorough investigation was published by Philipp Lenard in 1902. Einstein's 1905 paper discussing the effect in terms of light quanta would earn him the Nobel Prize in 1921, when his predictions had been confirmed by the experimental work of Robert Andrews Millikan. The Nobel committee awarded the prize for his work on the photo-electric effect, rather than relativity, both because of a bias against purely theoretical physics not grounded in discovery or experiment, and dissent amongst its members as to the actual proof that relativity was real." + ] + ], + [ + "Education", + [ + "Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have indicated that the main obstacles to funding for education include conflicting donor priorities, an immature aid architecture, and a lack of evidence and advocacy for the issue. Additionally, Transparency International has identified corruption in the education sector as a major stumbling block to achieving Universal Primary Education in Africa. Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as foreigners have expected. Indigenous governments are reluctant to take on the ongoing costs involved. There is also economic pressure from some parents, who prefer their children to earn money in the short term rather than work towards the long-term benefits of education.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Kate Bronfenbrenner", + [ + "Kate Bronfenbrenner (March 23, 1954) is the Director of Labor Education Research at the Cornell University School of Industrial and Labor Relations. She is a leading authority on successful strategies in labor union organizing, and on the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on workers and worker rights." + ] + ], + [ + "Planck constant", + [ + "The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum. These proofs are commonly known as the \"ultraviolet catastrophe\", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911. They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) to convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism. The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to \"the theory of radiation and quanta\". Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics \"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated \"Why Avicenna? Avicenna ... was ... noted for his synthesis of knowledge from both east and west. He has had a lasting influence on the development of medicine and health sciences. The use of Avicenna's name symbolises the worldwide partnership that is needed for the promotion of health services of high quality.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Franco-Prussian War", + [ + "In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. According to the military historian Dallas Irvine, the system \"was almost completely effective in excluding the army's brain power from the staff and high command. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Education in the Philippines", + [ + "Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). DepEd is responsible for the K -- 12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013. CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically - oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Institute of technology", + [ + "There are two former institutes of technology, which already changed their name to \"University of Technology\": Rajamangala University of Technology (formerly Institute of Technology and Vocational Education) and King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Thonburi Technology Institute)." + ] + ], + [ + "Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities", + [ + "ACSCU is a founding member of the Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations (COCOPEA). It cooperates with the COCOPEA member associations, namely: the Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP), the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities (PACU), the Philippine Association of Private Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAPSCU), and the Technical-Vocational Schools Association of the Philippines (TEVSAPHIL)." + ] + ], + [ + "University of the Azores", + [ + "The University of the Azores (Portuguese: Universidade dos Açores), or commonly abbreviated as UAç, is the only public university in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, It was founded on January 9, 1976, two years after the Carnation Revolution that ended several decades of dictatorship in Portugal, but before the Portuguese Third Republic was institutionalized, along with the Region's Autonomy. The university is a public institution dependent on the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and was established in order to advance sustainable development and higher education in the Azores." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__852122_150107", + "question": "Who published Communications of the agency that Michael Schroeder is a member of ?", + "answer": "Association for Computing Machinery", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Michael Schroeder", + 0 + ], + [ + "Communications of the ACM", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Michael Schroeder", + [ + "In 2006 ACM SIGSAC presented him with the Outstanding Innovations Award \"for technical contributions to the field of computer and communication security that have had lasting impact in furthering or understanding the theory and/or development of commercial systems.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "The Fireclown", + [ + "The Fireclown (also known as The Winds of Limbo) is the fourth science fiction novel written by Michael Moorcock, published by Compact in 1965." + ] + ], + [ + "The Review of Communication", + [ + "The Review of Communication is a peer-reviewed online academic journal which is published by Routledge for the National Communication Association. It publishes scholarship that advances the discipline of communication through the study of major themes that cross the disciplinary sub-fields. The current editor is Pat J. Gehrke." + ] + ], + [ + "Bruce Davidson (photographer)", + [ + "Bruce Landon Davidson (born September 5, 1933) is an American photographer. He has been a member of the Magnum Photos agency since 1958. His photographs, notably those taken in Harlem, New York City, have been widely exhibited and published. He is known for photographing communities usually hostile to outsiders." + ] + ], + [ + "Dangerous Venture", + [ + "Dangerous Venture is a 1947 American Western film directed by George Archainbaud and written by Doris Schroeder. The film stars William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Rand Brooks, Fritz Leiber, Douglas Evans and Harry Cording. The film was released on May 23, 1947, by United Artists." + ] + ], + [ + "Government Statistical Service", + [ + "The Government Statistical Service (GSS) is the community of all civil servants who work in the collection, production and communication of UK official statistics. It includes not only statisticians, but also economists, social researchers, IT professionals, and secretarial and clerical staff. Members of the GSS work in the Office for National Statistics, most UK Government departments, and the devolved administrations. The GSS publishes around 2,000 sets of statistics each year, as well as providing professional advice and" + ] + ], + [ + "Tinarannosaurus Wrecks", + [ + "\"Tinarannosaurus Wrecks\" is the seventh episode of the third season of the animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\" and the overall 29th episode, and is written by Jon Schroeder and directed by Wes Archer. It aired on Fox in the United States on December 2, 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "The Tree of Seasons", + [ + "The Tree of Seasons is a children's book written by Boyzone member Stephen Gately and published posthumously by Hodder & Stoughton in 2010. It follows the adventures of three siblings - Josh, Michael and Beth Lotts - who are on their summer holidays, and is said to be similar in style to the works of Enid Blyton, C. S. Lewis and Walt Disney." + ] + ], + [ + "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow", + [ + "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (French: Inju, la bête dans l'ombre) is a 2008 film by Barbet Schroeder. The film stars Benoît Magimel and Lika Minamoto and was filmed on location in Tokyo." + ] + ], + [ + "The Last Wolf", + [ + "The Last Wolf is a children's book written by Michael Morpurgo and illustrated by Michael Foreman, published in 2002. It won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize Bronze Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Sinister Journey", + [ + "Sinister Journey is a 1948 American Western film directed by George Archainbaud and written by Doris Schroeder. The film stars William Boyd, Andy Clyde, Rand Brooks, Elaine Riley, John Kellogg and Don Haggerty. The film was released on June 11, 1948, by United Artists." + ] + ], + [ + "Gracie (film)", + [ + "Gracie is a 2007 American sports drama film directed by Davis Guggenheim. It stars Carly Schroeder as Gracie Bowen, Dermot Mulroney as Bryan Bowen, Elisabeth Shue as Lindsay Bowen, Jesse Lee Soffer as Johnny Bowen, and Andrew Shue as Coach Owen Clark." + ] + ], + [ + "Paul W. Schroeder", + [ + "Paul W. Schroeder (born February 23, 1927) is an American historian and professor emeritus of history at the University of Illinois, specializing in late-sixteenth- to twentieth-century European international politics, Central Europe, and the theory of history." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Massey Robinson", + [ + "Michael Massey Robinson (1744 – 22 December 1826) was a poet and author of the first published verse in Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Jaap Schröder", + [ + "Jaap Schröder or Jaap Schroeder (born 31 December 1925 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands) is a Dutch violinist, conductor, and pedagogue." + ] + ], + [ + "The Tin Men", + [ + "The Tin Men is a novel by Michael Frayn, published in 1965. It won the Somerset Maugham Award the following year." + ] + ], + [ + "Kewaskum (town), Wisconsin", + [ + "Kewaskum is a town in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,119 at the 2000 census. The incorporated community of Village of Kewaskum is surrounded geographically by the Town of Kewaskum. The unincorporated community of Saint Michaels is located partially in the town." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications of the ACM", + [ + "Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members." + ] + ], + [ + "Stassi Schroeder", + [ + "Nastassia Bianca Schroeder (born June 24, 1988) is an American television personality, podcast host, fashion blogger, model and author. She is best known for her role on the reality television series \"Vanderpump Rules\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Terry Schroeder", + [ + "Terry Alan Schroeder, DC (born October 9, 1958 in Santa Barbara, California) is an American former water polo player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics, in the 1988 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics. Schroeder is a chiropractor,practicing in Agoura Hills, California. He is a 1986 graduate of Palmer Chiropractic College – West where he met his wife, Lori Schroeder. They have two daughters." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__488811_30110", + "question": "What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area where Erich Zakowski was born?", + "answer": "expelled by the Soviet Union", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "East Prussia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Erich Zakowski", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Humpback whale", + [ + "Females typically breed every two or three years. The gestation period is 11.5 months. The peak months for birth are January, February (northern hemisphere), July and August (southern hemisphere). Females wait for one to two years before breeding again. Recent research on mitochondrial DNA reveals that groups living in proximity to each other may represent distinct breeding pools. Humpback whale births have been rarely observed. One birth witnessed off Madagascar occurred within four minutes." + ] + ], + [ + "Blind Husbands", + [ + "Blind Husbands is a 1919 American drama film directed by Erich von Stroheim. The film is an adaptation of the story \"The Pinnacle\" by Stroheim." + ] + ], + [ + "This Is Us", + [ + "Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016 -- 2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c. 1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8 -- 10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served as settings. Recently, the show has flashed back to follow the lives of newer characters, such as Randall's foster child, Deja. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "East Prussia", + [ + "A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live." + ] + ], + [ + "Christophe Bruno", + [ + "Christophe Bruno was born in 1964 in Bayonne, France. He lives and works in Paris France. He began his artistic activity in 2001, influenced by the net.art movement. His artworks include \"Iterature\", \"Logo.Hallucination\", \"The Google Adwords Happening\" and many other pieces." + ] + ], + [ + "Mikko Erich", + [ + "Michael (Mikko) Wilhelm Erich (6 December 1888, Turku - 28 December 1948) was a Finnish lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland, representing the National Coalition Party from 1919 to 1922 and the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) from 1930 to 1933 and again from 1939 to 1945. He was the younger brother of Rafael Erich." + ] + ], + [ + "South of Fifth", + [ + "During Miami Beach's early days, South of Fifth was a deplorable area that criminals and cast offs called home. It took visionaries and risk takers to believe in the potential of this plot of land. Because of their brave actions in investing in this space, South of Fifth has become a highly desired place to live." + ] + ], + [ + "Fiz Brown", + [ + "Fiz initially appeared as a troubled teenager briefly fostered by Roy (David Neilson) and Hayley Cropper (Julie Hesmondhalgh) at the age of 15. She later started working at the Underworld factory. Fiz was involved in a murder storyline in which her husband John Stape (Graeme Hawley), committed three murders and had Fiz help him bury the bodies. She had to implicate other people in order to cover for John. She gave birth to her daughter Hope prematurely, in the live 50th anniversary episode with McAlpine becoming the first actress to act out a birth live on a soap opera." + ] + ], + [ + "Dr. Erich Salomon Award", + [ + "The Dr. Erich Salomon Award (Dr.-Erich-Salomon-Preis), dedicated to Erich Salomon, is a lifetime achievement award for photojournalists given by the German Society for Photography (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie, DGPh)." + ] + ], + [ + "Northern mockingbird", + [ + "A laboratory observation of 38 mockingbird nestlings and fledglings (thirty - five and three, respectively) recorded the behavioral development of young mockingbirds. Notable milestones included the eyes opening, soft vocalizations, begging, and preening began within the first six days of life. Variation in begging and more compact movements such as perching, fear crouching, and stretching appeared by the ninth day. Wing - flashing, bathing, flight, and leaving the nest happened within seventeen days (nest leaving occurred within 11 to 13 days). Improvements of flight, walking and self - feeding took place within forty days. Agonistic behavior increased during the juvenile stages, to the extent of one of two siblings living in the same area was likely killed by the other." + ] + ], + [ + "East Prussia", + [ + "In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered to be renamed by 16 July 1938 following a decree issued by Gauleiter and Oberpräsident Erich Koch and initiated by Adolf Hitler. Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps and held prisoner there until their death or liberation." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bahamas", + [ + "The Bahamas has an estimated population of 391,232, of which 25.9% are under 14, 67.2% 15 to 64 and 6.9% over 65. It has a population growth rate of 0.925% (2010), with a birth rate of 17.81 / 1,000 population, death rate of 9.35 / 1,000, and net migration rate of − 2.13 migrant (s) / 1,000 population. The infant mortality rate is 23.21 deaths / 1,000 live births. Residents have a life expectancy at birth of 69.87 years: 73.49 years for females, 66.32 years for males. The total fertility rate is 2.0 children born / woman (2010)." + ] + ], + [ + "Guinea-Bissau", + [ + "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Natal del General Santander", + [ + "The Casa Natal del General Santander (lit., \"Birth house of General Santander\") is the birthplace of the Colombian General Francisco de Paula Santander, and is where he lived until the age of 13." + ] + ], + [ + "Red Hook, Brooklyn", + [ + "From the 1920s on, a lot of poor and unemployed Norwegians, mostly former sailors, were living in the area in what they called Ørkenen Sur (``The Bitter Desert '') around places like Hamilton Avenue and Gospel Hill. In 2015 NRK made a documentary about it in Norwegian. There is also an old documentary film about this." + ] + ], + [ + "Smokey and the Bandit", + [ + "The theme music, ``East Bound and Down '', was sung and co-written by Reed (credited under his birth name, Jerry Hubbard) and Dick Feller. It became Reed's signature song and is found on multiple albums, including Country Legends and his live album Jerry Reed: Live Still. In 1991 it was arranged for orchestra by Crafton Beck and recorded by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra for their album Down on the Farm. Several other groups, such as US rock band Tonic, have also covered it. Reed also penned and performed the song for the opening credits, entitled`` The Legend'', which tells of some of The Bandit's escapades prior to the events of the film, and the ballad ``The Bandit '', which features in several versions in the movie and on the soundtrack. Reed's hit notwithstanding, Bill Justis is the first name on the credits for the soundtrack as he composed and arranged original music throughout the film. Musicians such as Beegie Adair and George Tidwell played on the soundtrack as part of long careers in music. Legendary five - string banjo player Bobby Thompson is also heard prominently towards the end of`` East Bound and Down.'' The soundtrack album was released in 1977 on vinyl, cassette and 8 - track through MCA Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Palermo", + [ + "In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy. The current birth rate of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births." + ] + ], + [ + "Gerd Ludwig", + [ + "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist." + ] + ], + [ + "Erich Zakowski", + [ + "Erich Zakowski (born 25 November 1934 in East Prussia) is a German master mechanic, and the founder and longtime head of the Zakspeed racing team." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth Hands", + [ + "Elizabeth Hands (1746–1815) was an English poet. Before the birth of her daughter she worked as a domestic servant for at least one family in Warwickshire, in the area between Rugby and Coventry. By 1785, when her daughter was born, she was married to a blacksmith, from whom she acquired the surname \"Hands\" (her maiden name is unknown). They lived near Rugby." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__622497_160088_821792", + "question": "Who wrote a book about growing up in the same nationality as the man who produced The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch?", + "answer": "Min Zhou", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Aaron Spelling", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch", + 0 + ], + [ + "Growing Up American", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Gospel Bill Show", + [ + "The Gospel Bill Show is a Christian-values based television show that was produced by Willie George Ministries from June 4, 1981 to May 12, 1993. (Later episodes were titled as Adventures in Dry Gulch but featured the same characters and premise.)" + ] + ], + [ + "A Kid for Two Farthings", + [ + "A Kid for Two Farthings is a 1953 novel by the British writer Wolf Mankowitz, based on the author's experiences of growing up within a Jewish community in London's East End." + ] + ], + [ + "Rendezvous at Big Gulch (Terror in the Neighborhood)", + [ + "Rendezvous at Big Gulch (Terror in the Neighborhood) is the fifth episode broadcast (but actually the third episode produced) of the short-lived TV series \"Police Squad!\". The episode was directed by Reza Badiyi and written by Nancy Steen and Neil Thompson. As usual, the episode was produced by Robert K. Weiss." + ] + ], + [ + "Whiskeytown, California", + [ + "Whiskeytown is an unincorporated community in Shasta County, California, United States. The ZIP Code is 96095. The community is inside area code 530. Although once a bustling mining town, there are very few people living in Whiskeytown as of today. The entire town of Whiskeytown was flooded to make way for Whiskeytown Lake in 1962. The ZIP Code of 96095 is now defunct as it has been taken over by ZIP Code 96033 in nearby French Gulch. The town of Whiskeytown is now properly part of French Gulch as the original post office and store (that were moved to higher ground in 1962) closed after 40 years. But Whiskeytown appears on many maps. All that remains is the relocated store, a few residences, mostly occupied by National Recreation Area personnel, and old mines that are above the water level of the lake. Whiskeytown is registered as a California Historical Landmark." + ] + ], + [ + "Sharks' Treasure", + [ + "Sharks' Treasure is a 1975 American adventure film written, produced and directed by Cornel Wilde and starring Cornel Wilde and Yaphet Kotto." + ] + ], + [ + "Coffee", + [ + "Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, however Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third - largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil." + ] + ], + [ + "The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch", + [ + "The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch is a 1912 American short silent Western film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet." + ] + ], + [ + "Built for the Kill", + [ + "Built for the Kill is a nature series made by Granada Wild for the National Geographic Channel. It was produced from 2001–2004, with a total of 31 episodes. Each episode runs for approximately 48 minutes including the credits and opening titles." + ] + ], + [ + "Menstrual cycle", + [ + "The proliferative phase is the second phase of the uterine cycle when estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to grow, or proliferate, during this time. As they mature, the ovarian follicles secrete increasing amounts of estradiol, and estrogen. The estrogens initiate the formation of a new layer of endometrium in the uterus, histologically identified as the proliferative endometrium. The estrogen also stimulates crypts in the cervix to produce fertile cervical mucus, which may be noticed by women practicing fertility awareness." + ] + ], + [ + "Ricky Wilde", + [ + "Ricky Wilde (born Richard James Reginald Steven Smith, 6 November 1961, sometimes credited as Ricki Wilde) is a British songwriter, musician, record producer and brother of singer Kim Wilde, and son of the singer and actor, Marty Wilde." + ] + ], + [ + "Aaron Spelling", + [ + "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999)." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiger reserves of India", + [ + "There are 50 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administrated by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2010 and 2,226 in 2014. The total number of wild tigers has risen to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum." + ] + ], + [ + "Wild Women", + [ + "Wild Women is a 1918 American comedy western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. The film is considered to be lost." + ] + ], + [ + "The Weight of the Nation", + [ + "The Weight of the Nation is a four-part documentary series produced by American cable television network HBO. Addressing the growing obesity epidemic in the United States, it was first aired in May 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "National parks and nature reserves of Israel", + [ + "National parks of Israel are declared historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated and maintained by the National Nature and Parks Authority. As of 2015, Israel maintains more than 400 nature reserves that protect 2,500 species of indigenous wild plants, 20 species of fish, 400 species of birds and 70 species of mammals." + ] + ], + [ + "Women's suffrage", + [ + "Women's political status without the vote was promoted by the National Council of Women of Canada from 1894 to 1918. It promoted a vision of ``transcendent citizenship ''for women. The ballot was not needed, for citizenship was to be exercised through personal influence and moral suasion, through the election of men with strong moral character, and through raising public - spirited sons. The National Council position was integrated into its nation - building program that sought to uphold Canada as a White settler nation. While the women's suffrage movement was important for extending the political rights of White women, it was also authorized through race - based arguments that linked White women's enfranchisement to the need to protect the nation from`` racial degeneration.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Age of Enlightenment", + [ + "The first significant work that expressed scientific theory and knowledge expressly for the laity, in the vernacular, and with the entertainment of readers in mind, was Bernard de Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686). The book was produced specifically for women with an interest in scientific writing and inspired a variety of similar works. These popular works were written in a discursive style, which was laid out much more clearly for the reader than the complicated articles, treatises, and books published by the academies and scientists. Charles Leadbetter's Astronomy (1727) was advertised as \"a Work entirely New\" that would include \"short and easie [sic] Rules and Astronomical Tables.\" The first French introduction to Newtonianism and the Principia was Eléments de la philosophie de Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738. Émilie du Châtelet's translation of the Principia, published after her death in 1756, also helped to spread Newton's theories beyond scientific academies and the university. Francesco Algarotti, writing for a growing female audience, published Il Newtonianism per le dame, which was a tremendously popular work and was translated from Italian into English by Elizabeth Carter. A similar introduction to Newtonianism for women was produced by Henry Pembarton. His A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy was published by subscription. Extant records of subscribers show that women from a wide range of social standings purchased the book, indicating the growing number of scientifically inclined female readers among the middling class. During the Enlightenment, women also began producing popular scientific works themselves. Sarah Trimmer wrote a successful natural history textbook for children titled The Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1782), which was published for many years after in eleven editions." + ] + ], + [ + "Elaine H. Kim", + [ + "Elaine H. Kim is a writer, editor and professor in Asian American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Some of her books are \"Dangerous Women: Gender and Korean Nationalism\" (co-editor with Chungmoo Choi); \"Making More Waves: New Writing by Asian American Women\" (co-editor with Lilia V. Villanueva and Asian Women United of California); and \"East to America: Korean-American Life Stories\" (co-editor with Eui-Young Yu). Kim has also produced several videos about Asian American women." + ] + ], + [ + "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch", + [ + "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast." + ] + ], + [ + "Growing Up American", + [ + "Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States, by Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston III is one of the most influential books on the Vietnamese American experience. Published in 1998 by the Russell Sage Foundation, it is widely used in college classes on international migration, contemporary American history, and Asian Studies. The book emphasizes the role of Vietnamese communities in promoting the adaptation of Vietnamese American young people." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__635099_131926_89261", + "question": "Where does the body of water by the city where Write This Down was formed empty into the Gulf of Mexico?", + "answer": "the Mississippi River Delta", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Write This Down (band)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mississippi River", + 0 + ], + [ + "Minneapolis", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "El Gallito Airstrip", + [ + "El Gallito Airstrip is a privately owned public-use dirt airstrip at Hotel Serenidad, located 2 miles south of Mulegé, Municipality of Mulegé, Baja California Sur, Mexico, just on the Gulf of California coast. The airstrip is used solely for general aviation purposes." + ] + ], + [ + "Wapizagonke Lake", + [ + "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Write This Down (band)", + [ + "Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Mississippi River", + [ + "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana." + ] + ], + [ + "Gulf of Mexico", + [ + "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Minneapolis", + [ + "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city." + ] + ], + [ + "Mamaroneck River", + [ + "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound." + ] + ], + [ + "Mississippi River", + [ + "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth - largest drainage basin (``watershed ''or`` catchment''). The basin covers more than 1,245,000 square miles (3,220,000 km), including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14,440 feet (4,400 m)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedar Bayou", + [ + "Cedar Bayou is a salt water channel on the Texas coast that separates San Jose Island from Matagorda Island. The pass serves as a water exchange between the Gulf of Mexico and the San Antonio, Matagorda and Aransas Bay systems." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaurivage River", + [ + "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake Ainslie", + [ + "Lake Ainslie on Cape Breton Island is the largest natural freshwater lake in Nova Scotia. The Southwest Margaree River starts at the lake and empties into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. The lake is approximately 20 km long and averages 5 km in width." + ] + ], + [ + "Dry Tortugas", + [ + "The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located in the Gulf of Mexico at the end of the Florida Keys, United States, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, the closest islands. Still farther west is the Tortugas Bank, which is submerged. The first Europeans to discover the islands were the Spanish in 1513, led by explorer Juan Ponce de León. The archipelago's name derives from the lack of fresh water springs, and the presence of turtles. They are an unincorporated area of Monroe County, Florida, and belong to the Lower Keys Census County Division. With their surrounding waters, they constitute the Dry Tortugas National Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", + [ + "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River." + ] + ], + [ + "Lanark Village, Florida", + [ + "Lanark Village is an unincorporated community in Franklin County, Florida, United States, located along U.S. 98 on St. James Island, on the Gulf of Mexico." + ] + ], + [ + "Padus Vallis", + [ + "Padus Vallis is a valley in the Memnonia quadrangle on Mars that empties into the Medusa Fossae Formation. It is located at 4.6° S and 150.1° W. It is 46.0 km long and was named for the classical name for modern Po Valley in Italy. Padus Vallis is one of many valleys that empty into the Medusae Fossae Formation." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperial Valley", + [ + "The Imperial Valley extends southward for 50 miles (80 km) from the southern end of the Salton Sea into Mexico. Part of a trough stretching from the Coachella Valley to the Gulf of California, it is almost entirely below sea level -- 235 feet (72 m) below at the edge of the Salton Sea. Its hot desert climate is characterized by daily temperature extremes. It was once part of the Gulf of California, from which it was cut off by the dam - like deposits of the Colorado River Delta Fan as it carved out the Grand Canyon. Bordered by sand dunes and barren mountains, it was uninhabited until 1901, when the Imperial Canal was opened and diverted Colorado River water into the valley through Mexico. Flood - waters in 1905 -- 07 destroyed the irrigation channels and created the Salton Sea now filled by the New River and irrigation run - off. The rivers in the southern part of the Salton Sea river basin flow south to north." + ] + ], + [ + "Valdes Peninsula", + [ + "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals." + ] + ], + [ + "Clearwater River (Quebec)", + [ + "The Clearwater River (in French: Rivière à l'Eau Claire) is a river flowing on the east shore of Lake Guillaume-Delisle (formerly designated \"Richmond Gulf\"), which empties into the Hudson Bay. The \"Clearwater River\" is located in Nunavik, in the west of the Labrador peninsula, in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada. This river drains Clearwater Lake into Lac Guillaume-Delisle." + ] + ], + [ + "Gulf of Mexico", + [ + "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production." + ] + ], + [ + "Colorado River (Texas)", + [ + "Its drainage basin and some of its usually dry tributaries extend into New Mexico. It flows generally southeast from Dawson County through Ballinger, Marble Falls, Austin, Bastrop, Smithville, La Grange, Columbus, Wharton, and Bay City before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__326964_263934_7713", + "question": "How long had the place of birth of Tang Jinhua been the capital city of the Yaxing Coach headquarters location?", + "answer": "about 400 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tang Jinhua", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Porcupine, North Dakota", + [ + "Porcupine is a census-designated place in Sioux County, North Dakota, United States. It lies only a few minutes' drive from the city of Selfridge. The community includes the headquarters of the Selfridge/Porcupine district." + ] + ], + [ + "Lambeau Field", + [ + "Lambeau Field is an outdoor athletic stadium in the north central United States, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The home field of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL), it opened in 1957 as City Stadium, replacing the original City Stadium at East High School as the Packers' home field. Informally known as New City Stadium for its first eight seasons, it was renamed in August 1965 in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau, who had died two months earlier." + ] + ], + [ + "Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh", + [ + "Ghaziabad district (pronounced [ɣaːziːaːˈbaːd̪ ˈzɪlaː]) is a largely suburban district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India of National Capital Region. The city of Ghaziabad is the administrative headquarters of the district. This district is part of Meerut Division. It has become a major bedroom community for Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Tang Siu-tong", + [ + "Tang Siu-tong, SBS, JP (born 26 September 1942 in Hong Kong), was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1992 to 2004. He is also a registered doctor in Yuen Long, Hong Kong." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Catholic Diocese of San Luis", + [ + "The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Luis, is located in the city of San Luis, capital city of San Luis Province in the Cuyo region of Argentina." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Delhi", + [ + "The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang." + ] + ], + [ + "Xexéu", + [ + "Xexéu is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil. It is located in Zona da mata Pernambucana from the state capital Recife." + ] + ], + [ + "John Deere World Headquarters", + [ + "The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7 km²) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for John Deere." + ] + ], + [ + "Changji", + [ + "Changji is a county-level city situated about west of the regional capital, Ürümqi in northern Xinjiang, China, and has about 390,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. At the northeast corner of the modern city are the walls and other archaeological remains of the Tang dynasty city, usually referred to as Ancient Changji." + ] + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + [ + "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Dunbar Hospital", + [ + "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mouloud", + [ + "Mouloud () is a town located in the southern Dikhil region of Djibouti. It is located around 102 kilometers south of the capital, Djibouti City." + ] + ], + [ + "Yang Meng", + [ + "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history." + ] + ], + [ + "Corus Quay", + [ + "Corus Quay, originally named First Waterfront Place, is an eight-storey commercial office tower located on a waterfront site in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building is the first major development planned for the East Bayfront district, and completed construction at the foot of Jarvis Street. Corus Quay is Corus Entertainment's new Toronto headquarters, consolidating its 10 locations and 1,200 employees into one site. The building was being developed by the Toronto Economic Development Corporation (TEDCO), a city agency. Funding for the project came from TEDCO's equity, city loans and a million contribution from the city contributed via Waterfront Toronto." + ] + ], + [ + "List of capitals in Pakistan", + [ + "Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan on 14 August 1967, exactly 20 years after the country's independence. Previously, Rawalpindi was the capital, designated in 1958. The first capital of Pakistan was the coastal city of Karachi, which was selected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Karachi was and still is the largest city and economic capital of Pakistan. It remained the seat of government until 1959, when the military president, Ayub Khan, decided to build a new capital in the north of Pakistan, near the general headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces at Rawalpindi." + ] + ], + [ + "Speed Angels", + [ + "Taxi driver Xiaoyi (Tang Wei) is discovered by a race car coach and becomes a member of the racing team Speed Angels." + ] + ], + [ + "Tang Jinhua", + [ + "Tang Jinhua (; born 8 January 1992 in Nanjing) is a Chinese female badminton doubles player who competes at the highest level for some years now. She won the women's and mixed doubles categories with different partners, Tang graduated from Hunan University." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__31995_24918_24939", + "question": "The leader visiting where Steven Spielberg's grandparents are from met with whom on November 22?", + "answer": "Pope John Paul II", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Jurassic World", + [ + "Jurassic World is a 2015 American science fiction adventure film and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park series, as well as the first film in a planned Jurassic World trilogy. The film was directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow, produced by Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley, and stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard. The production companies were Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment, also responsible for the rest of the Jurassic Park franchise, and Thomas Tull's Legendary Pictures. Set 22 years after the events of Jurassic Park, Jurassic World takes place on the same fictional Central American island of Isla Nublar, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, where a theme park populated with cloned dinosaurs has operated for ten years. The park plunges into chaos when a genetically created dinosaur breaks loose and goes on a rampage across the island." + ] + ], + [ + "Close Encounters of the Third Kind", + [ + "Close Encounters of the Third Kind Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Julia Phillips Michael Phillips Written by Steven Spielberg Starring Richard Dreyfuss Teri Garr Melinda Dillon François Truffaut Music by John Williams Cinematography Vilmos Zsigmond Edited by Michael Kahn Production company EMI Films Distributed by Columbia Pictures Release date November 16, 1977 (1977 - 11 - 16) Running time 135 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $20 million Box office $306.1 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + [ + "Since the mid-1980s, Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer. He headed up the production team for several cartoons, including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!, for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger. Due to his work on these series, in the official titles, most of them say, \"Steven Spielberg presents\" as well as making numerous cameos on the shows. Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features, An American Tail and The Land Before Time, which were released by Universal Studios. He also served as one of the executive producers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and its three related shorts (Tummy Trouble, Roller Coaster Rabbit, Trail Mix-Up), which were all released by Disney, under both the Walt Disney Pictures and the Touchstone Pictures banners. He was furthermore, for a short time, the executive producer of the long-running medical drama ER. In 1989, he brought the concept of The Dig to LucasArts. He contributed to the project from that time until 1995 when the game was released. He also collaborated with software publishers Knowledge Adventure on the multimedia game Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair, which was released in 1996. Spielberg appears, as himself, in the game to direct the player. The Spielberg name provided branding for a Lego Moviemaker kit, the proceeds of which went to the Starbright Foundation." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities." + ] + ], + [ + "Roger Allen LaPorte", + [ + "Roger Allen LaPorte (July 16, 1943 – November 10, 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in New York City on November 9, 1965, to protest the United States involvement in the war. A former seminarian, he was a 22-year-old member of the Catholic Worker Movement at the time of his death." + ] + ], + [ + "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull", + [ + "Unlike the previous Indiana Jones films, Spielberg shot the entire film in the United States, stating he did not want to be away from his family. Shooting began on June 18, 2007, in Deming, New Mexico. An extensive chase scene set at the fictional Marshall College was filmed between June 28 and July 7 at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut (where Spielberg's son Theo was studying). To keep in line with the fact the story takes place in the 1950s, several facades were changed, although signs were put up in between shots to tell the public what the store or restaurant actually was." + ] + ], + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + [ + "Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis." + ] + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + [ + "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko." + ] + ], + [ + "Battlehawks 1942", + [ + "According to the game's designer Lawrence Holland, Chris Roberts told him at an industry conference that he had reverse-engineered \"Battlehawks 1942\" to create the game engine for \"Wing Commander\". Holland said: \"Many years ago, while working at Skywalker ranch on \"Battlehawks 1942\", I overheard two people talking over my shoulder about the game I was working on. Imagine my surprise when I turned around and saw Steven Spielberg and George Lucas discussing it and learning further that Steven Spielberg was playing and enjoying it. He was an early video game convert.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + [ + "According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing \"how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both.\" Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, \"If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Heather O'Rourke", + [ + "Heather O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments." + ] + ], + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + [ + "In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about \"a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension\", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a \"time element\" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan." + ] + ], + [ + "Steven Spielberg", + [ + "Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, \"I met a real heartbreaker last night.\":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his \"bachelor funky\" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: \"I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,\" she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295" + ] + ], + [ + "Susan Backlinie", + [ + "Susan Backlinie (born Susan Jane Swindall on September 1, 1946) is a former actress and stuntwoman. She is known for her role as Chrissie Watkins, the first shark victim in Steven Spielberg's blockbuster Jaws (1975)." + ] + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + [ + "In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Vasyl Stus, Oleksiy Tykhy, and Yuriy Lytvyn. Their remains were reinterred in Baikove Cemetery. On November 26, 1989, a day of prayer and fasting was proclaimed by Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky, thousands of faithful in western Ukraine participated in religious services on the eve of a meeting between Pope John Paul II and Soviet President Gorbachev. On November 28, 1989, the Ukrainian SSR's Council for Religious Affairs issued a decree allowing Ukrainian Catholic congregations to register as legal organizations. The decree was proclaimed on December 1, coinciding with a meeting at the Vatican between the pope and the Soviet president." + ] + ], + [ + "Heather O'Rourke", + [ + "Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments." + ] + ], + [ + "The Post (film)", + [ + "The Post Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Steven Spielberg Kristie Macosko Krieger Amy Pascal Written by Liz Hannah Josh Singer Starring Meryl Streep Tom Hanks Sarah Paulson Bob Odenkirk Tracy Letts Bradley Whitford Bruce Greenwood Matthew Rhys Music by John Williams Cinematography Janusz Kamiński Edited by Michael Kahn Sarah Broshar Production company 20th Century Fox DreamWorks Pictures Amblin Entertainment Participant Media Pascal Pictures Star Thrower Entertainment TSG Entertainment Amblin Partners Distributed by 20th Century Fox (United States) Universal Pictures (International) Release date December 14, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 14) (Newseum) December 22, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 22) (United States) Running time 116 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $50 million Box office $174.5 million" + ] + ], + [ + "The Land Before Time", + [ + "The Land Before Time is a 1988 animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Kathleen Kennedy, and Frank Marshall." + ] + ], + [ + "The Post (film)", + [ + "In October 2016 Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film." + ] + ], + [ + "The Post (film)", + [ + "The Post Theatrical release poster Directed by Steven Spielberg Produced by Steven Spielberg Kristie Macosko Krieger Amy Pascal Written by Liz Hannah Josh Singer Starring Meryl Streep Tom Hanks Sarah Paulson Bob Odenkirk Tracy Letts Bradley Whitford Bruce Greenwood Matthew Rhys Music by John Williams Cinematography Janusz Kamiński Edited by Michael Kahn Sarah Broshar Production company DreamWorks Pictures 20th Century Fox Amblin Entertainment Participant Media Pascal Pictures Star Thrower Entertainment TSG Entertainment Amblin Partners Distributed by 20th Century Fox (United States) Universal Pictures (International) Release date December 14, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 14) (Newseum) December 22, 2017 (2017 - 12 - 22) (United States) Running time 113 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $50 million Box office $168.7 million" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__362912_97805", + "question": "Which was did the operator of the Jurmo class landing craft serve in?", + "answer": "Winter War", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Finnish Navy", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jurmo-class landing craft", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Finnish Navy", + [ + "When the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war." + ] + ], + [ + "Intrépida-class fast attack craft", + [ + "The \"Intrépida\" class is a class of fast attack craft that was built by Lürssen for the Argentine Navy in the early 1970s. The ships are based on Lürssen's TNC 45 design." + ] + ], + [ + "Jurmo-class landing craft", + [ + "The Jurmo-class landing craft is a type of military transport in use by the Finnish Navy. The manufacturer Marine Alutech designates it as Watercat M12." + ] + ], + [ + "HMAS Samuel Benbow", + [ + "HMAS \"Samuel Benbow\" was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1918 by Hall, Russell & Company, Aberdeen. She was a Strath class trawler admiralty design. The ship operated in Australian waters from 1929, and was requisitioned by the RAN and commissioned on 5 September 1940. She was returned to her owners after the war." + ] + ], + [ + "Normandy landings", + [ + "The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of German-occupied France (and later western Europe) from Nazi control, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Chimaera (ARL-33)", + [ + "USS \"Chimaera\" (ARL-33) was one of 39 \"Achelous\"-class landing craft repair ships built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for the Chimaera (a mythological character, symbolic of the destructive forces of nature), she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name." + ] + ], + [ + "Occupational therapy", + [ + "The Arts and Crafts movement that took place between 1860 and 1910 also impacted occupational therapy. In the US, a recently industrialized country, the arts and crafts societies emerged against the monotony and lost autonomy of factory work. Arts and crafts were used as a way of promoting learning through doing, provided a creative outlet, and served as a way to avoid boredom during long hospital stays." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Fairview", + [ + "USS \"Fairview\" (EPCER-850) was a United States Navy \"PCE(R)-848\"-class Patrol Craft Escort (Rescue), in commission from April 1944 to May 1968. She was present at the surrender of Japan in Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "HMS Speedy (1782)", + [ + "HMS \"Speedy\" was a 14-gun \"Speedy\"-class brig of the British Royal Navy. Built during the last years of the American War of Independence, she served with distinction during the French Revolutionary Wars." + ] + ], + [ + "HMAS Vendetta (D08)", + [ + "HMAS \"Vendetta\" was one of three \"Daring\" class destroyers built for and operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The destroyer was built by Williamstown Naval Dockyard and entered service in 1958. During her early career, \"Vendetta\" was deployed to the Far East Strategic Reserve on multiple occasions. In 1965 and 1966, the destroyer undertook deterrence patrols during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation. Along with several runs escorting the troop transport to Vietnam, from late 1969 to early 1970 \"Vendetta\" was assigned to combat operations, and became the only Australian-built warship to serve in a shore bombardment role during the Vietnam War." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Rhodes (DE-384)", + [ + "USS \"Rhodes\" (DE-384) was an \"Edsall\"-class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and provided destroyer escort protection against submarine and air attack for Navy vessels and convoys. Post-war she served the Navy as a radar picket ship." + ] + ], + [ + "Above Us the Waves", + [ + "Above Us the Waves is a 1955 British war film directed by Ralph Thomas, about human torpedo and midget submarine attacks on the German battleship \"Tirpitz\". It is based on two true-life attacks on the \"Tirpitz\" by British commando frogmen, first using Chariot manned torpedoes in Operation Title in 1942, and then X-Craft midget submarines in Operation Source in 1943. Some of the original equipment was used in the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Selwyn Jepson", + [ + "Jepson was educated at St Paul's School, London and the Sorbonne. He served in the Tank Corps during World War I and in the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "Aircraft carrier", + [ + "Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as \"commando carriers\" or \"helicopter carriers\", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft." + ] + ], + [ + "Albion-class landing platform dock", + [ + "The \"Albion\"-class landing platform dock is a class of amphibious assault ship in service with the Royal Navy. The class consists of two vessels, and , ordered in 1996 to replace the ageing . Both ships were built by BAE Systems Marine at the former Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering yard in Barrow-in-Furness. \"Albion\" was commissioned in 2003 and \"Bulwark\" in 2004. Each of the ships has a crew of 325 and can accommodate up to 405 troops. Thirty-one large trucks and thirty-six smaller vehicles and main battle tanks can be carried inside the vehicle deck. To disembark troops and vehicles, the vessels are equipped with eight landing craft." + ] + ], + [ + "Aircraft carrier", + [ + "The British Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three Invincible-class carriers. The ships will be named HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft in peace time with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. The ships are due to become operational from 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1,600 when the air group is embarked. Defensive weapons will include the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System for anti-aircraft and anti-missile defence; also 30 mm Automated Small Calibre Guns and miniguns for use against fast attack craft. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Catbird (AM-68)", + [ + "USS \"Catbird\" (AM-68) was the lead ship of her class of two naval trawlers, which were operated as minesweepers by the United States Navy during World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "Allied invasion of Italy", + [ + "The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group (comprising General Mark W. Clark's Fifth Army and General Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army) and followed the successful invasion of Sicily. The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria (Operation Baytown) and Taranto (Operation Slapstick)." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Brooklyn (CL-40)", + [ + "USS \"Brooklyn\" (CL-40) was a light cruiser, the lead ship of her class of seven, and the third United States Navy ship to bear its name. Commissioned in 1937, she served in the Atlantic during World War II, as a convoy escort and as fire support for amphibious landings." + ] + ], + [ + "Philippine Navy", + [ + "Philippine Navy Hukbong Dagat ng Pilipinas Seal of the Philippine Navy Founded May 20, 1898; 120 years ago (1898 - 05 - 20) Country Philippines Type Navy Size 24,000 active personnel (including 7,500 marines) 15,000 Reserve Personnel Part of Armed Forces of the Philippines Headquarters Naval Station Jose Andrada, City of Manila Ships 3 frigates (+ 2 for acquisition) 10 corvettes (+ 1 for delivery) 2 landing platform dock 4 landing support ships 10 heavy landing crafts 35 patrol craft 9 Fast assault craft 1 oceanographic research ship Engagements Philippine Revolution Spanish -- American War Philippine -- American War World War II Communist Insurgencies Moro conflict Spratly Islands Dispute Scarborough Shoal standoff Website www.navy.mil.ph Commanders Commander - in - Chief President Rodrigo Roa Duterte Secretary of National Defense Delfin Lorenzana Chief of Staff Gen. Carlito Galvez Jr., AFP Flag Officer in - Command VADM Robert Empedrad, PN Insignia Pennant Jack Flag Patch Aircraft flown Helicopter AgustaWestland AW109 Power, AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat, MBB Bo 105C, Robinson R22 Patrol BN - 2 Islander, Beechcraft King Air, Cessna 172" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__66167_72467", + "question": "Where did the player who scored the most points in a NBA season go in the NBA Draft?", + "answer": "Seattle SuperSonics", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + 0 + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2017–18 NBA season", + [ + "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Donatas Motiejūnas", + [ + "Donatas Motiejūnas (; born September 20, 1990) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association (NBA). He was drafted 20th overall in the 2011 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves before going on to win the 2012 Polish Basketball League championship with Asseco Prokom Gdynia. After spending four seasons with the Houston Rockets from 2012 to 2016, Motiejūnas joined the New Orleans Pelicans in January 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "NBA high school draftees", + [ + "There have been 44 high school draftees in the NBA Draft. Three draftees were selected first overall; Kwame Brown in 2001 NBA draft, LeBron James in 2003 and Dwight Howard in 2004 NBA draft. Two draftees went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in their first season; LeBron James and 2002 draftee Amar'e Stoudemire. Three draftees went on to win the Most Valuable Player Award; Kevin Garnett in 2004, Kobe Bryant in 2008 and LeBron James in 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013. Ten draftees have been selected to the All - Star Game while seven draftees have been selected to the All - NBA Team." + ] + ], + [ + "Dwyane Wade", + [ + "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/ dweɪn / dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ``Redeem Team '', in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008 -- 09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 11⁄2 seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12 - time NBA All - Star, Wade is Miami's all - time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken." + ] + ], + [ + "1955 NBA draft", + [ + "The 1955 NBA draft was the ninth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 13, 1955, before the 1955–56 season. In this draft, eight remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The Milwaukee Hawks participated in the draft, but relocated to St. Louis, Missouri, and became the St. Louis Hawks prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 15 rounds comprising 96 players selected." + ] + ], + [ + "1950 NBA draft", + [ + "The 1950 NBA draft was the fourth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is the first draft after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was renamed the NBA. The draft was held on April 25, 1950, before the 1950–51 season. In this draft, 12 remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The Chicago Stags participated in the draft but folded prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 121 players selected." + ] + ], + [ + "Matt Barnes", + [ + "Matt Kelly Barnes (born March 9, 1980) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Barnes was drafted in the second round of the 2002 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in his last season with the league in 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "Jim Farmer", + [ + "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden." + ] + ], + [ + "Wardell Jackson", + [ + "Wardell Jackson (born July 18, 1951 in Yazoo City, Mississippi) is a retired professional basketball small forward who played one season in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Seattle SuperSonics during the 1974–75 season. He attended Ohio State University where he was drafted by the Sonics during the sixth round of the 1974 NBA draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Kenny Satterfield", + [ + "Kenneth Alexander Satterfield (born April 10, 1981) is an American professional basketball player, formerly in the NBA. He played for the Cincinnati Bearcats beginning in 1999. In 2001, after a successful sophomore season, he bolted for the NBA, being drafted 53rd overall (2nd round) by the Dallas Mavericks of the 2001 NBA draft. He played for the Denver Nuggets (2001–2002) and the Philadelphia 76ers (December 2002 – 2003)." + ] + ], + [ + "James Bailey (basketball)", + [ + "James L. Bailey (born May 21, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'9\" (2.06 m) forward/center from Rutgers University, he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Nicknamed \"Jammin' James,\" he spent 9 seasons (1979–1988) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets, Houston Rockets, New York Knicks, and Phoenix Suns. He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points." + ] + ], + [ + "James Young (basketball)", + [ + "James Young (born August 16, 1995) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Wisconsin Herd of the NBA G League. He played one season of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats before being selected with the 17th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Boston Celtics. He spent the majority of his rookie NBA season playing in the NBA Development League for the Celtics' affiliate team, the Maine Red Claws." + ] + ], + [ + "2017–18 NBA season", + [ + "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Jeryl Sasser", + [ + "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season." + ] + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + [ + "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Frank Kudelka", + [ + "Frank Carl Kudelka (June 25, 1925 - May 4, 1993), nicknamed Apples, was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. In his first two years at Saint Mary's College of California, Kudelka averaged 18.1 points per game. Once the shotclock was introduced to college basketball in his junior season, Frank averaged 20.4 points per game. He was the nation's fourth leading scorer. As a senior at Saint Mary's, Frank averaged 16.2 points per game. He was also named an All-American basketball player by the Helms Foundation after his senior season. Frank made his NBA debut in the 1949-50 NBA season for the Chicago Stags. In his first NBA season, Frank averaged 6.7 points and 2.0 assists per game. Frank played four seasons in the NBA with the Stags, Washington Capitols, Boston Celtics, Baltimore Bullets and Philadelphia Warriors. In his NBA career, Frank averaged 7.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game." + ] + ], + [ + "Albert Burditt", + [ + "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)", + [ + "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__161602_474028_88460_21063", + "question": "There exists a country A that forms a boundary between the host of the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship and the country containing the village of A Don. What is the business that began trading stocks in the winter of 2014 in country A?", + "answer": "Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A Don", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Li Jiaman", + [ + "Li Jiaman (born 18 August 1997) is a Chinese archer, who participated in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. She was the sole representative of the host-country China in the archery competition." + ] + ], + [ + "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", + [ + "The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 14 and 25 February 2018. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the three others took part in a qualification tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "2015 Copa América", + [ + "Originally, it was to be hosted by Brazil, as suggested by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) in February 2011 due to CONMEBOL's rotation policy of tournaments being held in alphabetical order. However, due to the organization of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics in that country, Brazil decided against also hosting the Copa América. CONMEBOL’s president Nicolas Leoz had mentioned the possibility of the tournament being organized in Mexico (despite this country not being a member of CONMEBOL) as part of the federation's centenary celebrations. Brazil and Chile's Football Federations discussed the idea of swapping around the order of being hosts of the 2015 and 2019 tournaments. The swap was made official in May 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Moel Famau", + [ + "Moel Famau (or Moel Fama) is the highest hill within the Clwydian Range, formerly Flintshire Range, on the boundary between Denbighshire and Flintshire in Wales. The hill, which also gives its name to the Moel Famau country park, has been classed as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty since 1985. It is also surrounded by several well-preserved Iron Age hill forts." + ] + ], + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match having been played only four years earlier. However, a separate Women's Cricket World Cup had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a tournament involving multiple international teams had been held as early as 1912, when a triangular tournament of Test matches was played between Australia, England and South Africa. The first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an unofficial rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "A Don", + [ + "A Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "Churfirsten", + [ + "Churfirsten is a mountain range in the Canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. They form the natural boundary between the canton's Toggenburg and Sarganserland districts." + ] + ], + [ + "Fortunian", + [ + "The type locality (GSSP) of the Fortunian stage is in Fortune Head, at the northern edge of the Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada (). This GSSP coincides with the beginning of the Terreneuvian series, the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and the beginning of the Phanerozoic. The outcrops show a carbonate-siliciclastic succession which is mapped as the Chapel Island Formation. The formation is divided into the following members that are composed of peritidal sandstones and shales (Member 1), muddy deltaic and shelf sandstones and mudstones (Member 2A), laminated siltstones (Member 2B and 3) and mudstones and limestones of the inner shelf (Member 4). The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary lies 2.4 m above the base of the 2nd member which is the lowest occurrence of \"Treptichnus pedum\". The traces can be seen on the lower surface of the sandstone layers. The first calcareous shelled skeletal fossils \"(Ladatheca cylindrica)\" is 400 m above the boundary. The first trilobites appear 1400 m above the boundary which corresponds to the beginning of the Branchian Series." + ] + ], + [ + "Before the Bell", + [ + "Before the Bell is a morning business news talk show aired weekdays from 5:30 to 6AM ET on CNBC until c. 1999. Hosted by Felicia Taylor." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships", + [ + "2017 IIHF World U20 Championships Tournament details Host country Canada Dates December 26, 2016 -- January 5, 2017 Teams 10 Venue (s) Centre Bell, Montreal Air Canada Centre, Toronto (in 2 host cities) Final positions Champions United States (4th title) Runner - up Canada Third place Russia Fourth place Sweden Tournament statistics Matches played 30 Goals scored 183 (6.1 per match) Attendance 257,882 (8,596 per match) Scoring leader (s) Kirill Kaprizov (12 points) MVP Thomas Chabot Website http://www.worldjunior2017.com ← 2016 2018 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Chechidla Range", + [ + "The Chechidla Range is a mountain range in northernwestern British Columbia, Canada, located about west of Dease Lake and 125–150 km south-southeast of Atlin. It has an area of 3236 km and lies roughly in between the Whiting and Sutlahine Rivers on the west and northwest and the Samotua and Sheslay on the east. It is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains of the Pacific Cordillera mountain system. The Whiting River has its source in the range. The range's name is an approximation of a phrase in the Tahltan language meaning \"mountains of small rocks\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "Sri Lanka as a co-host of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was the first host to win the tournament though the final was held in Pakistan. India won in 2011 as host and was the first team to win in a final played in their own country. Australia repeated the feat in 2015. England is the only other host to have made the final, in 1979. Other countries which have achieved or equalled their best World Cup results while co-hosting the tournament are New Zealand as finalists in 2015; Zimbabwe who reached the Super Six in 2003; and Kenya as semi-finalists in 2003. In 1987, co-hosts India and Pakistan both reached the semi-finals, but were eliminated by Australia and England respectively. Australia in 1992, England in 1999, South Africa in 2003, and Bangladesh in 2011 have been the host teams that were eliminated in the first round." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + [ + "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Winter Olympics", + [ + "The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (Korean: 제 23 회동계올림픽, translit. Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Nagano (1998), both in Japan. It was also the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, the other two being the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing." + ] + ], + [ + "Bell Berghuis", + [ + "Bell Berghuis (born 13 April 1985, Zürich) is a Dutch snowboarder. She has represented the Netherlands at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi." + ] + ], + [ + "Russia at the Olympics", + [ + "The Russian Olympic Committee was created in 1991 and recognized in 1993. The Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and the Russian Federation hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar Investment Co., Ltd. (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__796649_720914_27537", + "question": "Why did Roncalli leave the city where the creator of Flora died?", + "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Pope John XXIII", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Flora (Titian)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "A Dog's Purpose (film)", + [ + "His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961. Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick - up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey." + ] + ], + [ + "Mortu Nega", + [ + "Mortu Nega (English: \"Death Denied\" or \"Those Whom Death Refused\") is a 1988 historic film by Flora Gomes, a director from Guinea-Bissau. \"Mortu Nega\" was Gomes' first feature-length film. This is the first docufiction, more precisely the first ethnofiction, from his country that shows, in an expressive and touching way, the experiences of the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. This film blends contemporary history with mythology, in this case African mythology. \"Mortu Nega\" was the first film produced in independent Guinea-Bissau. Its world premiere was at the Venice Film Festival on August 29, 1988." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Osijek", + [ + "The Battle of Osijek () was the artillery bombardment of the Croatian city of Osijek by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) which took place from August 1991 to June 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence. Shelling peaked in late November and December 1991, then diminished in 1992 after the Vance plan was accepted by the combatants. Airstrikes and attacks by JNA infantry and armored units against targets in the city accompanied the bombardment, which caused approximately 800 deaths and resulted in a large portion of the city's population leaving. Croatian sources estimated that 6,000 artillery shells were fired against Osijek over the period." + ] + ], + [ + "Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov", + [ + "Until his death in 1945, he was senior editor of the \"Flora SSSR\" (Flora of the U.S.S.R.), in full comprising 30 volumes published between 1934–1960. He was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1914 and its full member in 1920. He served as President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1936-1945." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope John XXIII", + [ + "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary Katharine Brandegee", + [ + "Mary Katharine \"Kate\" Brandegee (October 28, 1844 – April 3, 1920) was an American botanist known for her comprehensive studies of flora in California." + ] + ], + [ + "Jacques Huber", + [ + "Jacques Huber (13 October 1867 Schleitheim – 18 February 1914 Belém) was a Swiss-Brazilian botanist who did pioneering work on the flora of the Amazon from 1895 until his death. He created and organized the herbarium and arboretum in Belém, Brazil, and was director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi from 1907 until he died." + ] + ], + [ + "Jack London", + [ + "Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth and youngest child of Pennsylvania Canal builder Marshall Wellman and his first wife, Eleanor Garrett Jones. Marshall Wellman was descended from Thomas Wellman, an early Puritan settler in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Flora left Ohio and moved to the Pacific coast when her father remarried after her mother died. In San Francisco, Flora worked as a music teacher and spiritualist, claiming to channel the spirit of a Sauk chief, Black Hawk.Biographer Clarice Stasz and others believe London's father was astrologer William Chaney. Flora Wellman was living with Chaney in San Francisco when she became pregnant. Whether Wellman and Chaney were legally married is unknown. Most San Francisco civil records were destroyed by the extensive fires that followed the 1906 earthquake; nobody knows what name appeared on her son's birth certificate. Stasz notes that in his memoirs, Chaney refers to London's mother Flora Wellman as having been his \"wife\"; he also cites an advertisement in which Flora called herself \"Florence Wellman Chaney\".According to Flora Wellman's account, as recorded in the San Francisco Chronicle of June 4, 1875, Chaney demanded that she have an abortion. When she refused, he disclaimed responsibility for the child. In desperation, she shot herself. She was not seriously wounded, but she was temporarily deranged. After giving birth, Flora turned the baby over for care to Virginia Prentiss, an African-American woman and former slave. She was a major maternal figure throughout London's life. Late in 1876, Flora Wellman married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, and brought her baby John, later known as Jack, to live with the newly married couple. The family moved around the San Francisco Bay Area before settling in Oakland, where London completed public grade school." + ] + ], + [ + "List of American Horror Story: Roanoke characters", + [ + "Cricket Marlowe (portrayed by Leslie Jordan in My Roanoke Nightmare) is a famous medium who assists Lee in finding her lost daughter, Flora. Hailing from New Orleans, Cricket has assisted on several missing persons cases with the FBI who first discovered his gift when he was nine and found keys for his grandmother. After intercepting that there was a lost child on Roanoke Island, Cricket arrives at Shelby, Lee, and Matt's home, offering his assistance in the search for Flora. While Lee initially was n't convinced Cricket could be of any use, she is persuaded of his abilities when he correctly identifies the place in her her and Lee found Flora when she was hiding, as well as identifying Priscilla, an entity in which Flora had been in contact with, of which nobody knew what it was. He summons the Butcher to learn of Flora's whereabouts, and is informed that she is being hidden by Priscilla so the Butcher wo n't kill her. He offers to bring Lee to her daughter, but only for $25,000, causing an enraged Matt evicts him from their property, accusing him of being a fraud. In an attempt to prove he is n't, he displays knowledge of Lee's oldest daughter, Emily. Lee continues to seek his services, and has him negotiate the return of Flora. He makes a deal with the Butcher that Flora will be returned if they move out of the house. While taking an Uber back to his hotel, he sees Flora run across the road. He abandons the Uber and pursues her in the woods, but is captured by the Butcher and her acolytes, and is killed and disemboweled for their first sacrifice." + ] + ], + [ + "Flora Shaw, Lady Lugard", + [ + "Flora Louise Shaw, DBE (born 19 December 1852 -- 25 January 1929), was a British journalist and writer. She is credited with having coined the name ``Nigeria ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope John XXIII", + [ + "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff." + ] + ], + [ + "Reinhold Conrad Muschler", + [ + "Reinhold Conrad Muschler aka Reno Muschler (9 August 1882 Berlin – 10 December 1957 Berlin), was a German botanist, explorer and writer, who worked on the taxonomy of North African flora. He travelled extensively with Ernest Friedrich Gilg (1867–1933) and carried out a revision of the flora of Patagonia. His parents were both well-known singers at the Court Opera in Berlin." + ] + ], + [ + "Flora (Titian)", + [ + "Flora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Conroy, and despised \"that odious Lady Flora\", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as \"Mrs. Melbourne\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Adrift on Life's Tide", + [ + "Adrift on Life's Tide is a 1913 British silent drama film directed by Warwick Buckland and starring Alma Taylor, Flora Morris and Harry Royston." + ] + ], + [ + "Flora, Louisiana", + [ + "Flora is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States. It is located near the intersection of Louisiana highways 120 and 478, south of Natchitoches." + ] + ], + [ + "Egypt", + [ + "The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery." + ] + ], + [ + "Flora L. Thornton", + [ + "Flora Laney Thornton (November 1, 1913 – May 7, 2010) was an American Broadway actress and philanthropist from Los Angeles, California." + ] + ], + [ + "Vitor Coutinho Flora", + [ + "Vitor Coutinho Flora, known as Vitor Flora (born 21 February 1990 São Joaquim da Barra) is a Brazilian footballer, who plays as a striker and attacking midfielder for Araguaia Atlético Clube." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__326964_851134_7713", + "question": "How long had Pfrang Association's headquarters location been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location?", + "answer": "about 400 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pfrang Association", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Place du Colonel Fabien", + [ + "The headquarters of the French Communist Party, designed by the Brazilian communist and utilitarian architect Oscar Niemeyer is located here, as is a station of the Paris Métro. Nearby is the former location of the medieval Gibbet of Montfaucon, a multi-tiered gibbet that was for most of its history outside Paris' city walls." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning." + ] + ], + [ + "Aerotech Consumer Aerospace", + [ + "The company's headquarters are located in Cedar City, Utah and its products are sold mainly through US and international dealers. They specialize in APCP mid and high power rocket motors, as well as supplying rocket kits designed around their motors." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning." + ] + ], + [ + "Alamnagar", + [ + "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter." + ] + ], + [ + "Quán Sứ Temple", + [ + "Quán Sứ Temple (, is a Buddhist temple located at 73 Quan Su Street, Hanoi, Vietnam. The temple is the headquarters of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Dharwad", + [ + "Dharwad is the district headquarters of Dharwad district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was merged with the city of Hubballi in 1961 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 200.23 km² and is located 430 km northwest of Bengaluru, on NH-48, between Bengaluru and Pune." + ] + ], + [ + "General Electric", + [ + "GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Around", + [ + "\"Love Around\" was filmed entirely on location in Taiwan. Asia FM 92.7, the radio station depicted in the drama is an actual free to air radio station in Taiwan with its headquarters and broadcasting station in Taoyuan City, Taoyuan County. The building and set used in the drama to depict the radio station is actually an office building located at 257 Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City, which is only a few blocks from Sanlih's broadcasting headquarters in the Neihu District of Taipei. The resort that Zhou Zhen owns is the former \"Leo Ocean Resort\" now called \"EHR Hotels & Resorts Yilan\", located in Yilan County. The homes of both main lead characters are located in the newly developed area of Danshui District New Taipei City." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang." + ] + ], + [ + "John Deere World Headquarters", + [ + "The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7 km²) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for John Deere." + ] + ], + [ + "Jamnagar district", + [ + "Jamnagar District is a district of India located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat. Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. It hosts the production facilities of several large Indian companies such as Reliance and Essar. Among its attractions are several palaces, a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary, known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary." + ] + ], + [ + "Pfrang Association", + [ + "Pfrang Association (also known as Pfrang) is a charitable organization based in Nanjing, China which raises money to assist with the education of children in the poor and rural regions of Jiangsu Province. Its aim is to help overcome social inequality and as a result break the cycle of lack of education, poverty, and crime." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Bermillo de Sayago", + [ + "Bermillo de Sayago () is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,259 inhabitants. It works as the territorial capital of Sayago, leading this comarca but with no official status. Its central position and the fact of a clearly higher population have given the town this role. Furthermore, the municipalities association \"Sayagua\" has its headquarters in Bermillo. This organization is a \"mancomunidad\" that supplies services like recycling or water through the \"comarca\" of Sayago that could not be afforded by the so-little towns in the area." + ] + ], + [ + "Jimmy John's", + [ + "Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC Type Privately held company Founded 1983; 34 years ago (1983) Founder Jimmy John Liautaud Headquarters Champaign, Illinois, United States Number of locations 2,630 (December 2016) Key people James North (CEO) Owner Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group Website jimmyjohns.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + [ + "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__401710_456439", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the producer of Dolores Claiborne?", + "answer": "Helen Mirren", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dolores Claiborne (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Love Ranch", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Milan, New Orleans", + [ + "Milan is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. A sub-district of the Central City/Garden District Area, its boundaries as defined by the City Planning Commission are: South Claiborne Avenue to the north, Toledano Street and Louisiana Avenue to the east, St. Charles Avenue to the south, and Napoleon Avenue to the west." + ] + ], + [ + "Gallant Fox", + [ + "Gallant Fox, a bay horse with a white blaze, was foaled at Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, and was one of many leading American racehorses sired by the French-bred stallion Sir Gallahad III. His dam was the mare Marguerite, who also produced Gallant Fox's full brother Fighting Fox, whose wins included the Grand Union Hotel Stakes, the Wood Memorial Stakes, and the Carter Handicap. Owned by the Belair Stud of Collington, Maryland, Gallant Fox was trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons and ridden in his major victories by Earl Sande." + ] + ], + [ + "María Dolores Ortega Tzitzihua", + [ + "María Dolores Lucía Ortega Tzitzihua (born 15 September 1956) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Veracruz." + ] + ], + [ + "Ellen Dickson", + [ + "Ellen Dickson (18194 July 1878) was an English composer who also used the pseudonym Dolores Dickson. She was born in Woolwich, England and died in Lyndhurst, England." + ] + ], + [ + "The Soldiers of Pancho Villa", + [ + "The Soldiers of Pancho Villa () is a 1959 Mexican epic historical drama film co-written, produced, and directed by Ismael Rodríguez, inspired by the popular Mexican Revolution corrido \"La Cucaracha\". It stars María Félix and Dolores del Río in the lead roles, and features Emilio Fernández, Antonio Aguilar, Flor Silvestre, and Pedro Armendáriz in supporting roles." + ] + ], + [ + "Waiting for the Messiah", + [ + "Waiting for the Messiah () is a 2000 Argentine, Spanish, and Italian comedy drama film directed by Daniel Burman. The film features Daniel Hendler, Enrique Piñeyro, Héctor Alterio, Melina Petriella, Stefania Sandrelli, Imanol Arias and Dolores Fonzi, among others." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores, Colorado", + [ + "The Town of Dolores is a Statutory Town in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 936 at the 2010 census. It is one of three incorporated municipalities in the county." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores, Tolima", + [ + "Dolores is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 9,680 as of the 1993 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores Claiborne (film)", + [ + "Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American psychological thriller drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Kathy Bates, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and David Strathairn. It is based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King. The plot focuses on the strained relationship between a mother and her daughter, largely told through flashbacks, after her daughter arrives to her remote hometown on a Maine island where her mother has been accused of murdering the elderly woman for whom she cared." + ] + ], + [ + "Millard Webb", + [ + "Millard Webb (6 December 1893 – 21 April 1935), was an American screenwriter and director. He directed 20 films between 1920 and 1933. His best-known film is the 1926 silent John Barrymore adventure \"The Sea Beast\", a version of \"Moby Dick\", costarring Dolores Costello. Webb also directed the early sound Florenz Ziegfeld produced talkie \"Glorifying the American Girl\" released by Paramount in 1929. In 1927 he directed \"Naughty But Nice\", produced by John McCormick and First National Pictures. His active years were from 1916 to 1933." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Ranch", + [ + "Love Ranch is a 2010 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Helen Mirren, Joe Pesci, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Gina Gershon and Bryan Cranston. It was written by ." + ] + ], + [ + "Clement Claiborne Clay", + [ + "Clement Claiborne Clay (December 13, 1816 – January 3, 1882), also known as C. C. Clay, Jr., was a United States Senator (Democrat) from the state of Alabama from 1853 to 1861, and a Confederate States Senator from Alabama from 1862 to 1864. His portrait appeared on the Confederate one-dollar note (4th issue and later)." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur B. Hancock", + [ + "Arthur Boyd Hancock (June 26, 1875 - April 1, 1957) was an American breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses who established the renowned Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky." + ] + ], + [ + "Ordinary Day (Dolores O'Riordan song)", + [ + "\"Ordinary Day\" is the lead single taken from Dolores O'Riordan's debut album, \"Are You Listening?\". The single was the most added AAA track on US radio stations. The single peaked at number two in Italy, number 1 in Croatia and number 10 in Lebanon." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores River", + [ + "The Dolores River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately long, in the U.S. states of Colorado and Utah. The river drains a rugged and arid region of the Colorado Plateau west of the San Juan Mountains. Its name derives from the Spanish \"El Rio de Nuestra Señora de Dolores\", River of Our Lady of Sorrows. The river was explored and possibly named by Juan Maria Antonio Rivera during a 1765 expedition from Santa Fe." + ] + ], + [ + "Pamela Adlon", + [ + "Pamela Fionna Adlon (née Segall; born July 9, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, screenwriter, producer, and director. Adlon voiced Bobby Hill on King of the Hill, for which she won an Emmy Award, and the title character from the Pajama Sam video games. She is also known for playing Dolores in Grease 2 and Ashley Spinelli on the animated series Recess, and for her appearances on Californication and Louie, on which she is also a consulting producer. Adlon currently stars in and writes the FX comedy television series Better Things, which has won a Peabody Award, which she co-created with Louis C.K." + ] + ], + [ + "María Cabrera Muñoz", + [ + "María Dolores Patricia Cabrera Muñoz (born 7 May 1952) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. In 2012 she served as Deputy of the LXI Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Coahuila." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores River Canyon", + [ + "The Dolores River Canyon is located in southwestern Colorado, USA, west of the town of Naturita and north of the town of Dove Creek." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores mine", + [ + "The Dolores mine is a large silver mine located in the north of Mexico in Chihuahua. Dolores represents one of the largest silver reserve in Mexico and in the world having estimated reserves of 75.9 million oz of silver." + ] + ], + [ + "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann", + [ + "Dolores Zohrab Liebmann (January 13, 1896 in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire – September 15, 1991 in New York City, US) was an American philanthropist of Armenian descent born in the Ottoman Empire. She established the Dolores Zohrab Liebmann Fund, which distributes fellowships to graduate students." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__35137_22932", + "question": "Which interpretation of the work of the writer of The Canon of Medicine was taught more in Islamic schools?", + "answer": "al-Razi", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Muslim world", + 0 + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Michael A. Barry", + [ + "Michael A. Barry (born 1948, in New York) is a Princeton University professor and historian of the greater Middle East and Islamic world. Since 2004 he has taught as Lecturer in Islamic Culture in Princeton's Department of Near Eastern Studies, in addition to serving as consultative chairman of the Department of Islamic Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (2005-2009) and special consultant to the Aga Khan Trust for Culture since 2009. An established authority on Islamic art and the history and culture of Afghanistan, on which subjects he has written extensively in both French and English, Barry's works include a standard French-language history of Afghanistan (\"Le Royaume de l'insolence\"), a biography of the late commander of the Afghan Northern Alliance, Ahmad Shah Massoud (\"Massoud: de l’islamisme à la liberté\"), which won France's Prix Femina in 2002, and an interpretive history of medieval Islamic figurative painting from the 15th to the 16th centuries (\"Figurative Art in Medieval Islam and the Riddle of Bihzâd of Herât (1465-1535)\")." + ] + ], + [ + "Madrasa", + [ + "However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madaris also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madaris along with religious teachings also taught \"styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Ancient Greek medicine", + [ + "Ancient Greek medicine began to revolve around the theory of humors. The humoral theory states that good health comes from a perfect balance of the four humors blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Consequently, poor health resulted from improper balance of the four humors. Hippocrates, known as the ``Father of Modern Medicine '', established a medical school at Cos and is the most important figure in ancient Greek medicine. Hippocrates and his students documented numerous illnesses in the Hippocratic Corpus, and developed the Hippocratic Oath for physicians, which is still in use today. The contributions to ancient Greek medicine of Hippocrates, Socrates and others had a lasting influence on Islamic medicine and medieval European medicine until many of their findings eventually became obsolete in the 14th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife." + ] + ], + [ + "Suliman Bashear", + [ + "Suliman Bashear PhD (, Sulaymān Bashīr, ; 1947–October 1991) was a leading Druze Arab scholar and professor, who taught at Birzeit University, An-Najah National University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Bashear was noted for his work on the early historiography of Islam." + ] + ], + [ + "Muslim world", + [ + "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy." + ] + ], + [ + "Elias Tillandz", + [ + "Elias Tillandz (1640–1693), born \"Tillander\", was a Swedish born doctor and botanist in Finland. He was the professor of medicine at the Academy of Turku. He wrote the country's first botanical work, the \"Catalogus Plantarum\", which was first published in 1673. As a doctor he also prepared medicines for his patients by using his extensive knowledge of plants." + ] + ], + [ + "Herbert Schilder", + [ + "Herbert Schilder (8 September 1928 in Brooklyn, New York – 25 January 2006 in Newton, Massachusetts) was a dental surgeon. Schilder is best known for the improvements he made to root canal therapies (endodontic therapy) in the 1960s, when he taught at the Boston University School of Dental Medicine." + ] + ], + [ + "John Brian Christopherson", + [ + "The son of Canon Brian Christopherson, Christopherson was born in Batley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, in 1868. He went to the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, Clifton College and studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He received his final medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He received his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1893 and joined the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons." + ] + ], + [ + "Canon law", + [ + "It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law." + ] + ], + [ + "Ralph Vary Chamberlin", + [ + "Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, Utah. He was a faculty member of the University of Utah for over 25 years, where he helped establish the School of Medicine and served as its first dean, and later became head of the zoology department. He also taught at Brigham Young University and the University of Pennsylvania, and worked for over a decade at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, where he described species from around the world." + ] + ], + [ + "History of science", + [ + "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology." + ] + ], + [ + "Joseph Cumming", + [ + "Joseph Cumming is a scholar of Islamic and Christian thought who serves as pastor of the International Church at Yale University and works internationally as a consultant on Muslim-Christian and Muslim-Christian-Jewish relations. He was one of the architects of the \"Yale Response\" to the Common Word initiative of 138 prominent Muslim leaders and scholars. He is also International Director of Doulos Community, a humanitarian organization working in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, and is past president of the Federation of NGOs in Mauritania. Cumming has published numerous articles on issues affecting relations among the Abrahamic faith communities. He has lectured in Arabic at Al-Azhar University and other Islamic institutions and has taught courses at Yale Divinity School, as well as at Fuller Theological Seminary and other Evangelical institutions. He has been interviewed in Arabic on Al-Jazeera and other Arab television networks, and in English on American and Canadian television and radio, and in French and German by European and African news media." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy split into three different schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system to interpret later political events and scientific advances; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological works in isolation from his wider philosophical concerns; and those (such as al-Ghazali) who selectively used parts of his philosophy to support their own attempts to gain greater spiritual insights through a variety of mystical means. It was the theological interpretation championed by those such as al-Razi which eventually came to predominate in the madrasahs." + ] + ], + [ + "Avicenna", + [ + "Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen G. Post", + [ + "Stephen Garrard Post is a researcher, public speaker, professor, and best-selling author who has taught at the University of Chicago Medical School, Fordham University-Marymount, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (1988-2008) and Stony Brook University School of Medicine (2008-). He is widely known for his research and public speaking on the ways in which giving can enhance the health and happiness of the giver, how empathy and compassionate care contribute to patient outcomes, ethical issues in caring for people with dementia, medical professionalism and the virtues, and positive psychology in relation to health and well-being. Post is an elected member of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, the New York Academy of Medicine, and the Royal Society of Medicine, London. He was selected nationally as the Public Member of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Composite Committee (2000-2005), and was reappointed for outstanding contributions." + ] + ], + [ + "George W. Hunter III", + [ + "BULLET::::- Hunter’s Tropical Medicine: \"Hunter’s Tropical Medicine grew out of a World War II Army Medical School tropical and military medicine course taught at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. The first edition, entitled a Manual of Tropical Medicine, was published in 1945 by three of the course instructors, Colonel Thomas T. Mackie, Major George W. Hunter III, and Captain C. Brooke Worth. A second edition was published by the same authors in 1954. Colonel Hunter was joined by co-authors from the Louisiana State University School of Medicine for the third, fourth, and fifth editions, published in 1960, 1966, and 1976, respectively. George Hunter’s contribution was acknowledged by adding his name to the book title in the sixth edition, edited in 1984.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Among the results of the Greek and Islamic influence on this period in European history was the replacement of Roman numerals with the decimal positional number system and the invention of algebra, which allowed more advanced mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied, especially in southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno." + ] + ], + [ + "Muslim world", + [ + "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__95172_456836", + "question": "Where was the person who acted in Signora Enrica born?", + "answer": "La Goulette", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A Summer in La Goulette", + 0 + ], + [ + "Signora Enrica", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Child labour", + [ + "International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions." + ] + ], + [ + "Social Security number", + [ + "Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about 14, since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction. Before this act, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie about the number of children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents. In 1988, the threshold was lowered to 2 years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to 1 year old. Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption. Since then, parents have often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the application for a birth certificate." + ] + ], + [ + "Le foto proibite di una signora per bene", + [ + "Le foto proibite di una signora per bene, also known as Forbidden Photos of a Lady Above Suspicion, is a 1970 giallo film directed by Luciano Ercoli. Written by Ernesto Gastaldi and Mahnahén Velasco, the film stars Pier Paolo Capponi, Simon Andreu and Dagmar Lassander. The film, featuring a score written by Ennio Morricone, has received mixed to positive reviews from critics." + ] + ], + [ + "Star Trek: Birth of the Federation", + [ + "Star Trek: Birth of the Federation (also known as Star Trek: The Next Generation: Birth of the Federation and Birth of the Federation) is a 4X turn-based strategy video game developed by MicroProse and published by Hasbro Interactive. The game was initially released on May 25, 1999 for Windows personal computers." + ] + ], + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli", + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period." + ] + ], + [ + "La Rosiere de Pessac", + [ + "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries." + ] + ], + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth", + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "A Summer in La Goulette", + [ + "The film also features La Goulette native Claudia Cardinale as herself. The film was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Britain's Got Talent (series 9)", + [ + "Jules O'Dwyer and her dog Matisse won the competition. Magician Jamie Raven came second with Welsh choir Côr Glanaethwy in third, and dance act Old Men Grooving finishing fourth place. The result marked the second time that a dog act had won the whole competition (following Ashleigh & Pudsey in 2012)." + ] + ], + [ + "America's Got Talent (season 11)", + [ + "Grace VanderWaal was announced as the winner on September 14, 2016, making her the second female act and the second child act to win the show since season 1. Mentalist duo, The Clairvoyants, placed second, marking the first time that females placed in the top two positions. Magician Jon Dorenbos, an NFL long snapper for the Philadelphia Eagles, placed third." + ] + ], + [ + "America's Got Talent (season 12)", + [ + "The final performances took place on September 19, followed by the final results show on September 20, 2017. No acts were buzzed." + ] + ], + [ + "Peppino e la vecchia signora", + [ + "Peppino e la vecchia signora (also known as \"Peppino e la nobile dama\") is a 1954 Italian comedy film directed by Emma Gramatica and Piero Ballerini." + ] + ], + [ + "Athanasius of Alexandria", + [ + "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297." + ] + ], + [ + "Apollonian and Dionysian", + [ + "Although the use of the concepts of the Apollonian and Dionysian is linked to Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy, the terms were used before him in German culture. The poet Hölderlin spoke of them, while Winckelmann talked of Bacchus, the god of wine. Rudolf Steiner as well treated in depth of the Apollonian and Dionysian (called ``Apollinisches und Dionysisches ''in German) and placed them in the general history and spiritual evolution of mankind." + ] + ], + [ + "Fiz Brown", + [ + "Fiz initially appeared as a troubled teenager briefly fostered by Roy (David Neilson) and Hayley Cropper (Julie Hesmondhalgh) at the age of 15. She later started working at the Underworld factory. Fiz was involved in a murder storyline in which her husband John Stape (Graeme Hawley), committed three murders and had Fiz help him bury the bodies. She had to implicate other people in order to cover for John. She gave birth to her daughter Hope prematurely, in the live 50th anniversary episode with McAlpine becoming the first actress to act out a birth live on a soap opera." + ] + ], + [ + "America's Got Talent (season 12)", + [ + "Act Result Darci Lynne Farmer Winner Angelica Hale Runner - Up Light Balance 3rd place Mandy Harvey 4th place Sara and Hero 5th place" + ] + ], + [ + "Conscription in Australia", + [ + "In 1964 compulsory National Service for 20 - year - old males was introduced under the National Service Act (1964). The selection of conscripts was made by a sortition or lottery draw based on date of birth, and conscripts were obligated to give two years' continuous full - time service, followed by a further three years on the active reserve list. The full - time service requirement was reduced to eighteen months in October 1971." + ] + ], + [ + "La naissance d'Osiris", + [ + "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet allégorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"opéra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain." + ] + ], + [ + "Signora Enrica", + [ + "Signora Enrica () is a 2010 Italo-Turkish comedy-drama film, written and directed by Ali İlhan, starring Claudia Cardinale as an elderly Italian woman who takes in a young Turkish exchange student. The film, which is scheduled to go on nationwide general release across Turkey on , was selected for the 47th International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__9988_73205_70784", + "question": "What region is to the north of what used to be known as Near East and the body of water between east africa and Arabian Peninsula?", + "answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Arabian Peninsula", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Near East", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Brzyska Wola", + [ + "Brzyska Wola (, \"Brys’ka Volia\") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kuryłówka, within Leżajsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Kuryłówka, north-east of Leżajsk, and north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów." + ] + ], + [ + "Georgian Bay", + [ + "Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel." + ] + ], + [ + "Forward Harbour", + [ + "Forward Harbour was a cannery town in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the inlet of the same name, which is on the mainland side of Wellbore Channel, to the east of Hardwicke Island. Nearby on the same vicinity on the Mainland, though fronting on other bodies of water, are Jackson Bay to the immediate north, off Sunderland Channel, and Heydon Bay, British Columbia to the east on Loughborough Inlet." + ] + ], + [ + "Arabian Peninsula", + [ + "Before the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Hejaz (Tihamah), Najd (Al - Yamama), Southern Arabia (Hadhramaut) and Eastern Arabia. Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf." + ] + ], + [ + "Magerøya", + [ + "Magerøya () is a large island in Finnmark county, in the extreme northern part of Norway. The island lies along the Barents Sea in Nordkapp Municipality, just north of the Porsanger Peninsula. The mouth of Porsangerfjorden lies off the east coast of the island." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Morungole", + [ + "Mount Morungole lies within the Kidepo Valley National Park, north-east Uganda, Africa. It is in the rugged, semi-arid Karamoja province near the border with the Sudan. Neighbouring peaks are Mount Zulia, and the Labwor and Dodoth Hills reach heights in excess of 2,000 meters." + ] + ], + [ + "Dratów", + [ + "Dratów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ludwin, within Łęczna County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Ludwin, north-east of Łęczna, and north-east of the regional capital Lublin." + ] + ], + [ + "Holenderki", + [ + "Holenderki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedecz, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Przedecz, north-east of Koło, and east of the regional capital Poznań." + ] + ], + [ + "Belcarra", + [ + "Belcarra is a village on the shore of Indian Arm, a side inlet of Burrard Inlet, and is part of Metro Vancouver. It lies northwest of Port Moody and immediately east of the Deep Cove area of North Vancouver, across the waters of Indian Arm. Isolated by geography on a narrow peninsula, Belcarra is accessible by a single winding paved road or by water. Before incorporation it was commonly known as Belcarra Bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Near East", + [ + "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic." + ] + ], + [ + "Kołzin", + [ + "Kołzin is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Sianów, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north of Sianów, north-east of Koszalin, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin." + ] + ], + [ + "Kolonia Wola Szydłowiecka", + [ + "Kolonia Wola Szydłowiecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bolimów, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Bolimów, north-east of Skierniewice, and north-east of the regional capital Łódź." + ] + ], + [ + "Burundi", + [ + "Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi (, ; , or ), is a landlocked country amid the African Great Lakes region where East and Central Africa converge. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital is Gitega, having moved from Bujumbura in February 2019." + ] + ], + [ + "Czarnogłowy", + [ + "Czarnogłowy () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przybiernów, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately east of Przybiernów, north of Goleniów, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin." + ] + ], + [ + "Near East", + [ + "The Encyclopædia Britannica defines the Near East as including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defines the region similarly, but also includes Afghanistan while excluding the countries of North Africa and the Palestinian territories. According to the National Geographic Society, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are 'generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey'." + ] + ], + [ + "East Redonda Island", + [ + "East Redonda Island is a coastal island in British Columbia, Canada, part of the Discovery Islands archipelago. It lies just to the north of Desolation Sound Marine Park, which is located off the north end of the Malaspina Peninsula at the mouth of Toba Inlet within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Wicimiczki", + [ + "Wicimiczki () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoty, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Płoty, south-east of Gryfice, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin." + ] + ], + [ + "Wełdkówko", + [ + "Wełdkówko (German: \"Klein Voldekow\") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tychowo, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Tychowo, east of Białogard, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin." + ] + ], + [ + "Near East", + [ + "Subsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__58168_1783", + "question": "Who was the mayor of New York during the time when the US had its highest unemployment rate?", + "answer": "Fiorello La Guardia", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Unemployment in the United States", + 0 + ], + [ + "New York City", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical \"in-season cycling indicator\" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "Rudy Giuliani during the September 11 attacks", + [ + "As Mayor of New York City during the September 11 attacks in 2001, Rudy Giuliani played a visible role in the response to the terrorist attack against the World Trade Center towers in New York City. For this he earned great praise at the time." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Blue Bloods characters", + [ + "Ascended to the position of interim Mayor of New York City in 2017, succeeding Carter Poole as Mayor after his resignation. As Mayor she is aided by Carlton Miller who is portrayed by Mark Linn - Baker." + ] + ], + [ + "William Lafayette Strong", + [ + "William Lafayette Strong (March 22, 1827 -- November 2, 1900) was the 90th Mayor of New York City from 1895 to 1897. He was the last mayor of New York City before the Consolidation of the City of Greater New York on January 1, 1898." + ] + ], + [ + "Unemployment in the United States", + [ + "During the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 10.0% in October 2009. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward." + ] + ], + [ + "Economy of Greece", + [ + "IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014. But in fact, the Greek economy suffered a prolonged high unemployemnt. The unemployment figure was between 9 per cent and 11 per cent in 2009, and it soared to 28 per cent in 2013. In 2015, Greece's jobless rate is around 24 per cent. It is thought that Greece's potential output has been eroded by this prolonged massive unemployment due to the associated hysteresis effects." + ] + ], + [ + "Joseph V. McKee", + [ + "Joseph V. McKee, Sr. (August 8, 1889January 28, 1956) was a teacher at DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx, New York, who later became a politically active Democrat and briefly served as the acting Mayor of New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s. By the mid 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs in the 2000 Census and then again in the 2010 Census." + ] + ], + [ + "Full employment", + [ + "The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 New York City mayoral election", + [ + "An election for Mayor of New York City was held on November 7, 2017. Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in North America." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance." + ] + ], + [ + "Francis Bloodgood", + [ + "Francis Bloodgood (12 June 1775 - 5 March 1840) was an American lawyer who was mayor of Albany, New York in 1831 and 1833." + ] + ], + [ + "Howard B. Myers", + [ + "Howard B. Myers (February 13, 1901 – March 9, 1956) was an American statistician and economist who held executive posts with several agencies during the New Deal. His work was key in developing the techniques used to measure unemployment." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "The titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their intermediate appellate courts. Further, trial courts of general jurisdiction in New York are called the Supreme Court, and the intermediate appellate court is called the Supreme Court, Appellate Division. In West Virginia, the highest court of the state is the Supreme Court of Appeals. In Maine and Massachusetts the highest court is styled the \"Supreme Judicial Court\"; the last is the oldest appellate court of continuous operation in the Western Hemisphere." + ] + ], + [ + "Seat belt use rates in the United States", + [ + "Seat belt use rates in the United States has been rising steadily since 1983, from 14% to 86% in 2012. Seat belt use in the country in 2012 ranged from a minimum of 66.5% in South Dakota to a maximum of 96.9% in Washington. Other states and territories with use rates of 90% and higher include California, Washington D.C., Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, South Carolina, Texas, and Washington." + ] + ], + [ + "Tanzania", + [ + "The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation. With fewer resources to risk in creative destruction, the number of patent applications flat-lined. Compared to the previous 5 years of exponential increases in patent application, this stagnation correlates to the similar drop in GDP during the same time period." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City has a high degree of income disparity as indicated by its Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan. The disparity is driven by wage growth in high-income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower-income brackets. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States. In 2013, New York City had the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, higher than the next five U.S. cities combined, including former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg. New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents. Lower Manhattan has been experiencing a baby boom, with the area south of Canal Street witnessing 1,086 births in 2010, 12% greater than 2009 and over twice the number born in 2001." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__6870_16335", + "question": "What two factors might lead to genetic similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and the city's second largest ethnic group?", + "answer": "inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + 0 + ], + [ + "Boston", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.)" + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, \"Ashkenazic\" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war." + ] + ], + [ + "Infection", + [ + "A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Before 2006, geneticists had largely attributed the ethnogenesis of most of the world's Jewish populations, including Ashkenazi Jews, to Israelite Jewish male migrants from the Middle East and \"the women from each local population whom they took as wives and converted to Judaism.\" Thus, in 2002, in line with this model of origin, David Goldstein, now of Duke University, reported that unlike male Ashkenazi lineages, the female lineages in Ashkenazi Jewish communities \"did not seem to be Middle Eastern\", and that each community had its own genetic pattern and even that \"in some cases the mitochondrial DNA was closely related to that of the host community.\" In his view this suggested \"that Jewish men had arrived from the Middle East, taken wives from the host population and converted them to Judaism, after which there was no further intermarriage with non-Jews.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach Ashkenaz (Hebrew, \"liturgical tradition\", or rite) used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries). The city's average household size was 2.3 persons. At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (-24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). This excludes the two new ethnic groups added to the 2011 census of Gypsy or Irish Traveller and Arab. The population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, but declined by over 1.6% from 1931 to 1951." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston", + [ + "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Jews", + [ + "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European \"admixture is considerably higher than previous estimates by studies that used the Y chromosome\" with this reference point. Assuming this reference point the linkage disequilibrium in the Ashkenazi Jewish population was interpreted as \"matches signs of interbreeding or 'admixture' between Middle Eastern and European populations\". On the Bray et al. tree, Ashkenazi Jews were found to be a genetically more divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, Basques, Italians, Sardinians and Tuscans. The study also observed that Ashkenazim are more diverse than their Middle Eastern relatives, which was counterintuitive because Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset, of their assumed geographical source population. Bray et al. therefore postulate that these results reflect not the population antiquity but a history of mixing between genetically distinct populations in Europe. However, it's possible that the relaxation of marriage prescription in the ancestors of Ashkenazim that drove their heterozygosity up, while the maintenance of the FBD rule in native Middle Easterners have been keeping their heterozygosity values in check. Ashkenazim distinctiveness as found in the Bray et al. study, therefore, may come from their ethnic endogamy (ethnic inbreeding), which allowed them to \"mine\" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding). Consequently, their higher diversity compared to Middle Easterners stems from the latter's marriage practices, not necessarily from the former's admixture with Europeans." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__57467_53706_795904_580996", + "question": "What city shares a border with the city where a person worked during the gold rush in the state that has the most house of representatives seat?", + "answer": "Rio Linda", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "United States House of Representatives", + 0 + ], + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + [ + "Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District." + ] + ], + [ + "Alabama's congressional districts", + [ + "Alabama is currently divided into 7 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. After the 2010 Census, the number of Alabama's seats remained unchanged." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, Wyoming", + [ + "Atlantic City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. The community is a small mining settlement in a gulch near South Pass in southwestern Wyoming. It was founded as a mining camp following the 1867 gold rush in the region. The town declined following the end of the placer gold rush in the early 1870s, but continued to exist as advances in mining technology allowed further extraction of gold. From the 1960s until 1983, it was the location of US Steel iron ore mine. The town is accessible by gravel roads from nearby Wyoming Highway 28." + ] + ], + [ + "Coldspring House", + [ + "Coldspring House is an unincorporated locality and former roadhouse on the Cariboo Wagon Road in the Cariboo Country of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Located just east of the confluence of Lightning Creek and the Swift River between Quesnel and Barkerville along that route. Only 8 km east along that road from Cottonwood House, another roadhouse still operating as a store and campground today, as well as a provincial heritage property with a small museum. Just farther along the route, which is today's BC Highway 26, is Beaver Pass House. All date from the era of the Cariboo Gold Rush and were busy stopping places for travellers going to and from the goldfields." + ] + ], + [ + "Pasaje", + [ + "Pasaje is a small town in the lowlands of the El Oro Province, Ecuador. Pasaje is the seat of the Pasaje Canton. It is located on the border of the Jubones River." + ] + ], + [ + "United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty - three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming." + ] + ], + [ + "Klondike Gold Rush", + [ + "The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north - western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + [ + "The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior." + ] + ], + [ + "Notogawa, Shiga", + [ + "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest." + ] + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + [ + "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Van Cleve Opera House", + [ + "The Van Cleve Opera House was an opera house located in Hartford City, Indiana in the United States. It opened in 1882. As of 1884 it was claimed to be able to seat 700 people, but in 1902 it was seating 450 patrons. The opera house featured minstrel works, including around 1902, when \"Mr. Mikado\" by Frank Dumont was performed. The opera house also hosted academic lectures." + ] + ], + [ + "Karlee Macer", + [ + "Karlee Macer is a Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives, representing the 92nd district. Macer also works at a retirement community." + ] + ], + [ + "Ed Husic", + [ + "Ed Husic (born 3 February 1970) is an Australian politician who is a member of the Australian House of Representatives, elected to represent the seat of Chifley in western Sydney for the Australian Labor Party at the 2010 federal election." + ] + ], + [ + "114th United States Congress", + [ + "The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931." + ] + ], + [ + "1979 Japanese general election", + [ + "Results of the 1979 general election in Japan for the House of Representatives. A total of 511 seats were contested:" + ] + ], + [ + "Melbourne", + [ + "The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Thereafter, growth was exponential and by 1865, Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Idaho's at-large congressional district", + [ + "From its admittance as a state in 1890 to 1913 Idaho was represented in the United States House of Representatives by one at-large representative. After the 1910 census Idaho was awarded a second seat starting with the 63rd Congress in 1913. However both seats continued to be elected at-large on a general ticket until the election of 1918. Since that year the state has allocated two districts for its representatives." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Bosworth", + [ + "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__35566_17873", + "question": "What happened to Buckingham after the departure of the queen who Martha Ann Ricks presented the famed Liberian coffee tree to?", + "answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Liberia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Martha Smith", + [ + "Martha Anne Smith (born October 16, 1952) is an American actress, model and real estate broker. Smith attended Michigan State University, where she acquired fluency in French and Italian." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Is a Racket", + [ + "Love Is a Racket (UK title: Such Things Happen) is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy-drama film, starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Ann Dvorak. The movie was written by Courtney Terrett from the novel by Rian James, and directed by William A. Wellman." + ] + ], + [ + "Ann Arbor, Michigan", + [ + "Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements." + ] + ], + [ + "Tamanique", + [ + "Tamanique is a municipality in the La Libertad department of El Salvador, about 17 miles northwest of El Puerto La Libertad. Tamanique is known for coffee growing and avocado trees. Its population is 5,000 (including surrounding areas)." + ] + ], + [ + "Liberia", + [ + "Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office." + ] + ], + [ + "They Dare Not Love", + [ + "They Dare Not Love is a 1941 romantic war drama film directed by James Whale and starring George Brent, Martha Scott and Paul Lukas. Whale left the picture before the end of production; it was the last film released to credit him as director." + ] + ], + [ + "Olive", + [ + "Olives are not native to the Americas. Spanish colonists brought the olive to the New World, where its cultivation prospered in present - day Peru and Chile. The first seedlings from Spain were planted in Lima by Antonio de Rivera in 1560. Olive tree cultivation quickly spread along the valleys of South America's dry Pacific coast where the climate was similar to the Mediterranean. Spanish missionaries established the tree in the 18th century in California. It was first cultivated at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 or later around 1795. Orchards were started at other missions, but in 1838, an inspection found only two olive orchards in California. Cultivation for oil gradually became a highly successful commercial venture from the 1860s onward. In Japan, the first successful planting of olive trees happened in 1908 on Shodo Island, which became the cradle of olive cultivation. An estimated 865 million olive trees are in the world today (as of 2005), and the vast majority of these are found in Mediterranean countries, with traditionally marginal areas accounting for no more than 25% of olive - planted area and 10% of oil production." + ] + ], + [ + "Milady de Winter", + [ + "Milady de Winter, often referred to as simply Milady, is a fictional character in the novel \"The Three Musketeers\" (1844) by Alexandre Dumas, père, set in 1625 France. She is a spy for Cardinal Richelieu and is one of the dominant antagonists of the story. Her role in the first part of the book is to seduce the English Prime Minister, the Duke of Buckingham, who is also the secret lover of Queen Anne of France. Hoping to blackmail the Queen, Richelieu orders Milady to steal two diamonds from a set of matched studs given to Buckingham by the Queen, which were a gift to her from her husband, King Louis XIII. Thwarted by d'Artagnan and the other musketeers, Milady's opposition of d'Artagnan carries much of the second half of the novel." + ] + ], + [ + "You Left the Water Running", + [ + "Ten years later, Marsh was mailed a promo copy of \"You Left the Water Running\" by Redding on Stone Records (the flipside was an instrumental called \"The Otis Jam\", which was produced by John Fred, of \"Judy in Disguise (with Glasses)\" fame). Marsh was fascinated by the song, and mentioned the new single to several friends, including his attorney, who also happened to represent the Redding estate. He soon found out that Stone Records had not obtained the Redding family's permission to release the long-lost demo recording, and demanded the single be pulled from circulation." + ] + ], + [ + "Xen Coffee", + [ + "Xen Coffee is an independent siphon coffee bar in Hong Kong. Xen Coffee's first coffee shop was in Quarry Bay. Xen Coffee serves highly selective coffee varieties from Africa, Indonesia, Central and South Americas. Xen Coffee was awarded Best Fair Trade Cafe in Hong Kong for its effort as a pioneer in promoting Fair Trade products like chocolate from Ghana, organic coffee from Ethiopian Yirgacheffe and the rainforest of Guatemala in Hong Kong. \"Time Out\" magazine (Hong Kong edition) has selected Xen Coffee as one of Hong Kong's 20 Best Coffee Spots. Xen Coffee has also been covered in \"My Coffee Guide\" written by Moses Chan, a coffee geek and celebrity in Hong Kong. Helen Chow, the head Siphonist of Xen Coffee was awarded the title of World Siphonist by the Specialty Coffee Association of Japan (SCAJ) to honor her achievement as second runner-up in the World Siphonist Championship (WSC) 2010. The founder of Xen Coffee, Dixon Ip, is the first person in China to obtain certifications from both the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) and Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) as SCAA Cupping Judge and CQI Licensed Q Grader. Xen Coffee focuses on educating the local community on coffee beyond espresso and promoting the concept of enjoying specialty coffee from single origins." + ] + ], + [ + "Vestal Goodman", + [ + "Vestal Goodman died at the age 74 of complications from influenza while on Christmas vacation in Florida with her family. She died in the ambulance on the way to the hospital in Celebration, Florida. Her son Rick said it was very appropriate for her death that it would happen in a place called Celebration." + ] + ], + [ + "Café Coffee Day", + [ + "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Martha Ansara", + [ + "Martha Ansara (born 9 September 1942) is a documentary filmmaker whose films on social issues have won international prizes and been screened in Australia, the UK, Europe and North America. Ansara was one of the first women in Australia to work as a cinematographer, is a full member of the Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS) and was inducted into the ACS Hall of Fame in 2015. Martha is a Life Member of the Australian Directors Guild and a founding member of Ozdox, the Australian Documentary Forum. She has also worked as a film lecturer and film writer and has been active in the trade union, women's and peace movements." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year." + ] + ], + [ + "Dancing Trees", + [ + "Dancing Trees (Partners in Crime) is a Canadian drama thriller film directed by Anne Wheeler and written by Joseph Nasser. Its cast features Brooke Burns, Katie Boland and Amanda Tapping." + ] + ], + [ + "Anne Aston", + [ + "Anne Aston (born Anne Lloyd, 1 January 1948 in Glasgow, Scotland) is an actress and television presenter best known as the hostess of \"The Golden Shot\" in the late 1960s and early 1970s." + ] + ], + [ + "History of coffee", + [ + "The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America." + ] + ], + [ + "Second Liberian Civil War", + [ + "Second Liberian Civil War Part of the Liberian Civil Wars Liberian government soldiers fighting in the Old Bridge in Monrovia. Date 21 April 1999 -- 18 August 2003 (4 years, 3 months and 4 weeks) Location Liberia Result LURD / MODEL victory Charles Taylor exiled to Nigeria Transitional Government of Liberia installed Accra Peace Agreement signed United Nations Mission in Liberia deployed Belligerents Liberian government Armed Forces of Liberia ATU SOD SSS NPFL militias RUF Rebel groups: LURD MODEL Supported by: Sierra Leone Guinea United Kingdom United States Commanders and leaders Charles Taylor Benjamin Yeaten Chucky Taylor Sam Bockarie Sekou Conneh Thomas Nimely Casualties and losses 150,000 -- 300,000 people killed" + ] + ], + [ + "University of Buckingham", + [ + "The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit, private university in the UK and the oldest of the country's five private universities. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five \"schools\" (or faculties) of study." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Chantry Chapel", + [ + "Buckingham Chantry Chapel (also known as the Old Latin School) is a 15th-century chapel and a National Trust property in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway. Few buildings in Buckingham date to before the 18th century, as a large fire destroyed much of the town in 1725. The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, being added to the list by English Heritage on 13 October 1952." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__7046_44085", + "question": "What was the old show that was named after a character that Walt Disney created in 1928 called?", + "answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Universal Pictures", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Mickey Mouse Club", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Universal Pictures", + [ + "Universal owned the rights to the \"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first \"sync\" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz." + ] + ], + [ + "Walt Disney World", + [ + "Designed to supplement Disneyland in Anaheim, California, which had opened in 1955, the complex was developed by Walt Disney in the 1960s. ``The Florida Project '', as it was known, was intended to present a distinct vision with its own diverse set of attractions. Walt Disney's original plans also called for the inclusion of an`` Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow'' (EPCOT), a planned community intended to serve as a test bed for new city living innovations. After extensive lobbying, the government of Florida created the Reedy Creek Improvement District, a special government district that essentially gave The Walt Disney Company the standard powers and autonomy of an incorporated city. Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966, during construction of the complex. Without Disney spearheading the construction, the company created a resort similar to Disneyland, abandoning experimental concepts for a planned community. Magic Kingdom was the first theme park to open in the complex, in 1971, followed by Epcot in 1982, Disney's Hollywood Studios in 1989, and the most recent, Disney's Animal Kingdom in 1998." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters." + ] + ], + [ + "Marvel Comics", + [ + "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their \"families\" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6." + ] + ], + [ + "Welcome to Pooh Corner", + [ + "Welcome to Pooh Corner is a live-action/puppet television series that aired on Disney Channel, featuring the characters from the Winnie the Pooh universe portrayed by actors in human-sized puppet suits, except Roo, who was originally a traditional puppet. The animatronic costumes used for the characters were created by Alchemy II, Inc., headed by Ken Forsse who later created Teddy Ruxpin. The show was first aired on April 18, 1983, the day The Disney Channel was launched. Its timeslot for its early run was at 8:30 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time, making it the third program of The Disney Channel's 16 (later 18) hour programming day. Reruns of the show aired on The Disney Channel until at least January 1997." + ] + ], + [ + "Walt Disney World", + [ + "The Walt Disney World Resort, commonly known as Walt Disney World, or often just as Disney World, is an entertainment complex in Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista, Florida, near Orlando and Kissimmee, Florida. Opened on October 1, 1971, the resort is owned and operated by Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products, a division of The Walt Disney Company. It was initially operated by Walt Disney World Company. The property covers 27,258 acres (43 sq mi; 110 km), featuring four theme parks, two water parks, twenty - seven themed resort hotels, nine non-Disney hotels, several golf courses, a camping resort, and other entertainment venues, including the outdoor shopping center Disney Springs." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mickey Mouse Club", + [ + "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media." + ] + ], + [ + "Diane Disney Miller", + [ + "Diane Marie Disney-Miller (December 18, 1933 – November 19, 2013) was the only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney. Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum alongside her family. She was president of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation. The museum, which opened in 2009, was established to promote and inspire creativity and innovation and celebrate and study the life of Walt Disney." + ] + ], + [ + "Zorro and Son", + [ + "Zorro and Son is an American television Western based on the character Zorro that aired on CBS. Created by Walt Disney Television, the series stars Henry Darrow as Zorro (Don Diego) and Paul Regina as his son Zorro Jr. (Don Carlos)." + ] + ], + [ + "Clarabelle Cow", + [ + "Clarabelle Cow is a Disney fictional character within the Mickey Mouse universe of characters. Clarabelle Cow was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks in 1928. Clarabelle is one of Minnie Mouse's best friends and is usually depicted as the girlfriend of Horace Horsecollar, although she has also been paired with Goofy occasionally (especially in the Super Goof comic book series). Clarabelle has remained a supporting character in the United States; only in Italy has she been treated as a major character." + ] + ], + [ + "Building a Building", + [ + "Building a Building is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Production and released by United Artists. A remake of the 1928 Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film \"Sky Scrappers\", the cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse working at a construction site under the supervision of Peg-Leg Pete while Minnie Mouse is selling box lunches to the workers. It was directed by David Hand, his first directorial assignment at Disney, and features the voices of Walt Disney as Mickey, Marcellite Garner as Minnie, and Billy Bletcher as Pete." + ] + ], + [ + "Disney Theatrical Productions", + [ + "Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "Mickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto" + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey's Revue", + [ + "Mickey's Revue is a 1932 Walt Disney cartoon, directed by Wilfred Jackson, which features Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Horace Horsecollar and Clarabelle Cow performing a song and dance show." + ] + ], + [ + "Mickey Mouse", + [ + "In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas. Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected. They would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected. It would later show up in Iwerks' own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a tame mouse at his desk at Laugh - O - Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney. These inspired Ub Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney. ``Mortimer Mouse ''had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it, and ultimately Mickey Mouse came to be. The actor Mickey Rooney claimed that, during his Mickey McGuire days, he met cartoonist Walt Disney at the Warner Brothers studio, and that Disney was inspired to name Mickey Mouse after him. This claim, however, has been debunked by Disney historian Jim Korkis, since at the time of Mickey Mouse's development, Disney Studios had been located on Hyperion Avenue for several years, and Walt Disney never kept an office or other working space at Warner Brothers, having no professional relationship with Warner Brothers, as the Alice Comedies and Oswald cartoons were distributed by Universal." + ] + ], + [ + "The Proud Family", + [ + "\"The Proud Family\" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of \"The Proud Family\" were produced using Adobe Flash." + ] + ], + [ + "Meet the Robinsons", + [ + "Meet the Robinsons is a 2007 American computer-animated science fiction comedy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on March 30, 2007. The 47th Disney animated feature film, it was released in standard and Disney Digital 3-D versions. The film is loosely based on characters from the children's book \"A Day with Wilbur Robinson\", by William Joyce. The voice cast includes Jordan Fry, Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Tom Kenny, Steve Anderson, Laurie Metcalf, Adam West, Tom Selleck, and Angela Bassett. It was the first film released after then-Pixar executive John Lasseter became chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios." + ] + ], + [ + "Anna (Frozen)", + [ + "Princess Anna of Arendelle is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film Frozen. She is voiced by Kristen Bell as an adult. At the beginning of the film, Livvy Stubenrauch and Katie Lopez provided her speaking and singing voice as a young child, respectively. Agatha Lee Monn portrayed her as a nine - year - old (singing)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sport Goofy in Soccermania", + [ + "Sport Goofy in Soccermania is an animated television special produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for The Walt Disney Company. It originally aired May 27, 1987 on NBC. During its television debut it was preceded by a mockumentary showing past Goofy cartoons of him always getting everything wrong, and leading into the cartoon special where the audience is finally shown a competent, athletic Goofy who is the hero." + ] + ], + [ + "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products", + [ + "Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, Inc., formerly Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and informally known as Disney Parks, is one of The Walt Disney Company's four major business segments and a subsidiary. It was founded in 1971, following the opening of Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida just outside of Orlando, Florida." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__804367_160713_77246", + "question": "What is the meaning of the word that is also the majority religion in the area that became India when the country where Kot Haibat is located was created in the Arabic dictionary?", + "answer": "the country of India", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Kot Haibat", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hindus", + 0 + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bihar Province", + [ + "Bihar Province was a province of British India, created in 1936 by the partition of the Bihar and Orissa Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque", + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque is a mosque in the Muthialpet area of Georgetown in Chennai, India. It is one of the oldest mosques in the city and was constructed by Casa Verona, a \"dubash\" of the British East India Company." + ] + ], + [ + "New Delhi", + [ + "Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. Calcutta had become the epicenter of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century led to the Partition of Bengal by then Viceroy of British India Lord Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments amongst public leading to complete boycott of British goods forced the colonial government to reunite the Bengal partition and immediate shift of the capital to New Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Asia Cup", + [ + "Originally, the tournament was scheduled to be played in India. It was moved to the United Arab Emirates, following ongoing political tensions between India and Pakistan." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture of India", + [ + "According to the 2011 census, 79.8% of the population of India practice Hinduism. Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. Many tribal religions, such as Sarnaism, are found in India, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and the Bahá'í Faith are also influential but their numbers are smaller. Atheism and agnostics also have visible influence in India, along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other faiths. According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Centre, India will have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims by 2050. India is expected to have about 311 million Muslims making up around 19–20% of the population and yet about 1.3 billion Hindus are projected to live in India comprising around 76% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Kot Haibat", + [ + "Kot Haibat is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 30°6'0N 70°37'0E and has an altitude of 124 metres (410 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel", + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "The British Mandate of Palestine, where an Arab majority lived alongside a Jewish minority, presented the British with a similar problem to that of India. The matter was complicated by large numbers of Jewish refugees seeking to be admitted to Palestine following the Holocaust, while Arabs were opposed to the creation of a Jewish state. Frustrated by the intractability of the problem, attacks by Jewish paramilitary organisations and the increasing cost of maintaining its military presence, Britain announced in 1947 that it would withdraw in 1948 and leave the matter to the United Nations to solve. The UN General Assembly subsequently voted for a plan to partition Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab state." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindus", + [ + "The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India." + ] + ], + [ + "List of governors-general of India", + [ + "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "2011 Census of India", + [ + "The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths - Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while`` other religions, persuasions'' (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths - 4.957 million - strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million - strong Gond, 506,000 - strong Sari, Donyi - Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala." + ] + ], + [ + "Islam in India", + [ + "Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is the second-largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or approx. 200 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2018 estimate). It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. The majority of Indian Muslims belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The religion first arrived at the western coast of India when Arab traders as early as the 7th century CE came to coastal Malabar and Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 CE by Malik Deenar. Following an expedition by the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century CE, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Ismaili Shia Islam was introduced to Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, when Fatimid Imam Al-Mustansir Billah sent missionaries to Gujarat in 467 AH/1073 CE. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and Muslims have played a notable role in economics, politics, and culture of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Umayyad Caliphate", + [ + "From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion in the west, following the defeat of the Arab army by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732. In 739 a major Berber Revolt broke out in North Africa, which was subdued only with difficulty, but it was followed by the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus. In India the Arab armies were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and by the north Indian Pratiharas Dynasty in the 8th century and the Arabs were driven out of India. In the Caucasus, the confrontation with the Khazars peaked under Hisham: the Arabs established Derbent as a major military base and launched several invasions of the northern Caucasus, but failed to subdue the nomadic Khazars. The conflict was arduous and bloody, and the Arab army even suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardabil in 730. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the future Marwan II, finally ended the war in 737 with a massive invasion that is reported to have reached as far as the Volga, but the Khazars remained unsubdued." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district - wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Secretary of State for India", + [ + "The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Hinduism in Singapore", + [ + "Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire. A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire. As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the \"kangani\" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India." + ] + ], + [ + "Bardoli Satyagraha", + [ + "The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__71034_343058", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the person who sang holding out for a hero in shrek 2?", + "answer": "Adrian Edmondson", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mirrorball (TV pilot)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Holding Out for a Hero", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "List of Shrek characters", + [ + "King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) was the king of Far Far Away, husband of Queen Lillian, father of Princess Fiona, and father in - law of Shrek." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek the Halls", + [ + "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990." + ] + ], + [ + "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie", + [ + "The film's trailer was released on May 19, 2004, and was attached to Shrek 2. The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie opened in theaters on November 19, 2004; its yellow - carpet world premiere was at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on November 14, 2004. Among celebrities who saw the premiere with their children were Ray Romano, Larry King, Ice Cube, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation's Gary Dourdan and Friends' Lisa Kudrow. The carpet was a disturbing reminder of home for Tom Kenny, SpongeBob's voice actor; he said, ``I have a 15 - month - old daughter, so I'm no stranger to yellow carpets. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "The X Factor (British series 7)", + [ + "For their qualifying song, and their first as a group, at judges' houses, One Direction sang an acoustic version of ``Torn ''. In week 1 of the live shows, they performed`` Viva la Vida'' and were safe for the week. Week 2 was ``Musical Heroes ''and One Direction sang`` My Life Would Suck Without You'', which received positive comments from the judges; Minogue called them ``five heartthrobs ''and praised their performance, Cole called them`` cute'', and Cowell said ``You are the most exciting pop band in the country right now. ''They sang`` Nobody Knows'' in week 3 and ``Total Eclipse of the Heart ''in week 4. In week 4, girl band Belle Amie were eliminated, leaving One Direction as Cowell's last remaining act. They sang`` Kids in America'' in week 5, ``Something About the Way You Look Tonight ''in week 6, and`` All You Need Is Love'' in week 7. They were safe each week, never once being in the bottom two. For weeks 8 and 9, they performed ``Summer of 69 ''and`` You Are So Beautiful'' in week 8 and ``Only Girl (in the World) ''and`` Chasing Cars'' in week 9. They were safe both times, making it to the final live show, being the first ever manufactured group to do so. In week 10, they performed ``Your Song ''. After performing`` Torn'' in the final, One Direction finished in third place behind runner - up Rebecca Ferguson and winner Matt Cardle." + ] + ], + [ + "Guitar Hero II", + [ + "Guitar Hero II is a music rhythm game developed by Harmonix, published by Activision and distributed by RedOctane. It is the second installment in the \"Guitar Hero\" series and is the sequel to \"Guitar Hero\". It was first released for the PlayStation 2 in November 2006, and then for the Xbox 360 in April 2007, with additional content not originally in the PlayStation 2 version." + ] + ], + [ + "Princess Fiona", + [ + "Princess Fiona is a fictional main character who serves as the female lead in DreamWorks' animated Shrek film series. She made her first appearance in the first film in the franchise, Shrek (2001), voiced by American actress Cameron Diaz." + ] + ], + [ + "Shadow of the Dragon", + [ + "Shadow of the Dragon is a 1993 book written by Sherry Garland. It chronicles Danny Vo and Nguyen Sang Le, two ethnic Vietnamese living in Houston; Danny is Americanized while Sang Le has difficulty adjusting to American culture and society." + ] + ], + [ + "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes", + [ + "My Hero Academia: Two Heroes (Japanese: 僕のヒーローアカデミア THE MOVIE ~ 2 人の英雄 (ヒーロー) ~, Hepburn: Boku no Hīrō Academia THE MOVIE: Futari no Hīrō) is a 2018 Japanese anime superhero film based on the manga My Hero Academia by Kōhei Horikoshi. Set between the second and third seasons of the anime series, the film was directed by Kenji Nagasaki and produced by Bones. Anime Expo hosted the film's world premiere on July 5, 2018, and it was later released to theaters in Japan on August 3, 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek!", + [ + "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word שרעק, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2", + [ + "Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 is a Lego - themed action - adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch and Xbox One on 14 November 2017. It is the sequel to Lego Marvel Super Heroes and the third installment of the Lego Marvel franchise." + ] + ], + [ + "Mirrorball (TV pilot)", + [ + "Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Heroes of the Storm", + [ + "Heroes of the Storm (HotS) is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment for Microsoft Windows and macOS that was released on June 2, 2015. The game features heroes from Blizzard's franchises including Warcraft, Diablo, StarCraft, The Lost Vikings, and Overwatch. The game uses both free - to - play and freemium models and is supported by micropayments, which can be used to purchase heroes, visual alterations for the heroes in the game, and mounts. Blizzard does not call the game a ``multiplayer online battle arena ''or an`` action real - time strategy'' because they feel it is something different with a broader playstyle; they refer to it as an online ``hero brawler ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek the Third", + [ + "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king." + ] + ], + [ + "Kung Fu Panda", + [ + "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After." + ] + ], + [ + "Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers", + [ + "Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers is the 35th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. This season featured 18 new players divided into three tribes based on a dominant perceived trait: ``Heroes ''(courage),`` Healers'' (compassion), and ``Hustlers ''(tenacity). The season premiered on September 27, 2017, and ended on December 20, 2017, when Ben Driebergen was named the winner over Chrissy Hofbeck and Ryan Ulrich in a 5 -- 2 -- 1 vote." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek (franchise)", + [ + "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003." + ] + ], + [ + "Bashkim Sulejmani Stadium", + [ + "The Bashkim Sulejmani Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuçovë, Albania. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Naftëtari. The stadium holds 5,000 spectators It is named after Bashkim Sulejmani, a hero of the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Holding Out for a Hero", + [ + "Japanese singer Miki Asakura recorded the song in Japanese as ヒーロー HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO in 1984. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It was also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack. American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's. Ella Mae Bowen recorded a country version of the song which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2011 remake of Footloose." + ] + ], + [ + "Dota 2", + [ + "Dota 2 is a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The game is a sequel to \"Defense of the Ancients\" (\"DotA\"), which was a community-created mod for Blizzard Entertainment's \"\" and its expansion pack, \"The Frozen Throne\". \"Dota 2\" is played in matches between two teams of five players, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on the map. Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a \"hero\", who all have unique abilities and differing styles of play. During a match, players collect experience points and items for their heroes to successfully defeat the opposing team's heroes in player versus player combat. A team wins by being the first to destroy the other team's \"Ancient\", a large structure located within their base." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek", + [ + "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__734582_74481", + "question": "Who was played by the director of The Good Shepherd in The Godfather Part II?", + "answer": "Vito Corleone", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Good Shepherd (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Godfather Part II", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Urbain Cancelier", + [ + "Urbain Cancelier (born 2 August 1959) is a French comedian and actor, primarily known for his collaborations with French film director Jean-Pierre Jeunet, and for playing Collignon in \"Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain\"." + ] + ], + [ + "James Louis Sobieski", + [ + "James Louis Sobieski was born on 2 November 1667 in Paris, France. He was named after his grandfather Jakub Sobieski, his godfather Louis XIV of France and his godmother Henrietta Maria of France. In 1683, the fifteen-year-old prince fought alongside his father against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna. James was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece." + ] + ], + [ + "Mark Sloan (Grey's Anatomy)", + [ + "Mark Everett Sloan, M.D., F.A.C.S. is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Eric Dane. Dr. Sloan is an attending specializing in plastic surgery. Dr. Sloan earned the nickname ``McSteamy ''for his good looks by the female interns of Seattle Grace later Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital. He was good friends with Dr. Derek Shepherd, a fellow physician at Seattle Grace, but was the catalyst for the end of Shepherd's marriage when Shepherd caught Sloan sleeping with his wife, Addison. Later, he pursues a 'forbidden' relationship with Dr. Lexie Grey, straining his relationship with Derek yet again. He reveals that he loves Lexie in episodes`` Migration'', ``Flight '',`` Going, Going, Gone'', and ``Remember The Time ''In the show's ninth season, he dies of injuries sustained in a jet plane crash that also injured or killed several of his colleagues from the hospital." + ] + ], + [ + "The Good Shepherd (film)", + [ + "The Good Shepherd is a 2006 spy film produced and directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon, Angelina Jolie and De Niro, with an extensive supporting cast." + ] + ], + [ + "Wood Lane tube station", + [ + "Wood Lane is a London Underground station in the White City area of west London, United Kingdom. It is on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines, between Latimer Road and Shepherd's Bush Market stations, in Travelcard Zone 2." + ] + ], + [ + "Eswatini", + [ + "The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lady in the Van", + [ + "The Lady in the Van is a 2015 British comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner, and starring Maggie Smith and Alex Jennings, based on the memoir of the same name created by Alan Bennett. It was written by Bennett, and it tells the (mostly) true story of his interactions with Mary Shepherd, an elderly woman who lived in a dilapidated van on his driveway in London for 15 years. He had previously published the story as a 1989 essay, 1990 book, 1999 stage play, and 2009 radio play on BBC Radio 4. Smith had previously portrayed Shepherd twice: in the 1999 stage play, which earned her a Best Actress nomination at the 2000 Olivier Awards and in the 2009 radio adaptation." + ] + ], + [ + "Cameron Shepherd", + [ + "Cameron Shepherd (born 30 March 1984, Windsor, England) is an Australian rugby union footballer. He notably played for the Western Force in the international Super Rugby competition. His usual position is at fullback or wing." + ] + ], + [ + "Mumbai Godfather", + [ + "Mumbai Godfather is the name of an Indian Bollywood film directed by Deepak Balraj Vij released on 23 September 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Viola", + [ + "Alfred Viola (June 16, 1919 – February 21, 2007) was an American jazz guitarist who worked with Frank Sinatra for 25 years and also played the mandolin on the soundtrack of the film \"The Godfather.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Wardlow", + [ + "Wardlow is a parish and linear village in the Derbyshire Dales two miles from Tideswell, Derbyshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 118. The village contains the church of the Good Shepherd and the small hamlet of Wardlow Mires, which contains a notable pub, The Three Stags' Heads." + ] + ], + [ + "Cybill", + [ + "Cybill is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre, which aired on CBS from January 2, 1995, to July 13, 1998. Starring Cybill Shepherd, the show revolves around the life of Cybill Sheridan, a twice-divorced single mother of two and struggling actress in her 40s, who has never gotten her big show business break. Alicia Witt and Dedee Pfeiffer co-starred as Sheridan's daughters, with Alan Rosenberg and Tom Wopat playing their respective fathers, while Christine Baranski appeared as Cybill's hard-drinking friend Maryann." + ] + ], + [ + "Philippe Laguérie", + [ + "Philippe Laguérie (born 30 September 1952 in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French Traditionalist Catholic priest. He is the Superior General of the Institute of the Good Shepherd (), which upholds the Tridentine Mass." + ] + ], + [ + "Il figlioccio del padrino", + [ + "Il figlioccio del padrino (\"The Godson of the Godfather\") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of \"The Godfather\", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire." + ] + ], + [ + "The Godfather Part II", + [ + "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "Vito Corleone", + [ + "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family." + ] + ], + [ + "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd", + [ + "``The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd ''(1596), by Walter Raleigh, is a poem that responds to and parodies the poem`` The Passionate Shepherd to His Love'' (1593) by Christopher Marlowe. In her reply to the shepherd's invitation, the nymph presents her rejection of the shepherd's courtship for a life of pastoral idyll." + ] + ], + [ + "Lenny Montana", + [ + "Lenny Montana (born Leonardo Passafaro; March 13, 1926 -- May 12, 1992) was an American actor who played the role of feared hitman Luca Brasi in The Godfather. Prior to becoming an actor, he had a successful career as a professional wrestler as well as an enforcer for the Colombo family." + ] + ], + [ + "Good Shepherd Convent, Chennai", + [ + "The Good Shepherd Convent is an English-medium high school in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the top ranking schools in Chennai ." + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Hagen", + [ + "Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__569322_223623_162182", + "question": "In what region of the country of S-Fone is The place of birth of John Phan located?", + "answer": "South Central Coast", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + 0 + ], + [ + "S-Fone", + 0 + ], + [ + "John Phan", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + [ + "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region." + ] + ], + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park", + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius. Covering 553 hectares, it is the largest regional park in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Paris", + [ + "The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Shooter (TV series)", + [ + "Shooter Promo art Genre Drama Action Thriller Based on Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter Developed by John Hlavin Starring Ryan Phillippe Shantel VanSanten Cynthia Addai - Robinson Eddie McClintock Omar Epps Josh Stewart Gerald McRaney Composer (s) Bobby Krlic Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 31 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Lorenzo di Bonaventura John Hlavin Stephen Levinson Mark Wahlberg Producer (s) Ryan Phillippe Production location (s) Vancouver, British Columbia Santa Clarita, California Cinematography Michael Eley Jamie Reynoso Editor (s) Gary D. Roach William Yeh Amy McGrath Zack Arnold Production company (s) Leverage Entertainment Closest to the Hole Productions Universal Cable Productions Paramount Television Distributor NBCUniversal Television Distribution CBS Television Distribution Release Original network USA Network Original release November 15, 2016 (2016 - 11 - 15) -- September 13, 2018 (2018 - 09 - 13) External links Website" + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane", + [ + "Archdiocese of Brisbane Archidioecesis Brisbanensis Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Brisbane Location Country Australia Territory South East region of Queensland, including Greater Brisbane Ecclesiastical province Brisbane 27 ° 27 ′ 56 ''S 153 ° 02 ′ 41'' E  /  27.46556 ° S 153.04472 ° E  / - 27.46556; 153.04472 Statistics Area 65,000 km (25,000 sq mi) Population - Total - Catholics (as of 2012) 2,849,000 663,000 (23.3%) Parishes 103 Information Denomination Catholic Church Sui iuris church Latin Church Rite Roman Rite Established 12 April 1859 as the Diocese of Brisbane; 10 May 1887 as the Archdiocese of Brisbane Cathedral Cathedral of St Stephen Patron saint Saint Mary of the Cross Secular priests 245 Current leadership Pope Francis Archbishop of Brisbane Mark Coleridge Auxiliary Bishops Joseph John Oudeman, O.F.M. Cap. Emeritus Bishops John Bathersby Website www.bne.catholic.net.au" + ] + ], + [ + "Take Me Home, Country Roads", + [ + "``Take Me Home, Country Roads ''One of earliest U.S. vinyl releases (A-side) Single by John Denver and Taffy Nivert from the album Poems, Prayers & Promises Released August 1971 Format 7'' vinyl, 12 ''vinyl, maxi, CD, digital download, cassette single, DataPlay single Recorded 1971 Genre Country Length 3: 08 Label RCA Records Songwriter (s) Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, John Denver Producer (s) Milton Okun, Susan Ruskin John Denver and Taffy Nivert singles chronology`` Friends With You'' (1971) ``Take Me Home, Country Roads ''(1971)`` Everyday'' (1972) ``Friends With You ''(1971)`` Take Me Home, Country Roads'' (1971) ``Everyday ''(1972) Olivia Newton - John singles chronology`` What Is Life'' (1972) What Is Life 1972 ``Take Me Home, Country Roads ''(1973) Take Me Home, Country Roads1973`` Let Me Be There'' (1973) Let Me Be There 1973 B - side B - side of one of earliest U.S. vinyl singles Audio sample file help" + ] + ], + [ + "Bodyguard (British TV series)", + [ + "Bodyguard Genre Drama Political thriller Created by Jed Mercurio Written by Jed Mercurio Directed by Thomas Vincent John Strickland Starring Richard Madden Keeley Hawes Composer (s) Ruth Barrett Ruskin Williamson Country of origin United Kingdom Original language (s) English No. of series No. of episodes 6 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Simon Heath Jed Mercurio Elizabeth Kilgarriff Producer (s) Priscilla Parish Eric Coulter Production location (s) London, UK Cinematography John Lee Editor (s) Steve Singleton (ep 1 -- 3) Andrew John McClelland (ep 4 -- 6) Running time 56 -- 75 minutes Production company (s) World Productions Distributor ITV Studios Global Entertainment Release Original network BBC One Picture format 1080i Audio format Stereo Original release 26 August 2018 (2018 - 08 - 26) -- present External links BBC Website Production website" + ] + ], + [ + "Dići", + [ + "Dići is a village situated in Ljig municipality in Serbia. The medieval church dedicated to St. John is located in the village. It was the burial place of 14th-century nobleman Vlgdrag." + ] + ], + [ + "Broward Correctional Institution", + [ + "The Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) was a correctional facility located in the former Country Estates CDP and in Southwest Ranches, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections. The Region IV Correctional Facility Office is located on the grounds of Broward Correctional Institution in the former Country Estates CDP. The prison was in proximity to Pembroke Pines. It was located along Sheridan Street, near U.S. Route 27." + ] + ], + [ + "S-Fone", + [ + "S-Fone is a mobile communication operator in Vietnam that uses the CDMA technology. Founded on 1 July 2003 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, S-fone became the third network of Vietnam, breaking the duopoly of the two VNPT operators. It is the trademark of S-Telecom (CDMA Mobile Phone Centre) (set up as a joint venture between Saigon Postel Corp. (SPT) and Korea SK Telecom). SK Telecom decided to leave the partnership in 2010. SPT has since then found it difficult to find a new partner, after a co-operation with Saigon Tel failed." + ] + ], + [ + "Phan Huy Quát", + [ + "Phan Huy Quát (Hà Tĩnh Province, 12 June 1908 – 27 April 1979) served as acting Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam and also as Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Mueang Phan", + [ + "Mueang Phan () is a village and \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Phan District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 19,326 people. The \"tambon\" contains 25 villages." + ] + ], + [ + "Icaria Planum", + [ + "Icaria Planum is a region on Mars in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars that is 566.59 km across and is located at 43.27 S and" + ] + ], + [ + "Khong Island", + [ + "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos." + ] + ], + [ + "John Phan", + [ + "Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships." + ] + ], + [ + "Lindhorst railway station", + [ + "Lindhorst is a railway station located in Lindhorst, Germany. The station is located on the Hannover to Minden railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn as part of the Hanover S-Bahn. Lindhorst is served by the S1. It is in the \"Region\" zone of Hannover. For Information see www.gvh.de" + ] + ], + [ + "Fire and Water (sculpture)", + [ + "Fire and Water is a public art work by American artist John Luttropp, located on the southwest side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The multi-element architectural sculpture was created for the entrance of the Milwaukee Fire Department Engine Company #25 station. It is located at 300 S. 84th St." + ] + ], + [ + "Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge", + [ + "The Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge is a bridge spanning the Mississippi River in the U. S. city of Sauk Rapids, Minnesota. Construction began on September 26, 2005; the bridge was completed in September 2007 and opened to traffic on October 23, 2007. The official dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony took place on November 16, 2007. The bridge replaced the former Sauk Rapids Bridge, located a short distance downriver, which was demolished in the fall and winter of 2007-2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Mohammad Zubair Khan", + [ + "Dr. Mohammad Zubair Khan has a doctorate in political economy from Johns Hopkins University. After working briefly for the World Bank, he worked at the International Monetary Fund from 1981 to 1992, assigned to a wide range of countries, including industrial countries in northern Europe and Turkey, developing countries in south Asia, the oil producing countries in the Middle East and countries in the South Pacific region." + ] + ], + [ + "Muang Kham, Chiang Rai", + [ + "Muang Kham () is a village and \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Phan District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8837 people. The \"tambon\" contains 17 villages." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__102087_214799_259594", + "question": "What is the three letter abbreviation for the country, which maintains border troops, that claims Bernd Baumgart as a citizen?", + "answer": "GDR", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Bernd Baumgart", + 0 + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + 0 + ], + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bernd Baumgart", + [ + "Bernd Baumgart (born 3 July 1955) is a German rower who competed for East Germany in the 1976 Summer Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Zacuscă", + [ + "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans." + ] + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf." + ] + ], + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + [ + "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Smoking age", + [ + "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products." + ] + ], + [ + "Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom", + [ + "FGM was outlawed in the UK by the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985, which made it an offence to perform FGM on children or adults. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 and the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005 made it an offence to arrange FGM outside the country for British citizens or permanent residents, whether or not it is lawful in the country to which the girl is taken." + ] + ], + [ + "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens", + [ + "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of New Zealand. As of 1 January 2017, New Zealand citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the New Zealand passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Irish and Japanese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index." + ] + ], + [ + "Sister Cities International", + [ + "Sister Cities International (SCI) is a nonprofit citizen diplomacy network that creates and strengthens partnerships between communities in the United States and those in other countries, particularly through the establishment of \"sister cities\". More than 2,000 cities, states and counties are partnered in over 140 countries around the world. The organization \"strives to build global cooperation at the municipal level, promote cultural understanding and stimulate economic development\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Togo", + [ + "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million." + ] + ], + [ + "North Korea", + [ + "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Edmund Burke", + [ + "In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal \"Rights of Men\". Price argued that love of our country \"does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government\". Instead, Price asserted that Englishmen should see themselves \"more as citizens of the world than as members of any particular community\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Cascade City", + [ + "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Turkey", + [ + "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E" + ] + ], + [ + "French passport", + [ + "French citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Sweden", + [ + "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada", + [ + "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa." + ] + ], + [ + "Liechtenstein", + [ + "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section)." + ] + ], + [ + "Spain", + [ + "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__304722_297619_63959", + "question": "When was the last time Cian Hughton's team beat the 1894–95 FA Cup winner?", + "answer": "1 December 2010", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Second City derby", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cian Hughton", + 0 + ], + [ + "1894–95 FA Cup", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "History of Everton F.C.", + [ + "Everton Football Club have a long and detailed history. The club's roots loosely lie with a Methodist New Connexion congregation who had a chapel on the corner of Breckfield Road North and St. Domingo Vale in Everton, Liverpool. Initially formed as St. Domingo FC, named after the location of the chapel, the football team was renamed Everton in 1878 after the district of Everton. Since then Everton have had a successful history winning the Cup Winners' Cup, the league title nine times and the FA Cup five times. They are the only club to have played over 100 seasons in the top flight of English football, the 2014 -- 15 season being their 112th." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Waltrip Racing", + [ + "Michael Waltrip Racing Holdings LLC, doing business as Michael Waltrip Racing (\"MWR\"), was an American professional stock car racing team that last competed full-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. The company was as a 50–50 partnership between Robert Kauffman, the founder and managing partner of Fortress Investment Group, and two-time Daytona 500 winner Michael Waltrip, who first established the team in 1996 in the Busch Series (now Xfinity Series). The team was the first full-time three-car team to field Toyota Camrys when Toyota entered the Sprint Cup racing fold in 2007, before being joined by Joe Gibbs Racing in 2008. MWR was also the last original Toyota team in the Sprint Cup Series to still be in operation, as Bill Davis Racing and Red Bull Racing Team have both ceased operations." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Chelsea F.C. managers", + [ + "Name Nat Tenure Honours Ted Drake England 1952 -- 1961 1955 First Division 1955 FA Charity Shield Tommy Docherty Scotland 1961 -- 1967 1965 Football League Cup Dave Sexton England 1967 -- 1974 1970 FA Cup 1971 European Cup Winners' Cup John Neal England 1981 -- 1985 1984 Second Division John Hollins England 1985 -- 1988 1986 Full Members Cup Bobby Campbell England 1988 -- 1991 1989 Second Division 1990 Full Members Cup Ruud Gullit Netherlands 1996 -- 1998 1997 FA Cup Gianluca Vialli Italy 1998 -- 2000 1998 Football League Cup 1998 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998 UEFA Super Cup 2000 FA Cup 2000 FA Charity Shield José Mourinho Portugal 2004 -- 2007 2013 -- 2015 2005 Football League Cup 2005 Premier League 2005 FA Community Shield 2006 Premier League 2007 Football League Cup 2007 FA Cup 2015 Football League Cup 2015 Premier League Guus Hiddink Netherlands 2009 2015 -- 2016 2009 FA Cup Carlo Ancelotti Italy 2009 -- 2011 2009 FA Community Shield 2010 Premier League 2010 FA Cup Roberto Di Matteo Italy 2012 2012 FA Cup 2012 UEFA Champions League Rafael Benítez Spain 2012 -- 2013 2013 UEFA Europa League Antonio Conte Italy 2016 -- 2018 2017 Premier League 2018 FA Cup" + ] + ], + [ + "Manchester United F.C.", + [ + "Following an eighth-place finish in the 1969–70 season and a poor start to the 1970–71 season, Busby was persuaded to temporarily resume managerial duties, and McGuinness returned to his position as reserve team coach. In June 1971, Frank O'Farrell was appointed as manager, but lasted less than 18 months before being replaced by Tommy Docherty in December 1972. Docherty saved Manchester United from relegation that season, only to see them relegated in 1974; by that time the trio of Best, Law, and Charlton had left the club. The team won promotion at the first attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the final again in 1977, beating Liverpool 2–1. Docherty was dismissed shortly afterwards, following the revelation of his affair with the club physiotherapist's wife.Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977. Despite major signings, including Joe Jordan, Gordon McQueen, Gary Bailey, and Ray Wilkins, the team failed to achieve any significant results; they finished in the top two in 1979–80 and lost to Arsenal in the 1979 FA Cup Final. Sexton was dismissed in 1981, even though the team won the last seven games under his direction. He was replaced by Ron Atkinson, who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from West Bromwich Albion. Under Atkinson, Manchester United won the FA Cup twice in three years – in 1983 and 1985. In 1985–86, after 13 wins and two draws in its first 15 matches, the club was favourite to win the league, but finished in fourth place. The following season, with the club in danger of relegation by November, Atkinson was dismissed." + ] + ], + [ + "Everton F.C.", + [ + "Current manager, Roberto Martínez, is the fourteenth permanent holder of the position since it was established in 1939. There have also been four caretaker managers, and before 1939 the team was selected by either the club secretary or by committee. The club's longest-serving manager has been Harry Catterick, who was in charge of the team from 1961–73, taking in 594 first team matches. The Everton manager to win most domestic and international trophies is Howard Kendall, who won two Division One championships, the 1984 FA Cup, the 1984 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and three Charity Shields." + ] + ], + [ + "FA Cup", + [ + "The FA Cup winners qualify for the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly named the UEFA Cup; until 1998 they entered the Cup Winners' Cup instead). This European place applies even if the team is relegated or is not in the English top flight. In the past, if the FA Cup winning team also qualified for the following season's Champions League or Europa League through their league position, then the losing FA Cup finalist was given the Europa League place instead. FA Cup winners enter the Europa League at the group stage. Losing finalists, if they entered the Europa League, began earlier, at the play-off or third qualifying round stage. From the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League season, however, UEFA will not allow the runners-up to qualify for the Europa League through the competition." + ] + ], + [ + "Everton F.C.", + [ + "Formed in 1878, Everton were founding members of The Football League in 1888 and won their first league championship two seasons later. Following four league titles and two FA Cup wins, Everton experienced a lull in the immediate post World War Two period until a revival in the 1960s which saw the club win two league championships and an FA Cup. The mid-1980s represented their most recent period of sustained success, with two League Championship successes, an FA Cup, and the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup. The club's most recent major trophy was the 1995 FA Cup. The club's supporters are known as Evertonians." + ] + ], + [ + "Arsenal F.C.", + [ + "For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their \"lucky\" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before." + ] + ], + [ + "Second City derby", + [ + "Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442" + ] + ], + [ + "Cian Hughton", + [ + "Cian James Hughton (born 25 January 1989) is a footballer who is a free agent after being released from Birmingham City in July 2012. A defender, he began his career with Tottenham Hotspur and played in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played international football for the Republic of Ireland under-21 team." + ] + ], + [ + "1894–95 FA Cup", + [ + "The Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game." + ] + ], + [ + "1914 FA Cup Final", + [ + "The 1914 FA Cup Final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London. It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Both teams were appearing in their first final." + ] + ], + [ + "Manchester City F.C.", + [ + "The club's most successful period was in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when they won the League Championship, FA Cup, League Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup under the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, culminating in relegation to the third tier of English football for the only time in their history in 1998. Having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s, the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has since become one of the wealthiest in the world. Since 2011, the club have won five major honours, including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "FA Cup", + [ + "The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers." + ] + ], + [ + "FA Cup", + [ + "ITV lost the rights to the FA Cup beginning with the 2014 -- 15 FA Cup, terrestrial rights will return to BBC Sport, with the final being shown on BBC One while BT Sport hold the pay TV rights. Under this deal, the BBC will show around the same number of games as ITV and still having the first pick for each round." + ] + ], + [ + "List of FIFA World Cup finals", + [ + "The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years, except in 1942 and 1946, when the competition was cancelled due to World War II. The most recent World Cup, hosted by Brazil in 2014, was won by Germany, who beat Argentina 1 -- 0 after extra time." + ] + ], + [ + "2005 FA Cup Final", + [ + "The 2005 FA Cup Final was a football match played between Arsenal and Manchester United on 21 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It was the final match of the 2004 -- 05 FA Cup, the 124th season of English football's primary cup competition, the FA Cup. Arsenal became the first team to win the FA Cup via a penalty shoot - out, despite being outplayed throughout the game, after neither side managed to score in the initial 90 minutes or in 30 minutes of extra time. The shoot - out finished 5 -- 4 to Arsenal, with Patrick Vieira scoring the winning penalty after Paul Scholes' shot was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Jens Lehmann." + ] + ], + [ + "Singapore FA Cup", + [ + "After the Singapore Cup and League Cup, the Singapore FA Cup is the next major cup competition in Singapore. For a number of years, the FA Cup was solely restricted to NFL Clubs. In 2006, S.League clubs were once again allowed in the competition, but were only permitted to field their developmental Prime League teams. The team matchups were drawn out of a hat against one another for the initial 2006 and 2007 seasons before being seeded into two groups after 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League" + ] + ], + [ + "1985 FA Cup Final", + [ + "Late in the second half, Kevin Moran of Manchester United was sent off for a professional foul on Peter Reid, who was clean through on goal. He became the first player to be dismissed in an FA Cup Final. Television cameras revealed that he had gone for the ball, and not for Peter Reid in the offending tackle. He was later presented with the winner's medal that had at first been withheld. Had Everton won the match they would have completed an unprecedented Treble of League, FA Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__540585_568433_51423", + "question": "What is the name of the castle in the city where the headquarters of the production company of Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is located?", + "answer": "Casa Loma", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Casa Loma", + 0 + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + 0 + ], + [ + "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "BorsodChem", + [ + "Wanhua-BorsodChem – as the European member of the Wanhua Group – is a leading chemical raw material manufacturing company headquartered in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The company specialized for isocyanates (MDI, TDI), PVC and chlor-alkali (vinyl) businesses. The main production site is located in Kazincbarcika, Hungary but the production is also supported by other European production capacities located in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. Several branch offices are available in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and Poland." + ] + ], + [ + "National Football League team captains", + [ + "Players who have been named a team captain typically have a ``C ''patch on their jerseys. There is a standard design used by all teams participating in the captaincy program. The patches are in team colors and are worn on the front left or right breast (depending on other patches, etc. worn by the specific team). The number of stars filled in on the patch represents the number of consecutive years that player has been named captain by that team. If they've been named captain for longer than four years, the`` C'' on the patch is gold. Some teams (e.g. Pittsburgh and New England) do not have this patch on their jerseys but still designate captains. In the case of the Green Bay Packers, they would use weekly captains during the regular season, but would switch to assigning captains whenever they qualify for the playoffs." + ] + ], + [ + "Aerotech Consumer Aerospace", + [ + "The company's headquarters are located in Cedar City, Utah and its products are sold mainly through US and international dealers. They specialize in APCP mid and high power rocket motors, as well as supplying rocket kits designed around their motors." + ] + ], + [ + "Československé hudební nástroje", + [ + "Československé hudební nástroje, oborový podník (Czechoslovak Musical Instruments, specialized business) was — during the era of communist Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1992 — a state owned music instrument manufacturing company headquartered in Hradec Králové. The company name was later amended — \"Československé hudební nástroje, státní podník\" — to reflect ownership by the government. In the 1970s, 50% of its musical instrument export products were supplied to the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Miller Brewing Company", + [ + "The Miller Brewing Company is an American beer brewing company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia; Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin; Fort Worth, Texas; Irwindale, California; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Trenton, Ohio. On July 1, 2008, SABMiller formed MillerCoors, a joint venture with rival Molson Coors to consolidate the production and distribution of its products in the United States, with each parent company's corporate operations and international operations to remain separate and independent of the joint venture." + ] + ], + [ + "Katzenstein Castle", + [ + "Katzenstein Castle is one of the oldest remaining Hohenstaufen castles in Germany. It is located in a borough that shares its name with the castle in the Dischingen municipality of the Heidenheim district of Baden-Württemberg. The castle is open to visitors and contains several dining rooms as well as hotel rooms." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Delaware State Park", + [ + "Fort Delaware State Park is a Delaware state park on Pea Patch Island in New Castle County, Delaware, in the United States. A fortress was built on Pea Patch Island by the United States Army in 1815, near the conclusion of the War of 1812, to protect the harbors of Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The fort was burned and rebuilt in the years prior to the American Civil War, and soon after the start of the war the fort was converted to a Prisoner of War camp. Fort Delaware continued to protect the mouth of the Delaware River through World War I and II. Pea Patch Island and Fort Delaware was declared surplus land by the United States Department of Defense in 1945." + ] + ], + [ + "Cabbage Patch Kids", + [ + "Cabbage Patch Kids are a line of soft sculptured doll - like creatures sold by Xavier Roberts and registered in the United States copyright office in 1978." + ] + ], + [ + "Jamnagar district", + [ + "Jamnagar District is a district of India located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat. Its headquarters are located in the eponymous city of Jamnagar. It hosts the production facilities of several large Indian companies such as Reliance and Essar. Among its attractions are several palaces, a Marine National Park and a Bird Sanctuary, known as Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary." + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Loma", + [ + "Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level." + ] + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + [ + "Turner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio." + ] + ], + [ + "Amblin Entertainment", + [ + "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name." + ] + ], + [ + "Dark Castle Entertainment", + [ + "Dark Castle Entertainment is an American film production label and a division of Silver Pictures, a production house formerly affiliated with Warner Bros. It was formed in 1999 by Joel Silver, Robert Zemeckis, and Gilbert Adler. Susan Downey was the Vice President of Development until February 2009, a term running congruent to her tenure as a VP of Production at parent company Silver Pictures." + ] + ], + [ + "Musikvergnuegen", + [ + "Musikvergnuegen (mew-zik-verg-new-gan), sometimes abbreviated to \"MusikV\", is a music and sound design production company located in Los Angeles, California. The company name translates into English as \"enjoyment of music\". It was founded by Austrian-born composer Walter Werzowa." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta DMD", + [ + "Delta DMD (), a subsidiary company of Delta Holding, is an importer and wholesaler of food and beauty products with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. It is also operating in neighboring Montenegro. It was founded in 1997, and has around 340 employees." + ] + ], + [ + "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids", + [ + "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is a 2003 American-Canadian computer-animated television special from Nelvana that premiered on Treehouse TV and Nick Jr. on March 31, 2003. It was based on David Kirk's book series of the same name and serves as the pilot to the show \"Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends\". Voices included Brooke Shields, Rick Moranis and Tony Jay. The characters are CGI animated insects and arachnids in a relatively natural setting, but with anthropomorphic qualities appropriate for a children's story." + ] + ], + [ + "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends", + [ + "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends (sometimes shortened to \"Sunny Patch\") is a Canadian-British children's television series based on the children's books by David Kirk. The series originally aired on Teletoon in Canada and Nickelodeon in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "The Home Depot", + [ + "The Home Depot, Inc. or Home Depot is an American home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. The company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in unincorporated Cobb County, Georgia (with an Atlanta mailing address)." + ] + ], + [ + "Patch Grove, Wisconsin", + [ + "Patch Grove is a village in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 198 at the 2010 census. The village is located within the Town of Patch Grove." + ] + ], + [ + "Great Wolf Resorts", + [ + "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__96414_47902", + "question": "Who is the actor who plays the title character of The Bourne Ultimatum?", + "answer": "Matt Damon", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Bourne Legacy (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Bourne Ultimatum", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Alfred Adam", + [ + "Alfred Adam (4 April 1908 – 7 May 1982) was a French stage and film character actor, who usually played weak or villainous roles." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Legacy (film)", + [ + "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the \"Jason Bourne\" novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by \"The Bourne Identity\" (2002), \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (2004), and \"The Bourne Ultimatum\" (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first \"Bourne\" novel, \"The Bourne Legacy\", the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton." + ] + ], + [ + "Tristan von Lahnstein", + [ + "Tristan von Lahnstein is a fictional character of the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is played by actor Jens Hartwig. He first appeared on 23 October 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "Ludwig von Lahnstein", + [ + "Ludwig von Lahnstein is a fictional character of the German soap opera \"Verbotene Liebe (Forbidden Love)\". The character is played by actor Krystian Martinek. He appeared from 22 December 2009 to the character's death on 23 April 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)", + [ + "The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Sanction", + [ + "The Bourne Sanction is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the sixth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on July 29, 2008. It is Lustbader's third Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Betrayal\" that was published in 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Legacy (film)", + [ + "The titular character Jason Bourne does not appear in The Bourne Legacy, because actor Matt Damon chose not to return for the fourth film, due to Paul Greengrass not directing. Bourne is shown in pictures and mentioned by name several times throughout the film. Tony Gilroy, co-screenwriter of the first three films, sought to continue the story of the film series without changing its key events, and parts of The Bourne Legacy take place at the same time as the previous film, The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Betrayal", + [ + "The Bourne Betrayal is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the fifth novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was published in June 2007. It is Lustbader's second Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Legacy\" that was published in 2004. Lustbader has written a sequel to \"The Bourne Betrayal\" titled \"The Bourne Sanction\"." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Legacy (film)", + [ + "The Bourne Legacy is a 2012 American action thriller film directed by Tony Gilroy, and is the fourth installment in the series of films adapted from the Jason Bourne novels originated by Robert Ludlum and continued by Eric Van Lustbader, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002), The Bourne Supremacy (2004), and The Bourne Ultimatum (2007). Although this film has the same title as Van Lustbader's first Bourne novel, The Bourne Legacy, the actual screenplay bears little resemblance to the novel. Unlike the novel, which features Jason Bourne as the principal character, the film centers on black ops agent Aaron Cross (played by Jeremy Renner), an original character. In addition to Renner, the film stars Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton." + ] + ], + [ + "Charles Lamy", + [ + "Charles Lamy (28 August 1857 – 15 June 1940) was a French actor. He was often cast to play aristocratic characters." + ] + ], + [ + "Bourne (film series)", + [ + "Film U.S. release date Director Screenwriter (s) Story by Producer (s) The Bourne Identity June 14, 2002 (2002 - 06 - 14) Doug Liman Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron Doug Liman, Patrick Crowley and Richard N. Gladstein The Bourne Supremacy July 23, 2004 (2004 - 07 - 23) Paul Greengrass Tony Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley and Paul L. Sandberg The Bourne Ultimatum August 3, 2007 (2007 - 08 - 03) Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi Tony Gilroy The Bourne Legacy August 10, 2012 (2012 - 08 - 10) Tony Gilroy Tony Gilroy and Dan Gilroy Frank Marshall, Patrick Crowley, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith Jason Bourne July 29, 2016 (2016 - 07 - 29) Paul Greengrass Paul Greengrass and Christopher Rouse Matt Damon, Paul Greengrass, Gregory Goodman, Frank Marshall, Jeffrey M. Weiner and Ben Smith" + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Deception", + [ + "The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Canadian Tire guy", + [ + "The Canadian Tire guy is a character played by actor Ted Simonett in a series of television commercials for Canadian Tire stores that ran for eight years. The character typically touted the features and benefits of products unique to Canadian Tire in a friendly, helpful everyday scenario." + ] + ], + [ + "Bourne (film series)", + [ + "Producer Frank Marshall said Universal Pictures is hoping to plan a sequel to Jason Bourne, making it the sixth Bourne film. He also stated that a sequel to The Bourne Legacy featuring Renner's Cross is unlikely although he did not explicitly rule it out. However, in March 2017, Matt Damon cast doubt upon a sequel, hinting that people ``might be done ''with the character." + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Ellis (actor)", + [ + "Thomas John Ellis (born 17 November 1978) is a Welsh actor. He is known for playing the title character Lucifer in Fox's Lucifer and as Gary Preston in Miranda." + ] + ], + [ + "Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje", + [ + "Adewale Akinnuoye - Agbaje (/ ˌædeɪˈwɑːleɪ ˌækɪˈnuː. eɪ ɑː ɡˈbɑːdʒeɪ /; born 22 August 1967) is an English actor and former fashion model. He is best known for his roles as Lock - Nah in The Mummy Returns, Nykwana Wombosi in The Bourne Identity, Mr. Eko on Lost, and Simon Adebisi on Oz. His more recent roles include Malko in the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, providing the voice to the title character on the animated series Major Lazer, Dave Duerson in the NFL biopic drama Concussion, and Killer Croc in Suicide Squad." + ] + ], + [ + "Bob Elkins", + [ + "Bob Elkins (born 1932) is an American character actor who has appeared in movies, plays and television productions. He is sometimes credited as Robert Elkins." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bourne Ultimatum", + [ + "The Bourne Ultimatum is the third Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (1986). First published in 1990, it was the last Bourne novel to be written by Ludlum himself. Eric Van Lustbader wrote a sequel titled \"The Bourne Legacy\" fourteen years later." + ] + ], + [ + "Dominique Pinon", + [ + "Dominique Pinon (born 4 March 1955) is a French actor. He is known for appearing in films directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet, often playing eccentric or grotesque characters." + ] + ], + [ + "Jason Morgan (General Hospital)", + [ + "Jason Morgan is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital. Created by Thom Racina and Leah Laiman, he is most notably played by Daytime Emmy Award - winning actor Steve Burton, who joined the cast in 1991 and vacated the role in 2012. Jason was born offscreen in September 1981 and the character made his onscreen debut in November 1981 as the son of Dr. Alan Quartermaine (Stuart Damon) and his mistress, Susan Moore (Gail Ramsey), later adopted by Alan's wife Dr. Monica Quartermaine (Leslie Charleson). As one of the longest - running characters on the show, the role was played by various child actors from 1982 to 1986. In 2014, actor Billy Miller was cast in the role." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__15258_54866", + "question": "What actress plays the princess who England proposed to affiliate with Wales to quell a rebellion?", + "answer": "Jodie Comer", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Elizabeth II", + 0 + ], + [ + "The White Princess (miniseries)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bridget of York", + [ + "Bridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville." + ] + ], + [ + "69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess", + [ + "69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess is an experimental novel by the British writer Stewart Home, first published by Canongate in 2002. It tells the story of a suicidal man investigating a conspiracy theory about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, with lots of explicit sex and philosophical discussions, and was positively reviewed by \"The Times\" and the \"London Review of Books\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Smoking ban in England", + [ + "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth II", + [ + "Name Birth Marriage Their children Their grandchildren Date Spouse Charles, Prince of Wales 14 November 1948 29 July 1981 Divorced 28 August 1996 Lady Diana Spencer Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Prince Henry of Wales None 9 April 2005 Camilla Parker Bowles None Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950 14 November 1973 Divorced 28 April 1992 Mark Phillips Peter Phillips Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips Zara Tindall Mia Tindall 12 December 1992 Timothy Laurence None Prince Andrew, Duke of York 19 February 1960 23 July 1986 Divorced 30 May 1996 Sarah Ferguson Princess Beatrice of York None Princess Eugenie of York None Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 10 March 1964 19 June 1999 Sophie Rhys - Jones Lady Louise Windsor None James, Viscount Severn None" + ] + ], + [ + "Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes", + [ + "Cynthia Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes (née Spencer; born 11 February 1957) is one of the two older sisters of Diana, Princess of Wales, the other being Lady Sarah McCorquodale." + ] + ], + [ + "Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales", + [ + "Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (1252 – 19 June 1282) was an English noble. She was the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England. She was also the second woman who can be shown to have used the title Princess of Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Dancing Brave", + [ + "Dancing Brave was a bay colt with a white snip and three white feet, standing sixteen hands high, bred by the Glen Oak Farm in Kentucky. He was not a particularly attractive individual as a young horse, being described as parrot-mouthed with imperfect forelegs. Dancing Brave was sired by Lyphard out of Navajo Princess, a mare who won sixteen races including the Molly Pitcher Handicap. Navajo Princess was a descendant of the mare Stolen Kiss, who was the ancestor of notable racehorses including the Epsom Derby winner Henbit and the Kentucky Derby winner Lucky Debonair." + ] + ], + [ + "National parks of the United Kingdom", + [ + "There are currently thirteen national parks (Welsh: parciau cenedlaethol) in England and Wales. Each park is operated by its own national park authority, with two ``statutory purposes '':" + ] + ], + [ + "Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar", + [ + "Eleanor of England (18 June 1269 – 29 August 1298) was an English princess, the eldest surviving daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Queen Eleanor of Castile." + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Evans (rugby player)", + [ + "Thomas Henry Evans (31 December 1882 - 19 March 1955) was a Welsh international rugby union flanker who played club rugby for Llanelli. Evans played in eighteen international games for Wales, and in 1908 was part of the Welsh team that faced touring Australian team. Evans played in four Home Nations Championships, from 1906 to 1909, and the first two Five Nations Championships, in 1910 and 1911; playing in three Triple Crown winning seasons." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth II", + [ + "During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London." + ] + ], + [ + "Cwrtmawr manuscripts", + [ + "The Cwrtmawr Manuscripts are a collection of 1,549 volumes of medieval Welsh documents, mainly texts of Welsh literature, collected by John Humphreys Davies, who lived at Cwrtmawr near Llangeitho in Ceredigion and was principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth from 1919-1926. The manuscripts are now kept in the National Library of Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "1973 Japan rugby union tour of Wales, England and France", + [ + "The 1973 Japan rugby union tour of England, Wales and France was a series of eleven matches played by the Japan national rugby union team in Wales, England and France in September and October 1973. The Japanese team won only of two of their matches and lost the other nine. Neither Wales nor France awarded full international caps for their games against Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "Normans", + [ + "Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Sapphire Princess", + [ + "\"Sapphire Princess\" was built in Japan by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the second Princess Cruises ship to be built in a Japanese shipyard. Her only sister ship is \"Diamond Princess\", with whom she swapped names during construction." + ] + ], + [ + "Prince of Wales", + [ + "The current and longest - serving Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53 - member Commonwealth of Nations. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales. Prince Charles's first wife, Diana, used that title but his second wife, Camilla, uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall (or of Rothesay when in Scotland) because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana." + ] + ], + [ + "Slave of Kiss", + [ + "Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. \"Kiss\" is a cover of a Princess Princess song of the same name. A month later, the song was placed on the Princess Princess tribute album, \"14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~\" as track #2. The EP includes an English version of Kitade's fifth single, \"Kiss or Kiss\". The A-side of this EP track #4 \"sweet frozen kiss\" is featured on her second album \"I scream\" . The EP reached #79 on the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for a total of one week. At this point of her career, Kitade drastically changed her clothing to Gothic Lolita for the \"Kiss\" video." + ] + ], + [ + "Australian Police Rugby Union", + [ + "The Australian Police Rugby Union Association Inc. (A.P.R.U.) was first established in 1998 with a view to travelling to the 1999 IRB Rugby World Cup in Wales, Ireland and England. A team comprising representatives predominantly from New South Wales and the Australian Federal Police departed and played a number of games against the London Metropolitan Police, Irish Garda, Welsh and Combined British Police sides, with mixed success. Shortly after this Tour, the A.P.R.U. was disbanded." + ] + ], + [ + "The White Princess (miniseries)", + [ + "Jodie Comer as Elizabeth ``Lizzie ''of York, the Queen of England Rebecca Benson as Margaret`` Maggie'' Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy Jacob Collins - Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess. Amy Manson as Catherine ``Cathy ''Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__455158_247871", + "question": "What county is the NRHEG High School located in?", + "answer": "Waseca County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "NRHEG High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "New Richland, Minnesota", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount View High School (Maine)", + [ + "Mount View High School is a public high school located in Thorndike, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Maine School Administrative District 3, and serves students from the towns of Brooks, Freedom, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Monroe, Montville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity and Waldo." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Moorea-Maiao", + [ + "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Hörnli", + [ + "Hörnli mountain is located on the territory of the community of Fischenthal, in the Zürcher Oberland, in the eastern part of canton of Zürich, in Switzerland. It is high." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashland Community High School", + [ + "Ashland Community High School was located in Ashland, Maine, USA. It was part of Maine School Administrative District 32, or MSAD 32, which serves Ashland, Garfield Plantation, Masardis, Oxbow, Portage Lake and Sheridan, Maine. There was a student population of 200 in school grades 7–12, with eighteen faculty members as well as administrators, a counselor and three support personnel. The school had achieved accredited status with the New England Association of Schools and Colleges." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "NRHEG High School", + [ + "NRHEG High School is located in New Richland, Minnesota. NRHEG stands for New Richland, Hartland, Ellendale, Geneva, which are the towns that the school district covers." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "New Richland, Minnesota", + [ + "New Richland is a city in Waseca County, Minnesota, United States. The city was founded in 1877. The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census. Located in rural south-central Minnesota, New Richland is a small town with a strong agricultural base. In 2013, the NRHEG High School Women's Basketball team won the State Tournament." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__189094_612080", + "question": "What league does the team that occupies the Rabat Ajax Football Ground belong to?", + "answer": "Maltese Premier League", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Malcolm Licari", + 0 + ], + [ + "Rabat Ajax Football Ground", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Arlind Rustemi", + [ + "Arlind Rustemi (born 7 February 1986 in Vlorë) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward. As of the 2010–11 season he played for KF Vlora in the Albanian First Division. In October 2011 he moved to Maltese side Rabat Ajax, and scored on his debut." + ] + ], + [ + "Whitefield Park", + [ + "Whitefield Park was a football ground in Cambuslang, Scotland. It was the home ground of Cambuslang F.C. between 1888 and 1897, including their two seasons in the Scottish Football League." + ] + ], + [ + "Regillio Simons", + [ + "Simons started playing football at FC Amstelland. He played for SC Telstar, Fortuna Sittard, NAC, Willem II (football club), Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan), ADO Den Haag and TOP Oss. In his best time he was employed by Fortuna Sittard. In the 1998–99 season he had a big contribution with two goals in the 1–3 victory over Ajax in Amsterdam Arena. In that same year he scored four times in the 6–4 home win against PSV Eindhoven. After his professional career he defended several years the colors of FC Türkiyemspor, an Amsterdam amateur club playing in the top Sunday league. From summer 2008 he played for the AFC Ajax (amateurs) for two years." + ] + ], + [ + "Gervais Batota", + [ + "Gervais Batota (born 10 March 1982 in Brazzaville) is a French-Congolese footballer. He currently plays for FCM Târgoviște. In January 2011 he signed a -year contract with FUS de Rabat ." + ] + ], + [ + "Llanberis F.C.", + [ + "Llanberis F.C. () are a Welsh football club currently playing in the Welsh Alliance League Division 1. Their ground is located in the centre of the village. Their nickname is Y Darans." + ] + ], + [ + "Silvio Vella", + [ + "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax." + ] + ], + [ + "Malcolm Licari", + [ + "Malcolm Licari (born 18 April 1978 in Pietà, Malta) is a retired professional footballer playing for Pietà Hotspurs, Marsaxlokk, Floriana, Balzan and Rabat Ajax in the Maltese Premier League, where he plays as a striker, and also occasionally as a defender. Malcolm Licari used to be captain of Marsaxlokk before his move to Floriana at the end of 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "Bisley F.C.", + [ + "Bisley F.C. (1965–2010) was a football club based in Bisley in Surrey Heath, Surrey, England, who played from 2001 in part of the Hellenic Football League until the 2009–10 season, after which its players agreed to join the Farnborough F.C. Reserves and permitted Farnborough F.C. to therefore takeover its \"Lion Park\" grounds and position in the league, which has regular paid match attendance at its main ground and uses the site as its football academy and elite development centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Melbourne Football Club", + [ + "The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a professional Australian rules football club, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)." + ] + ], + [ + "Kynoch Park", + [ + "Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated." + ] + ], + [ + "Thabiso Nkoana", + [ + "Thabiso Nkoana (born 28 October 1992) is a South African footballer who plays for Ajax Cape Town as a striker." + ] + ], + [ + "Dudley Road", + [ + "Dudley Road was a football ground in Wolverhampton in England. It was the home ground of Wolverhampton Wanderers between 1881 and 1889, and was used during the first season of the Football League." + ] + ], + [ + "2015 AFL Grand Final", + [ + "The 2015 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the West Coast Eagles at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 3 October 2015. It was the 119th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2015 AFL season. The match, attended by 98,632 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 46 points, marking the club's third consecutive premiership and thirteenth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Cyril Rioli was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground." + ] + ], + [ + "Rabat Ajax Football Ground", + [ + "The Rabat Ajax Football Ground is the training ground of Maltese football team Rabat Ajax F.C. and is located in the town of Mtarfa." + ] + ], + [ + "Bantu Mzwakali", + [ + "Bantu Mzwakali (born 9 November 199) is a South African football midfielder for Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town and the South Africa U20." + ] + ], + [ + "Abderrahim Achchakir", + [ + "Abderrahim Achchakir (born December 15, 1986) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for FAR Rabat and the Morocco national team. He was a member of the Morocco national team at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa." + ] + ], + [ + "Nwankwo Kanu", + [ + "Born in Owerri, Nigeria, Kanu began his career at Nigerian league club Federation Works, before moving to Iwuanyanwu Nationale. After a notable performance at the U-17 World Championships he was signed by Dutch Eredivisie AFC Ajax in 1993 for €207,047. He made his Ajax debut the following year and went on to score 25 goals in 54 appearances. Kanu also came on as a sub in Ajax's 1995 Champions League final win over AC Milan." + ] + ], + [ + "Sander Westerveld", + [ + "Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974) is a Dutch former professional football goalkeeper who is the goalkeeping coach of South African Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town." + ] + ], + [ + "Mosset Park", + [ + "Mosset Park is a football ground in the town of Forres in the north-east of Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Forres Mechanics F.C.. It is located on Lea Road in the north of the town and has a capacity of 2,700, with 502 seated." + ] + ], + [ + "Railways Ground", + [ + "Railways Ground is a multi-use stadium in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is primarily used for football and is currently the home ground for PMC Club Athletico Faisalabad of the Pakistan Premier League. The stadium holds 10,000 spectators. Some football matches attract around 10,000 people." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__93145_54024", + "question": "Which king, who was England's rule in 1616, translated the Bible?", + "answer": "King James I of England", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "King James Version", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of state leaders in 1616", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "New International Version", + [ + "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into Greek", + [ + "The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons." + ] + ], + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian Synodal Bible", + [ + "The Russian Synodal Bible (Russian: Синодальный перевод, The Synodal Translation) is a Russian non-Church Slavonic translation of the Bible commonly used by the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Baptists and other Protestant as well as Roman Catholic communities in Russia." + ] + ], + [ + "Westminster Abbey", + [ + "Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940." + ] + ], + [ + "Translation", + [ + "One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the \"Septuagint\", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria, Egypt. Each translator worked in solitary confinement in his own cell, and according to legend all seventy versions proved identical. The Septuagint became the source text for later translations into many languages, including Latin, Coptic, Armenian and Georgian." + ] + ], + [ + "William Shakespeare", + [ + "William Shakespeare (/ ˈʃeɪkspɪər /; 26 April 1564 (baptised) -- 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the ``Bard of Avon ''. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright." + ] + ], + [ + "Let there be light", + [ + "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר ‎ (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Harrison (translator)", + [ + "Thomas Harrison (1555, London – 1631) was an English Puritan scholar, a Vice-Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and one of the translators for the King James Version of the Bible." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into English", + [ + "Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English. More than 450 translations into English have been written." + ] + ], + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "It was first printed by Robert Barker, the King's Printer, and was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first had been the Great Bible, commissioned in the reign of King Henry VIII (1535), and the second had been the Bishops' Bible, commissioned in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1568). In January 1604, King James I convened the Hampton Court Conference, where a new English version was conceived in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans, a faction of the Church of England. The translation is noted for its ``majesty of style '', and has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English - speaking world." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into Greek", + [ + "The first known translation of the Bible into Greek is called the Septuagint (LXX; 3rd -- 1st centuries BC). The LXX was written in Koine Greek. It contains the Hebrew Bible translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. It also includes several other documents which are considered to have differing levels of authority by various Christian churches. Some of these other documents are believed to have been written originally in Greek." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into English", + [ + "Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611." + ] + ], + [ + "King James Version", + [ + "In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England." + ] + ], + [ + "List of state leaders in 1616", + [ + "Kingdom of Denmark -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) Duchy of Schleswig -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule England - James I, King of England (1603 -- 1625) France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610 -- 1643) Holy Roman Empire -- Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (1612 -- 1619) Bremen, Prince - Archbishopric -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Archbishopric (1596 -- 1634) Holstein, Duchy -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule Prince - Bishopric of Lübeck -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Bishopric (1607 -- 1634) Ottoman (Turkish) Empire -- Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (1603 -- 1617) Poland - Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (1587 -- 1632) Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613 -- 1645) Kingdom of Scotland -- James VI (1587 -- 1625) Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves -- Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal (1598 -- 1621) Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus (1611 -- 1632) United Provinces Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581 -- 1795) Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585 -- 1625) Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586 -- 1619) Republic of Venice -- Giovanni Bembo, Doge of Venice (1615 -- 1618)" + ] + ], + [ + "James Kleist", + [ + "Kleist joined with Joseph Lilly, C.M., to produce a more modern English translation of the Bible than the Douai Bible then in common usage among Catholics. Under their editorship the work was laid to produce to the \"Kleist-Lilly\" translation, published posthumously in 1954, although work was completed by Christmas 1948. It never gained widespread acceptance, though, and was later totally supplanted by the translations produced by the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, which culminated in the publication of the New American Bible in 1970." + ] + ], + [ + "Angel of the Lord", + [ + "The term malakh YHWH occurs 65 times in the text of the Hebrew Bible. In English translation it is usually accompanied with the definite article, King James Version ``the angel of the LORD ''; less frequently it is accompanied by the indefinite article, King James Version,`` an angel of the LORD''." + ] + ], + [ + "Hundred Years' War", + [ + "The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession to the French throne. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong national identities in both countries." + ] + ], + [ + "The Message (Bible)", + [ + "The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language was created and translated by Eugene H. Peterson and published in segments from 1993 to 2002. It is an idiomatic translation of the original languages of the Bible. The Message was translated by Peterson from the original languages. It is a highly idiomatic translation, using contemporary slang from the US rather than a more neutral International English, and it falls on the extreme dynamic end of the dynamic and formal equivalence spectrum." + ] + ], + [ + "Christoph Froschauer", + [ + "Christoph Froschauer (ca. 1490 – 1 April 1564) was the first printer in Zurich, notably for printing the Froschauer Bible, the Zwinglian Bible translation. His workshop is the nucleus of the Orell Füssli publishing house." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__326964_846_7713", + "question": "How long had the city where the Yongle Emperor greeted the Karmapa been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location?", + "answer": "about 400 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was \"well-disposed towards Buddhism\", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads," + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:" + ] + ], + [ + "History of Beijing", + [ + "The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest - dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin. When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol - led Yuan dynasty (1279 -- 1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time. From 1279 onward, with the exception of two interludes from 1368 to 1420 and 1928 to 1949, Beijing would remain as China's capital, serving as the seat of power for the Ming dynasty (1421 -- 1644), the Manchu - led Qing dynasty (1644 -- 1912), the early Republic of China (1912 -- 1928) and now the People's Republic of China (1949 -- present)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civil war going on in Tibet between rival religious sects, but the first emperor was anxious to avoid the same trouble that Tibet had caused for the Tang dynasty. Instead of recognizing the Phagmodru ruler, the Hongwu Emperor sided with the Karmapa of the nearer Kham region and southeastern Tibet, sending envoys out in the winter of 1372–1373 to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Even though the Gelug exchanged gifts with and sent missions to the Ming court up until the 1430s, the Gelug was not mentioned in the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu. On this, historian Li Tieh-tseng says of Tsongkhapa's refusal of Ming invitations to visit the Yongle Emperor's court:" + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Despite this glowing message by the Emperor, Chan writes that a year later in 1446, the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs. Until then, the court was unaware that Deshin Shekpa had died in 1415. The Ming court had believed that the representatives of the Karma Kagyu who continued to visit the Ming capital were sent by the Karmapa." + ] + ], + [ + "Yaxing Coach", + [ + "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the Ming dynasty", + [ + "After lying dormant and dilapidated for decades, the Grand Canal was restored under the Yongle Emperor's rule from 1411 -- 1415. The impetus for restoring the canal was to solve the perennial problem of shipping grain north to Beijing. Shipping the annual 4,000,000 shi (one shi is equal to 107 liters) was made difficult with an inefficient system of shipping grain through the East China Sea or by several different inland canals that necessitated the transferring of grain onto several different barge types in the process, including shallow and deep - water barges. William Atwell quotes Ming dynasty sources that state the amount of collected tax grain was actually 30 million shi (93 million bushels), much larger than what Brook notes. The Yongle Emperor commissioned some 165,000 workers to dredge the canal bed in western Shandong and built a series of fifteen canal locks. The reopening of the Grand Canal had implications for Nanjing as well, as it was surpassed by the well - positioned city of Suzhou as the paramount commercial center of China. Despite greater efficiency, there were still factors which the government could not control that limited the transportation of taxed grain; for example, in 1420 a widespread crop failure and poor harvest dramatically reduced the tax grain delivered to the central government." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:" + ] + ], + [ + "Heian period", + [ + "The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the capital a second time, to Heian. The Heian Period is considered a high point in Japanese culture that later generations have always admired. The period is also noted for the rise of the samurai class, which would eventually take power and start the feudal period of Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Delhi", + [ + "The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him." + ] + ], + [ + "List of capitals in Pakistan", + [ + "Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan on 14 August 1967, exactly 20 years after the country's independence. Previously, Rawalpindi was the capital, designated in 1958. The first capital of Pakistan was the coastal city of Karachi, which was selected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Karachi was and still is the largest city and economic capital of Pakistan. It remained the seat of government until 1959, when the military president, Ayub Khan, decided to build a new capital in the north of Pakistan, near the general headquarters of the Pakistani Armed Forces at Rawalpindi." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful." + ] + ], + [ + "Anzoátegui", + [ + "Anzoátegui State (, ) is one of the 23 component states of Venezuela, located in the northeastern region of the country. Anzoátegui is well known for its beaches that attract many visitors. Its coast consists of a single beach approximately 100 km long. Its capital is the city of Barcelona, and significant cities include Puerto la Cruz and El Tigre." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__161602_474028_88460_20985", + "question": "Does the capital city hold the majority of the population in the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is from?", + "answer": "largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A Don", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Darwin, Northern Territory", + [ + "Darwin (/ ˈdɑːrwɪn / (listen) DAR - win) is the capital city of the Northern Territory of Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin is the largest city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, with a population of 142,300. It is the smallest and most northerly of the Australian capital cities, and acts as the Top End's regional centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Dubai", + [ + "Dubai (/ duːˈbaɪ / doo - BY; Arabic: دبي ‎ Dubay, Gulf pronunciation: (dʊˈbɑj)) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the country. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's Federal Supreme Council. The city of Dubai is located on the emirate's northern coastline and heads the Dubai - Sharjah - Ajman metropolitan area. Dubai will host World Expo 2020." + ] + ], + [ + "A Don", + [ + "A Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi)." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most - populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship." + ] + ], + [ + "Nairobi", + [ + "Nairobi (/ naɪˈroʊbi /; locally (naɪˈroːbi)) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The name comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nairobi, which translates to ``cool water '', a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper has a population of 3,138,369, while the metropolitan area has a population of 6,547,547. The city is popularly referred to as the Green City in the Sun. Nairobi is famous for being the only city in the world that hosts a national park, the Nairobi national Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottawa", + [ + "Ottawa (/ ˈɒtəwə / (listen), / - wɑː /; French pronunciation: ​ (ɔtawa)) is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the Ottawa -- Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). As of 2016, Ottawa had a city population of 964,743 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth - largest city and the fifth - largest CMA in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint Paul, Minnesota", + [ + "Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital and second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2017, the city's estimated population was 309,180. Saint Paul is the county seat of Ramsey County, the smallest and most densely populated county in Minnesota. The city lies mostly on the east bank of the Mississippi River in the area surrounding its point of confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Minneapolis, the state's largest city. Known as the ``Twin Cities '', the two form the core of Minneapolis -- Saint Paul, the 16th - largest metropolitan area in the United States, with about 3.6 million residents." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the hosts on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Tennessee", + [ + "The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Reykjavík", + [ + "Reykjavík is by far the largest and most populous settlement in Iceland. The municipality of Reykjavík had a population of 128,793 on 1 January 2019; that is 36% of the country's population. The Capital Region, which includes the capital and six municipalities around it, was home to 228,231 people; that is over 63% of the country's population.On 1 January 2018, of the city's population of 126,041, immigrants of the first and second generation numbered 20,910 (16.6%), increasing from 12,352 (10.4%) in 2008 and 3,106 (2.9%) in 1998." + ] + ], + [ + "Greece", + [ + "Greece (Greek: Ελλάδα), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately 11 million as of 2016. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)." + ] + ], + [ + "Nicaragua", + [ + "Nicaragua (/ ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə, - ˈræɡ -, - ɡjuə / (listen); Spanish: (nikaˈɾaɣwa)), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de Nicaragua (help info)), is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the country's capital and largest city and is also the third - largest city in Central America, behind Tegucigalpa and Guatemala City. The multi-ethnic population of six million includes people of indigenous, European, African, and Asian heritage. The main language is Spanish. Native tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English." + ] + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + [ + "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "Columbus (town), Wisconsin", + [ + "Columbus is a town in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 711 at the 2000 census. The city of Columbus lies mostly with the town boundaries." + ] + ], + [ + "Abuja", + [ + "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__52222_40769_64047", + "question": "When did the luxury division of the biggest automobile company in the world change the body style of rx 350?", + "answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + 0 + ], + [ + "Automotive industry", + 0 + ], + [ + "Lexus RX", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Holsman Automobile Company", + [ + "The Holsman Automobile Company was an early United States automobile manufacturer in Chicago, Illinois, between 1901 and 1910. Founded by Henry K. Holsman, the company produced a high wheeler automobile." + ] + ], + [ + "Duesenberg Model J", + [ + "The Duesenberg Model J is a luxury automobile made by Duesenberg. Intended to compete with the most luxurious and powerful cars in the world, it was introduced in 1928, the year before the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression. The Model J, available with a supercharger after 1932, was sold until 1937." + ] + ], + [ + "Rutherford Hotel", + [ + "The Rutherford Hotel (named after Sir Ernest Rutherford) is a luxury accommodation hotel in Nelson, New Zealand It is the biggest hotel in Nelson, and the city's tallest building. It is part of the chain company Heritage Hotels, which have hotels based in many locations around New Zealand." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura MDX", + [ + "The Acura MDX, or Honda MDX as known in Japan and Australia (only the first generation was imported), is a mid-size three-row luxury crossover, produced by the Japanese automaker Honda under its Acura luxury nameplate since 2000. The alphanumeric moniker stands for \"Multi-Dimensional luxury\". According to Honda, the MDX is the best-selling three-row luxury crossover of all time, with cumulative U.S. sales expected to surpass 700,000 units before the end of 2014. It has ranked as the second-best selling luxury crossover after the Lexus RX, which offers only two rows of seats." + ] + ], + [ + "Dominion Enterprises", + [ + "Dominion Enterprises is a Norfolk, Virginia-based media and information services company for the automotive, real estate, and travel industries. It has Internet and printed media operations. Dominion Enterprises was established in September 2006 by Landmark Media Enterprises (formerly Landmark Communications), following a division of assets of its predecessor company, Trader Publishing, between shared owners Landmark and Cox Enterprises. In September 2017, Dominion Enterprises sold ForRent.com to CoStar Group for $350 million in cash and $35 million worth of stock. In May 2017, Dominion Domains, division of Dominion Enterprises, launched new website servicing the domain name industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum", + [ + "The Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum is an automobile museum located in Auburn, Indiana in the United States. It is dedicated to preserving cars built by Auburn Automobile, Cord Automobile, and Duesenberg Motors Company." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Trago", + [ + "The Hyundai Trago (hangul:현대 트라고) is a line of heavy-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company in luxury commercial vehicle. The range was primarily available as luxury cargo and dump truck, tractor. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai', but in USA and Canada it was known as Bering HD or Bering HDMX, and Korea truck based it was known as Hyundai New Power Truck." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RL", + [ + "The Acura RL is a mid-sized / executive luxury car that was manufactured by the Acura division of Honda for the 1996–2012 model years over two generations. The RL was the flagship of the marque, having succeeded the Acura Legend, and was replaced in 2013 by the Acura RLX. All models of the Legend, RL and RLX lines have been adapted from the Japanese domestic market Honda Legend. The model name \"RL\" is an abbreviation for \"Refined Luxury.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, New Jersey", + [ + "Like many older east coast cities after World War II, Atlantic City became plagued with poverty, crime, corruption, and general economic decline in the mid-to-late 20th century. The neighborhood known as the \"Inlet\" became particularly impoverished. The reasons for the resort's decline were multi-layered. First of all, the automobile became more readily available to many Americans after the war. Atlantic City had initially relied upon visitors coming by train and staying for a couple of weeks. The car allowed them to come and go as they pleased, and many people would spend only a few days, rather than weeks. Also, the advent of suburbia played a huge role. With many families moving to their own private houses, luxuries such as home air conditioning and swimming pools diminished their interest in flocking to the luxury beach resorts during the hot summer. But perhaps the biggest factor in the decline in Atlantic City's popularity came from cheap, fast jet service to other premier resorts, such as Miami Beach and the Bahamas." + ] + ], + [ + "Ferrari 575M Maranello", + [ + "The Ferrari 575M Maranello (Type F133) is a two-seat, two-door, grand tourer manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. Launched in 2002, it is essentially an updated 550 Maranello featuring minor styling changes from Pininfarina. The 575M was replaced by the 599 GTB in the first half of 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "White Motor Company", + [ + "The White Motor Company was an American automobile, truck, bus and agricultural tractor manufacturer from 1900 until 1980. The company also produced bicycles, roller skates, automatic lathes, and sewing machines. Before World War II, the company was based in Cleveland, Ohio. White Diesel Engine Division in Springfield, Ohio, manufactured diesel engine generators, which powered U.S. military equipment and infrastructure, namely Army Nike and Air Force Bomarc launch complexes, and other guided missile installations and proving grounds, sections of SAGE and DEW Line stations, radars, combat direction centers and other ground facilities of the U.S. aerospace defense ring, such as the Texas Towers." + ] + ], + [ + "Russell Motor Car Company", + [ + "The Russell Motor Car Company was an automobile manufacturer in Toronto, Canada, that produced cars from 1904 to 1916. The company is considered to have produced Canada's first successful automobile." + ] + ], + [ + "RX J1856.5−3754", + [ + "RX J1856.5−3754 (also called RX J185635−3754, RX J185635−375, and various other designations) is a nearby neutron star in the constellation Corona Australis." + ] + ], + [ + "AMC Gremlin", + [ + "The AMC Gremlin (also American Motors Gremlin) is an American subcompact automobile introduced in 1970, manufactured and marketed in a single, two-door body style in America (1970-1978) by American Motors Corporation (AMC) — as well as in Mexico (1974-1978) by AMC's Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) subsidiary." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Universe", + [ + "The Hyundai Universe (hangul:현대 유니버스) is a heavy-duty luxury coach built by Hyundai Motor Company. It is primarily available as luxury hi-classic tourist buses." + ] + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + [ + "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Automotive industry", + [ + "Rank Group Country Vehicles Toyota Japan 10,213,486 Volkswagen Group Germany 10,126,281 Hyundai South Korea 7,889,538 General Motors United States 7,793,066 5 Ford United States 6,429,485 6 Nissan Japan 5,556,241 7 Honda Japan 4,999,266 8 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy / United States 4,681,457 9 Renault France 3,373,278 10 PSA France 3,152,787 11 Suzuki Japan 2,945,295 12 SAIC China 2,566,793 13 Daimler Germany 2,526,450 14 BMW Germany 2,359,756 15 Changan China 1,715,871" + ] + ], + [ + "Delage", + [ + "Delage was a French luxury automobile and racecar company founded in 1905 by Louis Delage in Levallois-Perret near Paris; it was acquired by Delahaye in 1935 and ceased operation in 1953." + ] + ], + [ + "Chun Nan Jun", + [ + "Chun Nan Jun (CNJ) is the common name for the company also called Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd and Sichuan Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd; it is a Chinese truck manufacturer based in Yanjiang, Ziyang, Sichuan, with over 3,200 employees. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile produces heavy, medium and light duty trucks and mini trucks as well as large, medium and light buses. Annual production capacity is 150,000 automobiles presently, ranking the 19th in China's auto industry and the second in China's commercial vehicle industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Lexus RX", + [ + "A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__825727_584042", + "question": "What league includes the sports team that has Maycon Carvalho Inez?", + "answer": "K-League", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Bae Hae-min", + 0 + ], + [ + "Maycon Carvalho Inez", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Montreal Impact", + [ + "The Montreal Impact () is a Canadian professional soccer team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Impact competes as a member of the Eastern Conference in Major League Soccer (MLS). The team began play in 2012 as an expansion team of the league, being the league's third Canadian club, and replaced the North American Soccer League team of the same name." + ] + ], + [ + "Canadian Football League", + [ + "The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football, LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. Its nine teams, which are located in nine separate cities, are divided into two divisions: the East Division, with four teams, and the West Division with five teams." + ] + ], + [ + "Centro Social Deportivo Barber", + [ + "Sport Voetbal Centro Social Deportivo Barber is a Curaçao football team located in WestPunt municipality Barber, and playing in the Curaçao League First Division." + ] + ], + [ + "Rugby League Tri-Nations", + [ + "The Rugby League Tri-Nations (known as the Gillette Tri-Nations for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league tournament involving the top three teams in the sport: Australia, Great Britain and New Zealand and is the predecessor of today's Rugby League Four Nations." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps." + ] + ], + [ + "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club", + [ + "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992; 26 years ago (1992 - 02 - 20) Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Manchester City (3rd title) (2017 -- 18) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) Most appearances Gareth Barry (653) Top goalscorer Alan Shearer (260 goals) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2018 -- 19 Premier League" + ] + ], + [ + "Green Bay Packers", + [ + "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "Sacramento Kings", + [ + "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league." + ] + ], + [ + "National Hockey League", + [ + "The National Hockey League (NHL; French: Ligue nationale de hockey -- LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season." + ] + ], + [ + "Sports in the United States", + [ + "Sports in the United States are an important part of American culture. Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL). The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Major League Soccer (MLS) is sometimes included in a ``top five ''of leagues of the country. All four enjoy wide - ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although American football does not have a substantial following in other nations. Three of those leagues have teams that represent Canadian cities, and all four are the most financially lucrative sports leagues of their sport. American football is the most popular sport in the United States followed by basketball, baseball, and soccer. Tennis, golf, wrestling, auto racing, arena football, field lacrosse, box lacrosse and volleyball are also popular sports in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The Cubs, first known as the White Stockings, was a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903." + ] + ], + [ + "Bae Hae-min", + [ + "He began his club career in South Korea with K-League side FC Seoul. He made his debut in the Hauzen Cup, a league cup competition operated by the K-League, in May 2008 however he moved on loan to Czech Republic side FK Viktoria Žižkov later that year. Bae made his regular league debut for FC Seoul in May 2011 in a home game against Gyeongnam FC when he came on as a substitute. He would go on to make two further substitute appearances in the league as well as a start in the league cup competition that season before he left the club." + ] + ], + [ + "Wes Schulmerich", + [ + "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame." + ] + ], + [ + "Maycon Carvalho Inez", + [ + "Maycon Calvalho Inez (born 21 July 1986) is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for Goyang Hi FC. He is known for his pace and ability to position himself inside the 18-yard box." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)" + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League" + ] + ], + [ + "North Carolina", + [ + "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse." + ] + ], + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage", + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__131632_32392_823060_610794", + "question": "What county contains the city with a radio station that broadcasts to the capital city of the state where the Peace center is located?", + "answer": "Richland County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Forest Acres, South Carolina", + 0 + ], + [ + "WWNQ", + 0 + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + 0 + ], + [ + "Peace Center", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Gouveia, Minas Gerais", + [ + "Gouveia is a Brazilian municipality located in the center of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population was 11,569 living in a total area of 874 km². The city belongs to the statistical mesoregion of Jequitinhonha and to the statistical microregion of Diamantina. It became a municipality in 1953." + ] + ], + [ + "List of capitals in the United States", + [ + "Washington, D.C. is the current federal capital city of the United States, as it has been since 1800. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its Insular areas. Historically, most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and other unrecognized governments." + ] + ], + [ + "Tennessee", + [ + "Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450." + ] + ], + [ + "Forest Acres, South Carolina", + [ + "Forest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Chelyabinsk", + [ + "Chelyabinsk () is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia. Population:" + ] + ], + [ + "WWNQ", + [ + "WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Tallahassee, Florida", + [ + "Tallahassee / ˌtæləˈhæsi / is the capital of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2016, the population was 190,894, making it the 7th - largest city in the U.S state of Florida, and the 126th - largest city in the United States. The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 379,627 as of 2016. Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Panhandle region, and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions." + ] + ], + [ + "Abuja", + [ + "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the road to Kaduna State." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Mill City, Butte County, California", + [ + "Mill City is a former settlement in Butte County, California, United States. It was located adjacent to and shared a post office with Magalia (then, Dogtown)." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + [ + "Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers." + ] + ], + [ + "Thirukkanur", + [ + "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west." + ] + ], + [ + "Blaine, Washington", + [ + "Blaine is a city in Whatcom County, Washington, United States. The city's northern boundary is the Canada–US border. The Peace Arch international monument lies partly in Blaine and partly in Canada. The population was 4,684 at the 2010 census. Since Blaine is located right on the border with Canada, it is the northernmost city on Interstate 5, while the southernmost city is San Ysidro, California." + ] + ], + [ + "East Jersey", + [ + "The Province of East Jersey, along with the Province of West Jersey, between 1674 and 1702 in accordance with the Quintipartite Deed were two distinct political divisions of the Province of New Jersey, which became the U.S. state of New Jersey. The two provinces were amalgamated in 1702. East Jersey's capital was located at Perth Amboy. Determination of an exact location for a border between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute." + ] + ], + [ + "Peace Center", + [ + "The Peace Center is a performing arts center located in Greenville, South Carolina. It is composed of a concert hall, theater, and amphitheatre. It is located adjacent to Falls Park. It hosts over 300 events each year, including classical music, Broadway shows, and appearances by popular artists such as David Copperfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Namangan", + [ + "Namangan (also in ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than 30 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. The city is served by Namangan Airport." + ] + ], + [ + "United States", + [ + "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self - governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third - or fourth - largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty - eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__49409_67668", + "question": "What character does the actor who played Barney on How I Met Your Mother play in Batman Under the Red Hood?", + "answer": "Nightwing / Dick Grayson", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Batman: Under the Red Hood", + 0 + ], + [ + "Neil Patrick Harris", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Barney Stinson", + [ + "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Lilla Crawford", + [ + "Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti." + ] + ], + [ + "Barney Stinson", + [ + "Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with ``daddy issues ''and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion. Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a`` high - functioning sociopath'' by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them. Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is ``resentful ''that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable." + ] + ], + [ + "David Henrie", + [ + "Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son." + ] + ], + [ + "Batman: Under the Red Hood", + [ + "Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic." + ] + ], + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + [ + "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers." + ] + ], + [ + "The Foresters", + [ + "The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892. A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti." + ] + ], + [ + "Carlos Buttice", + [ + "Carlos \"Batman\" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile." + ] + ], + [ + "List of How I Met Your Mother characters", + [ + "Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family." + ] + ], + [ + "Neil Patrick Harris", + [ + "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans." + ] + ], + [ + "Bill Massey (baseball)", + [ + "William Henry Massey (1871–1940), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds. He played in 13 games for the 1894 Reds during September, 1894. His minor league playing career lasted through 1909." + ] + ], + [ + "List of How I Met Your Mother characters", + [ + "Played by Britney Spears; appears in ``Ten Sessions ''and`` Everything Must Go''. Abby is Stella's receptionist. Very energetic and scatterbrained, she developed an obsessive crush on Ted while he was pursuing Stella. Barney ended up sleeping with her. It was announced Spears would appear on the show in March 2008; most critics complimented her acting in ``Ten Sessions '', with Segel noting that she improvised a few`` really good'' lines. However, her scenes in ``Everything Must Go ''were described as`` rushed and awkward'', and her character as ``silly ''. An article in Bustle ranked her top in a list of guest stars on How I Met Your Mother." + ] + ], + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + [ + "Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale." + ] + ], + [ + "Damian Wayne", + [ + "Having grown up in a laboratory, Damian Wayne as a pre-adolescent is left by his mother in the care of his father, who had been unaware of his son's existence. He is violent and self - important and was trained by the League of Assassins, learning to kill at a young age, which troubles the relationship with his father, who refuses to kill. However, the Dark Knight does care for his lost progeny. After the events of Batman R.I.P. and Batman: Battle for the Cowl, he takes the role of Robin at ten years of age, becoming the fifth person to use the Robin persona. He first worked with Dick Grayson before going to work alongside his father, upon the original's return to the role of Batman. He continued to serve as Robin until 2013's Batman, Inc. # 8, in which he is killed by the Heretic, an agent of his mother and his own artificially - aged clone. In 2014's Batman and Robin vol. 2, # 37, Batman resurrects Damian Wayne." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Freeze", + [ + "Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67." + ] + ], + [ + "Cristin Milioti", + [ + "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Gary Oldman", + [ + "In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__124933_653666", + "question": "Who is the mother of the father of Julia Murdock Smith?", + "answer": "Lucy Mack Smith", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Julia Murdock Smith", + 0 + ], + [ + "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film)", + [ + "Actor Role Schwarzenegger, Arnold Arnold Schwarzenegger Conan the Barbarian, Conan the Barbarian Lopez, Gerry Gerry Lopez Subotai, Subotai Bergman, Sandahl Sandahl Bergman Valeria, Valeria Earl Jones, James James Earl Jones Doom, Thulsa Thulsa Doom von Sydow, Max Max von Sydow Osric, King King Osric Iwamatsu, Mako Mako Iwamatsu Wizard of the Mounds, Wizard of the Mounds Smith, William William Smith Conan's Father, Conan's Father Thorsen, Sven - Ole Sven - Ole Thorsen Thorgrim, Thorgrim Davidson, Ben Ben Davidson Rexor, Rexor Gava, Cassandra Cassandra Gava Witch, Witch Quennessen, Valerie Valerie Quennessen Osric's Daughter, Osric's Daughter Sanz, Jorge Jorge Sanz Young Conan, Young Conan Nadiuska, Nadiuska Conan's Mother, Conan's Mother" + ] + ], + [ + "Miami", + [ + "Miami is noted as \"the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle\", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as \"Biscayne Bay Country\" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness. The area was also characterized as \"one of the finest building sites in Florida.\" The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as \"the mother of Miami.\" Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300. It was named for the nearby Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee." + ] + ], + [ + "Please Help Emily", + [ + "Please Help Emily is 1917 American silent comedy-drama film starring Ann Murdock and directed by Dell Henderson. It is based on the 1916 Broadway play \"Please Help Emily\" that starred Ann Murdock. Charles Frohman's company, of whom Murdock was employed on the stage, produced the film and released it through Mutual Film. It is now a lost film." + ] + ], + [ + "Julia Murdock Smith", + [ + "Julia Murdock Smith Dixon Middleton (May 1, 1831 – September 12, 1880) was an early member of the Latter Day Saint movement and the eldest surviving child and only daughter of Joseph Smith and Emma Hale Smith. She was adopted by the Smiths." + ] + ], + [ + "Conan the Barbarian (1982 film)", + [ + "Actor Role Arnold Schwarzenegger Conan the Barbarian Gerry Lopez Subotai Sandahl Bergman Valeria James Earl Jones Thulsa Doom Max von Sydow King Osric Mako Iwamatsu Wizard of the Mounds William Smith Conan's Father Sven - Ole Thorsen Thorgrim Ben Davidson Rexor Cassandra Gava Witch Valerie Quennessen Osric's Daughter Jorge Sanz Young Conan Nadiuska Conan's Mother" + ] + ], + [ + "Lawrence Brainerd", + [ + "Lawrence Brainerd (March 16, 1794May 9, 1870) was a businessman, abolitionist and United States Senator from Vermont. He was the father of Ann Eliza Brainerd Smith and the father-in-law of Vermont Governor J. Gregory Smith and Vermont Lieutenant Governor F. Stewart Stranahan." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother", + [ + "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother is a biography of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, according to his mother, Lucy Mack Smith. It was originally titled Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations and was published by Orson Pratt in Liverpool in 1853." + ] + ], + [ + "Julia Strachey", + [ + "Julia Strachey (14 August 1901 – 1979) was an English writer, born in Allahabad, India, where her father, Oliver Strachey, the elder brother of Lytton Strachey, was a civil servant. Her mother, Ruby, was of Swiss-German origin. For most of Julia's life she lived in England, where she worked as a model at Poiret, as a photographer and as a publisher's reader, before she embarked upon a career in novel-writing. She is perhaps best remembered for her work \"Cheerful Weather for the Wedding\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Spencer family (The Bold and the Beautiful)", + [ + "William ``Liam ''Spencer III (Scott Clifton) Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and his college girlfriend Kelly Hopkins. Raised by his mother and stepfather without knowing his father until his mother died and he discovered, with the help of Hope Logan, that Bill was his father. He is married to Steffy Forrester. Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks) Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Quinn Fuller. Former executive of Quinn Artisan Jewelers, and currently works at Spencer Publications. Raised by his mother, and thought his father was dead until he met Hope Logan, who helped uncover that Bill was his father. Wyatt has become known for having many similar traits with his father. Caroline Spencer (Linsey Godfrey) Daughter of Karen Spencer, named after Karen's twin sister. New York City socialite and fashion designer at Forrester Creations. She is the head of the Caroline Spencer Cancer Foundation. She is the mother of Douglas Forrester. William Logan`` Will'' Spencer IV Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Katie Logan." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Baldo", + [ + "Chris Baldo (real name Christian Baldauff, 24 June 1943 - 24 January 1995) was a Luxembourgish singer. He was born to a French mother, and a Luxembourgish father, in Luxembourg." + ] + ], + [ + "The A Word", + [ + "Actor Character Role Episode Max Vento Joe Hughes 7 year - old boy who has autism 1 -- Lee Ingleby Paul Hughes Joe's father 1 -- Morven Christie Alison Hughes Joe's mother 1 -- Molly Wright Rebecca Hughes Joe's 16 - year - old half - sister 1 -- Greg McHugh Eddie Scott Alison's brother 1 -- Vinette Robinson Nicola Daniels Eddie's wife 1 -- Christopher Eccleston Maurice Scott Joe's grandfather, Alison's and Eddie's father 1 -- Pooky Quesnel Louise Wilson Maurice's music teacher and lover 1 -- Matt Greenwood Tom Clarke Rebecca's best friend 2 -- 6, 9 - Thomas Gregory Luke Taylor Rebecca's ex-boyfriend 2 -- 6 Daniel Cerqueira Dr Graves Insensitive family doctor 1 -- 5, 7 - George Bukhari Terry Norris Worker at Paul and Alison's cafe 1 -- Adam Wittek David Nowak Worker at the Scott's brewery 1 -- Tommie Grabiec Pavel Kaminski Worker at the Scott's brewery 1 -- Abby Ford Sally Worker at the Scott's brewery Julia Krynke Maya Petrenko Joe's babysitter 2 -- 5 Lisa Millett Maggie White Joe's speech therapist Ralf Little Stuart Rebecca's biological father 5 -- 6, 11 Jude Akuwudike Vincent Daniels Nicola's father 7 - Clare Holman Grace Daniels Nicola's mother 7 - Aaron Pierre James Thorne Rebecca's boyfriend 7 - 8 Lucy Gaskell Sophie Berwick Worker at Paul's Gastropub. 7 - 11 Travis Smith Mark Berwick Sophie's autistic teenage son. 7 -" + ] + ], + [ + "Guy Sajer", + [ + "Guy Sajer (born Guy Mouminoux, 13 January 1927 in Paris), is a French writer, author of \"Le soldat oublié\" (1965, translated as \"The Forgotten Soldier\"), and a cartoonist under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. He is the son of a French father and a German mother: Sajer is his mother's maiden name." + ] + ], + [ + "Zadie Smith", + [ + "Smith was born Sadie Smith in Willesden in the north-west London borough of Brent to a Jamaican mother, Yvonne Bailey, and an English father, Harvey Smith. At the age of 14, she changed her name to Zadie.Smith's mother grew up in Jamaica, and emigrated to England in 1969. Smith's parents divorced when she was a teenager. She has a half-sister, a half-brother, and two younger brothers (one is the rapper and stand-up comedian Doc Brown, and the other is the rapper Luc Skyz). As a child, Smith was fond of tap dancing, and in her teenage years, she considered a career in musical theatre. While at university, Smith earned money as a jazz singer, and wanted to become a journalist. Despite earlier ambitions, literature emerged as her principal interest." + ] + ], + [ + "Douglas Fairbairn", + [ + "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955." + ] + ], + [ + "Jacques Perrin", + [ + "Jacques Perrin (born Jacques André Simonet; 13 July 1941) is a French actor and filmmaker. He is occasionally credited as Jacques Simonet. Simonet was his father's name and Perrin his mother's." + ] + ], + [ + "Ina Coolbrith", + [ + "Ina Coolbrith was born Josephine Donna Smith in Nauvoo, Illinois, the last of three daughters of Agnes Moulton Coolbrith and Don Carlos Smith, brother to Joseph Smith Coolbrith's father died of malarial fever four months after her birth, and a sister died one month after that; Coolbrith's mother then married Joseph Smith, in 1842, becoming his sixth or seventh wife. No children came of the union—Agnes felt neglected in her unfruitful Levirate marriage, the only such marriage of Smith. In June 1844, Smith was killed at the hands of an anti-Mormon mob. Losing her faith and fearful of her life, Coolbrith's mother left the Latter-day Saint community and moved to Saint Louis, Missouri, where she married a printer and lawyer named William Pickett. Twin sons were born to the couple, and in 1851 Pickett traveled overland with his new family to California in a wagon train. On the long trek, the young Ina read from a book of Shakespeare's works and from a collection of Byron's poems. As a ten-year-old girl, Ina entered California in front of the wagon train with the famous African-American scout Jim Beckwourth, riding with him on his horse, through what would later be named Beckwourth Pass. The family settled in Los Angeles, California, and Pickett established a law practice." + ] + ], + [ + "Julia the Younger", + [ + "Julia the Younger was not a member of the Julian gens by birth: being the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa made her a \"Vipsania Agrippina\" by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. She came to belong to the household of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather Augustus. Further, Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son (and heir), while Tiberius was remarried to Julia the Elder. Augustus became something of a \"paternal\" grandfather to Julia the Elder's children, too, including Julia the Younger. A \"formal\" adoption \"in the family of the Caesars\" among the offspring of Agrippa and Julia the Elder is however only recorded regarding Vipsania Julia's brothers Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa—hence Gaius Julius Caesar—and Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa—hence Lucius Julius Caesar. Her younger sister Agrippina the Elder and youngest full brother, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, were named after their natural father only until Agrippa Postumus was adopted by Augustus as \"Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus\". Likewise, her eldest half-sisters, Vipsania Agrippina and Vipsania Marcella, were named after their father. Her younger half-brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed \"Tiberillus,\" after his father Tiberius, and died young." + ] + ], + [ + "Father (1990 film)", + [ + "Father is a 1990 film about a retired German immigrant living in Australia, Joe Muller (Max von Sydow), who is accused by a strange woman named Iya Zetnick (Julia Blake) of being a former Nazi who committed war crimes during the Second World War. His daughter, Anne Winton (Carol Drinkwater), is not certain whom to believe." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Gerald Ford", + [ + "Michael Gerald Ford (born March 14, 1950) is the oldest of four children of U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford. Prior to his birth, Ford's mother wanted to name him after his father. However, Ford's father had always disliked being called \"Junior\" and he refused to \"inflict the nickname on any son.\" The Fords settled on his name as a compromise." + ] + ], + [ + "Daredevil (film)", + [ + "Daredevil is a 2003 American superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, the film stars Ben Affleck as Matt Murdock, a blind lawyer who fights for justice in the courtroom and on the streets of New York as the masked vigilante Daredevil. Jennifer Garner plays his love interest Elektra Natchios; Colin Farrell plays the merciless assassin Bullseye; David Keith plays Jack \"The Devil\" Murdock, a washed up fighter and Matt's father; and Michael Clarke Duncan plays Wilson Fisk, also known as the crime lord Kingpin." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__708145_30351", + "question": "Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Bureaucracy?", + "answer": "the Austrian government", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + 0 + ], + [ + "Bureaucracy (book)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve." + ] + ], + [ + "Bureaucracy (book)", + [ + "Bureaucracy is a political book written by Austrian School economist and libertarian thinker Ludwig von Mises. The author's motivation in writing the book is his concern with the spread of socialist ideals and the increasing bureaucratization of economic life. While he does not deny the necessity of certain bureaucratic structures for the smooth operation of any civilized state, he disagrees with the extent to which it has come to dominate the public life of European countries and the United States. The author's purpose is to demonstrate that the negative aspects of bureaucracy are not a result of bad policies or corruption, as the public tends to think. Instead, he explains, those problems are necessarily built into bureaucratic structures. They are due to the very tasks such a system has to deal with. The main body of the book is therefore devoted to a comparison between private enterprise on the one hand and bureaucratic agencies/public enterprise on the other." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Metzen", + [ + "Christopher Vincent Metzen (born November 22, 1973) is an American game designer, artist, voice actor, and author known for his work creating the fictional universes and scripts for Blizzard Entertainment's three major award-winning media franchises: \"Warcraft\", \"Diablo\" and \"StarCraft\". On occasion, Metzen has published his art under the alias \"Thundergod.\" Metzen was hired by Blizzard Entertainment as an animator and an artist; his first work for the company was with the video game \"Justice League Task Force\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Karl Popper", + [ + "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of \"neoliberalism\". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, \"Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals.\" Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a \"more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "In February 1975, Margaret Thatcher was elected leader of the British Conservative Party. The Institute of Economic Affairs arranged a meeting between Hayek and Thatcher in London soon after. During Thatcher's only visit to the Conservative Research Department in the summer of 1975, a speaker had prepared a paper on why the \"middle way\" was the pragmatic path the Conservative Party should take, avoiding the extremes of left and right. Before he had finished, Thatcher \"reached into her briefcase and took out a book. It was Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. Interrupting our pragmatist, she held the book up for all of us to see. 'This', she said sternly, 'is what we believe', and banged Hayek down on the table\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Nurse Ratched", + [ + "Nurse Ratched (also known as \"Big Nurse\") is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Ken Kesey's 1962 novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" as well as the 1975 film of the same name. A cold, heartless, and passive-aggressive tyrant, Nurse Ratched became the stereotype of the nurse as a battleaxe. She has also become a popular metaphor for the corrupting influence of institutional power and authority in bureaucracies such as the psychiatric treatment center in which the novel is set." + ] + ], + [ + "Dith Pran", + [ + "The United States Army hired him as a translator but after his ties with the United States were severed, Dith worked with a British film crew for the film Lord Jim and then as a hotel receptionist." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars." + ] + ], + [ + "Sarah's Key", + [ + "\"Sarah's Key\" follows a journalist's present-day investigation into the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup of Jews in German-occupied Paris in 1942. It tells the story of a young girl's experiences during and after these events, illustrating the participation of the French bureaucracy as well as French citizens hiding and protecting Sarah from the French authorities." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Jean de La Hire", + [ + "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:" + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was \"absolutely besotted\" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was \"amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life.\" The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: \"I've just had the happiest day of my life.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's." + ] + ], + [ + "Friedrich Hayek", + [ + "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__342858_131850_33952_34099", + "question": "How long are the city council terms in the second largest city in the state where Yuma is located?", + "answer": "four-year", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Yuma County Library District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yuma, Colorado", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + [ + "Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August." + ] + ], + [ + "The Hague City Hall", + [ + "The Hague City Hall is the city hall of The Hague, Netherlands. It was designed in 1986 by American architect Richard Meier and completed in 1995. It is located in the new city centre, and incorporates the council chamber, the main public library, as well as cafés, exhibition spaces, and a wedding room. At its centre is a large atrium, flanked by two large slab buildings 10- and 12-storey tall. The library is located at the northwestern end of the building complex in a semicircular building." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "Oklahoma City Community College in south Oklahoma City is the second-largest community college in the state. Rose State College is located east of Oklahoma City in suburban Midwest City. Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City is located in the \"Furniture District\" on the Westside. Northeast of the city is Langston University, the state's historically black college (HBCU). Langston also has an urban campus in the eastside section of the city. Southern Nazarene University, which was founded by the Church of the Nazarene, is a university located in suburban Bethany, which is surrounded by the Oklahoma City city limits." + ] + ], + [ + "Augsburg-Oberhausen", + [ + "Oberhausen is one of the seventeen \"Planungsräume\" (English: Planning district, singular \"Planungsraum\") of Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. Located in the northwestern portion of the city, it is home to 23,510 residents as of January 1, 2006, making it one of the larger planning districts in terms of population. Contained within Oberhausen are five \"Stadtbezirke\" (English: ward, singular \"Stadtbezirk.\") The second largest river in Augsburg, the Wertach River, flows through Oberhausen." + ] + ], + [ + "Siaogang District", + [ + "Siaogang District () is the southernmost district of Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. The second largest airport in Taiwan, Kaohsiung International Airport, is located here." + ] + ], + [ + "Districts of Sierra Leone", + [ + "The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. The Western Area is divided into two districts. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. Each one of Sierra Leone's fourteen administrative districts (with the exception of the Western Area Urban District) is governed by a directly elected district council headed by a council chairman. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor." + ] + ], + [ + "Sokolniki District", + [ + "Sokolniki District () is a district of the Eastern Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow located in the north-east corner of the city. Population:" + ] + ], + [ + "Wichita City Carnegie Library Building", + [ + "The Wichita City Carnegie Library Building located at 220 S. Main Street in Wichita, Kansas, Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States, is a Carnegie library built in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The two-story, limestone Beaux Arts building stands in the southwestern part of Wichita's central business district, directly south of the old City Hall. Its façade orientation is west. The building measures approximately one hundred and twenty-eight feet from north to south and eighty-three feet from east to west. After the completion of Wichita's present library in 1966, the Wichita City Carnegie Library Building served as city offices and the municipal court until the Wichita Omnisphere and Science Center established its tenancy in 1976, followed by changing tenants." + ] + ], + [ + "Yuma County Library District", + [ + "The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013)." + ] + ], + [ + "San Diego", + [ + "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican." + ] + ], + [ + "Central Library (Kansas City, Missouri)", + [ + "The Central Library is the main library of the Kansas City Public Library system, which is located in the Library District of Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It is situated at 14 West 10th Street, at the corner of West 10th Street and Baltimore Avenue, across Baltimore Avenue from the Kansas City Club and up from the New York Life Building. It contains the administration of Kansas City's library system." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Cudahy, California", + [ + "Cudahy ( ) is a city located in southeastern Los Angeles County, California. In terms of area, Cudahy is the second smallest city in Los Angeles County, after Hawaiian Gardens, but with one of the highest population densities of any incorporated city in the United States. It is part of the Gateway Cities region and had a population of 23,805 as of the 2010 U.S. Census." + ] + ], + [ + "Yuma, Colorado", + [ + "The City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Forlanini (district of Milan)", + [ + "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Vancouver Community Library", + [ + "The Vancouver Community Library is a library in Vancouver, Washington, in the United States. Part of the Fort Vancouver Regional Library District, the 83,000-square-foot library is the second largest in the Portland metropolitan area, second to the Central Library in Portland, Oregon. The library's grand opening was held on July 17, 2011. It is a LEED Gold Certified building." + ] + ], + [ + "Hangrai", + [ + "Hangrai is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the lower Kaghan Valley and lies to the north of Balakot city in an area that was affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake." + ] + ], + [ + "Glenfield, New South Wales", + [ + "Glenfield is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Glenfield is located 36 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Outer Rim Territories." + ] + ], + [ + "Lyuberetsky District", + [ + "Lyuberetsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central part of the oblast east of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Lyubertsy. Population: 265,113 (2010 Census); The population of Lyubertsy accounts for 65.1% of the district's total population." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__270458_88460_30152_20999", + "question": "How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where Nam Khan is found?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nam Khan", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Vietnam", + [ + "In 207 BC, Qin warlord Triệu Đà (pinyin: Zhao Tuo) established his own independent kingdom in present - day Guangdong / Guangxi area. He proclaimed his new kingdom as Nam Việt (pinyin: Nanyue), starting the Triệu dynasty. Triệu Đà later appointed himself a commandant of central Guangdong, closing the borders and conquering neighboring districts and titled himself ``King of Nam Viet ''In 179 BC, he defeated King An Dương Vương and annexed Âu Lạc." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Nam Nao National Park", + [ + "Nam Nao National Park is a protected area in Nam Nao District, Phetchabun Province in northern Thailand. It is east of Lom Sak District." + ] + ], + [ + "Nguyễn An Ninh", + [ + "Nguyễn An Ninh (September 5, 1900 – August 14, 1943) was a Vietnamese writer, activist and revolutionary during the country struggle against the French colonial empire. He was associated with the Société d'enseignement mutuel de Cochinchine (SEMC, in Vietnamese, Hội Khuyến Học Nam kỳ)." + ] + ], + [ + "Nam Khan", + [ + "Nam Khan is a river in Laos. It flows through Luang Prabang. It is a major tributary of the river Mekong, with which it joins at Luang Prabang." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Nong Nam Sai, Sikhio", + [ + "Nong Nam Sai (หนองน้ำใส) is a sub-district, (\"Tambon\"), in the Sikhio District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. It was created in 1996, and covers 101 km², 18 villages, and 12,443 citizens." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: \"No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.\", and states that, \"It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.\" There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. \"From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The Somali flag is an ethnic flag conceived to represent ethnic Somalis. It was created in 1954 by the Somali scholar Mohammed Awale Liban, after he had been selected by the labour trade union of the Trust Territory of Somalia to come up with a design. Upon independence in 1960, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the nascent Somali Republic. The five-pointed Star of Unity in the flag's center represents the Somali ethnic group inhabiting the five territories in Greater Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications in Somalia", + [ + "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English." + ] + ], + [ + "Patani United Liberation Organisation", + [ + "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Kublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that this conquest \"marked the end of independent China,\" which was then incorporated into the Yuan dynasty that ruled China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Siberia and Upper Burma. Morris Rossabi, a professor of Asian history at Queens College, City University of New York, writes that \"Khubilai wished to be perceived both as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China. Though he had, by the early 1260s, become closely identified with China, he still, for a time, claimed universal rule\", and yet \"despite his successes in China and Korea, Khubilai was unable to have himself accepted as the Great Khan\". Thus, with such limited acceptance of his position as Great Khan, Kublai Khan increasingly became identified with China and sought support as Emperor of China." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__543050_245420", + "question": "Which city shares border with the area having Bella Vista High School?", + "answer": "Citrus Heights", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Fair Oaks, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "Bella Vista High School", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Houghton High School", + [ + "Houghton High School is a high school located in Houghton, Michigan, in the Upper Peninsula. It shares the same building as Houghton Middle School." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Włodawa", + [ + "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Fair Oaks, California", + [ + "Fair Oaks is bounded on the south side by the American River, and Rancho Cordova, on the north side by the city of Citrus Heights, on the west side by Carmichael, and the east side by Orangevale and Folsom. Fair Oaks has a mix of suburban and semi-rural neighborhoods." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Fenton High School (Illinois)", + [ + "Fenton High School, or FHS, is a public four-year high school located in Bensenville, Illinois, located on the western border of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the only school in Community High School District 100." + ] + ], + [ + "Naenam-myeon", + [ + "Naenam-myeon is a myeon or a township in the administrative subdivisions of the Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It is bordered by Geumo Mountains on the east, Jusa Mountains on the south. Its 122.05 square kilometers are home to about 6,142 people. This population is served by one elementary school and one high school." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashland Community High School", + [ + "Ashland Community High School was located in Ashland, Maine, USA. It was part of Maine School Administrative District 32, or MSAD 32, which serves Ashland, Garfield Plantation, Masardis, Oxbow, Portage Lake and Sheridan, Maine. There was a student population of 200 in school grades 7–12, with eighteen faculty members as well as administrators, a counselor and three support personnel. The school had achieved accredited status with the New England Association of Schools and Colleges." + ] + ], + [ + "Del Campo High School", + [ + "Del Campo High School Location Fair Oaks, California Information Type Public high school Established 1963 School district San Juan Unified School District Principal Josh Gumacal Grades 9 to 12 Enrollment 1,803 (2014 - 15) Campus Suburban Color (s) Blue & Gold Team name Cougars Rivals Casa Roble High School, Bella Vista High School Newspaper Roar Website Del Campo High School Online" + ] + ], + [ + "E Township, Maine", + [ + "E is an unincorporated township located in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. It is part of the Central Aroostook Unorganized Territory and borders the towns of Blaine to the east and Westfield to the north. As of the 1990 census, when it was still organized as a plantation, E Plantation had 64 residents. However, in 1990 its residents decided to disorganize the community and give up control to the state in an effort to reduce taxes. K–12 education for the community is provided by Maine School Administrative District 42, which also serves neighboring Blaine and Mars Hill. However, because E Plantation withdrew from the school district following its disorganization, its students are tuitioned." + ] + ], + [ + "Little Village Lawndale High School Campus", + [ + "Little Village Lawndale High School Campus is a public high school located in the South Lawndale neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The campus contains four autonomous small schools with some shared facilities. LVLHS has a unique campus design that reflects its original inception from a hunger strike in 2001. In 2001, 14 parents and grandparents staged a 19-day hunger strike to urge politicians to fulfill promises to build a high school in the child and adolescent dense Little Village neighborhood." + ] + ], + [ + "Firvale", + [ + "Firvale is a community in the Bella Coola Valley of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, located at the confluence of Burnt Bridge Creek and the Bella Coola River, northeast of the valley's main community of Bella Coola." + ] + ], + [ + "Buena Vista High School (Texas)", + [ + "Buena Vista High School or Buena Vista School is a public high school located in Imperial, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is part of the Buena Vista Independent School District located in extreme north central Pecos County. In 2015, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "J. Percy Page High School", + [ + "J. Percy Page High School is a high school located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada in the southern neighbourhood of Mill Woods. It borders the Catholic High School of Holy Trinity, and the multi-recreational Mill Woods Park. The school offers many opportunities for students including an Advanced Placement (AP) program, CTS courses and a Registered Apprenticeship Program (R.A.P.)." + ] + ], + [ + "Bella Vista High School", + [ + "Bella Vista High School is a public high school in Fair Oaks, California and a member of the San Juan Unified School District. In 2003, the California Department of Education's School Recognition Program honored Bella Vista High School as a \"California Distinguished School\". It was also the only school in Sacramento County to receive this honor in 2003. In 2009, it received the same recognition again from the California Department of Education. On November 18, 2010, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a special presentation for all past and current students. The presentation included a guided tour of the school spotlighting where changes have been made throughout the campus since the school's foundation in 1960." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Service High School", + [ + "Robert Service High School is a public high school in Anchorage, Alaska. It had an enrollment of 1,779 students as of August 2, 2016. Serving grades 9 through 12, the school was named for the poet Robert W. Service. Part of the Anchorage School District, the school opened in 1971 and was the last of four high schools built by the district (its lineal predecessor, the Anchorage Independent School District) within a decade. Service High originally operated as Service-Hanshew; as was the case common within Anchorage during that time, junior and senior high schools shared a single building. Included in the case with other junior-senior high schools in Anchorage, a separate structure was built to educate the junior student body and referred as Hanshew Middle School in the period of the 1980s oil glut. This is located approximately two miles west of Service along the Lake Otis Parkway. The school completed a partial renovation in 2005. The official school colors are green and gold, and its mascot is the cougar. Service High School's current principal is Frank Hauser." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount View High School (Maine)", + [ + "Mount View High School is a public high school located in Thorndike, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Maine School Administrative District 3, and serves students from the towns of Brooks, Freedom, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Monroe, Montville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity and Waldo." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__789398_74735", + "question": "What song did Paul McCartney write for the performer of Valotte?", + "answer": "``Hey Jude ''", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Hey Jude", + 0 + ], + [ + "Too Late for Goodbyes", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hey Jude", + [ + "``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes." + ] + ], + [ + "She's a Woman", + [ + "``She's a Woman ''has been described as an example of the rock and roll and rhythm and blues genres. The song, penned mainly by Paul McCartney (Lennon helped with the lyric and bridge) was his attempt at imitating the vocal style of Little Richard. This is why the song is in such a high register, even for McCartney's tenor range. Some takes of the song (especially recordings of live concerts) feature an extended outro." + ] + ], + [ + "Lennon–McCartney", + [ + "Lennon -- McCartney (sometimes McCartney -- Lennon) was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue." + ] + ], + [ + "Because (Beatles song)", + [ + "\"Because\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on their 1969 album \"Abbey Road\", immediately preceding the extended medley on side two of the record. It features a prominent three-part vocal harmony by Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, recorded three times to make nine voices in all." + ] + ], + [ + "Only Love Remains", + [ + "\"Only Love Remains\" is the fourth single from Paul McCartney's 1986 album, \"Press to Play\". The song reached number 34 on the UK singles chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Too Late for Goodbyes", + [ + "\"Too Late for Goodbyes\" is the first single (second in the U.S.) from Julian Lennon's 1984 album \"Valotte\". It featured the harmonica of Jean \"Toots\" Thielemans, and it was a top-10 hit in the U.K. and U.S., reaching No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1984, and No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart in late March 1985. B-side \"Big Mama\" has been described by Lennon as \"semi-hard rock\"." + ] + ], + [ + "I Want to Hold Your Hand", + [ + "``I Want to Hold Your Hand ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and recorded in October 1963, it was the first Beatles record to be made using four - track equipment." + ] + ], + [ + "The Linda McCartney Story", + [ + "The Linda McCartney Story is a 2000 British-American drama television film directed by Armand Mastroianni, starring Elizabeth Mitchell and Gary Bakewell. Based on the book \"Linda McCartney: The Biography\", presenting the life story of Linda McCartney and her life with Paul McCartney. The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada for CBS and was released in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Freedom (Paul McCartney song)", + [ + "\"Freedom\" is a song written and recorded by Paul McCartney in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. McCartney was in New York City at the time of the attacks and witnessed the event while sitting in a plane parked on the tarmac at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport." + ] + ], + [ + "Live and Let Die (song)", + [ + "Paul McCartney -- lead vocals, piano Linda McCartney -- backing vocals, keyboards Henry McCullough -- lead guitar Denny Laine -- backing vocals, bass guitar Denny Seiwell -- drums Ray Cooper -- percussion George Martin -- orchestral arrangement" + ] + ], + [ + "Walk with You", + [ + "\"Walk with You\" is a song by Ringo Starr, released as a single from his 2010 studio album \"Y Not\". It features fellow former Beatle Paul McCartney on backing vocals. The track was not originally conceived as a collaboration with McCartney, who originally only planned to play bass on \"Peace Dream.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "In My Life", + [ + "``In My Life ''is a song by the Beatles released on the 1965 album Rubber Soul, and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The song originated with John Lennon, but Paul McCartney and Lennon later disagreed over the extent of their respective contribution to that song, specifically the melody. George Martin contributed the piano solo bridge. It is ranked 23rd on Rolling Stone's`` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time'' as well as fifth on their list of the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs. The song placed second on CBC's 50 Tracks. Mojo magazine named it the best song of all time in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Mama's Little Girl", + [ + "\"Mama's Little Girl\" is a song by Paul McCartney that was taped in March 1972 during the \"Red Rose Speedway\" recording sessions." + ] + ], + [ + "Come and Get It (Badfinger song)", + [ + "``Come and Get It ''is a song composed by Paul McCartney for the 1969 film The Magic Christian. The song was performed by Badfinger, produced by McCartney and issued as a single 5 December 1969 in the UK, and 12 January 1970 in the US on the Beatles' Apple label." + ] + ], + [ + "Wah-Wah (song)", + [ + "\"Wah-Wah\" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Harrison wrote the song following his temporary departure from the Beatles in January 1969, during the troubled \"Get Back\" sessions that resulted in their \"Let It Be\" album and film. The lyrics reflect his frustration with the atmosphere in the group at that time – namely, Paul McCartney's over-assertiveness and criticism of his guitar playing, John Lennon's lack of engagement with the project and dismissal of Harrison as a songwriter, and Yoko Ono's constant involvement in the band's activities. Music critics and biographers recognise the song as Harrison's statement of personal and artistic freedom from the Beatles. Its creation contrasted sharply with his rewarding collaborations outside the group in the months before the \"Get Back\" project, particularly with Bob Dylan and the Band in upstate New York." + ] + ], + [ + "Lennon–McCartney", + [ + "Lennon -- McCartney was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue." + ] + ], + [ + "Band on the Run (song)", + [ + "``Band on the Run ''is the title song of Paul McCartney and Wings' 1973 album Band on the Run. The song was released as a single in 1974, following the success of`` Jet'', and became an international chart success. The song topped the charts in the United States, also reaching number 3 in the United Kingdom. The single sold over one million copies in 1974 in America. It has since become one of the band's most famous songs." + ] + ], + [ + "The Girl Is Mine", + [ + "``The Girl Is Mine ''is a song recorded by Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney. The track was written by Jackson and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It was released as the first single for Jackson's sixth solo album, Thriller (1982). The song was recorded at Westlake Studios, Los Angeles, from April 14 to 16, 1982. The year before, Jackson and McCartney had recorded`` Say Say Say'' and ``The Man ''for the latter's fifth solo album, Pipes of Peace (1983). Although it was released as a single, Jackson never performed the song live." + ] + ], + [ + "Michelle (song)", + [ + "``Michelle ''is a love ballad by the Beatles, composed principally by Paul McCartney, with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon. It is featured on their Rubber Soul album, released in December 1965. The song is unusual among Beatles recordings in that some of its lead vocals are in French, although`` Paperback Writer'' contains the backing vocals ``Frère Jacques ''.`` Michelle'' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and most often recorded of all Beatles songs." + ] + ], + [ + "Let It Be", + [ + "The master take was recorded on 31 January 1969, as part of the ``Apple studio performance ''for the project. McCartney played Blüthner piano, Lennon played six - string electric bass (replaced by McCartney's own bass part on the final version at the behest of George Martin), George Harrison and Ringo Starr assumed their conventional roles, on guitar and drums respectively, and Billy Preston contributed on organ. This was one of two performances of`` Let It Be'' that day. The first version, designated take 27 - A, would serve as the basis for all officially released versions of the song. The other version, take 27 - B, was performed as part of the ``live studio performance '', along with`` Two of Us'' and ``The Long and Winding Road ''. This performance, in which Lennon and Harrison harmonised with McCartney's lead vocal and Harrison contributed a subdued guitar solo, can be seen in the film Let It Be." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__671664_646310", + "question": "What city is in the county where the Red Cross is located?", + "answer": "Albemarle", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Stanly County Schools", + 0 + ], + [ + "Red Cross, North Carolina", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Biłgoraj County", + [ + "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Pabianice", + [ + "Gmina Pabianice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Pabianice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Stanly County Schools", + [ + "Stanly County Schools (abbreviated SCS) is a local education agency headquartered in Albemarle, North Carolina and is the public school system for Stanly County. With over 1,350 employees, Stanly County Schools is the largest employer in Stanly County, North Carolina serving more than 8,700 students in grades PK – 12." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship", + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Red Cross, North Carolina", + [ + "Red Cross is a town in Stanly County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 742 as of the 2010 Census." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Łowicz", + [ + "Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Moorea-Maiao", + [ + "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__130276_29339_508306_70744", + "question": "Who won more national championships between the university featuring Fort Hill and the university of the state where Edwards won the primary besides the state containing Redan High School?", + "answer": "University of South Carolina", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Redan High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", + 0 + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + 0 + ], + [ + "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Franklinton Elementary School (North Carolina)", + [ + "Franklinton Elementary School is a public school for primary education located in Franklinton, North Carolina, United States. The multi-building complex was originally known as B.F. Person-Albion High School, which had educated African-American students, before schools were fully integrated in 1969. This school currently serves pre-kindergarten through 5th grade for students residing in the Franklinton area." + ] + ], + [ + "Redan High School", + [ + "Redan High School is a public secondary school of the DeKalb County School District located in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. The school is south of the city of Stone Mountain." + ] + ], + [ + "Fenton High School (Illinois)", + [ + "Fenton High School, or FHS, is a public four-year high school located in Bensenville, Illinois, located on the western border of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the only school in Community High School District 100." + ] + ], + [ + "Roxbury High Fort", + [ + "Roxbury High Fort is a historic fort site on Beech Glen Street at Fort Avenue in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The site now contains a small park and the Cochituate Standpipe, also known as Fort Hill Tower, built in 1869. The fort site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The site inspired the name of the Fort Hill neighborhood which surrounds the area of the High Fort." + ] + ], + [ + "Maynard Evans High School", + [ + "Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The school's name is often shortened to \"Evans High School\" or \"E-HIGH\", and the mascot for the school are the Trojans." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Meade National Cemetery", + [ + "Fort Meade National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Sturgis in Meade County, South Dakota. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses . It is maintained by Black Hills National Cemetery." + ] + ], + [ + "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", + [ + "College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10" + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Vancouver High School", + [ + "Fort Vancouver High School, known as FVHS, is a public high school located in Vancouver, Washington. It is named after Fort Vancouver, an early trading outpost (now restored and located near the banks of the Columbia River, a few miles from where the school is located). The FVHS symbol is the Trapper, in reference to the fur trade in the early 19th century by such groups as Hudson's Bay Company \"voyageurs.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Hill High School", + [ + "Fort Hill High School is a four-year public high school in Cumberland, Maryland, United States, serving 780 students in grades 9 through 12." + ] + ], + [ + "Torah Temimah Primary School", + [ + "The (Avigdor Hirsch) Torah Temimah Primary School, located in the former Dollis Hill Synagogue, is a one form entry Voluntary Aided maintained primary school in the London Borough of Brent. It is a strictly Orthodox Jewish single-sex primary school for up to 204 boys aged 3–11. The school includes a Nursery." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount View High School (Maine)", + [ + "Mount View High School is a public high school located in Thorndike, Maine, United States. The school is a part of Maine School Administrative District 3, and serves students from the towns of Brooks, Freedom, Jackson, Knox, Liberty, Monroe, Montville, Thorndike, Troy, Unity and Waldo." + ] + ], + [ + "Rochester Community Schools (Michigan)", + [ + "Rochester Community Schools District serves Rochester, the majority of both Oakland Township, and Rochester Hills, as well as parts of Orion Township and Auburn Hills in northeast Oakland County and parts of Shelby Township and Washington Township in northwest Macomb County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. It currently has upwards of 14,500 students in 21 buildings, all located in Rochester Hills and Oakland Township, Michigan. The Administration Center is located in the city of Rochester." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July." + ] + ], + [ + "Middletown High School (California)", + [ + "Middletown High School (MHS) is a small public high school located in Middletown, California, United States. It is the only comprehensive high school in the Middletown Unified School District." + ] + ], + [ + "Maria Carrillo High School", + [ + "Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa." + ] + ], + [ + "Herbert Henry Dow High School", + [ + "Herbert Henry Dow High School is a public high school located in Midland, Michigan. The school, a part of Midland Public Schools, is a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence and in 2008 was named one of the top 20 High Schools in Michigan in a study commissioned by US News & World Report." + ] + ], + [ + "McNary High School", + [ + "McNary High School is a public high school located in Keizer, Oregon, United States. It is named for Charles L. McNary, a U.S. Senator who was from the Keizer area." + ] + ], + [ + "Emmaus High School", + [ + "Emmaus High School is a public high school located in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The school serves grades nine through 12 in Pennsylvania's East Penn School District in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. Emmaus High School is located immediately off Cedar Crest Boulevard, at 500 Macungie Avenue in Emmaus, a borough southwest of Allentown, Pennsylvania." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)", + [ + "Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory." + ] + ], + [ + "Abbott High School", + [ + "Abbott High School is a public high school located in Abbott, Texas (USA) and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. It is part of the Abbott Independent School District located in southern Hill County. In 2015, the school was rated \"Met Standard\" by the Texas Education Agency." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__365934_87694_64412", + "question": "When did the location of the head of the catholic religion with a basilica named after the same saint as Mantua Cathedral become its own country?", + "answer": "11 February 1929", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mantua Cathedral", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vatican City", + 0 + ], + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Old St. Peter's Basilica", + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica Basilica Sancti Petri 19th - century drawing of St. Peter's Basilica as it is thought to have looked around 1450. The Vatican Obelisk is on the left, still standing on the spot where it was erected on the orders of the Emperor Caligula in 37 A.D. Basic information Geographic coordinates 41 ° 54 ′ 8 ''N 12 ° 27 ′ 12'' E  /  41.90222 ° N 12.45333 ° E  / 41.90222; 12.45333 Coordinates: 41 ° 54 ′ 8 ''N 12 ° 27 ′ 12'' E  /  41.90222 ° N 12.45333 ° E  / 41.90222; 12.45333 Affiliation Roman Catholic Country Papal States Year consecrated c. 360 Ecclesiastical or organizational status Major basilica Architectural description Architectural style Ancient Roman architecture Groundbreaking 326 - 333 (326 - 333) Completed c. 360 (c. 360)" + ] + ], + [ + "Đakovo Cathedral", + [ + "The Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia." + ] + ], + [ + "Alatri Cathedral", + [ + "Alatri Cathedral, otherwise the Basilica of Saint Paul (; \"Basilica concattedrale di San Paolo apostolo\"), is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Alatri, Lazio, Italy, dedicated to Saint Paul. It was formerly the cathedral of the Diocese of Alatri. Since 30 September 1986 it has been a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Anagni-Alatri. Pope Pius XII declared it a basilica minor on 10 September 1950." + ] + ], + [ + "Esztergom Basilica", + [ + "The Primatial Basilica of the Blessed Virgin Mary Assumed Into Heaven and St Adalbert (), also known as the Esztergom Basilica (), is an ecclesiastic basilica in Esztergom, Hungary, the mother church of the Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest, and the seat of the Catholic Church in Hungary. It is dedicated to the Saint Mary of the Assumption and Saint Adalbert." + ] + ], + [ + "Évry Cathedral", + [ + "Évry Cathedral (; \"Évry Cathedral of the Resurrection\") is a Roman Catholic church located in the new town of Évry (Essonne), France. The cathedral was designed by Swiss architect Mario Botta. It opened in 1995, and was consecrated and dedicated to Saint Corbinian in 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Innsbruck Cathedral", + [ + "Innsbruck Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of St. James (), is an eighteenth-century Baroque cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Innsbruck in the city of Innsbruck, Austria, dedicated to the apostle Saint James, son of Zebedee. Based on designs by the architect Johann Jakob Herkomer, the cathedral was built between 1717 and 1724 on the site of a twelfth-century Romanesque church. The interior is enclosed by three domed vaults spanning the nave, and a dome with lantern above the chancel. With its lavish Baroque interior, executed in part by the Asam brothers, St. James is considered among the most important Baroque buildings in the Tyrol." + ] + ], + [ + "Mantua Cathedral", + [ + "Mantua Cathedral () in Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua." + ] + ], + [ + "Valencia", + [ + "On 9 July 2006, during Mass at Valencia's Cathedral, Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica, Pope Benedict XVI used, at the World Day of Families, the Santo Caliz, a 1st-century Middle-Eastern artifact that some Catholics believe is the Holy Grail. It was supposedly brought to that church by Emperor Valerian in the 3rd century, after having been brought by St. Peter to Rome from Jerusalem. The Santo Caliz (Holy Chalice) is a simple, small stone cup. Its base was added in Medieval Times and consists of fine gold, alabaster and gem stones." + ] + ], + [ + "Vatican City", + [ + "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''." + ] + ], + [ + "Erfurt Cathedral", + [ + "Erfurt Cathedral (, officially \"Hohe Domkirche St. Marien zu Erfurt\", English: Cathedral Church of St Mary at Erfurt), also known as St Mary's Cathedral, is the largest and oldest church building in the Thuringian city of Erfurt, central Germany. It is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt. The cathedral was mainly built in the International Gothic style and is located on a hillside overlooking the main town square (, Cathedral Square). Former German names include and ." + ] + ], + [ + "Foligno Cathedral", + [ + "Foligno Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on the Piazza della Repubblica in the center of Foligno, Italy. The cathedral, built on the site of an earlier basilica, is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, the martyr Felician of Foligno (San Feliciano), who was buried here in 251 AD. It is the seat of the Bishop of Foligno." + ] + ], + [ + "Mosaic", + [ + "Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen." + ] + ], + [ + "Albi Cathedral", + [ + "The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia (French: \"Basilique Cathédrale Sainte-Cécile d'Albi\"), also known as Albi Cathedral, is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Cathedral Basilica of Lima", + [ + "The Basilica Cathedral of Lima, otherwise Lima Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the Plaza Mayor of downtown Lima, Peru. Construction began in 1535, and the building has undergone many reconstructions and transformations since. It retains its colonial structure and facade. It is dedicated to St John, Apostle and Evangelist." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Name Cathedral (Steubenville, Ohio)", + [ + "Holy Name Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral in Steubenville, Ohio, United States. It is the seat of the Diocese of Steubenville." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane", + [ + "Archdiocese of Brisbane Archidioecesis Brisbanensis Coat of Arms of the Archdiocese of Brisbane Location Country Australia Territory South East region of Queensland, including Greater Brisbane Ecclesiastical province Brisbane 27 ° 27 ′ 56 ''S 153 ° 02 ′ 41'' E  /  27.46556 ° S 153.04472 ° E  / - 27.46556; 153.04472 Statistics Area 65,000 km (25,000 sq mi) Population - Total - Catholics (as of 2012) 2,849,000 663,000 (23.3%) Parishes 103 Information Denomination Catholic Church Sui iuris church Latin Church Rite Roman Rite Established 12 April 1859 as the Diocese of Brisbane; 10 May 1887 as the Archdiocese of Brisbane Cathedral Cathedral of St Stephen Patron saint Saint Mary of the Cross Secular priests 245 Current leadership Pope Francis Archbishop of Brisbane Mark Coleridge Auxiliary Bishops Joseph John Oudeman, O.F.M. Cap. Emeritus Bishops John Bathersby Website www.bne.catholic.net.au" + ] + ], + [ + "Cork (city)", + [ + "Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the Catholic cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808. Its distinctive tower was added in the 1860s. St Fin Barre's Cathedral serves the Protestant faith and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is built on the foundations of an earlier cathedral. Work began in 1862 and ended in 1879 under the direction of architect William Burges." + ] + ], + [ + "Getafe Cathedral", + [ + "Getafe Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de La Magdalena) is a Roman Catholic church located in Getafe, Spain. The edifice was a church for most of its existence, before becoming a cathedral in 1991 with the establishment of the Diocese of Getafe." + ] + ], + [ + "Cathedral of Chihuahua", + [ + "The Metropolitan Cathedral Church of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Francis of Assisi is the main ecclesiastical building of the Catholic Church in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. It is considered perhaps the finest example of colonial architecture in northern Mexico and dates from 1725. The cathedral is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chihuahua. the archbishop was Constancio Miranda Weckmann." + ] + ], + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica", + [ + "The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__586343_83289", + "question": "Who is the guy in the video of the performer of One Last Time?", + "answer": "Matt Bennett", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + 0 + ], + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "...Baby One More Time (song)", + [ + "\"...Baby One More Time\" was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in at least 18 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double-platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best-selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of \"If U Seek Amy\" (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011, \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted by Billboard to be the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums." + ] + ], + [ + "Ciboulette", + [ + "Ciboulette is a French opérette in three acts, music by Reynaldo Hahn, libretto by Robert de Flers and Francis de Croisset, first performed at the Théâtre des Variétés, in Paris, on 7 April 1923. One of the most elegant and refined composition of Hahn, considered as one of the last masterpieces of French operetta." + ] + ], + [ + "Don't Knock My Love", + [ + "\"Don't Knock My Love\" is a hit song performed by R&B singer Wilson Pickett and written by Pickett with Brad Shapiro. Released in the spring of 1971 from the album of the same title, it spent a week at number-one on the \"Billboard\" Best Selling Soul Singles Chart and peaked at #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart. The song, which was produced under a funk tempo, would be Pickett's last number-one single and one of his last hits for Atlantic Records." + ] + ], + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + [ + "\"One Last Time\" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her second studio album \"My Everything\". It was written by David Guetta, Savan Kotecha, Giorgio Tuinfort, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk. The song was produced by the latter two, with Tuinfort serving as a co-producer and Ilya serving both as a co-producer and vocal producer. \"One Last Time\" was first released on the iTunes Store on August 22, 2014 as the second promotional single from the album. On February 10, 2015, the song was sent to contemporary hit radio as the fifth and final single from the album. A French version of the song featuring French singer Kendji Girac, alternatively titled \"Attends-moi\", was released on February 16, 2015 in France, Belgium and Switzerland. It is also included on the deluxe version of Girac's debut studio album \"Kendji\" (2015). An Italian version of the song featuring Italian rapper Fedez was released on May 26, 2015 only in Italy." + ] + ], + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + [ + "The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''." + ] + ], + [ + "2008 Triglav Trophy", + [ + "The 2008 Triglav Trophy was the Triglav Trophy figure skating competition of the 2007–08 figure skating season. The competition is always held annually in the spring in Jesenice, Slovenia. Due to its timing, the Triglav Trophy is usually the last or one of the last International Skating Union-sanctioned international competitions of the season." + ] + ], + [ + "Sky Saxon", + [ + "In 2008, Saxon and the Seeds collaborated on some new songs and recordings with Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins. Saxon later appeared in the music video of the Smashing Pumpkins' song \"Superchrist\". Sky Saxon's last performance and recording was done in Austin, Texas." + ] + ], + [ + "Just One Last Time", + [ + "\"Just One Last Time\" is a song performed by French DJ and music producer David Guetta, featuring vocals from Swedish vocal duo Taped Rai. The track was released as the second single from the re-release of \"Nothing but the Beat\", 2.0, and serves as the album's eighth single overall. The song was released via digital download on November 15, 2012, and was released as a CD single on February 8, 2013. The song is used as the theme song for the film \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" (2013)." + ] + ], + [ + "Professional wrestling", + [ + "Most wrestling matches last for a set number of falls, with the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the winner. Historically, matches were wrestled to 3 falls (\"best 2 out of 3\") or 5 falls (\"best 3 out of 5\"). The standard for modern matches is one fall. However, even though it is now standard, many announcers will explicitly state this (e.g. \"The following contest is set for one fall with a 20-minute time limit\"). These matches are given a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is declared a draw. Modern matches are generally given a 10- to 30-minute time limit for standard matches; title matches can go for up to one hour. British wrestling matches held under Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules are 2 out of 3 falls." + ] + ], + [ + "Short Change", + [ + "Short Change is a consumer affairs programme for children, broadcast on BBC One and later also the CBBC Channel. It is essentially a version of the prime-time show \"Watchdog\" except that it is aimed at children. The show was first aired on 20 February 1994. It had 13 series; the last episode was broadcast on 9 July 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Kamshad Kooshan", + [ + "Since graduating from San Francisco State University and studying at American Conservatory of Theater, Kamshad Kooshan has written and directed three short films, with the last one, The Last Illusion touring such venues as American Film Institute and UCLA Film & Television Archive. He has taught at the Graduate Motion Picture & Video department of Academy of Art University in San Francisco for four years." + ] + ], + [ + "Daylight saving time", + [ + "In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that hour, and that day has 25 hours. A digital display of local time does not read 02:00 exactly at the shift to summer time, but instead jumps from 01:59:59.9 forward to 03:00:00.0." + ] + ], + [ + "Rondanini Pietà", + [ + "The Rondanini Pietà is a marble sculpture that Michelangelo worked on from 1552 until the last days of his life, in 1564. Several sources indicate that there were actually three versions, with this one being the last. The name Rondanini refers to the fact that the sculpture stood for centuries in the courtyard at the Palazzo Rondanini in Rome. Certain sources point out that biographer Giorgio Vasari had referred to this Pietà in 1550, suggesting that the first version may already have been underway at that time. The work is now in the Museum of Rondanini Pietà of Sforza Castle in Milan." + ] + ], + [ + "Time Marches On (song)", + [ + "``Time Marches On ''is a song written by Bobby Braddock, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released in March 1996 as the second single and title track from his album Time Marches On. It was the fifteenth chart single of his career. It spent three weeks at Number One on the Billboard country charts in mid-1996, becoming the longest - lasting Number One hit of his career. It also received a Single of the Year nomination from the Country Music Association in 1996, as well as a Song of the Year nomination for both 1996 and 1997." + ] + ], + [ + "I Won't Let You Down (OK Go song)", + [ + "``I Wo n't Let You Down ''is a single by American rock band OK Go that was released as a single in December 8, 2014 and is part of their album Hungry Ghosts. The video for the song was released on October 27, 2014. Like many of the band's past videos, the video is a one shot take recorded in double time showing the band members and several hundred dancers on personal transportation devices performing intricate choreographed routines while filmed by a camera on a multirotor aerial drone." + ] + ], + [ + "...Baby One More Time (song)", + [ + "``... Baby One More Time ''was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in every country it charted in, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double - platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best - selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best - selling singles of all time, with over 7 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of`` If U Seek Amy'' (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for ``... Baby One More Time ''was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011,``... Baby One More Time'' was voted the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums." + ] + ], + [ + "Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)", + [ + "Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64, is his last large orchestral work. It forms an important part of the violin repertoire and is one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos in history. A typical performance lasts just under half an hour." + ] + ], + [ + "Justin Tuveri", + [ + "Justin Tuveri (May 13, 1898 – October 5, 2007) was, at age 109, one of the last Italian veterans of the First World War and a French citizen at the time of his death." + ] + ], + [ + "Adolescence", + [ + "Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' homes have access to the Internet, and more than 90% of American adolescents use the Internet at least occasionally. As a result of the amount of time adolescents spend using these devices, their total media exposure is high. In the last decade, the amount of time that adolescents spend on the computer has greatly increased. Online activities with the highest rates of use among adolescents are video games (78% of adolescents), email (73%), instant messaging (68%), social networking sites (65%), news sources (63%), music (59%), and videos (57%)." + ] + ], + [ + "Hollywood Video", + [ + "Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last official one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__90327_83076_319330", + "question": "Who is the child of the president who suffered a major defeat when the body which approves members of the American cabinet refused to ratify the Versailles treaty?", + "answer": "Jessie Woodrow Wilson", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre", + 0 + ], + [ + "Treaty of Versailles", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cabinet of the United States", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Solicitor General of India", + [ + "The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years. The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country, assists the Attorney General, and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India. Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India, the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers (Terms and Conditions) Rules, 1972. However, unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory. Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General. Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 (1) of the Constitution, the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet. The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the, level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice, the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval. He resigned from his position on October 20, 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "Fidelia Njeze", + [ + "Fidelia Akuabata Njeze (born 8 June 1964) is the current Nigerian Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Njeze was previously appointed Nigerian minister of Aviation on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Before that appointment, she served as Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources and also Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of late President Umaru Yar'Adua." + ] + ], + [ + "President of Sierra Leone", + [ + "As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government, the president implements laws passed by parliament. The president has influence, especially over members of the party of the President in the legislative branch of Parliament. The president constitutionally appoints judges of the Sierra Leone Judicial branch, including judges of the high court, the court of appeals and the Supreme Court. The president heads a Cabinet of ministers, which must be approved by the Parliament. The president is the most famous, the most powerful, and the most influential person in the Government of Sierra Leone. The President of Sierra Leone is addressed as His Excellency. The current President of Sierra Leone is Rt. Brigadier Julius Maada Bio." + ] + ], + [ + "Mexican War of Independence", + [ + "On September 27, 1821 the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City, and the following day Iturbide proclaimed the independence of the Mexican Empire, as New Spain was henceforth to be called. The Treaty of Córdoba was not ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Iturbide included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown. Half of the new government employees appointed were Iturbide's followers." + ] + ], + [ + "Iran", + [ + "The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature. Eight Vice-Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of twenty-two ministers, who must all be approved by the legislature." + ] + ], + [ + "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre", + [ + "Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President Woodrow Wilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political activist, and \"She worked vigorously for women's suffrage, social issues, and to promote her father's call for a League of Nations, and emerged as a force in the Massachusetts Democratic Party.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "United States Environmental Protection Agency", + [ + "The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA or sometimes U.S. EPA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current Administrator is Scott Pruitt. The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Germany", + [ + "The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must \"conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law\" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Chapais", + [ + "In 1891, he ran unsuccessfully as a Conservative for the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Kamouraska. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1892 representing Laurentides. From 1893 to 1894, he was the Leader of the Government. In 1893, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Louis-Olivier Taillon. From 1895 to 1897, he was the Speaker of the Legislative Council. From 1896 to 1897, he was the President of the Executive Council in the cabinet of Edmund James Flynn and was a Cabinet Minister. In 1917, he refused a seat in the Senate but was summoned to the Senate in 1919. A Conservative, he represented the senatorial division of Grandville, Quebec and served until his death in 1946." + ] + ], + [ + "Treaty", + [ + "The Brazilian federal constitution states that the power to enter into treaties is vested in the president and that such treaties must be approved by Congress (articles 84, clause VIII, and 49, clause I). In practice, this has been interpreted as meaning that the executive branch is free to negotiate and sign a treaty, but its ratification by the president is contingent upon the prior approval of Congress. Additionally, the Federal Supreme Court has ruled that, following ratification and entry into force, a treaty must be incorporated into domestic law by means of a presidential decree published in the federal register in order to be valid in Brazil and applicable by the Brazilian authorities." + ] + ], + [ + "Greece", + [ + "According to the Constitution, executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President's duties were curtailed to a significant extent, and they are now largely ceremonial; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister. The position of Prime Minister, Greece's head of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain a vote of confidence by the Parliament. The President of the Republic formally appoints the Prime Minister and, on his recommendation, appoints and dismisses the other members of the Cabinet." + ] + ], + [ + "Treaty of Versailles", + [ + "After the Versailles conference, Democratic President Woodrow Wilson claimed that ``at last the world knows America as the savior of the world! ''However, the Republican Party, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, controlled the US Senate after the election of 1918, and the senators were divided into multiple positions on the Versailles question. It proved possible to build a majority coalition, but impossible to build a two - thirds coalition that was needed to pass a treaty." + ] + ], + [ + "Cabinet of the United States", + [ + "The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the ``nuclear option ''during the 113th US Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be invoked by ​ ⁄ supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll, are sworn in and then begin their duties." + ] + ], + [ + "Treaty", + [ + "In the United States, the term \"treaty\" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President." + ] + ], + [ + "Minister of Finance (India)", + [ + "Minister of Finance Emblem of India Incumbent Arun Jaitley since 26 May 2014 Ministry of Finance Style The Honourable Member of Cabinet Cabinet Committee on Security Appointer President on the advice of the Prime Minister Inaugural holder Liaquat Ali Khan Formation 29 October 1946" + ] + ], + [ + "East African Community", + [ + "South Sudan was eventually approved for membership to the bloc in March 2016, and signed a treaty of accession in April 2016. It had six months to ratify the agreement, which it did on 5 September, at which point it formally acceded to the community. It does not yet participate to the same extent as the other members." + ] + ], + [ + "Prime minister", + [ + "This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature." + ] + ], + [ + "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", + [ + "Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office \"with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,\" receive Ambassadors and Public Ministers, and \"take care that the laws be faithfully executed\" (Section 3.) By using these words, the Constitution does not require the president to personally enforce the law; rather, officers subordinate to the president may perform such duties. The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President. Congress may itself terminate such appointments, by impeachment, and restrict the president. Bodies such as the War Claims Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission—all quasi-judicial—often have direct Congressional oversight." + ] + ], + [ + "Vance C. McCormick", + [ + "Vance Criswell McCormick (June 19, 1872 – June 16, 1946) was an American politician and prominent businessman from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He served as mayor of Harrisburg from 1902 to 1905 and as United States Democratic National Committee chairman from 1916 to 1919. He was appointed chair of the American delegation at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, under President Woodrow Wilson." + ] + ], + [ + "European Union law", + [ + "The European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union. Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\" while Article 17(3) adds that Commissioners should be \"completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government\". Under article 17(2), \"Union legislative acts may only be adopted on the basis of a Commission proposal, except where the Treaties provide otherwise.\" This means that the Commission has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure, although the Council is the \"de facto catalyst of many legislative initiatives\". The Parliament can also formally request the Commission to submit a legislative proposal but the Commission can reject such a suggestion, giving reasons. The Commission's President (currently an ex-Luxembourg Prime Minister, Jean-Claude Juncker) sets the agenda for the EU's work. Decisions are taken by a simple majority vote, usually through a \"written procedure\" of circulating the proposals and adopting if there are no objections.[citation needed] Since Ireland refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007, there remains one Commissioner for each of the 28 member states, including the President and the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy (currently Federica Mogherini). The Commissioners (and most importantly, the portfolios they will hold) are bargained over intensively by the member states. The Commissioners, as a block, are then subject to a qualified majority vote of the Council to approve, and majority approval of the Parliament. The proposal to make the Commissioners be drawn from the elected Parliament, was not adopted in the Treaty of Lisbon. This means Commissioners are, through the appointment process, the unelected subordinates of member state governments." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__847420_720378_15538", + "question": "When did the state, that contains the county where Elmo is found, reinstate the death penalty?", + "answer": "1984", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Lake County, Oregon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Elmo, Montana", + 0 + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake County, Oregon", + [ + "Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Elmo, Montana", + [ + "Elmo (Salish: sqʷe, \"inlet in the lake\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 143 at the 2000 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Moorea-Maiao", + [ + "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__516535_834494_33939", + "question": "In 1900, what was the population of the city in the same county as Allen?", + "answer": "7,531", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Allen, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Allen, Arizona", + [ + "Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Moorea-Maiao", + [ + "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation", + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ." + ] + ], + [ + "Biłgoraj County", + [ + "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenia", + [ + "During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", + [ + "On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__216535_370666", + "question": "In what city is Alain Lascoux's employer located?", + "answer": "Tianjin", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Alain Lascoux", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tian Yunzhang", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Alain Lascoux", + [ + "Alain Lascoux (October 17, 1944 – October 20, 2013) was a French mathematician at the University of Marne la Vallée and Nankai University. His research was primarily in algebraic combinatorics, particularly Hecke algebras and Young tableaux." + ] + ], + [ + "HM Prison Tarrengower", + [ + "HM Prison Tarrengower is a women's prison located in Maldon, Victoria, Australia. It focuses on release preparation for the women, and provides them with programs and employment opportunities, also allowing them to build confidence and skill sets when it comes to gaining and maintaining employment both whilst in custody and also upon their release." + ] + ], + [ + "Tian Yunzhang", + [ + "Tian Yunzhang (田蕴章;born in May 1, 1945 in Tianjin, China) is a Chinese calligrapher and a calligraphy professor of Nankai University." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Veterans Benefits Administration", + [ + "The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is ``an organizational element of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ''. The Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) is responsible for administering the Department's programs that provide financial and other forms of assistance to Veterans, their dependents, and survivors. Major benefits include Veterans' compensation, Veterans' pension, survivors' benefits, rehabilitation and employment assistance, education assistance, home loan guaranties, and life insurance coverage." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ], + [ + "Samuel Estreicher", + [ + "Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Young tableau", + [ + "In mathematics, a Young tableau (; plural: tableaux) is a combinatorial object useful in representation theory and Schubert calculus. It provides a convenient way to describe the group representations of the symmetric and general linear groups and to study their properties. Young tableaux were introduced by Alfred Young, a mathematician at Cambridge University, in 1900. They were then applied to the study of the symmetric group by Georg Frobenius in 1903. Their theory was further developed by many mathematicians, including Percy MacMahon, W. V. D. Hodge, G. de B. Robinson, Gian-Carlo Rota, Alain Lascoux, Marcel-Paul Schützenberger and Richard P. Stanley." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Alain Terzian", + [ + "Alain Terzian (born 2 May 1949) is a French-Armenian film producer, Administrator of Cannes Film Festival jury, President of Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma. He is the chief executive officer of \"Alter Films\" and the President of Union of French Producers, UPF." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__91626_96912", + "question": "Who gives out the prize named after the author of The Wealth of Nations?", + "answer": "University of Cambridge", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Adam Smith Prize", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Wealth of Nations", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "3rd Berlin International Film Festival", + [ + "The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin \"A-Status\" in 1956." + ] + ], + [ + "Premio Nacional de Música", + [ + "The Premio Nacional de Música (In English: National Award for Music, or National Music Prize) forms part of the annual National Awards in Spain." + ] + ], + [ + "Sophie Prize", + [ + "The Sophie Prize was an international environment and development prize (USD 100,000) awarded annually from 1998 to 2013. It was established in 1997 by the Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder and his wife Siri Dannevig, and is named after Gaarder's novel \"Sophie's World\". It aimed to recognize individuals or organizations working with the environment and sustainable development. In 2013, representatives announced that the prize would not be awarded any longer due to a lack of funds." + ] + ], + [ + "Seth Rosenfeld", + [ + "Seth Rosenfeld (born 1956) is an American journalist. He is the author of \"Subversives: The FBI's War on Student Radicals, and Reagan's Rise to Power\", published in hardback in 2012 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and in paperback in 2013 by Picador. \"Subversives\" was a New York Times best-seller and won the 2013 Ridenhour Prize for books; PEN Center USA's Literary Award for Research Nonfiction; the National Society of Professional Journalists' Sunshine Award; and the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation." + ] + ], + [ + "Luis Alfredo Arango", + [ + "Luis Alfredo Arango (1936 in Totonicapán, Guatemala – 3 November 2001) was a poet. In 1988 he was awarded the Guatemala National Prize in Literature." + ] + ], + [ + "The Corrections", + [ + "The Corrections is a 2001 novel by American author Jonathan Franzen. It revolves around the troubles of an elderly Midwestern couple and their three adult children, tracing their lives from the mid-20th century to \"one last Christmas\" together near the turn of the millennium. The novel was awarded the National Book Award in 2001 and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 2002." + ] + ], + [ + "Gyldendal's Endowment", + [ + "Gyldendal's Endowment was a literature prize which was awarded in the period 1934–1995 by the Norwegian publisher Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. The prize was awarded to significant authors, regardless of which publisher the author was associated with. The basic capital of the legacies came from the release of \"Bjørnson's collective works\" in 1932." + ] + ], + [ + "Adam Smith Prize", + [ + "The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice." + ] + ], + [ + "Lars Jakobson", + [ + "Lars Jakobson (1959, Lund) is a Swedish author. Among the awards he won are the Svenska Dagbladet book prize and the Selma Lagerlöf Prize, both in 2006. For many years he lived in Stockholm." + ] + ], + [ + "Bel Canto (novel)", + [ + "Bel Canto is the fourth novel by American author Ann Patchett, published in 2001 by Perennial, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. It was awarded both the Orange Prize for Fiction and PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. It was placed on several top book lists, including Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2001). It was also adapted into an opera in 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Million Writers Award", + [ + "Million Writers Award is a short story literary award presented annually by storySouth since 2003. It honors the best online short stories. The award is structured to be egalitarian allowing for anyone to nominate a story including readers, authors, editors and publishers; prize money is donated by readers and writers; and the winners are selected by public vote from a short-list of entries selected by judges." + ] + ], + [ + "The Grapes of Wrath", + [ + "The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962." + ] + ], + [ + "Foster Child", + [ + "This National Film Board of Canada production received over 10 awards, including four Golden Sheaf Awards, a Special Jury Prize at the Banff Television Festival and a Gemini Award for best direction for a documentary program. It was broadcast on CBC's \"Man Alive\" series." + ] + ], + [ + "The Wealth of Nations", + [ + "The Wealth of Nations Author Adam Smith Country Scotland Language English Genre Economics, Philosophy Publisher W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London Publication date 1776" + ] + ], + [ + "Nobel Prize in Literature", + [ + "The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced ``in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ''(original Swedish:`` den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning''). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. It will not be awarded in 2018, but two names will be awarded in 2019." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates", + [ + "The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) ``to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. ''It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant; the prize was most recently awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons in 2017. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, Passy and Dunant shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor, which was equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008. The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three - time recipient) rather than an individual." + ] + ], + [ + "Her Third", + [ + "\"Her Third\" won two National Prizes in 1972, a third class national prize for Egon Günther for Achievements in Directing and a second class national prize for Jutta Hoffmann for Achievements in Acting. The film was screened at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 1972 and at the Venice Film Festival in 1972, where Jutta Hoffmann won an award for Best Actor in the category \"Venezia Critici\". \"Her Third\" was also chosen as East Germany's official submission to the 46th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Francis Ambrière", + [ + "Francis Ambrière (27 September 1907, Paris – 1 July 1998) was a French author who was selected for the Prix Goncourt in 1940, for his book \"Les Grandes Vacances\"; the prize was awarded in 1946 because of World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "Lisel Mueller", + [ + "Lisel Mueller (born February 8, 1924) is a German-American poet. She won the U.S. National Book Award in 1981 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1997." + ] + ], + [ + "Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship", + [ + "The Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship is an American award citation given jointly by the Nation Institute (a nonprofit media center with ties to \"The Nation\" magazine) and the Puffin Foundation. The annual $100,000 award honors artists and others for “socially responsible work” and challenges to authority. The prize is intended to \"encourage the recipients to continue their work, and to inspire others to challenge the prevailing orthodoxies they face in their careers.\" The inaugural award was in 2001." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__73760_712629", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the individual who lives in the houses in Windsor Castle?", + "answer": "Philip Mountbatten", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", + 0 + ], + [ + "Windsor Castle", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "German Castles Association", + [ + "The German Castles Association () or DBV is dedicated to the conservation of historic defensive and residential buildings as witnesses of history and culture and has its headquarters at Marksburg Castle above Braubach on the Rhine. It owns the organisation known as the European Castles Institute (\"Europäisches Burgeninstitut\") or (EBI) whose library and archives are housed in Philippsburg Palace in Braubach." + ] + ], + [ + "Dexter Coffin Bridge", + [ + "The Dexter Coffin Bridge is a crossing for Interstate 91 over the Connecticut River north of Hartford, Connecticut, connecting the towns of Windsor Locks, Connecticut and East Windsor, Connecticut. It can be seen from the Windsor Locks Amtrak station." + ] + ], + [ + "Greifensee Castle", + [ + "Greifensee Castle () is a castle in the municipality of Greifensee and the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It was probably built by the House of Rapperswil and is a Swiss heritage site of national significance." + ] + ], + [ + "Czocha Castle", + [ + "Czocha Castle (, , ) is a defensive castle in the village of Czocha (Gmina Lesna), Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. The castle is located on the Lake Leśnia, near the Kwisa river, in what is now the Polish part of Upper Lusatia. Czocha castle was built on gneiss rock, and its oldest part is the keep, to which housing structures were later added." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year." + ] + ], + [ + "Gowran Castle", + [ + "Gowran Castle is located in the centre of Gowran, County Kilkenny, Ireland. The castle is a manor house and was fully restored between 2013 and 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa", + [ + "Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa (1497 – 31 December 1536), also called \"Margareta Vasa\" and \"Margareta of Hoya\", was a Swedish noblewoman, sister of king Gustav I of Sweden. Between 1525 and 1534, she commanded Vyborg Castle on several occasions during the absence of her spouse." + ] + ], + [ + "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth", + [ + "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth II", + [ + "In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, \"The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave.\" Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: \"We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Villa Foscari", + [ + "Villa Foscari is a patrician villa in Mira, near Venice, northern Italy, designed by the Italian architect Andrea Palladio. It is also known as \"La Malcontenta\", a nickname which it received when the spouse of one of the Foscaris was locked up in the house because she allegedly didn't live up to her conjugal duty." + ] + ], + [ + "New Windsor Historic District", + [ + "New Windsor Historic District is a national historic district at New Windsor, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The district contains a wide variety of domestic, commercial, public, educational, and religious resources reflecting the development of the town from its founding in 1796 up to the World War II era. Most common homes are 2- or -story center-entrance or center-passage plan dwellings, of both three and five bays, and three-bay side-passage plan houses." + ] + ], + [ + "Windsor Castle", + [ + "Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847, Balmoral Castle. In March 1864, a protester stuck a notice on the railings of Buckingham Palace that announced \"these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business\". Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage." + ] + ], + [ + "Windsor Castle (novel)", + [ + "Windsor Castle is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1842. It is a historical romance with gothic elements that depicts Henry VIII's pursuit of Anne Boleyn. Intertwined with the story are the actions of Herne the Hunter, a legendary ghost that haunts Windsor woods." + ] + ], + [ + "Windsor Castle", + [ + "Originally designed to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London and oversee a strategically important part of the River Thames, Windsor Castle was built as a motte-and-bailey, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone fortifications, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the First Barons' War at the start of the 13th century. Henry III built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and Edward III went further, rebuilding the palace to make an even grander set of buildings in what would become \"the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England\". Edward's core design lasted through the Tudor period, during which Henry VIII and Elizabeth I made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment." + ] + ], + [ + "Windsor Castle", + [ + "Edward VII came to the throne in 1901 and immediately set about modernising Windsor Castle with \"enthusiasm and zest\". Many of the rooms in the Upper Ward were de-cluttered and redecorated for the first time in many years, with Edward \"peering into cabinets; ransacking drawers; clearing rooms formerly used by the Prince Consort and not touched since his death; dispatching case-loads of relics and ornaments to a special room in the Round Tower ... destroying statues and busts of John Brown ... throwing out hundreds of 'rubbishy old coloured photographs' ... [and] rearranging pictures\". Electric lighting was added to more rooms, along with central heating; telephone lines were installed, along with garages for the newly invented automobiles. The marathon was run from Windsor Castle at the 1908 Olympics, and in 1911 the pioneering aviator Thomas Sopwith landed an aircraft at the castle for the first time." + ] + ], + [ + "Oliver Castle", + [ + "Oliver Castle was a medieval tower house, located in the upper Tweed Valley in the Scottish Borders. The site of the hillfort known as Oliver Castle is to the north of the village of Tweedsmuir, although the site of the tower house is less certain. Mentioned in a document of c.1200, it was originally part of the line of peel towers along the Tweed Valley. It was replaced in the seventeenth century by a house, which was itself replaced in the late 18th century by the present Oliver House. For most of its existence the property has been owned by members of the Tweedie family." + ] + ], + [ + "William IV", + [ + "William IV Portrait by Sir Martin Archer Shee, 1833 King of the United Kingdom (more...) Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Coronation 8 September 1831 Predecessor George IV Successor Victoria Prime Ministers See list (show) Duke of Wellington Earl Grey Viscount Melbourne Robert Peel King of Hanover Reign 26 June 1830 -- 20 June 1837 Predecessor George IV Successor Ernest Augustus (1765 - 08 - 21) 21 August 1765 Buckingham House, London 20 June 1837 (1837 - 06 - 20) (aged 71) Windsor Castle, Berkshire Burial 8 July 1837 St George's Chapel, Windsor Spouse Adelaide of Saxe - Meiningen Issue more... Legitimate: Princess Charlotte of Clarence Princess Elizabeth of Clarence Illegitimate: George FitzClarence, Earl of Munster Henry FitzClarence Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L'Isle and Dudley Lady Mary Fox Lord Frederick FitzClarence Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll Lord Adolphus FitzClarence Lady Augusta Gordon Lord Augustus FitzClarence Amelia Cary, Viscountess Falkland Full name William Henry House Hanover Father George III of the United Kingdom Mother Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz Religion Anglican Occupation Military (Naval) Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy (active service) Years of service 1779 -- 1790 (active service) Rank Rear - Admiral (active service) Commands held HMS Andromeda HMS Pegasus Battles / wars Battle of Cape St Vincent" + ] + ], + [ + "George VI", + [ + "George VI Formal photo portrait, circa 1940 -- 1946 King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (more...) Reign 11 December 1936 -- 6 February 1952 Coronation 12 May 1937 Predecessor Edward VIII Successor Elizabeth II Prime Ministers See list Emperor of India Reign 11 December 1936 -- 15 August 1947 Predecessor Edward VIII (1895 - 12 - 14) 14 December 1895 York Cottage, Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom 6 February 1952 (1952 - 02 - 06) (aged 56) Sandringham House, Norfolk, United Kingdom Burial 15 February 1952 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Spouse Elizabeth Bowes - Lyon (m. 1923) Issue Detail Elizabeth II Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Full name Albert Frederick Arthur George House Windsor (from 1917) Saxe - Coburg and Gotha (until 1917) Father George V Mother Mary of Teck Signature Military career Allegiance United Kingdom Service / branch Royal Navy Royal Air Force Years of service 1909 -- 1919 (active service) Battles / wars Battle of Jutland Awards Mentioned in dispatches" + ] + ], + [ + "Old Windsor", + [ + "Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, in Berkshire, England. It is bound by the River Thames to the east and Windsor Great Park to the west." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__71753_261673_70784_79935", + "question": "When was the region that lies to the north of the where Israel is located and the location of Shamal created?", + "answer": "1930", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "History of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Shamal (wind)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Zubarah", + [ + "Zubarah (), also referred to as Al Zubarah or Az Zubarah, is a ruined and ancient fort located on the north western coast of the Qatar peninsula in the Al Shamal municipality, about 105 km from the Qatari capital of Doha. It was founded by Shaikh Muhammed bin Khalifa, the founder father of Al Khalifa royal family of Bahrain, the main and principal Utub tribe in the first half of the eighteenth century. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Champlain, Quebec", + [ + "Champlain is a municipality, located in Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality and the administrative region the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located on the north shore of St. Lawrence River, Champlain is also part of the metropolitan area of Trois-Rivières." + ] + ], + [ + "Gazit", + [ + "Gazit () is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "For much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930." + ] + ], + [ + "North East Side (Denver)", + [ + "The North East Side (Denver), is a region/area located in both Denver County and Adams County. The neighborhoods located within Denver's north east side are Elyria-Swansea, Commerce City, and Derby. As of the 2007 Denver Piton Foundation and the United States Census Bureau, the region/area had a total population of 53,541 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Deuteronilus Mensae", + [ + "Deuteronilus Mensae is a region on Mars 937 km across and centered at . It covers 344°–325° West and 40°–48° North. Deuteronilus region lies just to the north of Arabia Terra and is included in the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle. It is along the dichotomy boundary, that is between the old, heavily cratered southern highlands and the low plains of the northern hemisphere. The region contains flat-topped knobby terrain that may have been formed by glaciers at some time in the past. Deuteronilus Mensae is to the immediate west of Protonilus Mensae and Ismeniae Fossae. Glaciers persist in the region in modern times, with at least one glacier estimated to have formed as recently as 100,000 to 10,000 years ago. Recent evidence from the radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has shown that parts of Deuteronilus Mensae do indeed contain ice." + ] + ], + [ + "Shamal (wind)", + [ + "A shamal (, 'north') is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year, mostly in summer but sometimes in winter. The resulting wind typically creates large sandstorms that impact Iraq, most sand having been picked up from Jordan and Syria." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Wilkinson", + [ + "Mount Wilkinson is a low mountain immediately north-northwest of and directly overlooking downtown Vinings, in southeast Cobb County, Georgia, USA. Although it rises significantly from the surrounding terrain, it is actually at or slightly below the average elevation for the region, as it is in the Chattahoochee River valley. Formerly called Signal Mountain, today it is commonly known as Vinings Mountain." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ‎), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ‎), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others." + ] + ], + [ + "Umm al Kilab", + [ + "Umm al Kilab is a settlement in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ash Shamal. Owing to its propensity for vegetation, various farms are based in the area." + ] + ], + [ + "Tzelafon", + [ + "Tzelafon () is a moshav in central Israel. Located to the north of Beit Shemesh, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Ceraunius Fossae", + [ + "Ceraunius Fossae is an area of intensely fractured terrain in the northern Tharsis region of Mars. It lies directly south of the large volcano Alba Mons and consists of ancient highland crust that has been deformed by numerous parallel faults and tension cracks. In places, younger lava flows cover the fractured terrain, dividing it into several large patches or islands. It is found in the Tharsis quadrangle." + ] + ], + [ + "East Redonda Island", + [ + "East Redonda Island is a coastal island in British Columbia, Canada, part of the Discovery Islands archipelago. It lies just to the north of Desolation Sound Marine Park, which is located off the north end of the Malaspina Peninsula at the mouth of Toba Inlet within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District." + ] + ], + [ + "Wollaston Peninsula", + [ + "The Wollaston Peninsula (previously, Wollaston Land) is a west-pointing peninsula located on southwestern Victoria Island, Canada. It is bordered by Prince Albert Sound to the north, Amundsen Gulf to the west and Dolphin and Union Strait to the south. Most of the peninsula lies in Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region but a smaller portion lies within the Northwest Territories's Inuvik Region. The peninsula is long, and between wide. Its westernmost point is Cape Baring." + ] + ], + [ + "Manitung Island", + [ + "Manitung Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Kekertaluk Island, Nedlukseak Island, and Nudlung Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Kazakhstan", + [ + "It shares borders of 6,846 kilometres (4,254 mi) with Russia, 2,203 kilometres (1,369 mi) with Uzbekistan, 1,533 kilometres (953 mi) with China, 1,051 kilometres (653 mi) with Kyrgyzstan, and 379 kilometres (235 mi) with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.Kazakhstan's terrain extends west to east from the Caspian Sea to the Altay Mountains and north to south from the plains of Western Siberia to the oases and deserts of Central Asia. The Kazakh Steppe (plain), with an area of around 804,500 square kilometres (310,600 sq mi), occupies one-third of the country and is the world's largest dry steppe region. The steppe is characterised by large areas of grasslands and sandy regions. Major seas, lakes and rivers include the Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash and Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge and the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers." + ] + ], + [ + "Wariri", + [ + "Wariri (Aymara \"wari\" vicuña, \"-(i)ri\" a suffix, Hispanicized spelling \"Huarire\", also \"Huairire\") is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about high. It is located in the Tacna Region, Tarata Province, Susapaya District. Wariri lies between the lake Wilaquta in the north and Ñiq'i Quta (\"mud lake\") in the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council", + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council (, \"Mo'atza Azorit Hevel Eilot\") is a regional council in the Southern District of Israel, near the city of Eilat. It is the southernmost regional council in Israel." + ] + ], + [ + "Nilo Syrtis", + [ + "Nilo Syrtis (or Nilosyrtis) is a region just north of Syrtis Major Planum on Mars, at approximately 23°N, 76°E and an elevation of −0.5 km. It marks a region of transition (a \"crustal dichotomy\") between southern highland and northern lowland terrain, and consists of isolated peaks and mesas. On average, the drop in elevation between the two terrains is 5,500 meters (18,000 feet)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__60001_512508", + "question": "What did the person who discovered that all atoms of an element have the same number of protons participate in?", + "answer": "Manhattan Project", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Atomic number", + 0 + ], + [ + "James Chadwick", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Platinum", + [ + "Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish - white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, meaning ``little silver ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Oganesson", + [ + "Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow in Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name is in line with the tradition of honoring a scientist, in this case the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who has played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium; it is also the only element whose namesake is alive today.Oganesson has the highest atomic number and highest atomic mass of all known elements. The radioactive oganesson atom is very unstable, and since 2005, only five (possibly six) atoms of the nuclide 294Og have been detected. Although this allowed very little experimental characterization of its properties and possible compounds, theoretical calculations have resulted in many predictions, including some surprising ones. For example, although oganesson is a member of group 18 – the first synthetic element to be so – it may be significantly reactive, unlike all the other elements of that group (the noble gases). It was formerly thought to be a gas under normal conditions but is now predicted to be a solid due to relativistic effects. On the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of period 7." + ] + ], + [ + "Oxygen", + [ + "Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. However, monitoring of atmospheric oxygen levels show a global downward trend, because of fossil-fuel burning. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass." + ] + ], + [ + "Period 4 element", + [ + "A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fourth period contains 18 elements, beginning with potassium and ending with krypton. As a rule, period 4 elements fill their 4s shells first, then their 3d and 4p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as chromium." + ] + ], + [ + "Oxygen", + [ + "John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monatomic and that the atoms in compounds would normally have the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another. For example, Dalton assumed that water's formula was HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16. In 1805, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen; and by 1811 Amedeo Avogadro had arrived at the correct interpretation of water's composition, based on what is now called Avogadro's law and the assumption of diatomic elemental molecules.[a]" + ] + ], + [ + "Vega", + [ + "In astronomy, those elements with higher atomic numbers than helium are termed \"metals\". The metallicity of Vega's photosphere is only about 32% of the abundance of heavy elements in the Sun's atmosphere. (Compare this, for example, to a threefold metallicity abundance in the similar star Sirius as compared to the Sun.) For comparison, the Sun has an abundance of elements heavier than helium of about ZSol = 0.0172 ± 0.002. Thus, in terms of abundances, only about 0.54% of Vega consists of elements heavier than helium." + ] + ], + [ + "Hydrogen", + [ + "The energy levels of hydrogen can be calculated fairly accurately using the Bohr model of the atom, which conceptualizes the electron as \"orbiting\" the proton in analogy to the Earth's orbit of the Sun. However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity. Because of the discretization of angular momentum postulated in early quantum mechanics by Bohr, the electron in the Bohr model can only occupy certain allowed distances from the proton, and therefore only certain allowed energies." + ] + ], + [ + "History of nuclear weapons", + [ + "In the first decades of the 20th century, physics was revolutionised with developments in the understanding of the nature of atoms. In 1898, Pierre and Marie Curie discovered that pitchblende, an ore of uranium, contained a substance -- which they named radium -- that emitted large amounts of radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy identified that atoms were breaking down and turning into different elements. Hopes were raised among scientists and laymen that the elements around us could contain tremendous amounts of unseen energy, waiting to be harnessed." + ] + ], + [ + "Atomic number", + [ + "All consideration of nuclear electrons ended with James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron in 1932. An atom of gold now was seen as containing 118 neutrons rather than 118 nuclear electrons, and its positive charge now was realized to come entirely from a content of 79 protons. After 1932, therefore, an element's atomic number Z was also realized to be identical to the proton number of its nuclei." + ] + ], + [ + "Neodymium", + [ + "Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium belongs to the lanthanide series and is a rare-earth element. It is a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal, that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture. When oxidized, neodymium reacts quickly to produce pink, purple/blue and yellow compounds in the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation state. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is fairly common, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China." + ] + ], + [ + "Alpha decay", + [ + "Alpha decay or α - decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two. An alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium - 4 atom, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. It has a charge of + 2e and a mass of 4u. For example, uranium - 238 decays to form thorium - 234. Alpha particles have a charge + 2, but as a nuclear equation describes a nuclear reaction without considering the electrons -- a convention that does not imply that the nuclei necessarily occur in neutral atoms -- the charge is not usually shown." + ] + ], + [ + "Chemical element", + [ + "A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z). 118 elements are identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust." + ] + ], + [ + "Period (periodic table)", + [ + "A period in the periodic table is one of the horizontal rows, all of those elements have the same number of electron shells. Going across a period, each element has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law. For example, the alkali metals lie in the first column (group 1) and share similar properties, such as high reactivity and the tendency to lose one electron to arrive at a noble - gas electronic configuration. As of 2016 a total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed." + ] + ], + [ + "Francium", + [ + "Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element first discovered in nature, rather than by synthesis. Outside the laboratory, francium is extremely rare, with trace amounts found in uranium and thorium ores, where the isotope francium-223 continually forms and decays. As little as 20–30 g (one ounce) exists at any given time throughout the Earth's crust; the other isotopes (except for francium-221) are entirely synthetic. The largest amount produced in the laboratory was a cluster of more than 300,000 atoms." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the periodic table", + [ + "In 1914, a year before he was killed in action at Gallipoli, the English physicist Henry Moseley found a relationship between the X-ray wavelength of an element and its atomic number. He was then able to re-sequence the periodic table by nuclear charge, rather than by atomic weight. Before this discovery, atomic numbers were sequential numbers based on an element's atomic weight. Moseley's discovery showed that atomic numbers were in fact based upon experimental measurements." + ] + ], + [ + "Helium", + [ + "Helium (from Greek: ἥλιος, translit. Helios, lit. 'Sun') is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling point is the lowest among all the elements." + ] + ], + [ + "Uranium", + [ + "Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite." + ] + ], + [ + "Future of an expanding universe", + [ + "1040 (10 duodecillion) yearsGiven our assumed half-life of the proton, nucleons (protons and bound neutrons) will have undergone roughly 1,000 half-lives by the time the universe is 1040 years old. To put this into perspective, there are an estimated 1080 protons currently in the universe. This means that the number of nucleons will be slashed in half 1,000 times by the time the universe is 1040 years old. Hence, there will be roughly 0.51,000 (approximately 10−301) as many nucleons remaining as there are today; that is, zero nucleons remaining in the universe at the end of the Degenerate Age. Effectively, all baryonic matter will have been changed into photons and leptons. Some models predict the formation of stable positronium atoms with a greater diameter than the observable universe's current diameter in 1085 years, and that these will in turn decay to gamma radiation in 10141 years." + ] + ], + [ + "James Chadwick", + [ + "During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959." + ] + ], + [ + "Nucleosynthesis", + [ + "Supernova nucleosynthesis within exploding stars by fusing carbon and oxygen is responsible for the abundances of elements between magnesium (atomic number 12) and nickel (atomic number 28). Supernova nucleosynthesis is also thought to be responsible for the creation of rarer elements heavier than iron and nickel, in the last few seconds of a type II supernova event. The synthesis of these heavier elements absorbs energy (endothermic) as they are created, from the energy produced during the supernova explosion. Some of those elements are created from the absorption of multiple neutrons (the R process) in the period of a few seconds during the explosion. The elements formed in supernovas include the heaviest elements known, such as the long - lived elements uranium and thorium." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__199362_378185_282674_759393", + "question": "What is the capital of the county that shares a border with the county where WAPL is licensed to broadcast?", + "answer": "Green Bay", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "WAPL", + 0 + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pulaski High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Baranya County", + [ + "The county lies in southern Hungary, on the border with Croatia. The River Drava forms part of its southern border, and the River Danube its eastern border. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, and Bács-Kiskun. The capital of Baranya county is Pécs." + ] + ], + [ + "Bondary", + [ + "Bondary is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michałowo, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It lies approximately south-east of Michałowo and south-east of the regional capital Białystok." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Ujsoły", + [ + "Gmina Ujsoły is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its seat is the village of Ujsoły, which lies approximately south of Żywiec and south of the regional capital Katowice." + ] + ], + [ + "Rodnowo", + [ + "Rodnowo () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately west of Bartoszyce and north of the regional capital Olsztyn." + ] + ], + [ + "WAPL", + [ + "WAPL (105.7 FM) is a classic rock formatted radio station licensed to Appleton, Wisconsin, that serves the Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh areas. The station is owned by Woodward Communications, and has studios on College Avenue in Appleton, with transmitting facilities located near the WGBA Tower west of unincorporated Shirley in the Town of Glenmore in southeastern Brown County." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of the United States", + [ + "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Union territory", + [ + "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana." + ] + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + [ + "John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat)." + ] + ], + [ + "WRGV", + [ + "WRGV (107.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Pensacola, Florida, United States. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and the broadcast license is held by Clear Channel Broadcasting Licenses, Inc. WRGV broadcasts an urban contemporary music format to the greater Pensacola, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama, area. Its studios are located located inside the building of unrelated television station WKRG on Broadcast Drive in Mobile, and the transmitter is near Robertsdale, Alabama." + ] + ], + [ + "Pulaski High School", + [ + "Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider." + ] + ], + [ + "Naas River", + [ + "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Confederate Arizona", + [ + "Confederate Arizona, commonly referred to as Arizona Territory, and officially the Territory of Arizona, was a territory claimed by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, between 1861 and 1865. Delegates to secession conventions had voted in March 1861 to secede from the New Mexico Territory and the United States, and seek to join the Confederacy. It consisted of the portion of the New Mexico Territory south of the 34th parallel, including parts of the modern states of New Mexico and Arizona. Its capital was Mesilla along the southern border. The Confederate territory overlapped the Arizona Territory later established by the Union government in 1863." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Tymce", + [ + "Tymce (, \"Tymtsi\") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubaczów, within Lubaczów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately north-east of Lubaczów and east of the regional capital Rzeszów." + ] + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + [ + "Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "WFFG-FM", + [ + "WFFG-FM (100.3 FM), known as \"Froggy 100.3\", is a country music radio station in the United States, licensed to Warrensburg, New York, and owned by Pamal Broadcasting. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day on 100.3 MHz with 1,450 watts effective radiated power from a transmitter located near Black Spruce mountain in the town of Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. (shared with WCKM-FM, WCQL and the former location of WNYQ, now WQSH in the Albany market), and serves the Adirondack Region and the Capital District of New York." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__93066_88342_47738", + "question": "When did the team that won the AL East in 2017 last play in the series of games that the MLB MVP award is given after?", + "answer": "the 2009 season", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2017 American League Championship Series", + 0 + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + 0 + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Boston Red Sox", + [ + "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman." + ] + ], + [ + "Jake Odorizzi", + [ + "Jacob Todd Odorizzi (born March 27, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2012 with the Kansas City Royals, and also played for the Tampa Bay Rays from 2013 through 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "2003 World Series", + [ + "The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 -- 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21 -- 17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2017, this is the Marlins' last appearance not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "MLB Tonight", + [ + "MLB Tonight is the signature program that airs on MLB Network and is simulcast on MLB Network Radio. The show offers complete coverage of all Major League Baseball games from 6pm ET till 1am ET during the regular season, and gives news from all 30 MLB teams during the offseason. It is taped live in Studio 3 of the MLB Network facility in Secaucus, New Jersey, but also features segments taped in Studio 42. The program aired from the beginning of Spring Training to the end of the World Series and was replaced in the offseason by \"Hot Stove\", until it started to air in the offseason, and \"Hot Stove\" became MLB Network's weekday morning show. The show won the Sports Emmy Award for best Daily Outstanding Studio Show for 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Jackie Robinson", + [ + "Robinson had an exceptional 10 - year MLB career. He was the recipient of the inaugural MLB Rookie of the Year Award in 1947, was an All - Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, and won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949 -- the first black player so honored. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 American League Championship Series", + [ + "The Yankees upset the heavily - favored Cleveland Indians 3 -- 2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year in which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston Red Sox", + [ + "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won nine World Series championships, tied for the third-most of any MLB team, and they have played in 13. Their most recent appearance and win was in . In addition, they won the American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The \"Red Sox\" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, \"circa\" 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the \"Boston Red Stockings\", including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves." + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Brady", + [ + "Over his career, Brady has won two league MVP awards, five Super Bowls, and four Super Bowl MVP Awards. A 12 - time Pro Bowler, Brady has also twice led the NFL in passing yardage. As of November 2017, he currently owns the third - highest career passer rating (97.9) among quarterbacks with at least 1,500 career passing attempts. He has thrown for more passing yards and touchdowns than any quarterback in NFL postseason history; he also has won more playoff games than any other quarterback. As a result of his highly successful career, Brady is rated among the greatest quarterbacks of all time." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters." + ] + ], + [ + "Hart Memorial Trophy", + [ + "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 World Series", + [ + "The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series was played between October 24 and November 1. It was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV." + ] + ], + [ + "Miguel Cabrera", + [ + "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros" + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + [ + "During the off - season, the Yankees retooled their roster with several star free agent acquisitions, including CC Sabathia, Mark Teixeira, and A.J. Burnett. At the beginning of the 2009 season, the Yankees opened the new Yankee Stadium, located just a block north on River Avenue from their former home. The Yankees set a major league record by playing error - free ball for 18 consecutive games from May 14 to June 1, 2009. The Yankees finished first in the AL East. In the ALDS they defeated the Twins in a sweep before moving on to the ALCS where the Yankees defeated Angels in six games. They defeated the defending champions, the Philadelphia Phillies, in Game 6 of the World Series 7 -- 3, to take the series 4 -- 2, their 27th World Series title." + ] + ], + [ + "Willie Mays", + [ + "Mays won two National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ended his career with 660 home runs - third at the time of his retirement and currently fifth all - time - and won a record - tying 12 Gold Glove awards beginning in 1957, when the award was introduced." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__131061_54221", + "question": "How early can you buy alcohol in the state encompassing Tracy-Causer Block?", + "answer": "5am", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Alcohol laws of Maine", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tracy-Causer Block", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Legal drinking age", + [ + "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcohol proof", + [ + "The proof system in the United States was established around 1848 and was based on percent alcohol rather than specific gravity. 50% alcohol was defined as 100 proof." + ] + ], + [ + "Bokaro (Thermal)", + [ + "Bokaro Thermal is a census town in Bermo block in Bermo subdivision of Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Often colloquially referred to as 'BTPS', as the Bokaro Thermal Power Station is located in this area." + ] + ], + [ + "12 oz. Mouse", + [ + "12 oz. Mouse is an American surreal humour and psychological thriller animated television series created by Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. The series revolves around Mouse Fitzgerald, nicknamed \"Fitz\" (voiced by Maiellaro), an alcoholic mouse who performs odd jobs so he can buy more beer. Together with his chinchilla companion Skillet, Fitz begins to recover suppressed memories that he once had a wife and a child who have now vanished. This leads him to seek answers about his past and the shadowy forces that seem to be manipulating his world." + ] + ], + [ + "Glock", + [ + "In 1998, the frame was further modified with an accessory rail (called the ``Universal Glock rail '') to allow the mounting of laser sights, tactical lights, and other accessories. Thumb rests on both sides of the frame and finger grooves on the front strap were added. Glock pistols with these upgrades are informally referred to as (early)`` third - generation'' models. Later third - generation models additionally featured a modified extractor that serves as a loaded chamber indicator, and the locking block was enlarged, along with the addition of an extra cross pin to aid the distribution of bolt thrust forces exerted by the locking block. This cross pin is known as the locking block pin and is located above the trigger pin." + ] + ], + [ + "Tracy, Iowa", + [ + "Tracy is an unincorporated community in eastern Marion County, Iowa, United States. It lies along local roads east of the city of Knoxville, the county seat of Marion County. Its elevation is 784 feet (239 m). Although Tracy is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 50256, which opened on 31 January 1876. Tracy was laid out in October 1875 by Capt. Alexander F. Tracy and S. Merrill." + ] + ], + [ + "La Fave Block", + [ + "The La Fave Block is located at the intersection of East Cooper Avenue and South Hunter Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a brick commercial building erected in the late 1880s, during the initial mining boom that created Aspen. Today it is the second oldest brick commercial building in the city, and, along with its neighbors on East Cooper, the only structure left built by Frank LaFave, one of Aspen's early settlers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987." + ] + ], + [ + "Prote Poker", + [ + "Prote Poker (born 1952) is a former Utshmau (chief) of the Mushuau Innu First Nation in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, who served between 2007 and 2010. He was selected by the Mushuau Innu in May 2007, replacing the incumbent Utshmau Simon Pokue. He championed an alcohol ban in the community, which was approved in 2008. He was defeated by Simeon Tshakapesh when he ran for re-election in March 2010. He and others later launched a lawsuit alleging that the election was tainted, including the use of alcohol to buy votes. Tshakapesh denied the allegations." + ] + ], + [ + "Rehal hamlet", + [ + "Rehal is a hamlet situated in Nauhatta block and located in Rohtas district of Bihar, India. It is one of 68 villages in Nauhatta Block along with villages like Bhurwa and Dewadand." + ] + ], + [ + "Panki block", + [ + "Panki Block is one of the administrative blocks of Palamu district, Jharkhand, a state in India. According to census records (2001), the block has 21,687 households with aggregate population of 123,820. The block has 200 villages." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant", + [ + "The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant (or ADMS Block Grant) was a federal assistance block grant given by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. This block grant has been replaced by two separate block grants which cover essentially the same set of services once combined in the ADMS. These are the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (Substance Abuse Block Grant) ( et seq) and the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant." + ] + ], + [ + "Hampton Double Square Historic District", + [ + "The Hampton Double Square Historic District is a historic district located in Hampton, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003. At the time of its nomination it contained 43 resources, which included 28 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, 10 non-contributing buildings, one non-contributing site, one non-contributing structures, and on non-contributing object. The town of Hampton was laid out by H.P. Allen, who was the county surveyor, in June 1856. The original plat was eight blocks by eight blocks in the shape of an “L”. Near the center of the “L” was the two-block, or double, square. While many county seats in Iowa have a courthouse square, the double square is a rarity. Four double squares were platted in Iowa, but only those in Hampton and Sidney survived their early period of development. Estherville's square was platted as a four-block square, but its development created a double square instead. Hampton has the only symmetrical double square plan in the state. The double square exemplifies the two primary functions of a public square, both commercial and public development." + ] + ], + [ + "Challenge 21", + [ + "Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 are part of a scheme in the United Kingdom, introduced by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA), with the intention of preventing young people gaining access to age restricted products including cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Under the scheme, customers attempting to buy age - restricted products are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 or 25, even though the minimum age to buy alcohol and cigarettes in the UK is 18." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcohol laws of Kentucky", + [ + "Another inconsistency involves the difference between legal ages for buying and selling alcoholic beverages. The legal age for purchase is 21, as in all U.S. states. However, the legal age for selling or serving alcoholic beverages in a licensed establishment is 20. In the case of packaged beer, the legal selling age is 18, as long as the person is supervised by someone who is at least 20." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcohol laws of Maine", + [ + "Alcohol may be sold between the hours of 5am and 1am each day of the week. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m." + ] + ], + [ + "Butler Hotel", + [ + "The Butler Hotel or Hotel Butler in Seattle, Washington, was one of Seattle's leading hotels in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was located at the corner of Second Avenue and James Street, in what is now the Pioneer Square-Skid Road National Historic District. During the Prohibition era, its Rose Room was repeatedly cited for flouting the laws against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. It closed in 1933; the lower two floors survive as part of the Butler Garage. The building itself is also known as the Butler Block, the name over the main entrance." + ] + ], + [ + "Tracy-Causer Block", + [ + "The Tracy-Causer Block is an historic commercial building located at 505-509 Fore Street in the Old Port commercial district of Portland, Maine. Built in 1866 as a mixed-used residential and commercial building, it is a rare surviving example of this type of building in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Legal drinking age", + [ + "Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiber Oil Field", + [ + "The Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater offshore oil field located in the Keathley Canyon block 102 of the United States sector of the Gulf of Mexico. The deepwater field (defined as water depth ,) was discovered in September 2009 and it is operated by BP. Described as a \"giant\" find, it is estimated to contain of oil in place. Although BP states it is too early to be sure of the size – a \"huge\" field is usually considered to contain . It required the drilling of a deep well under of water, making it one of the deepest wells ever drilled at the time of discovery." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States", + [ + "Although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see National Minimum Drinking Age Act), the legal details vary greatly. While a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 21, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__199513_13732", + "question": "How old was Mary when engaged to the person from whom São José dos Campos takes it's name?", + "answer": "12–14 years old", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + 0 + ], + [ + "São José dos Campos", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "José Pinto Coelho", + [ + "José de Almeida e Vasconcelos Pinto Coelho (born Lisbon, Campo Grande, 27 September 1960) commonly known just by José Pinto-Coelho, is a Portuguese far-right and nationalist politician, president of the National Renovator Party (Partido Nacional Renovador) since 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + [ + "The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generations. Zachariah placed Mary on the third step of the altar, whereby God gave her grace. While in the temple, Mary was miraculously fed by an angel, until she was twelve years old. At that point an angel told Zachariah to betroth Mary to a widower in Israel, who would be indicated. This story provides the theme of many hymns for the Feast of Presentation of Mary, and icons of the feast depict the story. The Orthodox believe that Mary was instrumental in the growth of Christianity during the life of Jesus, and after his Crucifixion, and Orthodox Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote: \"The Virgin Mary is the center, invisible, but real, of the Apostolic Church.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Manuel da Nóbrega", + [ + "Manuel da Nóbrega (old spelling \"Manoel da Nóbrega\") (18 October 1517 – 18 October 1570) was a Portuguese Jesuit priest and first Provincial of the Society of Jesus in colonial Brazil. Together with José de Anchieta, he was very influential in the early history of Brazil and participated in the founding of several cities, such as Recife, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, as well as many Jesuit colleges and seminaries." + ] + ], + [ + "Rodovia dos Imigrantes", + [ + "Rodovia dos Imigrantes (official designation SP‑160) is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The highway connects the city of São Paulo to the Atlantic coast and with the seaside cities of São Vicente and Praia Grande. It follows the route of Rodovia Anchieta and is also one of Brazil's busiest highways, especially on weekends." + ] + ], + [ + "São Bento do Norte", + [ + "São Bento do Norte is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil." + ] + ], + [ + "São Pedro de Alva e São Paio do Mondego", + [ + "São Pedro de Alva e São Paio do Mondego is a civil parish in the municipality of Penacova, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Pedro de Alva and São Paio do Mondego. The population in 2011 was 1,818, in an area of 37.94 km²." + ] + ], + [ + "SP-83", + [ + "The SP-83 is a highway in the southeastern part of the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The highway is known as the Rodovia Anel Viário José Roberto Magalhães Teixeira in its entire length." + ] + ], + [ + "Estádio do Arruda", + [ + "Estádio José do Rego Maciel, also known as Estádio do Arruda, is a multi-purpose stadium in Recife, Brazil. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium was built in 1972 and is able to hold 60,044 spectators. Estádio do Arruda is owned by Santa Cruz Futebol Clube. The stadium is named after José do Rego Maciel, who was Recife's mayor between 1952 and 1955." + ] + ], + [ + "São José dos Quatro Marcos", + [ + "São José dos Quatro Marcos is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil." + ] + ], + [ + "Nova Aliança", + [ + "Nova Aliança is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 6,555 (2015 est.) in an area of 217.5 km². Nova Aliança belongs to the Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto." + ] + ], + [ + "Si mis campos hablaran", + [ + "Si mis campos hablaran is a 1947 Chilean film directed by José Bohr and starring Chela Bon. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Central do Brasil", + [ + "Central do Brasil () is a major train station in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. It is the last stop of Rio's railway network, as well as a hub for connection with the city subway and a bus station. Central do Brasil was also a preeminent stop in the interstate Central do Brasil railroad, which did link Rio de Janeiro with São Paulo and Minas Gerais, though the railroad is now deactivated. The station is located in downtown Rio de Janeiro, along the Avenida Presidente Vargas and across from the Campo de Santana park." + ] + ], + [ + "UDRA", + [ + "UDRA (União Desportiva Rei Amador) is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the southern part of the island of São Tomé in the city of São João dos Angolares and plays at Campo de Ribeira Peixe nearby. The club is named after Rei Amador, a slave king in Angolares mythology." + ] + ], + [ + "Ipiguá", + [ + "Ipiguá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 5,022 (2015 est.) in an area of 136 km². Ipiguá is located 20 km from São José do Rio Preto. The municipality belongs to the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto." + ] + ], + [ + "2015 Brazilian Grand Prix", + [ + "The 2015 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally known as the Formula 1 Grande Prêmio Petrobras do Brasil 2015) was a Formula One motor race held at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in São Paulo, Brazil on 15 November 2015. It was the eighteenth race of the 2015 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marked the 44th running of the Brazilian Grand Prix as a round of the World Championship since its inception in ." + ] + ], + [ + "Juca de Oliveira", + [ + "Juca de Oliveira (born José de Oliveira Santos; March 16, 1935 in Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian actor." + ] + ], + [ + "2002 Brazilian Grand Prix", + [ + "The 2002 Brazilian Grand Prix (formally the XXXI Grande Prêmio Marlboro do Brasil) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 March 2002 at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo, Brazil. It was the third round of the 2002 Formula One season and the thirty-first Brazilian Grand Prix. The 71-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from the second position. Ralf Schumacher finished second for the Williams team with David Coulthard third in a McLaren." + ] + ], + [ + "São José do Mantimento", + [ + "São José do Mantimento is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Zona da Mata and to the microregion of Manhuaçu." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + [ + "According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the Tabernacle as recorded in the Old Testament. Some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to Joseph, Mary was 12–14 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable." + ] + ], + [ + "São José dos Campos", + [ + "São José dos Campos (, meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. One of the leading industrial and research centers with emphasis in aerospace sciences in Latin America, the city is located in the Paraíba Valley, between the two most active production and consumption regions in the country, São Paulo ( from the city) and Rio de Janeiro (). It is the main city of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. A native of São José dos Campos is called a \"joseense\" ()." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__685280_510757", + "question": "The Unwinding author volunteered for which organisation?", + "answer": "Peace Corps", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Village of Waiting", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Unwinding", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ragnar Søegaard", + [ + "Ragnar Søegaard is chairman of Ruter, the public transport authority for Oslo and Akershus, Norway. Together with Søegaard, the Ruter council consist of 7 council members." + ] + ], + [ + "Nikola Radonja", + [ + "Nikola Radonja () or Nikola Radonja Branković or Gerasim or Roman, (c. 1330–1399) was a 14th-century Serbian nobleman and chronicler, a member of the Branković dynasty as the eldest son of Branko Mladenović. He is remembered as the author of \"Gerasim's Chronicle.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "F. A. Forbes", + [ + "F. A. Forbes (16 March 1869 – 1936) was the \"nom de plume\" of Mother Frances Alice Monica Forbes, RSCJ, a member of the Society of the Sacred Heart from Scotland and a religious author." + ] + ], + [ + "Jean Terrasson", + [ + "Jean Terrasson (31 January 1670 – 15 September 1750), often referred to as the Abbé Terrasson, was a French priest, author and member of the Académie française. The erudite Antoine Terrasson was his nephew." + ] + ], + [ + "Biplab Dasgupta", + [ + "Biplab Dasgupta (1938 – 17 July 2005) was a Marxian economist, former member of Rajya Sabha and the Bengal state committee of the CPI(M). He was the author of several books on the agrarian economy of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Margaret H. George", + [ + "Margaret ('Peg') Hewitt George (born 1928) is an American author and former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives." + ] + ], + [ + "Jean-Michel Boucheron (Charente politician)", + [ + "Jean-Michel Boucheron (born December 15, 1946 in Angoulême, Charente) is a French politician, formerly a member of the National Assembly of France (1978-1988 mayor of Angoulême and briefly Secretary of State for Local Authorities. He represented a portion of the Charente department in the Assembly, and is a member of the Socialist Party." + ] + ], + [ + "Cork (city)", + [ + "While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members are affiliated to the following political parties: Fine Gael (5 members), Fianna Fáil (10 members), Sinn Féin (8 members), Anti-Austerity Alliance (3 members), Workers' Party (1 member), Independents (4 members). Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the South-West Regional Authority. A new Lord Mayor of Cork is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a D'Hondt system count." + ] + ], + [ + "François Ponsard", + [ + "François Ponsard (1 June 1814 – 7 July 1867), was a French dramatist, poet and author and was a member of the Académie française." + ] + ], + [ + "Hector Bianciotti", + [ + "Hector Bianciotti (; 18 March 1930 – 12 June 2012) was an Argentine-born French author and member of the Académie française." + ] + ], + [ + "European Central Bank", + [ + "The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board) four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors. If the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank (NCB), the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB. In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure." + ] + ], + [ + "The Village of Waiting", + [ + "After serving with the Peace Corps in Togo in 1982–1983, George Packer wrote The Village of Waiting about his experiences there. The book chronicles Packer's time as an English teacher in the small village of Lavie (meaning \"wait a little longer\"), as well as his visits to the capital Lomé and several other African countries. Packer mixes anecdotes about the people he met in Togo with political observations (notably harsh criticisms of Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadema) and many of the lessons he learned while serving. In an afterword to the most recent (2001) edition, Packer follows up with many of the characters from the original version and reflects upon the changes Togo has experienced since his time there. Packer was an early termination from the Peace Corps, leaving Togo six months prior to the end of his contracted period of service. He chose not to mention this in the book." + ] + ], + [ + "The Unwinding", + [ + "The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America is a 2013 non-fiction book by the American journalist George Packer. The book uses biographies of individual Americans as a means of discussing important forces in American history from 1978 to 2012, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the decline of American manufacturing, and the influence of money on politics. \"The Unwinding\" includes lengthy profiles of five subjects: a Youngstown, Ohio factory worker turned community organizer, a biodiesel entrepreneur from North Carolina, a Washington lobbyist and Congressional staffer, the Silicon Valley entrepreneur Peter Thiel, and people involved in the distressed housing market in Tampa, Florida. Interspersed with these longer accounts are ten briefer biographical sketches of famous Americans such as the rapper Jay-Z, the politician Newt Gingrich, and the restaurateur and food activist Alice Waters." + ] + ], + [ + "Barry Onouye", + [ + "Barry Onouye is a structural engineer, emeritus faculty member in the Department of Architecture at the University of Washington, and author of multiple textbooks on structural engineering and design." + ] + ], + [ + "Susan Evans McCloud", + [ + "Susan Evans McCloud (born July 28, 1945) is an American novelist, author, poet, hymnwriter, and member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)." + ] + ], + [ + "PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay", + [ + "The PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel Award for the Art of the Essay is awarded by the PEN American Center to an author for a book of original collected essays. The award was founded by PEN Member and author Barbaralee Diamonstein and Carl Spielvogel, former \"New York Times\" columnist, \"to preserve the dignity and esteem that the essay form imparts to literature.\" The winner receives a cash award of $10,000." + ] + ], + [ + "Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan", + [ + "Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan was established by Kazakh members of the Committee for a Workers International in 2002, during a conference held in neighbouring Russia. From its inception it came under attack by authorities, with one member detained en route to the conference establishing the organisation, and others reporting being attacked as they gathered for the conference." + ] + ], + [ + "Claude Aveline", + [ + "Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine (19 July 1901 – 4 November 1992), was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career. He was known as a versatile author, writing novels, poems, screenplays, plays, articles, sayings, and more." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin." + ] + ], + [ + "Scott Petri", + [ + "Scott Petri (born 1960) was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the 178th Legislative District. He was the Chairman of House Urban Affairs and the House Ethics Committee. He also served as a member of the Liquor Control Committees. Petri currently serves as executive director of the Philadelphia Parking Authority." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__329591_91104", + "question": "What is the experimental satellite being forerunner to communication satellite of INSAT-4CR's manufacturer called?", + "answer": "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6)", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "ATS-6", + 0 + ], + [ + "INSAT-4CR", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Optus", + [ + "Optus can trace its beginnings back to the formation of the Government-owned AUSSAT Pty Limited in 1981. In 1982, Aussat selected the Hughes 376 for their initial satellites, with the first, AUSSAT A1, launched in August 1985. AUSSAT satellites were used for both military and civilian satellite communications, and delivering television services to remote outback communities." + ] + ], + [ + "NOAA-4", + [ + "NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978." + ] + ], + [ + "ATS-6", + [ + "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS - 6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3 - axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications satellite", + [ + "The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The fixed Public Switched Telephone Network relays telephone calls from land line telephones to an earth station, where they are then transmitted to a geostationary satellite. The downlink follows an analogous path. Improvements in submarine communications cables through the use of fiber-optics caused some decline in the use of satellites for fixed telephony in the late 20th century." + ] + ], + [ + "TDRS-6", + [ + "TDRS-6, known before launch as TDRS-F, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW, and is based on a custom satellite bus which was used for all seven first generation TDRS satellites." + ] + ], + [ + "INSAT-4CR", + [ + "INSAT-4CR is a communications satellite operated by ISRO as part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in September 2007, it replaced the INSAT-4C satellite which had been lost in a launch failure the previous year. The satellite is stationed in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 74 degrees east, and is expected to operate for ten years, however this may have been reduced by the underperformance of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle which placed it into orbit. INSAT-4CR is planned to be replaced by GSAT-31, which was launched on February 6, 2019." + ] + ], + [ + "Lockheed Martin A2100", + [ + "The A2100 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in the 1990s-2010s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit, as well as GOES-R weather satellites and GPS Block IIIA satellites." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications in Somalia", + [ + "As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operators and content providers, and international voice gateway services for global carriers. It also offered inexpensive bandwidth through its internet backbone, whereas bandwidth ordinarily cost customers from $2,500 to $3,000 per month through the major international bandwidth providers. The main clients of these local satellite services were internet cafes, money transfer firms and other companies, as well as international community representatives. In total, there were over 300 local satellite terminals available aross the nation, which were linked to teleports in Europe and Asia. Demand for the satellite services gradually began to fall as broadband wireless access rose. However, it increased in rural areas, as the main client base for the satellite services extended their operations into more remote locales." + ] + ], + [ + "BeiDou", + [ + "Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees." + ] + ], + [ + "BeiDou", + [ + "BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each." + ] + ], + [ + "BeiDou", + [ + "In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC)." + ] + ], + [ + "SICRAL 1B", + [ + "SICRAL 1B is a military communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space for Italian Armed Forces. It is a dual-use spacecraft: Telespazio will use some of the satellite's transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF/Ka band, three UHF-band and five active SHF-band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Hans K. Ziegler", + [ + "Hans K. Ziegler (March 1, 1911, Munich, Germany – December 11, 1999 Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, United States) was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy." + ] + ], + [ + "General Satellite", + [ + "Tricolor TV is the Russia’s largest satellite TV, and most quickly growing satellite TV in the world. As for beginning of August 2010, over 6.5 millions of families were among its subscribers, i.e. around 80% from the total number of Russian digital TV users. Tricolor TV subscribers are connected and served based on CMW developed by General Satellite. General Satellite Corporation is developer and producer of set-top boxes for this project as well." + ] + ], + [ + "BeiDou", + [ + "The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003." + ] + ], + [ + "FedSat", + [ + "FedSat (Australia's 'Federation Satellite') is an Australian scientific research satellite launched from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan by a NASDA H-IIA launch vehicle in December 2002 (NASDA is now merged with JAXA). The satellite was developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite Systems, a cooperative made up of several universities, commercial organisations and government bodies. The ground station is at the Institute for Telecommunications Research, part of the University of South Australia, near Adelaide. Since 2005 it was operated by the Australian Department of Defence." + ] + ], + [ + "DirecTV", + [ + "Hughes attempted to create a joint venture with NBC, News Corp., and Cablevision in 1990, to launch the first high-power digital television service called Sky Cable. Failing to do so, the company instead created DirecTV as a separate division and secured an agreement with USSB to build and launch the first high-power direct-broadcast satellite system. DirecTV's name is a portmanteau of \"direct\" and \"TV\" (as in direct broadcast satellite television). Hughes/DirecTV then turned to Thomson Consumer Electronics (under the RCA, GE, and ProScan brands) to develop the digital satellite system for the service that would be capable of receiving 175 channels on a small 18-inch dish. These dishes utilized a new generation of smaller, lighter receiver dishes based on military technology introduced by the Global Broadcast System, which predated DirecTV's viability by almost ten years. Hughes was awarded the contract to build and launch the new high-powered satellites, and USSB and DirecTV agreed that the new satellites would carry the two separate programming services: USSB and DirecTV." + ] + ], + [ + "INSAT-4B", + [ + "Arianespace was contracted to launch INSAT - 4B using an Ariane 5 ECA carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 11 March 2007 at 22: 03 UTC, from ELA - 3 at Kourou. The Skynet 5A military communications satellite for the British Ministry of Defence was launched aboard the same rocket." + ] + ], + [ + "Natural satellite", + [ + "Because of this shift in meaning, the term moon, which had continued to be used in a generic sense in works of popular science and in fiction, has regained respectability and is now used interchangeably with natural satellite, even in scientific articles. When it is necessary to avoid both the ambiguity of confusion with Earth's natural satellite the Moon and the natural satellites of the other planets on the one hand, and artificial satellites on the other, the term natural satellite (using ``natural ''in a sense opposed to`` artificial'') is used. To further avoid ambiguity, the convention is to capitalize the word Moon when referring to Earth's natural satellite, but not when referring to other natural satellites." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__6827_75783", + "question": "When was countrywide bought by the company that bought FleetBoston Financial?", + "answer": "July 1, 2008", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Bank of America Home Loans", + 0 + ], + [ + "Boston", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Horse That Bud Bought", + [ + "The Horse That Bud Bought is the fourth studio album from heavy metal band Galactic Cowboys. The album title comes from the lyrics to the song \"Oregon\". The song is derived from real life events where bassist Monty Colvin and his family (mother and father) sold all of their worldly goods and joined a cult that lived in a commune up in the mountains of Oregon. The cult leader was upset that Monty's father had bought him a horse and told him he had to give it to the whole \"family\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Bank of America Home Loans", + [ + "On January 11, 2008, Bank of America announced that it planned to purchase Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion in stock. On June 5, 2008, Bank of America Corporation announced it had received approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to purchase Countrywide Financial Corporation. Then, on June 25, 2008, Countrywide announced it had received the approval of 69% of its shareholders to the planned merger with Bank of America. On July 1, 2008, Bank of America Corporation completed its purchase of Countrywide Financial Corporation. In 1997, Countrywide had spun off Countrywide Mortgage Investment as an independent company called IndyMac Bank. Federal regulators seized IndyMac on July 11, 2008, after a week - long bank run." + ] + ], + [ + "Litton Industries", + [ + "Litton Industries was a large defense contractor in the United States named after inventor Charles Litton, Sr., bought by the Northrop Grumman Corporation in 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "Khwaja Abdul Ghani", + [ + "Khwaja Abdul Ghani was the second son of Khwaja Alimullah, who consolidated the Khwaja family estate to become the first Nawab of the family. He inherited the estate from his father, which included the French \"kuthi\" at Kumartuli bought by Alimullah in 1830, the Shahbag garden bought by Alimullah from Griffith Cook, a British Justice in 1840. His mother was Zinat Begum. Alimullah had 8 other wives and 15 other children." + ] + ], + [ + "Ariyana Gostar Kish F.C.", + [ + "They competed in the 2010–11 Iran Football's 2nd Division. In 2011, the license of the club in 2nd Division League was bought by Badr Hormozgan." + ] + ], + [ + "Jofa", + [ + "Jofa was a subsidiary of Volvo 1973-1985 and in 1989 the company was bought by Karhu Canada Inc. Since 2004, Jofa is a part of Reebok." + ] + ], + [ + "Bank of America Home Loans", + [ + "Bank of America Home Loans is the mortgage unit of Bank of America. In 2008, Bank of America purchased the failing Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion. In 2006, Countrywide financed 20% of all mortgages in the United States, at a value of about 3.5% of United States GDP, a proportion greater than any other single mortgage lender." + ] + ], + [ + "Tantalizingly Hot", + [ + "Tantalizingly Hot is the sixth album by American recording artist Stephanie Mills, released in 1982 and was produced by James Mtume & Reggie Lucas and Ashford & Simpson. It was her first release, by default, on Casablanca Records. In 1981, oil magnate and industrialist Marvin Davis (1925–2004) and financier Marc Rich (1934–2013) bought Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, which owned her previous label, 20th Century-Fox Records, for a grand total of $703 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Live in the UK 2008", + [ + "Live in the UK 2008 is a live album by American rock band Paramore. The album is limited edition, with only a small number released featuring 3 live performances in Manchester, Brixton and Birmingham. It is believed that only 1000 copies of this release were made. Originally, there was going to be an option at each of the concerts to choose which live album could be bought. This was changed to only the Manchester live album being available at each of the dates. Brixton and Birmingham live albums had to be bought by February 5." + ] + ], + [ + "Wilton Candy Kitchen", + [ + "Wilton Candy Kitchen is a combination ice cream parlor, soda fountain and confectionery store located in Wilton, Iowa, United States. The two-story wood frame building has a gable roof that is obstructed on the main facade by a false front. It retains its interior from 1922. The shop was founded in 1867, and it is considered to be the oldest continuing business of its type in the United States. The business was bought by Gus Nopoulos, a Greek immigrant who worked in his uncle's candy store in Davenport, Iowa before he bought this store in 1910 with Nick Parros. The building already contained the candy making equipment, a soda fountain, and other furnishings. In 1913 Nopoulos bought the building and bought out his partner. The tin ceiling was installed in 1915. He acquired the interior furnishings from the Elite Confectionery in Davenport and had them installed here in 1922. Gus Nopoulos continued to be involved with the shop until his death in 1983. His son George and daughter-in-law Thelma were also involved in the operation of the business." + ] + ], + [ + "Bank of America", + [ + "In 2004, Bank of America announced it would purchase Boston - based bank FleetBoston Financial for $47 billion in cash and stock. By merging with Bank of America, all of its banks and branches were given the Bank of America logo. At the time of merger, FleetBoston was the seventh largest bank in United States with $197 billion in assets, over 20 million customers and revenue of $12 billion. Hundreds of FleetBoston workers lost their jobs or were demoted, according to The Boston Globe." + ] + ], + [ + "Wences Casares", + [ + "Casares was the founder and CEO of Lemon Wallet, a digital wallet platform. In 2013 the American firm LifeLock bought Lemon for about $43 million (US)." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston", + [ + "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities." + ] + ], + [ + "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company", + [ + "Blackstone Real Estate Acquisitions of New York bought The Ritz - Carlton Boston at auction for $75 million in February 1998. A month later, Marriott International of Bethesda, Maryland, acquired the hotel from Blackstone for $100 million. Marriott, which franchises and manages Marriott's 325,000 rooms, then bought The Ritz - Carlton Hotel Co. and rights to The Ritz - Carlton name worldwide from W.B. Johnson for $290 million in a two - part transaction completed in 1998." + ] + ], + [ + "Tanzania", + [ + "Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for \"unfair business practices\" and \"false advertising\" was making high cost mortgages \"to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments\". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender." + ] + ], + [ + "PizzaExpress", + [ + "PizzaExpress was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1993 with franchises opening across the UK. UK franchises were then bought back en masse in 1996. TDR Capital and Capricorn Associates then bought the company in 2003 turning it private again. In 2005, PizzaExpress floated on the London Stock Exchange, as part of the Gondola Holdings PLC. It was then bought by private equity group Cinven as the Gondola Group in 2007. On 12 July 2014 it was announced that Chinese group Hony Capital had bought PizzaExpress for £900m." + ] + ], + [ + "Hotel Dajti", + [ + "Hotel Dajti was bought for 30 million euro by the Bank of Albania and is not currently functioning as a hotel." + ] + ], + [ + "Cinematronics", + [ + "About 1987, Cinematronics was acquired by Tradewest and renamed the Leland Corporation and continued to make arcade and PC game software. Tradewest was bought out by WMS in 1994 to become their console division." + ] + ], + [ + "Kennedy Compound", + [ + "Ted Kennedy also bought President Kennedy's house from his daughter, Caroline Kennedy. This house now belongs to Ted Kennedy Jr." + ] + ], + [ + "Unavoidable Girl", + [ + "Cô nàng bất đắc dĩ (Unavoidable Girl) is a Vietnamese television series, shown first on VTV3 channel. This movie bought the rights from the film adaptation of Argentina - \"Lalola\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__46862_68042", + "question": "When did the political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after the Civil War, gain control of the House?", + "answer": "the 2010 election", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + 0 + ], + [ + "Reconstruction era", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, \"Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China.\" It also states that the Ming dynasty \"inherited the right to rule Tibet\" from the Yuan dynasty, and repeats the claims in the Mingshi about the Ming establishing two itinerant high commands over Tibet. China Daily states that the Ming handled Tibet's civil administration, appointed all leading officials of these administrative organs, and punished Tibetans who broke the law. The party-controlled People's Daily, the state-controlled Xinhua News Agency, and the state-controlled national television network China Central Television posted the same article that China Daily had, the only difference being their headlines and some additional text." + ] + ], + [ + "2002 United States House of Representatives elections", + [ + "The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cas Mudde", + [ + "Cas Mudde (born 3 June 1967) is a Dutch political scientist who focuses on political extremism and populism in Europe and the United States. His research includes the areas of political parties, extremism, democracy, civil society and European politics." + ] + ], + [ + "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution", + [ + "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War." + ] + ], + [ + "Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The Party Control Committee oversaw the party discipline of the Party members and candidate Party members in terms of their observance of the programme and regulations of the Party, state discipline and Party ethics. It administered punishments, including expulsions from the Party. The Party Control Committee also considered the appeals of Party members punished by their local Party organizations." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Nájera", + [ + "The Battle of Nájera, also known as the Battle of Navarrete, was fought on 3 April 1367 near Nájera, in the province of La Rioja, Castile. It was an episode of the first Castilian Civil War which confronted King Peter of Castile with his half-brother Count Henry of Trastámara who aspired to the throne; the war involved Castile in the Hundred Years' War. Castilian naval power, far superior to that of France or England, encouraged the two polities to take sides in the civil war, to gain control over the Castilian fleet." + ] + ], + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + [ + "Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Marijuana Party", + [ + "The United States Marijuana Party (officially the U.S. Marijuana Party™) is a cannabis political party in the United States founded in 2002 by Loretta Nall specifically to end the war on drugs and to legalize cannabis. Their policies also include other socially libertarian positions. The party is active in Vermont, has local chapters in several other states, and is affiliated with international cannabis political parties." + ] + ], + [ + "Zebulon Baird Vance", + [ + "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North." + ] + ], + [ + "Kansas–Nebraska Act", + [ + "The Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South." + ] + ], + [ + "Reconstruction era", + [ + "Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson both took moderate positions designed to bring the South back into the union as quickly as possible, while Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans, including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, while curtailing the rights of former Confederates, such as through the provisions of the Wade -- Davis Bill. Johnson followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates. Lincoln's last speeches show that he was leaning toward supporting the enfranchisement of all freedmen, whereas Johnson was opposed to this." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the Kuomintang", + [ + "The Kuomintang (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Initials: KMT or GMD) is a Chinese political party that ruled China 1927 -- 48 and then moved to Taiwan. The name translates as ``China's National People's Party ''and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The Party was initially founded on August 25, 1912, by Sun Yat - sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10th 1919, again led by Sun Yat - sen, and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death, the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai - shek. Though the KMT lost the civil war with the Communist Party of China in 1949, the party took control of Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan." + ] + ], + [ + "North Carolina", + [ + "In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP." + ] + ], + [ + "Majority leader", + [ + "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen." + ] + ], + [ + "Springfield Model 1861", + [ + "The Springfield Model 1861 was a Minié-type rifled musket shoulder-arm used by the United States Army and Marine Corps during the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as the \"Springfield\" (after its original place of production, Springfield, Massachusetts), it was the most widely used U.S. Army weapon during the Civil War, favored for its range, accuracy, and reliability." + ] + ], + [ + "James Buchanan", + [ + "James Buchanan Jr. (/ bjuːˈkænən /; April 23, 1791 -- June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857 -- 61), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. Historians fault him for his failure to address the issue of slavery, bringing the nation to the brink of the Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of State and had served in the Senate and House of Representatives before becoming president." + ] + ], + [ + "Democratic Party of Oregon", + [ + "The Democratic Party of Oregon, based in Portland, is the official Oregon affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. It is recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party, along with the Oregon Republican Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. After Oregon was admitted into the Union in 1859, the Democratic party controlled the state. Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections for governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and congressmen. The party holds 38 members in the State House that has 60 representatives total, and 18 members in the State Senate, out of 30 delegates total. The party also holds the Governor's office (Kate Brown), Attorney General (Ellen Rosenblum), Labor Commissioner (Val Hoyle), and State Treasurer (Tobias Read). The Democrats also have both U.S senate positions in their state and send four of the five U.S House representatives from Oregon to D.C." + ] + ], + [ + "History of United States prison systems", + [ + "Imprisonment as a form of criminal punishment only became widespread in the United States just before the American Revolution, though penal incarceration efforts had been ongoing in England since as early as the 1500s, and prisons in the form of dungeons and various detention facilities had existed since long before then. Prison building efforts in the United States came in three major waves. The first began during the Jacksonian Era and led to widespread use of imprisonment and rehabilitative labor as the primary penalty for most crimes in nearly all states by the time of the American Civil War. The second began after the Civil War and gained momentum during the Progressive Era, bringing a number of new mechanisms -- such as parole, probation, and indeterminate sentencing -- into the mainstream of American penal practice. Finally, since the early 1970s, the United States has engaged in a historically unprecedented expansion of its imprisonment systems at both the federal and state level. Since 1973, the number of incarcerated persons in the United States has increased five-fold, and in a given year 7,000,000 people were under the supervision or control of correctional services in the United States. These periods of prison construction and reform produced major changes in the structure of prison systems and their missions, the responsibilities of federal and state agencies for administering and supervising them, as well as the legal and political status of prisoners themselves." + ] + ], + [ + "First Party System", + [ + "The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic - Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the ``Republican Party. ''The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800." + ] + ], + [ + "First Indochina War", + [ + "Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__554145_88622", + "question": "Who is the head of the main subject of NSA in popular culture?", + "answer": "ADM Michael S. Rogers", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "National Security Agency in popular culture", + 0 + ], + [ + "Director of the National Security Agency", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Šešuvis", + [ + "The Šešuvis is a river in western Lithuania and the main tributary of the Jūra River. Šešuvis begins northwest of Raseiniai and flows mostly in the southwest direction. Its main tributaries are the Ančia, Šaltuona, Agluona, Žalpė, and Įkojis rivers. There are almost no lakes in Šešuvis' basin therefore its water level is subject to great seasonal fluctuations." + ] + ], + [ + "Vsauce", + [ + "Vsauce () is a YouTube channel brand created by Internet celebrity Michael Stevens. The channels feature videos on scientific, psychological, mathematical, and philosophical topics, as well as gaming, technology, popular culture, and other general interest subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "National Security Agency in popular culture", + [ + "The National Security Agency (NSA), the main signals intelligence organization of the United States, has been featured in numerous works of spy fiction over the past decades, with its depictions augmenting along with the growing public awareness of this highly-secretive organization. NSA's mystique makes it a popular candidate for the role of a powerful antagonist and the agency has been portrayed performing tasks that are illegal." + ] + ], + [ + "Director of the National Security Agency", + [ + "# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump" + ] + ], + [ + "Melvyn Bragg on Class and Culture", + [ + "Melvyn Bragg on Class and Culture is a British documentary series about class and popular culture in the United Kingdom from 1911–2011. It is presented by Melvyn Bragg and was shown on BBC Two in 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Borislava Kireva", + [ + "Borislava Kireva (Bulgarian: Борислава Кирева) (born 7 January 1989) is a Bulgarian football midfielder currently playing for FC NSA Sofia." + ] + ], + [ + "Japanorama", + [ + "Japanorama is a series of documentaries presented by Jonathan Ross, exploring various facets of popular culture and trends of modern-day Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "Sport in Ecuador", + [ + "Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Futbol the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis." + ] + ], + [ + "Martin Winckler", + [ + "Martin Winckler (born Marc Zaffran; 22 February 1955, in French Algeria) is a French M.D. and short story, novel and essay writer. His main subjects are the French medical system, the healing relationship and contraception; he also wrote critical papers and books about TV serials (he is one of the first specialists of this subject in France)." + ] + ], + [ + "Social Text", + [ + "Social Text is an academic journal published by Duke University Press. Since its inception by an independent editorial collective in 1979, \"Social Text\" has addressed a wide range of social and cultural phenomena, covering questions of gender, sexuality, race, and the environment. Each issue covers subjects in the debates around feminism, Marxism, neoliberalism, postcolonialism, postmodernism, queer theory, and popular culture. The journal has since been run by different collectives over the years, mostly based at New York City universities. It has maintained an avowedly progressive political orientation and scholarship over these years, if also a less and less socialist or Marxist one. Since 1992, it is published by Duke University Press." + ] + ], + [ + "Turid Birkeland", + [ + "Turid Birkeland (5 November 1962 – 24 December 2015) was a Norwegian cultural executive and former politician for the Labour Party. She was Minister of Culture in 1996–97. She was an author and also worked in television, including being chief of cultural programming at NRK and a member of the board at Telenor. She also headed the Risør Chamber Music Festival, and was the director of Concerts Norway." + ] + ], + [ + "Zhdanov Doctrine", + [ + "The Zhdanov Doctrine (also called Zhdanovism or Zhdanovshchina; ) was a Soviet cultural doctrine developed by Central Committee secretary Andrei Zhdanov in 1946. It proposed that the world was divided into two camps: the \"imperialistic\", headed by the United States; and \"democratic\", headed by the Soviet Union. The main principle of the Zhdanov doctrine was often summarized by the phrase \"The only conflict that is possible in Soviet culture is the conflict between good and best\". Zhdanovism soon became a Soviet cultural policy, meaning that Soviet artists, writers and intelligentsia in general had to conform to the party line in their creative works. Under this policy, artists who failed to comply with the government's wishes risked persecution. The policy remained in effect until the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953." + ] + ], + [ + "Professional wrestling", + [ + "With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism. Many courses, theses, essays, and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's conventions, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theatre, sociology, performance, and media. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a course of study on the cultural significance of professional wrestling, and anthropologist Heather Levi has written an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre in Mexico." + ] + ], + [ + "Data Encryption Standard", + [ + "Another member of the DES team, Walter Tuchman, stated \"We developed the DES algorithm entirely within IBM using IBMers. The NSA did not dictate a single wire!\"" + ] + ], + [ + "The Boyhood of Raleigh", + [ + "The Boyhood of Raleigh is a painting by John Everett Millais, which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1871. It came to epitomise the culture of heroic imperialism in late Victorian Britain and in British popular culture up to the mid-twentieth century ." + ] + ], + [ + "List of extreme points of the United States", + [ + "West Quoddy Head, Maine 44 ° 48 ′ 55.4 ''N 66 ° 56 ′ 59.2'' W  /  44.815389 ° N 66.949778 ° W  / 44.815389; - 66.949778  (West Quoddy Head) -- easternmost point on the U.S. mainland" + ] + ], + [ + "Diamond Head Theatre", + [ + "The Diamond Head Theatre is a cultural institution in the United States. Calling itself the \"Broadway of the Pacific\", it is located on the slopes of Diamond Head in Honolulu, Hawaii. Opened in 1915, it is Hawaii's oldest performing arts center." + ] + ], + [ + "Psychology of Popular Media Culture", + [ + "Psychology of Popular Media Culture is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. It was established in 2011 and covers research on \"how popular culture and general media influence individual, group, and system behavior.\" The founding editors were James C. Kaufman of University of Connecticut and Joanne Broder Sumerson. The current editor-in-chief is Sumerson." + ] + ], + [ + "Cultural Center of the Philippines", + [ + "The Cultural Center of the Philippines (Filipino: Sentrong Pangkultura ng Pilipinas, or CCP) is a government owned and controlled corporation established to preserve, develop and promote arts and culture in the Philippines. The CCP was established through Executive Order No. 30 s. 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos. Although an independent corporation of the Philippine government, it receives an annual subsidy and is placed under the National Commission for Culture and the Arts for purposes of policy coordination. The CCP is headed by an 11 - member Board of Trustees, currently headed by Chairperson Emily Abrera. Its current president is Arsenio Lizaso." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__847760_80026", + "question": "Who played Seether's performer in willy wonka and the chocolate factory?", + "answer": "Julie Dawn Cole", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + 0 + ], + [ + "Seether (song)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Chocolate Factory is the fifth solo album by American recording artist R. Kelly, released on February 18, 2003 by Jive Records. Recording sessions took place mainly at Rockland Studios and Chicago Recording Company in Chicago, Illinois, and the album was primarily written, arranged, and produced by R. Kelly. \"Chocolate Factory\" was conceived by Kelly amid controversy over his sex scandal at the time." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "Violet Beauregarde Charlie and the Chocolate Factory character First appearance Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Created by Roald Dahl Portrayed by Denise Nickerson (1971) AnnaSophia Robb (2005) Voiced by AnnaSophia Robb (2005 video game) Dallas Lovato (Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory) Information Gender Female Family Ginger Beauregarde (mother) Sam Beauregarde (father) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "Veruca Salt is a greedy, demanding, manipulative and stingy brat. She demands every single thing she wants (and more), the second person to find a Golden Ticket, the third eliminated from the tour. A selfish, rotten brat who shows her wealthy family no mercy and has absolutely no regard for other people's property, Veruca frequently pesters her parents to purchase a variety of different objects for her. In the 2005 film, it is revealed that she owns a pony, two dogs, four cats, six rabbits, two parakeets, three canaries, a parrot, a turtle, and a hamster, totalling up to 21 pets. But when she interferes with the trained squirrels used by Willy Wonka to select the best nuts to bake into chocolate bars, she is judged as a ``bad nut ''by the squirrels and discarded into the adjacent 'garbage chute' and her parents follow. All three are later seen leaving the factory`` covered in garbage''. Her nationality was never specified in Dahl's novel, but she hails from an upper - class family in the United Kingdom in both films." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "One day, Charlie sees a fifty - pence coin (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow. He then buys himself a Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket and shows it to his parents. The ticket says he can bring any family members with him to the factory and Charlie's parents decide to allow Grandpa Joe to go with him." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "The character was played by David Kelly in the 2005 film adaptation, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Veteran actor Gregory Peck was originally selected to play the role, but he died in 2003 before filming began. This version of the character is written as more calm than the 1971 version. An original backstory to Grandpa Joe's past was added to Tim Burton's film, wherein it is said that Joe worked for Wonka until the latter fired all his workers from his factory due to constant corporate espionage by rival confectionery manufacturers. When he returns to the factory with Charlie for the tour, Wonka asks if he was a spy working for a competing factory before he humbly welcomes him back." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (soundtrack)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Tim Burton's 2005 film of the same name. The film's music was composed by Danny Elfman who also provided vocals for the songs." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ ˈoʊstrəm /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy family film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Union Mill Complex", + [ + "The Union Mill Complex, (also Bischoff's Chocolate Factory), is located at the junction of Milton Avenue (NY 50) and Prospect Street in Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is a complex of three late 19th-century brick buildings on a 4-acre (1.6 ha) lot, and the ruins of a dam." + ] + ], + [ + "Roy Kinnear", + [ + "Roy Mitchell Kinnear (8 January 1934 -- 20 September 1988) was an English actor. He is known for his roles in films directed by Richard Lester; including Algernon in Help! (1965); Clapper in How I Won the War (1967); and Planchet in The Three Musketeers (1973), reprising the latter role in the 1974 and 1989 sequels. He is also known for playing Henry Salt in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Tim Burton Produced by Brad Grey Richard D. Zanuck Screenplay by John August Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Johnny Depp Freddie Highmore David Kelly Helena Bonham Carter Noah Taylor Missi Pyle James Fox Deep Roy Christopher Lee Narrated by Geoffrey Holder Music by Danny Elfman Cinematography Philippe Rousselot Edited by Chris Lebenzon Production companies The Zanuck Company Plan B Entertainment Village Roadshow Pictures Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Release date July 10, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 10) (Grauman's Chinese Theatre) July 15, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 15) (United States) July 29, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 29) (United Kingdom) Running time 115 minutes Country United States United Kingdom Language English Budget $150 million Box office $475 million" + ] + ], + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress who has been active for some 40 years. She began as a child performer in what remains her best - remembered film, 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing the spoiled Veruca Salt. She has two children." + ] + ], + [ + "Seether (song)", + [ + "\"Seether\" is a single by American alternative rock band Veruca Salt. It was backed with \"All Hail Me\". In 1994, the song was No. 3 in British Radio One DJ John Peel's \"Festive Fifty\". The song appeared in the film \"Young Adult\" and the TV shows \"Hindsight\" and \"Halt and Catch Fire\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work Dahl's screenplay against his wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Northwestern University", + [ + "The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and, along with four other contest winners, is led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and is along with four other contest winners, subsequently led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Shaun Morgan", + [ + "Shaun Morgan Welgemoed ((ˈveːl. χɐmut), born on December 21, 1978), known publicly as Shaun Morgan, is a South African musician, singer, songwriter and guitarist for the South African rock band Seether." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ ˈpiːtər ˈoʊstrəm /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Stuart Produced by Stan Margulies David L. Wolper Screenplay by Roald Dahl Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Gene Wilder Jack Albertson Peter Ostrum Roy Kinnear Julie Dawn Cole Leonard Stone Denise Nickerson Dodo Denney Paris Themmen Music by Leslie Bricusse Anthony Newley Walter Scharf Cinematography Arthur Ibbetson Edited by David Saxon Production company Wolper Pictures The Quaker Oats Company Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date June 30, 1971 (1971 - 06 - 30) (United States) Running time 99 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $3 million Box office $4 million" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__36497_73181_68042", + "question": "When did the party with a majority in the body the President calls on for support of his appointments to the USAF gain control of the House?", + "answer": "the 2010 election", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "United States Air Force", + 0 + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + 0 + ], + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Prime Minister of South Africa", + [ + "The position of Prime Minister was established in 1910, when the Union of South Africa was formed. He was appointed by the head of state -- the Governor - General until 1961 and the State President after South Africa became a republic in 1961. In practice, he was the leader of the majority party or coalition in the House of Assembly. The first Prime Minister was Louis Botha, a former Boer general and war hero during the Second Boer War. He was the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart." + ] + ], + [ + "Spoils system", + [ + "After the assassination of James A. Garfield by a rejected office - seeker in 1881, the calls for civil service reform intensified. Moderation of the spoils system at the federal level came with the passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883, which created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission to evaluate job candidates on a nonpartisan merit basis. While few jobs were covered under the law initially, the law allowed the President to transfer jobs and their current holders into the system, thus giving the holder a permanent job. The Pendleton Act's reach was expanded as the two main political parties alternated control of the White House every election between 1884 and 1896. After each election the outgoing President applied the Pendleton Act to jobs held by his political supporters. By 1900, most federal jobs were handled through civil service and the spoils system was limited only to very senior positions." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative—to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Air Force", + [ + "The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force." + ] + ], + [ + "Greece", + [ + "According to the Constitution, executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President's duties were curtailed to a significant extent, and they are now largely ceremonial; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister. The position of Prime Minister, Greece's head of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain a vote of confidence by the Parliament. The President of the Republic formally appoints the Prime Minister and, on his recommendation, appoints and dismisses the other members of the Cabinet." + ] + ], + [ + "Conservative Party (UK)", + [ + "The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre - right political party in the United Kingdom. It is currently the governing party, having been so since the 2010 general election, where a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats was formed. In 2015, the Conservatives led by David Cameron won a surprise majority and formed the first Conservative majority government since 1992. However, the 2017 snap election on Thursday 8 June resulted in a hung parliament, and the Conservatives lost their parliamentary majority. They are reliant on the support of a Northern Irish political party, the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), in order to command a majority in the House of Commons through a confidence - and - supply deal. The party leader, Theresa May, has served as both Leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister since 13 July 2016. It is the largest party in local government with 9,237 councillors. The Conservative Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United Kingdom, the other being its modern rival, the Labour Party. The Conservative Party's platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defence, deregulation, and restrictions on trade unions." + ] + ], + [ + "Political party", + [ + "The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a \"two-and-a-half party\") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament." + ] + ], + [ + "Prime Minister of Mauritius", + [ + "Prime Minister of Mauritius Coat of arms of Mauritius Flag of Mauritius Incumbent Pravind Jugnauth since 23 January 2017 Style The Honourable Residence Clarisse House (Official) Nominator The President who must appoint the MP supporting a clear majority in the National Assembly Appointer Ameenah Gurib Term length At The President's Pleasure serving as long as the office holder has a majority in the National Assembly Inaugural holder Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Formation 12 March 1968; 50 years ago (1968 - 03 - 12) Salary Rs 3.66 Million Website Prime Minister Office" + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate. The Constitution also calls for a President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate (the Vice President) is absent. In practice, neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore -- customarily the most senior (longest - serving) Senator in the majority party -- actually presides over the Senate on a daily basis; that task is given to junior Senators of the majority party. Since the Vice President may be of a different party than the majority and is not a member subject to discipline, the rules of procedure of the Senate give the presiding officer very little power and none beyond the presiding role. For these reasons, it is the Majority Leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives where the elected Speaker of the House has a great deal of discretionary power and generally presides over votes on bills." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Senate is currently composed of 51 Republicans, 47 Democrats, and 2 independents, both of whom caucus with the Democrats." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions during this period were Charles A. Halleck who became Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 1959 to 1965, Hale Boggs who died in a plane crash, and Dick Gephardt who became the Democrats' House leader but as Minority Leader since his party lost control in the 1994 midterm elections. Since 1995, the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner, though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections. He subsequently served as Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011 and then was elected Speaker when the House reconvened in 2011. In 1998, with Speaker Newt Gingrich announcing his resignation, both Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay did not contest the Speakership which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip Dennis Hastert." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues." + ] + ], + [ + "Minority governments in Canada", + [ + "In Canada's parliamentary system of responsible government, minority governments occur when no party has a majority of seats in the legislature. Typically, but not necessarily, the party with a plurality of seats forms the government. In a minority situation, governments must rely on the support of other parties to stay in power, providing less stability than a majority government. In Canada, political parties rarely form official coalition governments to form a majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Reformed Political Party", + [ + "The Reformed Political Party (, SGP) is an orthodox Calvinist political party in the Netherlands. The term \"Reformed\" is not a reference to political reform but is a synonym for Calvinism—a major branch of Protestantism. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands in its current form, and has for its entire existence been in opposition. The party has, owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, been called a testimonial party. Since the general election of 2017, it has held 3 of the 150 seats of the House of Representatives." + ] + ], + [ + "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Seal of the Speaker Flag of the Speaker Incumbent Paul Ryan since October 29, 2015 United States House of Representatives Style Mr. Speaker (Informal and within the House) The Honorable (Formal) Status Presiding officer Seat United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. Nominator Major parties (normally) Appointer The House sworn in by the Dean Term length At the House's pleasure Elected at the start of each session of Congress, and upon a vacancy Constituting instrument United States Constitution Formation March 4, 1789; 229 years ago (1789 - 03 - 04) First holder Frederick Muhlenberg April 1, 1789 Succession Second Deputy Speaker pro tempore Salary US $223,500 annually Website www.speaker.gov" + ] + ], + [ + "First Rutte cabinet", + [ + "The First Rutte cabinet, also called the Rutte–Verhagen cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The right-wing cabinet was a minority government in the House of Representatives but was supported by the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a majority. It was the first of three cabinets of Mark Rutte, the Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy as Prime Minister, with Maxime Verhagen the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal serving as Deputy Prime Minister." + ] + ], + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + [ + "Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry." + ] + ], + [ + "Dwight D. Eisenhower", + [ + "The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower \"never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill. There were exceptions, Leonard W. Hall, for example, who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success. However, these exceptions were not enough to right the balance.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Parliament", + [ + "In the United Kingdom, Parliament consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Monarch. The House of Commons is composed of 650 (soon to be 600) members who are directly elected by British citizens to represent single - member constituencies. The leader of a Party that wins more than half the seats, or less than half but is able to gain the support of smaller parties to achieve a majority in the house is invited by the Monarch to form a government. The House of Lords is a body of long - serving, unelected members: Lords Temporal - 92 of whom inherit their titles (and of whom 90 are elected internally by members of the House to lifetime seats), 588 of whom have been appointed to lifetime seats, and Lords Spiritual - 26 bishops, who are part of the house while they remain in office." + ] + ], + [ + "Marshall Islands", + [ + "Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__480375_709625_84283", + "question": "Who is the owner of the record label of the Please Remember Me performer?", + "answer": "Warner Music Group", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Please Remember Me", + 0 + ], + [ + "Warner Records", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ain't Living Long Like This", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Plenty, Plenty Soul", + [ + "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Bell", + [ + "Al Bell (born Alvertis Isbell, March 15, 1940) is an American record producer, songwriter, and record executive. He is best known as having been an executive and co-owner of Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee, during the latter half of the label's 19-year existence." + ] + ], + [ + "Aretha Franklin", + [ + "After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke to record pop music. Serving as her manager, C.L. agreed to the move and helped to produce a two - song demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records, who agreed to sign her in 1960. Franklin was signed as a ``five - percent artist ''. During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to have his label, RCA sign Franklin. He had also been courted by local record label owner Berry Gordy to sign Franklin and her elder sister Erma to his Tamla label. Franklin's father felt the label was not established enough yet. Franklin's first Columbia single,`` Today I Sing the Blues'', was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top ten of the Hot Rhythm & Blues Sellers chart." + ] + ], + [ + "It's What's Happenin'", + [ + "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\"." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lonely (British Sea Power song)", + [ + "\"The Lonely\" is a song by British Sea Power. The song was the group's third single and their second on Rough Trade. It was their first single to garner much press coverage and resulted in a pleasing chart position. Unusually, the nominal a-side actually features as the flipside on both versions. The main position is taken by \"The Spirit of St. Louis\", a tale of Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. This is still regularly performed live despite it only appearing on this release. The title track was written as a tribute to Geoff Goddard, a friend of the band who wrote the 1960s number-one single, \"Johnny Remember Me\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Larry Norman", + [ + "Larry David Norman (April 8, 1947 – February 24, 2008) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, record label owner, and record producer. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Christian rock music, and released more than 100 albums." + ] + ], + [ + "Please Remember Me", + [ + "\"Please Remember Me\" is a song co-written by American country music artists Rodney Crowell and Will Jennings. Originally recorded by Crowell for his 1995 album \"Jewel of the South\", his version was released as its lead (and only) single and peaked at number 69 on the \"Billboard\" country chart in early June." + ] + ], + [ + "Graeme Goodall", + [ + "Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music." + ] + ], + [ + "Groovin' with Golson", + [ + "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label." + ] + ], + [ + "Warner Records", + [ + "Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Please Please Me", + [ + "Please Please Me is the debut studio album by English rock band the Beatles. Parlophone rush - released the album on 22 March 1963 in the United Kingdom to capitalise on the success of their singles ``Please Please Me ''(No. 1 on most lists though only No. 2 on Record Retailer) and`` Love Me Do'' (No. 17)." + ] + ], + [ + "Three for Shepp", + [ + "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label." + ] + ], + [ + "Tijuana Jazz", + [ + "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541." + ] + ], + [ + "Time Remembered: John McLaughlin Plays Bill Evans", + [ + "Time Remembered: John McLaughlin Plays Bill Evans is an album by the John McLaughlin Trio. It was recorded in March 1993 and released on the Verve label in 1993. The album reached number 10 in the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Something Personal", + [ + "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "The Jazz Skyline", + [ + "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label." + ] + ], + [ + "Ain't Living Long Like This", + [ + "Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" and \"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, \"Ain't Living Long Like This\" is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it \"\"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer\"\". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible." + ] + ], + [ + "Jazz Contemporary", + [ + "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn." + ] + ], + [ + "The Main Attraction (album)", + [ + "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label." + ] + ], + [ + "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)", + [ + "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__167577_31122", + "question": "What century did the author of A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge live in?", + "answer": "18th", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge", + 0 + ], + [ + "Idealism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bernard Lens II", + [ + "Bernard Lens II was the son of Bernard Lens I, \"an obscure painter\" of Dutch origin. Bernard Lens I practiced enamel technique and also authored religious treatises." + ] + ], + [ + "Tabula rasa", + [ + "The modern idea of the theory, however, is attributed mostly to John Locke's expression of the idea in Essay Concerning Human Understanding (he uses the term ``white paper ''in Book II, Chap. I, 2). In Locke's philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a`` blank slate'' without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory experiences. The notion is central to Lockean empiricism; it serves as the starting point for Locke's subsequent explication (in Book II) of simple ideas and complex ideas. As understood by Locke, tabula rasa meant that the mind of the individual was born blank, and it also emphasized the freedom of individuals to author their own soul. Individuals are free to define the content of their character -- but basic identity as a member of the human species can not be altered. This presumption of a free, self - authored mind combined with an immutable human nature leads to the Lockean doctrine of ``natural ''rights. Locke's idea of tabula rasa is frequently compared with Thomas Hobbes's viewpoint of human nature, in which humans are endowed with inherent mental content -- particularly with selfishness." + ] + ], + [ + "Nicholas J. Belkin", + [ + "Nicholas J. Belkin is a professor at the School of Communication and Information at Rutgers University. Among the main themes of his research are digital libraries; information-seeking behaviors; and interaction between humans and information retrieval systems. Belkin is best known for his work on human-centered Information Retrieval and the hypothesis of Anomalous State of Knowledge (ASK). Belkin realized that in many cases, users of search systems are unable to precisely formulate what they need. They miss some vital knowledge to formulate their queries. In such cases it is more suitable to attempt to describe a user's anomalous state of knowledge than to ask the user to specify her/his need as a request to the system." + ] + ], + [ + "Antarctica", + [ + "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole)." + ] + ], + [ + "Karl Popper", + [ + "Knowledge, for Popper, was objective, both in the sense that it is objectively true (or truthlike), and also in the sense that knowledge has an ontological status (i.e., knowledge as object) independent of the knowing subject (Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach, 1972). He proposed three worlds: World One, being the physical world, or physical states; World Two, being the world of mind, or mental states, ideas, and perceptions; and World Three, being the body of human knowledge expressed in its manifold forms, or the products of the second world made manifest in the materials of the first world (i.e., books, papers, paintings, symphonies, and all the products of the human mind). World Three, he argued, was the product of individual human beings in exactly the same sense that an animal path is the product of individual animals, and that, as such, has an existence and evolution independent of any individual knowing subjects. The influence of World Three, in his view, on the individual human mind (World Two) is at least as strong as the influence of World One. In other words, the knowledge held by a given individual mind owes at least as much to the total accumulated wealth of human knowledge, made manifest, as to the world of direct experience. As such, the growth of human knowledge could be said to be a function of the independent evolution of World Three. Many contemporary philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett, have not embraced Popper's Three World conjecture, due mostly, it seems, to its resemblance to mind-body dualism." + ] + ], + [ + "European Union law", + [ + "The principles of European Union law are rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice that constitute unwritten rules which are not expressly provided for in the treaties but which affect how European Union law is interpreted and applies. In formulating these principles, the courts have drawn on a variety of sources, including: public international law and legal doctrines and principles present in the legal systems of European Union member states and in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Accepted general principles of European Union Law include fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindu philosophy", + [ + "In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with epistemology, that is the reliable means to gain correct knowledge and to remove wrong notions. False knowledge is not merely ignorance to Naiyayikas, it includes delusion. Correct knowledge is discovering and overcoming one's delusions, and understanding true nature of soul, self and reality. The Nyāya Sūtras begin:" + ] + ], + [ + "Orthodox Judaism", + [ + "However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when at all possible the law should be maintained as it was understood by their authorities at the haskalah, believing that it had never changed. Modern Orthodox authorities are more willing to assume that under scrupulous examination, identical principles may lead to different applications in the context of modern life. To the Orthodox Jew, halakha is a guide, God's Law, governing the structure of daily life from the moment he or she wakes up to the moment he goes to sleep. It includes codes of behaviour applicable to a broad range of circumstances (and many hypothetical ones). There are though a number of halakhic meta-principles that guide the halakhic process and in an instance of opposition between a specific halakha and a meta-principle, the meta-principle often wins out . Examples of Halakhic Meta-Principles are: \"Deracheha Darchei Noam\" - the ways of Torah are pleasant, \"Kavod Habriyot\" - basic respect for human beings, \"Pikuach Nefesh\" - the sanctity of human life." + ] + ], + [ + "Pharmacy", + [ + "In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica." + ] + ], + [ + "Humanism", + [ + "Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular Religion of Humanity (which worshiped the dead, since most humans who have ever lived are dead), complete with holidays and liturgy, modeled on the rituals of what was seen as a discredited and dilapidated Catholicism. Although Comte's English followers, like Eliot and Martineau, for the most part rejected the full gloomy panoply of his system, they liked the idea of a religion of humanity. Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to \"vivre pour altrui\" (\"live for others\", from which comes the word \"altruism\"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy." + ] + ], + [ + "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge", + [ + "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (commonly called Treatise when referring to Berkeley's works) is a 1710 work, in English, by Irish Empiricist philosopher George Berkeley. This book largely seeks to refute the claims made by Berkeley's contemporary John Locke about the nature of human perception. Whilst, like all the Empiricist philosophers, both Locke and Berkeley agreed that we are having experiences, regardless of whether material objects exist, Berkeley sought to prove that the outside world (the world which causes the ideas one has within one's mind) is also composed \"solely\" of ideas. Berkeley did this by suggesting that \"Ideas can only resemble Ideas\" – the mental ideas that we possess can only resemble other ideas (not material objects) and thus the external world consists not of physical form, but rather of ideas. This world is (or, at least, was) given logic and regularity by some other force, which Berkeley concludes is God." + ] + ], + [ + "Dezallier d'Argenville", + [ + "Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville (Paris, 1 July 1680 – 29 November 1765), avocat to the Parlement de Paris and secretary to the king, was a connoisseur of gardening who laid out two for himself and his family, before writing \"La théorie et la pratique du jardinage\" (published anonymously, 1709; second edition, 1713), based on his experience and his reading. The majority of the illustrations were by Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond, who was credited as the author in the third edition, 1722. As the work of a gentleman rather than a gardener, as previous French books on gardening had all been, Dezallier d'Argenville's work was laid out like a treatise of architecture, addressed as much to the architect and the patron as to the practising gardener. As its title suggests, the treatise is composed of two parts: the theoretical principles of the art of fine gardening and its practical applications. The first section considers the principles of siting the \"maison de plaisance\" relative to its gardens, techniques of laying out geometric figures in parterres, avenues and formal tree plantations (\"bosquets\"), and the planning of garden pavilions and the siting of sculpture, an essential element in the \"jardin français\". The second part applies the principles in earth works, terraces and stairs, and the hydraulics necessary for constructing \"jeux d'eau\": fountains, cascades, pools (\"bassins\") and canals." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Valturio", + [ + "Roberto Valturio (1405–1475) was an Italian engineer and writer born in Rimini. He was the author of the military treatise \"De Re militari\" (1472)." + ] + ], + [ + "Idealism", + [ + "The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. The word is used in a general sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols and to act imaginatively and creatively. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago.[citation needed] This capacity is often thought to be unique to humans, although some other species have demonstrated similar, though much less complex abilities for social learning. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that is transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Some aspects of human behavior, such as language, social practices such as kinship, gender and marriage, expressive forms such as art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies such as cooking, shelter, clothing are said to be cultural universals, found in all human societies. The concept material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including, practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science make up the intangible cultural heritage of a society." + ] + ], + [ + "Poverty in the Philippines", + [ + "The Human Development Index, as defined by the United Nations, is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. For the Philippines, the HDI increased by 16.5% between 1980 and 2013. The country ranked 117 out of 187 countries in 2013. The HDI in 2013 was 0.660, which implied that the Philippines was under the medium human development group (which needs an HDI of 0.614). The nation's HDI was higher than the average for countries in the medium human development group, but lower than the average of the countries in East Asia and Pacific (0.703)." + ] + ], + [ + "Humanism", + [ + "Religious humanism is an integration of humanist ethical philosophy with religious rituals and beliefs that centre on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history. The Cult of Reason (French: Culte de la Raison) was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters. In 1793 during the French Revolution, the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a \"Temple to Reason\" and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the 1850s, Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology, founded Positivism, a \"religion of humanity\". One of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered humanist organisations was the Humanistic Religious Association formed in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts. The Ethical Culture movement was founded in 1876. The movement's founder, Felix Adler, a former member of the Free Religious Association, conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions. Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern." + ] + ], + [ + "The Children of the Company", + [ + "The Children of the Company is a science fiction novel by Kage Baker. It is another in the series concerned with the exploits of The Company, a 24th-century cabal which exploits history for profit with the aid of immortal cyborgs living in the past." + ] + ], + [ + "Architecture", + [ + "According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__179149_396277", + "question": "What other notable work did the creator of Shrek make?", + "answer": "Doctor De Soto", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Doctor De Soto", + 0 + ], + [ + "Shrek (character)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Doctor De Soto", + [ + "Doctor De Soto is a picture book for children written and illustrated by William Steig and first published in 1982. It features a mouse-dentist who must help a fox with a toothache without being eaten." + ] + ], + [ + "Javier Pulido", + [ + "Javier Pulido is a Spanish comic book artist working primarily for the American market. His notable works include \"Human Target\", \"\", \"She-Hulk\" and \"The Amazing Spider-Man\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Christopher Knights", + [ + "Christopher Knights is an English voice actor, film editor and camera operator best known for providing the voice of Private the Penguin in Madagascar. He worked on several DreamWorks films Shrek, Shrek 2, Shrek the Third and Shrek 4 - D. He started his filming career at Amblimation studios and worked on We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story and Balto. When he joined DreamWorks he not only started his editing career but also his acting career. He worked on the Shrek series as an associate editor and voice of the Three Blind Mice and Thelonious, Lord Farquad's Henchman. He worked many times with another English cameraman and voice actor, Simon J. Smith." + ] + ], + [ + "Dominique Loiseau", + [ + "Dominique Loiseau (16 February 1949 – 18 September 2013) was a French and Swiss watchmaker who worked at the highest levels of complex horology from the mid 1970s onwards He was the creator of several notable timepieces, including six Montres de Sables, the Rose de Temps clock, the Renaissance or Capriccio pocket watches and the Blancpain 1735 wristwatch. In 2011 he presented, the Loiseau 1f4, one of the most complicated automatic watches with eight patents. Loiseau announced in 2012 a collaboration with Swiss watch manufacturer Girard-Perregaux." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek (franchise)", + [ + "The Shrek franchise from DreamWorks Animation, based on William Steig's picture book Shrek!, consists of four computer - animated films including: Shrek (2001), Shrek 2 (2004), Shrek the Third (2007), and Shrek Forever After (2010), with a fifth film planned for a 2019 or 2020 release. A short 4 - D film, Shrek 4 - D, which originally was a theme park ride, was released in 2003." + ] + ], + [ + "Tundra Publishing", + [ + "Tundra Publishing was a Northampton, Massachusetts-based comic book publisher founded by Kevin Eastman in 1990. The company was founded to provide a venue for adventurous, creator-owned work by talented cartoonists and illustrators. Its publications were noted in the trade for their high production values, including glossy paper stock, full-color printing, and square binding. Tundra was one of the earlier creator-owned companies, before the formation of Image Comics and Dark Horse Comics' Legends imprint." + ] + ], + [ + "Kung Fu Panda", + [ + "Kung Fu Panda premiered in the United States on June 6, 2008. The film received positive reviews upon release. Kung Fu Panda opened in 4,114 theaters, grossing $20.3 million on its opening day and $60.2 million on its opening weekend, resulting in the number one position at the box office. The film became DreamWorks' biggest opening for a non-sequel film, the highest grossing animated film of the year worldwide, and also had the fourth - largest opening weekend for a DreamWorks animated film at the American and Canadian box office, behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, and Shrek Forever After." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen Vail", + [ + "Stephen Vail (1780–1864) was a founding partner of the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia and the creator of the Speedwell Ironworks in Morristown, New Jersey." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael T. Scott", + [ + "Michael T. Scott is an American comedy writer, animation director and creator of the Happy Fatties online cartoon series, which has been featured on several notable web video sites including, YouTube, Dailymotion, Yahoo! Video, Openfilm, Animation World Network, Crackle, Aniboom, Funny or Die and Newgrounds." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek", + [ + "\"Shrek\" premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, making it the first animated film since Disney's \"Peter Pan\" (1953) to receive that honor. It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. \"Shrek\" won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks Animation as a prime competitor to Pixar in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—\"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and \"Shrek Forever After\" (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the \"Shrek\" franchise. Although plans for a fifth film were cancelled prior to the fourth film's release, the project was revived in 2016 and has since stalled, with production and a potential release date getting pushed back." + ] + ], + [ + "Ralph Helfer", + [ + "Ralph Helfer (born April 9, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois) is a notable American animal behaviorist, creator of Marine World/Africa USA, and writer of books about animals." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek!", + [ + "Shrek! is a picture book published in 1990 by American book writer and cartoonist William Steig, about a repugnant and monstrous green creature who leaves home to see the world and ends up saving a princess. The name \"Shrek\" is the romanization of the Yiddish word שרעק, corresponding to German \"\" and meaning \"fear\" or \"fright\", but also used as a common exclamation, often in the form \"Oy Shrek!\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Holding Out for a Hero", + [ + "Japanese singer Miki Asakura recorded the song in Japanese as ヒーロー HOLDING OUT FOR A HERO in 1984. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It was also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack. American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's. Ella Mae Bowen recorded a country version of the song which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2011 remake of Footloose." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Shrek characters", + [ + "King Harold (voiced by John Cleese) was the king of Far Far Away, husband of Queen Lillian, father of Princess Fiona, and father in - law of Shrek." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek the Third", + [ + "Shrek the Third is a 2007 American computer - animated fantasy comedy film and the third installment in the Shrek franchise, produced by DreamWorks Animation. It is the sequel to 2004's Shrek 2, and is the first in the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired DreamWorks Pictures, the former parent of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Chris Miller and Raman Hui directed and co-directed the film, respectively, with the former also co-writing the screenplay with Jeffrey Price, Peter S. Seaman, and Aron Warner. In addition to Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Rupert Everett, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese, who reprise their roles from Shrek 2, the film also features Justin Timberlake in the role of Arthur Pendragon and Eric Idle as Merlin. Harry Gregson - Williams composed the original music for the film. The story takes place eight months after the marriage of Shrek and Fiona in the first film. Reluctantly reigning over the kingdom of Far, Far Away, Shrek sets out to find the next heir to the throne -- Fiona's cousin Artie, while Prince Charming is plotting to overthrow Shrek and become king." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek (character)", + [ + "Shrek is a fictional ogre character created by American author William Steig. Shrek is the protagonist of the book of the same name and of eponymous films by DreamWorks Animation. The name \"Shrek\" is derived from the German word \"Schreck\", meaning \"fright\" or \"terror\". Shrek is voiced by Mike Myers, although it was planned for him to be voiced by Chris Farley before his death in December 1997, and played by Brian d'Arcy James in the musical." + ] + ], + [ + "The Invitations", + [ + "\"The Invitations\" is the 22nd and final episode of the seventh season of \"Seinfeld\" and the 134th overall episode. It originally aired on May 16, 1996, and is notable as being the last episode written by co-creator Larry David before he left the series at the end of this season. He did return, however, to write the series finale in 1998. This episode was directed by Andy Ackerman." + ] + ], + [ + "God", + [ + "In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the \"greatest conceivable existent\". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God." + ] + ], + [ + "Shrek the Halls", + [ + "Shrek the Halls is an American Christmas computer-animated comedy television special that premiered on the American television network ABC on Wednesday, November 28, 2007. The thirty minute Christmas special was directed by Gary Trousdale and produced by DreamWorks Animation. Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and Antonio Banderas reprised their roles from the feature films. This Christmas special takes place between \"Shrek the Third\" and \"Shrek Forever After\". This television special was based on the children's book \"Shrek!\" by the writer William Steig, was published on October 17, 1990." + ] + ], + [ + "Princess Fiona", + [ + "Princess Fiona is a fictional main character who serves as the female lead in DreamWorks' animated Shrek film series. She made her first appearance in the first film in the franchise, Shrek (2001), voiced by American actress Cameron Diaz." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__151903_5274_458768_33677", + "question": "When was the most recent BFC award given to the city where the only record music group larger than the recording label for The Lost Trident Sessions is located?", + "answer": "2013", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Lost Trident Sessions", + 0 + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm", + [ + "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Genius + Soul = Jazz", + [ + "Genius + Soul = Jazz is a 1961 album by Ray Charles featuring big band arrangements by Quincy Jones and Ralph Burns. Charles is accompanied by two groups drawn from members of The Count Basie Band and from the ranks of top New York session players. It was recorded at the Rudy Van Gelder Studio in two sessions on December 26 and 27, 1960 and originally released on the Impulse! label as Impulse! A–2." + ] + ], + [ + "Jam Session (album)", + [ + "Jam Session is a live album by American trumpeters Clifford Brown, Clark Terry and Canadian trumpeter Maynard Ferguson featuring tracks recorded in early 1954 and released on the EmArcy label. The album was recorded at the same session that produced Dinah Washington's \"Dinah Jams\" and is often credited to the Clifford Brown All Stars." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lost Trident Sessions", + [ + "The Lost Trident Sessions is a studio album by jazz fusion group the Mahavishnu Orchestra, released on 21 September 1999 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was originally recorded in June 1973 at Trident Studios but was not released until 26 years later. According to the album's detailed liner notes, in November 1998 Columbia Records producer Bob Belden stumbled upon two quarter-inch tapes in Columbia's Los Angeles vault whilst gathering material for a remastered reissue of the Mahavishnu Orchestra's 1973 album \"Birds of Fire\". The tapes were otherwise unlabelled besides the recording location, but upon further inspection, they were revealed to be the two-track mixes for what would have been the Mahavishnu Orchestra's third studio album at the time." + ] + ], + [ + "He's So Fine", + [ + "Originally one of the two other songs: \"Oh, My Lover\", was considered the potential hit. But the completed track for \"He's So Fine\" with its now-classic 'Doo-lang doo-lang doo-lang' background vocal – the suggestion of the session's sound engineer Johnny Cue – seemed an obvious smash. However Capitol Records (for whom the Tokens were house producers) rejected the track: Jay Siegal of the Tokens recalled Capitol's president Voyle Gilmore dismissing the track as \"too trite...too simple\". The Tokens shopped \"He's So Fine\" to ten labels before placing it with Laurie Records. According to Siegal, \"We played it, and they locked the doors and said 'You're not getting out of here. We want that record.'...Of course we'd already been turned down by ten companies. Give us eighty cents and we'd have given you the record.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Duke's Big 4", + [ + "Duke's Big 4 is a studio album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington featuring a small group session with Joe Pass, Ray Brown and Louie Bellson recorded in January 1973 and released on the Pablo label in 1974." + ] + ], + [ + "NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award", + [ + "Since its inception, the award has been given to 21 different players. Dikembe Mutombo and Ben Wallace have each won the award a record four times. Dwight Howard is the only player to ever win the award in three consecutive seasons. Sidney Moncrief, Mark Eaton, Dennis Rodman, Hakeem Olajuwon, Alonzo Mourning, and Kawhi Leonard have each won it twice. The most recent award recipient is Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors." + ] + ], + [ + "MCA Records", + [ + "MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + [ + "Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Biltmore Records", + [ + "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Hux Records", + [ + "Hux Records is a British record label based in England, which was launched in 1998. They specialise in releasing old material, especially in unreleased BBC recordings such as John Peel Sessions and BBC Radio 1 concerts. Hux has gained a reputation as an excellent independent record label, offering an eclectic selection of classic archive recordings. Hux has also re-released recordings by such artists as Malcolm Morley's Sam Apple Pie and Help Yourself; and Man's debut album, which was recorded in 1976 but not released latterly (the master tapes were lost and only discovered recently)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Peugeot", + [ + "The Peugeot family of Valentigney, Montbéliard, Franche-Comté, France, began in the manufacturing business in the 19th century. In 1842, they added production of coffee, pepper, and salt grinders. The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, saw blades, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his \"Le Grand Bi\" penny-farthing in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles. The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades. The car company and bike company parted ways in 1926 but Peugeot bicycles continued to be built until very recently." + ] + ], + [ + "Festival Session", + [ + "Festival Session is an album by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington recorded for the Columbia Records label in 1959. The album was rereleased on CD in 2004 with two bonus tracks." + ] + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + [ + "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California." + ] + ], + [ + "John Holland Group", + [ + "The John Holland Group is a construction, tunnelling, rail, building and services provider with operations in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia and the Middle East. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a 100% owned subsidiary of China Communications Construction Company, a Chinese state owned enterprise." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__374495_68633", + "question": "Who is the president of the organization that Avery Brundage is a member of?", + "answer": "Thomas Bach", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee", + 0 + ], + [ + "Avery Brundage", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "When We First Met", + [ + "Adam DeVine as Noah Ashby Alexandra Daddario as Avery Martin Shelley Hennig as Carrie Grey Andrew Bachelor as Max, Noah's friend Robbie Amell as Ethan" + ] + ], + [ + "Texas House of Representatives", + [ + "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer and highest - ranking member of the House. The Speaker's duties include maintaining order within the House, recognizing members during debate, ruling on procedural matters, appointing members to the various committees and sending bills for committee review. The Speaker pro tempore is primarily a ceremonial position, but does, by long - standing tradition, preside over the House during its consideration of local and consent bills." + ] + ], + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee", + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee Président du Comité international olympique Olympic rings Incumbent Thomas Bach since 10 September 2013 International Olympic Committee Style His Excellency Member of IOC Executive Board Residence Lausanne Palace Seat IOC Headquarters, Lausanne, Switzerland Appointer IOC Session Elected by the IOC Members by secret ballot Term length Eight years Renewable once for four years Constituting instrument Olympic Charter Formation 1894 First holder Demetrius Vikelas Website International Olympic Committee" + ] + ], + [ + "Hogan's Romance Upset", + [ + "Hogan's Romance Upset is a 1915 American short comedy film directed by Charles Avery and featuring both Fatty Arbuckle and Harold Lloyd in uncredited roles as a spectators." + ] + ], + [ + "Avery, Iowa", + [ + "Avery is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Iowa in the United States. It is located at the intersection of County RoadH27 and 700thAvenue, northeast of Albia, Iowa, at 41.063413N, -92.716236W." + ] + ], + [ + "Parliament of India", + [ + "Those elected or nominated (by the President) to either house of Parliament are referred to as Members of Parliament (MP). The Members of Parliament, Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public voting in Single - member districts and the Members of Parliament, Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of all State Legislative Assembly by proportional representation. The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of 545 in Lok Sabha including the 2 nominees from the Anglo - Indian Community by the President, and 245 in Rajya Sabha including the 12 nominees from the expertise of different fields of science, culture, art and history. The Parliament meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Doris Pack", + [ + "Doris Pack (born 18 March 1942, Schiffweiler) is a German politician, President of EPP Women ,President of the Robert Schuman Institute and former Member of the European Parliament 1989-2014. She served as a member of the Bundestag 1974–1983 and 1985–1989. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Pack is the chair of the EU Committee on Culture and Education (since 2009)." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael F. Flaherty", + [ + "Michael F. Flaherty (born 1969) is an at-large member of the Boston City Council. Flaherty is a member of the United States Democratic Party. He was elected Boston City Council Vice President in 2001 and Boston City Council President from 2002 to 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "100 Centre Street", + [ + "100 Centre Street is an American legal drama created by Sidney Lumet and starring Alan Arkin, Val Avery, Bobby Cannavale, Joel de la Fuente and Paula Devicq." + ] + ], + [ + "John A. Denison", + [ + "John Avery Denison (August 17, 1875 – March 7, 1948) was an American politician and judge. He was Mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts and a judicial appointee of Calvin Coolidge." + ] + ], + [ + "Leeman M. Brundage", + [ + "Leeman M. Brundage (1866 in New York – 1910 in South Norwalk, Connecticut) was a Democratic mayor of South Norwalk, Connecticut from 1909 to 1910. He died of typhoid fever while in office." + ] + ], + [ + "Teri Thornton", + [ + "Teri Thornton, born Shirley Enid Avery (September 1, 1934 in Detroit, Michigan – May 2, 2000 in Englewood, New Jersey) was an American jazz singer." + ] + ], + [ + "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)", + [ + "Amelia brings in one of her former professors and current head of Neurology at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Tom Koracik to help her come up with a treatment plan for her tumor. Much to her chagrin, Dr Koracik brings to light how impaired her judgment has been over the last ten years; Richard makes sure to let Amelia know that her judgment has n't been all that bad and encourages her to come clean to those with whom she's closest. Bailey is confronted by Harper Avery about all the changes that have been made to the hospital and threatens to withdraw all funding from the foundation; when Bailey stands up to him, Avery fires her. In the end of the episode Avery passes away with a sudden cardiac arrest and then Jackson and Catherine Avery reinstate Bailey back as the chief. Ben and Arizona resort to advice delivered by Carina when one of their patients gets stuck in labor. Meredith turns to her former psychiatrist, who winds up as a patient, to sort out her mood towards everyone instigated by the love triangle involving Nathan and Megan. Jo asks Alex to move back home." + ] + ], + [ + "The Russian Room", + [ + "The Russian Room was a short film shot in New York City in 1997 and released in 1998. It stars Avery Schreiber and writer Jeff Casper. Nance McQuigg directed and produced." + ] + ], + [ + "George Humphreys", + [ + "Humphreys was born in London in 1863. He became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) on 7 March 1908. He became a member of the council of that institution on November 1917 and served as vice-president from November 1927. Humphreys was elected president of the ICE for the November 1930 to November 1931 session. After his term he returned to the council as a past-president and remained in that position until October 1937. In 1927 he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Plumtree, North Carolina", + [ + "Plumtree is an unincorporated community in Avery County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located along US 19-E, between the communities of Roaring Creek and Ingalls." + ] + ], + [ + "Avery Claflin", + [ + "Avery Claflin (January 21, 1898 - January 9, 1979) was an American composer, although he studied law and business, later pursuing a career in banking. He served as president for the French American Banking Corp." + ] + ], + [ + "Avery Brundage", + [ + "Avery Brundage (; September 28, 1887 – May 8, 1975) was the fifth President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), serving from 1952 to 1972. The only American to attain that position, Brundage is remembered as a zealous advocate of amateurism and for his involvement with the 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics, both held in Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Kidnapped by Danger", + [ + "Avery's mother Diana (Mary Steenburgen) arrives to make sure that the TV movie about her daughter shows her in a good light. Liz (Tina Fey) promises to help Jack (Alec Baldwin) overcome his chemistry with Diana and keep him out of an inappropriate relationship. Liz eventually fixes Diana up with the actor playing Jack (William Baldwin, Alec Baldwin's real life brother) to keep her away from Jack. At the table reading of Liz's script, Jack is appalled that Liz has included some seedy details about Jack and Avery's courtship. He fires Liz from the project and rewrites the script himself. Jack eventually realizes that Liz is right that he had been idealizing his relationship with Avery. Liz consoles him and helps him rewrite the script to be a total fabrication." + ] + ], + [ + "Avery Johnson", + [ + "Avery DeWitt Johnson (born March 25, 1965) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__55463_19033", + "question": "Where did the wrestler who has won the most intercontinental championships win in 2008?", + "answer": "Great American Bash", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of WWE Intercontinental Champions", + 0 + ], + [ + "Professional wrestling", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2008 Tonga Major League", + [ + "The 2008 season of the Tonga Major League was the 30th season of top flight association football competition in Tonga. Lotohaʻapai United won the championship for the eleventh time, the last championship won in a record streak of 11 titles in the Tonga Major League." + ] + ], + [ + "List of NBA players with most championships", + [ + "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13 - year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win 10 championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player - coach. Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won 10 championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history. Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each. Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each. Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul - Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each. Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s. George Mikan won 2 championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won 5 championships in the NBA." + ] + ], + [ + "UEFA Euro 2012 Final", + [ + "The UEFA Euro 2012 Final was a football match that took place on 1 July 2012 at the Olympic Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to determine the winner of UEFA Euro 2012. Spain, who had won Euro 2008, successfully defended their title with a 4–0 win over Italy, becoming the first team to win two consecutive European Championships, and the first team to win three consecutive major tournaments – Euro 2008, the 2010 World Cup and Euro 2012. It was the greatest margin of victory in the history of the European Championship finals, and the fourth time that teams who played each other in the group stage played each other again in the final (1988, 1996 and 2004)." + ] + ], + [ + "List of UEFA club competition winners", + [ + "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "List of UEFA club competition winners", + [ + "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 22 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "WWE Universal Championship", + [ + "Brock Lesnar is the current champion in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating Goldberg at WrestleMania 33 on April 2, 2017 in Orlando, Florida. In doing so, he became the first wrestler to win both the WWE Championship and the Universal Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "Ondřej Kratěna", + [ + "Kratěna began his career with HC Olomouc where he played for two seasons. After an impressive second season where he posted eleven goals and eleven assists, he signed with HC Vsetín. After three championship winning seasons he moved to Sparta Prague and remained at the team for eight seasons, winning four more Czech titles. In 2007, he moved to Finland's SM-liiga for Oulun Kärpät and won the regular season championship and the SM-liiga playoffs championship. In 2008, Kratěna returned to Sparta Prague." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions", + [ + "Overall, thirty - three different drivers have won the Championship, with German Michael Schumacher holding the record for most titles, at seven. Schumacher also holds the record for most consecutive Drivers' Championships, winning five from 2000 to 2004. The United Kingdom has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with ten; Brazil, Germany and Finland are next with three each. Of the 33 drivers to win the World Championship. Twenty are still alive. The most recently deceased is John Surtees (1934 -- 2017). Among teams, Scuderia Ferrari has produced the most World Championship winning drivers with 15." + ] + ], + [ + "1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup", + [ + "The 1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup was the 3rd edition of the FIBA Intercontinental Cup for men's basketball clubs. It took place at Palestra and Spectrum, Philadelphia. From the FIBA European Champions Cup participated Real Madrid and Simmenthal Milano, from the South American Club Championship participated Botafogo, and from the NABL participated the Akron Wingfoots." + ] + ], + [ + "List of UEFA club competition winners", + [ + "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy) and seven more than Barcelona (Spain). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "List of IIHF World Championship medalists", + [ + "As of 2016, 81 tournaments have been staged. From 1920 to 1930, the Winter Olympic Games Ice Hockey Tournaments held counted as the World Championships and no tournaments in between were held. No championships were held from 1940 to 1946 due to World War II, nor during the Olympic years 1980, 1984 and 1988. Ten nations have won a gold medal at the World Championships and a total of fourteen have won medals. Canada has won 48 medals, the most of any nation. The Soviet Union, which began competing in 1954 and last competed in 1991, captured a medal in every tournament they entered. In winning the 2006 World Championships, Sweden became the first nation in sports history to win an Olympic gold as well as a separate World Championship in the same season." + ] + ], + [ + "Mārtiņš Pļaviņš", + [ + "After the 2008 Olympics, he began playing together with Jānis Šmēdiņš. At the 2010 European Beach Volleyball Championships, Pļaviņš and Šmēdiņš won the bronze medal. They followed this up by winning the bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. They lost to Rego and Cerutti of Brazil in the semi-final but beat Nummerdor and Schuil of the Netherlands in the bronze medal match." + ] + ], + [ + "List of WWE Intercontinental Champions", + [ + "Overall, there have been 79 different Intercontinental Champions. Chris Jericho holds the record for the most reigns with nine, The Honky Tonk Man holds the longest reign at 454 days. Only three other wrestlers -- Pedro Morales, Don Muraco, and Randy Savage -- have held the championship for a continuous reign of more than a year. The current champion is Roman Reigns, who is in his first reign. He won the championship by defeating The Miz on Raw in Houston, Texas on November 20, 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "Cowboys–Steelers rivalry", + [ + "Dallas Cowboys -- Pittsburgh Steelers Dallas Cowboys Pittsburgh Steelers First meeting September 10, 1960 PIT 35, DAL 28 Latest meeting November 13, 2016 DAL 35, PIT 30 Statistics Meetings total 32 All - time series Dallas Cowboys 17 -- 15 Regular season series DAL 16 -- 13 Postseason results PIT: 2 -- 1 January 18, 1976, Super Bowl X, Steelers won 21 -- 17 January 21, 1979, Super Bowl XIII, Steelers won 35 -- 31 January 28, 1996, Super Bowl XXX, Cowboys won 27 -- 17 Largest victory Cowboys 52 -- 21 10 / 30 / 1966 Longest win streak DAL: 7 (November 14, 1965 -- October 8, 1972) PIT: 5 (January 18, 1976 -- September 13, 1982) Current win streak DAL: 2 win Championship Success NFL Championships (11) PIT (6) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008 DAL (5) -- 1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995 NFL Conference Championships (16) PIT (8) -- 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1995, 2005, 2008, 2010 DAL (8) -- 1970, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1992, 1993, 1995" + ] + ], + [ + "Extreme Rules (2018)", + [ + "The card consisted of twelve matches, including two on the pre-show. In the main event, Dolph Ziggler retained the Intercontinental Championship by defeating Seth Rollins 5 -- 4 in an Iron Man match that went into sudden death overtime. This was the first time that an Intercontinental Championship match was the main event of a WWE pay - per - view since Backlash in 2001. In the penultimate match, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Rusev. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship against Nia Jax in an Extreme Rules match, Bobby Lashley defeated Roman Reigns, and Shinsuke Nakamura defeated Jeff Hardy for the United States Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "Fingal Ravens GAA", + [ + "Fingal Ravens is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Rolestown, County Dublin, Ireland. Fingal Ravens won the 2007 Dublin Intermediate Football Championship and are therefore in the Senior championship for 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here)." + ] + ], + [ + "Adam Enright", + [ + "Adam Enright (born November 16, 1983, in Rosalind, Alberta) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta. He is a former alternate for Kevin Martin's rink with whom he won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics as well as wins at the 2008 Tim Hortons Brier and the 2008 World Men's Curling Championship. Currently, Enright plays third for Kurt Balderston's rink." + ] + ], + [ + "Manchester United F.C. in European football", + [ + "After their Champions League wins in 1999 and 2008, Manchester United also competed as UEFA's representatives at the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship and the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup. They were knocked out of the 2000 tournament at the group stage, but went on to win the 2008 competition, becoming the first English side to do so." + ] + ], + [ + "Professional wrestling", + [ + "A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__472083_7298", + "question": "What notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio along with the performer of Illuminations?", + "answer": "Michael Bublé", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Illuminations (Josh Groban album)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "CKSY-FM", + [ + "CKSY-FM is a radio station located in Chatham-Kent, Ontario. Owned by Blackburn Radio, the station broadcasts an adult contemporary format on 94.3 FM. CKSY is co-owned with adult-hits station CKUE-FM and country-formatted CFCO-AM-FM." + ] + ], + [ + "Illuminations (Josh Groban album)", + [ + "Illuminations is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Josh Groban, produced by Rick Rubin. Similar to his previous albums, \"Illuminations\" contains songs sung in a variety of languages, including his first take on a Portuguese song, \"Você Existe Em Mim\", which Groban co-wrote with Lester Mendez and Carlinhos Brown. The album was released on November 15, 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "WEBZ", + [ + "WEBZ is a commercial Urban Adult Contemporary radio station located in Mexico Beach, Florida (Panama City metro). Owned by iHeartMedia, the station broadcasts at 99.3 MHz. WEBZ airs an Urban Adult Contemporary format branded as \"99-3 The Beat\"." + ] + ], + [ + "CJRL-FM", + [ + "CJRL-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 89.5 FM in Kenora, Ontario. The station broadcasts an adult contemporary format branded as 89.5 The Lake." + ] + ], + [ + "Melisende Psalter", + [ + "The Melisende Psalter (London, British Library, Egerton MS 1139) is an illuminated manuscript commissioned around 1135 in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, probably by King Fulk for his wife Queen Melisende. It is a notable example of Crusader art, which resulted from a merging of the artistic styles of Roman Catholic Europe, the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire and the art of the Armenian illuminated manuscript." + ] + ], + [ + "KLAG", + [ + "KLAG (91.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Alamogordo, New Mexico. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation. It airs an adult contemporary Christian music format." + ] + ], + [ + "WOKH", + [ + "WOKH (102.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Springfield, Kentucky, as well as Lebanon, Kentucky and Bardstown, Kentucky. The station is owned by WBRT, through licensee Bardstown Radio Team, LLC. It airs an Adult Contemporary music format." + ] + ], + [ + "CFVR-FM", + [ + "CFVR-FM is a Canadian radio station serving Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, broadcasting at 103.7 FM with a hot adult contemporary format branded on-air as Mix 103.7." + ] + ], + [ + "CKNR-FM", + [ + "CKNR-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts an adult contemporary format at 94.1 MHz in Elliot Lake, Ontario. The station uses the on-air brand \"Moose FM\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts." + ] + ], + [ + "WXKC", + [ + "WXKC (99.9 FM, \"Classy 100\") is a radio station in Erie, Pennsylvania. It plays adult contemporary music and is owned by Cumulus Media." + ] + ], + [ + "Minipops", + [ + "Minipops was a television series broadcast in 1983 on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. Designed primarily for younger viewers, it consisted of music performances on a brightly coloured set featuring preteen children singing then-contemporary pop music hits and older classics. The children were usually made to look like the original performers, including clothing and make-up. Controversy over children singing songs that often contained a subtext of adult content (in adult costumes and make-up) led to the show's cancellation after one series." + ] + ], + [ + "Light Sings", + [ + "\"Light Sings\" is a song written by Will Holt and Gary William Friedman and performed by The 5th Dimension. It reached #12 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart, #15 on the Canadian adult contemporary chart, #22 on the Canadian pop chart, and #44 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1971. It was featured on their 1971 album, \"Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes\"." + ] + ], + [ + "WNWZ", + [ + "WNWZ (1410 AM, \"Magic 104.9\") is a radio station broadcasting an urban adult contemporary format, licensed to Grand Rapids, Michigan." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, \"We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play\". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: \"In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart." + ] + ], + [ + "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", + [ + "``I Can Only Imagine ''was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with`` Word of God Speak'') was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, ``I Can Only Imagine ''earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best - selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone." + ] + ], + [ + "WRNJ", + [ + "WRNJ (1510 AM) is a radio station in Hackettstown, New Jersey broadcasting an adult contemporary format. The station is owned locally by WRNJ Radio, Inc. and features programing from ABC News Radio." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenia", + [ + "Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional \"kef\" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of \"kef music\" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry." + ] + ], + [ + "WAJI", + [ + "WAJI (95.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, the station is currently owned by Sarkes Tarzian, Inc." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__145194_160545_60577", + "question": "Where did they film The Beach in the country where Siddhi Savetsila was born?", + "answer": "Ko Phi Phi Leh", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Bang Bon District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Beach (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Dillon Beach, California", + [ + "Dillon Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, United States. Dillon Beach is located west of Tomales, at an elevation of 89 feet (27 m). The population was 283 at the 2010 census. Dillon Beach was named after the founder, George Dillon, who settled there in 1858. The area includes a public access beach, as well as a private beach resort, the only private beach in California." + ] + ], + [ + "Corona del Mar State Beach", + [ + "Corona del Mar State Beach (Spanish for the Crown of the Sea) is a protected beach in the state park system of California, United States. It is located in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach, and operated by the city of Newport Beach. The park was established in 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Muscle Beach Party", + [ + "Muscle Beach Party (1964) is the second of seven beach party films produced by American International Pictures. It stars Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello and was directed by William Asher, who also directed four other films in this series." + ] + ], + [ + "Garden City, South Carolina", + [ + "Garden City, sometimes known as Garden City Beach, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 9,209 at the 2010 census. Garden City Beach is located directly south of Surfside Beach. The developed part of the beach extends south beyond the limits of the Garden City CDP, into Georgetown County, and ends on a peninsula at the mouth of Murrells Inlet." + ] + ], + [ + "Isle of Normandy", + [ + "Isle of Normandy or Normandy Island or Normandy Isles or Normandy Isle is a neighborhood of North Beach in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States. It is located along the eastern shore of Biscayne Bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Stinson Beach, California", + [ + "Stinson Beach is a census-designated place in Marin County, California, on the west coast of the United States. Stinson Beach is located east-southeast of Bolinas, at an elevation of 26 feet (8 m). The population of the Stinson Beach CDP (census-designated place) was 632 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Kuramo Beach", + [ + "Kuramo Beach is a sandy beach in Lagos, Nigeria, located at the south side of Victoria Island, just east of Bar Beach and south of the Kuramo Waters lagoon. It was the location of numerous illegal shanties and cabins, some of them being used for music entertainment, bars and prostitution. In August 2012, a surge of the Atlantic Ocean hit Kuramo Beach, destroying some of these shacks and killing 16 people. The next day government authorities evacuated the area, demolished the remaining shacks and began to refill the sand." + ] + ], + [ + "Bang Bon District", + [ + "Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Street Beach", + [ + "Oak Street Beach is located on North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan. One of a series of Chicago beaches, the Chicago Park District defines Oak Street Beach as the area from approximately 1550 North Lake Shore Drive to 500 North Lake Shore Drive, including Ohio Street Beach, the South Ledge, a concrete path running from Ohio Street beach to the Oak Street Curve, Oak Street Beachstro Restaurant, Oak Street Beach proper, the \"North Ledge\", and a concrete path running from Oak Street Beach to North Avenue Beach." + ] + ], + [ + "Poplar Beach Resort Water Aerodrome", + [ + "Poplar Beach Resort Water Aerodrome, , was located adjacent to Poplar Beach, British Columbia, Canada. The airport was listed as abandoned in the 15 March 2007 Canada Flight Supplement." + ] + ], + [ + "Spring Lake, Alberta", + [ + "Spring Lake, originally named Edmonton Beach, is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located on the eastern shore of Spring Lake, approximately and west of the cities of Spruce Grove and Edmonton respectively. Hasse Lake is located southwest of Spring Lake. It was known as the Summer Village of Edmonton Beach from 1959 to 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila", + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He comes from an aristocratic background. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn). His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family, the daughter of Thet Bunnag (later Chao Phraya Suraphan Phisut), making him a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvan Beach Union Chapel", + [ + "Sylvan Beach Union Chapel is a historic interdenominational church building located at Sylvan Beach in Oneida County, New York. It opened on July 3, 1887 and worship services have been held there every summer since then. The film \"The Sterile Cuckoo\" starring Liza Minnelli was shot in part at the church." + ] + ], + [ + "Ski Party", + [ + "Ski Party is a 1965 American sex comedy film directed by Alan Rafkin and starring Frankie Avalon and Dwayne Hickman. It was released by American International Pictures (AIP). \"Ski Party\" is considered as a beach party film spin-off, with a change of setting from the beach to the ski slopes – although the final scene places everyone back at the beach." + ] + ], + [ + "Sunset Beach, Oregon", + [ + "Sunset Beach is a small unincorporated community located between the cities of Seaside and Warrenton in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Sunset Beach is located between U.S. Route 101, Neacoxie Lake and the Pacific Ocean. It serves as the northernmost access to the resort community of Surf Pines, and provides motor vehicle beach access. The \"Fort to Sea Trail\", which follows the route used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition when hiking from Fort Clatsop to the Pacific Ocean, ends at the beach access. A beach of the same name is west of the community." + ] + ], + [ + "Edisto Beach State Park", + [ + "Edisto Beach State Park is located on the coast of South Carolina, 50 miles south of Charleston, near the town of Edisto Beach in Colleton County." + ] + ], + [ + "Woodland Beach, Delaware", + [ + "Woodland Beach is an unincorporated community in Kent County, Delaware, United States. Woodland Beach is along the Delaware Bay east of Smyrna at the eastern terminus of Delaware Route 6. The Woodland Beach Wildlife Area is located in Woodland Beach." + ] + ], + [ + "Whihala Beach County Park", + [ + "Whihala Beach County Park is a park in Whiting, Indiana, United States, located at 1561 Park Rd. It is a public beach with available life guards. The beach was previously named Whiting Beach." + ] + ], + [ + "Sundance Beach", + [ + "Sundance Beach is a summer village in Alberta, Canada. It is located on the northern shore of Pigeon Lake. Mission Beach is a locality within the summer village." + ] + ], + [ + "The Beach (film)", + [ + "Controversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__764280_834494_34053", + "question": "What was the wettest year of the administrative territorial entity that contains the administrative territorial entity where Drexel Heights is located?", + "answer": "1905", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Drexel Heights, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Oblasts of the Soviet Union", + [ + "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenia", + [ + "During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on June 19, 1960, and July 28, 1995, and the record minimum temperature was 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 7, 1913. There are an average of 150.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 26.4 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Average annual precipitation is 11.15 in (283 mm). There is an average of 49 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1905 with 24.17 in (614 mm) and the driest year was 1924 with 5.07 in (129 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 7.56 in (192 mm) in July 1984. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 4.16 in (106 mm) on October 1, 1983. Annual snowfall averages 0.7 in (1.8 cm). The most snow in one year was 7.2 in (18 cm) in 1987. The most snow in one month was 6.0 in (15 cm) in January 1898 and March 1922." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Łowicz", + [ + "Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship", + [ + "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Biłgoraj County", + [ + "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Drexel Heights, Arizona", + [ + "Drexel Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 27,749 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Moorea-Maiao", + [ + "Moorea-Maiao is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune is in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 17,816." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation", + [ + "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__161915_78851", + "question": "which professional sports team would you not see play a home game in the arena where the last place Cream performed?", + "answer": "Brooklyn Nets NBA", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Eric Clapton", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sports in the New York metropolitan area", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Buvik IL", + [ + "Buvik Idrettslag is a multi-sports team from Buvik in Skaun, Norway. In 2012, the club's first football team played in the Second Division, having won their Third Division conference in 2011. The team was, however, relegated after only one season in the Second Division. They play their home games at Buvik Stadion." + ] + ], + [ + "Pittsburgh Condors", + [ + "The Pittsburgh Condors were a professional basketball team in the original American Basketball Association. Originally called the Pittsburgh Pipers, they were a charter franchise of the ABA and captured the first league title. The team played their home games in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena." + ] + ], + [ + "Huntsville Rockets", + [ + "The Huntsville Rockets were a professional American football team based in Huntsville, Alabama, from 1962 through 1966. They played their home games at Goldsmith–Schiffman Field." + ] + ], + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage", + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)", + [ + "The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in St. Louis, Missouri as the St. Louis Cardinals from 1960 to 1987 before relocating to Tempe, Arizona in 1988. The Cardinals franchise relocated from Chicago to St. Louis in 1960. Their first home game in St. Louis was at Sportsman's Park against the New York Giants on October 2, 1960. Their last game played at Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis was against the Giants on December 13, 1987. Their last game as a St. Louis-based club was on December 27, 1987 at the Dallas Cowboys." + ] + ], + [ + "Sport Boys", + [ + "Sport Boys plays its home games at the Estadio Miguel Grau. It has a capacity of about 17,000. Before this stadium was built, they had to use the 5,000 spectator capacity Telmo Carbajo, a stadium that was in bad condition and unfit to host football matches. It was the first stadium in Callao. Sport Boys were forced to play their games in the Estadio Nacional, where they would be far away from their fans." + ] + ], + [ + "Official game (baseball)", + [ + "Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth." + ] + ], + [ + "Milwaukee Badgers", + [ + "The Milwaukee Badgers were a professional American football team, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that played in the National Football League from 1922 to 1926. The team played its home games at Athletic Park, later known as Borchert Field, on Milwaukee's north side. The team was notable for having a large number of African-American players for the time." + ] + ], + [ + "Green Bay Packers", + [ + "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "Fabiana da Silva Simões", + [ + "Fabiana da Silva Simões (born 4 August 1989), known as Fabiana or Fabiana Baiana (by adding the demonym of Bahia, her home state), is a Brazilian football defender who last played for F.C. Barcelona in the Primera División, and for the Brazil national team. In 2009 and 2010 she played professional club football in the United States with Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). As well as teams in her native Brazil, Fabiana has played for Sporting de Huelva of Spain's Primera División and WFC Rossiyanka of the Russian Top Division." + ] + ], + [ + "Washington Capitals", + [ + "The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C." + ] + ], + [ + "BC Lions", + [ + "The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place." + ] + ], + [ + "1923–24 PCHA season", + [ + "The 1923–24 PCHA season was the 13th and last season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from November 26, 1923, until February 25, 1924. Each team played 30 games, including eight games against Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) teams. The Seattle Metropolitans club would be regular-season PCHA champions, but lost the play-off against the Vancouver Maroons 2-2, 1-2." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Cross Goodtime Marching Band", + [ + "Formed in 1845, the Holy Cross Crusaders Marching Band (HCMB) is one of the oldest organizations at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. The Crusaders Marching Band first began performing at football games in 1910 and the band's role has expanded significantly since to include other athletic appearances, performing at all home football games, selected away games, in exhibition at high school band competitions, and at various events throughout the country. In the spring, the marching band converts into the Holy Cross Crusader Pep Band and plays at all home basketball games, and travels with the teams to the NCAA tournament. The Marching Band performs at Fitton Field while the Pep Band plays in the Hart Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Everton F.C.", + [ + "The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers." + ] + ], + [ + "Sacramento Kings", + [ + "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Eric Clapton", + [ + "On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August." + ] + ], + [ + "Baseball at the Summer Olympics", + [ + "Baseball at the Summer Olympics unofficially debuted at the 1904 Summer Games, and became an official Olympic sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics. The event was last played in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing with South Korea taking the gold. In 2016 it was confirmed that Baseball would return for the 2020 games in Tokyo. Olympic baseball is governed by the International Baseball Federation (IBAF)." + ] + ], + [ + "National Basketball Association", + [ + "During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sports in the New York metropolitan area", + [ + "At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__39871_314549_131976_56103", + "question": "When do hurricanes occur in the ocean that borders the state where Williamsburg, Main Street Station and another share a track?", + "answer": "usually in the summer or fall", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Virginia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Newport News, Virginia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Atlantic hurricane", + 0 + ], + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Finsbury Park station", + [ + "The interchange consists of a National Rail station, a London Underground station and two bus stations, all interconnected. The main entrances are by the eastern bus station on Station Place. The National Rail ticket office here lies in between one entrance marked by the Underground roundel symbol, while the other is marked by the National Rail symbol, and provides direct access to the main line platforms. There is another exit by the western bus station along Wells Terrace, incorporating the Underground ticket office, plus a narrow side entrance to the south on the A503 Seven Sisters Road. The complex is located in Travelcard Zone 2." + ] + ], + [ + "Dallas Municipal Building", + [ + "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park." + ] + ], + [ + "San Juan, Puerto Rico", + [ + "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José." + ] + ], + [ + "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway", + [ + "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River." + ] + ], + [ + "McCarren Park", + [ + "McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), who began work as a cooper at Williamsburg sugar refineries and eventually became the Democratic boss of Brooklyn. The park is a popular destination for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also used for sunbathing and dog-walking. In late 2004, the park's track was resurfaced and has been a popular destination for running enthusiasts." + ] + ], + [ + "Kipling GO Station", + [ + "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it." + ] + ], + [ + "Mosaic Dallas", + [ + "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines." + ] + ], + [ + "Melbourne", + [ + "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia", + [ + "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court." + ] + ], + [ + "Montevideo", + [ + "The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic." + ] + ], + [ + "Waban station", + [ + "Waban is a surface-level light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line \"D\" Branch, located just south of Beacon Street at Waban Square in the Waban section of Newton, Massachusetts. The station is located below grade; access to both platforms is via Wyman Street on the outbound side of the tracks or a stairway from Beacon Street. Waban is not accessible." + ] + ], + [ + "Newport News, Virginia", + [ + "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later." + ] + ], + [ + "Refugio (SITEUR)", + [ + "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic hurricane", + [ + "An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the summer or fall. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Tottenham railway station", + [ + "Tottenham railway station is located on the Sunbury line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the western Melbourne suburbs of Tottenham and West Footscray, opening on 2 March 1891. It is located above the Ashley Street rail overpass, which provides station access." + ] + ], + [ + "Kera railway station", + [ + "Kera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station." + ] + ], + [ + "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street station", + [ + "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street is an underground New York City Subway station complex shared by the BMT Canarsie Line and the IND Crosstown Line. Located in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, the complex is served by the G and L trains at all times." + ] + ], + [ + "Typhoon", + [ + "A typhoon differs from a cyclone or hurricane only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Monongahela City Bridge", + [ + "The Monongahela City Bridge spans the Monongahela River from the City of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania to Forward Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It was constructed to replace a bridge which was 1/4 of a mile north of its location at First and Main Streets, and it opened to traffic in 1990." + ] + ], + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + [ + "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__118068_582428_157828_162309", + "question": "When did the country, whose co-official language was used by the director of Group Portrait with a Lady, first attend the Olympics as an independent team?", + "answer": "2016", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Aleksandar Petrović (film director)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Serbian language", + 0 + ], + [ + "Group Portrait with a Lady", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yugoslavia at the Olympics", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Aleksandar Petrović (film director)", + [ + "Aleksandar \"Saša\" Petrović (14 January 1929 – 20 August 1994) was a French-born acclaimed Serbian and Yugoslav film director who was one of the leading European directors in the 1960s and one of the major figures of the Yugoslav Black Wave. Two of his films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: \"Three\" in 1966 and \"I Even Met Happy Gypsies\" (\"Feather Gatherers\") in 1967. The latter (original title \"Skupljaci perja\") was the first movie that presented the existence of Gypsies in society and everyday life; it was also the first full-feature film where Gypsies spoke their own language, Roma. Most roles were interpreted by real Gypsies; this was their movie. \"As a child, I observed them and saw in these people faith and irrationality,\" said Petrović \"I Even Met Happy Gypsies\" won the FIPRESCI Prize and the Grand Prize of the Jury at the Cannes Film Festival; it also received a nomination for a Golden Globe. In 1967 Petrović was a member of the jury at the 17th Berlin International Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Catalan language", + [ + "Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales." + ] + ], + [ + "Serbian language", + [ + "Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where German is an official language", + [ + "Country Population 2014 / 2015 Speakers Notes (native) (second) Germany 81,083,600 74,430,000 (91.8%) 5,600,000 (6.9%) Sole nationwide official language Belgium 11,245,629 73,000 (0.6%) 2,472,746 (22%) De jure nationwide co-official language (majority language only in German speaking community) Austria 8,602,112 7,999,964 (93%) 516,000 (6%) De jure sole nationwide official language Switzerland 8,256,000 5,329,393 (64.6%) 395,000 (5%) Co-official language at federal level; de jure sole official language in 17, co-official in 4 cantons (out of 26) Luxembourg 562,958 11,000 (2%) 380,000 (67.5%) De jure nationwide co-official language Liechtenstein 37,370 32,075 (85.8%) 5,200 (13.9%) De jure sole nationwide official language Total 109,787,669 87,875,432 9,368,946 Total speakers: 97,244,378" + ] + ], + [ + "Languages of Brazil", + [ + "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language, minority languages include indigenous languages, and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Languages of the United States", + [ + "Many languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in the United States. Today over 500 languages are used by the U.S. population. The most commonly used language is English (specifically, American English), which is the de facto national language of the United States. Since the 1965 Immigration Act, Spanish is the second most common language in the country. The United States does not have an official language, but some state governments recognize specific languages. For instance, the state government of Louisiana offers services and documents in French, as does New Mexico in Spanish. There are many languages indigenous to North America or to U.S. states or holdings in the Pacific region. Hawaiian, although having few native speakers, is an official language along with English of the state of Hawaii. Alaska officializes English and twenty native languages." + ] + ], + [ + "Punjab, Pakistan", + [ + "The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: برادری‎) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District." + ] + ], + [ + "Group Portrait with a Lady", + [ + "Group Portrait with a Lady () is a 1977 German-French drama film directed by Aleksandar Petrović. It was entered into the 1977 Cannes Film Festival. It is based on the novel of the same name." + ] + ], + [ + "Mali", + [ + "Mali's official language is French and over 40 African languages also are spoken by the various ethnic groups. About 80% of Mali's population can communicate in Bambara, which serves as an important lingua franca.Mali has 12 national languages beside French and Bambara, namely Bomu, Tieyaxo Bozo, Toro So Dogon, Maasina Fulfulde, Hassaniya Arabic, Mamara Senoufo, Kita Maninkakan, Soninke, Koyraboro Senni, Syenara Senoufo, Tamasheq and Xaasongaxango. Each is spoken as a first language primarily by the ethnic group with which it is associated." + ] + ], + [ + "Yugoslavia at the Olympics", + [ + "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Southern Europe", + [ + "There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France." + ] + ], + [ + "Revival of the Hebrew language", + [ + "The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and Israel toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel. The process began as Jews started arriving in Palestine in the first half of the nineteenth century and used Hebrew as a lingua franca. However, a parallel development in Europe changed Hebrew from primarily a sacred liturgical language into a literary language which played a key role in the development of nationalist educational programs. Modern Hebrew, along with Modern Arabic, has been an official language in Israel since the British Mandate of Palestine, a situation that continued after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. More than purely a linguistic process, the revival of Hebrew was utilized by Jewish modernization and political movements, and became a tenet of the ideology associated with settlement of the land, Zionism and Israeli policy." + ] + ], + [ + "Canton of Zürich", + [ + "The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called \"Züritüütsch\", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian language", + [ + "Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews)." + ] + ], + [ + "Spanish language in the United States", + [ + "The Spanish language in the United States has forty - five million Hispanic and Latino Americans that speak Spanish as their first, second or heritage language, and there are six million Spanish language students in the United States, making it the second most spoken language of the United States. With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish - speaking population in the world after Mexico, although it is not an official language of the country. Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second - language speakers. About half of all American Spanish speakers also assessed themselves as speaking English ``very well ''in the 2000 U.S. Census. The United States is among the Spanish - speaking countries that has its own Academy of the Spanish Language." + ] + ], + [ + "Madagascar", + [ + "The Malagasy language is of Malayo-Polynesian origin and is generally spoken throughout the island. The numerous dialects of Malagasy, which are generally mutually intelligible, can be clustered under one of two subgroups: eastern Malagasy, spoken along the eastern forests and highlands including the Merina dialect of Antananarivo, and western Malagasy, spoken across the western coastal plains. French became the official language during the colonial period, when Madagascar came under the authority of France. In the first national Constitution of 1958, Malagasy and French were named the official languages of the Malagasy Republic. Madagascar is a francophone country, and French is mostly spoken as a second language among the educated population and used for international communication.No official languages were recorded in the Constitution of 1992, although Malagasy was identified as the national language. Nonetheless, many sources still claimed that Malagasy and French were official languages, eventually leading a citizen to initiate a legal case against the state in April 2000, on the grounds that the publication of official documents only in the French language was unconstitutional. The High Constitutional Court observed in its decision that, in the absence of a language law, French still had the character of an official language.In the Constitution of 2007, Malagasy remained the national language while official languages were reintroduced: Malagasy, French, and English. English was removed as an official language from the constitution approved by voters in the November 2010 referendum. The outcome of the referendum, and its consequences for official and national language policy, are not recognized by the political opposition, who cite lack of transparency and inclusiveness in the way the election was organized by the High Transitional Authority." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 Summer Olympics", + [ + "The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries. There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began. Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896, Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time (together with Paris, London and Los Angeles" + ] + ], + [ + "Swedish Sign Language", + [ + "Swedish Sign Language (\"Svenskt teckenspråk\" or SSL) is the sign language used in Sweden. It is recognized by the Swedish government as the country's official sign language, and hearing parents of deaf children are required to learn it. There are fewer than 10,000 speakers, making the language officially endangered." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean language", + [ + "The Korean language (South Korean: 한국어 / 韓國語 Hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말 / 朝鮮말 Chosŏnmal) is an East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people. It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of both Koreas: North Korea and South Korea, with different standardized official forms used in each territory. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin province, China. Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate; however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language (spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct) form the Koreanic language family. This implies that Korean is not an isolate, but a member of a micro-family. The idea that Korean belongs to the controversial Altaic language family is discredited in academic research. Korean is now often included in Paleosiberian, a group of ancient languages in Northeast Asia. Paleosiberian is not a language family per se, but a term of convenience for genetically unrelated languages that predate other regional language families such as Tungusic and Turkic. Korean is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__398232_326948_78782", + "question": "Who was the British general in the battle named after the birth city of the person who recorded Mother-in-Law?", + "answer": "General Edward Pakenham", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Battle of New Orleans", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law (song)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law Lounge", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Public holidays in Australia", + [ + "Christmas is observed on 25 December each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus. In Australia, it was introduced with British settlement in 1788 as the cultural norms were transferred to the new colonies. Though a Christian religious festival, it does not breach the constitution's separation of Church and State provision, because it is declared under State law, which is not subject to the provision." + ] + ], + [ + "Meredith Grey", + [ + "After Derek's death, Meredith returns to Grey Sloan Memorial to inform the others of his passing. Following the funeral service, Meredith impulsively packs up her belongings and leaves with the children to San Diego. Months pass by while her friends and family are unaware of her whereabouts. Eventually, parallels show similarities in Meredith's and Ellis' lives: Both have lost the love of their life, both run away from Seattle following their loss, and both eventually give birth to a daughter. Meredith names her newborn daughter after her mother. Although still grieving over Derek, Meredith returns to Seattle with the children and later becomes chief of general surgery. She sells the ``dream house ''and moves back to her mother's house, having purchased it back from Alex, and now lives there with Maggie and Amelia Shepherd, her sister - in - law." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Beauport", + [ + "The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War and the War of Conquest) of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Saintes", + [ + "The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), or Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9 April 1782 – 12 April 1782, during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Bunker Hill", + [ + "The battle was a tactical, though somewhat Pyrrhic victory for the British, as it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Monongahela", + [ + "The Battle of the Monongahela (also known as the Battle of Braddock's Field and the Battle of the Wilderness) took place on 9 July 1755, at the beginning of the French and Indian War, at Braddock's Field in what is now Braddock, Pennsylvania, east of Pittsburgh. A British force under General Edward Braddock, moving to take Fort Duquesne, was defeated by a force of French and Canadian troops under Captain Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu with its American Indian allies." + ] + ], + [ + "Childbirth", + [ + "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Bunker Hill", + [ + "The battle was a tactical victory for the British, but it proved to be a sobering experience for them, involving many more casualties than the Americans had incurred, including a large number of officers. The battle had demonstrated that inexperienced militia were able to stand up to regular army troops in battle. Subsequently, the battle discouraged the British from any further frontal attacks against well defended front lines. American casualties were comparatively much fewer, although their losses included General Joseph Warren and Major Andrew McClary, the final casualty of the battle." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of New Orleans", + [ + "The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase." + ] + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law (song)", + [ + "\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Panos Kolokotronis", + [ + "Panos Kolokotronis () was the eldest son of the Greek General Theodoros Kolokotronis and his mother was Aikaterini Karousou (). He was born on the island of Zakynthos in 1800, while his father was serving there as a Major in the British Infantry. He fought along with his father in the Greek War of Independence and distinguished himself in many battles." + ] + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law Lounge", + [ + "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Porto Praya", + [ + "The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Bay of Biscay", + [ + "The Battle of the Bay of Biscay was a naval action that took place on 28 December 1943 during World War II as part of the Atlantic campaign. The battle took place in the Bay of Biscay between two light cruisers of the British Royal Navy, and a destroyer and a torpedo boat flotilla of the German Kriegsmarine hoping to intercept and escort a blockade runner. The battle was fought as part of the Allied Operation Stonewall which was to intercept German blockade runners off the west coast of France. In the confused action that followed the two British cruisers HMS \"Enterprise\" and HMS \"Glasgow\" respectively sank \"T26\", together with her sister ship \"T25\" and the destroyer \"Z27\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Alexandria", + [ + "The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercromby, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March." + ] + ], + [ + "The Prince of Egypt", + [ + "Ofra Haza as Yocheved, the mother of Miriam and Aaron and birth mother of Moses. She also sang her character's number, ``Deliver Us '', in seventeen other languages for the film's dubbing)" + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Dunkirk", + [ + "The Battle of Dunkirk was a military operation that took place in Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France, during the Second World War. The battle was fought between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940." + ] + ], + [ + "British nationality law", + [ + "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption" + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Balanjar (650s)", + [ + "The Battle of Balanjar was a battle that took place during the First Khazar-Arab War between the armies of the Khazar Khaganate and the Caliphate, whose commanding general was Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Alto de los Godos", + [ + "The Battle of Alto de los Godos was a battle that took place on 25 May 1813 in Maturín, Venezuela, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada. It resulted in a patriot victory against the forces of Spanish general Domingo de Monteverde." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__258940_135844", + "question": "Who is the city where Lesnoye Sanatorium is located named after?", + "answer": "Palmiro Togliatti", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Tolyatti", + 0 + ], + [ + "Lesnoye Sanatorium", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "French Algeria", + [ + "Shortly after Louis Philippe's constitutional monarchy was overthrown in the revolution of 1848, the new government of the Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared in the 1848 Constitution the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three civil territories -- Alger, Oran, and Constantine -- were organized as Departments of France (local administrative units) under a civilian government. This made them a part of France proper as opposed to a colony. For the first time, French citizens in the civil territories elected their own councils and mayors; Muslims had to be appointed, could not hold more than one - third of council seats, and could not serve as mayors or assistant mayors. The administration of territories outside the zones settled by colons remained under the French Army. Local Muslim administration was allowed to continue under the supervision of French Army commanders, charged with maintaining order in newly pacified regions, and the bureaux arabes. Theoretically, these areas were closed to European colonization." + ] + ], + [ + "Adolf Just", + [ + "Adolf Just (born 8 August 1859, Lüthorst near Dassel, Kingdom of Hanover; died 20 January 1936, Blankenburg (Harz)) was a German naturopath. He was the founder of the sanatorium Jungborn in Eckertal (resin)." + ] + ], + [ + "Miyako Nanseien Sanatorium", + [ + "Miyako Nanseien Sanatorium, (National Sanatorium Miyako Nanseien) is a sanatorium for leprosy and ex-leprosy patients at Miyakojima, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, starting in 1931." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Africa", + [ + "In the late 19th century, the European imperial powers engaged in a major territorial scramble and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial territories, and leaving only two fully independent states: Ethiopia (known to Europeans as ``Abyssinia ''), and Liberia. Egypt and Sudan were never formally incorporated into any European colonial empire; however, after the British occupation of 1882, Egypt was effectively under British administration until 1922." + ] + ], + [ + "Sikyona", + [ + "Sikyona () is a municipality in Corinthia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is in Kiato. Sikyona takes its name from the ancient city Sicyon, which was located in the same territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Tolyatti", + [ + "The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party)." + ] + ], + [ + "Kis-Küküllő County", + [ + "Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was \"Dicsőszentmárton\" (now Târnăveni)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Ceres Nunataks", + [ + "The Ceres Nunataks () are a group of three nunataks located immediately east of the base of Shostakovich Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica. They were mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Ceres, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter." + ] + ], + [ + "Holt, Australian Capital Territory", + [ + "Holt (postcode: 2615) is a suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It was gazetted on 2 July 1970 and was named after Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia 1966-67. Streets are named after sportsmen and sportswomen." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Lac-Matapédia, Quebec", + [ + "Lac-Matapédia is an unorganized territory in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. It is named after and located on the northern shores of Lake Matapedia in the Matapédia Valley." + ] + ], + [ + "Gera (woreda)", + [ + "Gera is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the former Kingdom of Gera, whose territory was approximately the same as the modern woreda. Part of the Jimma Zone, Gera is bordered on the south by the Gojeb River which separates it from the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the northwest by Sigmo, on the north by Setema, on the northeast by Gomma, and on the east by Seka Chekorsa. The administrative center of this woreda is Chira; other towns in Gera include Cheriko and Dusta." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Lesnoye Sanatorium", + [ + "Lesnoye Sanatorium () is the oldest medical institution in the city of Tolyatti, Russia. Its main focus is tuberculosis treatment." + ] + ], + [ + "Razgrad Municipality", + [ + "Razgrad Municipality () is a municipality (\"obshtina\") in Razgrad Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located in the Ludogorie geographical region part of the Danubian Plain. It is named after its administrative centre - the city of Razgrad which is also the capital of the province." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "Italian Eritrea", + [ + "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__20536_96912", + "question": "Who gives out the award named after the person who argued that colonies were redundant?", + "answer": "University of Cambridge", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "British Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Adam Smith Prize", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Nobel Prize", + [ + "Except for the Peace Prize, the Nobel Prizes are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, at the annual Prize Award Ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The recipients' lectures are normally held in the days prior to the award ceremony. The Peace Prize and its recipients' lectures are presented at the annual Prize Award Ceremony in Oslo, Norway, usually on 10 December. The award ceremonies and the associated banquets are typically major international events. The Prizes awarded in Sweden's ceremonies' are held at the Stockholm Concert Hall, with the Nobel banquet following immediately at Stockholm City Hall. The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony has been held at the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905 -- 1946), at the auditorium of the University of Oslo (1947 -- 1989), and at Oslo City Hall (1990 -- present)." + ] + ], + [ + "Berwick Prize", + [ + "The Berwick Prize and Senior Berwick Prize are two prizes of the London Mathematical Society awarded in alternating years in memory of William Edward Hodgson Berwick, a previous Vice-President of the LMS. Berwick left some money to be given to the society to establish two prizes. His widow Daisy May Berwick gave the society the money and the society established the prizes, with the first Senior Berwick Prize being presented in 1946 and the first Junior Berwick Prize the following year. The prizes are awarded \"in recognition of an outstanding piece of mathematical research ... published by the Society\" in the eight years before the year of the award." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry", + [ + "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van' t Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success." + ] + ], + [ + "Lilienfeld Prize", + [ + "The Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society, to remember Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, has been awarded annually, since 1989. (It was not awarded in 2002). The purpose of the Prize is to recognize outstanding contributions to physics." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates", + [ + "The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) ``to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses. ''It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant; the prize was most recently awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons in 2017. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, Passy and Dunant shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor, which was equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008. The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three - time recipient) rather than an individual." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston Tea Party", + [ + "The Tea Act retained the three pence Townshend duty on tea imported to the colonies. Some members of Parliament wanted to eliminate this tax, arguing that there was no reason to provoke another colonial controversy. Former Chancellor of the Exchequer William Dowdeswell, for example, warned Lord North that the Americans would not accept the tea if the Townshend duty remained. But North did not want to give up the revenue from the Townshend tax, primarily because it was used to pay the salaries of colonial officials; maintaining the right of taxing the Americans was a secondary concern. According to historian Benjamin Labaree, ``A stubborn Lord North had unwittingly hammered a nail in the coffin of the old British Empire. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Karl Jaspers Prize", + [ + "The Karl Jaspers Prize or Karl-Jaspers-Preis is a German philosophy award named after Karl Jaspers and awarded by the city of Heidelberg and the University of Heidelberg. It was first awarded in 1983 \"for a scientific work of international significance supported by philosophical spirit\". The Karl Jaspers Prize was initially endowed with 5,000 euros, though since 2013 this has increased to €25,000. Next to the Friedrich Nietzsche Prize it is one of the highest awards in Germany awarded exclusively for philosophical achievements." + ] + ], + [ + "Adam Smith Prize", + [ + "The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice." + ] + ], + [ + "Fröhlich Prize", + [ + "The Fröhlich Prize of the London Mathematical Society is awarded in even numbered years in memory of Albrecht Fröhlich. The prize is awarded for original and extremely innovative work in any branch of mathematics. According to the regulations the prize is awarded \"to a mathematician who has fewer than 25 years (full time equivalent) of involvement in mathematics at post-doctoral level, allowing for breaks in continuity, or who in the opinion of the Prizes Committee is at an equivalent stage in their career.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Booktrust Teenage Prize", + [ + "The Booktrust Teenage Prize was an annual award given to young adult literature published in the UK. The prize was administered by Book Trust, an independent charity which promotes books and reading. The Booktrust Teenage Prize was last awarded in 2010 and is no longer running." + ] + ], + [ + "Faraday Lectureship Prize", + [ + "The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for \"exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry\". Named after Michael Faraday, the first Faraday Lecture was given in 1869, two years after Faraday's death, by Jean-Baptiste Dumas. As of 2009, the prize was worth £5000, with the recipient also receiving a medal and a certificate. As the name suggests, the recipient also gives a public lecture describing his or her work." + ] + ], + [ + "Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize", + [ + "The Michael Faraday Medal and Prize is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Physics in experimental physics, one of the Institute's Gold medals. The award is made \"for outstanding and sustained contributions to experimental physics.\" The medal is gold and accompanied by a prize of £1000 and a certificate." + ] + ], + [ + "Tycho Brahe Prize", + [ + "The Tycho Brahe Prize is awarded by the European Astronomical Society. Inaugurated in 2008, the prize is awarded annually in recognition of the pioneering development or exploitation of European astronomical instrumentation, or major discoveries based largely on such instruments." + ] + ], + [ + "James F. Brooks", + [ + "James F. Brooks (born 1955) is an American historian whose work on slavery, captivity and kinship in the Southwest Borderlands was honored with major national history awards: the Bancroft Prize, Francis Parkman Prize, the Frederick Jackson Turner Award and the Frederick Douglass Prize (second prize). He is Professor of History and Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara and editor of the journal \"The Public Historian\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Kavli Prize", + [ + "The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 through a joint venture between the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and The Kavli Foundation. The main objective for the Prize is to honor, support and recognize scientists for outstanding scientific work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience and award three international prizes every second year. The Kavli Prize was awarded the first time in Oslo, 9 September 2008. The Prizes were presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US $1,000,000." + ] + ], + [ + "List of black Nobel laureates", + [ + "Blacks have received awards in three of six award categories: eleven in Peace, three in Literature, and one in Economics. The first black recipient, American Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1950. The most recent as of 2017, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded their Peace Prizes in 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "3rd Berlin International Film Festival", + [ + "The 3rd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 18 to 28 June 1953. This year's festival did not give any official jury prizes, instead awards were given by audience voting. This continued until the FIAPF granted Berlin \"A-Status\" in 1956." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Nobel laureates", + [ + "Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other. UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911." + ] + ], + [ + "The Grapes of Wrath", + [ + "The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__257831_123283", + "question": "Where did the producer of Julius Caesar study or work?", + "answer": "Clifton College", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "John Houseman", + 0 + ], + [ + "Julius Caesar (1953 film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Assassination of Julius Caesar", + [ + "The assassination of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Julius Caesar to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic, having recently been declared dictator perpetuo by the Senate of the Roman Republic. This declaration made several senators fear that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favor of tyranny. The conspirators were unable to restore the Roman Republic, and the ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators' civil war and ultimately to the Principate period of the Roman Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey. Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the First Triumvirate. Under the agreement, Pompey's arrangements would be ratified. Caesar would be elected consul in 59 BC, and would then serve as governor of Gaul for five years. Crassus was promised a future consulship." + ] + ], + [ + "Copper", + [ + "The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus Augustus Caesar's coins were made from Cu-Pb-Sn alloys. With an estimated annual output of around 15,000 t, Roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the Industrial Revolution; the provinces most intensely mined were those of Hispania, Cyprus and in Central Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Et tu, Brute?", + [ + "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``even you, Brutus? ''It is notable for its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is spoken by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Junius Brutus at the moment of Caesar's assassination. The first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier Elizabethan plays; Henry VI, Part 3 by Shakespeare, and an even earlier play, Caesar Interfectus, by Richard Eedes. The phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend." + ] + ], + [ + "Ides of March", + [ + "The Ides of March (Latin: Idus Martiae, Late Latin: Idus Martii) is a day on the Roman calendar that corresponds to 15 March. It was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the Romans as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history." + ] + ], + [ + "Et tu, Brute?", + [ + "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``even you, Brutus? '', made famous by its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is uttered by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. The Latin expression first occurs in Elizabethan literary texts. The quotation is widely used in the English - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend." + ] + ], + [ + "Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna)", + [ + "The Triumphs of Caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the Gonzaga Ducal Palace, Mantua. They depict a triumphal military parade celebrating the victory of Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars. Acknowledged from the time of Mantegna as his greatest masterpiece, they remain the most complete pictorial representation of a Roman triumph ever attempted and together they form the world's largest metric area of Italian Renaissance paintings outside Italy. Acquired by Charles I in 1629, they now form part of the Royal Collection at Hampton Court Palace near London, where they occupy a special gallery, with a new continuous frame intended to capture their original setting, mounted into panelling." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Philippi", + [ + "The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, but the underlying cause was a long - brewing conflict between the so - called Optimates and the so - called Populares." + ] + ], + [ + "Indutiomarus", + [ + "Indutiomarus (died 53 BCE) was a leading aristocrat of the Treveri (the people of the area around present-day Trier) at the time of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul. He was the head of the anti-Roman party and the political rival of his pro-Roman son-in-law Cingetorix for \"supreme power\" in the state." + ] + ], + [ + "Edmund Burke", + [ + "On 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a \"history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne\", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words. It was to be submitted for publication by Christmas 1758. Burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped; it was not published until after Burke's death, being included in an 1812 collection of his works, entitled An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History. G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was \"demonstrably a translation from the French\". Lord Acton, on commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his, said \"it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Caesar Must Die", + [ + "Caesar Must Die () is a 2012 Italian drama film directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani. The film competed at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Golden Bear. The film is set in Rebibbia Prison (suburb of Rome), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of \"Julius Caesar\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Ferdinand Leitner", + [ + "Ferdinand Leitner (4 March 1912 in Berlin – 3 June 1996 in Zürich) was a German conductor. Leitner studied under Franz Schreker, Julius Prüwer, Artur Schnabel and Karl Muck." + ] + ], + [ + "Et tu, Brute?", + [ + "Et tu, Brute? (pronounced (ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ)) is a Latin phrase meaning ``and you, Brutus? '', made famous by its occurrence in William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, where it is uttered by the Roman dictator Julius Caesar to his friend Marcus Brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. The Latin expression first occurs in Elizabethan literary texts. The quotation is widely used in the English - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend." + ] + ], + [ + "Julia the Younger", + [ + "Julia the Younger was not a member of the Julian gens by birth: being the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa made her a \"Vipsania Agrippina\" by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. She came to belong to the household of the Julio-Claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather Augustus. Further, Augustus adopted Tiberius as his son (and heir), while Tiberius was remarried to Julia the Elder. Augustus became something of a \"paternal\" grandfather to Julia the Elder's children, too, including Julia the Younger. A \"formal\" adoption \"in the family of the Caesars\" among the offspring of Agrippa and Julia the Elder is however only recorded regarding Vipsania Julia's brothers Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa—hence Gaius Julius Caesar—and Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa—hence Lucius Julius Caesar. Her younger sister Agrippina the Elder and youngest full brother, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus, were named after their natural father only until Agrippa Postumus was adopted by Augustus as \"Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus\". Likewise, her eldest half-sisters, Vipsania Agrippina and Vipsania Marcella, were named after their father. Her younger half-brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed \"Tiberillus,\" after his father Tiberius, and died young." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC." + ] + ], + [ + "Hamnet Shakespeare", + [ + "Hamnet Shakespeare (baptised 2 February 1585 – buried 11 August 1596) was the only son of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway, and the fraternal twin of Judith Shakespeare. He died at the age of 11. Some Shakespearean scholars speculate on the relationship between Hamnet and his father's later play \"Hamlet\", as well as on possible connections between Hamnet's death and the writing of \"King John\", \"Romeo and Juliet\", \"Julius Caesar\", and \"Twelfth Night\"." + ] + ], + [ + "The dogs of war (phrase)", + [ + "In English, the dogs of war is a phrase spoken by Mark Antony in Act 3, Scene 1, line 273 of William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar: ``Cry 'Havoc!', and let slip the dogs of war ''." + ] + ], + [ + "John Houseman", + [ + "Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943." + ] + ], + [ + "Julius Caesar (1953 film)", + [ + "Julius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by John Houseman. The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa. The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__160230_470287_345497_72134", + "question": "When did the death city of Taito Kantonen become the capital of the US state having the statue being the title of the various Latin Mother goddess?", + "answer": "1839", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Alma mater", + 0 + ], + [ + "Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + 0 + ], + [ + "Taito Kantonen", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Alma mater", + [ + "Before its current usage, alma mater was an honorific title for various Latin mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and later in Catholicism for the Virgin Mary. It entered academic usage when the University of Bologna adopted the motto Alma Mater Studiorum (\"nurturing mother of studies\"), which describes its heritage as the oldest operating university in the Western world. It is related to alumnus, a term used for a university graduate that literally means a \"nursling\" or \"one who is nourished\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta", + [ + "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Naas River", + [ + "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Cap of invisibility", + [ + "In classical mythology, the Cap of Invisibility (Ἅϊδος κυνέην (H) aïdos kuneēn in Greek, lit. dog - skin of Hades) is a helmet or cap that can turn the wearer invisible. It is also known as the Cap of Hades, Helm of Hades, or Helm of Darkness. Wearers of the cap in Greek myths include Athena, the goddess of wisdom, the messenger god Hermes, and the hero Perseus. The Cap of Invisibility enables the user to become invisible to other supernatural entities, functioning much like the cloud of mist that the gods surround themselves in to become undetectable." + ] + ], + [ + "Kis-Küküllő County", + [ + "Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was \"Dicsőszentmárton\" (now Târnăveni)." + ] + ], + [ + "Darial, Pakistan", + [ + "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 23' 35N 73° 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Blair", + [ + "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Alma Mater (Illinois sculpture)", + [ + "The Alma Mater is a bronze statue by sculptor Lorado Taft, a beloved symbol of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The 10,000-pound statue depicts a mother-figure wearing academic robes and flanked by two attendant figures representing \"Learning\" and \"Labor\", after the University's motto \"Learning and Labor.\" Sited at the corner of Green and Wright Streets at the heart of the campus, the statue is an iconic figure for the university and a popular backdrop for student graduation photos. It is appreciated for its romantic, heraldic overtones and warmth of pose. The statue was removed from its site at the entrance to the university for restoration in 2012 and was returned to its site in the spring of 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Bann Na Mohra", + [ + "Bann Na Mohra is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 27' 50N 73° 22' 10E with an altitude of 562 metres (1847 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Dione (mythology)", + [ + "Dione (; \"Dios\" \"She-Zeus\" or \"dios\" \"divine one\") is the name of four women in ancient Greek mythology, and one in the Phoenician religion described in the \"Sanchuniathon\". \"Dione\" is translated as \"Goddess\", and given the same etymological derivation as the names \"Zeus\", \"Diana\", et al. Very little information exists about these nymphs or goddesses, although at least one is described as beautiful and is sometimes associated with water or the sea. Perhaps this same one was worshiped as a mother goddess who presided over the oracle at Dodona, Greece and was called the mother of Aphrodite." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Union territory", + [ + "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana." + ] + ], + [ + "One-to-many (data model)", + [ + "In systems analysis, a one - to - many relationship is a type of cardinality that refers to the relationship between two entities (see also entity -- relationship model) A and B in which an element of A may be linked to many elements of B, but a member of B is linked to only one element of A. For instance, think of A as mothers, and B as children. A mother can have several children, but a child can have only one biological mother." + ] + ], + [ + "Ramakrishna", + [ + "In 1855 Ramkumar was appointed as the priest of Dakshineswar Kali Temple, built by Rani Rashmoni—a rich woman of Kolkata who belonged to the kaivarta community. Ramakrishna, along with his nephew Hriday, became assistants to Ramkumar, with Ramakrishna given the task of decorating the deity. When Ramkumar died in 1856, Ramakrishna took his place as the priest of the Kali temple.After Ramkumar's death Ramakrishna became more contemplative. He began to look upon the image of the goddess Kali as his mother and the mother of the universe. Ramakrishna reportedly had a vision of the goddess Kali as the universal Mother, which he described as \"... houses, doors, temples and everything else vanished altogether; as if there was nothing anywhere! And what I saw was an infinite shoreless sea of light; a sea that was consciousness. However far and in whatever direction I looked, I saw shining waves, one after another, coming towards me.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Koothanur", + [ + "Koothanur is a town situated in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The town is located at a distance of 25 kilometres from Tiruvarur. A temple for Saraswati, the Hindu goddess of learning is situated in this place. Koothanur is the only temple in Tamil Nadu for the goddess Saraswati. Saraswati is considered as the goddess of knowledge so people believe that if they worship this deity they will become good in knowledge." + ] + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + [ + "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m)." + ] + ], + [ + "Angwantibo", + [ + "The males mate with all available females whose territory overlaps with theirs. Copulation takes place hanging onto a branch. Gestation lasts 130 days and births are of a single offspring. The juvenile clasps itself first to the belly of the mother and later she may park her offspring on a branch while she goes searching for food. Within three to four months the young are weaned, at about six months it leaves its mother, and at an age of eight to ten months it becomes fully mature. The life expectancy of angwantibos is at most 13 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Taito Kantonen", + [ + "Taito A. Kantonen (24 April 1900 in Karstula, Finland – 26 April 1993 in Springfield, Ohio, United States) was a theologian. At the age of 3 he moved to the United States, where he later attended Harvard University and received a degree in theology. He wrote many books including \"Man in the Eyes of God\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__222497_737465_93723", + "question": "Who played Spyder, from the \"Once Upon a Time\" film set in the place of death of the composer of Al gran sole carico d'amore?", + "answer": "Jason Momoa", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore", + 0 + ], + [ + "Alessandro Zezzos", + 0 + ], + [ + "Once Upon a Time in Venice", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Mezzanotte d'amore", + [ + "Mezzanotte d'amore (Italian for \"Midnight of love\") is a 1970 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti and starring Al Bano and Romina Power. It is the sequel of \"Il suo nome è Donna Rosa\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Nicholas II of Niemodlin", + [ + "Nicholas II of Niemodlin (; – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death." + ] + ], + [ + "Louis van Waefelghem", + [ + "Louis van Waefelghem (13 January 1840 in Bruges – 19 June 1908 in Paris) was a Belgian violinist, violist and one of the greatest viola d'amore players of the 19th century. He also composed several works and made transcriptions for viola and viola d'amore." + ] + ], + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore", + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s." + ] + ], + [ + "2011 Al Hillah bombing", + [ + "The 2011 Al Hillah bombing was an attack that took place in the city of Hillah on the 5 May 2011. A suicide bomber detonated a car full of explosives at a local police station, killing 24 recruits and injuring at least 72 more. A few days after the explosion the Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for it, saying it was revenge for the death of Osama Bin Laden on 2 May 2011. The insurgents apparently scouted the police HQ for some time before attacking during peak hours when more than 200 people were inside the building." + ] + ], + [ + "Alessandro Zezzos", + [ + "He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\"." + ] + ], + [ + "1960 Valdivia earthquake", + [ + "The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4 -- 9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19: 11 GMT, 15: 11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia and the Aleutian Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole", + [ + "Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole (10 December 1654 – 22 July 1719) was an Italian painter and engraver from Bologna, active in the late-Baroque period. Upon the death of Carlo Cignani, Gioseffo dal Sole became among the most prominent painters in Bologna, described as the \"Guido Moderno\"." + ] + ], + [ + "An-Nasir Dawud", + [ + "An-Nasir Dawud was the son of Al-Mu'azzam, the Ayyubid Sultan of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. On his father's death, An-Nasir succeeded, but soon faced opposition from his uncle, Al-Kamil of Egypt, who made war on him, conquering Jerusalem and Nablus. An-Nasir appealed for help to his other uncle, Al-Ashraf, ruler of Harran. Al-Ashraf, however, betrayed his nephew, coming to an agreement with Al-Kamil to divide An-Nasir's lands between them - Al-Ashraf would take Damascus and the north, while Al-Kamil took control of Palestine." + ] + ], + [ + "Liam Garrigan", + [ + "Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series Holby City. He is best known for his roles as Ian Al - Harazi on the Fox series 24: Live Another Day and King Arthur in the ABC series Once Upon a Time and Transformers: The Last Knight." + ] + ], + [ + "Athanasius of Alexandria", + [ + "After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a \"golden decade\" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relating to his exiles and returns from exile in the Apology Against the Arians. However, upon Constans's death in 350, another civil war broke out, which left pro-Arian Constantius as sole emperor. An Alexandria local council in 350 replaced (or reaffirmed) Athanasius in his see." + ] + ], + [ + "Death of a Composer", + [ + "The Death of a Composer is a series of ten opera libretti by Peter Greenaway dealing with the deaths of ten 20th-century composers from Anton Webern to John Lennon. All ten composers left behind ten common clues related to their deaths. Greenaway was interested in this commonality and explored this in the operas, each written or to be written by a different composer. Louis Andriessen finished \"Rosa - A Horse Drama\" in 1995. Geoffrey Fallthius is a fictional character from Greenaway's \"The Falls\", a pupil of Tulse Luper. Indeed, aside from Webern and Lennon, all of the composers are fictitious." + ] + ], + [ + "I'm Still in Love with You (Al Green album)", + [ + "I'm Still in Love with You is the fifth studio album by the American gospel and soul singer Al Green, released on October 23, 1972, on Hi Records. Recording sessions took place during 1972. The album was produced solely by Willie Mitchell. The album peaked at number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and produced four singles: \"Love and Happiness\" which was rated ninety-eight on \"Rolling Stones\"'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time as well as \"I'm Still in Love with You\" and \"Look What You Done for Me\" which were top five hits on the US Pop Chart. In 2003, the album was ranked number 285 on the 500 greatest albums of all time by \"Rolling Stone\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Grans Brewery", + [ + "The Grans Brewery (Grans Bryggeri AS) is a brewery founded in 1899 in Sandefjord, Norway. The bane was \"Sandefjord Bryggeri og Mineralvandfabrik A/S\" until 1965. After two generations of Guttorm Gran (senior and junior) in the management, Trygve Christophersen was employed as CEO in 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "SPYDER", + [ + "The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an Israeli short and medium range mobile air defence system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems with assistance from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). Rafael is the prime contractor and IAI is the major subcontractor for the SPYDER program. This system achieved a notable milestone in 2005 when missiles were fired against test targets in Shdema, Israel and scored direct hits. Since then, it has been showcased in multiple military exhibitions throughout the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenia", + [ + "Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16). This figure, however, accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916. The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at \"more than a million\". The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Once Upon a Time in Venice", + [ + "Bruce Willis as Steve Ford, a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang. Jason Momoa as Spyder, a drug lord who forces Steve to do some jobs for the safety of his dog. John Goodman as Dave Phillips, Steve's best friend. Thomas Middleditch as John, an assistant in his operation to Steve. Famke Janssen as Katey Ford, Steve's sister - in - law. Adam Goldberg as Lou the Jew, a real estate developer Elisabeth Röhm as Anne Phillips, Dave's ex Stephanie Sigman as Lupe, Spyder's girlfriend. Wood Harris as Prince Christopher McDonald as Mr. Carter Adrian Martinez as Tino, the owner of a local pizza store who wants to help Steve. Kal Penn as Rajeesh, a grocery store clerk. Ken Davitian as Yuri Victor Ortiz as Chewy Emily Robinson as Taylor Ralph Garman as Bum Ron Funches as Mocha Jessica Gomes as Nola" + ] + ], + [ + "Pedro Ferrero", + [ + "Pedro Ferrero (born 21 March 1939) is a sailor from Argentina. Ferrero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Ferrero took 22nd place in the Soling with Ricardo Boneo as helmsman and Héctor Campos as fellow crew member. Ferrero second appearance was during the 1976 Summer Olympics in Kingston. Ferrero took 20th place in the Soling as helmsman with Andrés Robinson and Jorge Rão as fellow crew members. In the 1984 Summer Olympics in Long Beach, California, Ferrero took 13th place in the Soling as helmsman with Alberto Llorens and Carlos Sanguinetti as fellow crew members. Ferrero his final Olympic appearance came at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Pusan, Ferrero took 9th place in the Soling with Santiago Lange as helmsman and Raúl Lena as fellow crew member." + ] + ], + [ + "Pub", + [ + "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu’u II, one of the four highest-ranking paramount chiefs in the country, became Samoa's first Prime Minister. Two other paramount chiefs at the time of independence were appointed joint heads of state for life. Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole died in 1963, leaving Malietoa Tanumafili II sole head of state until his death on 11 May 2007, upon which Samoa changed from a constitutional monarchy to a parliamentary republic de facto. The next Head of State, Tuiatua Tupua Tamasese Efi, was elected by the legislature on 17 June 2007 for a fixed five-year term, and was re-elected unopposed in July 2012." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__569322_467331_162182", + "question": "In what region of the country of S-Fone is the location of the administrative territorial entity of Zone 5 Military Museum located?", + "answer": "South Central Coast", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + 0 + ], + [ + "S-Fone", + 0 + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + [ + "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Bessonne", + [ + "The Zec de la Bessonne is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting area) (ZEC) near La Tuque in administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. A territory of was assigned in 1978 to the Zec." + ] + ], + [ + "Impression 5 Science Center", + [ + "The Impression 5 Science Center, is a science museum located in downtown Lansing, Michigan. Formerly known as the \"Impression 5 Museum\", the center is located in a historic wagon works factory on the Grand River. The name, \"Impression 5\", refers to the five senses." + ] + ], + [ + "Bike, Ethiopia", + [ + "Bike () is a town in central Ethiopia of the Somali Region in the Shinile Zone. It is located 72 km west of Shinile. The town is located on the main railway between Djibouti City and Addis Ababa." + ] + ], + [ + "S-Fone", + [ + "S-Fone is a mobile communication operator in Vietnam that uses the CDMA technology. Founded on 1 July 2003 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, S-fone became the third network of Vietnam, breaking the duopoly of the two VNPT operators. It is the trademark of S-Telecom (CDMA Mobile Phone Centre) (set up as a joint venture between Saigon Postel Corp. (SPT) and Korea SK Telecom). SK Telecom decided to leave the partnership in 2010. SPT has since then found it difficult to find a new partner, after a co-operation with Saigon Tel failed." + ] + ], + [ + "Forlanini (district of Milan)", + [ + "Forlanini is a district (\"quartiere\") of Milan, Italy. It is part of the Zone 4 administrative division, located east of the city centre." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeju (woreda)", + [ + "Jeju is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Jeju is bordered by Dodotana Sire to the west, the Misraq Shewa Zone to the north, Merti to the east, and Sude to the south. Its administrative centre is Arboye, located 168 kilometres southeast of Addis Ababa. Other towns in this woreda include Bolo." + ] + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + [ + "The Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Berhale (woreda)", + [ + "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora." + ] + ], + [ + "Mankush", + [ + "Mankush is a town in western Ethiopia. Located in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Mankush is the largest settlement in Guba woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", + [ + "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic" + ] + ], + [ + "Menz Keya Gebreal", + [ + "Menz Keya Gebreal is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone, Menz Keya Gebreal is bordered on the southeast by Menz Lalo Midir, on the southwest by the Jamma River which separated it from Moretna Jiru, on the west by Merhabiete, on the northwest by the Qechene River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the northeast by Menz Gera Midir. The administrative center of this woreda is Zemero. Menz Keya Gebreal was part of the former Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Trinité", + [ + "The ZEC Trinity is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the municipality of the town of Baie-Trinité, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord (North Shore), in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Lindhorst railway station", + [ + "Lindhorst is a railway station located in Lindhorst, Germany. The station is located on the Hannover to Minden railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn as part of the Hanover S-Bahn. Lindhorst is served by the S1. It is in the \"Region\" zone of Hannover. For Information see www.gvh.de" + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Jeannotte, Québec", + [ + "The ZEC Jeannotte is a zone d'exploitation contrôlée (Controlled harvesting area), located in Lac-Édouard, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle", + [ + "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Said Governorate", + [ + "Port Said Governorate ( \"\") is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal, making it the second most important harbor in Egypt. Its capital is the city of Port Said, and is the home of the Suez Canal Authority historical administrative building and the Lighthouse of Port Said." + ] + ], + [ + "Kersa, Arsi", + [ + "Kersa is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2784 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Munesa woreda." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__145194_160545_34751", + "question": "What year did the country where Siddhi Savetsila was born form an alliance with Japan?", + "answer": "1941", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Bang Bon District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pacific War", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Llanberis F.C.", + [ + "Llanberis F.C. () are a Welsh football club currently playing in the Welsh Alliance League Division 1. Their ground is located in the centre of the village. Their nickname is Y Darans." + ] + ], + [ + "Nobukazu Hirai", + [ + "Nobukazu Hirai (born December 30, 1969) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently competing in All Japan Pro Wrestling as Super Hate. He is the son of former Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance wrestler Mitsu Hirai." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners." + ] + ], + [ + "Bang Bon District", + [ + "Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok." + ] + ], + [ + "Modern history", + [ + "The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the three powers, supplemented by various agreements with Japan, the United States, and Spain, constituted a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, the third having concluded an additional secret agreement with France effectively nullifying her Alliance commitments. Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism played major roles in the conflict. The immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914, the spark (or casus belli) for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria." + ] + ], + [ + "Jewish Workers Bund in Poland", + [ + "The Jewish Workers Bund in Poland was a short-lived alliance formed in January 1897, formed by the Jewish section of the Polish Socialist Party (consisting of ex-yeshiva students) and the Vilna-based Jewish Social Democratic group (which since the summer of 1895 had sent agitators to Warsaw, including John Mill, to establish their movement there). But the alliance soon fell apart, as the PPS Jewish section accused the Jewish Social Democrats of indifference to the Polish national question. The Jewish Social Democrats founded the General Jewish Labour Bund later the same year." + ] + ], + [ + "Atma Siddhi", + [ + "Atma Siddhi () is a spiritual treatise in verse, composed in Gujarati by the nineteenth century Jain mystic poet Shrimad Rajchandra (1867–1901 C.E.). Atma according to Jainism means \"soul\" or the \"self\" and \"siddhi\" means \"attainment\". Hence, \"Atma Siddhi\" is translated as \"self attainment\" or \"self realization\". It is a composition of 142 verses in Gujarati, explaining the fundamental philosophical truths about the soul and its liberation. It propounds six fundamental truths on soul which are also known as \"satapada\" (six steps)." + ] + ], + [ + "Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology", + [ + "The is an interdisciplinary graduate school located in Onna, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The school offers a 5-year PhD program in Science. Over half of the faculty and students are recruited from outside Japan, and all education and research is conducted entirely in English." + ] + ], + [ + "Phillida Bunkle", + [ + "Phillida Bunkle (born 1944) is a former New Zealand politician. She represented the Alliance in Parliament from to 2002, when she retired. Bunkle was for many years a lecturer at Victoria University." + ] + ], + [ + "Great power", + [ + "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila", + [ + "Siddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He comes from an aristocratic background. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn). His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family, the daughter of Thet Bunnag (later Chao Phraya Suraphan Phisut), making him a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse." + ] + ], + [ + "Southern Football League", + [ + "For the 1979–80 season, thirteen Premier Division clubs joined the newly formed Alliance Premier League. The Premier Division and Division One were subsequently merged, and two regional divisions formed." + ] + ], + [ + "Pacific War", + [ + "In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence." + ] + ], + [ + "Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance", + [ + "Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance is an alliance of eight prestigious universities located in east China. It was established in 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Pacific War", + [ + "The Axis states which assisted Japan included the authoritarian government of Thailand in World War II, which quickly formed a temporary alliance with the Japanese in 1941, as the Japanese forces were already invading the peninsula of southern Thailand. The Phayap Army sent troops to invade and occupy northeastern Burma, which was former Thai territory that had been annexed by Britain much earlier. Also involved were the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and Mengjiang (consisting of most of Manchuria and parts of Inner Mongolia respectively), and the collaborationist Wang Jingwei regime (which controlled the coastal regions of China)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gregg Groothuis", + [ + "Gregg Groothuis (born May 1, 1970) is an American professional wrestler, known by his stage name Jack Bull, who competed in North American independent promotions including Impact Zone Wrestling, the National Wrestling Alliance and Ultimate Pro Wrestling as well as Japanese promotions HUSTLE, New Japan Pro Wrestling and Pro Wrestling ZERO1." + ] + ], + [ + "Samurai", + [ + "Originally the Emperor and non-warrior nobility employed these warrior nobles. In time, they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai-dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a distant relative of the Emperor and a lesser member of either the Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans. Though originally sent to provincial areas for a fixed four-year term as a magistrate, the toryo declined to return to the capital when their terms ended, and their sons inherited their positions and continued to lead the clans in putting down rebellions throughout Japan during the middle- and later-Heian period. Because of their rising military and economic power, the warriors ultimately became a new force in the politics of the court. Their involvement in the Hōgen in the late Heian period consolidated their power, and finally pitted the rival Minamoto and Taira clans against each other in the Heiji Rebellion of 1160." + ] + ], + [ + "Scarlet Alliance", + [ + "Scarlet Alliance is Australia's national peak sex worker organisation. It was formed in 1989. As an organisation maintained entirely by current and former sex workers, Scarlet Alliance aims to achieve equality, social, legal, political, cultural and economic justice for workers in the sex industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Pacific War", + [ + "By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amount of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops in Shanghai, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanking in December 1937 and committed which was known as Nanking Massacre. In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their first victory at Taierzhuang. but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to invade Wuhan and captured it in October. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the United States—condemned Japan, especially after the Panay Incident." + ] + ], + [ + "Political corruption", + [ + "An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patronage, by its deceptive nature and often great financial resources, an unholy alliance can be much more dangerous to the public interest. An early use of the term was by former US President Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt:" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__398232_326948_10972", + "question": "When did the place of birth of the performer of Mother-in-Law elect its first black Mayor?", + "answer": "1970s", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Black people", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law Lounge", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law (song)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Lodewijk Asscher", + [ + "Asscher worked as a researcher at the University of Amsterdam from 1996 until 2002. He was elected as a Municipal councillor of Amsterdam on 8 March 2002, he became the Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the Municipal council on 3 April 2004. He worked as a associate professor of Intellectual property law at the University of Amsterdam from 1 May 2002 until 1 May 2006. Asscher was the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) for the Labour Party in the 2006 municipal election and became Deputy Mayor and Alderman on 26 April 2006. Following the resignation of Mayor of Amsterdam Job Cohen to run for the Labour Party leadership for the election of 2010, Asscher as Deputy Mayor served as acting Mayor of Amsterdam from 12 March 2010 until 7 July 2010. After the election of 2012 Asscher was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment in the Cabinet Rutte II, serving from 5 November 2012 until 26 October 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "E. Denise Simmons", + [ + "E. Denise Simmons is the former mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts, having served her first mayoral term during the 2008–2009 term and she was the first openly lesbian African-American mayor in the United States. The previous mayor of Cambridge, Kenneth Reeves, was the first openly gay African-American mayor in the United States. As Cambridge mayor, Simmons served as head of the city's legislative body—while the non-elected city manager serves as the city's chief executive officer." + ] + ], + [ + "Auckland", + [ + "In October 2010, Manukau City mayor Len Brown was elected mayor of the amalgamated Auckland Council. He was re-elected for a second term in October 2013. Brown did not stand for re-election in the 2016 mayoral election, and was succeeded by successful candidate Phil Goff in October 2016. Twenty councillors make up the remainder of the Auckland Council governing body, elected from thirteen electoral wards." + ] + ], + [ + "Eugene P. Ruehlmann", + [ + "Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Ruehlmann served in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. Ruehlmann then received his bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati and his law degree from Harvard Law School. He then practiced law. In 1959, Ruehlmann was elected to the Cincinnati City Council and then served as Mayor of Cincinnati from 1967 to 1971. During his tenure as mayor he oversaw the building of Riverfront Stadium and helped bring the Cincinnati Bengals to the city. He also made significant efforts to reach out to African American communities in the wake of race riots in 1967. He was a member of the Republican Party. He died in Cincinnati, Ohio." + ] + ], + [ + "Hardin Bigelow", + [ + "Hardin Bigelow (1809 in Michigan Territory – November 27, 1850 in San Francisco, California) was the first elected mayor of the city of Sacramento, California, which was known then as \"Sacramento City.\" Bigelow's efforts to construct Sacramento's first levees won him enough support to become mayor in Sacramento's first mayoral elections in February 1850. Bigelow served seven months, from April to November, before succumbing to cholera; while he was mayor, Sacramento averted disaster in a potentially devastating flood, but fell victim to a series of April fires, a riot, and a cholera epidemic." + ] + ], + [ + "Białystok", + [ + "Białystok, like other major cities in Poland, is a city county (). The Legislative power in the city is vested in the unicameral Białystok City Council (), which has 28 members. Council members are elected directly every four years, one of whom is the mayor, or President of Białystok (). Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor, who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. The current President of Białystok, elected for his first term in 2006, is Tadeusz Truskolaski won the elections as the Civic Platform's candidate, however, he has no official connection with the party. In the first round of the elections he received 49% of the votes (42,889 votes altogether). In the later runoff he defeated his rival candidate Marek Kozlowski from Law and Justice (), receiving 67% of the votes cast (53,018 votes)." + ] + ], + [ + "Detroit", + [ + "Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Balestrand", + [ + "The mayor \"(ordførar)\" of a municipality in Norway is a representative of the majority party of the municipal council who is elected to lead the council. Harald Offerdal of the Labour Party was elected mayor of Balestrand for the 2011–2015 term and re-elected to the 2015-2019 term." + ] + ], + [ + "Ortahisar", + [ + "Ortahisar is a planned district and second level municipality in Trabzon Province, Turkey. According to Law act no 6360, all Turkish provinces with a population more than 750000, will be metropolitan municipality and the districts within the metropolitan municipalities will be second-level municipalities. The law also creates new districts within the provinces in addition to present districts. These changes will be effective by the local elections in 2014. On 30 March 2014, Ahmet Metin Genç (AKP) was elected mayor." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 St. Petersburg, Florida mayoral election", + [ + "St. Petersburg mayoral election, 2017 ← 2013 November 7, 2017 2021 → Nominee Rick Kriseman Rick Baker Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan Popular vote 34,531 32,341 Percentage 51% 49% Mayor before election Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan Elected Mayor Rick Kriseman Nonpartisan" + ] + ], + [ + "Black people", + [ + "Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005." + ] + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law Lounge", + [ + "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 Raleigh mayoral election", + [ + "The biennial nonpartisan election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 10, 2017. As no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on November 7, 2017, as requested by the second - place finisher, Charles Francis. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane defeated Francis in the runoff, winning a fourth term in office." + ] + ], + [ + "Mother-in-Law (song)", + [ + "\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Affirmative action in the United States", + [ + "UCLA professor Richard H. Sander published an article in the November 2004 issue of the Stanford Law Review that questioned the effectiveness of racial preferences in law schools. He noted that, prior to his article, there had been no comprehensive study on the effects of affirmative action. The article presents a study that shows that half of all black law students rank near the bottom of their class after the first year of law school and that black law students are more likely to drop out of law school and to fail the bar exam. The article offers a tentative estimate that the production of new black lawyers in the United States would grow by eight percent if affirmative action programs at all law schools were ended. Less qualified black students would attend less prestigious schools where they would be more closely matched in abilities with their classmates and thus perform relatively better. Sander helped to develop a socioeconomically-based affirmative action plan for the UCLA School of Law after the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996, which prohibited the use of racial preferences by public universities in California. This change occurred after studies showed that the graduation rate of blacks at UCLA was 41%, compared to 73% for whites." + ] + ], + [ + "List of mayors of Willoughby", + [ + "This is a list of the Mayors of Willoughby City Council and its predecessors, a local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The official title of Mayors while holding office is: His/Her Worship The Mayor of Willoughby. First incorporated on 23 October 1865 as the Municipality of Willoughby, the council first met to elect six Aldermen and two Auditors on 16 December 1865, in the house of James Harris French and the first Chairman, James William Bligh, was elected on 1 January 1866. With the enactment of the \"Municipalities Act, 1867\" the title of Chairman was changed to \"Mayor\"." + ] + ], + [ + "James Hannell", + [ + "James Hannell (1 December 1813 – 31 December 1876) was an auctioneer, publican, and Australian politician elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, the first Mayor of Newcastle, and the first Mayor of Wickham." + ] + ], + [ + "Childbirth", + [ + "substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the rates of vaginal delivery.Health care providers may assess a labouring mother's progress in labour by performing a cervical exam to evaluate the cervical dilation, effacement, and station. These factors form the Bishop score. The Bishop score can also be used as a means to predict the success of an induction of labour." + ] + ], + [ + "San Diego", + [ + "The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city, and Democrats currently (as of 2015[update]) hold a 5-4 majority in the city council. The current mayor, Kevin Faulconer, is a Republican." + ] + ], + [ + "Infant mortality", + [ + "The vast majority of research conducted in the late twentieth and early twenty - first century indicates that African - American infants are more than twice as likely to die in their first year of life than white infants. Although following a decline from 13.63 to 11.46 deaths per 1000 live births from 2005 to 2010, non-Hispanic black mothers continued to report a rate 2.2 times as high as that for non-Hispanic white mothers." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__773338_42197_18397", + "question": "Where did the arguer that Yuri Bogatyryov's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yuri Bogatyryov", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Glorious Revolution", + [ + "The Revolution permanently ended any chance of Catholicism becoming re-established in England. For British Catholics its effects were disastrous both socially and politically: Catholics were denied the right to vote and sit in the Westminster Parliament for over a century; they were also denied commissions in the army, and the monarch was forbidden to be Catholic or to marry a Catholic, this latter prohibition remaining in force until 2015. The Revolution led to limited tolerance for Nonconformist Protestants, although it would be some time before they had full political rights. It has been argued, mainly by Whig historians, that James's overthrow began modern English parliamentary democracy: the Bill of Rights 1689 has become one of the most important documents in the political history of Britain and never since has the monarch held absolute power." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "John, King of England", + [ + "John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England." + ] + ], + [ + "Sophia (robot)", + [ + "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''.." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "Korea was ruled by Imperial Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces -- supported by the Soviet Union and China -- moved into the south on 25 June 1950. On 27 June, the United Nations Security Council authorized the formation and dispatch of UN forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion. Twenty - one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel." + ] + ], + [ + "War on Terror", + [ + "The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ], + [ + "Cuban War of Independence", + [ + "The Cuban War of Independence (, 1895–98) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians." + ] + ], + [ + "Ogaden War", + [ + "As Somalia gained military strength, Ethiopia grew weaker. In September 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie had been overthrown by the Derg (the military council), marking a period of turmoil. The Derg quickly fell into internal conflict to determine who would have primacy. Meanwhile, various anti-Derg as well as separatist movements began throughout the country. The regional balance of power now favoured Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "American Civil War", + [ + "Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln's March 4, 1861, inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war. Speaking directly to the ``Southern States '', he attempted to calm their fears of any threats to slavery, reaffirming,`` I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.'' After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on ``King Cotton ''that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 23 September 1946, an 8,000-strong railroad worker strike began in Pusan. Civil disorder spread throughout the country in what became known as the Autumn uprising. On 1 October 1946, Korean police killed three students in the Daegu Uprising; protesters counter-attacked, killing 38 policemen. On 3 October, some 10,000 people attacked the Yeongcheon police station, killing three policemen and injuring some 40 more; elsewhere, some 20 landlords and pro-Japanese South Korean officials were killed. The USAMGIK declared martial law." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ], + [ + "Declaration of war by the United States", + [ + "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war." + ] + ], + [ + "Yuri Bogatyryov", + [ + "Yuri Georgiyevich Bogatyryov (; 2 March 1947, Riga, Latvian SSR — 2 February 1989, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet actor, best known for his roles in five films by Nikita Mikhalkov, including \"At Home Among Strangers\" (1974). Bogatyryov, one of the leading actors of Sovremennik (1971-1977) and then Moscow Art Theater (1977-1989), was designated People's Artist of Russia in 1988." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__28476_14777_9331", + "question": "What dissolved the privileges in Poland of the empire that controlled Estonia during The Great Awakening, the Kingdom that acquired some Thuringian territory in 1815, and the Habsburg Monarchy?", + "answer": "March Constitution of Poland", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Estonia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Franco-Prussian War", + 0 + ], + [ + "Szlachta", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire. Established on 24 February 1918, the Republic of Estonia came into existence towards the end of World War I. During World War II, Estonia was then occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany a year later and again in 1944 establishing the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1988, during the Singing Revolution, the Estonian SSR issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration to defy against the illegal Soviet rule. Estonia then restored its independence during the 1991 coup by the Soviets on the night of 20 August 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Germans", + [ + "In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Germany during World War I", + [ + "During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that lost the war. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria - Hungary. German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts, although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war, except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded. A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916 -- 17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Reichstag (North German Confederation)", + [ + "The Reichstag was the Parliament of the North German Confederation (), founded after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. It functioned until the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. Parliamentary sessions were held in the same building as the Upper House of the Prussian Landtag, the Prussian House of Lords, located at 3 Leipziger Straße in Berlin, Germany. The same location is now the home of the German Federal Bundesrat." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property (Schutz des geistigen Eigentums) to the confederation. When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention (1883) and the Berne Convention (1886) merged in 1893, they located in Berne, and also adopted the term intellectual property in their new combined title, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property." + ] + ], + [ + "German revolutions of 1848–49", + [ + "In 1848, Austria was the predominant German state. It was considered the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved by Napoleon in 1806, and was not resurrected by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. German Austrian chancellor Klemens von Metternich had dominated Austrian politics from 1815 until 1848." + ] + ], + [ + "Sámuel Mikoviny", + [ + "Sámuel Mikoviny (, ? – 23 March 1750) was a mathematician, engineer, cartographer, and professor. He was a leading representative of science and technology in the 18th century Kingdom of Hungary and Habsburg Monarchy." + ] + ], + [ + "Bukovina", + [ + "A region of Moldavia during the Middle Ages, the territory of what became known as Bukovina was, from 1774 to 1918, an administrative division of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria-Hungary. After World War I, Romania established its control over Bukovina. In 1940, the northern half of Bukovina was annexed by the Soviet Union in violation of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and currently is part of Ukraine." + ] + ], + [ + "Szlachta", + [ + "The sovereignty of szlachta was ended in 1795 by Partitions of Poland, and until 1918 their legal status was dependent on policies of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia or the Habsburg Monarchy." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Germany", + [ + "Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War and replaced by a North German Federation under Prussian hegemony; this war left Prussia dominant in Germany, and German nationalism would compel the remaining independent states to ally with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and then to accede to the crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor. The new German Empire included 25 states (three of them, Hanseatic cities) and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory and 62% of the population. After the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation. These states were gradually de facto abolished and reduced to provinces under the Nazi regime via the Gleichschaltung process, as the states administratively were largely superseded by the Nazi Gau system." + ] + ], + [ + "Joseph Roth", + [ + "After secondary school, Joseph Roth moved to Lemberg to begin his university studies in 1913, before transferring to the University of Vienna in 1914 to study philosophy and German literature. In 1916, Roth broke off his university studies and volunteered to serve in the Imperial Habsburg army fighting on the Eastern Front, \"though possibly only as an army journalist or censor.\" This experience had a major and long-lasting influence on his life. So, too, did the collapse in 1918 of the Habsburg Empire, which marked the beginning of a pronounced sense of \"homelessness\" that was to feature regularly in his work. As he wrote: \"My strongest experience was the War and the destruction of my fatherland, the only one I ever had, the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany. After dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, he reduced the number of German states from 300 to less than 50, paving the way to German Unification. A byproduct of the French occupation was a strong development in German nationalism. Napoleon also significantly aided the United States when he agreed to sell the territory of Louisiana for 15 million dollars during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. That territory almost doubled the size of the United States, adding the equivalent of 13 states to the Union." + ] + ], + [ + "Franco-Prussian War", + [ + "The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck planned to provoke a French attack in order to draw the southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded." + ] + ], + [ + "Kingdom of Bohemia", + [ + "After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the territory became part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Bohemia retained its name and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia until 1918, known as a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and its capital Prague was one of the empire's leading cities. The Czech language (called the Bohemian language in English usage until the 19th century) was the main language of the Diet and the nobility until 1627 (after the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed). German was then formally made equal with Czech and eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet until the Czech National Revival in the 19th century. German was also widely used as the language of administration in many towns after the return of Germans immigrated and populated some areas of the country in the 13th century after the Migration Period. The royal court used the Czech, Latin, and German languages, depending on the ruler and period." + ] + ], + [ + "Modern history", + [ + "The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I." + ] + ], + [ + "Supremacy Clause", + [ + "The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that state courts are bound by the supreme law; in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied. Even state constitutions are subordinate to federal law. In essence, it is a conflict - of - laws rule specifying that certain national acts take priority over any state acts that conflict with national law. In this respect, the Supremacy Clause follows the lead of Article XIII of the Articles of Confederation, which provided that ``Every State shall abide by the determination of the United States in Congress Assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. ''A constitutional provision announcing the supremacy of federal law, the Supremacy Clause assumes the underlying priority of federal authority, at least when that authority is expressed in the Constitution itself. No matter what the federal government or the states might wish to do, they have to stay within the boundaries of the Constitution. This makes the Supremacy Clause the cornerstone of the whole American political structure." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself." + ] + ], + [ + "Szlachta", + [ + "Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921." + ] + ], + [ + "Tragedy in the House of Habsburg", + [ + "Tragedy in the House of Habsburg (German: Tragödie im Hause Habsburg) is a 1924 German silent historical film directed by Alexander Korda and starring María Corda, Kálmán Zátony and Emil Fenyvessy. The film recounts the events of the 1889 Mayerling Incident in which the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire committed suicide. Studio filming was done in Berlin with location shooting in Vienna. The film cost $80,000 to make, but only earned back around half of this at the box office." + ] + ], + [ + "Transportpolizei", + [ + "After German reunification in 1990 the \"Transportpolizei\" was dissolved, with some 1200 of its personnel transferring to the (West) German \"Bahnpolizei\". On April 1, 1992 the \"Bahnpolizei\" was taken over by the German Federal Border Guard (now called the German Federal Police)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__604991_339990_54675", + "question": "What mountain can you see from Portland in the state where Frozen Run's county is located?", + "answer": "Tualatin Mountains", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Socialist Party of Oregon (Columbia County, Oregon)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Portland, Oregon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Frozen Run", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Cortébert", + [ + "Cortébert is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Mann Ranges", + [ + "The Mann Ranges are a mountain range in central Australia. It is located in the far northwest of South Australia, with a small section running over the border into the Northern Territory. It is part of the geological region known as the Musgrave Block, which also includes the Petermann and Musgrave Ranges. Mountains in this region were formed in the Petermann Orogeny (600–550 million years ago)." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Socialist Party of Oregon (Columbia County, Oregon)", + [ + "The Socialist Party of Oregon in Columbia County, Oregon began around the First Red Scare. The first year (1914) it went mainstream, the Socialist party had 27 more registered members than the Prohibition Party, who were some members of the Suffrage movement. The Socialist party was similar to the Progressive Party in the county, as it tried from the outskirts of government to make change. While Socialism failed its first year, it still received attention from the press who was aware of the October Revolution (1918) in Russia (Now the Soviet Union) by a similarly named government led by Vladimir Lenin." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Belprahon", + [ + "Belprahon is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Hörnli", + [ + "Hörnli mountain is located on the territory of the community of Fischenthal, in the Zürcher Oberland, in the eastern part of canton of Zürich, in Switzerland. It is high." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Ginini", + [ + "The summit of the mountain is located within the ACT, and is the third highest mountain in the Territory. The ACT portion of the mountain is located in Bimberi Nature Reserve and Namadgi National Park and the NSW portion in Kosciuszko National Park. It is often climbed by bushwalkers from Corin Dam, as it is a few hours' hike. The mountain is close to the Ginini Flats Wetlands Ramsar Site." + ] + ], + [ + "Portland, Oregon", + [ + "Though much of downtown Portland is relatively flat, the foothills of the Tualatin Mountains, more commonly referred to locally as the ``West Hills '', pierce through the northwest and southwest reaches of the city. Council Crest Park, commonly thought of as the highest point within city limits, is in the West Hills and rises to an elevation of 1,073 feet (327 m) The city's actual high point is a little - known and infrequently accessed point (1,180 feet) near Forest Park. The highest point east of the river is Mt. Tabor, an extinct volcanic cinder cone, which rises to 636 feet (194 m). Nearby Powell Butte and Rocky Butte rise to 614 feet (187 m) and 612 feet (187 m), respectively. To the west of the Tualatin Mountains lies the Oregon Coast Range, and to the east lies the actively volcanic Cascade Range. On clear days, Mt. Hood and Mt. St. Helens dominate the horizon, while Mt. Adams and Mt. Rainier can also be seen in the distance." + ] + ], + [ + "Cormoret", + [ + "Cormoret is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains." + ] + ], + [ + "Frozen Run", + [ + "Frozen Run is a tributary of Hemlock Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Hemlock Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of . The stream flows through Frosty Valley and is also near a fault. It is designated as a coldwater fishery. Parts of the watershed are impaired due to siltation. The stream has several unnamed tributaries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__106042_64399_52278", + "question": "Who controlled the holy land where the brand of Christianity practiced in the country where Vasilopita is lasted up until the 7th century?", + "answer": "Roman then Byzantine", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Vasilopita", + 0 + ], + [ + "History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages", + 0 + ], + [ + "Early centers of Christianity", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Religion in ancient Rome", + [ + "In 380, under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Christian heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, though Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellenistic period", + [ + "During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Israel as a Hellenistic vassal. This period also saw the rise of a Hellenistic Judaism, which first developed in the Jewish diaspora of Alexandria and Antioch, and then spread to Judea. The major literary product of this cultural syncretism is the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible from Biblical Hebrew and Biblical Aramaic to Koiné Greek. The reason for the production of this translation seems to be that many of the Alexandrian Jews had lost the ability to speak Hebrew and Aramaic." + ] + ], + [ + "Sabbath in Christianity", + [ + "Early Christians continued to pray and rest on the seventh day. By the 2nd century AD some Christians also observed Sunday, the day of the week on which Jesus had risen from the dead and on which the Holy Spirit had come to the apostles. Paul and the Christians of Troas, for example, gathered on Sunday ``to break bread, ''Soon Christians were observing only Sunday and not the Sabbath. Patristic writings attest that by the second century, it had become commonplace to celebrate the Eucharist in a corporate day of worship on the first day. A Church Father, Eusebius, stated that for Christians,`` the sabbath had been transferred to Sunday''." + ] + ], + [ + "Vasilopita", + [ + "Vasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα χρόνος: \"chrónos ⇨ time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta ⇨ pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "With the decline of Herodians, Judea, transformed into a Roman province, became the site of a violent struggle of Jews against Greco-Romans, culminating in the Jewish-Roman Wars, ending in wide-scale destruction, expulsions, and genocide. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Nevertheless, there was a continuous small Jewish presence and Galilee became its religious center. The Mishnah and part of the Talmud, central Jewish texts, were composed during the 2nd to 4th centuries CE in Tiberias and Jerusalem. The region came to be populated predominantly by Greco-Romans on the coast and Samaritans in the hill-country. Christianity was gradually evolving over Roman paganism, when the area stood under Byzantine rule. Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population. After the Persian conquest and the installation of a short-lived Jewish Commonwealth in 614 CE, the Byzantine Empire reconquered the country in 628." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Iran were in flux during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it. Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later seventh century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-eighth century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Tours in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate and its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman economy. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs." + ] + ], + [ + "Oxyrhynchus", + [ + "Since the 1930s, work on the papyri has continued. For many years it was under the supervision of Professor Peter Parsons of Oxford. Eighty large volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri have been published, and these have become an essential reference work for the study of Egypt between the 4th century BC and the 7th century AD. They are also extremely important for the history of the early Christian Church, since many Christian documents have been found at Oxyrhynchus in far earlier versions than those known elsewhere. At least another forty volumes are anticipated." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope Agatho", + [ + "Little is known of Agatho before his papacy but he may have been among the many Sicilian clergy in Rome at that time, due to the Islamic Caliphate battles against Sicily in the mid-7th century. He served several years as treasurer of the church of Rome. He succeeded Donus in the pontificate." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages", + [ + "Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period: The city covered two square kilometers (0.8 sq mi.) and had a population of 200,000. In the five centuries following the Bar Kokhba revolt in the 2nd century, the city remained under Roman then Byzantine rule. During the 4th century, the Roman Emperor Constantine I constructed Christian sites in Jerusalem such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellenistic period", + [ + "Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah)." + ] + ], + [ + "Zinc", + [ + "Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given definite evidence of zinc production going back to the 6th century BC. To date, the oldest evidence of pure zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc. Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called \"philosopher's wool\" or \"white snow\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Congregation of Christian Brothers", + [ + "The Holy See formally established the congregation in 1820. This, too, was an unusual event, since the Christian Brothers were the first Irish congregation of men approved by a charter from Rome." + ] + ], + [ + "Hedwig glass", + [ + "Hedwig glasses or Hedwig beakers are a type of glass beaker originating in the Middle East or Norman Sicily and dating from the 10th-12th centuries AD. They are named after the Silesian princess Saint Hedwig (1174–1245), to whom three of them are traditionally said to have belonged. So far, a total of 14 complete glasses are known. The exact origin of the glasses is disputed, with Egypt, Iran and Syria all suggested as possible sources; if they are not of Islamic manufacture they are certainly influenced by Islamic glass. Probably made by Muslim craftsmen, some of the iconography is Christian, suggesting they may have been made for export or for Christian clients. The theory that they instead originate from Norman Sicily in the 11th century was first fully set out in a book in 2005 by Rosemarie Lierke, and has attracted some support from specialists." + ] + ], + [ + "Sahara", + [ + "The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year." + ] + ], + [ + "New Testament", + [ + "The New Testament is a collection of Christian works written in the common (Koine) Greek language of the first century, at different times by various writers, and the modern consensus is that it provides important evidence regarding Judaism in the first century AD. In almost all Christian traditions today, the New Testament consists of 27 books. The original texts were written in the first and perhaps the second centuries of the Christian Era, in Greek, which was the common language of the Eastern Mediterranean from the conquests of Alexander the Great (335 -- 323 BC) until the Muslim conquests in the 7th century AD. All the works that eventually became incorporated into the New Testament are believed to have been written no later than around 120 AD,. John A.T. Robinson, Dan Wallace, and William F. Albright dated all the books of the New Testament before 70 AD. Others give a final date of 80 AD, or at 96 AD." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + [ + "From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates and writings, specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and thus Christians and Christianity alike. In the 2nd century, as part of the earliest anti-Christian polemics, Celsus suggested that Jesus was the illegitimate son of a Roman soldier named Panthera. The views of Celsus drew responses from Origen, the Church Father in Alexandria, Egypt, who considered it a fabricated story. How far Celsus sourced his view from Jewish sources remains a subject of discussion." + ] + ], + [ + "Early centers of Christianity", + [ + "The Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament." + ] + ], + [ + "777 (number)", + [ + "Christian denominations consider seven to be a holy number because Genesis says that God rested on the 7th day and man was created on the 6th day. Because God rested on the 7th day, that is the reason for the observance of the Hebrew Sabbath on the last day of the week. The 7th day of the week is indicated on the Hebrew Lunar calendar containing 13 months of four weeks each. According to the American publication, the Orthodox Study Bible, 777 represents the threefold perfection of the Trinity. The number 777, as triple 7, can be contrasted against triple 6, for the Number of the Beast as 666 (rather than variant 616)." + ] + ], + [ + "Egypt", + [ + "The Byzantines were able to regain control of the country after a brief Sasanian Persian invasion early in the 7th century amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 during which they established a new short-lived province for ten years known as Sasanian Egypt, until 639–42, when Egypt was invaded and conquered by the Islamic Empire by the Muslim Arabs. When they defeated the Byzantine Armies in Egypt, the Arabs brought Sunni Islam to the country. Early in this period, Egyptians began to blend their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices, leading to various Sufi orders that have flourished to this day. These earlier rites had survived the period of Coptic Christianity." + ] + ], + [ + "Bible translations into Greek", + [ + "The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__389955_132457_47686", + "question": "Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where the band that recorded the album I'm Alive and on Fire formed?", + "answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Toronto Coach Terminal", + 0 + ], + [ + "Danko Jones", + 0 + ], + [ + "I'm Alive and on Fire", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "New Delhi", + [ + "New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Bussen Trafikkselskap", + [ + "Bussen Trafikkselskap was a Norwegian bus company that operated the \"yellow\" city bus in Kristiansand and surrounding areas Vennesla, Søgne and Songdalen. The company had about 300 employees and operates on contract with Vest-Agder Kollektivtrafikk. Nettbuss Sør (blue buses) took over the local buses in Kristiansand 01.01.2011." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Global 900", + [ + "The Hyundai Global 900 (hangul:현대 글로벌900) is a heavy-duty bus built by Hyundai Motor Company. It was primarily available as short-body city bus and tourist buses." + ] + ], + [ + "PD-4501 Scenicruiser", + [ + "The GMC PD-4501 Scenicruiser, manufactured by General Motors for The Greyhound Corporation, was a three-axle monocoque two-level coach used by Greyhound from July 1954 into the mid-70's. 1,001 were made between 1954 and 1956." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York. Besides Greyhound, six other bus operators provide service to the Center City Greyhound terminal: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit. Other services include Megabus and Bolt Bus." + ] + ], + [ + "Toronto Coach Terminal", + [ + "The Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal." + ] + ], + [ + "Danko Jones", + [ + "Danko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows." + ] + ], + [ + "I'm Leaving It Up to You", + [ + "``I'm Leaving It Up to You ''Single by Dale & Grace from the album I'm Leaving It Up to You B - side`` Stop and Think It Over'' Released September 1963 Format 45 rpm Recorded 1963 Genre Pop, doo - wop Length 2: 13 Label Montel Songwriter (s) Don F. Harris, Dewey Terry Producer (s) Sam Montel Dale & Grace singles chronology ``I'm Leaving It Up to You ''(1963)`` Stop and Think It Over'' (1964) ``I'm Leaving It Up to You ''(1963)`` Stop and Think It Over'' (1964)" + ] + ], + [ + "I'm Alright (Kenny Loggins song)", + [ + "\"I'm Alright\" is a song written and performed by American pop singer Kenny Loggins. It was used as the theme music for the 1980 comedy film \"Caddyshack\". The track was released as a single in 1980 and then reached the top 10 of the U.S. singles chart. Eddie Money makes a guest appearance in the song's background chorus. The song is also one of the most frequent choices in Loggins' concert, and included in all three of his official concert material releases - \"Kenny Loggins Alive\", \"Live from Grand Canyon\", and \"\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Cerberus Shoal", + [ + "Cerberus Shoal was a United States rock band formed in 1994 in Boston but largely based in Portland, Maine. They split up in the mid-2000s with some members going on to form Fire on Fire." + ] + ], + [ + "Escanaba Firing Line", + [ + "Escanaba Firing Line is an American rock band formed in Traverse City, Michigan in 2002, by brothers Jesse and Ryan Younce. Shortly after the bands conception they were joined by bassist Chris Davies and drummer Chad Sturdivant." + ] + ], + [ + "Alive and Schticking", + [ + "\"Alive and Schticking\" is the season premiere of the American television series \"Will & Grace\"s eighth season. It was written by Bill Wrubel and directed by series producer James Burrows. The episode was broadcast live on NBC in the United States on September 29, 2005, and was performed twice by the actors that evening for the East and West coasts. Alec Baldwin guest starred in \"Alive and Schticking\" and received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance." + ] + ], + [ + "Transport in Chennai", + [ + "The first motor bus service in the city was organised by the Madras Tramway Corporation between 1925 and 1928. Most motor bus service providers in the city were nationalised as per the 1939 Motor Vehicles Act. The Pallavan Transport Corporation was created on 1 January 1972 to serve Madras city. It had a fleet of 1029 buses. In 1994, Pallavan Transport Corporation was bifurcated into Dr. Ambedkar Transport Corporation Limited for northern Madras and Pallavan Transport Corporation Limited for southern Madras. The two were reunited in 2001 to form the Metropolitan Transport Corporation. The bus service, currently, plies about 4,000 buses on 622 routes, moves an estimated 5.038 million passengers each day." + ] + ], + [ + "José Antunes Sobrinho", + [ + "In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station. Because of the growth of Brasília (and corresponding growth in the bus fleet), today the interstate buses leave from the older interstate station (called Rodoferroviária), located at the western end of the Eixo Monumental. The Central Bus Station also contains a main metro station. A new bus station was opened in July 2010. It is on Saída Sul (South Exit) near Parkshopping Mall and with its metro station, and it's also an inter-state bus station, used only to leave the Federal District." + ] + ], + [ + "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry", + [ + "``I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry ''Single by Hank Williams A-side`` My Bucket's Got a Hole in It'' Released November 8, 1949 Recorded August 30, 1949, Herzog Studio, Cincinnati Genre Country, blues Length 2: 48 Label MGM Songwriter (s) Hank Williams Hank Williams singles chronology ``You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave) ''(1949)`` I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry'' (1949) ``I Just Do n't Like This Kind of Living ''(1950)`` You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)'' (1949) ``My Bucket's Got a Hole in It ''(1949)`` I Just Do n't Like This Kind of Living'' (1950)" + ] + ], + [ + "I'm Alive and on Fire", + [ + "I'm Alive and on Fire is a 2001 album by Canadian rock band Danko Jones. It collects tracks the band recorded from 1996 to 1999, including several that appeared on the EPs \"Danko Jones\" and \"My Love is Bold\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Jalanan", + [ + "Jalanan (“Streetside” in Bahasa Indonesia) is an award-winning 2013 feature-length Indonesian documentary film directed and produced by Daniel Ziv and featuring Jakarta street musicians Bambang \"Ho\" Mulyono, Titi Juwariyah and Boni Putera. The movie follows the three musicians as they perform songs on Jakarta's commuter buses, clash with the law and confront the tumultuous politics of modern-day Indonesia. It follows them back to their home villages in East Java and traces their quest for legitimacy, identity and love in their adopted city of Jakarta." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindu wedding", + [ + "Saptapadi -- is the most important ritual. It is called the seven step ritual, where each step corresponds to a vow groom makes to bride, and a vow the bride makes to groom. The vows are pronounced in Sanskrit in long form, or short quicker form, sometimes also in the language of the groom and bride. In many weddings, Saptapadi is performed near a fire; and after each of the seven oaths to each other, the groom and bride perform the ritual of agnipradakshinam -- walk around the fire, with the end of their garments tied together. The groom usually leads the bride in the walk. The fire is a form of yajna -- a Vedic ritual where fire is the divine witness (to the marriage). After Saptapadi, the couple are considered husband and wife." + ] + ], + [ + "Alivenci", + [ + "Alivenci, plural form of alivancă, is a traditional custard tart, from the cuisine of Moldova made with cornmeal, cream cheese like urdă or telemea and smântână." + ] + ], + [ + "The Voice (American season 6)", + [ + "Usher Josh Kaufman ``Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours ''`` Every Breath You Take'' 9 ``Set Fire to the Rain ''Winner" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__88372_83837", + "question": "Who sings home alone tonight with the singer of you can crash my party anytime?", + "answer": "Karen Fairchild", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Crash My Party", + 0 + ], + [ + "Home Alone Tonight", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Take Me Home Tonight (song)", + [ + "By the mid-1980s, Eddie Money had reached a low - point in his recording career after several years of drug abuse. Columbia Records still wanted to keep Money on its roster, but restricted his creative control regarding his output. Record producer Richie Zito brought Money the song ``Take Me Home Tonight '', and Money would recall:`` I did n't care for the demo (but) it did have a good catch line. When I heard (a snippet of) 'Be My Baby' in it I said: 'Why ca n't we get Ronnie Spector to sing it?' (and was told) 'That's impossible.''' Money invited his friend Martha Davis, lead vocalist of the Motels, to sing the lines from ``Be My Baby ''on`` Take Me Home Tonight'': Davis encouraged him to try to recruit Spector herself and Money was eventually able to speak on the phone to Spector at her home in northern California: Money - ``I could hear clinking and clanking in the background... She said: 'I'm doing the dishes, and I got ta change the kids' bedding. I'm not really in the business anymore, Eddie. Phil Spector and all that, it was a nightmare '... I said' Ronnie, I got this song that's truly amazing and it's a tribute to you. It would be so great if you... did it with me. '''The success of`` Take Me Home Tonight'' encouraged Spector to resume her singing career. In 1987 Money would say of ``Take Me Home Tonight '':`` I did n't like the song, but... it helped Ronnie out and it helped me get some of my other material on the album across, so now I'm happy I did it.''" + ] + ], + [ + "I'll Cry If I Want To", + [ + "I'll Cry If I Want To was the debut album of Lesley Gore. The album included her hit singles ``It's My Party ''and its follow - up,`` Judy's Turn to Cry''. The album was rushed out after ``It's My Party ''became a big hit, and the songs are mostly about crying, linking to the hit single's first line`` It's my party and I'll cry if I want to'', incorporating songs with titles such as ``Cry '',`` Just Let Me Cry'' and ``Cry and You Cry Alone ''. Besides the hit singles, the album included pop standards such as`` Misty'', ``Cry Me a River ''and`` What Kind of Fool Am I?''. The album reached # 24 on the Billboard 200. Edsel Records released the album on Compact Disc in 2000 in combination with Gore's second album, Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed - Up Hearts. The album was named the 181st best album of the 1960s by Pitchfork." + ] + ], + [ + "Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer", + [ + "Frank Sinatra Sings the Select Johnny Mercer is a 1995 compilation album by Frank Sinatra, that has him singing the songs written by Johnny Mercer." + ] + ], + [ + "Street Corner Symphony (group)", + [ + "Street Corner Symphony is an a cappella group from Nashville, Tennessee and a contestant on the second season of NBC's reality show \"The Sing-Off\". During \"The Sing-Off\" season finale, Street Corner Symphony claimed the second place title, losing the championship to Huntsville, Alabama group Committed. It was formed in 2010 for the sole purpose of entering \"The Sing-Off\". The members are from several of the Southeastern United States, including Tennessee, Alabama and Florida; the group is based out of Nashville." + ] + ], + [ + "Sing You Sinners (film)", + [ + "Sing You Sinners is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and starring Bing Crosby, Fred MacMurray, Ellen Drew, and Donald O'Connor. Written by Claude Binyon, the film is about three singing brothers who go to California to find their fortune. Initially the film was to be titled \"The Unholy Beebes\" and then \"Harmony for Three\" before finishing with \"Sing You Sinners\". Filming took place in April/May 1938 in Hollywood. Race track scenes were filmed at the Pomona Fairgrounds and at Santa Anita using two dozen of Crosby's horses. \"Sing You Sinners\" was premiered on August 5, 1938 at the Del Mar racetrack with the New York premiere taking place on August 16." + ] + ], + [ + "Eliza Biscaccianti", + [ + "In 1853 Biscaccianti performed in operas in South America, including in Lima, Peru. After retiring from the stage she taught singing in Milan. In her elder years she lived in a home for artists in Paris that was supported by a foundation in memory of Rossini." + ] + ], + [ + "Castle on the Hudson", + [ + "Castle on the Hudson (UK title: Years Without Days) is a 1940 American film noir drama directed by Anatole Litvak and starring John Garfield, Ann Sheridan, and Pat O'Brien. A thief is sent to Sing Sing Prison, where he is befriended by the reform-minded warden. The film was based on the book \"Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing\", written by Lewis E. Lawes, whom the warden was based upon." + ] + ], + [ + "I'll Cry If I Want To", + [ + "I'll Cry If I Want To was the debut album of Lesley Gore. The album included her hit singles \"It's My Party\" and its follow-up, \"Judy's Turn to Cry\". The album was rushed out after \"It's My Party\" became a big hit, and the songs are mostly about crying, linking to the hit single's first line \"It's my party and I'll cry if I want to\", incorporating songs with titles such as \"Cry\", \"Just Let Me Cry\" and \"Cry and You Cry Alone\". Besides the hit singles, the album included pop standards such as \"Misty\", \"Cry Me a River\" and \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\". The album reached #24 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Edsel Records released the album on Compact Disc in 2000 in combination with Gore's second album, \"Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts\". The album was named the 181st best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Marni Nixon", + [ + "In 1956, she worked closely with Deborah Kerr to supply the star's singing voice for the film version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I and the next year she again worked with Kerr to dub her voice in An Affair to Remember. That year, she also sang for Sophia Loren in Boy on a Dolphin. In 1960, she dubbed Janet Leigh's voice in Pepe and had an on - screen chorus role in Can - Can. In 1961's West Side Story, the studio kept her work on the film (as the singing voice of Natalie Wood's Maria) a secret from the actress, and Nixon also dubbed Rita Moreno's singing in the film's ``Tonight ''quintet. She asked the film's producers for, but did not receive, any direct royalties from her work on the film, but Leonard Bernstein contractually gave her 1 / 4 of one percent of his personal royalties from it. In 1962, she also sang Wood's high notes in Gypsy. For My Fair Lady in 1964, she again worked with the female lead of the film, Audrey Hepburn, to perform the songs of Hepburn's character Eliza. Because of her uncredited dubbing work in these films, Time magazine called her`` The Ghostess with the Mostest''." + ] + ], + [ + "Annie (musical)", + [ + "Warbucks brings Annie to Washington, D.C., where she requests to meet the president. Warbucks thinks that it would be better if Annie waited outside, but Franklin D. Roosevelt asks her to stay. She begins to sing ``Tomorrow '', though shushed by the cabinet. Roosevelt, however, believes that people must be optimistic during tough times, and commands them to sing (`` Tomorrow'' Cabinet reprise). Once back home, Warbucks tells Annie how much he loves her (``Something Was Missing ''). Because her parents have not shown up, he announces he would like to adopt her (`` I Do n't Need Anything But You''). They decide to throw a Christmas party, and Annie wants to invite Miss Hannigan and the orphans. While preparing, the delighted staff tell of how her arrival has changed their lives (``Annie '')." + ] + ], + [ + "Crash My Party", + [ + "Crash My Party is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released on August 13, 2013 by Capitol Nashville. Its first single, the title track, reached number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart. The album was produced by Jeff Stevens. A deluxe edition with four bonus tracks is available exclusively at Target and Walmart." + ] + ], + [ + "Boulevard of Broken Songs", + [ + "\"Boulevard of Broken Songs\" (also known as \"Wonderwall of Broken Songs\" or \"Wonderwall of Broken Dreams\") is a popular mash-up mixed by San Francisco, California, DJ and producer Party Ben in late 2004. The mix consisted of elements from Green Day's \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\", Oasis's \"Wonderwall\", Travis's \"Writing to Reach You\", and Eminem's \"Sing for the Moment\", which itself samples Aerosmith's \"Dream On\". \"Sing for the Moment\" was used solely because Party Ben did not have \"Dream On\" on hand and was on deadline for his \"Sixx Mixx\" radio show. Later versions (see below) used Aerosmith's original." + ] + ], + [ + "Streets of Fire", + [ + "E.G. Daily who played Baby Doll says it was ``a very frustrating thing for me ''to not sing in the film`` Because Diane Lane was singing, and I remember thinking, ``Ah!'' It was so frustrating for me. It was painful. Because I wanted to be on that stage singing with those guys... But back then I always played those quirky characters. I did n't get those fancy leads. I got those best friend of the leads, quirky, funny characters. Hookers with a heart of gold. Weirdos. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing", + [ + "I Love to Sing the Songs I Sing is the self-produced ninth album by American R&B singer Barry White, released in 1979 on the 20th Century-Fox Records label." + ] + ], + [ + "Singed", + [ + "Singed is a 1927 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. The film was directed by John Griffith Wray and stars Blanche Sweet. \"Singed\" is based on Adela Rogers St. Johns' story \"Love o' Women\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Home Alone Tonight", + [ + "``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single." + ] + ], + [ + "50 First Dates", + [ + "Despite Sue's warning, Henry invites Lucy to have breakfast with him. Eventually she does, but it ends poorly when Henry unintentionally hurts Lucy's feelings. He follows her home to apologize where Marlin and Doug instruct Henry to leave Lucy alone. Henry begins concocting ways to run into Lucy on the following days, such as pretending to have car trouble, creating a fake road block, or by having Ula beat him up. Eventually, Marlin and Doug figure this out due to Lucy singing The Beach Boys' ``Would n't It Be Nice ''on the days when she meets Henry." + ] + ], + [ + "The Twinkler", + [ + "The Twinkler is a 1916 American silent crime drama film directed by Edward Sloman. The film stars William Russell and Charlotte Burton. The author, Henry Leverage, was incarcerated in Sing Sing for auto theft; that fact was used in the film's marketing." + ] + ], + [ + "Dilana", + [ + "Dilana Jansen van Vuuren was born in Johannesburg, South Africa on 10 August 1972. Her surname changed to Smith when she was about two years old, when her mother married her stepfather, and he adopted her. Dilana used singing as an escape from an unpleasant home scene, participating in school choir competitions and festivals, as well as church choir and fondue parties." + ] + ], + [ + "The LeFevres", + [ + "The LeFevres, or The Singing LeFevres, were an American Southern gospel singing group, active for nearly 50 years in the middle of the twentieth century." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__57638_90991", + "question": "Who was picked over the player with the highest point average in NBA history in the draft?", + "answer": "Greg Oden", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + 0 + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Shandon Anderson", + [ + "Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game." + ] + ], + [ + "Albert Burditt", + [ + "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Jordan", + [ + "As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team - oriented system, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 points per game (ppg) on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage). He made the game - winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg). He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All - American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after Hakeem Olajuwon (Houston Rockets) and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center. However, Trail Blazers general manager Stu Inman contended that it was not a matter of drafting a center, but more a matter of taking Sam Bowie over Jordan, in part because Portland already had Clyde Drexler, who was a guard with similar skills to Jordan. ESPN, citing Bowie's injury - laden college career, named the Blazers' choice of Bowie as the worst draft pick in North American professional sports history. Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986. He graduated the same year with a Bachelor of Arts degree in geography." + ] + ], + [ + "Rik Smits", + [ + "Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed \"the Dunking Dutchman\", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Marcus Smart", + [ + "Marcus Osmond Smart (born March 6, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oklahoma State Cowboys before being drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Kobe Bryant", + [ + "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeryl Sasser", + [ + "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 NBA draft", + [ + "The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Brian Winters", + [ + "Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best \"pure shooter\" in history, claiming that \"he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "1993 NBA draft", + [ + "Despite having the lowest odds, the Orlando Magic surprisingly won the first pick in the 1993 NBA Draft Lottery. It was the second year in a row the Magic won the draft lottery. The Magic drafted Chris Webber with the number one overall pick, but only minutes later, executed a blockbuster trade. The Magic traded Webber to the Golden State Warriors for their first round pick (# 3 overall) Penny Hardaway and three of Golden State's future first - round draft selections." + ] + ], + [ + "Jim Farmer", + [ + "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama." + ] + ], + [ + "Duane Causwell", + [ + "Duane Causwell (born May 31, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player who was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 18th overall pick of the 1990 NBA draft. He played 11 years in the National Basketball Association for the Kings and the Miami Heat averaging 4.9 ppg in his career. Causwell played college basketball at Temple University." + ] + ], + [ + "Utah Jazz", + [ + "The Jazz's attendance declined slightly after the team's move from New Orleans to Utah, due to a late approval for the move (June 1979) and poor marketing in the Salt Lake City area. The team's management made the first of several moves in 1979, bringing high - scoring forward Adrian Dantley to Utah in exchange for Spencer Haywood. Dantley averaged 28.0 points per game during the 1979 -- 80 season, allowing the team to waive Pete Maravich early in the year. The team struggled to a 24 -- 58 mark, but was rewarded with the second overall pick in the 1980 NBA draft, which they used to pick Darrell Griffith of Louisville, another piece of the rebuilding puzzle." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)", + [ + "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games." + ] + ], + [ + "Desmond Mason", + [ + "Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden." + ] + ], + [ + "2017–18 NBA season", + [ + "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →" + ] + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + [ + "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Jonas Valančiūnas", + [ + "Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__159903_154896", + "question": "In what year did the insurgency start in the part of the country it is about?", + "answer": "27 April 2009", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Abdul Fattah Ismail", + 0 + ], + [ + "South Yemen insurgency", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Nicaraguan Revolution", + [ + "Date 1962 -- 1990 (28 years) Location Nicaragua Result FSLN military victory in 1979 Overthrow of Somoza government Insurgency of the Contras Electoral victory of the National Opposition Union in 1990 FSLN retained most of their executive apparatus" + ] + ], + [ + "2017 New Year Honours", + [ + "The 2017 New Year Honours are appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms to various orders and honours to recognise and reward good works by citizens of those countries. The New Year Honours were awarded as part of the New Year celebrations at the start of January and were announced on 30 December 2016." + ] + ], + [ + "Education", + [ + "Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school." + ] + ], + [ + "Voting age", + [ + "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1970), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974) and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that 18 - year - old men could be drafted to go to war, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18." + ] + ], + [ + "Abdul Fattah Ismail", + [ + "He was elected to the NLF executive in the first, second and third NLF congresses, 1965-67. After South Yemen gained independence in 1967 he was appointed Minister of Culture and Yemeni Unity. In the fourth NLF congress he was instrumental in determining the progressive line of the revolution. But in March 1968 he was arrested by the right wing of the NLF and went into exile, where he drafted the program for Accomplishing National Democratic Liberation, a leftist manifesto. He undertook a leading role in the consolidation of left wing of NLF which subsequently regained power in the 22 June 1969 \"Correction Step.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "South Yemen insurgency", + [ + "The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen, ongoing since 27 April 2009, on South Yemen's independence day. Although the violence has been blamed on elements within the southern secessionist movement, leaders of the group maintain that their aims of independence are to be achieved through peaceful means, and claim that attacks are from ordinary citizens in response to the government's provocative actions. The insurgency comes amid the Shia insurgency in the country's north as led by the Houthi communities. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement. Southern separatist insurgents are active mainly in the area of former South Yemen, but also in Ad Dali' Governorate, which was not a part of the independent southern state. They are supported by the United Arab Emirates, even though the UAE is a member of the Saudi Arabian-led coalition working to support the Yemeni government under President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi." + ] + ], + [ + "Oceanic crust", + [ + "The oldest large scale oceanic crust is in the west Pacific and north - west Atlantic - both are about up to 180 - 200 million years old. However, parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are remnants of the much older Tethys ocean, at about 270 and up to 340 million years old." + ] + ], + [ + "Selbjørnsfjorden", + [ + "Selbjørnsfjorden is a fjord in Hordaland county, Norway. The long fjord flows east-west between the municipalities of Austevoll, Fitjar, and Bømlo. It is a wide fjord that starts at the Slåtterøy Lighthouse at the North Sea in the west and flows to the strait of Langenuen in the east. The central part of the fjord reaches about wide. The fjord is named after the nearby island of Selbjørn." + ] + ], + [ + "André Geerts", + [ + "André Geerts was born in Brussels in 1955. He studied at the Institut Saint-Luc art school in Brussels. He started working for \"Le Soir Jeunesse\" (the youth supplement of newspaper \"Le Soir\") in 1974, when he was only 18 years old, before joining the Franco-Belgian comics magazine \"Spirou\". His success series \"Jojo\", about the small scale, real life but humoristic adventures of a boy of seven years old, started in 1983, with on average one new album a year. \"Jojo\" was adapted to the animated television special \"\" on 2000, and a series was under development. He also created later on \"Mademoiselle Louise\", about a girl of about the same age as Jojo, but who is extremely rich and lonely." + ] + ], + [ + "Cambodian Civil War", + [ + "While the 1967 insurgency had been unplanned, the Khmer Rouge tried, without much success, to organize a more serious revolt during the following year. The prince's decimation of the Prachea Chon and the urban communists had, however, cleared the field of competition for Saloth Sar (also known as Pol Pot), Ieng Sary, and Son Sen—the Maoist leadership of the maquisards. They led their followers into the highlands of the northeast and into the lands of the Khmer Loeu, a primitive people who were hostile to both the lowland Khmers and the central government. For the Khmer Rouge, who still lacked assistance from the North Vietnamese, it was a period of regroupment, organization, and training. Hanoi basically ignored its Chinese-sponsored allies, and the indifference of their \"fraternal comrades\" to their insurgency between 1967 and 1969 would make an indelible impression on the Khmer Rouge leadership.On 17 January 1968, the Khmer Rouge launched their first offensive. It was aimed more at gathering weapons and spreading propaganda than in seizing territory since, at that time, the adherents of the insurgency numbered no more than 4–5,000. During the same month, the communists established the Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea as the military wing of the party. As early as the end of the Battambang revolt, Sihanouk had begun to reevaluate his relationship with the communists. His earlier agreement with the Chinese had availed him nothing. They had not only failed to restrain the North Vietnamese, but they had actually involved themselves (through the Khmer Rouge) in active subversion within his country." + ] + ], + [ + "Ivaň (Brno-Country District)", + [ + "Ivaň is a village in the Brno-Country District, South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. On the date August 28, 2006 it had 704 inhabitants. First written notice about village is from year 1257. It lies on the Jihlava River." + ] + ], + [ + "Where Dead Voices Gather", + [ + "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Iraq War", + [ + "The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States - led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3 -- 4 years of conflict. The U.S. became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion occurred as part of a declared war against international terrorism and its sponsors under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush following the September 11 terrorist attacks." + ] + ], + [ + "Gregorian calendar", + [ + "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS)." + ] + ], + [ + "Migraine", + [ + "Worldwide, migraines affect nearly 15% or approximately one billion people. It is more common in women at 19% than men at 11%. In the United States, about 6% of men and 18% of women get a migraine in a given year, with a lifetime risk of about 18% and 43% respectively. In Europe, migraines affect 12–28% of people at some point in their lives with about 6–15% of adult men and 14–35% of adult women getting at least one yearly. Rates of migraines are slightly lower in Asia and Africa than in Western countries. Chronic migraines occur in approximately 1.4 to 2.2% of the population.These figures vary substantially with age: migraines most commonly start between 15 and 24 years of age and occur most frequently in those 35 to 45 years of age. In children, about 1.7% of 7 year olds and 3.9% of those between 7 and 15 years have migraines, with the condition being slightly more common in boys before puberty. During adolescence migraines become more common among women and this persists for the rest of the lifespan, being two times more common among elderly females than males. In women migraines without aura are more common than migraines with aura, however in men the two types occur with similar frequency.During perimenopause symptoms often get worse before decreasing in severity. While symptoms resolve in about two thirds of the elderly, in between 3 and 10% they persist." + ] + ], + [ + "Iraq War", + [ + "The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States - led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3 -- 4 years of conflict. The U.S. became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion occurred under the pretext of a declared war against international terrorism and its sponsors under the administration of US President George W. Bush following the September 11 terror attacks." + ] + ], + [ + "Avatar (band)", + [ + "On October 24, 2017, Avatar released a new single called ``A Statue of the King '', along with the announcement that they will release their seventh album,`` Avatar Country'', on January 12, 2018. It was also announced the dates of the new Avatar tour, Called ``Avatar Country Tour '', which starts in January 2018 in North America and arrives in Europe in March of the same year." + ] + ], + [ + "Ignacio López Rayón", + [ + "Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid (present-day Michoacán), New Spain – February 2, 1832 in Mexico City) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after Miguel Hidalgo's death, during the first years of the Mexican War of Independence. He subsequently established the first government, Zitacuaro Council, and first constitution, Constitutional Elements, of the proposed independent nation." + ] + ], + [ + "Voting age", + [ + "Before the Second World War, the voting age in almost all countries was 21 years or higher. Czechoslovakia was the first to reduce the voting age to 20 years in 1946, and by 1968 a total of 17 countries had lowered their voting age. Many countries, particularly in Western Europe, reduced their voting ages to 18 years during the 1970s, starting with the United Kingdom (1969), with the United States (26th Amendment) (1971), Canada, West Germany (1972), Australia (1974), France (1974), and others following soon afterwards. By the end of the 20th century, 18 had become by far the most common voting age. However, a few countries maintain a voting age of 20 years or higher. It was argued that young men could be drafted to go to war at 18, and many people felt they should be able to vote at the age of 18." + ] + ], + [ + "Tebicuary River", + [ + "The Tebicuary River (Spanish: Río Tebicuary), a tributary of Paraguay River is a river in Paraguay. Located in the southwestern part of that country, it flows eastwards discharging to Paraguay River about 45 km south of Formosa and 30 km north of Pilar." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__801799_547811_41132", + "question": "How many times did plague occur in the birth city of the composer of La fida ninfa?", + "answer": "22", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Black Death", + 0 + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + 0 + ], + [ + "La fida ninfa", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "La Cantuta massacre", + [ + "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Mexican passport", + [ + "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior" + ] + ], + [ + "2010 Elazığ earthquake", + [ + "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries." + ] + ], + [ + "Acral necrosis", + [ + "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful." + ] + ], + [ + "Education", + [ + "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy." + ] + ], + [ + "La La La (Never Give It Up)", + [ + "\"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" is the debut single by Swedish singer and songwriter September. It was released on 2 June 2003 on Stockholm Records and is featured on September's self-titled debut album, released in 2004. \"La La La (Never Give It Up)\" peaked at #8 on the Swedish single chart. As of December 2007, it is ranked as #653 on Best place of all time on the Swedish charts." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes." + ] + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + [ + "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli." + ] + ], + [ + "Natural-born-citizen clause", + [ + "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil." + ] + ], + [ + "Montevideo", + [ + "In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including \"El Tango supremo\", La Cumparsita\", La Milonga\", \"La Puñalada\" and \"Desde el Alma\", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "Medical knowledge had stagnated during the Middle Ages. The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a \"great pestilence in the air\". This report became the first and most widely circulated of a series of plague tracts that sought to give advice to sufferers. That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory. Today, this is known as the Miasma theory. The word 'plague' had no special significance at this time, and only the recurrence of outbreaks during the Middle Ages gave it the name that has become the medical term." + ] + ], + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth", + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade." + ] + ], + [ + "La fida ninfa", + [ + "La fida ninfa (\"The Faithful Nymph\") is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\")." + ] + ], + [ + "Preterm birth", + [ + "Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks' gestational age. These babies are known as preemies or premies. Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and sight problems. These risks are greater the earlier a baby is born." + ] + ], + [ + "Storming of the Bastille", + [ + "The Storming of the Bastille (French: Prise de la Bastille (pʁiz də la bastij)) occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval fortress, armory, and political prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the center of Paris. The prison contained just seven inmates at the time of its storming but was a symbol of abuses by the monarchy; its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution." + ] + ], + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli", + [ + "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The plague disease, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents, including marmots, in various areas including Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India and Uganda. Due to climate change in Asia, rodents began to flee the dried out grasslands to more populated areas, spreading the disease. Nestorian graves dating to 1338 -- 1339 near Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague and are thought by many epidemiologists to mark the outbreak of the epidemic, from which it could easily have spread to China and India. In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in China. In China, the 13th - century Mongol conquest caused a decline in farming and trading. However, economic recovery had been observed at the beginning of the 14th century. In the 1330s, a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople in 1347." + ] + ], + [ + "La Rosiere de Pessac", + [ + "La Rosière de Pessac (The Virgin of Pessac) is the title of two hour-long films directed by Jean Eustache (in 1968 and 1979 respectively). The films cover an annual ceremony, held in Eustache's place of birth, in which the mayor and his associates nominate a girl as the town's most virtuous. Thus, the girls chosen in those two years are eponymous subjects of these documentaries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__124807_135019", + "question": "Who is the mother of Nephalion's father?", + "answer": "Europa", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Minos", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nephalion", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Minos", + [ + "In Greek mythology, Minos (; , \"Minōs\") was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld." + ] + ], + [ + "Nephalion", + [ + "In Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: Νηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros." + ] + ], + [ + "Spencer family (The Bold and the Beautiful)", + [ + "William ``Liam ''Spencer III (Scott Clifton) Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and his college girlfriend Kelly Hopkins. Raised by his mother and stepfather without knowing his father until his mother died and he discovered, with the help of Hope Logan, that Bill was his father. He is married to Steffy Forrester. Wyatt Spencer (Darin Brooks) Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Quinn Fuller. Former executive of Quinn Artisan Jewelers, and currently works at Spencer Publications. Raised by his mother, and thought his father was dead until he met Hope Logan, who helped uncover that Bill was his father. Wyatt has become known for having many similar traits with his father. Caroline Spencer (Linsey Godfrey) Daughter of Karen Spencer, named after Karen's twin sister. New York City socialite and fashion designer at Forrester Creations. She is the head of the Caroline Spencer Cancer Foundation. She is the mother of Douglas Forrester. William Logan`` Will'' Spencer IV Son of Bill Spencer Jr. and Katie Logan." + ] + ], + [ + "8 Simple Rules", + [ + "Cate S. Hennessy (née Egan), portrayed by Katey Sagal, is the wife, mother, nurse, and easily the most sane and composed person in the family. She takes a nursing job at the kids' school so she can work standard hours and spend more time with the kids. Cate starts dating her kids' high - school principal, Ed Gibb (portrayed by Adam Arkin), towards the end of season three. During her teens, she was more or less just as popular, scheming, and rebellious as Bridget, thus she is usually the first to notice when Bridget is up to something. She received her middle name ``Stinky ''as a result of her father promising his best friend he would name one of his children after him after accidentally stabbing him with a bayonet while they were drunk in Korea; to hide this, she claims that the S stands for`` Stacy.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Baldo", + [ + "Chris Baldo (real name Christian Baldauff, 24 June 1943 - 24 January 1995) was a Luxembourgish singer. He was born to a French mother, and a Luxembourgish father, in Luxembourg." + ] + ], + [ + "Greeks", + [ + "Greek surnames were widely in use by the 9th century supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father’s name, however Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine proper nouns in the nominative case. Exceptionally, some end in -ou, indicating the genitive case of this proper noun for patronymic reasons. Although surnames in mainland Greece are static today, dynamic and changing patronymic usage survives in middle names where the genitive of father's first name is commonly the middle name (this usage having been passed on to the Russians). In Cyprus, by contrast, surnames follow the ancient tradition of being given according to the father’s name. Finally, in addition to Greek-derived surnames many have Latin, Turkish and Italian origin." + ] + ], + [ + "Douglas Fairbairn", + [ + "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955." + ] + ], + [ + "Christian Tanna", + [ + "Christian Tanna (born Christian Koshowski in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. He began playing drums in high school, and with his brother, Jagori Tanna, formed I Mother Earth in 1990. Tanna played on 1993's \"Dig\", 1996's \"Scenery and Fish\", 1999's \"Blue Green Orange\", and 2003's \"The Quicksilver Meat Dream\". He wrote all of I Mother Earth's lyrics, and has a distinct, psychedelic style of writing." + ] + ], + [ + "Grover Cleveland", + [ + "Stephen Grover Cleveland was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, to Ann (née Neal) and Richard Falley Cleveland. Cleveland's father was a Congregational and Presbyterian minister who was originally from Connecticut. His mother was from Baltimore and was the daughter of a bookseller. On his father's side, Cleveland was descended from English ancestors, the first of the family having emigrated to Massachusetts from Cleveland, England in 1635. His father's maternal grandfather, Richard Falley Jr., fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and was the son of an immigrant from Guernsey. On his mother's side, Cleveland was descended from Anglo-Irish Protestants and German Quakers from Philadelphia. Cleveland was distantly related to General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city of Cleveland, Ohio, was named." + ] + ], + [ + "Ram Singh Kaswan", + [ + "Ram Singh Kaswan (born 10 August 1945) is leader of Bharatiya Janata Party and Member of Parliament from Churu in Rajasthan, India. He was born on 10 August 1945 at village Kalri in Churu district (Rajasthan). His father’s name is Deep Chand and mother’s Kastoori Devi." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Gerald Ford", + [ + "Michael Gerald Ford (born March 14, 1950) is the oldest of four children of U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford. Prior to his birth, Ford's mother wanted to name him after his father. However, Ford's father had always disliked being called \"Junior\" and he refused to \"inflict the nickname on any son.\" The Fords settled on his name as a compromise." + ] + ], + [ + "Marshall Eriksen", + [ + "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Andy Barclay", + [ + "Andy Barclay Child's Play character Andy in Child's Play 2 First appearance Child's Play Created by Don Mancini Portrayed by Alex Vincent (1 - 2, 6 - 7) Justin Whalin (3) Information Full name Andrew William Barclay Gender Male Family Karen Barclay (mother) Mr. Barclay (deceased father) Michael Norris (stepfather) Kyle (foster sister) Phil Simpson (deceased foster father) Joanne Simpson (deceased foster mother) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Jacques Perrin", + [ + "Jacques Perrin (born Jacques André Simonet; 13 July 1941) is a French actor and filmmaker. He is occasionally credited as Jacques Simonet. Simonet was his father's name and Perrin his mother's." + ] + ], + [ + "Primo Riccitelli", + [ + "One of six children, he was born in the village of Cognoli, Campli in the Abruzzo Region of Italy. His father, Giuseppe, was a small land owner and his mother, Maria Maiaroli, a homemaker. The one-day-old infant was baptized at the local parish hall of Molviano with the first name Pancrazio. He would later perform under the stage name, Primo Riccitelli." + ] + ], + [ + "Guy Sajer", + [ + "Guy Sajer (born Guy Mouminoux, 13 January 1927 in Paris), is a French writer, author of \"Le soldat oublié\" (1965, translated as \"The Forgotten Soldier\"), and a cartoonist under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. He is the son of a French father and a German mother: Sajer is his mother's maiden name." + ] + ], + [ + "List of The Mortal Instruments characters", + [ + "Jace Wayland / Morgenstern / Lightwood / Herondale is a Shadowhunter living at the New York Institute with his adopted family. Jace's legal name changes throughout the series, from Jace Wayland (when his father is thought to be Michael Wayland), to Jonathan Morgenstern (Valentine's son), to Jace Lightwood for the family that has taken him in, to Jace Herondale (when his true father is revealed to be Stephen Herondale). His mother was the young Celiné Herondale, a member of Valentine's inner circle with Stephen Herondale, his father." + ] + ], + [ + "Louis Dubrau", + [ + "The daughter of Catherine Desmedt, a native of Belgium, and She was born in Brussels. Her father, a native of the Lorraine region of France, committed suicide when she was two years old. She was educated at the Sorbonne and the Collège de France in Paris. She published her first poem in 1934 in the literary magazine \"Le Thyrse\" under the name Louis Dubrau. She wrote under a masculine name to avoid any bias of the critics towards women; Dubrau was the name of her father's mother. In 1935, she married Fernand Janson." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Perew", + [ + "He was born in Philadelphia, PA and died in Denton, TX. His mother was Bernice Perew (maiden name Strahan) and his father was Robert Jackman Perew. His paternal grandfather was Captain Frank Perew, owner of a fleet of cargo ships on the Great Lakes during the mid - latter 19th Century." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth Medora Leigh", + [ + "Elizabeth Medora Leigh (15 April 1814 – 28 August 1849) was the third daughter of Augusta Leigh. It is widely speculated that she was fathered by her mother's half-brother Lord Byron, although her mother's husband Colonel George Leigh was her official father." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__669160_139339", + "question": "What was the director of Addicted to Love nominated for?", + "answer": "Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Griffin Dunne", + 0 + ], + [ + "Addicted to Love (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Addicted to a Dollar", + [ + "\"Addicted to a Dollar\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Doug Stone, who wrote it along with Ray Hood, Kim Tribble and Ray Maddox. It was released in February 1994 as the second single from his album \"More Love\". The song was a number four country hit in the US, and number one in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Psychology of Addictive Behaviors", + [ + "Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Psychological Association that publishes original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors 8 times a year. The current editor-in-chief is Nancy M. Petry (University of Connecticut School of Medicine)." + ] + ], + [ + "Through a Blue Lens", + [ + "Through a Blue Lens is a Canadian documentary film produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film follows interactions between police officers and drug addicts and documents the extreme poverty and suffering many addicts endure." + ] + ], + [ + "George C. Webb", + [ + "George C. Webb was an American art director. He was nominated for four Academy Awards in the category Best Art Direction." + ] + ], + [ + "Why Can't We Be a Family Again?", + [ + "Why Can't We Be a Family Again? is a 2002 American short documentary film directed by Roger Weisberg and Murray Nossel about two African American brothers in Brooklyn struggling to reunite with their mother, a recovering drug addict. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short." + ] + ], + [ + "Gregory La Cava", + [ + "Gregory La Cava (March 10, 1892 – March 1, 1952) was an American film director of Italian descent best known for his films of the 1930s, including \"My Man Godfrey\" and \"Stage Door\", which earned him nominations for Academy Award for Best Director." + ] + ], + [ + "The Artist and the Model", + [ + "The Artist and the Model (French: \"L'artiste et son modèle\") is a 2012 French-language Spanish drama film directed by Fernando Trueba and written by Trueba and Jean-Claude Carrière. In 2012, Fernando Trueba was nominated for the Golden Shell and won the Silver Shell for Best Director at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. The year after, the film was nominated for 13 categories in the 27th Goya Awards, including Best Film and Best Director." + ] + ], + [ + "Petter Næss", + [ + "Petter Næss (born 14 March 1960 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian actor and film director. His first film as a director was the comedy \"Absolutt blåmandag\" in 1999. Næss is best known for his work directing two of the three films about Ingvar Ambjørnsen's Elling character, \"Elling\" (2000), which was nominated for the foreign language film Oscar and \"Elsk meg i morgen\" (Love Me Tomorrow), (2005), in addition to \"Bare Bea\" (2003), \"Mozart and the Whale\" (2005) and \"Hoppet\" (\"The Jump\", 2007) in Sweden. In 2008 Næss portrayed the war hero Martin Linge in the movie \"Max Manus\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Lara's Theme", + [ + "``Lara's Theme ''is the name given to a leitmotif written for the film Doctor Zhivago (1965) by composer Maurice Jarre. Soon afterward, the leitmotif became the basis of the song`` Somewhere, My Love''. In 1967, ``Somewhere my love ''was nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. It lost to`` Michelle'' by The Beatles." + ] + ], + [ + "Griffin Dunne", + [ + "In 1995, Griffin Dunne was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for \"Duke of Groove\", which he directed and co-wrote. He shared the nomination with producer Thom Colwell. Along with his producing partner, actress/producer Amy Robinson, he has produced several films including \"Baby It's You\", \"After Hours\", \"Running on Empty\" and \"Game 6\" through their company, Double Play Productions." + ] + ], + [ + "List of accolades received by La La Land", + [ + "La La Land received 14 nominations at the 89th Academy Awards tying records for most nominations by a single film with All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997). It won six, Best Director (Chazelle), Best Actress (Stone), Best Cinematography (Sandgren), Best Original Score (Hurwitz), Best Original Song (``City of Stars ''), and Best Production Design (the Wascos). At the ceremony, the film was also incorrectly announced as the winner for Best Picture (which it lost to Moonlight) after the presenters had been given the wrong envelope, and Chazelle became the youngest winner of the Best Director award. The film garnered a leading seven Golden Globe Award nominations -- Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy, Best Director, Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy for Gosling, Best Actress -- Musical or Comedy, Best Screenplay, Best Original Score, and Best Original Song (`` City of Stars''). Winning all of its nominations, it became the film with the most Golden Globe Awards." + ] + ], + [ + "Underground Secrets", + [ + "Underground Secrets () is a 1991 Swedish drama film directed by Clas Lindberg. Lindberg won the award for Best Screenplay and was nominated for Best Director at the 27th Guldbagge Awards." + ] + ], + [ + "Azhagai Irukkirai Bayamai Irukkirathu", + [ + "Azhagai Irukkirai Bayamai Irukkirathu (also known as \"AIBI\"; ) is a 2006 Indian Tamil romantic comedy film written and directed by cinematographer-turned-director S.D. Vijay Milton. It starring Bharath and Mallika Kapoor (making her Kollywood debut) in lead and Arun Vijay, Deepu, Renuka and M. S. Baskar in vital supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The film — inspired by the 1997 Hollywood film \"Addicted to Love\", starring Matthew Broderick and Meg Ryan — was released on 14 April 2006. Upon release, the film was dubbed into Telugu and released as \"Maha Andamga Vunnavani Bhayam\". The story tells a love relationship between two playful youngsters and their sacrifices." + ] + ], + [ + "Nonprofit organization", + [ + "The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these \"board-only\" organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fellow directors nominations. Part VI, section A, question 7a of the Form 990 asks \"members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body?\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Addicted to Love (film)", + [ + "Addicted to Love is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne, starring Meg Ryan, Matthew Broderick, Tchéky Karyo, and Kelly Preston. The movie's title is based on Robert Palmer's song \"Addicted to Love\", a cover of which by Neneh Cherry is featured in the film." + ] + ], + [ + "For Love of Ivy", + [ + "For Love of Ivy is a 1968 romantic comedy film directed by Daniel Mann. The film stars Sidney Poitier, Abbey Lincoln, Beau Bridges, Nan Martin, Lauri Peters and Carroll O'Connor. The story was written by Sidney Poitier with screenwriter Robert Alan Arthur. The musical score was composed by Quincy Jones. The theme song \"For Love of Ivy\", written by Quincy Jones and Bob Russell, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The film received Golden Globe supporting acting nominations for Beau Bridges and Abbey Lincoln." + ] + ], + [ + "Addicted to Music", + [ + "Addicted to Music is the fourth studio album by German DJ and remixer ATB. It was released in 2003 and includes songs such as \"I Don't Wanna Stop\", \"Long Way Home\" and \"In Love with the DJ/Sunset Girl\". The first two were released as singles from this album, both with promotional videos, while the third was released as a remix-single, from \"The DJ in the Mix\" compilation." + ] + ], + [ + "Geoffrey Drake", + [ + "Geoffrey Drake (1911–1995) was an English production designer and art director. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film \"Young Winston\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Ben Silvey", + [ + "Ben Silvey (May 23, 1894– February 7, 1948) was an American assistant director, producer and production manager. He was nominated at the 6th Academy Awards for the short lived Best Assistant Director category." + ] + ], + [ + "Twelve (2010 film)", + [ + "Twelve is a 2010 American-French action drama teen film directed by Joel Schumacher. The film was written by Jordan Melamed, adapted from Nick McDonell's novel of the same name. The film, a story of drug addiction, violence, and sex among wealthy teenagers from Manhattan's Upper East Side, was released on August 6, 2010, after several delays, to both critical and commercial failure. It is rated R for violence, drug use, and nudity. The film was nominated for Choice Summer Movie Star (female) at the Teen Choice Awards." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__426860_88460_30152_20999", + "question": "How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where That Dam is found?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "That Dam", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard." + ] + ], + [ + "Natural Dam, Arkansas", + [ + "Natural Dam is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. Natural Dam is located on Arkansas Highway 59, north-northwest of Cedarville. Natural Dam has a post office with ZIP code 72948. Lee Creek Bridge, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the community." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most - populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "That Dam", + [ + "That Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827." + ] + ], + [ + "Temples of modern India", + [ + "Temples of modern India was a term coined by India's first Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru while inaugurating Bhakra Nangal Dam to describe scientific research institutes, steel plants, power plants, dams being launched in India after independence to jumpstart scientific and industrial progress. Dams are known as temples of modern India. These projects were part of his vision of development of modern India with a mix of heavy industries and scientific research institutes." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Lam Takhong Dam", + [ + "The Lam Takhong Dam (; ) is an embankment dam on the Lam Takhong River between Pak Chong District and Sikhio District in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The dam was originally constructed in 1974 for the purposes of irrigation and water supply but after 2002, its water storage also serves as the lower reservoir for the Lam Takhong pumped storage power plant, Thailand's first power plant of that type." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Vajiralongkorn Dam", + [ + "Vajiralongkorn Dam (; ), also called the Khao Laem Dam (), is a concrete-faced rock-fill dam (CFRD) in Thong Pha Phum District in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The dam lies across the Khwae Noi River (River Kwai) and was renamed Vajiralongkorn Dam after King Vajiralongkorn on 13 July 2001 when he was crown prince. Vajiralongkorn Dam is Thailand's first CFRD and supplies a 300 MW hydroelectric power station with water. The dam was built and is managed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)." + ] + ], + [ + "Patani United Liberation Organisation", + [ + "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__159902_362941", + "question": "Where was the person featured on the Chester Arthur coin born?", + "answer": "Mount Laurel Township", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of First Ladies of the United States", + 0 + ], + [ + "Paulsdale", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Coins of the Australian dollar", + [ + "``Gold ''one - dollar and two - dollar coins were introduced in the 1980s. The one - dollar coin was introduced in 1984, to replace the banknote of the same value. The two - dollar coin, also replacing a banknote, was introduced in 1988. These have content of 2% nickel, 6% aluminium and 92% copper. Thus, all Australian coins in use currently are composed of more than half copper. The two - dollar coin is smaller in diameter than the one - dollar coin, but the two - dollar is slightly thicker." + ] + ], + [ + "Chester Alan Arthur II", + [ + "Chester Alan Arthur II, also known as Alan Arthur, (July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937) was a son of President Chester A. Arthur. He studied at Princeton University and Columbia University's Law School. After completing his studies, Arthur traveled throughout Europe for 10 years. In 1900 he married in Switzerland and moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado to improve his health." + ] + ], + [ + "Chester Stiles", + [ + "Chester \"Chet\" Arthur Stiles (born September 14, 1970 in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American criminal who gained notoriety after he appeared in video clips of himself raping and sexually abusing a girl who was three years old at the time. The video was made in 2003 but surfaced in the Nevada desert in 2007. Based in Pahrump, Nevada, both the FBI and the Las Vegas Police launched a nationwide manhunt which led to his capture. He was caught and appeared in court on October 17, 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Immigration Act of 1882", + [ + "The Immigration Act of 1882 was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on August 3, 1882. It imposed a head tax on noncitizens of the United States who came to American ports and restricted certain classes of people from immigrating to America, including criminals, the insane, or ``any person unable to take care of him or herself. ''The act created what is recognized as the first federal immigration bureaucracy and laid the foundation for more regulations on immigration, such as the Immigration Act of 1891." + ] + ], + [ + "Chester, New Hampshire", + [ + "Chester is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,768 at the 2010 census. It was home to the now defunct Chester College (formerly White Pines College)." + ] + ], + [ + "United States dollar", + [ + "The United States Mint produces Proof Sets specifically for collectors and speculators. Silver Proofs tend to be the standard designs but with the dime, quarter, and half dollar containing 90% silver. Starting in 1983 and ending in 1997, the Mint also produced proof sets containing the year's commemorative coins alongside the regular coins. Another type of proof set is the Presidential Dollar Proof Set where four special $1 coins are minted each year featuring a president. Because of budget constraints and increasing stockpiles of these relatively unpopular coins, the production of new Presidential dollar coins for circulation was suspended on December 13, 2011, by U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner. Future minting of such coins will be made solely for collectors." + ] + ], + [ + "Two pounds (British coin)", + [ + "The coin was introduced on 15 June 1998 (coins minted 1997) after a review of the United Kingdom's coinage decided that a general - circulation £2 coin was needed. The new Bi-metallic coin design replaced a series of commemorative, uni-metallic coins which were issued between 1986 and 1996 to celebrate special occasions. Although legal tender, these coins have never been common in everyday circulation." + ] + ], + [ + "Popcorn (Luiz Henrique and Walter Wanderley album)", + [ + "Popcorn is a 1967 jazz album by vocalist Luiz Henrique and organist Walter Wanderley with band on Verve Records. The album features Luiz Henrique, guitar and vocals, Walter Wanderley, organ; Sivuca, accordion; Romeo Penque, flute, Affonso de Paula, percussion, with James Kappes, Gary Chester, or Donald MacDonald on drums." + ] + ], + [ + "One pound (British coin)", + [ + "Since 28 March 2017, two versions of the one pound coin have been in circulation -- the original round design and a new dodecagonal (12 - sided) design. As of March 2014 there were an estimated 1,553 million round £1 coins in circulation, of which the Royal Mint estimated in 2014 that 3.04% (i.e. about 47 million) were counterfeit. In an effort to counter this, the Royal Mint introduced the new 12 - sided coin, which is bimetallic like the current £2 coin, and features an undisclosed hidden security feature called 'iSIS' (Integrated Secure Identification Systems). The round pound will remain in circulation until 15 October 2017. After that date, the older coin can only be redeemed at banks." + ] + ], + [ + "United States dollar", + [ + "Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and replaced with cupronickel. However, since 1992, the U.S. Mint has produced special Silver Proof Sets in addition to the regular yearly proof sets with silver dimes, quarters, and half dollars in place of the standard copper-nickel versions. In addition, an experimental $4.00 (Stella) coin was also minted in 1879, but never placed into circulation, and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Chester, Idaho", + [ + "Chester is an unincorporated community in Fremont County, Idaho, United States. Chester is located on U.S. Route 20 northeast of St. Anthony. Chester has a post office with ZIP code 83421." + ] + ], + [ + "One pound (British coin)", + [ + "The British one pound (£1) coin is a denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse bears the Latin engraving DG REG ``Dei Gratia Regina ''meaning,`` By the grace of God, Queen'' and FD meaning Fidei defensor, Defender of the Faith. It has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 21 April 1983. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The design on the reverse side of the new 2017 coin features four emblems to represent each of the nations of the United Kingdom -- the English rose, the leek for Wales, the Scottish thistle, and the shamrock for Northern Ireland -- emerging from a single stem within a crown." + ] + ], + [ + "Focus (Chico Freeman album)", + [ + "Focus is an album by American jazz saxophonist Chico Freeman featuring Arthur Blythe recorded in 1994 and released on the Contemporary label." + ] + ], + [ + "Five pounds (British coin)", + [ + "The British five pound (£5) coin is a commemorative denomination of the pound sterling. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction in 1990. Two different portraits of the Queen have graced the coin, with the latest design by Ian Rank - Broadley being introduced in 1998. The coin has no standard reverse; instead it is altered each year to commemorate important events. Variant obverses have also been used on occasion." + ] + ], + [ + "List of First Ladies of the United States", + [ + "In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul." + ] + ], + [ + "Enon, Virginia", + [ + "Enon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States, just east of Chester. The population as of the 2010 Census was 3,466. It has the zip code 23836 and GPS coordinates 37.3504000, −77.3254000." + ] + ], + [ + "United States dollar", + [ + "Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support." + ] + ], + [ + "Five pence (British coin)", + [ + "The British decimal five pence (5p) coin -- often pronounced five pee -- is a unit of currency equaling five one - hundredths of a pound sterling. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 23rd April 1968, replacing the shilling in preparation for decimalisation in 1971. A smaller version of the coin was introduced in June 1990 with the older coins being withdrawn on 31st December 1990. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "The Valley of Fear (film)", + [ + "The Valley of Fear is a British silent adventure film of 1916 directed by Alexander Butler and starring Harry Arthur Saintsbury, Daisy Burrell and Booth Conway. The film is an adaptation of \"The Valley of Fear\", a novel by Arthur Conan Doyle published in 1915 and featuring Sherlock Holmes. This is now considered a lost film." + ] + ], + [ + "Paulsdale", + [ + "Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__607269_467331_162182", + "question": "In what region of the country where Ha Hoa is located is the city where Zone 5 Military Museum is found?", + "answer": "South Central Coast", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Hạ Hòa District", + 0 + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + 0 + ], + [ + "South Central Coast", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Hạ Hòa District", + [ + "Hạ Hòa is a rural district of Phú Thọ Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 108,556. The district covers an area of 340 km². The district capital lies at Hạ Hòa." + ] + ], + [ + "Kersa, Arsi", + [ + "Kersa is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. Located in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2784 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Munesa woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Bessonne", + [ + "The Zec de la Bessonne is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting area) (ZEC) near La Tuque in administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. A territory of was assigned in 1978 to the Zec." + ] + ], + [ + "Dila, Ethiopia", + [ + "Dilla () is a market town and separate woreda in southern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR), it is located on the main road from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. The town has a longitude and latitude of , with an elevation of 1570 meters above sea level. It was part of Wenago woreda and is currently surrounded by Dila Zuria woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "J. Millard Tawes Historical Museum", + [ + "The J. Tawes Historical Museum is located on the Somers Cove Marina, Crisfield, Maryland, United States. The museum focuses on the history of the Lower Shore region, including the local people, towns and industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Bike, Ethiopia", + [ + "Bike () is a town in central Ethiopia of the Somali Region in the Shinile Zone. It is located 72 km west of Shinile. The town is located on the main railway between Djibouti City and Addis Ababa." + ] + ], + [ + "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang", + [ + "The Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Berhale (woreda)", + [ + "Berahle is one of the woredas in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Administrative Zone 2, Berahle's territory includes part of the Afar Depression. This woreda is bordered on the south by Afdera and Abala, on the southwest by the Tigray Region, on the west by Koneba, on the north by Dallol, and on the northeast by Eritrea. Towns in Berahle include Berhale and Tiyarabora." + ] + ], + [ + "Mankush", + [ + "Mankush is a town in western Ethiopia. Located in the Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Mankush is the largest settlement in Guba woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Said Governorate", + [ + "Port Said Governorate ( \"\") is one of the Canal Zone governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea at the northern gate of the Suez Canal, making it the second most important harbor in Egypt. Its capital is the city of Port Said, and is the home of the Suez Canal Authority historical administrative building and the Lighthouse of Port Said." + ] + ], + [ + "Menz Keya Gebreal", + [ + "Menz Keya Gebreal is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone, Menz Keya Gebreal is bordered on the southeast by Menz Lalo Midir, on the southwest by the Jamma River which separated it from Moretna Jiru, on the west by Merhabiete, on the northwest by the Qechene River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the northeast by Menz Gera Midir. The administrative center of this woreda is Zemero. Menz Keya Gebreal was part of the former Gera Midirna Keya Gebriel woreda." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Trinité", + [ + "The ZEC Trinity is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC) in the municipality of the town of Baie-Trinité, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (RCM), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord (North Shore), in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Impression 5 Science Center", + [ + "The Impression 5 Science Center, is a science museum located in downtown Lansing, Michigan. Formerly known as the \"Impression 5 Museum\", the center is located in a historic wagon works factory on the Grand River. The name, \"Impression 5\", refers to the five senses." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec Jeannotte, Québec", + [ + "The ZEC Jeannotte is a zone d'exploitation contrôlée (Controlled harvesting area), located in Lac-Édouard, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "South Central Coast", + [ + "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle", + [ + "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Vredeburg Museum", + [ + "Fort Vredeburg Museum (Official Indonesian name, Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta), was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta. The military complex has been converted into an Independence Struggle Museum which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace)." + ] + ], + [ + "German military administration in occupied France during World War II", + [ + "Military Administration in France Militärverwaltung in Frankreich Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne 1940 -- 1944 Flag Emblem German (pink) and Italian (green) occupation zones of France: the zone occupée, the zone libre, the zone interdite, the Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France, and annexed Alsace - Lorraine. Status Territory under German military administration Capital Paris Military Commander 1940 -- 1942 Otto von Stülpnagel 1942 -- 1944 Carl - Heinrich von Stülpnagel 1944 Karl Kitzinger Historical era World War II Second Compiègne armistice 22 June 1940 Case Anton 11 November 1942 Liberation of Paris 25 August 1944 Preceded by Succeeded by French Third Republic Provisional Government of the French Republic" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__140194_16797_51068", + "question": "What actress plays the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain on the network that aired The Dinosaurs?", + "answer": "Jenna - Louise Coleman", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Dinosaurs!", + 0 + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jenna Coleman", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Dinosaurs!", + [ + "The Dinosaurs!, American television miniseries produced by WHYY-TV for PBS in 1992, featuring some of the then-modern theories about dinosaurs and how they lived. It aired four episodes from November 22 to November 25, 1992." + ] + ], + [ + "Carmen Lamas", + [ + "Carmen Lamas (1900 in Spain – 1990 in Buenos Aires) was a Spanish-born tango singer, and the first Spanish actress who made her career in Argentina. Lamas debuted in 1921 in a cast headed by his father, Miguel Lamas, Spanish actor and director. She was one of the first important figures of the Teatro Maipo, a vedette in the group known at that time as \"Primera triple\"." + ] + ], + [ + "DinoSquad", + [ + "DinoSquad is an American animated television series that was produced by DiC Entertainment Corporation and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007 - September 12, 2009. Reruns of the show used to air in syndication as part of the Cookie Jar Kids Network block. The show ran on Cookie Jar Toons. This show, along with \"Sushi Pack\", was one of the last series produced by DiC before the company was acquired by and folded into Cookie Jar. The show was about five teenagers, each with the power to turn into a respective dinosaur. They use this power to fight the villainous Victor Veloci, who is intent on returning the world to the age of dinosaurs by turning humans and animals into new mutant dinosaurs and accelerating global warming." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died; \"Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too\", she wrote in her journal. \"It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Westminster Abbey", + [ + "Since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066, all coronations of English and British monarchs have been in Westminster Abbey. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Sally Struthers", + [ + "Sally Anne Struthers (born July 28, 1947) is an American actress, spokeswoman and activist. She played the roles of Gloria Stivic, the daughter of Archie and Edith Bunker (played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton) on All in the Family, for which she won two Emmy awards, and Babette on Gilmore Girls. She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Canadian monarchs", + [ + "Listed here are the monarchs who reigned over the French and British colonies of Canada, followed by the British Dominion of Canada, and finally the present - day sovereign state of Canada. The date of the first claim by a monarch over Canada varies, with most sources giving the year as 1497, when John Cabot made landfall somewhere on the North American coast (likely either modern - day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia), and claimed the land for England on behalf of King Henry VII. However, some sources instead put this date at 1534 when the word ``Canada ''was first used to refer to the French colony of Canada, which was founded in the name of King Francis I. Monarchical governance subsequently evolved under a continuous succession of French, British, and eventually uniquely Canadian sovereigns. Since the first claim by Henry VII, there have been 33 sovereigns of Canada, including two sets of co-sovereigns." + ] + ], + [ + "Dinosaur!", + [ + "Dinosaur! is a 1985 American television documentary film about dinosaurs. It was first broadcast in the United States on November 5, 1985, on CBS. Directed by Robert Guenette and written by Steven Paul Mark, \"Dinosaur!\" was hosted by the American actor Christopher Reeve, who some years before had played the leading role of \"Superman\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Elizabeth II", + [ + "When her father died in February 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She has reigned through major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012 respectively. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. She is the longest - lived and longest - reigning British monarch as well as the world's longest - reigning queen regnant and female head of state, the oldest and longest - reigning current monarch and the longest - serving current head of state." + ] + ], + [ + "When Dinosaurs Roamed America", + [ + "When Dinosaurs Roamed America (shortened to When Dinosaurs Roamed outside of the U.S.) is a two-hour American television program (produced in the style of a traditional nature documentary) that first aired on the Discovery Channel on July 15, 2001. The show features the reign of the dinosaurs in America over the course of more than 160 million years, through five different segments, each with their own variety of flora and fauna. Unlike \"Walking with Dinosaurs\", the show's creatures are almost entirely composed of computer-generated imagery, and is also one of the first documentaries to depict dromaeosaurs and therizinosaurs with nearly full coats of feathers." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of the Philippines", + [ + "Governor - General of the Philippines Residence Fort San Pedro (1565 -- 1572) Palacio del Gobernador (1572 -- 1863) Malacañang Palace (1863 -- 1945) Mansion House (1942 -- 1945) Appointer Viceroy of New Spain Monarch of Spain Monarch of Great Britain President of the United States Emperor of Japan Precursor Various, the barangay system Formation 27 April 1565 First holder Miguel López de Legazpi (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Wesley Merritt (under the United States) Masaharu Homma (under Japan) Final holder Diego de los Ríos (under Spain) Dawsonne Drake (under Great Britain) Frank Murphy (under the United States) Tomoyuki Yamashita (under Japan) Abolished 6 October 1945 Succession President of the Philippines" + ] + ], + [ + "Monarchy of the United Kingdom", + [ + "In 1714, Queen Anne was succeeded by her second cousin, and Sophia's son, George I, Elector of Hanover, who consolidated his position by defeating Jacobite rebellions in 1715 and 1719. The new monarch was less active in government than many of his British predecessors, but retained control over his German kingdoms, with which Britain was now in personal union. Power shifted towards George's ministers, especially to Sir Robert Walpole, who is often considered the first British prime minister, although the title was not then in use. The next monarch, George II, witnessed the final end of the Jacobite threat in 1746, when the Catholic Stuarts were completely defeated. During the long reign of his grandson, George III, Britain's American colonies were lost, the former colonies having formed the United States of America, but British influence elsewhere in the world continued to grow, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created by the Acts of Union 1800." + ] + ], + [ + "British passport", + [ + "Safe conduct documents, usually notes signed by the monarch, were issued to foreigners as well as English subjects in medieval times. They were first mentioned in an Act of Parliament, the Safe Conducts Act in 1414. Between 1540 and 1685, the Privy Council issued passports, although they were still signed by the monarch until the reign of Charles II when the Secretary of State could sign them instead. The Secretary of State signed all passports in place of the monarch from 1794 onwards, at which time formal records started to be kept." + ] + ], + [ + "List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign", + [ + "Queen Elizabeth II became the longest - reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015 when she surpassed the reign of her great - great - grandmother Victoria. On 6 February 2017 she became the first British monarch to celebrate a sapphire jubilee, commemorating 65 years on the throne." + ] + ], + [ + "List of British monarchy records", + [ + "The shortest - reigning monarch was Lady Jane Grey who ruled for 9 days from 6 July until 15 July 1553 (although she was only proclaimed queen by the Lords of the Council on 10 July). Note: Jane's reign is disputed." + ] + ], + [ + "The Ilona Massey Show", + [ + "The Ilona Massey Show was a DuMont Television Network variety show hosted by actress Ilona Massey and featuring musician Irving Fields. Massey sang on a set built to resemble a nightclub. The show aired Mondays from November 1, 1954, to January 3, 1955 for a total of 10 episodes." + ] + ], + [ + "Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park", + [ + "The Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India, is a park which houses the fossilized remains and the petrified eggs of the dinosaurs. It is technically a man made fossil park and not the actual nesting grounds where the dinosaurs lived. The eggs and fossils on display here are actually from the world's 3rd largest dinosaur fossil excavation site and 2nd largest hatchery located at Raiyoli, Balasinor, Gujarat. The Park was set up by the Geological Survey of India and is the only dinosaur museum in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "List of English monarchs", + [ + "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs." + ] + ], + [ + "Georgian architecture", + [ + "Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range." + ] + ], + [ + "Jenna Coleman", + [ + "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__58939_213732", + "question": "Who is the child of Obama's opponent in his first election?", + "answer": "Meghan McCain", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics", + 0 + ], + [ + "2008 United States presidential election", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "National Renaissance Party (Dominican Republic)", + [ + "The National Renaissance Party () is a minor political party in the Dominican Republic. It first contested national elections in 1994, when it failed to win a seat. They again failed to win a seat in 1998, whilst their candidate received less than 1% of the vote in the 2000 presidential elections. For the 2002 elections it was part of the victorious Dominican Revolutionary Party-led alliance. It ran alone in the 2006 elections, but received only 0.1% of the national vote, failing to win a seat." + ] + ], + [ + "2009 Malawian general election", + [ + "General elections were held in Malawi on 19 May 2009. Incumbent President Bingu wa Mutharika ran for re-election; his main opponent was John Tembo, the president of the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Five other candidates also ran. The election was won by Mutharika, who was re-elected to the Presidency with around two-thirds of the vote. Mutharika's DPP also won a strong parliamentary majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Dreams from My Father", + [ + "Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (1995) is a memoir by Barack Obama, who was elected as U.S. President in 2008. It explores events of his early years, up until his entry into law school in 1988. Obama published the memoir in July 1995, when he was starting his political campaign for Illinois Senate. He had been elected as the first African - American president of the Harvard Law Review in 1990. According to The New York Times, Obama modeled Dreams from My Father on Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man." + ] + ], + [ + "Barack Obama", + [ + "Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. After graduating from Columbia University in 1983, he worked as a community organizer in Chicago. In 1988, he enrolled in Harvard Law School, where he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review. After graduating, he became a civil rights attorney and an academic, teaching constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He represented the 13th district for three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 until 2004 when he ran for the U.S. Senate. He received national attention in 2004 with his March primary win, his well-received July Democratic National Convention keynote address, and his landslide November election to the Senate. In 2008, he was nominated for president a year after his campaign began and after a close primary campaign against Hillary Clinton. He was elected over Republican John McCain and was inaugurated on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, he was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate." + ] + ], + [ + "Adamu Gumba", + [ + "Ibrahim Adamu Gumba (born 10 October 1948) is a Nigerian politician who was elected Senator for the Bauchi South constituency of Bauchi State, Nigeria in the April 2011 national elections. He ran on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) ticket." + ] + ], + [ + "Paul Comtois", + [ + "Born in Pierreville, Quebec, the son of Urbain Comtois and Elizabeth McCaffrey, he ran unsuccessfully for the House of Commons of Canada in the 1930 federal election and in a 1933 by-election. He was elected in 1957 election for the riding of Nicolet—Yamaska. A Progressive Conservative, he was re-elected in the 1958 election. From 1957 to 1961, he was the Minister of Mines and Technical Surveys. In 1961, he was appointed the 21st Lieutenant Governor of Quebec." + ] + ], + [ + "Movement for Changes", + [ + "In the 2006 parliamentary election, the party ran for the first time, winning 11 of 81 seats. It became a vocal opposition party and forged links with the Serb People's Party and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro in an attempt to unify the country's political opposition." + ] + ], + [ + "Ron Kirk", + [ + "Born in Austin, Texas, Kirk is a graduate of Austin's John H. Reagan High School, Austin College, and the University of Texas School of Law. From 1994 to 1995, Kirk worked as the Secretary of State of Texas, until he was elected as the Mayor of Dallas, where he served from 1995 to 2002 and was the first African-American to hold either of those positions. He ran for the United States Senate in 2002, but was defeated by Republican opponent John Cornyn. After his defeat, Kirk worked as a partner at the Houston-based law firm Vinson & Elkins and worked as a lobbyist for Energy Future Holdings and Merrill Lynch.Kirk was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve as U.S. Trade Representative and on March 18, 2009, and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in a 92–5 confirmation vote. On January 22, 2013, Kirk announced that he would be stepping down as U.S. Trade Rep." + ] + ], + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics", + [ + "Dirty Sexy Politics is a 2010 political memoir written by Meghan McCain, the daughter of Republican Senator John McCain, about the 2008 United States presidential election." + ] + ], + [ + "Let's Move!", + [ + "The campaign was announced on February 9, 2010 by Michelle Obama. She indicated the campaign would encourage healthier food in schools, better food labeling and more physical activity for children. On the same date, Obama signed a presidential memorandum creating the Task Force on Childhood Obesity to review current programs and develop a national action plan. The Task Force reviews policy and programs related to child nutrition and physical activity. It hopes to create change through a national action plan with five goals:" + ] + ], + [ + "Barack Obama", + [ + "Obama lived with anthropologist Sheila Miyoshi Jager while he was a community organizer in Chicago in the 1980s. He proposed to her twice, but both Jager and her parents turned him down. The relationship was only made public in May 2017, several months after Obama's presidency had ended.In June 1989, Obama met Michelle Robinson when he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin. Robinson was assigned for three months as Obama's adviser at the firm, and she joined him at several group social functions but declined his initial requests to date. They began dating later that summer, became engaged in 1991, and were married on October 3, 1992. The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in 1998, followed by a second daughter, Natasha (\"Sasha\"), in 2001. The Obama daughters attended the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. When they moved to Washington, D.C., in January 2009, the girls started at the Sidwell Friends School. The Obamas have two Portuguese Water Dogs; the first, a male named Bo, was a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy. In 2013, Bo was joined by Sunny, a female." + ] + ], + [ + "Mitro Repo", + [ + "Mitro Repo (born September 3, 1958) is a Finnish Orthodox Christian priest. He was member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014, elected as an independent candidate on the Social Democratic Party's ticket. He ran also in the 2014 election but received less than 9,000 votes compared to over 70,000 in the 2009 election, and was not re-elected." + ] + ], + [ + "115th United States Congress", + [ + "The One Hundred Fifteenth United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It meets in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of the Obama presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. The November 2016 elections maintained Republican control of both the House and Senate." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope Gregory X", + [ + "Pope Gregory X (;  – 10 January 1276), born Teobaldo Visconti, was Pope from 1 September 1271 to his death in 1276 and was a member of the Secular Franciscan Order. He was elected at the conclusion of a papal election that ran from 1268 to 1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church." + ] + ], + [ + "Brandon Vick", + [ + "Brandon Vick is an American politician of the Republican Party. He is a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 18th district, first elected to that position in 2012. He first ran for office against Ann Rivers for the seat in 2010, but lost. He once served as chairman of The Clark County Republican Party." + ] + ], + [ + "Alaska", + [ + "Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Rainer Bloess", + [ + "Rainer Bloess is a member of Ottawa City Council. He represents Innes Ward (Ward 2), covering some of the city's eastern suburbs. Bloess was originally a member of the city council of Gloucester, being first elected to that council in 1994 on a cost cutting platform. When Gloucester was merged into Ottawa in 2000 he ran for Ottawa city council and was elected with a majority of the vote, defeating Ed Campbell and two other candidates. He was subsequently re-elected in 2003, 2006, and 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Irene Griffin", + [ + "Irene T. Griffin (July 25, 1899 – April 1983) was an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly. She served one year in the Legislature, but became a bit of a perennial candidate, losing three races for the Assembly, two for the Senate, and one for Congress. Griffin first ran for the State Assembly in 1942, but lost the Republican primary to future U.S. Senator Clifford P. Case, future State Senator Kenneth Hand, and two others. When Case ran for Congress in 1944, Griffin ran again and won the nomination and the election. She did run for a second term in 1945, but sought the Republican nomination for State Senator in 1947, losing to hand in the primary. She ran again for Assembly in 1951, but lost the primary to incumbent Florence P. Dwyer. She again challenged Dwyer in 1956, this time in a primary for the U.S. House of Representatives; she lost and Dwyer went on to unseat an incumbent in the general election. She ran for the Assembly in 1957, upsetting the frontrunner, Nelson Stamler in the Republican primary. She lost the General Election to Democrat Mildred Barry Hughes. Griffin lost a State Senate primary in 1962 to Stamler, who had since been elected Assemblyman. In 1967, she lost a Republican primary for State Assembly to Hugo Pfaltz and Peter J. McDonough by a 2-1 margin." + ] + ], + [ + "2008 United States presidential election", + [ + "The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 4, 2008. The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama, a Senator from Illinois, and Joe Biden, a long - time Senator from Delaware, defeated the Republican ticket of Senator John McCain of Arizona and Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska. Obama became the first African American ever to be elected as president." + ] + ], + [ + "Barack Obama", + [ + "In May 2002, Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a 2004 U.S. Senate race. He created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August 2002. Obama formally announced his candidacy in January 2003.Obama was an early opponent of the George W. Bush administration's 2003 invasion of Iraq. On October 2, 2002, the day President Bush and Congress agreed on the joint resolution authorizing the Iraq War, Obama addressed the first high-profile Chicago anti-Iraq War rally, and spoke out against the war. He addressed another anti-war rally in March 2003 and told the crowd that \"it's not too late\" to stop the war.Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun to not participate in the election resulted in wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving 15 candidates. In the March 2004 primary election, Obama won in an unexpected landslide—which overnight made him a rising star within the national Democratic Party, started speculation about a presidential future, and led to the reissue of his memoir, Dreams from My Father. In July 2004, Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, seen by 9.1 million viewers. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party.Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan, withdrew from the race in June 2004. Six weeks later, Alan Keyes accepted the Republican nomination to replace Ryan. In the November 2004 general election, Obama won with 70% of the vote." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__151705_141308", + "question": "What company is I Dig Love's record label a part of?", + "answer": "Apple Corps", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "I Dig Love", + 0 + ], + [ + "Apple Records", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Asian Man Records", + [ + "Asian Man Records is a DIY record label run by Mike Park in Monte Sereno, California. Park started a record label and began releasing music in 1989 under the name Dill Records, with the Asian Man label established May 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Dig This!", + [ + "Dig This! is an album by American jazz flautist Bobbi Humphrey recorded in 1972 and released on the Blue Note label." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Sign", + [ + "\"Love Sign\" is a song by American musician Prince, from the \"1-800-NEW-FUNK\" compilation album released by his independent record label NPG Records in 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Blues", + [ + "The bassist and prolific songwriter and composer Willie Dixon played a major role on the Chicago blues scene. He composed and wrote many standard blues songs of the period, such as ``Hoochie Coochie Man '',`` I Just Want to Make Love to You'' (both penned for Muddy Waters) and, ``Wang Dang Doodle ''and`` Back Door Man'' for Howlin 'Wolf. Most artists of the Chicago blues style recorded for the Chicago - based Chess Records and Checker Records labels. Smaller blues labels of this era included Vee - Jay Records and J.O.B. Records. During the early 1950s, the dominating Chicago labels were challenged by Sam Phillips' Sun Records company in Memphis, which recorded B.B. King and Howlin 'Wolf before he moved to Chicago in 1960. After Phillips discovered Elvis Presley in 1954, the Sun label turned to the rapidly expanding white audience and started recording mostly rock' n 'roll." + ] + ], + [ + "Sound of Love", + [ + "Sound of Love is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1995 and on the Winter & Winter label in 1997." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label." + ] + ], + [ + "Face of a Fighter", + [ + "Face of a Fighter is an album by country singer Willie Nelson. It was recorded in 1961 but released in 1978 when Nelson founded his own label company, Lone Star Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Barbara Pittman", + [ + "Barbara Pittman (April 6, 1938 – October 29, 2005) was an American singer, one of the few female singers to record at Sun Studio. As a young teenager, she recorded some demos of songs for others. Pittman's most popular recordings include \"I Need A Man\" on the Sun label and \"Two Young Fools In Love\", released on Sam Phillips' International label." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its main international distributor Philips Records with the goal of CBS starting its own global record company. Philips' acquisition of Mercury Records in the US in 1961 paved the way for this. CBS only had the rights to the Columbia name in North America; therefore the international arm founded in 1961 and launched in 1962 utilized the \"CBS Records\" name only, with Philips Records distributing the label in Europe. CBS's Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "I Dig Love", + [ + "Leng draws parallels between \"I Dig Love\" and the Beatles' more free-form compositions of the late 1960s. Among these, Paul McCartney's \"Why Don't We Do It in the Road?\" exemplifies what Ian MacDonald termed in the 1990s the \"long-gone let-it-all-hang-out era\". In his book \"Working Class Mystic\", Gary Tillery identifies \"I Dig Love\" as one of two \"All Things Must Pass\" tracks (the other being \"Wah-Wah\") that could have been sung by John Lennon, whose style increasingly embraced provocative artistic statements following the start of his relationship with Yoko Ono in 1968. Leng also compares \"I Dig Love\" with \"Love the One You're With\", a \"hymn to hedonism\" by Stephen Stills, with whom Harrison worked on Doris Troy's eponymous album for Apple Records, in 1969–70." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout." + ] + ], + [ + "For Someone I Love", + [ + "For Someone I Love is an album by vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring big band performances arranged by Melba Liston recorded in 1963 and released on the Riverside label." + ] + ], + [ + "Rebelle Records", + [ + "Rebelle Records AB is a record label founded by Björn Afzelius in 1988. The name is a convergence of his two daughters' names \"Rebecca\" and \"Isabelle\". The company, which holds the rights to all of Afzelius music is now located in Snekkersten, Denmark." + ] + ], + [ + "Equator Records (Canada)", + [ + "Equator Records is an independent record label established in 2006 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The music label was founded by Matt Drouin and Fuzz de Grandpre. Equator has released three albums, Islands' \"Return to the Sea\", The Lovely Feathers' \"Hind Hind Legs\" and Teitur's second release, \"Stay Under the Stars\". There is no connection between this label and the Equator Records of Nairobi, Kenya." + ] + ], + [ + "Bob Shad", + [ + "Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 – March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Visions of Love", + [ + "Visions of Love is the last album of duo Robin and Linda Williams on the Sugar Hill Records label, released in 2002. They would move to Red House Records for their next release." + ] + ], + [ + "Apple Records", + [ + "Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger, and Billy Preston. In practice, the roster had become dominated by the mid-1970s with releases of the former Beatles as solo artists. Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973, then it was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the Beatles and their heirs. Aspinall retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Cargo Records (UK)", + [ + "Cargo Records is a record label based in London, England, which distributes musical recordings in the United Kingdom and Europe. The company currently distributes records in a wide variety of genres, both as a label in its own right and as a distributor for other independent record labels." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__848156_130869", + "question": "What state contains the place where Fatata te Miti is displayed?", + "answer": "Washington, D.C.", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Fatata te Miti (By the Sea)", + 0 + ], + [ + "National Gallery of Art", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Richmond Township, Marquette County, Michigan", + [ + "Richmond Township is a civil township of Marquette County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 974 at the 2000 census. Palmer, the Empire iron mine and the unincorporated areas of Suomi Location and Midway Location are located in the township." + ] + ], + [ + "Fatata te Miti (By the Sea)", + [ + "Fatata te Miti is an 1892 oil painting by French artist Paul Gauguin, located in the National Gallery of Art, in Washington, DC." + ] + ], + [ + "Canhotinho", + [ + "Canhotinho (\"Little Left-handed\") is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 223 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 24.381 inhabitants." + ] + ], + [ + "Hoani Te Heuheu Tukino VI", + [ + "Hoani Te Heuheu Tukino VI (1897–1944) was a notable New Zealand tribal leader and trust board chairman. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Ngati Tuwharetoa iwi. He was born in Waihi, New Zealand in 1897, the younger son of Tureiti Te Heuheu Tukino V." + ] + ], + [ + "Schicker Mound", + [ + "Schicker Mound is a Native American archaeological site located near Tallulah, Louisiana, United States. It is located very close to suburban houses." + ] + ], + [ + "Reginald Newton Biggs", + [ + "Reginald Newton Biggs (16 June 1831–10 November 1868) was a New Zealand station manager, soldier and magistrate. He was born in England on 16 June 1831. Biggs was pursuing Te Kooti, and in response, Te Kooti's war party killed Biggs, his wife, their son and their nurse on 10 November 1868." + ] + ], + [ + "Agar Panchaitan", + [ + "Agar Panchaitan is a town located in the state of Maharashtra, on the west coast of India. It is located approximately 60 miles south of Mumbai." + ] + ], + [ + "National Gallery of Art", + [ + "The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of charge, the museum was privately established in 1937 for the American people by a joint resolution of the United States Congress. Andrew W. Mellon donated a substantial art collection and funds for construction. The core collection includes major works of art donated by Paul Mellon, Ailsa Mellon Bruce, Lessing J. Rosenwald, Samuel Henry Kress, Rush Harrison Kress, Peter Arrell Browne Widener, Joseph E. Widener, and Chester Dale. The Gallery's collection of paintings, drawings, prints, photographs, sculpture, medals, and decorative arts traces the development of Western Art from the Middle Ages to the present, including the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci in the Americas and the largest mobile created by Alexander Calder." + ] + ], + [ + "1998 NFL Draft", + [ + "1998 NFL Draft General Information Date (s) April 18 -- 19, 1998 Location Theatre at MSG in New York City, NY TV coverage (US) ESPN Overview 241 total selections in 7 rounds First selection Peyton Manning, QB Indianapolis Colts Mr. Irrelevant Cam Quayle, TE Baltimore Ravens Most selections (12) New York Jets Fewest selections (5) Detroit Lions Hall of Famers ← 1997 NFL Drafts 1999 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Tupanatinga", + [ + "Tupanatinga is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Located at 306 km away from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Has an estimated (Ibge 2009) population of 19.026 inhabitants." + ] + ], + [ + "Te Kāea", + [ + "Te Kāea (or \"Te Kaea News\" as written on television guides) is a nightly New Zealand television news show that airs on Māori Television at 6:30pm. It is repeated at 10:30pm, and has English subtitles. Te Kāea is also shown in Australia, helped by Maori TV's \"strong collaborative relationship\" with Australia's NITV as members of the World Indigenous Television Broadcasters Network (WITBN)." + ] + ], + [ + "La Perla, Veracruz", + [ + "La Perla is a Municipality in Veracruz, Mexico. It is located in central zone of the State of Veracruz, about 75 km from state capital Xalapa. It has a surface of 199.880 km2. It is located at ." + ] + ], + [ + "Paratene Ngata", + [ + "Paratene Ngata (1849? – 15 December 1924) was a New Zealand Ngāti Porou leader, storekeeper, soldier, farmer and Native Land Court assessor. He was born near Waiomatatini in the Waiapu Valley, possibly in September 1849. His father was Wiremu Karaka Te Ito and his mother was Hera Te Ihi, known also as Ruataupare. He was raised in the household of Rapata Wahawaha, whose wife, Harata Te Ihi, was the sister of Ngata's mother. He married Katerina Naki, the daughter of an itinerant Scot, Abel Knox, and the elder of their two children was Āpirana Ngata." + ] + ], + [ + "Chipotle Mexican Grill", + [ + "As of 2017 there are 26 locations outside of the United States with 11 locations in Canada (Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver), 6 locations in The United Kingdom (London), 3 in France (Paris), and 1 in Germany (Frankfurt)." + ] + ], + [ + "Matherville, Mississippi", + [ + "Matherville is an unincorporated community located in Wayne County, Mississippi, United States. Matherville is located in the northwest corner of Wayne County, just to the west of the state of Alabama. The elevation of Matherville is 289 feet." + ] + ], + [ + "Testin", + [ + "Testin also known as TESS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"TES\" gene located on chromosome 7. TES is a 47 kDa protein composed of 421 amino acids found at focal adhesions and is thought to have a role in regulation of cell motility. In addition to this, TES functions as a tumour suppressor. The \"TES\" gene is located within a fragile region of chromosome 7, and the promoter elements of the \"TES\" gene have been shown to be susceptible to methylation – this prevents the expression of the TES protein. TES came to greater prominence towards the end of 2007 as a potential mechanism for its tumour suppressor function was published." + ] + ], + [ + "Te Peehi Turoa", + [ + "Te Peehi Turoa (? – 8 September 1845) was a notable New Zealand tribal leader, warrior and composer of waiata. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi iwi. Topia Peehi Turoa was his grandson." + ] + ], + [ + "Whitfield, Rankin County, Mississippi", + [ + "Whitfield is an unincorporated community located in Rankin County, Mississippi, United States. The zip code is: 39193. The Mississippi State Hospital is located in Whitfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Norman, Wisconsin", + [ + "Norman is an unincorporated community located in the town of Carlton, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, United States. Norman is located on County Highway G southwest of Kewaunee." + ] + ], + [ + "Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc, Bas-Saint-Laurent, Quebec", + [ + "Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc is a parish municipality in La Mitis Regional County Municipality in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. Its population in the Canada 2011 Census was 313." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__90098_79978_10557", + "question": "What was the language that the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the individual crowned Roman Emperor in A.D. 800, later known as?", + "answer": "Medieval Latin", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Middle Ages", + 0 + ], + [ + "Charlemagne", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sylvester", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Galicia (Spain)", + [ + "The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León." + ] + ], + [ + "Antarctica", + [ + "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole)." + ] + ], + [ + "Septimius Severus", + [ + "Septimius Severus (; ; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the \"cursus honorum\"—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors." + ] + ], + [ + "Wang Shen'ai", + [ + "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress." + ] + ], + [ + "Liu Ju", + [ + "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Roman Emperor", + [ + "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor" + ] + ], + [ + "Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji", + [ + "Sixteen eruptions of New Fuji have been recorded since 781. Many of the eruptions occurred in the Heian era, with twelve eruptions between 800 and 1083. Sometimes inactive periods between eruptions lasted for hundreds of years, as in the period between 1083 and 1511, when no eruptions were recorded for over 400 years. At present, there have been no eruptions since the Hoei eruption in 1707 -- 1708, around 300 years ago." + ] + ], + [ + "Gaius Julius Priscus", + [ + "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin." + ] + ], + [ + "Ran Zhi", + [ + "Ran Zhi, as Ran Min's oldest son, was created crown prince when he proclaimed the new state in 350 after overthrowing the Later Zhao emperor Shi Jian and declared himself emperor. He created Ran Zhi's mother Lady Dong empress. After he was captured and executed by Former Yan's prince Murong Jun in 352, Empress Dong tried to hold out but was eventually forced to surrender. Murong Jun created her the Lady Fengxi and created Ran Zhi the Marquess of Haibin. In 354, the Former Yan official Song Bin (宋斌) was accused of leading a plot to have Ran Zhi made emperor, and it was said that all who were involved were executed — implying, but not explicitly stating, that Ran Zhi was executed as well. A number of officials named Ran during the later Northern Wei Dynasty claimed descent from Ran Min, presumably through Ran Zhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlemagne", + [ + "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Roman Empire", + [ + "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries." + ] + ], + [ + "Kōkoku", + [ + "Kōkoku (興国) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Engen and before Shōhei, lasting from April 1340 to December 1346. The emperor in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was ." + ] + ], + [ + "Consort Yujiulü", + [ + "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng." + ] + ], + [ + "Antonia the Elder", + [ + "Antonia Major also known as Julia Antonia Major (Latin: Antonia Maior, \"PIR\" A 884) (born August/September 39 BC), also known as Antonia the Elder, was a daughter of Triumvir Mark Antony and Octavia the Younger and a relative of the first Roman emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a niece of the first emperor Augustus, step cousin of the emperor Tiberius, paternal great-aunt of the emperor Caligula, maternal aunt and great-aunt-in law of the emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother and maternal great-great aunt of the emperor Nero." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvester", + [ + "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period." + ] + ], + [ + "A (Pretty Little Liars)", + [ + "After the revelation of Mona Vanderwaal as the first and original ``A '', she began receiving visits from someone, known as Red Coat, who offered her a partnership and together they built up the`` A-Team''. The team had many members but disbanded after the season three finale and Big A began working with a single ally. The identity of the second ``A '', Red Coat, and the leader of the`` A-Team'' was revealed to be CeCe Drake, while her ally that donned the Black Widow and other Red Coat disguise was revealed to be Sara Harvey. Five years later, a new mysterious entity arises and begins using Emojis to communicate but later baptizes themselves as ``A.D. '', while the Liars refer to the anonymous figure as Uber A. Then, in the Series Finale,`` A.D.'' reveals themselves to be Alex Drake, the twin sister of Spencer." + ] + ], + [ + "Heresy", + [ + "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "The coronation of Charlemagne as emperor on Christmas Day 800 is regarded as a turning point in medieval history, marking a return of the Western Roman Empire, since the new emperor ruled over much of the area previously controlled by the western emperors. It also marks a change in Charlemagne's relationship with the Byzantine Empire, as the assumption of the imperial title by the Carolingians asserted their equivalence to the Byzantine state. There were several differences between the newly established Carolingian Empire and both the older Western Roman Empire and the concurrent Byzantine Empire. The Frankish lands were rural in character, with only a few small cities. Most of the people were peasants settled on small farms. Little trade existed and much of that was with the British Isles and Scandinavia, in contrast to the older Roman Empire with its trading networks centred on the Mediterranean. The empire was administered by an itinerant court that travelled with the emperor, as well as approximately 300 imperial officials called counts, who administered the counties the empire had been divided into. Clergy and local bishops served as officials, as well as the imperial officials called missi dominici, who served as roving inspectors and troubleshooters." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "The Hortensian Law deprived the patricians of their last weapon against the plebeians, and thus resolved the last great political question of the era. No such important political changes occurred between 287 BC and 133 BC. The important laws of this era were still enacted by the senate. In effect, the plebeians were satisfied with the possession of power, but did not care to use it. The senate was supreme during this era because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy. This was the most militarily active era of the Roman Republic." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__726391_153080_33897_81096", + "question": "Who won the Indy car race in the largest populated city in the state where the Oh Yeah performer is from?", + "answer": "Mario Andretti", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Charles Mingus", + 0 + ], + [ + "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ], + [ + "Oh Yeah (Charles Mingus album)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Charles Mingus", + [ + "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American." + ] + ], + [ + "Bugatti", + [ + "Automobiles Ettore Bugatti was a French car manufacturer of high-performance automobiles, founded in 1909 in the then-German city of Molsheim, Alsace by the Italian-born industrial designer Ettore Bugatti. The cars were known for their design beauty and for their many race victories. Famous Bugattis include the Type 35 Grand Prix cars, the Type 41 \"Royale\", the Type 57 \"Atlantic\" and the Type 55 sports car." + ] + ], + [ + "Fontanelle, Iowa", + [ + "As of the census of 2010, there were 672 people, 304 households, and 164 families residing in the city. The population density was 700.0 inhabitants per square mile (270.3/km2). There were 336 housing units at an average density of 350.0 per square mile (135.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.7% White, 0.1% from other races, and 0.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Hubbard, Ohio", + [ + "Hubbard is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. It is formed from part of Hubbard Township, which was formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve. The population was 7,874 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Logan Gomez", + [ + "Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly the Indy Pro Series)." + ] + ], + [ + "New Haven, Connecticut", + [ + "The U.S. Census Bureau reports a 2010 population of 129,779, with 47,094 households and 25,854 families within the city of New Haven. The population density is 6,859.8 people per square mile (2,648.6/km²). There are 52,941 housing units at an average density of 2,808.5 per square mile (1,084.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 42.6% White, 35.4% African American, 0.5% Native American, 4.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 12.9% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 27.4% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 31.8% of the population in 2010, down from 69.6% in 1970. The city's demography is shifting rapidly: New Haven has always been a city of immigrants and currently the Latino population is growing rapidly. Previous influxes among ethnic groups have been African-Americans in the postwar era, and Irish, Italian and (to a lesser degree) Slavic peoples in the prewar period." + ] + ], + [ + "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", + [ + "After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993)." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley." + ] + ], + [ + "Jersey City, New Jersey", + [ + "Jersey City is the second-most - populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark. It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the county's largest city. As of 2016, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that Jersey City's population was 264,152, with the largest population increase of any municipality in New Jersey since 2010, an increase of about 6.7% from the 2010 United States Census, when the city's population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 77th - largest in the nation." + ] + ], + [ + "Ocala, Florida", + [ + "Ocala (/ oʊ ˈkælə / oh - KAL - ə) is a city located in Northern Florida. As of the 2013 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 57,468, making it the 45th most populated city in Florida." + ] + ], + [ + "Hagerty Insurance Agency", + [ + "Hagerty Insurance Agency, styled just Hagerty, is an insurance company specializing in classic car insurance based in Traverse City, Michigan, in the United States. The company is the leading insurance agency for collector vehicles in the world and host to the largest network of collector car owners. They have also been recognized as \"largest insurance agency for collector cars in the United States.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Onamia, Minnesota", + [ + "As of the census of 2010, there were 878 people, 349 households, and 167 families residing in the city. The population density was 914.6 inhabitants per square mile (353.1/km2). There were 398 housing units at an average density of 414.6 per square mile (160.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.0% White, 2.3% African American, 9.9% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Clay Center, Kansas", + [ + "As of the census of 2000, there were 4,564 people, 1,979 households, and 1,258 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,762.4 people per square mile (680.4/km²). There were 2,191 housing units at an average density of 846.0 per square mile (326.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.98% White, 0.64% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Oh Yeah (Charles Mingus album)", + [ + "Oh Yeah is a 1962 album by jazz musician Charles Mingus. It was recorded in 1961, and features the leader (mainly known as a bassist and composer) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout." + ] + ], + [ + "Show Your Bones", + [ + "Show Your Bones is the second studio album by American indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs, released on March 22, 2006 by Interscope Records. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Panora, Iowa", + [ + "As of the census of 2010, there were 1,124 people, 460 households, and 286 families residing in the city. The population density was 624.4 inhabitants per square mile (241.1/km2). There were 522 housing units at an average density of 290.0 per square mile (112.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Beach City, Ohio", + [ + "Beach City is a village in Stark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,033 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Šiauliai", + [ + "Šiauliai (; ) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania, with a population of 107,086. From 1994 to 2010 it was the capital of Šiauliai County." + ] + ], + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + [ + "Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the \"Toughest Track in the South\" and \"The Action Track\", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__222979_840908_40768", + "question": "When did the manufacturer of VTEC, the owner of Scion, and Nissan open US assembly plants?", + "answer": "1981", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + 0 + ], + [ + "Scion (automobile)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Variable Cylinder Management", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ford Crown Victoria", + [ + "The Ford Crown Victoria (or simply Crown Vic) is a rear - wheel drive full - sized four - door sedan that was marketed and manufactured by Ford from the 1992 to the 2011 model years over two generations. Discontinued in 2011, the latter day Crown Victoria began production in 1991 at Ford's St. Thomas Assembly plant in Southwold, Ontario, Canada. Dropping its previous LTD prefix, Ford instead revived a nameplate once used on a two - door version of the Fairlane sold in the North American market for the 1955 model year." + ] + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + [ + "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Short Scion", + [ + "The Short S.16 Scion and Scion II were 1930s British two-engine, cantilever monoplanes built by Short Brothers and (under licence) by Pobjoy Airmotors and Aircraft Ltd. in Rochester, Kent between 1933 and 1937. Altogether 22 Scion/Scion II aircraft were built and they provided useful service to operators working from small airstrips/water courses in many parts of the globe, including Europe, the Near and Middle East, Sierra Leone, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Many were impressed into the RAF during the Second World War, providing pilot ferry services, anti-aircraft co-operation and radar calibration duties. Of the civilian Scions, at least two were still operating in Australia in 1966, one having been re-engined with de Havilland Gipsy Minor engines." + ] + ], + [ + "Scion xD", + [ + "The Scion xD is a five-door subcompact hatchback marketed in the U.S. and Canada by Japanese manufacturer Toyota beginning with the 2008 model year — replacing the xA. The Scion xD and the second generation xB were first shown to the public on February 8, 2007 at the Chicago Auto Show. The xD appeared in Scion showrooms in mid-2007 in the USA and in 2011 for Canada. The Scion xD was discontinued in 2014, and was succeeded by the Toyota C-HR in 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "Scion (automobile)", + [ + "Scion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques." + ] + ], + [ + "Seattle", + [ + "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington." + ] + ], + [ + "IPod", + [ + "BMW released the first iPod automobile interface, allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control an iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, Nissan, Toyota, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Acura, Audi, Honda, Renault, Infiniti and Volkswagen. Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars." + ] + ], + [ + "Rosenlew", + [ + "Electrolux owns the brand in home appliances and uses it in Finland. Electrolux stopped the manufacturing of fridges in Pori, Finland, in 1998." + ] + ], + [ + "Toyota", + [ + "By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The so - called ``chicken tax ''of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks. In response to the tariff, Toyota, Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s." + ] + ], + [ + "Samcor", + [ + "Ford South Africa was based in Port Elizabeth (now part of the Eastern Cape province) and had been operating since 1923. In the early 1980s, it had both a vehicle assembly plant and an engine plant in Struandale, together with an older assembly plant in Neave. After the merger with Sigma and the formation of Samcor, the engine plant continued to be operated by Samcor and in 2015 is still operating under Ford ownership. Both the assembly plants were closed and all vehicle production transferred to Samcor's Silverton Assembly Plant in Pretoria. The Struandale assembly plant was subsequently sold to Delta Motor Corporation (General Motors)." + ] + ], + [ + "Nissan Fuga", + [ + "The Nissan Fuga (Japanese: 日産・フーガ \"Nissan Fūga\") is a mid-size luxury sedan produced by Japanese automaker Nissan since October 2004. It is built on a wider, stretched wheelbase version of the Nissan FM platform. After the Nissan Cima and Nissan President were discontinued in August 2010, the Fuga became Nissan's flagship vehicle. In North America and Europe, the Fuga is sold as the second and third-generation Infiniti M (Q70 from 2014), where it has been the flagship of the Infiniti luxury division of Nissan since 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "Datsun Type 12", + [ + "The 1933 Datsun Type 12 was a small car produced by the Nissan corporation. The name Datsun was used by DAT for their line of small cars. After the DAT corporation was absorbed into Nissan, these cars continued to be produced, and the original model name was maintained. The Type 12 was basically similar to the earlier 1932 Type 11, but had a larger engine." + ] + ], + [ + "Jonga", + [ + "The Jonga was a Nissan designed vehicle used by the Indian Army. Jonga was an acronym for Jabalpur Ordnance aNd Guncarriage Assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Norfolk Assembly", + [ + "Norfolk Assembly was a Ford manufacturing plant that opened on April 20, 1925 on the Elizabeth River, near downtown Norfolk, Virginia -- closing in 2007." + ] + ], + [ + "Nissan Rogue", + [ + "Nissan Rogue 2014 S AWD Overview Production 2013 -- present Assembly Smyrna, Tennessee, United States (Nissan USA) Designer Keisuke Otsuki Body and chassis Platform Nissan CMF platform (CMF - CD) Related Nissan Rogue Nissan Qashqai Renault Koleos Powertrain Engine Petrol 2.0 L MR20DD 143 hp (106 kW) I4 (144 hp for X-Trail Hybrid) 2.5 L QR25DE 170 hp (126 kW) I4 Diesel 2.0 L 177 bhp (130kW) I4) 1.6 L Y9M 130 bhp (96 kW) I4 Transmission 6 - speed manual 6 - speed automatic CVT Dimensions Wheelbase 2,705 mm (106.5 in) Length 4,641 mm (182.7 in) Width 1,820 mm (71.65 in) Height 1,709 mm (67.3 in) Chronology Predecessor Nissan Qashqai + 2 (7 passenger models only)" + ] + ], + [ + "Scion bbX", + [ + "The Scion bbX was first concept car to be revealed by Toyota for its daughter company, Scion. The concept was first shown at the New York International Auto Show in 2003. As shown at the motor show, the bbX is very similar to the design of the Scion xB, sold for two generations from 2003 to 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Mercedes-Benz T2", + [ + "The Mercedes-Benz T2 was a transporter manufactured by Daimler-Benz. The T2 is also known as the \"Düsseldorf transporter\", since it was built in Düsseldorf from 1967 on. The third series, built from 1996 at Ludwigsfelde, was branded the Mercedes-Benz Vario. Some T2s were assembled by Mercedes-Benz España in their Alcobendas assembly plant." + ] + ], + [ + "Variable Cylinder Management", + [ + "Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) is Honda's term for its variable displacement technology, which saves fuel by using the i-VTEC system to disable one bank of cylinders during specific driving conditions—for example, highway driving. The 2008–12 Accords took this a step further, allowing the engine to go from 6 cylinders, down to 4, and further down to 3 as the computer sees fit." + ] + ], + [ + "Datsun", + [ + "Datsun (, ) is an automobile brand owned by Nissan. Datsun's original production run began in 1931. From 1958 to 1986, only vehicles exported by Nissan were identified as Datsun. By 1986 Nissan had phased out the Datsun name, but re-launched it in June 2013 as the brand for low-cost vehicles manufactured for emerging markets." + ] + ], + [ + "Packard Automotive Plant", + [ + "The Packard plant was opened in 1903 and at the time was considered the most modern automobile manufacturing facility in the world, with skilled craftsmen involved in over eighty trades. The factory complex closed in 1958, though other businesses operated on the premises or used it for storage until the late 1990s." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__103197_214799_259594", + "question": "What country gas the border troops of the country of the literature of the country of Andreas Zülow's citizenship?", + "answer": "GDR", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + 0 + ], + [ + "Andreas Zülow", + 0 + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Marc Aryan", + [ + "Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Sweden", + [ + "Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west; Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At , Sweden is the 55th largest country in the world. It is the fifth largest in Europe and the largest in Northern Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "North Korea", + [ + "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + [ + "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Republic of the Congo", + [ + "The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as the Congo - Brazzaville, the Congo Republic, West Congo, the former French Congo, or simply the Congo, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest." + ] + ], + [ + "Country Sunshine (Dottie West album)", + [ + "Country Sunshine is an album by Country music singer, Dottie West (released in 1973) based on the successful commercial/Country song of \"Country Sunshine\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Andreas Zülow", + [ + "Andreas Zülow (born 23 October 1965 in Ludwigslust) is a retired amateur boxer from East Germany who won a Lightweight gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympic Games. He also won the Silver medal at the 1989 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Moscow, and the Bronze medal at the 1986 World Amateur Boxing Championships in Reno." + ] + ], + [ + "Ivo Werner", + [ + "Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later." + ] + ], + [ + "Spain", + [ + "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada", + [ + "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa." + ] + ], + [ + "Zacuscă", + [ + "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans." + ] + ], + [ + "Cascade City", + [ + "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Togo", + [ + "Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (), is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. The sovereign state extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital Lomé is located. Togo covers , making it one of the smallest countries in Africa, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 1 million." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Turkey", + [ + "Turkey is situated in Anatolia (97%) and the Balkans (3%), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The geographic coordinates of the country lie at: 39°00′N 35°00′E" + ] + ], + [ + "Lists of countries by mineral production", + [ + "Metal Leading Producer Second Leading Producer Complete list Aluminium China Russia List of countries by aluminium production Bauxite Australia China List of countries by bauxite production Bismuth China Mexico List of countries by bismuth production Copper Chile China List of countries by copper production Gold China Australia List of countries by gold production Iron ore Australia Brazil List of countries by iron ore production Lithium Australia Chile List of countries by lithium production Manganese South Africa Australia List of countries by manganese production Mercury China Mexico List of countries by mercury production Mica China Russia List of countries by mica production Nickel Philippines Russia List of countries by nickel production Niobium Brazil Canada List of countries by niobium production Palladium Russia South Africa List of countries by palladium production Platinum South Africa Russia List of countries by platinum production Silver Mexico China List of countries by silver production Tin China Indonesia List of countries by tin production Titanium Australia South Africa (tied) List of countries by titanium production Zinc China Australia List of countries by zinc production" + ] + ], + [ + "Liechtenstein", + [ + "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section)." + ] + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__14095_15463", + "question": "In 2002, what company merged with the top PC manufacturer from 1994?", + "answer": "Hewlett Packard", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Macintosh", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dell", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Subaru", + [ + "Fuji Heavy Industries started out as The Aircraft Research Laboratory in 1915, headed by Chikuhei Nakajima. In 1932, the company was reorganized as Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd and soon became a major manufacturer of aircraft for Japan during World War II. At the end of the Second World War Nakajima Aircraft was again reorganized, this time as Fuji Sangyo Co, Ltd. In 1946, the company created the Fuji Rabbit motor scooter with spare aircraft parts from the war. In 1950, Fuji Sangyo was divided into 12 smaller corporations according to the Japanese Government's 1950 Corporate Credit Rearrangement Act, anti-zaibatsu legislation. Between 1953 and 1955, four of these corporations and a newly formed corporation decided to merge to form Fuji Heavy Industries. These companies were: Fuji Kogyo, a scooter manufacturer; coachbuilders Fuji Jidosha; engine manufacturers Omiya Fuji Kogyo; chassis builders Utsunomiya Sharyo and the Tokyo Fuji Dangyo trading company." + ] + ], + [ + "Dell", + [ + "In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer." + ] + ], + [ + "Macintosh", + [ + "The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline." + ] + ], + [ + "Microcomputer", + [ + "In 1979, the launch of the VisiCalc spreadsheet (initially for the Apple II) first turned the microcomputer from a hobby for computer enthusiasts into a business tool. After the 1981 release by IBM of its IBM PC, the term personal computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture (PC compatible)." + ] + ], + [ + "Polonia Warsaw", + [ + "In July 2008, Polonia Warsaw merged with Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski (3rd in the Ekstraklasa in 2007/08) and took over its place in the Polish top division. Most of Dyskobolia's players moved to Warsaw to form the core of Polonia's new team. Several players from Polonia's old squad stayed in the club too. The team managed to finish 4th at the end of the 2008/2009 season, and subsequently reached the 3rd qualification round of the Europa League. After beating Budućnost Podgorica and thrashing Juvenes/Dogana, Polonia gave in to the Dutch side NAC Breda" + ] + ], + [ + "Dragon Knight 4", + [ + "Dragon Knight 4 (ドラゴンナイト４) is an erotic role-playing video game developed by ELF Corporation and released only in Japan for several platforms between 1994 and 1997. In 1994, the game first became available for PC MS-DOS, NEC PC-9801 and X68000, with a censored version ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996 and later to the PC-FX, PlayStation and Sega Saturn in 1997. It was also adapted into illustrated novels and an anime miniseries." + ] + ], + [ + "Macintosh", + [ + "The Macintosh (/ ˈmækɪnˌtɒʃ / MAK - in - tosh; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the company's first mass - market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user interface and mouse. This first model was later renamed to ``Macintosh 128k ''for uniqueness amongst a populous family of subsequently updated models which are also based on Apple's same proprietary architecture. Since 1998, Apple has largely phased out the Macintosh name in favor of`` Mac'', though the product family has been nicknamed ``Mac ''or`` the Mac'' since the development of the first model." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Patriot (PYc-47)", + [ + "USS \"Patriot\" (PYc-47), formerly the \"Katoura\", was built in 1930 by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in Bristol, Rhode Island United States and purchased by the United States Navy, for $1.00, from Mr. A. Loomis of New York City on 20 September 1940. She was converted for Navy service as a submarine chaser at the Greenport Basin and Construction Company at Greenport, New York and designated PC–455 on 4 November 1940. She was placed in service 27 February 1941." + ] + ], + [ + "Celestial Games", + [ + "Celestial Games is an independent video game development company based in Johannesburg, South Africa that started in 1994. They published two PC titles then closed their doors in 2001. In 2010, they reopened the company to work on a HD version of their most successful title, \"Toxic Bunny\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Diamond Multimedia", + [ + "Diamond Multimedia is an American company that specializes in many forms of multimedia technology. They have produced graphics cards, motherboards, modems, sound cards and MP3 players, however the company began with the production of the TrackStar, a PC add-on card which emulated Apple II computers. They were one of the major players in the 2D and early 3D graphics card competition throughout the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Ensign Manufacturing Company", + [ + "Ensign Manufacturing Company, founded as Ensign Car Works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in Huntington, West Virginia. In the 1880s and 1890s Ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in Cabell County. In 1899, Ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form American Car and Foundry Company." + ] + ], + [ + "American Brass Company", + [ + "The American Brass Company was an American brass manufacturing company based in Connecticut and active from 1893 to 1960. The company's predecessors were the Wolcottville Brass Company and the Ansonia Brass and Battery Company. It was the first large brass manufacturing firm in the United States, and for much of its existence was the largest brass manufacturer in the country. It was purchased by the Anaconda Copper Company in 1922, and merged into Anaconda's other brass manufacturing concerns (losing its identity and name in the process) in 1960." + ] + ], + [ + "Project Space Station", + [ + "Project Space Station is a game published in 1985 by HESware, originally written for the Commodore 64 home computer, then ported to the Apple II series and PC compatibles." + ] + ], + [ + "T-Mobile US", + [ + "T - Mobile US traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on May 3, 1999, VoiceStream Wireless was purchased by Deutsche Telekom AG in 2001 for $35 billion and renamed T - Mobile USA, Inc. in July, 2002. In 2013, T - Mobile and MetroPCS finalized a merger of the two companies. The two companies began trading as T - Mobile US." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Dell", + [ + "In 1984, the company produced the first computer of its own design -- the ``Turbo PC '', sold for US $795 -- containing an Intel 8088 - compatible processor running at a speed of 8 MHz. PC's Limited advertised the systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers, and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. This offered buyers prices lower than those of retail brands, but with greater convenience than assembling the components themselves. Although not the first company to use this model, PC's Limited became one of the first to succeed with it. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of trading." + ] + ], + [ + "General Electric", + [ + "During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year." + ] + ], + [ + "Dell", + [ + "From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Macintosh", + [ + "Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the release of the Windows 95 operating system, which unified Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Windows products. Windows 95 significantly enhanced the multimedia capability and performance of IBM PC compatible computers, and brought the capabilities of Windows to parity with the Mac OS GUI." + ] + ], + [ + "Cork (city)", + [ + "Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below)." + ] + ], + [ + "USB", + [ + "The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__58323_375563_161848_53331", + "question": "When was the death penalty abolished in the country near the country where the writer of The Book Thief is a citizen of?", + "answer": "1989", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "1952 Winter Olympics", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Messenger (Zusak novel)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Book Thief (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in New Zealand", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "1958 Asian Games", + [ + "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games." + ] + ], + [ + "Ticks (song)", + [ + "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens." + ] + ], + [ + "Hanged, drawn and quartered", + [ + "Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998." + ] + ], + [ + "1952 Winter Olympics", + [ + "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states and the federal government. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 57 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries." + ] + ], + [ + "Demon Thief", + [ + "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released." + ] + ], + [ + "The Messenger (Zusak novel)", + [ + "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award." + ] + ], + [ + "2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage", + [ + "In a game dominated by the Belgians, but still goalless through the first 90 minutes thanks to U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard, U.S. striker Chris Wondolowski missed a great chance in stoppage time from less than five yards out. Thus, the game went to extra time and Belgium took the lead within two minutes. Romelu Lukaku, who came off the bench at the start of extra time, crossed from the right into the penalty area, Matt Besler failed to clear the ball, and Kevin De Bruyne shot low into the far corner from the right of the penalty area. Near the end of extra time first half, De Bruyne's through ball from the right set up Lukaku to extend the lead with a left footed shot to the net. The United States pulled one back early in extra time second half, when substitute Julian Green volleyed in Michael Bradley's lobbed pass with his right foot from near the penalty spot. Minutes later, the U.S. nearly equalised on a set piece routine that saw Clint Dempsey through on goal, but his first touch was too hard and the ball was corralled by Belgian goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. Belgium held on for the win, and advanced to the quarter - finals to face Argentina." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in Illinois", + [ + "Democratic Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation on March 9, 2011 to abolish the death penalty in Illinois to go into effect July 1, 2011, and commuted the death sentences of the fifteen inmates on Illinois' death row to life imprisonment. Quinn was criticized for signing the bill after saying that he supported the death penalty during the 2010 gubernatorial campaign after which he defeated the Republican candidate with 50.4% of the vote." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries." + ] + ], + [ + "The Book Thief (film)", + [ + "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams." + ] + ], + [ + "Eiluned Lewis", + [ + "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating \"The death penalty shall not exist\", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy." + ] + ], + [ + "Capital punishment in New Zealand", + [ + "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed." + ] + ], + [ + "Albania at the Olympics", + [ + "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalia at the 2008 Summer Olympics", + [ + "Somalia sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The country's participation at Beijing marked its seventh in the Summer Olympics since its debut in 1972 Games. The delegation included two track and field athletes: sprinter Samiya Yuusf Omar and long-distance runner Abdinasir Said Ibrahim. Neither athlete progressed past the first round of their respective competitions. Omar's story, having trained in Mogadishu during the Somali Civil War, was covered by the media at the time, and later featured in a graphic novel following her death." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Trantino", + [ + "Thomas Trantino (born February 11, 1938) is an American convicted murderer who was sentenced to life in prison for the execution style shooting deaths in 1963 of two police officers in Lodi, New Jersey. He was sentenced to death by electrocution, which was commuted to life in prison after the death penalty was abolished in the 1970s. This began a long battle for parole, which continued until his release from prison in 2002." + ] + ], + [ + "1994 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup." + ] + ], + [ + "Eurovision Song Contest 2018", + [ + "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest." + ] + ], + [ + "North Korea at the Olympics", + [ + "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__39836_29339_508306_70744", + "question": "Who won more national championships between the university featuring Fort Hill and the university of the state where Edwards won the primary besides the state where the Richmond Braves moved?", + "answer": "University of South Carolina", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", + 0 + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + [ + "Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "Buffalo Braves", + [ + "The Buffalo Braves were an American professional basketball franchise based in Buffalo, New York. The Braves competed in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division from 1970 until 1978. In 1978, Braves owner John Y. Brown Jr. swapped franchises with then - Boston Celtics owner Irv Levin, who then moved the team to San Diego, where it was renamed the San Diego Clippers. The franchise moved to Los Angeles in 1984, and is now known as the Los Angeles Clippers." + ] + ], + [ + "Canadian Armed Forces", + [ + "This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Canadian Rangers. Under the National Defence Act, the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence (the federal government department responsible for administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the Forces." + ] + ], + [ + "Frank Synott", + [ + "Francis Allen \"Red\" Synott (December 28, 1890 in Chatham, New Brunswick – October 12, 1945 in Boston, Massachusetts) was an ice hockey star of the early 1920s, playing on the first two United States hockey teams, and winning silver medals with them in 1920 and 1924. Besides the Olympics, he won a world championship with the U.S. in 1920." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Meade National Cemetery", + [ + "Fort Meade National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Sturgis in Meade County, South Dakota. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses . It is maintained by Black Hills National Cemetery." + ] + ], + [ + "Trammels, Missouri City, Texas", + [ + "Trammels was an unincorporated area near State Highway 6 in eastern Fort Bend County. The one-time community was annexed by the municipality of Missouri City, a Houston suburb. Trammels was located fourteen miles northeast of Richmond at the junction of a graded and drained road and Texas State Highway 6." + ] + ], + [ + "Rippon College", + [ + "Rippon College is the oldest girls' school in Galle, Sri Lanka. The school was established in 1817 by the Rev. John McKenny as the female branch or department of the 2nd Wesleyan English School in Ja koratuwa, Megalle, Galle in 1817.Methodist missionaries at Richmond Hill, Galle. At the beginning the school was the Galle Girls' School. in 1857, the school was moved to Richmond Hill along with Galle School and several branch schools and was called the Richmond Hill Girls' Boarding school. In 1876, the Rev George Baugh separated it from the boys' school and renamed it as the Whitfield Road School for Girls, and later it was again renamed in honour of the Rev. Joseph Rippon who founded the Richmond Hill circuit and served as the Superintendent Missionary of Galle in Ceylon during the period of 1850 to 1860. The school presently provides primary and secondary education to girls aged 6 to 19 and has a student population of around 2,250." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)", + [ + "Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory." + ] + ], + [ + "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", + [ + "College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10" + ] + ], + [ + "Atlanta Braves", + [ + "From 1991 to 2005, the Braves were one of the most successful teams in baseball, winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times (omitting the strike - shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions), and producing the greatest pitching rotation in the history of baseball. The Braves won the NL West 1991 -- 93 and the NL East 1995 -- 2005, and they returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010. The Braves advanced to the World Series five times in the 1990s, winning the title in 1995. Since their debut in the National League in 1876, the franchise has won 17 divisional titles, 17 National League pennants, and three World Series championships -- in 1914 as the Boston Braves, in 1957 as the Milwaukee Braves, and in 1995 in Atlanta. The Braves are the only Major League Baseball franchise to have won the World Series in three different home cities." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July." + ] + ], + [ + "Roxbury High Fort", + [ + "Roxbury High Fort is a historic fort site on Beech Glen Street at Fort Avenue in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The site now contains a small park and the Cochituate Standpipe, also known as Fort Hill Tower, built in 1869. The fort site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The site inspired the name of the Fort Hill neighborhood which surrounds the area of the High Fort." + ] + ], + [ + "Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport", + [ + "Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (IATA: DFW, ICAO: KDFW, FAA LID: DFW) is the primary international airport serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex area in the U.S. state of Texas." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Edward Bates", + [ + "Edward Bates served in the War of 1812 before moving to St. Louis, Missouri Territory, in 1814 with his older brother James, who started working as an attorney. Their eldest brother Frederick Bates was already in St. Louis by that time, where he had served as Secretary of the Louisiana Territory and Secretary of the Missouri Territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Richmond, Virginia", + [ + "Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64." + ] + ], + [ + "Raid on Richmond", + [ + "Prior to the beginning of the raid, Thomas Jefferson, the then - Governor of Virginia, had moved the capital of Virginia from Williamsburg to Richmond, because of its strategically central, defensible location. In the event of an attack, Jefferson moved all of the town's military supplies to a foundry five miles outside of Richmond. Little did Jefferson know how big of an attack would soon follow." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort Irwin National Training Center", + [ + "Fort Irwin National Training Center is a major training area for the United States military and is a census-designated place located in the Mojave Desert in northern San Bernardino County, California. Fort Irwin is at an average elevation of . It is located northeast of Barstow, in the Calico Mountains." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__103790_14670_8987_8974", + "question": "Ivo Werner is from Country A that invaded Country B because their military branch that Air Defense Artillery is part of was unprepared. Country B was the only communist country to have an embassy where?", + "answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ivo Werner", + 0 + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + 0 + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + 0 + ], + [ + "United States Army", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Iron Dome", + [ + "Iron Dome (, \"\") is a mobile all-weather air defense system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries. The system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from distances of to away and whose trajectory would take them to an Israeli populated area. Israel hopes to increase the range of Iron Dome's interceptions, from the current maximum of to and make it more versatile so that it could intercept rockets coming from two directions simultaneously." + ] + ], + [ + "Franco-Prussian War", + [ + "To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and the Royal Danish Navy. It was discovered that Prussia had recently built defences around the big North German ports, including coastal artillery batteries with Krupp heavy artillery, which with a range of 4,000 yards (3,700 m), had double the range of French naval guns. The French Navy lacked the heavy guns to engage the coastal defences and the topography of the Prussian coast made a seaborne invasion of northern Germany impossible." + ] + ], + [ + "Saving Private Ryan", + [ + "An elderly veteran visits the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial with his family. Upon seeing one particular grave, he falls to his knees overcome with emotion. The scene then shifts to the morning of June 6, 1944, as American soldiers land on Omaha Beach as part of the Normandy Invasion. They suffer heavy losses in assaulting German defensive positions of artillery and machine guns raining down intense fire on the American forces. Captain John H. Miller of the 2nd Ranger Battalion assembles a group to penetrate the German defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach. Elsewhere on the beach, a dead soldier lies face - down in the bloody surf; his pack is stenciled Ryan, S." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Spoons", + [ + "Silver Spoons is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 25, 1982 to May 11, 1986, and in first-run syndication from September 15, 1986 to March 4, 1987. The series was produced by Embassy Television for the first four seasons, until Embassy Communications moved the series to syndication." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Niels Juel", + [ + "Niels Juel was born the son of Erik Juel and Sophie Sehested, both of whom were descended from Danish nobility, who lived in Jutland where the father had a career as a local functionary and judge. He was the brother of the diplomat Jens Juel (1631–1700). Niels Juel was born in Christiania, Norway, where his family sought refuge during the 1627 invasion of Jutland during the Thirty Years' War, while his father took part in the defense of the country at home. The following year after the occupation had ended, the family was reunited in Jutland. From 1635 to 1642, Juel was brought up by his aunt Karen Sehested (1606–1672) at the Stenalt estate near Randers." + ] + ], + [ + "Ministry of National Defence (Ecuador)", + [ + "The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Ecuador is the ministry responsible for national defense and is responsible for controlling all three branches of the Military of Ecuador." + ] + ], + [ + "Ivo Werner", + [ + "Ivo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later." + ] + ], + [ + "Second United Front", + [ + "The Second United Front was the alliance between the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) and Communist Party of China (CPC) to resist the Japanese invasion during the Second Sino - Japanese War, which suspended the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1941." + ] + ], + [ + "Iron Beam", + [ + "Iron Beam (, \"\") is an air defense system which is in development by Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. Unveiled at the Singapore Air Show on February 11, 2014. The system is designed to destroy short-range rockets, artillery, and mortars with a range of up to , too small for the Iron Dome system to intercept effectively. In addition, the system could also intercept unmanned aerial vehicles. Iron Beam will use a \"directed high energy laser beam\" to destroy hostile targets with ranges of up to . Iron Beam will constitute the fifth element of Israel's integrated air defense system, in addition to Arrow 2, Arrow 3, David's Sling, and Iron Dome. However, Iron Beam is also a stand-alone system." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Secretary of the Air Force", + [ + "The Secretary of the Air Force (SecAF, or SAF / OS) is the head of the Department of the Air Force, a component organization within the Department of Defense of the United States. The Secretary of the Air Force is appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Secretary reports to the Secretary of Defense and / or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and is by statute responsible for and has the authority to conduct all the affairs of the Department of the Air Force." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations. The increased importance of artillery after 1807 stemmed from his creation of a highly mobile artillery force, the growth in artillery numbers, and changes in artillery practices. As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the enemy's defenses, now could use massed artillery as a spearhead to pound a break in the enemy's line that was then exploited by supporting infantry and cavalry. McConachy rejects the alternative theory that growing reliance on artillery by the French army beginning in 1807 was an outgrowth of the declining quality of the French infantry and, later, France's inferiority in cavalry numbers. Weapons and other kinds of military technology remained largely static through the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, but 18th-century operational mobility underwent significant change." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Army", + [ + "Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President." + ] + ], + [ + "Fort d'Ivry", + [ + "Fort d'Ivry was built in the Paris suburb of Ivry-sur-Seine between 1841 and 1845, as one of the forts in a ring of strong points surrounding Paris. The fort is about 1 kilometre outside the Thiers Wall, built by the same program in response to a perception that Paris was vulnerable to invasion and occupation. The fort was upgraded in the 1870s, to cope with improvements in artillery performance as part of the Séré de Rivières system. In 1946, the fort was vacated by the garrison. It is now the home of the Communication and Audiovisual Production Company for the Department of Defense (\"Établissement de communication et de production audiovisuelle de la Défense\", E.C.P.A.D.)." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "After these reversals of fortune, which saw Seoul change hands four times, the last two years of fighting became a war of attrition, with the front line close to the 38th parallel. The war in the air, however, was never a stalemate. North Korea was subject to a massive bombing campaign. Jet fighters confronted each other in air - to - air combat for the first time in history, and Soviet pilots covertly flew in defense of their communist allies." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped. In South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (1961), R.E. Appleman reports the ROK forces' low combat readiness as of 25 June 1950. The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes. There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "League of Communists of Serbia", + [ + "The League of Communists of Serbia (, SKS), founded as the Communist Party of Serbia (, KPS) in 1945, was the Serbian branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990. It changed its name from KPS to SKS in 1952. Under a new constitution ratified in 1974, greater power was devolved to the various republic level branches. In the late 1980s, the party was taken over by a faction endorsing Slobodan Milošević to become leader of the party. Milošević appeased nationalists in Serbia by promising to reduce the level of autonomy within the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina. This policy increased ethnic tensions with the other republics and nationalities. During the early 1990s, the growing ethnic tensions between the republics of Yugoslavia led to the breakup of the federal party." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__593866_80026", + "question": "In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, who played the character that the group who performs MMXIV was named after?", + "answer": "Julie Dawn Cole", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "MMXIV (Veruca Salt)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Northwestern University", + [ + "The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "Violet Beauregarde Charlie and the Chocolate Factory character First appearance Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Created by Roald Dahl Portrayed by Denise Nickerson (1971) AnnaSophia Robb (2005) Voiced by AnnaSophia Robb (2005 video game) Dallas Lovato (Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory) Information Gender Female Family Ginger Beauregarde (mother) Sam Beauregarde (father) Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work Dahl's screenplay against his wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "One day, Charlie sees a fifty - pence coin (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow. He then buys himself a Wonka Bar and finds the fifth golden ticket and shows it to his parents. The ticket says he can bring any family members with him to the factory and Charlie's parents decide to allow Grandpa Joe to go with him." + ] + ], + [ + "Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Chocolate Factory is the fifth solo album by American recording artist R. Kelly, released on February 18, 2003 by Jive Records. Recording sessions took place mainly at Rockland Studios and Chicago Recording Company in Chicago, Illinois, and the album was primarily written, arranged, and produced by R. Kelly. \"Chocolate Factory\" was conceived by Kelly amid controversy over his sex scandal at the time." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "In October 2000, Ostrum and some of his co-stars from the film were scheduled to record an audio commentary for a special edition DVD. In a 2010 interview, Wonka co-star Denise Nickerson (Violet Beauregarde) revealed that Ostrum had agreed to join her and Paris Themmen (Wonka's Mike Teevee) for a reunion commemorating the 40th anniversary of the film's release in 2011." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory is a 1971 American musical fantasy family film directed by Mel Stuart, and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl. Dahl was credited with writing the film's screenplay; however, David Seltzer, who went uncredited in the film, was brought in to re-work the screenplay against Dahl's wishes, making major changes to the ending and adding musical numbers. These changes and other decisions made by the director led Dahl to disown the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (soundtrack)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Tim Burton's 2005 film of the same name. The film's music was composed by Danny Elfman who also provided vocals for the songs." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and, along with four other contest winners, is led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Union Mill Complex", + [ + "The Union Mill Complex, (also Bischoff's Chocolate Factory), is located at the junction of Milton Avenue (NY 50) and Prospect Street in Ballston Spa, New York, United States. It is a complex of three late 19th-century brick buildings on a 4-acre (1.6 ha) lot, and the ruins of a dam." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Mel Stuart Produced by Stan Margulies David L. Wolper Screenplay by Roald Dahl Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Gene Wilder Jack Albertson Peter Ostrum Roy Kinnear Julie Dawn Cole Leonard Stone Denise Nickerson Dodo Denney Paris Themmen Music by Leslie Bricusse Anthony Newley Walter Scharf Cinematography Arthur Ibbetson Edited by David Saxon Production company Wolper Pictures The Quaker Oats Company Distributed by Paramount Pictures Release date June 30, 1971 (1971 - 06 - 30) (United States) Running time 99 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $3 million Box office $4 million" + ] + ], + [ + "MMXIV (Veruca Salt)", + [ + "MMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since \"Eight Arms to Hold You\" in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album \"Ghost Notes\" (2015)." + ] + ], + [ + "Roy Kinnear", + [ + "Roy Mitchell Kinnear (8 January 1934 -- 20 September 1988) was an English actor. He is known for his roles in films directed by Richard Lester; including Algernon in Help! (1965); Clapper in How I Won the War (1967); and Planchet in The Three Musketeers (1973), reprising the latter role in the 1974 and 1989 sequels. He is also known for playing Henry Salt in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ ˈpiːtər ˈoʊstrəm /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole", + [ + "Julie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress who has been active for some 40 years. She began as a child performer in what remains her best - remembered film, 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing the spoiled Veruca Salt. She has two children." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory characters", + [ + "The character was played by David Kelly in the 2005 film adaptation, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Veteran actor Gregory Peck was originally selected to play the role, but he died in 2003 before filming began. This version of the character is written as more calm than the 1971 version. An original backstory to Grandpa Joe's past was added to Tim Burton's film, wherein it is said that Joe worked for Wonka until the latter fired all his workers from his factory due to constant corporate espionage by rival confectionery manufacturers. When he returns to the factory with Charlie for the tour, Wonka asks if he was a spy working for a competing factory before he humbly welcomes him back." + ] + ], + [ + "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory", + [ + "The film tells the story of Charlie Bucket (Peter Ostrum) as he receives a Golden Ticket and visits Willy Wonka's chocolate factory with four other children from around the world. Filming took place in Munich in 1970, and the film was released by Paramount Pictures on June 30, 1971. With a budget of just $3 million, the film received generally positive reviews and earned $4 million by the end of its original run. Paramount distributed the film until 1977, and beginning in the 1980s, Warner Bros. assumed control of the rights for home entertainment purposes. The film then made an additional $21 million during its re-release by Warner Bros. under its Family Entertainment banner in 1996. The film became highly popular in part through repeated television airings and home entertainment sales. In 1972, the film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, and Wilder was nominated for a Golden Globe as Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, but lost both to Fiddler on the Roof. The film also introduced the song ``The Candy Man '', which went on to become a popular hit when recorded by Sammy Davis Jr. In 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being`` culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant''." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Ostrum", + [ + "Peter Gardner Ostrum (/ ˈoʊstrəm /; born November 1957) is an American veterinarian and former child actor whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 2005 musical fantasy comedy film directed by Tim Burton and written by John August, based on the 1964 British novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. The film stars Johnny Depp as Willy Wonka and Freddie Highmore as Charlie Bucket. The storyline follows Charlie, who wins a contest and is along with four other contest winners, subsequently led by Wonka on a tour of his chocolate factory, the most magnificent in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)", + [ + "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Theatrical release poster Directed by Tim Burton Produced by Brad Grey Richard D. Zanuck Screenplay by John August Based on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by Roald Dahl Starring Johnny Depp Freddie Highmore David Kelly Helena Bonham Carter Noah Taylor Missi Pyle James Fox Deep Roy Christopher Lee Narrated by Geoffrey Holder Music by Danny Elfman Cinematography Philippe Rousselot Edited by Chris Lebenzon Production companies The Zanuck Company Plan B Entertainment Village Roadshow Pictures Distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures Release date July 10, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 10) (Grauman's Chinese Theatre) July 15, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 15) (United States) July 29, 2005 (2005 - 07 - 29) (United Kingdom) Running time 115 minutes Country United States United Kingdom Language English Budget $150 million Box office $475 million" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__151650_5274_458768_33677", + "question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to the city where the only group larger than the record label of Desde El Principio is headquartered?", + "answer": "2013", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Desde El Principio", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + 0 + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Montevideo", + [ + "In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including \"El Tango supremo\", La Cumparsita\", La Milonga\", \"La Puñalada\" and \"Desde el Alma\", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts." + ] + ], + [ + "Desde El Principio", + [ + "\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Cargo Records (UK)", + [ + "Cargo Records is a record label based in London, England, which distributes musical recordings in the United Kingdom and Europe. The company currently distributes records in a wide variety of genres, both as a label in its own right and as a distributor for other independent record labels." + ] + ], + [ + "NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award", + [ + "Since its inception, the award has been given to 21 different players. Dikembe Mutombo and Ben Wallace have each won the award a record four times. Dwight Howard is the only player to ever win the award in three consecutive seasons. Sidney Moncrief, Mark Eaton, Dennis Rodman, Hakeem Olajuwon, Alonzo Mourning, and Kawhi Leonard have each won it twice. The most recent award recipient is Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors." + ] + ], + [ + "Cannondale Bicycle Corporation", + [ + "The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Canadian conglomerate Dorel Industries that supplies bicycles. It is headquartered in Wilton, Connecticut with manufacturing and assembly facilities in China." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + [ + "Santa Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Peugeot", + [ + "The Peugeot family of Valentigney, Montbéliard, Franche-Comté, France, began in the manufacturing business in the 19th century. In 1842, they added production of coffee, pepper, and salt grinders. The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, saw blades, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his \"Le Grand Bi\" penny-farthing in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles. The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades. The car company and bike company parted ways in 1926 but Peugeot bicycles continued to be built until very recently." + ] + ], + [ + "Rebelle Records", + [ + "Rebelle Records AB is a record label founded by Björn Afzelius in 1988. The name is a convergence of his two daughters' names \"Rebecca\" and \"Isabelle\". The company, which holds the rights to all of Afzelius music is now located in Snekkersten, Denmark." + ] + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + [ + "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California." + ] + ], + [ + "Biltmore Records", + [ + "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business." + ] + ], + [ + "Metropolis International", + [ + "Metropolis International Group Limited, established in 1994, is a predominantly UK-based media and technology group specialising in business, consumer and travel media including awards, events and websites, business software, and reward and benefit programmes. It currently has 300 employees and runs offices in West London, Croydon, Bolton, Chester, Dublin, Acton and New York City. The company's headquarters are currently located in Acton, West London." + ] + ], + [ + "MCA Records", + [ + "MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville." + ] + ], + [ + "El Pollo Loco", + [ + "El Pollo Loco, Inc. is a restaurant chain based in the United States, specializing in Mexican - style grilled chicken. Restaurant service consists of: dine - in, take - out, with some locations offering drive through options. The company is headquartered in Costa Mesa, California and operates over 400 (as of March 2014) company - owned and franchised restaurants in the Southwestern United States. ``El Pollo Loco ''is Spanish for`` The Crazy Chicken''." + ] + ], + [ + "Post-punk", + [ + "During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s." + ] + ], + [ + "John Holland Group", + [ + "The John Holland Group is a construction, tunnelling, rail, building and services provider with operations in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia and the Middle East. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a 100% owned subsidiary of China Communications Construction Company, a Chinese state owned enterprise." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__435184_84856", + "question": "When does the new season of the show starring the cast member of Pizza Man start?", + "answer": "January 20, 2017", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Real Time with Bill Maher", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pizza Man", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Real Time with Bill Maher", + [ + "Season Episodes Originally aired First aired Last aired 20 February 21, 2003 (2003 - 02 - 21) September 26, 2003 (2003 - 09 - 26) 23 January 16, 2004 (2004 - 01 - 16) November 5, 2004 (2004 - 11 - 05) 23 February 18, 2005 (2005 - 02 - 18) November 4, 2005 (2005 - 11 - 04) 24 February 17, 2006 (2006 - 02 - 17) November 17, 2006 (2006 - 11 - 17) 5 24 February 16, 2007 (2007 - 02 - 16) November 2, 2007 (2007 - 11 - 02) 6 27 January 11, 2008 (2008 - 01 - 11) November 14, 2008 (2008 - 11 - 14) 7 31 February 20, 2009 (2009 - 02 - 20) October 16, 2009 (2009 - 10 - 16) 8 25 February 19, 2010 (2010 - 02 - 19) November 12, 2010 (2010 - 11 - 12) 9 35 January 14, 2011 (2011 - 01 - 14) November 11, 2011 (2011 - 11 - 11) 10 35 January 13, 2012 (2012 - 01 - 13) November 16, 2012 (2012 - 11 - 16) 11 35 January 18, 2013 (2013 - 01 - 18) November 22, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 22) 12 35 January 17, 2014 (2014 - 01 - 17) November 21, 2014 (2014 - 11 - 21) 13 35 January 9, 2015 (2015 - 01 - 09) November 20, 2015 (2015 - 11 - 20) 14 38 January 15, 2016 (2016 - 01 - 15) November 11, 2016 (2016 - 11 - 11) 15 TBA January 20, 2017 (2017 - 01 - 20) TBA" + ] + ], + [ + "Twenty Vicodin", + [ + "\"Twenty Vicodin\" is the eighth season premiere episode of the American television medical drama series \"House\" and the 156th overall episode of the series. It aired on Fox on October 3, 2011. The episode introduces a new regular cast member to the series, Odette Annable, who plays Dr. Jessica Adams. Jaleel White, who played Steve Urkel on the ABC show \"Family Matters\", makes a guest appearance in the episode. In the episode, the storyline picks up eleven months after the season seventh finale with House in prison." + ] + ], + [ + "Pizza Hut", + [ + "Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. The company is known for its Italian - American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, and is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies." + ] + ], + [ + "Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint", + [ + "Uncle Maddio's Pizza Joint is a fast casual restaurant chain serving pizzas, salads and sandwiches with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Papa John's Pizza", + [ + "The Papa John's restaurant was founded in 1984 when ``Papa ''John Schnatter knocked out a broom closet in the back of his father's tavern, Mick's Lounge, in Jeffersonville, Indiana. He then sold his 1971 Camaro Z28 to purchase US $1,600 worth of used pizza equipment and began selling pizzas to the tavern's customers out of the converted closet. His pizzas proved sufficiently popular that a year later he moved into an adjoining space. Dipping sauce specifically for pizza was invented by Papa John's Pizza that same year, and has since become popular when eating pizza, especially the crust. The company went public in 1993. A year later it had 500 stores, and by 1997 it had opened 1,500 stores. In 2009, Schnatter reacquired the Camaro back after offering a reward of $250,000 for the car." + ] + ], + [ + "Pizza Man", + [ + "Pizza Man is a 1991 comedy film starring Bill Maher and Annabelle Gurwitch; written and directed by J.F. Lawton who was credited in the film as J.D. Athens. The film received a PG-13 rating by the MPAA." + ] + ], + [ + "Jet's Pizza", + [ + "Jet's America, Inc. (doing business as Jet's Pizza) is an American pizza franchise restaurant. It was founded in 1978 in Sterling Heights, Michigan, and operates primarily in the state of Michigan." + ] + ], + [ + "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce", + [ + "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce (also known as Girlfriends' Guide to Freedom starting with season 3) is an American comedy - drama television series developed by Marti Noxon for the American cable network Bravo. Based on the Girlfriends' Guides book series by Vicki Iovine, the series revolves around Abby McCarthy, a self - help author who finds solace in new friends and adventures as she faces an impending divorce. Lisa Edelstein portrays the main character Abby. Beau Garrett, Necar Zadegan and Paul Adelstein co-star. Janeane Garofalo was part of the main cast for the first seven episodes of season 1 before departing the cast. She was replaced in episode 8 with Alanna Ubach. Retta recurred during the show's second season before being promoted to the main cast at the start of season 3." + ] + ], + [ + "Sicilian pizza", + [ + "Sicilian pizza is pizza prepared in a manner that originated in Sicily, Italy. Sicilian pizza is also known as \"sfincione\" or focaccia with toppings. In the United States, the phrase \"Sicilian pizza\" is often synonymous with thick-crust pizza derived from the Sicilian \"sfincione\" .This type of pizza became a popular dish in western Sicily by the mid-19th century and was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily until the 1860s. The version with tomatoes was not available prior to the 17th century. It eventually reached North America in a slightly altered form, with thicker crust and a rectangular shape." + ] + ], + [ + "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", + [ + "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season." + ] + ], + [ + "The Gossip Game", + [ + "The Gossip Game is an American reality television series on VH1 that debuted on April 1, 2013, and chronicles the lives of seven media personalities who cover the urban entertainment market and reside in New York City. Cast member Vivian Billings confirmed via her blog in June 2013 that the series will not be returning for a second season." + ] + ], + [ + "Christopher Masterson", + [ + "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson." + ] + ], + [ + "Basketball Wives LA", + [ + "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love." + ] + ], + [ + "Little Caesars", + [ + "Little Caesar Enterprises Inc. (doing business as Little Caesars) is the third - largest pizza chain in the United States, behind Pizza Hut and Domino's Pizza. It operates and franchises pizza restaurants in the United States and internationally in Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean. The company was founded in 1959 and is based in Detroit, Michigan, headquartered in the Fox Theatre building in Downtown. Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings, Inc." + ] + ], + [ + "Who's the Boss?", + [ + "By the fall of 1990, with Samantha beginning college and Jonathan in high school, Who's the Boss?, like other series getting on in years, added a new younger cast member. Producers brought in five - year - old Billy (Jonathan Halyalkar), a kid from the Micellis' old Brooklyn neighborhood, whose grandmother left Billy in Tony's care. He moved in with the Bower family in season 7. Billy was a comic foil to Tony, but also attempted to get into the mix in other characters' storylines. He only lasted that season, however. In the E! True Hollywood Story about the series, Katherine Helmond remarked that Halyalkar was a gifted performer, but had difficulty catching up to the pace of the acting and timing the senior cast members had long established with each other. He was written out of the show at the end of the season. In the beginning of season 8, it was briefly explained that Billy had gone to live with another foster family." + ] + ], + [ + "One Tree Hill (season 6)", + [ + "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale." + ] + ], + [ + "The Challenge (TV series)", + [ + "The Challenge (originally known as Road Rules: All Stars, followed by Real World / Road Rules Challenge) is a reality game show on MTV that is spun off from the network's two reality shows, Real World and Road Rules. It features alumni from these two shows, in addition to first - time cast members called 'Fresh Meat', alumni from Are You the One?, and relatives of these cast members called 'Bloodlines', competing against one another for a cash prize. The Challenge is currently hosted by T.J. Lavin. The series premiered on June 1, 1998. The title of the show was originally Road Rules: All Stars before it was renamed Real World / Road Rules Challenge by the show's 2nd season, then later abridged to simply The Challenge by the show's 19th season. The series initially used no hosts but instead a former cast member who had been kicked off his or her season, providing assignments as ``Mr. ''or`` Ms. Big'' (David ``Puck ''Rainey, David Edwards, and Gladys Sanabria served this role). Later on, however, the series began using hosts: Eric Nies and Mark Long co-hosted a season, and Jonny Moseley and Dave Mirra hosted various seasons before T.J. Lavin became the show's regular host by the 11th season." + ] + ], + [ + "Brittany Petros", + [ + "Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition \"Big Brother\" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles." + ] + ], + [ + "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce", + [ + "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce (also known as Girlfriends' Guide to Freedom in season 3, Girlfriends' Guide to Bossing Up in season 4, and Girlfriends' Guide to Ever After in season 5) is an American comedy-drama television series developed by Marti Noxon for the American cable network Bravo. Based on the \"Girlfriends' Guides\" book series by Vicki Iovine, the series revolves around Abby McCarthy, a self-help author who finds solace in new friends and adventures as she faces an impending divorce. Lisa Edelstein portrays the main character Abby. Beau Garrett and Necar Zadegan co-star. Janeane Garofalo was part of the main cast for the first seven episodes of season 1 before departing the cast. She was replaced in episode 8 with Alanna Ubach. Paul Adelstein co-starred as a main cast member for the first two seasons, before being reduced to a recurring character for the third and fifth seasons. Retta recurred during the show's second season before being promoted to the main cast at the start of season 3." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes", + [ + "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__506099_20057", + "question": "Who founded the organisation that owns Defective by Design?", + "answer": "Richard Stallman", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Intellectual property", + 0 + ], + [ + "Defective by Design", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Neboulos", + [ + "Neboulos () was a South Slavic or Bulgar military commander in the service of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II (r. 685–695 and 705–711), who defected with many of his men to the Arabs during the crucial Battle of Sebastopolis." + ] + ], + [ + "Josef Frolík", + [ + "Josef Frolík (September 22, 1928 – May 1989) was a Czechoslovak spy who, in 1969, defected to the United States and joined the CIA." + ] + ], + [ + "Scaled Composites", + [ + "Scaled Composites (often called simply Scaled) is an American aerospace company founded by Burt Rutan and currently owned by Northrop Grumman that is located at the Mojave Air and Space Port, Mojave, California, United States. Founded to develop experimental aircraft, the company now focuses on designing and developing concept craft and prototype fabrication processes for aircraft and other vehicles. It is known for unconventional designs, for its use of non-metal, composite materials, and for winning the Ansari X Prize with its experimental spacecraft SpaceShipOne." + ] + ], + [ + "A&E Design", + [ + "A&E Design is a Swedish design company, founded in 1968 by the duo Tom Ahlström (born 1943) and Hans Ehrich (born 1942), after graduating from Konstfack, the University College of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm." + ] + ], + [ + "Promod", + [ + "Promod was created in France in 1975 as a family boutique with their self-designed clothes for women. The company rapidly expanded and now sells their clothing in 50 countries and since 1999 also online. They can be found in their own shops, or in concessions inside larger retail shops. Gross sales exceed 1 billion Euros per year." + ] + ], + [ + "Municipal Art Gallery (Thessaloniki)", + [ + "The Municipal Art Gallery of the Municipality of Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece was founded in 1966 as an offshoot of the Municipal Library. Since 1986 it has been housed in the Villa Mordoch on Vassilissis Olgas Avenue, a mansion designed by the architect Xenophon Paionidis in the eclectic style in 1905 and owned by the Municipality of Thessaloniki. Since 2013 it is housed in Villa Bianca, also on Vassilissis Olgas Avenue. It also uses the Makridis Room near the Posidonio sports centre on the sea front and the old Archaeological Museum (Yeni Cami) as permanent exhibition spaces." + ] + ], + [ + "Dorian Shainin", + [ + "Shainin's development of the ``Red X ''concept originated from his association with Joseph Juran. In the 1940s Juran coined and popularized the notion of`` the vital few and trivial many,'' also known as ``The Pareto Principle, ''recognizing the uneven impact of problems on business performance to be the same phenomenon that Vilfredo Pareto had observed in respect to the distribution of wealth. As suggested by Juran,`` I observed (as had many others before me) that quality defects are unequal in frequency, i.e., when a long list of defects was arranged in the order of frequency, a relative few of the defects accounted for the bulk of the defectiveness.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Alexander Julian", + [ + "Alexander Julian (born ) is an American clothing designer widely known for his \"Colours\" clothing brand and designing his own clothing fabric. Julian has won five Coty Awards for design — the first before age 30—and the Cutty Sark award three times." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term." + ] + ], + [ + "The Caiman", + [ + "The production of the film is rife with problems, including the defection of the main actor Marco Pulici (Michele Placido), but the plot of \"The Caiman\" also deals with the domestic issues between Bonomo and Paola until their final separation, with the compromises made for their two sons." + ] + ], + [ + "Chinese drywall", + [ + "``Chinese drywall ''refers to an environmental health issue involving defective drywall manufactured in China, imported to the United States and used in residential construction between 2001 and 2009 -- affecting`` an estimated 100,000 homes in more than 20 states.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Defective by Design", + [ + "Defective by Design is an anti-DRM initiative by the Free Software Foundation. DRM technology, known as \"digital rights management\" technology by its supporters, restricts users' ability to freely use their purchased movies, music, literature, software, and hardware in ways they are accustomed to with ordinary non-restricted media (such as books and audio compact discs). As a result, DRM has been described as \"digital \"restrictions\" management\" or \"digital \"restrictions mechanisms\"\" by opponents." + ] + ], + [ + "Romuald Spasowski", + [ + "F. Romuald Spasowski (August 20, 1920 – August 11, 1995), once an ardent Communist and Poland's ambassador to the United States, is best known for having defected at the height of the Solidarity crisis in 1981." + ] + ], + [ + "David Fagen", + [ + "A native of Tampa, Florida, USA, David Fagen (1875-?) was an African-American soldier who defected during the Philippine-American War. He acquired the rank of Captain in the Philippine Revolutionary Army." + ] + ], + [ + "Qing dynasty", + [ + "Han Chinese Banners were made up of Han Chinese who defected to the Qing up to 1644 and joined the Eight Banners, giving them social and legal privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. This multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority conquered China for the Qing." + ] + ], + [ + "Permaculture", + [ + "By the early 1980s, the concept had broadened from agricultural systems design towards sustainable human habitats. After Permaculture One, Mollison further refined and developed the ideas by designing hundreds of permaculture sites and writing more detailed books, such as Permaculture: A Designers Manual. Mollison lectured in over 80 countries and taught his two-week Permaculture Design Course (PDC) to hundreds of students. Mollison \"encouraged graduates to become teachers themselves and set up their own institutes and demonstration sites. This multiplier effect was critical to permaculture’s rapid expansion.\"The permaculture movement also spread throughout Asia and Central America, with Hong Kong-based Asian Institute of Sustainable Architecture (AISA), Rony Lec leading the foundation of the Mesoamerican Permaculture Institute (IMAP) in Guatemala and Juan Rojas co-founding the Permaculture Institute of El Salvador." + ] + ], + [ + "Squire and Partners", + [ + "Squire and Partners is a British architectural firm founded in 1976 known for designing and executing buildings on key sites in London and internationally." + ] + ], + [ + "Software testing", + [ + "Software faults occur through the following processes. A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code. If this defect is executed, in certain situations the system will produce wrong results, causing a failure. Not all defects will necessarily result in failures. For example, defects in dead code will never result in failures. A defect can turn into a failure when the environment is changed. Examples of these changes in environment include the software being run on a new computer hardware platform, alterations in source data, or interacting with different software. A single defect may result in a wide range of failure symptoms." + ] + ], + [ + "Fashion Design Council of Canada", + [ + "The Fashion Design Council of Canada (FDCC) is a non-government, not-for-profit organization co-founded in 1999 by Pat McDonagh and Robin Kay. Their mission is to showcase Canadian fashion design nationally and internationally as well as introducing foreign designers to local Canadian markets. The FDCC aims to connect \"designers, media, buyers, sponsors, and industry.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Herter Brothers", + [ + "The firm of Herter Brothers, New York, (working 1864–1906), founded by Gustave (1830–1898) and Christian Herter (1839–1883), begun as an upholstery warehouse, became one of the first firms of furniture makers and interior decorators in the United States after the Civil War. With their own design office and cabinet-making and upholstery workshops, Herter Brothers were prepared to accomplish every aspect of interior furnishing including decorative paneling and mantels, wall and ceiling decoration, patterned floors and carpets and draperies." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__61143_165532", + "question": "Who is the spouse of the actor who played hannibal smith in the a team?", + "answer": "Sherry Boucher", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Five Days from Home", + 0 + ], + [ + "John \"Hannibal\" Smith", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Red Dragon (2002 film)", + [ + "Red Dragon is a 2002 horror film based on the novel of the same title by Thomas Harris. Anthony Hopkins stars as psychiatrist and serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter. It is a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Hannibal (2001). The novel was originally adapted into the film Manhunter (1986)." + ] + ], + [ + "Plautus", + [ + "The Second Punic War occurred from 218–201 BC; its central event was Hannibal's invasion of Italy. M. Leigh has devoted an extensive chapter about Plautus and Hannibal in his 2004 book, \"Comedy and the Rise of Rome\". He says that \"the plays themselves contain occasional references to the fact that the state is at arms...\". One good example is a piece of verse from the \"Miles Gloriosus,\" the composition date of which is not clear but which is often placed in the last decade of the 3rd century BC. A. F. West believes that this is inserted commentary on the Second Punic War. In his article \"On a Patriotic Passage in the \"Miles Gloriosus\" of Plautus\", he states that the war \"engrossed the Romans more than all other public interests combined\". The passage seems intended to rile up the audience, beginning with \"hostis tibi adesse\", or \"the foe is near at hand\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Joy Harmon", + [ + "Joy Harmon Harmon with Roger Smith in an episode of Mister Roberts, 1965. Joy Patricia Harmon (1940 - 05 - 01) May 1, 1940 (age 77) Flushing, New York, U.S. Years active 1956 -- 1973 Known for Car washing girl in Cool Hand Luke Spouse (s) Jeff Gourson (1968 -- 2001); 3 children Awards Miss Connecticut (runner - up) Website http://www.auntjoyscakes.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Christine Collins (rower)", + [ + "Christine Smith-Collins (born September 9, 1969 in Darien, Connecticut) is an American rower. Prior to her rowing for team USA, Collins rowed for the Trinity College women's crew team." + ] + ], + [ + "Clarice Starling", + [ + "In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, she was played by Jodie Foster, while in the film adaptation of Hannibal, she was played by Julianne Moore." + ] + ], + [ + "Five Days from Home", + [ + "Five Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner." + ] + ], + [ + "Rod Smith (wide receiver)", + [ + "Roderick Duane Smith (born May 15, 1970) is a former American football wide receiver who played thirteen seasons for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Missouri Southern State. He was originally signed by the Broncos as an undrafted free agent and played his entire career with the team. 's offseason, his 849 career receptions and 11,389 receiving yards ranked him 27th and 31st all-time." + ] + ], + [ + "University of Kansas", + [ + "The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898. The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender currently coached by Bill Self. The team has won five national titles, including three NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. The basketball program is currently the second winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,070–806 through the 2011–12 season. The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse. Perhaps its best recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s. Kansas has counted among its coaches Dr. James Naismith (the inventor of basketball and only coach in Kansas history to have a losing record), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen (\"the Father of basketball coaching\"), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown. In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team. Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen. Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller. Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament. The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA." + ] + ], + [ + "The A-Team (film)", + [ + "Liam Neeson as Colonel John ``Hannibal ''Smith Bradley Cooper as First Lieutenant Templeton`` Face'' Peck Quinton Jackson as Sergeant First Class Bosco ``B.A. ''Baracus Sharlto Copley as Captain H.M.`` Howling Mad'' Murdock Jessica Biel as Charissa Sosa Patrick Wilson as Agent Vance Burress a.k.a. Agent Lynch Brian Bloom as Brock Pike. Bloom was also a writer on the film. Gerald McRaney as General Russell Morrison Jon Hamm as Lynch (uncredited) Terry Chen as Ravech C. Ernst Harth as Crematorium Attendant Corey Burton as Narrator Yul Vazquez as General Javier Tuco" + ] + ], + [ + "Tanisha Smith", + [ + "Tanisha Smith (born May 11, 1988) is a former professional basketball player who was drafted by the Seattle Storm in the second round of the 2011 WNBA Draft. She played college basketball for Texas A&M and University of Arkansas – Fort Smith." + ] + ], + [ + "Piper Kerman", + [ + "Piper Kerman Kerman at the University of Missouri in 2014 Piper Eressea Kerman (1969 - 09 - 28) September 28, 1969 (age 49) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Alma mater Smith College Occupation Writer, author, memoirist Notable work Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison Spouse (s) Larry Smith (m. 2006) Website piperkerman.com www.thepipebomb.com" + ] + ], + [ + "John \"Hannibal\" Smith", + [ + "Colonel John ``Hannibal ''Smith, played by George Peppard, is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action - adventure television series The A-Team. The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually ended up going to Peppard." + ] + ], + [ + "Hal Smith (infielder)", + [ + "Harold Wayne Smith (born December 7, 1930) is a retired American professional baseball player. He was a utilityman — a catcher, third baseman and first baseman — in Major League Baseball from to who played for five different teams, but is best known for his key role during the 1960 World Series as a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates. During his playing career, he threw and batted right-handed, stood tall, and weighed ." + ] + ], + [ + "Hannibal (TV series)", + [ + "Hannibal is an American psychological horror–thriller television series developed by Bryan Fuller for NBC. The series is based on characters and elements appearing in Thomas Harris' novels \"Red Dragon\", \"Hannibal\" and \"Hannibal Rising\" with focus on the relationship between FBI special investigator Will Graham (Hugh Dancy) and Dr. Hannibal Lecter (Mads Mikkelsen), a forensic psychiatrist destined to become Graham's most cunning enemy and at the same time, the only person who can understand him." + ] + ], + [ + "Hannibal (Leckie novel)", + [ + "Hannibal is a 1995 historical novel by Scottish writer Ross Leckie. The book relates the exploits of Hannibal's invasion of Rome beginning in 218 BC, narrated by the Carthaginian general in his retirement. It was the first of the \"Carthage\" trilogy, covering the Punic Wars. The novel received mixed reviews, mainly due to the extreme violence occasionally described in the narrative." + ] + ], + [ + "Ron Smith (wide receiver)", + [ + "Smith played defensive end at Kathleen High School in Lakeland, Florida. At and , he received an offer to play for Cal State Fullerton, and instead enrolled at Fullerton College. He switched to playing wide receiver after his first year, and was a Junior College All-American the following season, when he earned a scholarship to play with San Diego State. As a senior in 1977, Smith caught 49 passes for around 700 yards and 14 touchdowns and was a key to the Aztecs' 10–1 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Tuppy Owen-Smith", + [ + "Harold Geoffrey Owen \"Tuppy\" Owen-Smith (18 February 1909 – 28 February 1990) was a South African cricketer who played Test cricket for South Africa and a rugby player who played for and captained the England rugby union team. He was born in Rondebosch, Cape Town, and died at Rosebank, also in Cape Town." + ] + ], + [ + "Altoona Mountain Citys", + [ + "For its one year of existence, the Altoona Mountain Citys were managed by Ed Curtis and played in Altoona's Columbia Park. Among its roster, catcher Jerrie Moore and shortstop Germany Smith were two of its best players. John Murphy and Jim Brown were the team's ace pitchers." + ] + ], + [ + "Gaspard Ulliel", + [ + "Gaspard Ulliel (; born 25 November 1984) is a French actor and model. He is best known for portraying serial killer Hannibal Lecter in \"Hannibal Rising\" (2007) and fashion mogul Yves Saint Laurent in the biopic \"Saint Laurent\" (2014), and for being the face of the Chanel men's fragrance, Bleu de Chanel." + ] + ], + [ + "Hannibal (disambiguation)", + [ + "Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award -- winning film The Silence of the Lambs in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the iconic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__73796_87694_124169", + "question": "When did the Governorship end of the city that contains the basilica named after the saint who was the apostle that was crucified upside down?", + "answer": "1952", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Governor of Vatican City", + 0 + ], + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica", + 0 + ], + [ + "Saint Peter", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Alcuéscar", + [ + "Alcuéscar is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. The town is on the Silver Route (the Via de la Plata) branch of the Camino de Santiago, the pilgrimage trail to the burial place of St. James the Apostle." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor of Vatican City", + [ + "The post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomasleeha", + [ + "Thomasleeha or St. Thomas is a 1975 Malayalam historical drama film based on the life of St. Thomas the Apostle and his missionary work in India. It was directed and produced by P. A. Thomas." + ] + ], + [ + "Church of St. Leodegar (Lucerne)", + [ + "The Church of St. Leodegar (German: St. Leodegar im Hof or Hofkirche St. Leodegar) is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Lucerne, Switzerland. It was built in parts from 1633 to 1639 on the foundation of the Roman basilica which had burnt in 1633. This church was one of the few built north of the Alps during the Thirty Years War and one of the largest art history rich churches of the German late renaissance period." + ] + ], + [ + "Mosaic", + [ + "In the following century Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, became the center of late Roman mosaic art (see details in Ravenna section). Milan also served as the capital of the western empire in the 4th century. In the St Aquilinus Chapel of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, mosaics executed in the late 4th and early 5th centuries depict Christ with the Apostles and the Abduction of Elijah; these mosaics are outstanding for their bright colors, naturalism and adherence to the classical canons of order and proportion. The surviving apse mosaic of the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, which shows Christ enthroned between Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius and angels before a golden background date back to the 5th and to the 8th century, although it was restored many times later. The baptistery of the basilica, which was demolished in the 15th century, had a vault covered with gold-leaf tesserae, large quantities of which were found when the site was excavated. In the small shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro, now a chapel of Sant'Ambrogio, every surface is covered with mosaics from the second half of the 5th century. Saint Victor is depicted in the center of the golden dome, while figures of saints are shown on the walls before a blue background. The low spandrels give space for the symbols of the four Evangelists." + ] + ], + [ + "The Vision of Constantine (Bernini)", + [ + "The Vision of Constantine is an equestrian sculpture by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, located in the Scala Regia by St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Originally commissioned as a free standing work of art within St. Peter's itself, the sculpture was finally unveiled in 1670 as an integral part of the Scala Regia - Bernini's redesigned stairway between St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Palace. Unlike other large works by Bernini, art historians have suggested that this work was almost entirely undertaken by him - no other sculptors have been recorded as receiving payment. Bernini's overall fee was 7,000 Roman scudi." + ] + ], + [ + "Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re", + [ + "Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re is a Roman Catholic church (minor basilica) in Rome, designed between the 1920s and 1930s by Marcello Piacentini." + ] + ], + [ + "Bacarra Church", + [ + "Bacarra Church is a Roman Catholic church located in the municipality of Bacarra, Ilocos Norte, Philippines under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Laoag. The church was founded by the Augustinians, who dedicated it to St. Andrew." + ] + ], + [ + "Dedication of Saints Peter and Paul", + [ + "The Dedication of the Basilicas of the Apostles Peter and Paul is a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church, which is celebrated on 18 November." + ] + ], + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica", + [ + "The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington", + [ + "Archdiocese of Washington Archidioecesis Vashingtonensis Location Country United States Territory District of Columbia plus counties of Montgomery, Prince George's, St. Mary's, Calvert, and Charles in Maryland Ecclesiastical province Washington Statistics Area 2,104 sq mi (5,450 km) Population - Total - Catholics (as of 2014) 2,867,377 630,823 (22.0%) Parishes 139 Information Denomination Roman Catholic Rite Roman Rite Established November 15, 1947 (70 years ago) Cathedral Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle Patron saint St. Matthew Current leadership Pope Francis Metropolital Archbishop Cardinal Donald Wuerl Auxiliary Bishops Mario E. Dorsonville Roy Edward Campbell Emeritus Bishops Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick Francisco González Valer Website www.adw.org" + ] + ], + [ + "Alatri Cathedral", + [ + "Alatri Cathedral, otherwise the Basilica of Saint Paul (; \"Basilica concattedrale di San Paolo apostolo\"), is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Alatri, Lazio, Italy, dedicated to Saint Paul. It was formerly the cathedral of the Diocese of Alatri. Since 30 September 1986 it has been a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Anagni-Alatri. Pope Pius XII declared it a basilica minor on 10 September 1950." + ] + ], + [ + "Vatican Necropolis", + [ + "The Vatican Necropolis lies under the Vatican City, at depths varying between 5 -- 12 meters below Saint Peter's Basilica. The Vatican sponsored archeological excavations (also known by their Italian name scavi) under Saint Peter's in the years 1940 -- 1949 which revealed parts of a necropolis dating to Imperial times. The work was undertaken at the request of Pope Pius XI who wished to be buried as close as possible to Peter the Apostle. It is also home to the Tomb of the Julii, which has been dated to the third or fourth century. The necropolis was not originally one of the underground Catacombs of Rome, but an open air cemetery with tombs and mausolea." + ] + ], + [ + "Sant'Eustachio", + [ + "Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, named for the martyr Saint Eustace. It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the rione Sant'Eustachio, a block west of the Pantheon and via della Rotonda, and a block east of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza and the Via della Dogana Vecchia." + ] + ], + [ + "St. Peter's Basilica", + [ + "Old St. Peter's Basilica was the 4th - century church begun by the Emperor Constantine the Great between 319 and 333 AD. It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a transept or bema, giving the building the shape of a tau cross. It was over 103.6 metres (340 ft) long, and the entrance was preceded by a large colonnaded atrium. This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter. It contained a very large number of burials and memorials, including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century. Like all of the earliest churches in Rome, both this church and its successor had the entrance to the east and the apse at the west end of the building. Since the construction of the current basilica, the name Old St. Peter's Basilica has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint Peter", + [ + "According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel. His remains are said to be those contained in the underground Confessio of St. Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced in 1968 the excavated discovery of a first - century Roman cemetery. Every 29 June since 1736, a statue of Saint Peter in St. Peter's Basilica is adorned with papal tiara, ring of the fisherman, and papal vestments, as part of the celebration of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. According to Catholic doctrine, the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is the incumbent pope, currently Pope Francis." + ] + ], + [ + "Cathedral Basilica of Lima", + [ + "The Basilica Cathedral of Lima, otherwise Lima Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the Plaza Mayor of downtown Lima, Peru. Construction began in 1535, and the building has undergone many reconstructions and transformations since. It retains its colonial structure and facade. It is dedicated to St John, Apostle and Evangelist." + ] + ], + [ + "Đakovo Cathedral", + [ + "The Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia." + ] + ], + [ + "Martyrs' Shrine", + [ + "The Martyrs' Shrine is a Roman Catholic church in Midland, Ontario, Canada, which is consecrated to the memory of the Canadian Martyrs, six Jesuit Martyrs and two lay persons from the mission of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons. It is one of nine national shrines in Canada, including, among others, St. Joseph's Oratory in Montreal and the Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré." + ] + ], + [ + "Jude the Apostle", + [ + "Saint Jude the Apostle Apostle Jude by Anthony van Dyck Apostle and Martyr 1st century AD Galilee, Judaea, Roman Empire 1st century AD Persia, or Ararat, Armenia Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Churches, Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Church of the East, Anglican Communion, Lutheranism, Aglipayan Church Islam Canonized Pre-Congregation Major shrine Saint Peter's, Rome, Reims, Toulouse, France Feast October 28 (Western Christianity) June 19 (Eastern Christianity) Attributes Axe, club, boat, oar, medallion Patronage Armenia; lost causes; desperate situations; hospitals; St. Petersburg, Florida; Cotta; the Chicago Police Department; Clube de Regatas do Flamengo from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Lucena, Quezon, Sibalom, Antique, and Trece Mártires, Cavite, the Philippines; and Sinajana in Guam" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__149983_108549", + "question": "Who wrote the fictional work Doctor Fate exists in?", + "answer": "Alfred Gough", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Doctor Fate", + 0 + ], + [ + "Smallville", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Jenna Coleman", + [ + "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 09), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 15) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present)." + ] + ], + [ + "Wooden Heart (novel)", + [ + "Wooden Heart is a BBC Books original novel written by Martin Day and based on the long-running science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones." + ] + ], + [ + "Psi-ence Fiction", + [ + "Psi-ence Fiction is a BBC Books original novel written by Chris Boucher and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Fourth Doctor and Leela." + ] + ], + [ + "EarthWorld", + [ + "EarthWorld is a BBC Books original novel written by Jacqueline Rayner and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji." + ] + ], + [ + "The Eleventh Tiger", + [ + "The Eleventh Tiger is a BBC Books original novel written by David A. McIntee and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the First Doctor, Ian, Barbara, and Vicki." + ] + ], + [ + "Byzantium!", + [ + "Byzantium! is a BBC Books original novel written by Keith Topping and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the First Doctor, Ian, Barbara, and Vicki." + ] + ], + [ + "The Infinity Race", + [ + "The Infinity Race is a BBC Books original novel written by Simon Messingham and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji." + ] + ], + [ + "Postern of Fate", + [ + "Postern of Fate is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie that was first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1973 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at £2.00 and the US edition at $6.95." + ] + ], + [ + "Jenna Coleman", + [ + "Jenna - Louise Coleman (born 27 April 1986), professionally known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress and model. Notable for her work in British television, she is best known for her roles as Jasmine Thomas in the soap opera Emmerdale (2005 -- 2009), Clara Oswald, companion to the Eleventh and Twelfth Doctors in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2012 -- 2015, 2017) and Queen Victoria in the ITV biographical drama series Victoria (2016 -- present)." + ] + ], + [ + "Interference – Book One", + [ + "Interference – Book One: Shock Tactic is an original novel written by Lawrence Miles and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, the Third Doctor, Sam, Fitz, Sarah Jane, and K-9." + ] + ], + [ + "Dreams of Empire", + [ + "Dreams of Empire is a BBC Books original novel written by Justin Richards and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Second Doctor, Victoria and Jamie." + ] + ], + [ + "The Crooked World", + [ + "The Crooked World is a BBC Books original novel written by Steve Lyons and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji." + ] + ], + [ + "The Year of Intelligent Tigers", + [ + "The Year of Intelligent Tigers is a BBC Books original novel written by Kate Orman and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Anji." + ] + ], + [ + "Doctor Fate", + [ + "BULLET::::- Actor Brent Stait played Kent Nelson/Doctor Fate in the \"Smallville\" two-part episode \"Absolute Justice\", with Erica Carroll as Inza Nelson. The Helmet of Nabu reappeared in the season 10 episode \"Lazarus\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Bunker Soldiers", + [ + "Bunker Soldiers is a BBC Books original novel written by Martin Day and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the First Doctor, Steven and Dodo." + ] + ], + [ + "The Suns of Caresh", + [ + "The Suns of Caresh is a BBC Books original novel written by Paul Saint (a pseudonym) and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Third Doctor and Jo." + ] + ], + [ + "The Fall of Yquatine", + [ + "The Fall of Yquatine is a BBC Books original novel written by Nick Walters and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Compassion." + ] + ], + [ + "Smallville", + [ + "Smallville is an American television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The series, initially broadcast by The WB, premiered on October 16, 2001. After \"Smallville\"s fifth season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, the series' later United States broadcaster. \"Smallville\", which ended its tenth and final season on May 13, 2011, follows Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, before he becomes known as Superman. The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school. After season five \"Smallville\" ventures into adult settings, eventually focusing on his career at the \"Daily Planet\" and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains." + ] + ], + [ + "Second Skin (adventure book)", + [ + "\"Second Skin\" is a BBC Books story adventure book written by Richard Dungworth and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Tenth Doctor." + ] + ], + [ + "The Space Age", + [ + "The Space Age is a BBC Books original novel written by Steve Lyons and based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". It features the Eighth Doctor, Fitz and Compassion." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__199881_765799_282674_759393", + "question": "What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county where Miller Electric is headquartered?", + "answer": "Green Bay", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Pulaski High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "Miller Electric", + 0 + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Pulaski High School", + [ + "Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider." + ] + ], + [ + "Orange Bay", + [ + "Orange Bay is the name of two small bays in Jamaica. One is located at in the parish of Westmoreland, to the north of the resort town of Negril. The other is at in the east, in the parish of Portland, 15 miles west of the capital, Port Antonio. Here the name is shared by a small village on the shore of the bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Republic of the Congo", + [ + "The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." + ] + ], + [ + "Potes", + [ + "Potes is a municipality in the autonomous community of Cantabria in Spain. It is the capital of the Comarca of Liébana and is located in the centre of it. It is bordered to the north by Cillorigo de Liébana, to the west by Camaleño, to the south by Vega de Liébana and to the east by Cabezón de Liébana." + ] + ], + [ + "Ou Reang Ov District", + [ + "Ou Reang Ov District () is a district (\"srok\") located in Tboung Khmum Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Ou Reang Ov town located around 30 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by road. Ou Reang Ov lies on the border where Tboung Khmum, Kampong Cham and Prey Veng provinces meet; the town of Prey Veng is only 42 kilometres away by road." + ] + ], + [ + "Jimmy John's", + [ + "Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC Type Privately held company Founded 1983; 34 years ago (1983) Founder Jimmy John Liautaud Headquarters Champaign, Illinois, United States Number of locations 2,630 (December 2016) Key people James North (CEO) Owner Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group Website jimmyjohns.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Sinzongo", + [ + "Sinzongo is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui and near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo." + ] + ], + [ + "Miller Electric", + [ + "Miller Electric is an arc welding and cutting equipment manufacturing company based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Miller Electric has grown from a one-man operation selling products in northeastern Wisconsin to what is today one of the world's largest manufacturers of arc welding and cutting equipment." + ] + ], + [ + "Sokoto North", + [ + "Sokoto North is a Local Government Area in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the state capital of Sokoto." + ] + ], + [ + "List of capitals in the United States", + [ + "Washington, D.C. is the current federal capital city of the United States, as it has been since 1800. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its Insular areas. Historically, most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and other unrecognized governments." + ] + ], + [ + "Meat Corporation of Namibia", + [ + "Meat Corporation of Namibia, locally known as MeatCo, is a meat processing company headquartered in Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. It is the largest exporter of prime beef in Namibia." + ] + ], + [ + "York, Upper Canada", + [ + "The Town of York was the second capital of the district of Upper Canada and the predecessor to Toronto (1834). It was established in 1793 by Lieutenant - Governor John Graves Simcoe as a ``temporary ''location for the capital of Upper Canada, while he made plans to build a capital near today's London, Ontario. Simcoe renamed the location York after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, George III's second son. Simcoe gave up his plan to build a capital at London, and York became the permanent capital of Upper Canada on February 1, 1796. That year Simcoe returned to Britain and was temporarily replaced by Peter Russell." + ] + ], + [ + "CEMIG", + [ + "CEMIG is a Brazilian power company headquartered in Belo Horizonte capital of the state of Minas Gerais. The company is one of the largest power generators and distributors in Brazil being responsible for 12% of the national distribution. The company is the fourth largest electricity company in Brazil by revenue after Eletrobras, Energisa and CPFL Energia." + ] + ], + [ + "Sadık Eliyeşil", + [ + "It is notable that the home of Müftüzade Sadık Pasha, Sadık Eliyeşil's grandfather, in Tarsus was one of the first two houses to be electrified in the Ottoman Empire in 1902, twelve years before electricity was available in Istanbul, the empire's then capital." + ] + ], + [ + "John C. Petersen", + [ + "John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat)." + ] + ], + [ + "Jerome Quinn", + [ + "Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican." + ] + ], + [ + "Dareton, New South Wales", + [ + "Dareton is a town in the far west of New South Wales, Australia. The town is located on the Silver City Highway, 1,025 kilometres west of the state capital, Sydney and 20 kilometres from the regional centre, Mildura, across the border in Victoria. Part of the Wentworth Shire local government area, at the , Dareton had a population of 516." + ] + ], + [ + "Turmequé", + [ + "Turmequé is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Márquez Province. Turmequé is located at northeast from the capital Bogotá. The municipality borders Ventaquemada in the west, in the east Úmbita, in the north Nuevo Colón and in the south the municipality Villapinzón of the department of Cundinamarca." + ] + ], + [ + "Koh Sotin District", + [ + "Koh Sotin District () is a district (\"srok\") located in Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Chi Haer town located around 10 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by water, but some 42 kilometres by road. The district borders on the southern bank of the Mekong River and includes the islands of Koh Sothin and Koh Mitt in its area." + ] + ], + [ + "Krouch Chhmar District", + [ + "Krouch Chhmar District () is a district (\"srok\") located in Tboung Khmum Province, Cambodia. The district capital is Krouch Chhmar town located around 35 kilometres north east of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by water. The Mekong River forms western and northern borders of the districts and includes the Mekong island of Koh Pir in its area. Not surprisingly, communities in this isolated district are mostly clustered along the banks of the river and boats are an important form of transport." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__67057_52871", + "question": "After WWII, when did the US leave the nation it defeated at the Battle of Guadalcanal?", + "answer": "April 28, 1952", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Occupation of Japan", + 0 + ], + [ + "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Donald W. Wolf", + [ + "Donald William Wolf (February 7, 1919 – October 9, 1942) was an American sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees, as well as escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation. When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia. They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Barrosa", + [ + "The Battle of Barrosa (Chiclana, 5 March 1811, also known as the Battle of Chiclana or Battle of Cerro del Puerco) was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre to break the siege of Cádiz in Spain during the Peninsular War. During the battle, a single British division defeated two French divisions and captured a regimental eagle." + ] + ], + [ + "Northern Seven Years' War", + [ + "This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the Western approach to Prussian territory extremely vulnerable. Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance, as he was now without any outside military support for his forces in Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Takamboru", + [ + "Takamboru is a village in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It is located near Vatupilei and Aruliho, by road northwest of Honiara." + ] + ], + [ + "Guadalcanal campaign", + [ + "Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November to retake Henderson Field. Three major land battles, seven large naval battles (five nighttime surface actions and two carrier battles), and almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November, with the defeat of the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and to land with enough troops to retake it. In December, the Japanese abandoned their efforts to retake Guadalcanal, and evacuated their remaining forces by 7 February 1943, in the face of an offensive by the U.S. Army's XIV Corps." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Pollentia", + [ + "The Battle of Pollentia was fought on 6 April 402 (Easter) between the Romans under Stilicho and the Visigoths under Alaric I, during the first Gothic invasion of Italy (401–403). The Romans were victorious, and forced Alaric to retreat, though he rallied to fight again in the next year in the Battle of Verona, where he was again defeated. After this, Alaric retreated from Italy, leaving the province in peace until his second invasion in 409, after Stilicho's death." + ] + ], + [ + "Cape Esperance", + [ + "Cape Esperance () is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. The Battle of Cape Esperance, one of several naval engagements fought in the waters north of the island during the World War II Guadalcanal campaign, took its name from this point. In 1943, Cape Esperance was the site of the final Japanese withdrawal of troops from the island after six months of fierce resistance against occupying US Marines." + ] + ], + [ + "Occupation of Japan", + [ + "The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union was allowed little to no influence over Japan. This foreign presence marks the only time in Japan's history that it has been occupied by a foreign power. The country became a parliamentary democracy that recalled ``New Deal ''priorities of the 1930s by Roosevelt. The occupation, codenamed Operation Blacklist, was ended by the San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, and effective from April 28, 1952, after which Japan's sovereignty -- with the exception, until 1972, of the Ryukyu Islands -- was fully restored." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Dybbøl", + [ + "The Battle of Dybbøl (; ) was the key battle of the Second Schleswig War, fought between Denmark and Prussia. The battle was fought on the morning of 18 April 1864, following a siege that began on 7 April. Denmark suffered a severe defeat which ultimately decided the outcome of the war." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Fariskur", + [ + "The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on April 6, 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France (later Saint Louis) and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynasty. Following an earlier Crusader defeat at the Battle of Al Mansurah, Fariskur resulted in the complete defeat of the crusader army and the capture of Louis IX." + ] + ], + [ + "Guadalcanal campaign", + [ + "On 12 December, the Japanese Navy proposed that Guadalcanal be abandoned. At the same time, several army staff officers at the Imperial General Headquarters (IGH) also suggested that further efforts to retake Guadalcanal would be impossible. A delegation, led by IJA Colonel Joichiro Sanada, chief of the IGH's operations section, visited Rabaul on 19 December and consulted Imamura and his staff. Upon the delegation's return to Tokyo, Sanada recommended that Guadalcanal be abandoned. The IGH's top leaders agreed with Sanada's recommendation on 26 December and ordered their staffs to begin drafting plans for a withdrawal from Guadalcanal, establishment of a new defense line in the central Solomons, and a shifting of priorities and resources to the campaign in New Guinea.On 28 December, General Hajime Sugiyama and Admiral Osami Nagano personally informed Emperor Hirohito of the decision to withdraw from Guadalcanal. On 31 December, the Emperor formally endorsed the decision. The Japanese secretly began to prepare for the evacuation, called Operation Ke, scheduled to begin during the latter part of January 1943." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Chinsurah", + [ + "The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Biderra or Battle of Hoogly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between a force of British troops mainly of the British East India Company and a force of the Dutch East India Company which had been invited by the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar to help him eject the British and establish themselves as the leading commercial company in Bengal. Despite Britain and the Dutch Republic not formally being at war, the Dutch advanced up the Hooghly River. They met a mixed force of British and local troops at Chinsurah, just outside Calcutta. The British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the Dutch, forcing them to withdraw. The British engaged and defeated the ships the Dutch used to deliver the troops in a separate naval battle on November 24." + ] + ], + [ + "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal", + [ + "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II Smoke rises from two Japanese aircraft shot down off Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942. Photographed from USS President Adams; ship at right is USS Betelgeuse. Date 12 -- 15 November 1942 Location Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Result Strategic American victory Belligerents United States Japan Commanders and leaders William Halsey, Jr. Daniel Callaghan † Norman Scott † Willis A. Lee Isoroku Yamamoto Hiroaki Abe Nobutake Kondō Raizo Tanaka Strength 1 carrier 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 3 light cruisers 12 destroyers 2 battleships 6 heavy cruisers 4 light cruisers 16 destroyers 11 transports Casualties and losses First phase (13 Nov): 2 light cruisers 4 destroyers Second phase (14 / 15 Nov): 3 destroyers Plus (13 -- 15 Nov): 36 aircraft for a total of 1,732 killed First phase: 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 2 destroyers 7 transports Second phase: 1 battleship 1 destroyer 4 transports (beached first) Plus: 64 aircraft for a total of 1,900 killed (exclusive of transport losses)" + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Tenaru", + [ + "Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died." + ] + ], + [ + "Caratacus's last battle", + [ + "The Battle of Caer Caradoc was the final battle in Caratacus's resistance to Roman rule. Fought in 50 AD, the Romans defeated the Britons and thus secured the southern areas of the province of Britannia." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Little Bighorn", + [ + "The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass and also commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of US forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. It took place on June 25 -- 26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory." + ] + ], + [ + "USS Hornet (CV-8)", + [ + "USS \"Hornet\" (CV-8), the seventh ship to carry the name \"Hornet\", was a of the United States Navy. During World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the Buin-Faisi-Tonolai Raid. In the Solomon Islands campaign, she was involved in the capture and defense of Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands where she was irreparably damaged by enemy torpedo and dive bombers. Faced with an approaching Japanese surface force, \"Hornet\" was abandoned and later torpedoed and sunk by approaching Japanese destroyers. \"Hornet\" was in service for a year and six days and was the last US fleet carrier ever sunk by enemy fire. For these actions, she was awarded four service stars, a citation for the Doolittle Raid in 1942, and her Torpedo Squadron 8 received a Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary heroism for the Battle of Midway. Her wreck was located in late January 2019 near the Solomon Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Rennell Island", + [ + "The Battle of Rennell Island (Japanese: レンネル島沖海戦) took place on 29–30 January 1943. It was the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. It occurred in the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__370129_621192_10659_42311", + "question": "What is the largest medical school in the nation where, along with the country of citizenship of the mother of Marie Antoinette, many expelled French Jews relocated?", + "answer": "Medical University of Warsaw", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Warsaw", + 0 + ], + [ + "César Gabriel de Choiseul", + 0 + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + 0 + ], + [ + "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy." + ] + ], + [ + "Duchess Marie Antoinette of Mecklenburg", + [ + "Duchess Marie Antoinette of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, also \"Manette\" (Marie Antoinette Margarethe Mathilde; 28 May 1884 – 26 October 1944) was the second daughter of Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg and the Austrian-born Princess Marie of Windisch-Graetz." + ] + ], + [ + "Warsaw", + [ + "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818." + ] + ], + [ + "Medical College of Georgia", + [ + "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperial College London", + [ + "In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashkenazi Jews", + [ + "France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition and concentrated in the southwest, while the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, and speaking mainly Yiddish. The two communities were so separate and different that the National Assembly emancipated them separately in 1790 and 1791." + ] + ], + [ + "London", + [ + "London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe)." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenia", + [ + "Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO." + ] + ], + [ + "Germans", + [ + "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language." + ] + ], + [ + "Lyall Stuart Scott", + [ + "Lyall Stuart Scott was educated at the High School of Glasgow and Strathallan School, Perthshire; graduating from the University of Glasgow in 1943. Thereafter, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in Italy and Austria, where he was appointed Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services for the Eighth Army." + ] + ], + [ + "Anne-Antoinette Diderot", + [ + "Anne-Antoinette Diderot (born Anne-Antoinette Champion 22 February 1710 – 10 April 1796) was the wife of the pioneer encyclopedist Denis Diderot and the mother of his only surviving child, Marie-Angélique Diderot (1753–1824)." + ] + ], + [ + "César Gabriel de Choiseul", + [ + "After having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg convention." + ] + ], + [ + "David Rabeeya", + [ + "David Rabeeya is an Iraqi Jew born in Baghdad, Iraq. He and his family later moved to Israel in about 1951. In about 1970, he moved to the United States. Over the years, Dr. Rabeeya has taught countless students, in all schooling environments-high school, university, and elementary school. He has grown to accept all different cultures and religions over his lifetime, as an Arab Jew. A prolific author, Dr. Rabeeya has written many books on many subjects, but they tend to focus on the Middle East and the relationship between Jews and other groups. He currently works as a teacher for Middle and High School students." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]" + ] + ], + [ + "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest", + [ + "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (1789 – February 26, 1881), was a French politician and diplomat during the Bourbon Restoration. He was the son of François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, one of King Louis XVI of France's last ministers. Born during the opening days of the French Revolution, he was the godson of Queen Marie Antoinette." + ] + ], + [ + "Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences", + [ + "The Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences (BUFHS), also known as the Busitema University Medical School (BUMS) and the Busitema University School of Medicine (BUSM), is the school of medicine of Busitema University, one of Uganda's public universities. The medical school is one of the newer medical schools in the country, having been part of university since 2013. The school provides medical education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels." + ] + ], + [ + "Edmund Burke", + [ + "The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was \"pure foppery\". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: \"I adore his chivalry\". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been \"led in triumph\" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman." + ] + ], + [ + "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau", + [ + "He was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London." + ] + ], + [ + "Mlle Raucourt", + [ + "Françoise Marie Antoinette Saucerotte, called Mlle Raucourt (3 March 1756 – 15 January 1815) was a French actress, engaged at the Comédie Française in 1772-1799, where she became famous as a tragedienne." + ] + ], + [ + "Rose Bertin", + [ + "Marie-Jeanne Rose Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French milliner (\"Marchandes de modes\"), known as the dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and \"haute couture\" to the forefront of popular culture." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__199216_33564", + "question": "During what era was the manufacturer of Agni-V founded?", + "answer": "From the 1950s to the 1970s", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Agni-V", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hyderabad", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Agni-I", + [ + "Agni-I (Agnī \"\"Fire\"\") is a short-range ballistic missile developed by DRDO of India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It is a single-stage missile developed after the Kargil War to fill the gap between 250 km range of Prithvi-II and 2,500 km range of Agni-II. It was first launched on 25 January 2002 from a road mobile launcher at Integrated Test Range (ITR), Wheeler Island. Less than 75 launchers are deployed." + ] + ], + [ + "Comdial", + [ + "Comdial was founded in Oregon in 1977 as a telecommunications research firm. On October 1, 1982 it acquired the telephone manufacturing division of General Dynamics for $53.7 million, gaining the company a major product design and manufacturing operation located in Charlottesville, Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "GeminiJets", + [ + "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales." + ] + ], + [ + "Krauss-Maffei ML 2200 C'C'", + [ + "The diesel-hydraulic locomotive ML 2200 C'C' was a 6 axle variant of the DB Class V 200 series of locomotives, which were built for Yugoslav State Railways (JDŽ) by manufacturer Krauss-Maffei." + ] + ], + [ + "Waltham Manufacturing Company", + [ + "Waltham Manufacturing Company (WMC) was a manufacturer of bicycles, motorcycles, motorized tricycles and quadricycles, buckboards, and automobiles in Waltham, Massachusetts. It sold products under the brand names Orient, Waltham, and Waltham-Orient. The company was founded in 1893, moving to self-propelled vehicles after 1898." + ] + ], + [ + "Agni Air Flight 101", + [ + "Agni Air Flight 101 was a regional flight operated by Agni Air between Kathmandu, Nepal, and Lukla, Nepal, that crashed on 24 August 2010, killing all 14 people on board. Twenty minutes after take-off from Kathmandu, the flight crew had reported technical issues with the aircraft, and requested a return to the airport; they were, however, diverted to a different airport. Five minutes after this transmission contact with the aircraft was lost; the aircraft was found crashed south of Kathmandu." + ] + ], + [ + "V-twin engine", + [ + "Gottlieb Daimler built a V - twin engine in 1889. It was used as a stationary powerplant and to power boats. It was also used in Daimler's second automobile, the 1889 Stahlradwagen (``steel - wheeled car ''). The engine was also manufactured under licence in France by Panhard et Levassor." + ] + ], + [ + "Poggenpohl", + [ + "In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called \"The Ideal\" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of \"The Fitted Kitchen\" in the \"Era of the Commodious Cupboard\". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'." + ] + ], + [ + "New Era Windows", + [ + "New Era Windows is an American worker cooperative formed by Chicago union members seeking to purchase their workplace, a window manufacturing plant located on Goose Island." + ] + ], + [ + "India and weapons of mass destruction", + [ + "India Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear weapon test 18 May 1974 First fusion weapon test 11 May 1998 Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile 110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000 - 5,800 km (Agni - V) NPT Party No Smiling Buddha Declared (Pokhran - II) Disputed (Pokhran - II) 2016 estimate Agni V" + ] + ], + [ + "Aster Società Italiana Motori", + [ + "Aster Società Italiana Motori was an Italian manufacturer of automobiles from 1906-1908. It was founded by the French manufacturer of \"Aster\" cars and engines, Ateliers de Construction Mecanique l'Aster." + ] + ], + [ + "Bedford Dormobile", + [ + "The Bedford Dormobile is a 1960s-era campervan (motorcaravan, motorhome) conversion, based on the Bedford CA van, and subsequently on the Bedford CF. It was manufactured in Folkestone in Kent, southern England, by Martin Walter." + ] + ], + [ + "Ancient Egyptian technology", + [ + "Evidence indicates that Egyptians made use of potter's wheels in the manufacturing of pottery from as early as the 4th Dynasty. Chariots, however, are only believed to have been introduced by the invasion of the Hyksos in the Second Intermediate period; during the New Kingdom era, chariotry became central to Egypt's military." + ] + ], + [ + "Emerson USA", + [ + "Emerson USA Inc. is a California based flag manufacturer. Founded in 2003, the company is one of San Francisco's only textile manufacturers." + ] + ], + [ + "Valanx", + [ + "The BAE Systems Valanx was one of six competitors for a Joint Light Tactical Vehicle that will replace the Humvee. The Valanx featured lightweight advanced armour and a V shaped hull for crew protection. The Valanx was not selected for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase of the program." + ] + ], + [ + "Agni-V", + [ + "Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. Agni V is part of the Agni series of missiles, one of the missile systems under the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Program." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyderabad", + [ + "Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name \"City of Pearls\" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail." + ] + ], + [ + "Agni (1978 film)", + [ + "Agni is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by C. Radhakrishnan and produced by Hassan and P. M. K. Bapu. The film stars Madhu, Vidhubala, Sankaradi and Aboobacker in the lead roles. The film's musical score is by A. T. Ummer." + ] + ], + [ + "Edegarike", + [ + "Edegarike (; \"Guts\") is a 2012 Indian Kannada crime drama film directed by Sumana Kittur, based on the novel of the same name written by Agni Shridhar. It stars Aditya in the lead role. Atul Kulkarni, Achyuth Kumar, Srujan Lokesh, Dharma and Aakanksha Mansukhani Feature in supporting roles." + ] + ], + [ + "Original Six", + [ + "Part of a series on the History of the NHL National Hockey League Founding (1917 -- 1942) Original Six (1942 -- 1967) Expansion era (1967 -- 1992) Modern era (1992 -- present) Ice hockey portal" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__104762_24918_24991", + "question": "What went down after the Soviet president visiting the country of citizenship of Yasyn Khamid while the protests were taking place departed from the Kremlin?", + "answer": "Soviet flag", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + 0 + ], + [ + "Yasyn Khamid", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Roman (given name)", + [ + "Roman is a male first name. It has distant origins dating back to the Roman Empire and the Latin language. It comes from the Latin word ``romanus '', which means`` of Rome''. In this initial sense, the title ``Roman ''means`` a citizen of the Roman Empire'', a man of Roman (or Byzantine) culture, Latin or Greek. The name day festival for Roman may take place on different days depending on the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Iran", + [ + "Iran received access to the Internet in 1993. According to 2014 census, around 40% of the population of Iran are Internet users. Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users. According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa, Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search engines in Iran. Over 80% of the users of Telegram, a cloud-based instant messaging service, are from Iran. Instagram is the most popular online social networking service in Iran. Direct access to Facebook has been blocked in Iran since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, due to organization of the opposition movements on the website; but however, Facebook has around 12 to 17 million users in Iran who are using virtual private networks and proxy servers to access the website. Around 90% of Iran's e-commerce takes place on the Iranian online store of Digikala, which has around 750,000 visitors per day and more than 2.3 million subscribers. Digikala is the most visited online store in the Middle East, and ranks 4th among the most visited websites in Iran." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Moscow Kremlin towers", + [ + "The following is a list of towers of Moscow Kremlin. The Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin, recognizable by the characteristic notches and its towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin is flanked by 19 towers with a 20th, the Koutafia Tower, not part of its walls." + ] + ], + [ + "Yasyn Khamid", + [ + "Khamid is product of youth team systems of UFK Kharkiv. He spent 6 years played for FC Metalurh Donetsk Reserves and Youth Team and went on loan in the Ukrainian First League club FC Stal Alchevsk. He made his debut for FC Stal entering as a second-half substitute against FC Zirka Kirovohrad on 26 July 2014 in Ukrainian First League." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted \"Tito murderer\" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities." + ] + ], + [ + "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens", + [ + "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of New Zealand. As of 1 January 2017, New Zealand citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the New Zealand passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Irish and Japanese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index." + ] + ], + [ + "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", + [ + "Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-José Pérec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the \"smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets\", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were \"radicals\" who \"trampled human rights\" and whose activities were condemned by \"the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens", + [ + "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index." + ] + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + [ + "In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as \"the mastodon of stagnation.\" The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko." + ] + ], + [ + "Humanitarian civic assistance activities", + [ + "In the United States Department of Defense, Humanitarian Civic Assistance (HCA) is relief and development activities that take place in the context of an overseas military exercise, training or operation. Under the HCA program, U.S. military personnel participating in overseas deployments carry out humanitarian activities such as road and school construction, vaccination of children and animals, and well-digging. HCA programs are often executed with the involvement of host-country civilian and military personnel. U.S. National Guard or reserve units are involved in many HCA activities." + ] + ], + [ + "Josip Broz Tito", + [ + "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Race and ethnicity in the United States Census", + [ + "President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a \"good neighbor\" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness." + ] + ], + [ + "Yu Lihua", + [ + "Yu Lihua was born in Shanghai and went to university in Taiwan, taking history at National Taiwan University. Then she went to the United States to do a graduate degree in journalism at UCLA and then to teach Chinese literature in the Department of Comparative University at the State University of New York." + ] + ], + [ + "Dissolution of the Soviet Union", + [ + "On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role." + ] + ], + [ + "Kremlin, Wisconsin", + [ + "Kremlin is an unincorporated community located in the town of Pembine, Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. Kremlin is located on the Canadian National Railway southeast of Niagara." + ] + ], + [ + "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay", + [ + "Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a \"small demonstration\" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear." + ] + ], + [ + "Yasyn Khamid", + [ + "Yasyn Khamid (; born 10 January 1993 in Kharkiv, Ukraine) is a professional Ukrainian football striker of Egyptian descent who last played for Zira FK in the Azerbaijan Premier League." + ] + ], + [ + "Muhammad's first revelation", + [ + "Muhammad's first revelation was an event described in Islam as taking place in 610 AD, during which the Islamic prophet, Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an - Nour, near Mecca." + ] + ], + [ + "Velká pardubická", + [ + "Velká pardubická is a famous cross-country steeplechase run in Pardubice, Czech Republic since 1874. It takes place every year on the second Sunday in October." + ] + ], + [ + "Moscow Kremlin", + [ + "The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Моско́вский Кремль, tr. Moskovskiy Kreml, IPA: (mɐˈskofskjɪj krjemlj)), usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. It is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. Also within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace that was formerly the tsar's Moscow residence. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__179322_83289", + "question": "Who stars in the video \"One Last Time\" by the performer of Baby I?", + "answer": "Matt Bennett", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Baby I", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "...Baby One More Time (song)", + [ + "``... Baby One More Time ''is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears from her debut studio album of the same title (1999). It was written by Max Martin and produced by Martin and Rami. After recording and sending a demo tape with an unused song from Toni Braxton, Spears signed a multi-album deal with Jive.``... Baby One More Time'' is a pop song that refers to a girl's feelings after a break - up with her boyfriend." + ] + ], + [ + "Baby Got Back", + [ + "``Baby Got Back ''Single by Sir Mix - a-Lot from the album Mack Daddy B - side`` Cake Boy'' / ``You Ca n't Slip ''Released May 7, 1992 Format 7'' vinyl 12 ''vinyl cassette single CD single Recorded 1991 Genre Hip hop dirty rap bounce Length 4: 22 Label Def American Songwriter (s) Anthony Ray Producer (s) Rick Rubin Sir Mix - a-Lot Sir Mix - a-Lot singles chronology`` One Time's Got No Case'' (1991) ``Baby Got Back ''(1992)`` Swap Meet Louie'' (1992) ``One Time's Got No Case ''(1991)`` Baby Got Back'' (1992) ``Swap Meet Louie ''(1992)" + ] + ], + [ + "Eho Sta Matia Ourano", + [ + "Eho Sta Matia Ourano is an album by popular Greek artist Katy Garbi. It was released on 23 April 2005 by Sony BMG Greece and went Gold in Greece and Cyprus. Christos Dantis composed all the songs and also performs a duet in the song \"Spaciba Baby\". Katy Garbi promoted 3 of her songs on ANT1 show \"Fame Story 3\" before album's release. She performed the lead single \"Akouse Agori Mou\" on Mad Video Music Awards 2005 too. The track list contains laika and pop songs. \"Eho Sta Matia Ourano\" is Katy's last collaboration with her producer Giannis Doulamis, who was the producer of all her albums since her debut album \"Prova\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Reach Out (Four Tops album)", + [ + "Rounding out the LP are a pair of Monkees covers (\"Last Train to Clarksville\" and \"I'm a Believer\"), a cover of The Association's \"Cherish\", and the originals \"Wonderful Baby\" and \"What Else Is There to Do (But Think About You)\". \"Reach Out\" was followed one month later by a Four Tops' \"Greatest Hits\" album, which contained all of the group's hit singles to that point." + ] + ], + [ + "Dirty Dancing", + [ + "After Baby discovers that Johnny's dance partner, Penny Johnson (Cynthia Rhodes), is pregnant by Robbie Gould (Max Cantor), a womanizing waiter who is also dating and cheating on Baby's older sister, Lisa (Jane Brucker) and several other female guests, she borrows money from her father to pay for an illegal abortion for Penny. Jake agrees to give the money to Baby even though she says she ca n't tell him what it's for. Penny eventually accepts the money, but says there is another issue. Johnny and Penny perform a weekly dance at the Sheldrake, another nearby resort. Penny will miss her performance if she goes for the abortion, and they will forfeit their salary for the season. Billy suggests that Baby fill in for her. Johnny scoffs at this, which overcomes Baby's initial resistance. Billy and Penny insist that Johnny can teach anyone to dance. Johnny begins to teach Baby the mambo, and the two spend several awkward practice sessions together. Baby gradually begins to improve, and a romantic attraction grows between them." + ] + ], + [ + "Give It to Me Baby", + [ + "``Give It to Me Baby ''Single by Rick James from the album Street Songs B - side`` Do n't Give Up on Love'' Released February 20, 1981 Format 7 ''Genre Funk Length 4: 08 Label Gordy Songwriter (s) Rick James Producer (s) Rick James Rick James singles chronology ``Big Time'' (1980)`` Give It to Me Baby ''(1981) ``Super Freak'' (1981)`` Big Time ''(1980) ``Give It to Me Baby'' (1981)`` Super Freak ''(1981) Music video ``Give It To Me Baby'' on YouTube" + ] + ], + [ + "Luck Be a Lady", + [ + "``Luck Be a Lady ''is a song written by Frank Loesser in 1950 and first performed by Robert Alda. The song was featured in the musical Guys and Dolls." + ] + ], + [ + "...Baby One More Time (song)", + [ + "\"...Baby One More Time\" was released on October 23, 1998 through Jive Records. It reached number one in at least 18 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it earned double-platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and became the country's best-selling song of 1999. The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold. An accompanying music video, directed by Nigel Dick, portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school, who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school, while watching her love interest from afar. The music video was later referenced in the music video of \"If U Seek Amy\" (2009), where Spears's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair. In 2010, the music video for \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music, in a poll held by Jam!. In 2011, \"...Baby One More Time\" was voted by Billboard to be the best music video of the 1990s. It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums." + ] + ], + [ + "Baby, It's Cold Outside", + [ + "``Baby, It's Cold Outside ''is a song written by Frank Loesser in 1944. It is a call and response duet in which a host, usually performed by a male voice, tries to convince a guest, usually performed by a female voice, that she should stay the evening because the weather is cold and the trip home would be difficult." + ] + ], + [ + "William Harrison (physician)", + [ + "William Floyd Nathaniel Harrison (September 8, 1935 – September 24, 2010) was an American obstetrician who delivered 6,000 babies and then switched to abortions, performing the procedure an estimated 20,000 times in his career. He became one of the only doctors in Northwest Arkansas to provide this service to women, as other physicians stopped offering to perform abortions. His Fayetteville Women's Clinic was frequently picketed and blocked by pro-life protesters." + ] + ], + [ + "El Trilogy", + [ + "El Trilogy is the 17th album by trumpeter Dave Douglas. It was released on the BMG label in 2001 and features music commissioned to accompany performances by the Trisha Brown Dance Company performed by Douglas, Greg Cohen, Mark Feldman, Guy Klucevsek, Gregory Tardy and Susie Ibarra." + ] + ], + [ + "Sky Saxon", + [ + "In 2008, Saxon and the Seeds collaborated on some new songs and recordings with Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins. Saxon later appeared in the music video of the Smashing Pumpkins' song \"Superchrist\". Sky Saxon's last performance and recording was done in Austin, Texas." + ] + ], + [ + "Taming Strange", + [ + "\"Taming Strange\" is the fifth episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 242nd episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 30, 2013. This episode parodies Miley Cyrus' controversial performance at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards through the use of \"Yo Gabba Gabba!\", as well as the technical problems encountered during the launch of the HealthCare.gov website. The central focus of the plot revolves around Kyle trying to bond with his baby brother Ike, who is suddenly going through puberty." + ] + ], + [ + "Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)", + [ + "Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64, is his last large orchestral work. It forms an important part of the violin repertoire and is one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos in history. A typical performance lasts just under half an hour." + ] + ], + [ + "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)", + [ + "The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Gavin & Stacey episodes", + [ + "The show was produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Wales. It ran for a total of 20 episodes, broadcast from 13 May 2007 to 1 January 2010, comprising three series and two Christmas specials. Initially, the series was shown on (now digital - only since 2016) channel BBC Three, but a growing following meant that it was subsequently moved to BBC Two, and finally BBC One. The last episodes of the final series formed a significant part of the prime time BBC seasonal programming, and were broadcast on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Gavin & Stacey", + [ + "The show was produced by Baby Cow Productions for BBC Wales. It ran for a total of 20 episodes; these were broadcast from 13 May 2007 to 1 January 2010, comprising three series and two Christmas specials. Initially, the series was shown on BBC Three, but a growing following meant that it was subsequently moved to BBC Two, and finally BBC One. The last episodes of the final series formed a significant part of the prime time BBC seasonal programming, and were broadcast on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Baby, It's Cold Outside", + [ + "``Baby, It's Cold Outside ''is a song written by Frank Loesser in 1944. It is a call and response duet in which a host (usually performed by a male voice) attempts to convince a guest (usually performed by a female voice) that she should stay the evening because the weather is cold and the trip home would be difficult." + ] + ], + [ + "Baby I", + [ + "\"Baby I\" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her debut studio album \"Yours Truly\" (2013). It was written by Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Antonio Dixon and Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith and produced by the first two. The song was released by Republic Records on July 22, 2013, as the second single from the album. The song was initially written with the singer Beyoncé in mind, but she rejected it. \"Baby I\" is a pop and R&B song with drums, horns and a syncopated beat. It also contains an uptempo '90s-inspired beat. Lyrically, the song is about not being able to fully express your feelings towards someone you love. The song was well received by music critics who complimented the song's \"throwback\" sound while others praised Grande's vocals comparing to the singer Mariah Carey." + ] + ], + [ + "Hollywood Video", + [ + "Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last official one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__88342_49853_128008_54974", + "question": "What is the longest home run hit in the league where the team with the most titles from the event after which the MLB MVP is awarded plays?", + "answer": "about 575 feet", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "World Series", + 0 + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + 0 + ], + [ + "Home run", + 0 + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "World Series", + [ + "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters." + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Curtis Granderson", + [ + "Curtis Granderson Granderson with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2018 Toronto Blue Jays -- No. 18 Outfielder Born: (1981 - 03 - 16) March 16, 1981 (age 37) Blue Island, Illinois Bats: Left Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2004, for the Detroit Tigers MLB statistics (through July 7, 2018) Batting average. 252 Hits 1,711 Home runs 328 Runs batted in 893 Runs 1,145 Stolen bases 152 Teams Detroit Tigers (2004 -- 2009) New York Yankees (2010 -- 2013) New York Mets (2014 -- 2017) Los Angeles Dodgers (2017) Toronto Blue Jays (2018 -- present) Career highlights and awards 3 × All - Star (2009, 2011, 2012) Silver Slugger Award (2011) AL RBI leader (2011) Roberto Clemente Award (2016) 2 × Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award (2009, 2016)" + ] + ], + [ + "Buster Posey", + [ + "Buster Posey Posey in September 2013 at Petco Park San Francisco Giants -- No. 28 Catcher / First baseman Born: (1987 - 03 - 27) March 27, 1987 (age 30) Leesburg, Georgia Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 11, 2009, for the San Francisco Giants MLB statistics (through September 29, 2017) Batting average. 308 Hits 1,160 Home runs 128 Runs batted in 594 Teams San Francisco Giants (2009 -- present) Career highlights and awards 5 × All - Star (2012, 2013, 2015 -- 2017) 3 × World Series champion (2010, 2012, 2014) NL MVP (2012) NL Rookie of the Year (2010) 3 × Silver Slugger Award (2012, 2014, 2015) Gold Glove Award (2016) NL Hank Aaron Award (2012) NL Comeback Player of the Year (2012) NL batting champion (2012) Golden Spikes Award (2008) Dick Howser Trophy (2008) Medals (hide) Men's baseball Representing United States World Baseball Classic 2017 Los Angeles Team" + ] + ], + [ + "Billy Williams", + [ + "Billy Williams Williams in 2013 Left fielder Born: (1938 - 06 - 15) June 15, 1938 (age 80) Whistler, Alabama Batted: Left Threw: Right MLB debut August 6, 1959, for the Chicago Cubs Last MLB appearance October 2, 1976, for the Oakland Athletics MLB statistics Batting average. 290 Hits 2,711 Home runs 426 Runs batted in 1,475 Teams Chicago Cubs (1959 -- 1974) Oakland Athletics (1975 -- 1976) Career highlights and awards 6 × All - Star (19622, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1973) NL Rookie of the Year (1961) NL batting champion (1972) Chicago Cubs # 26 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction Vote 85.71% (sixth ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "Fernando Tatís", + [ + "Tatís had the best season of his career in 1999 with the St. Louis Cardinals. He hit 34 home runs with 107 RBIs and 21 stolen bases, with a. 298 batting average. On April 23, 1999, Tatís made baseball history when he hit two grand slams in one inning. As of 2017, he is still the only batter in MLB history to accomplish this. Tatís hit both of his grand slams against the pitcher Chan Ho Park of the Los Angeles Dodgers. With his home run feat, Tatís also set a Major League record with eight runs batted in during a single inning." + ] + ], + [ + "Little League Baseball", + [ + "1971: The aluminum baseball bat is first used. It was partly developed by Little League Baseball. Lloyd McClendon of Gary, Indiana, dominates the Little League World Series, hitting five home runs in five at - bats. He later played in the Major Leagues and become the first Little League graduate to manage an MLB club with the Pittsburgh Pirates." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball single-game grand slam leaders", + [ + "Every team which had a player hit two grand slams won their milestone games. These games have resulted in other single - game MLB records being set due to the extreme offensive performance. Lazzeri, for example, proceeded to hit a third home run in the game and finished with a total of eleven runs batted in, an American League record. Fernando Tatís became the only player to hit two grand slams in the same inning, when he attained the milestone, slugging two in the third inning for the St. Louis Cardinals on April 23, 1999. In achieving the feat, he also set a new major league record with eight runs batted in a single inning." + ] + ], + [ + "Home run", + [ + "Other legendary home run hitters include Jimmie Foxx, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle (who on September 10, 1960, mythically hit ``the longest home run ever ''at an estimated distance of 643 feet (196 m), although this was measured after the ball stopped rolling), Reggie Jackson, Harmon Killebrew, Ernie Banks, Mike Schmidt, Dave Kingman, Sammy Sosa (who hit 60 or more home runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history. The home run was measured at a distance of 582 feet (177 m) and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium. Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about 575 feet (175 m), by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double - deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry." + ] + ], + [ + "Hart Memorial Trophy", + [ + "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team." + ] + ], + [ + "Mike Trout", + [ + "Mike Trout Trout in 2018 Los Angeles Angels -- No. 27 Center fielder Born: (1991 - 08 - 07) August 7, 1991 (age 27) Vineland, New Jersey Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut July 8, 2011, for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim MLB statistics (through September 22, 2018) Batting average. 307 Hits 1,187 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 648 Stolen bases 189 Teams Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim / Los Angeles Angels (2011 -- present) Career highlights and awards 7 × All - Star (2012 -- 2018) 2 × AL MVP (2014, 2016) AL Rookie of the Year (2012) 5 × Silver Slugger Award (2012 -- 2016) AL Hank Aaron Award (2014) AL RBI leader (2014) AL stolen base leader (2012) 30 -- 30 club (2012) Hit for the cycle on May 21, 2013" + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + [ + "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in ." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball single-game home run leaders", + [ + "Writers of Sporting News described hitting four home runs in a single Major League Baseball (MLB) game as ``baseball's greatest single - game accomplishment ''. Eighteen players have accomplished the feat to date, the most recent being J.D. Martinez of the Arizona Diamondbacks on September 4, 2017 against the Los Angeles Dodgers. No player has done this more than once in his career and no player has ever hit more than four in a game. Bobby Lowe was the first to hit four home runs in a single game, doing so on May 30, 1894. Fans were reportedly so excited that they threw $160 in silver coins ($4,400 today) onto the field after his fourth home run." + ] + ], + [ + "John Wehner", + [ + "John Wehner Utility player Born: (1967 - 06 - 29) June 29, 1967 (age 50) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut July 17, 1991, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance July 27, 2001, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 249 Home runs Runs batted in 54 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1991 -- 1996) Florida Marlins (1997 -- 1998) Pittsburgh Pirates (1999 -- 2001) Career highlights and awards World Series Championship (1997) Hit the final home run and recorded the final out in Three Rivers Stadium MLB record 99 consecutive games without an error at 3rd base" + ] + ], + [ + "Brandon Phillips", + [ + "Brandon Phillips Phillips in 2011 Free agent Second baseman Born: (1981 - 06 - 28) June 28, 1981 (age 37) Raleigh, North Carolina Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 13, 2002, for the Cleveland Indians MLB statistics (through September 5, 2018) Batting average. 275 Hits 2,029 Home runs 211 Runs batted in 951 Stolen bases 209 Runs 1,004 Teams Cleveland Indians (2002 -- 2005) Cincinnati Reds (2006 -- 2016) Atlanta Braves (2017) Los Angeles Angels (2017) Boston Red Sox (2018) Career highlights and awards World Series champion (2018) 3 × All - Star (2010, 2011, 2013) 4 × Gold Glove Award (2008, 2010, 2011, 2013) Silver Slugger Award (2011) Fielding Bible Award (2008) 30 -- 30 club (2007)" + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "50 home run club", + [ + "In Major League Baseball (MLB), the 50 home run club is the group of batters who have hit 50 or more home runs in a single season. Babe Ruth was the first to achieve this, doing so in 1920. By reaching the milestone, he also became the first player to hit 30 and then 40 home runs in a single - season, breaking his own record of 29 from the 1919 season. Ruth subsequently became the first player to reach the 50 home run club on four occasions, repeating the achievement in 1921, 1927 and 1928. He remained the only player to accomplish this until Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa matched his feat in 1999 and 2001, respectively, thus becoming the only players to achieve four consecutive 50 home run seasons. Barry Bonds hit the most home runs to join the club, collecting 73 in 2001. The most recent player to reach the milestone is Giancarlo Stanton." + ] + ], + [ + "Barry Bonds", + [ + "Barry Bonds Bonds in 2006 Left fielder Born: (1964 - 07 - 24) July 24, 1964 (age 53) Riverside, California Batted: Left Threw: Left MLB debut May 30, 1986, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance September 26, 2007, for the San Francisco Giants MLB statistics Batting average. 298 Home runs 762 Hits 2,935 Runs batted in 1,996 Stolen bases 514 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1986 -- 1992) San Francisco Giants (1993 -- 2007) Career highlights and awards 14 × All - Star (1990, 1992 -- 1998, 2000 -- 2004, 2007) 7 × NL MVP (1990, 1992, 1993, 2001 -- 2004) 8 × Gold Glove Award (1990 -- 1994, 1996 -- 1998) 12 × Silver Slugger Award (1990 -- 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000 -- 2004) 3 × NL Hank Aaron Award (2001, 2002, 2004) 2 × NL batting champion (2002, 2004) 2 × NL home run leader (1993, 2001) NL RBI leader (1993) MLB records 762 career home runs 73 home runs in a season 2,558 career walks 688 career intentional walks" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__76623_90098_10557", + "question": "What was the version of the language the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the individual crowned Emperor of the West in 800 CE, later called?", + "answer": "Medieval Latin", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Middle Ages", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sylvester", + 0 + ], + [ + "Charlemagne", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Geluwe", + [ + "Geluwe (Hilwe in West Flemish) is a town in the West Flemish province of Belgium. It is contained within the municipality of Wervik. The town is known for the \"yawning festival\" (Dutch: gapersfeesten). The name Geluwe comes from the word gilwe, old West Flemish for yellow, because the soil is more yellow than the rest of the region." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Roman Emperor", + [ + "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor" + ] + ], + [ + "Liu Ju", + [ + "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin." + ] + ], + [ + "Kōkoku", + [ + "Kōkoku (興国) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Engen and before Shōhei, lasting from April 1340 to December 1346. The emperor in Kyoto was . Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was ." + ] + ], + [ + "Consort Yujiulü", + [ + "Consort Yujiulü (郁久閭椒房, personal name unknown) (died 452), formally Empress Gong (恭皇后, literally \"the respectful empress\"), was a consort of Tuoba Huang (Crown Prince Jingmu), a crown prince of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the mother of Emperor Wencheng." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Hawaii", + [ + "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers found and began settling the area. This began the rise of the Hawaiian civilization. It remained isolated from the rest of the world for another 500 years." + ] + ], + [ + "Emperor Fei of Jin", + [ + "Emperor Fei of Jin (; 342 – November 23, 386), personal name Sima Yi (司馬奕), courtesy name Yanling (延齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. He was the younger brother (from the same mother) of Emperor Ai and later deposed by military leader Huan Wen. The title that he is normally referred to, \"Emperor Fei\", is not a posthumous name as is usually the case with imperial common titles, but rather signified that he was deposed (with \"Fei\" (廢) meaning \"depose\"). He is also commonly known by the title he was given after his removal, Duke of Haixi (海西公)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gaius Julius Priscus", + [ + "Priscus was born in the Roman province of Syria, possibly in Damascus, son of a Julius Marinus a local Roman citizen, possibly of some importance. The name of his mother is unknown, but his brother was Marcus Julius Philippus, later the Roman Emperor known as \"Philip the Arab\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Wang Shen'ai", + [ + "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress." + ] + ], + [ + "Sylvester", + [ + "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period." + ] + ], + [ + "Shaka era", + [ + "The beginning of the Shaka era is now widely equated to the ascension of king Chashtana in 78 CE. His inscriptions, dated to the years 11 and 52, have been found at Andhau in Kutch region. These years are interpreted as Shaka years 11 (89 CE) and 52 (130 CE)." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlemagne", + [ + "Charlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognized emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later invalidly canonized by the antipope Paschal III." + ] + ], + [ + "Hokkien", + [ + "The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589 CE); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is based on the prestige dialect of Chang'an (modern day Xi'an), its capital." + ] + ], + [ + "Judea (Roman province)", + [ + "Provincia Ivdaea Province of the Roman Empire ← 6 CE -- 135 CE → Capital Caesarea Maritima 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Coordinates: 32 ° 30 ′ N 34 ° 54 ′ E  /  32.500 ° N 34.900 ° E  / 32.500; 34.900 Prefects before 41, Procurators after 44 6 -- 9 CE Coponius 26 -- 36 CE Pontius Pilate 64 -- 66 CE Gessius Florus 117 CE Lusius Quietus 130 -- 132 CE Tineius Rufus King of the Jews 41 -- 44 Agrippa I 48 -- 93 / 100 Agrippa II Legislature Synedrion / Sanhedrin Historical era Roman Principate Census of Quirinius 6 CE Crisis under Caligula 37 -- 41 CE Incorporation of Galilee and Peraea 44 CE Destruction of the Second Temple August 4, 70 CE Governor of praetorian rank & given the 10th Legion c. 74 CE Bar Kokhba revolt 132 -- 135 CE 135 CE Today part of Israel Jordan West Bank Before August 4, 70 is referred to as Second Temple Judaism, from which the Tannaim and Early Christianity emerged." + ] + ], + [ + "Harsha", + [ + "Harsha (c. 590–647 CE), also known as Harshavardhana, was an Indian emperor who ruled North India from 606 to 647 CE. He was a member of the Vardhana dynasty; and was the son of Prabhakarvardhana who defeated the Alchon Huna invaders, and the younger brother of Rajyavardhana, a king of Thanesar, present-day Haryana. At the height of Harsha's power, his Empire covered much of North and Northwestern India, extended East till Kamarupa, and South until Narmada River; and eventually made Kannauj (in present Uttar Pradesh state) his capital, and ruled till 647 CE. Harsha was halted by the south Indian Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty, when Harsha tried to expand his Empire into the southern peninsula of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Sadnalegs", + [ + "Sadnalegs () or Tridé Songtsen (), was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet (reigned 800–815 CE – though various accounts give the beginning of his reign as 797 or 804 CE)." + ] + ], + [ + "Chen Yuan (prince)", + [ + "Chen Yuan was the fourth son of Chen Shubao, and the oldest son of Chen Shubao's favorite concubine Consort Zhang Lihua. His exact birth year is not known. At the time of Chen Yuan's birth, Chen Shubao was crown prince under Chen Yuan's grandfather Emperor Xuan. On her account, Chen Shubao also greatly favored Chen Yuan, but at the order of Emperor Xuan, Chen Yuan's older brother Chen Yin, Chen Shubao's oldest son, was designated heir. (Chen Yin was also not born of Chen Shubao's wife Crown Princess Shen Wuhua, but Crown Princess Shen raised him after Chen Yin's mother Consort Sun died in childbirth in 573)." + ] + ], + [ + "Holy Roman Empire", + [ + "In 768 Pepin's son Charlemagne became King of the Franks and began an extensive expansion of the realm. He eventually incorporated the territories of present - day France, Germany, northern Italy, and beyond, linking the Frankish kingdom with Papal lands. On Christmas Day of 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor, restoring the title in the West for the first time in over three centuries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__648648_173389", + "question": "The city which contains Broadhurst Park shares a border with what town?", + "answer": "Middleton", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Greengate, Greater Manchester", + 0 + ], + [ + "Broadhurst Park", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Adaba (woreda)", + [ + "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Włodawa", + [ + "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake James State Park", + [ + "Lake James State Park is a North Carolina state park in Burke and McDowell Counties, North Carolina in the United States. Located near Nebo, North Carolina, it covers and borders Lake James." + ] + ], + [ + "Greengate, Greater Manchester", + [ + "It is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Notogawa, Shiga", + [ + "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest." + ] + ], + [ + "Ahuntsic Park", + [ + "Ahuntsic Park () is an urban park in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville, and is bordered by Henri Bourassa Boulevard to the north, Saint Hubert Street to the east, Lajeunesse Street to the west and Fleury Street to the south. It is located next to Terminus Henri-Bourassa." + ] + ], + [ + "Thirukkanur", + [ + "Thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of Puducherry, India. It one of 16 villages located in Mannadipet commune panchayat of the Villianur taluk. It is bordered by the state of Tamil Nadu both to the east and west." + ] + ], + [ + "Seven Hills, Queensland", + [ + "Seven Hills is a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is located east of the CBD, and borders Camp Hill, Carina, Morningside, and Norman Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Broadhurst Park", + [ + "Broadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of the United States", + [ + "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Murray-Sunset National Park", + [ + "The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The national park is situated approximately northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed on . It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Bosworth", + [ + "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway." + ] + ], + [ + "Northwest Territories", + [ + "Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft)." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Coloane Park", + [ + "Coloane Park is a large park located on the southern section of Coloane Island in the former Portuguese colony of Macau, now a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__156702_51769", + "question": "What is the life expectancy of the type of retriever named after the body of water the Patuxent River turns into?", + "answer": "average lifespan at 9.4 years", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Patuxent River", + 0 + ], + [ + "Chesapeake Bay Retriever", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Columbia River", + [ + "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth-largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific." + ] + ], + [ + "2011 Assiniboine River flood", + [ + "The 2011 Assiniboine River flood was caused by above average precipitation in Western Manitoba and Saskatchewan. This was a 1 in 300 year flood that affected much of Western Manitoba. The flooding in Manitoba was expected to mostly involve the 2011 Red River Flood but instead the more severe flooding was found on the Assiniboine in the west." + ] + ], + [ + "Metsimotlhabe River", + [ + "The Metsimotlhabe River is the largest river in the Kweneng District of Botswana, draining the area that lies to the south of Molepolole into the Notwane River, in turn a tributary of the Limpopo River." + ] + ], + [ + "Utva River (Perm Krai)", + [ + "Utva () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana River, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama River. The river is long, and its drainage basin covers . The source of the river is in the extreme southwest of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai, near the border with Kirov Oblast and the Komi Republic. The main tributaries are the Chugrum River (right) and the Yuzhnaya Anva River (left)." + ] + ], + [ + "Camaipi River do Vila Nova River", + [ + "Camaipi River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River system." + ] + ], + [ + "Patuxent River", + [ + "The Patuxent River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland. There are three main river drainages for central Maryland: the Potomac River to the west passing through Washington, D.C., the Patapsco River to the northeast passing through Baltimore, and the Patuxent River between the two. The Patuxent watershed had a rapidly growing population of 590,769 in 2000. It is the largest and longest river entirely within Maryland, and its watershed is the largest completely within the state." + ] + ], + [ + "Bolshaya Lyampa", + [ + "Bolshaya Lyampa () is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of Uls River which in turn is a tributary of Vishera River. The river is long. Its source is near the border with Sverdlovsk Oblast. It flows into the Uls River from the larger river's mouth. The Bolshaya Lyampa's main tributary is the Malaya Lyampa River." + ] + ], + [ + "Golden Retriever", + [ + "The Golden Retriever was originally bred in Scotland in the mid-19th century. At that time, wildfowl hunting was a popular sport for the wealthy Scottish elite, but the existing retriever breeds were inadequate for retrieving downed game from both water and land. Retrieving from both land and water was necessary because the hunting grounds of the time were pocketed with marshy ponds and rivers. Consequently, the best water spaniels were crossed with the existing retrievers, resulting in the establishment of the breed today known as the Golden Retriever. The Golden Retriever was first developed near Glen Affric in Scotland, at ``Guisachan '', the highland estate of Dudley Marjoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth. For many years, what breeds were originally crossed was disputed, but in 1952, the publication of Marjoribanks' breeding records from 1835 to 1890 dispelled the myth concerning the purchase of a whole troupe of Russian tracker sheepdogs from a visiting circus; instead it details a careful line - breeding program. Commonly, the breed is said to have originated from the Russian tracker." + ] + ], + [ + "Kunwak River", + [ + "The Kunwak River is a river of Nunavut, Canada. It flows northeast out of Tulemalu Lake and enters Tebesjuak Lake, Mallery Lake and Princess Mary Lake before turning southeast and flowing into Thirty Mile Lake on the Kazan River." + ] + ], + [ + "Botanie Valley", + [ + "Botanie Valley is in British Columbia's southern interior near Lytton. It is a traditional food source for the Nlaka'pamux people. The name itself means \"covering\" possibly referring to the abundant plant life covering the area. Botanie Creek enters the Thompson River a few kilometres upstream of its confluence with the Fraser River, making Botanie the Thompson River's last tributary." + ] + ], + [ + "VX-6", + [ + "Air Development Squadron Six (VX-6 or AIRDEVRON SIX, commonly referred to by its nickname, \"puckered penguins\") was a United States Navy Air Development Squadron based at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Established at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland on 17 January 1955, the squadron's mission was to conduct operations in support of Operation Deep Freeze, the operational component of the United States Antarctic Program." + ] + ], + [ + "Columbia River", + [ + "The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven US states and a Canadian province. The fourth - largest river in the United States by volume, the Columbia has the greatest flow of any North American river entering the Pacific." + ] + ], + [ + "Piaçaca River", + [ + "Piaçaca River is a river of Amapá state in Brazil. It is a tributary of the Vila Nova River which in turn is part of the Amazon River basin." + ] + ], + [ + "Mangalam River", + [ + "Mangalam River is the main tributary of the river Gayathripuzha, which in turn is a tributary of Bharathapuzha, the second longest river in Kerala, India. It is around 30 km long in length, with its source from Nelliyampathi forests, and passing through Vadakkencherry, Kannambra, Puthucode, Padur, etc. and joining Gayathripuzha at Plazhi in the border of Thrissur and Palakkad districts." + ] + ], + [ + "Pawnee River", + [ + "The Pawnee River is a river in southwestern Kansas in the United States, about long. It is a tributary of the Arkansas River, which in turn is a branch of the Mississippi River." + ] + ], + [ + "Indian River (New Hampshire)", + [ + "The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound." + ] + ], + [ + "Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi", + [ + "Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi (\"The peasants on the banks of river Balan and Pallavi\") is a short story collection, written by Dr Binod Bihari Verma, on the village life of Mithila on the banks of the Kosi River and its tributaries." + ] + ], + [ + "Indian River Charter High School", + [ + "Founded in 1998, Indian River Charter High School enrolls 750 students in grades 9 through 12. Located next door to Indian River State College’s Mueller Campus, students are encouraged to participate in dual enrollment. IRCHS has regularly rated an “A” or “B” school by Florida’s School Rating System and has been the highest rated high school in Indian River County for the past ten years. Students shoulder a great deal of responsibility within the school environment, from the open campus, to Homebase expectations, and participation in community projects such as cultural events, government meetings, and volunteer activities. Each student is expected to follow a seven point behavior contract in order to remain a student at IRCHS. All students, staff and board members are required to submit to random drug testing in order to remain in the school." + ] + ], + [ + "Ngunguru River", + [ + "The Ngunguru River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It initially flows southwest before turning east to flow into a long, wide estuary which empties into Ngunguru Bay to the northwest of Whangarei. The town of Ngunguru sits on the estuary's north bank at its opening to the bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Chesapeake Bay Retriever", + [ + "A UK Kennel Club survey puts the median lifespan of the breed at 10.75 years (average 9.85). A US breed club survey puts the average lifespan at 9.4 years. 1 in 4 lived to 13 years or more while 1 in 5 do n't live past 5 years." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__846415_88165", + "question": "Who did Jokshan's father marry after the death of Sarah?", + "answer": "Keturah", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Keturah", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jokshan", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ellen Hamlin", + [ + "Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder." + ] + ], + [ + "Beginners", + [ + "Beginners is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Mike Mills. It tells the story of Oliver, a man reflecting on the life and death of his father, Hal, while trying to forge a new romantic relationship with a woman, Anna, dealing with father issues of her own. The film is based on the true-life coming out of Mills' father at the age of 75, five years before his death." + ] + ], + [ + "Fairly Legal", + [ + "\"Fairly Legal\" stars Sarah Shahi as Kate Reed, a young woman who changes her profession from lawyer to mediator and works at the San Francisco law firm her father started. As the series opens, Kate's father has just died, leaving his young widow Lauren in charge as Kate and the firm adjust to the loss." + ] + ], + [ + "Adelaide of Hungary", + [ + "Adelaide of Hungary ( – 27 January 1062) was the only daughter of King Andrew I of Hungary of the Árpád dynasty and Anastasia of Kiev. She was the second wife of Vratislav II of Bohemia, whom she married in 1058. She was a good dynastic match for Vratislav, as he profited from the alliance with her father. They had four children, including Bretislaus II of Bohemia and Judith of Bohemia. Vratislav became duke in 1061 after death of his brother, thus Adelaide was duchess for only a short time before her death early in 1062." + ] + ], + [ + "Archidamus II", + [ + "Archidamus II () was a Eurypontid king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC. His father was Zeuxidamus (called Cyniscos by many Spartans). Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archidamus. However, Zeuxidamus died before his father, Leotychidas." + ] + ], + [ + "Alexis Caswell Angell", + [ + "Angell was the son of James Burrill Angell and Sarah Swope Caswell, and was named for his maternal grandfather, Alexis Caswell, later President of Brown University. Angell was 14 when his family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when his father was appointed President of the University of Michigan. In 1880, he married Fanny Cary Cooley, daughter of Law Professor Thomas McIntyre Cooley." + ] + ], + [ + "A Rose for Emily", + [ + "The story opens with a brief first - person account of the funeral of Emily Grierson, an elderly Southern woman whose funeral is the obligation of their small town. It then proceeds in a non-linear fashion to the narrator's recollections of Emily's archaic and increasingly strange behavior throughout the years. Emily is a member of a family of the antebellum Southern aristocracy. After the Civil War, the family falls into hard times. She and her father, the last two of the clan, continue to live as if in the past; Emily's father refuses for her to marry. Her father dies when Emily is about the age of 30, which takes her by surprise. She refuses to give up his corpse, and the townspeople write it off as her grieving process. The townspeople pity Emily not only after her father's death, but also during his life when he would n't let Emily marry." + ] + ], + [ + "Hamma Hammami", + [ + "Hamma Hammami was born on 8 January 1952 in El Aroussa, Tunisia. He is married to the human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui. Together they have three daughters, Nadia, Oussaïma and Sarah." + ] + ], + [ + "Keturah", + [ + "Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה ‎, Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons." + ] + ], + [ + "Inside (2007 film)", + [ + "A baby in utero is seen, with the mother's voice heard soothing it. The baby recoils as if struck. Expectant mother Sarah has been in a car accident, and her husband has been killed. Months later on Christmas Eve, Sarah is making final preparations for her delivery the following day. Still reeling from her husband's death, Sarah is now moody and depressed." + ] + ], + [ + "Sarah Stewart (author)", + [ + "Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan." + ] + ], + [ + "Alessandro Campeggio", + [ + "Alessandro Campeggio was born in Bologna on 12 April 1504, the son of Lorenzo Campeggio and Francesca Guastavillani. His father was married and had five children, but after the death of Francesca, he entered the ecclesiastical estate and himself became a cardinal. Educated at home, Alessandro Campeggio studied Italian letters, Latin, Ancient Greek, philosophy, and Christian theology." + ] + ], + [ + "Lilian Turner", + [ + "Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney." + ] + ], + [ + "John Paxton", + [ + "John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox." + ] + ], + [ + "Sir William Maule", + [ + "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcidice", + [ + "Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeanne de Béthune, Viscountess of Meaux", + [ + "Jeanne de Béthune, Viscountess of Meaux, Countess of Ligny (c.1397- late 1450), was a French noblewoman, the suo jure Viscountess of Meaux, having inherited the title upon her father's death in 1408. Her father was Robert VIII de Béthune, Viscount of Meaux. Jeanne married twice; firstly to Robert of Bar, and secondly John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny who held Joan of Arc prisoner following her capture by the Burgundians in May 1430. Jeanne was one of the three women who cared for Joan during her imprisonment." + ] + ], + [ + "Jokshan", + [ + "Josephus records that \"Abraham contrived to settle them in colonies; and they took possession of Troglodytis and the country of Arabia Felix, as far as it reaches to the Red Sea.\" Abraham in all probability, tried to keep them apart from Isaac to avoid conflict while fulfilling God's commission to spread out and inhabit the globe." + ] + ], + [ + "Stig Olin", + [ + "He was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin. He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck." + ] + ], + [ + "Louis, Duke of Burgundy", + [ + "Louis, Duke of Burgundy and later Dauphin of France (16 August 1682 – 18 February 1712) was the eldest son of Louis, Grand Dauphin, and father of Louis XV, and briefly heir-apparent to the throne from his father's death in April 1711 to his own death 10 months later. Until he became the official Dauphin of France upon his father's death in 1711, he was known as Le Petit Dauphin to distinguish him from his father, who was known as \"le Grand Dauphin\". His legitimate male progeny died out in 1883." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__9223_9237", + "question": "When did the first mosque open in the place where Tobolar Copra plant is located?", + "answer": "September 2012", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Marshall Islands", + 0 + ], + [ + "Marshall Islands", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Janesville Assembly Plant", + [ + "Janesville Assembly Plant is a former automobile factory owned by General Motors located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Opened in 1919, it was the oldest operating GM plant when it was largely idled in December 2008, and ceased all remaining production on April 23, 2009. The demolition of the plant began in April 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking", + [ + "The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London. It is a Grade I listed building." + ] + ], + [ + "Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta", + [ + "Istiqlal Mosque () in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the third largest Sunni mosque in term of capacity. This national mosque of Indonesia was built to commemorate Indonesian independence and named \"Istiqlal\", an Arabic word for \"independence\". The mosque was opened to the public 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral." + ] + ], + [ + "Raja Alang Mosque", + [ + "Raja Alang Mosque is a historical mosque in Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in Beranang, near the Selangor-Negeri Sembilan border. It was named after Raja Alang, who was the son of Tengku Panglima Besar Selangor who ruled Kajang during Almarhum Sultan Sir Abdul Samad's reign. He was from Sumatra, Indonesia." + ] + ], + [ + "Chai Wan Mosque", + [ + "The Chai Wan Mosque () or Cape Collinson Mosque is a mosque in Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China. It is the fifth mosque built in Hong Kong." + ] + ], + [ + "Lal Masjid, Islamabad", + [ + "The Red Mosque located on Masjid (mosque) Road is one of the oldest mosques within the capital. Before the construction of Faisal Mosque, the largest in the capital as well as the country, it was in the Red Mosque that presidents and other high public dignitaries came to offer ceremonial prayers .Located at a very centralized position, it lies in close proximity to the two busiest commercial centres of the city, Aabparah market in the east and Melody market in the north. It was built in 1965 and is named for its red walls and interiors. According to Capital Development Authority (CDA) records, the Lal Masjid is one of the oldest Mosques in Islamabad. Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was appointed its first imam. Abdullah was critical of all governments except Zia's with whom he was very close. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq had very close relationship with Maulana Muhammad Abdullah, the former head of the mosque. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), the Red Mosque played a major role in recruiting and training mujahideen to fight with Alongside Afghan mujahideen. Throughout its existence, it has enjoyed patronage from influential members of the government, prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents. Several thousand male and female students live in adjacent seminaries.After Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was assassinated in 1998, his sons Abdul Aziz and Abdul Rashid took over the mosque, Abdul Aziz remains the official khateeb (sermon giver) of the Mosque." + ] + ], + [ + "Al-Masjid an-Nabawi", + [ + "The site was originally adjacent to Muhammad's house; he settled there after his migration from Mecca to Medina in 622. He shared in the heavy work of construction. The original mosque was an open-air building. The mosque served as a community center, a court, and a religious school. There was a raised platform for the people who taught the Quran. Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated it. In 1909, it became the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to be provided with electrical lights. The mosque is under the control of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The mosque is located in what was traditionally the center of Medina, with many hotels and old markets nearby. It is a major pilgrimage site. Many pilgrims who perform the Hajj go on to Medina to visit the mosque, due to its connection to Muhammad." + ] + ], + [ + "Al-Serkal Mosque", + [ + "The Al-Serkal Mosque is the main mosque in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It was a gift from Al Serkal Family, United Arab Emirates and opened in 1968. It is situated north of the town, near the Boeung Kak lake, which is now dry." + ] + ], + [ + "Molecular Plant Pathology", + [ + "Molecular Plant Pathology is a bimonthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category \"Plant Sciences\". The journal became open access in January 2019." + ] + ], + [ + "Bibi Ka Maqbara", + [ + "The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English: ``Tomb of the Lady '') is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother (posthumously known as Rabia - ud - Daurani). It bears a striking resemblance to the famous Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of wife of Shah Jahan. He had built the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore one of the largest Mosques in the world and the largest one at that time, as well as the small, but elegant, Pearl Mosque at Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Sultan Ahmed Mosque", + [ + "The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site." + ] + ], + [ + "Botnur power plant", + [ + "Botnur power plant () is a hydroelectric power station supplying the Faroe Islands island of Suðuroy with electricity. It is located to the north of Vágur. Botnur was the first hydroelectric plant built in the Faroes." + ] + ], + [ + "Jama Masjid, Kanchipuram", + [ + "Jama Masjid is a mosque in the town of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, India. It was constructed by more than three hundred years ago by the nawabs of the Carnatic. One of the 108 \"shivalingas\" in the town are located inside the mosque." + ] + ], + [ + "Islam in Australia", + [ + "The first mosque in Australia was built in 1861 at Marree, South Australia. The Great Mosque of Adelaide was built in 1888 by the descendants of the Afghan cameleers." + ] + ], + [ + "Al-Salam Mosque, Odessa", + [ + "The Al-Salam Mosque and Arabian Cultural Center are located in Odessa, Ukraine. The cultural center and mosque were opened in June 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque", + [ + "The Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque or the Floating Mosque is the first real floating mosque in Malaysia. It is situated in Kuala Ibai Lagoon near the estuary of Kuala Ibai River, 4 km from Kuala Terengganu Town. Construction began in 1993 and finished in 1995. The mosque was officially opened in July 1995 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, the late Sultan of Terengganu. The mosque combines modern and Moorish architecture; incorporating the use of marble, ceramics, mosaic works and bomanite paving. The white structure of the mosque covers an area of roughly 5 acres and can accommodate up to 2000 attendees at a time." + ] + ], + [ + "Masjid Haji Yusoff", + [ + "The Haji Yusoff Mosque () is a mosque located in Hillside Drive, off Upper Serangoon Road, Singapore. It is a Wakaf type of mosque." + ] + ], + [ + "Marshall Islands", + [ + "On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use." + ] + ], + [ + "Marshall Islands", + [ + "Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Central Mosque Wembley", + [ + "The Central Mosque Wembley (also known as Central Wembley Mosque and Wembley Central Mosque) is situated in the inner London Borough of Brent. The main mosque in North West London, it is located on Ealing Road and serves the UK’s fifth largest Muslim community, which is predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Along with the adjacent \"Muslim Welfare Association\", it has a capacity of up to 2200 people." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__53433_59035", + "question": "The beautiful country used as a backdrop for the movie The Lord of the Rings was founded on what date?", + "answer": "6 February 1840", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", + 0 + ], + [ + "History of New Zealand", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", + [ + "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema." + ] + ], + [ + "One Ring", + [ + "The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle - earth. In disguise as Annatar, or ``Lord of Gifts '', he aided the Elven smiths of Eregion and their leader Celebrimbor in the making of the Rings of Power. He then forged the One Ring himself in the fires of Mount Doom." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", + [ + "Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lord of the Rings", + [ + "The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J.R.R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best - selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", + [ + "The Lord of the Rings The poster for the series is a montage that features a range of characters and scenes from all three films Directed by Peter Jackson Produced by Peter Jackson Barrie M. Osborne Fran Walsh Tim Sanders Screenplay by Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Stephen Sinclair (The Two Towers) Based on The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Starring Elijah Wood Ian McKellen Liv Tyler Viggo Mortensen Sean Astin Cate Blanchett John Rhys - Davies Bernard Hill Billy Boyd Dominic Monaghan Orlando Bloom Christopher Lee Hugo Weaving Miranda Otto David Wenham Brad Dourif Karl Urban John Noble Sean Bean Ian Holm Andy Serkis (See below) Music by Howard Shore Cinematography Andrew Lesnie Edited by John Gilbert (The Fellowship of the Ring) Michael J. Horton Jabez Olssen (The Two Towers) Jamie Selkirk (The Return of the King) Production company WingNut Films The Saul Zaentz Company Distributed by New Line Cinema Release date 19 December 2001 (2001 - 12 - 19) (The Fellowship of the Ring) 18 December 2002 (2002 - 12 - 18) (The Two Towers) 17 December 2003 (2003 - 12 - 17) (The Return of the King) Running time 558 minutes (theatrical edition length) Country New Zealand United States Language English Budget $281,000,000 Box office $2,917,506,956" + ] + ], + [ + "Aragorn", + [ + "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)" + ] + ], + [ + "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series", + [ + "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used." + ] + ], + [ + "Ian Holm", + [ + "Holm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the stressed but gentle priest Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element and the tormented plaintiff's lawyer in The Sweet Hereafter. In 2001 he starred in From Hell as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He reappeared in the trilogy in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies." + ] + ], + [ + "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series", + [ + "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of recurring musical themes used." + ] + ], + [ + "Treebeard", + [ + "In Peter Jackson's films The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), Treebeard is a combination of a large animatronic model and a CGI construct; his voice is performed by John Rhys - Davies, who also portrays Gimli. In The Two Towers, Merry and Pippin run into the Fangorn Forest in an attempt to escape a band of Uruk - hai and orcs that kidnapped them. There, they are pursued by one orc. Treebeard awakens, crushes the orc, and takes Merry and Pippin to the ``White Wizard ''(later revealed to be a revived Gandalf) to see if they were`` little orcs'' or not. Assured that they are not orcs, Treebeard keeps the hobbits with him for safety. The Ents at the Entmoot decline Merry and Pippin's request for help. Treebeard is carrying the Hobbits through Fangorn Forest when Pippin gets an idea: he asks Treebeard to carry them toward Isengard, because that is the ``last place ''Saruman would look for them. When Treebeard gets close to the forest's edge, he sees the devastation wrought by Saruman's Orcs. The trees have all been hacked down to serve as fuel for Saruman's war machines. In anger, Treebeard summons the other Ents, who emerge from the forest. They attack Isengard and flood it. Treebeard, in addition, sends the Huorns to attack Saruman's Orcs as they retreated from Helm's Deep. In a deleted scene, Treebeard mentions to the hobbits about the Entwives and how they literally were lost. He also rescues them from a tree that holds them captive (similar to a scene in the novel of The Fellowship of the Ring, with Tom Bombadil)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lord of the Rings", + [ + "In 1957, The Lord of the Rings was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 ``Big Read ''survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, The Lord of the Rings was found to be the`` Nation's best - loved book''. In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite ``book of the millennium ''. The Lord of the Rings was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "History of New Zealand", + [ + "On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed." + ] + ], + [ + "One Ring", + [ + "The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win domination over Middle - earth. The Lord of the Rings concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from fulfilling his design." + ] + ], + [ + "Sarah McLeod", + [ + "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String", + [ + "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien." + ] + ], + [ + "Aragorn", + [ + "Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger of the North, first introduced with the name Strider at Bree, as the Hobbits continued to call him throughout \"The Lord of the Rings\". He was eventually revealed to be the heir of Isildur and rightful claimant to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor. He was also a confidant of Gandalf and an integral part of the quest to destroy the One Ring and defeat the Dark Lord Sauron." + ] + ], + [ + "Elijah Wood", + [ + "Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He is best known for his high - profile leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 03)." + ] + ], + [ + "Déagol", + [ + "Déagol is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. His story is related in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\", the first of three volumes comprising Tolkien's most famous novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\", in the chapter \"The Shadow of the Past\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Ricochet Lost Worlds", + [ + "Ricochet Lost Worlds was developed by Reflexive Entertainment and is the sequel to \"Ricochet Xtreme\". It features several new bricks, power-ups and background art. It also has the new \"ring\" feature, where you try to collect all the rings on each level. If you collect all five rings on every level, you become \"Ring Master\" and get the trophy at the end of the game. It is possible to beat the game without getting every ring, but it is less challenging." + ] + ], + [ + "Galadriel", + [ + "In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit prequel trilogy, Galadriel is played by Cate Blanchett. In the movies, other than possessing the Ring Nenya, Galadriel displays an ability to communicate with others telepathically and to assume a radiant and terrifying appearance." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__131275_72870", + "question": "Who did the state where Christian Science Pleasant View Home was located vote for in 2016?", + "answer": "Hillary Clinton", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Christian Science Pleasant View Home", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2016 United States presidential election in Colorado", + [ + "United States presidential election in Colorado, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → Turnout 72.9% Nominee Hillary Clinton Donald Trump Gary Johnson Party Democratic Republican Libertarian Home state New York New York New Mexico Running mate Tim Kaine Mike Pence William Weld Electoral vote 9 0 0 Popular vote 1,338,870 1,202,484 144,121 Percentage 48.2% 43.3% 5.2% County Results Clinton 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% Trump 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% 80 - 90% Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican" + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China." + ] + ], + [ + "Pleasant Hill, Nevada County, Arkansas", + [ + "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is located on Arkansas Highway 19, north-northwest of Prescott." + ] + ], + [ + "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View, Pennsylvania", + [ + "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View was a census-designated place (CDP) in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,355 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was split into two CDPs, North Vandergrift and Pleasant View." + ] + ], + [ + "Jerry and Pleasant View, North Carolina", + [ + "Jerry and Pleasant View are two adjacent unincorporated communities in Tyrrell County, North Carolina, United States; Jerry lies southeast of Pleasant View. Both communities lie at an elevation of 3 feet (1 m). Jerry is located at (35.8821078, -76.2268719), while Pleasant View is located at (35.8893301, -76.2327058)." + ] + ], + [ + "Pleasant Hill, Saline County, Arkansas", + [ + "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is north of Benton. The Pleasant Hill Methodist Church, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Pleasant Hill. Pleasant Hill was established before the Civil War as an agricultural community. The church has historically served as a community center and hosts a community reunion on the third Sunday of July each year." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire", + [ + "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote." + ] + ], + [ + "Mountain View, Colorado", + [ + "The Town of Mountain View is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Mountain View is situated west of, and adjacent to, the city and county of Denver. As of the 2010 census, the population of Mountain View was 507. The Denver Post Office (ZIP Code 80212) serves Mountain View." + ] + ], + [ + "Christian Science Pleasant View Home", + [ + "The Christian Science Pleasant View Home is a historic senior citizen residential facility located at 227 Pleasant Street in Concord, New Hampshire, in the United States, It was built in 1927 by the Christian Science Board of Directors as a retirement home for aged Christian Science practitioners and other workers in the cause of Christian Science and occupies the site of \"Pleasant View\", Mary Baker Eddy's last home before moving to Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in 1908. It is now Pleasant View Retirement, a senior independent living facility. On September 19, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 United States presidential election", + [ + "United States presidential election, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 55.7% 0.8 pp Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 304 227 States carried 30 + ME - 02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,984,825 65,853,516 Percentage 7001461000000000000 ♠ 46.1% 7001482000000000000 ♠ 48.2% Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump / Pence, blue denotes those won by Clinton / Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state. Faithless votes: Colin Powell 3 (WA), John Kasich 1 (TX), Ron Paul 1 (TX), Bernie Sanders 1 (HI), Faith Spotted Eagle 1 (WA) President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican" + ] + ], + [ + "McClimansville, Ohio", + [ + "McClimansville is an unincorporated community in Pleasant Township, Madison County, Ohio, United States. It is located at , at the intersection of Ohio State Route 323 and Ohio State Route 56, just north of Mount Sterling." + ] + ], + [ + "Point Pleasant Borough High School", + [ + "Point Pleasant Borough High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school located on Laura Herbert Drive in Point Pleasant in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The school serves students in ninth through twelfth grades, operating as the lone secondary school of the Point Pleasant School District. The mascot is the panther, and the school colors are black and gold." + ] + ], + [ + "Pleasant View, Toronto", + [ + "Pleasant View is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada that is located in the district of North York at the northern end of the city. It is bordered by Victoria Park to the East, Sheppard Avenue to the South, Highway 404 to the west and the Finch hydro corridor to the north (north of Finch Avenue). The neighbourhood is home to several high-rise apartment and condominium buildings, such as The Clippers." + ] + ], + [ + "Pleasant Lake, Michigan", + [ + "Pleasant Lake is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Michigan, United States. Pleasant Lake is located in Henrietta Township just south of the lake itself. Pleasant Lake has a post office with ZIP code 49272. In addition to the post office there is a party store, a gas station, and Christ Episcopal Church." + ] + ], + [ + "West Pleasant View, Colorado", + [ + "West Pleasant View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,840 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 United States presidential election in Texas", + [ + "The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by an 8.99% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump less than the assigned electoral votes." + ] + ], + [ + "Pleasant Grove, Woodruff County, Arkansas", + [ + "Pleasant Grove is an unincorporated community in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Grove is located on Arkansas Highway 33, west of Tupelo." + ] + ], + [ + "American Idol", + [ + "The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas." + ] + ], + [ + "Highland View Academy", + [ + "Highland View Academy is a private co-educational secondary boarding school located in Hagerstown, Maryland in the United States, and run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools" + ] + ], + [ + "Ben Carson", + [ + "Carson was the featured speaker at the 1997 National Prayer Breakfast. His widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast catapulted him to conservative fame for his views on social and political issues. On May 4, 2015, he announced he was running for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election at a rally in his hometown of Detroit. In March 2016, following the Super Tuesday primaries, he suspended his campaign and announced he would be the new national chairman of My Faith Votes, a group that encourages Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. He then endorsed the candidacy of Donald Trump." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__222497_309482_80702", + "question": "What is the name of the famous bridge in the place where Al gran sole carico d'amore's composer worked?", + "answer": "Rialto Bridge", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Rialto Bridge", + 0 + ], + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore", + 0 + ], + [ + "Alessandro Zezzos", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Rialto Bridge", + [ + "The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Batman Bridge", + [ + "The Batman Bridge is a modern bridge spanning the Tamar River in the north of the Australian state of Tasmania. The bridge is on the Batman Highway connecting the West Tamar Highway (state route A7) to the East Tamar Highway (state route A8). The eastern end of the bridge is located at Whirlpool Reach, George Town and the western end is about halfway between Kayena and Deviot, Tasmania. The bridge overlooks the Deviot Sailing Club and is named after John Batman, Launceston businessman and co-founder of Melbourne." + ] + ], + [ + "Ibn Zaydún", + [ + "Abu al-Waleed Ahmad Ibn Zaydún al-Makhzumi (1003–1071) or simply known as Ibn Zaydún (Arabic full name,أبو الوليد أحمد بن زيدون المخزومي) or Abenzaidún according to Christian sources was a famous Arab poet of Cordoba and Seville. He was considered the greatest neoclassical poet of al-Andalus." + ] + ], + [ + "Trigger Happy!", + [ + "Trigger Happy! is the sole album led by American jazz double bassist Trigger Alpert which was recorded in 1956 for the Riverside label. The album was also issued under Zoot Sims Al Cohn and Tony Scott's names as East Coast Sounds." + ] + ], + [ + "Alf Clausen", + [ + "Alf Heiberg Clausen (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of \"The Simpsons\", of which he had been the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including \"Moonlighting\", \"The Naked Gun\", \"ALF\" and \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\". Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the prestigious Berklee College of Music in 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore", + [ + "Al gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s." + ] + ], + [ + "Dhanushkodi Tirtham", + [ + "Dhanushkodi Tirtham is one of the Tirthas in the island of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. This is located beside the ghost town of Dhanushkodi at the easternmost tip of Rameswaram Island. Rama used his bow's (Dhanush) end (Kodi) to break the bridge - Adam's Bridge (hence the name). This bridge was used for his army to cross over to Lanka for the victorious war against Ravana." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor's Bridge, Toronto", + [ + "Governor's Bridge is a bridge and small neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located to the east of Rosedale and Moore Park, and like them is one of the most expensive in Toronto. Unlike them it was part of the former city of East York. The neighbourhood is named for the Governor's Bridge that crosses the Moore Park Ravine from Douglas Crescent to Astley Avenue and connects the area to Rosedale. The bridge was built in 1923 and restored in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Louis van Waefelghem", + [ + "Louis van Waefelghem (13 January 1840 in Bruges – 19 June 1908 in Paris) was a Belgian violinist, violist and one of the greatest viola d'amore players of the 19th century. He also composed several works and made transcriptions for viola and viola d'amore." + ] + ], + [ + "Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf", + [ + "Abu al-Fadl Abbas Ibn al-Ahnaf, (750 in Basra-809), Arabic, عباس بن الأحنف, was an Arab Abbasid poet from the clan of Hanifa. His work consists solely of love poems (ghazal). It is \"primarily concerned with the hopelessness of love, and the personae in his compositions seems resigned to a relationship of deprivation\". The vocabulary he chose was simple and his style is fluent and easy." + ] + ], + [ + "Luna, Rajasthan", + [ + "Luna is a village in Rajasthan, India, famous as the birthplace of Mehdi Hassan. It is a panchayat village in AlsisarTehseel of Jhunjhunu District." + ] + ], + [ + "Tolib Shakhidi", + [ + "In 1972 Tolib Shakhidi graduated from the Moscow Conservatory from the class of Aram Khachaturian. 'Tolib, your time is precious,' wrote the famous master on Shakhidi's graduation photograph – and since then, this has become the composer's fundamental belief both in life and in his creative work." + ] + ], + [ + "Gustav Hollaender", + [ + "Gustav Hollaender (15 February 1855 in Leobschütz – 4 December 1915 in Berlin) was a German violinist, conductor and composer. He composed many violin works including violin concerti. He was uncle of the more famous film composer Friedrich Hollaender.(See \"Great Jews in Music\" by Darryl Lyman)." + ] + ], + [ + "Alessandro Zezzos", + [ + "He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Liberty Bridge (Budapest)", + [ + "Szabadság híd (in English: Liberty Bridge or Freedom Bridge) in Budapest, Hungary, connects Buda and Pest across the River Danube. It is the third southernmost public road bridge in Budapest, located at the southern end of the City Centre. It was originally named Ferenc József híd (Franz Joseph Bridge)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mezzanotte d'amore", + [ + "Mezzanotte d'amore (Italian for \"Midnight of love\") is a 1970 Italian musicarello film directed by Ettore Maria Fizzarotti and starring Al Bano and Romina Power. It is the sequel of \"Il suo nome è Donna Rosa\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Parlami d'amore", + [ + "Parlami d'amore (English: Speak to me of love) is a 2008 Italo-Spanish film directed by Silvio Muccino. The film is based on Muccino's novel of the same name that he co-wrote with Carla Vangelista. The film was nominated for 8 David di Donatello awards. The film was released in Italy on 14 February 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge", + [ + "The Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge, formerly and still informally known as the Autzen Footbridge, is a bicycle and pedestrian bridge across the Willamette River, located in Eugene, Oregon, in the United States. Named after former University of Oregon president David B. Frohnmayer, the bridge connects Alton Baker Park and Autzen Stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "Pub", + [ + "Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries." + ] + ], + [ + "Carnival of Las Palmas", + [ + "The Carnival of Las Palmas (also Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) is one of the most famous Carnivals in Spain. The event is held each February and hosted by Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Events include the Queen Gala and Draq Queen Gala. The main parade, or \"Cabalgata\", is viewed by 200,000 people every year along with its six kilometer route across the city." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__105837_160713_77246", + "question": "what is meaning of the word that is a majority religion of the area that became India when the country origin of Mizraab was created in Arabic dictionary?", + "answer": "the country of India", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mizraab", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hindus", + 0 + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Mizraab", + [ + "Mizraab (Urdu: مضراب, literal English translation: \"a plectrum made by hand from a continuous strand of iron used to strike the strings of the sitar\") is a progressive rock and metal band from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, formed in 1997. Founded by vocalist, lead guitarist and songwriter, Faraz Anwar, the band's initial line-up was with Faraz Anwar on vocals, Khalid Khan on bass and Akhtar Qayyum on percussions, since then there had been many changes in the line-up the only consistent member being Faraz himself. The band have been influential on many contemporary musical artists, and have gained a large cult following despite garnering little radio or music video airplay." + ] + ], + [ + "India–Pakistan border", + [ + "Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts. Since the independence of India and Pakistan (see British India), the border has been a site of numerous conflicts and wars between each country, and is one of the most complex borders in the world. The border's total length is 2,900 km (1,800 mi), according to the figures given by the PBS; it is also one of the most dangerous borders in the world, based on an article written in the Foreign Policy in 2011. It can be seen from space at night due to the 150,000 flood lights installed by India on about 50 thousand poles." + ] + ], + [ + "Suetonius Grant Heatly", + [ + "Suetonius Grant Heatly (sometimes spelled as \"Heatley\") (1751–1793) was a judge employed by the British East India Company and, with John Sumner, established what is considered to be the first coal mine in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindus", + [ + "The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Islam in India", + [ + "Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is the second-largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or approx. 200 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2018 estimate). It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. The majority of Indian Muslims belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The religion first arrived at the western coast of India when Arab traders as early as the 7th century CE came to coastal Malabar and Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 CE by Malik Deenar. Following an expedition by the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century CE, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Ismaili Shia Islam was introduced to Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, when Fatimid Imam Al-Mustansir Billah sent missionaries to Gujarat in 467 AH/1073 CE. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and Muslims have played a notable role in economics, politics, and culture of India." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting \"Indo-Muslim\" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning \"horde\" or \"camp\" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240)." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Asia Cup", + [ + "Originally, the tournament was scheduled to be played in India. It was moved to the United Arab Emirates, following ongoing political tensions between India and Pakistan." + ] + ], + [ + "Bihar Province", + [ + "Bihar Province was a province of British India, created in 1936 by the partition of the Bihar and Orissa Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque", + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque is a mosque in the Muthialpet area of Georgetown in Chennai, India. It is one of the oldest mosques in the city and was constructed by Casa Verona, a \"dubash\" of the British East India Company." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture of India", + [ + "According to the 2011 census, 79.8% of the population of India practice Hinduism. Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. Many tribal religions, such as Sarnaism, are found in India, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and the Bahá'í Faith are also influential but their numbers are smaller. Atheism and agnostics also have visible influence in India, along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other faiths. According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Centre, India will have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims by 2050. India is expected to have about 311 million Muslims making up around 19–20% of the population and yet about 1.3 billion Hindus are projected to live in India comprising around 76% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Quit India Movement", + [ + "The Quit India Movement or the India August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All - India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India. The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. The All - India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called ``An Orderly British Withdrawal ''from India. Even though it was wartime, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the INC was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the All India Muslim League, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis Powers. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed. The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war had ended." + ] + ], + [ + "List of governors-general of India", + [ + "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Umayyad Caliphate", + [ + "From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion in the west, following the defeat of the Arab army by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732. In 739 a major Berber Revolt broke out in North Africa, which was subdued only with difficulty, but it was followed by the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus. In India the Arab armies were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and by the north Indian Pratiharas Dynasty in the 8th century and the Arabs were driven out of India. In the Caucasus, the confrontation with the Khazars peaked under Hisham: the Arabs established Derbent as a major military base and launched several invasions of the northern Caucasus, but failed to subdue the nomadic Khazars. The conflict was arduous and bloody, and the Arab army even suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardabil in 730. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the future Marwan II, finally ended the war in 737 with a massive invasion that is reported to have reached as far as the Volga, but the Khazars remained unsubdued." + ] + ], + [ + "New Delhi", + [ + "Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. Calcutta had become the epicenter of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century led to the Partition of Bengal by then Viceroy of British India Lord Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments amongst public leading to complete boycott of British goods forced the colonial government to reunite the Bengal partition and immediate shift of the capital to New Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Hinduism in Singapore", + [ + "Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire. A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire. As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the \"kangani\" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India." + ] + ], + [ + "Secretary of State for India", + [ + "The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel", + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__144439_443779_52195", + "question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country of the country of the birthplace of Mulham Arufin–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship?", + "answer": "Francisco Guterres", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mulham Arufin", + 0 + ], + [ + "East Timor", + 0 + ], + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Leaders of the Vietnam War", + [ + "He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says ``All men are created equal... ''Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Mulham Arufin", + [ + "Mulham Arufin (born November 17, 1990) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Gresik United in the Indonesia Super League." + ] + ], + [ + "East Timor", + [ + "Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out." + ] + ], + [ + "Central African Republic", + [ + "In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country's first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), leader Abel Goumba, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act 1961 of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence effective 1 January 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. Samoa also signed a friendship treaty with New Zealand. Samoa, the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent, joined the Commonwealth of Nations on 28 August 1970. While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day." + ] + ], + [ + "Estanislau da Silva", + [ + "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election." + ] + ], + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + [ + "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas Declaration of Independence", + [ + "Texas Declaration of Independence 1836 facsimile of the Texas Declaration of Independence Created March 2, 1836 Ratified March 3, 1836 Location Engrossed copy: Texas State Library and Archives Commission Signatories 60 delegates to the Consultation Purpose To announce and explain separation from Mexico" + ] + ], + [ + "Johan Ferrier", + [ + "Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners", + [ + "Year Recipient Nationality or Base Country Pandurang Shastri Athavale India 2001 Oung Chanthol Cambodia 2001 Dita Indah Sari Indonesia 2002 Sandeep Pandey India 2003 Aniceto Guterres Lopes Timor - Leste Benjamin Abadiano Philippines 2005 Hye - Ran Yoon South Korea 2006 Arvind Kejriwal India 2007 Chen Guangcheng China 2007 Chung To United States in Hong Kong 2008 Ananda Galappatti Sri Lanka 2009 Ka Hsaw Wa Burma 2011 Nileema Mishra India 2012 Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto Indonesia 2014 Randy Halasan Philippines 2015 Sanjiv Chaturvedi India 2016 Thodur Madabusi Krishna India" + ] + ], + [ + "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264", + [ + "United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Trouble with the Truth (song)", + [ + "\"The Trouble with the Truth\" is a song written by Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in April 1997 as the fifth and final single and title track from her album \"The Trouble with the Truth\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Executive Order 12148", + [ + "Executive Order 12148 was an executive order enacted by President Jimmy Carter on July 20, 1979 to transfer and reassign duties to the newly formed agency, known as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), created by Executive Order 12127. The order combined several federal agencies tasked with emergency preparedness and civil defense spread across the executive departments into a unified entity that was established as an independent agency, free of Cabinet interference, with authority as the lead federal agency in a presidentially-declared disaster." + ] + ], + [ + "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence", + [ + "The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ``United States of America, ''and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. The signers' names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south." + ] + ], + [ + "Independence Day (United States)", + [ + "Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President in a row who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day." + ] + ], + [ + "Dutch Republic", + [ + "In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Kenya", + [ + "Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__161602_474028_88460_20999", + "question": "How were the Portuguese expelled from the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is located?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Don", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + [ + "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Women's Softball World Championship", + [ + "2018 Women's Softball World Championship Tournament details Host country Japan Dates 2 -- 12 August 2018 Teams 16 (from 5 continents) Defending champions United States (2016) Final positions Champions United States (11th title) Runner - up Japan Third place Canada Fourth place Australia Tournament statistics Games played 73" + ] + ], + [ + "2015 Copa América", + [ + "Originally, it was to be hosted by Brazil, as suggested by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) in February 2011 due to CONMEBOL's rotation policy of tournaments being held in alphabetical order. However, due to the organization of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics in that country, Brazil decided against also hosting the Copa América. CONMEBOL’s president Nicolas Leoz had mentioned the possibility of the tournament being organized in Mexico (despite this country not being a member of CONMEBOL) as part of the federation's centenary celebrations. Brazil and Chile's Football Federations discussed the idea of swapping around the order of being hosts of the 2015 and 2019 tournaments. The swap was made official in May 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "1986 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from 31 May to 29 June 1986. The tournament was the second to feature a 24 - team format. With European nations not allowed to host after the previous World Cup in Spain, Colombia had been originally chosen to host the competition by FIFA but, largely due to economic reasons, was not able to do so and officially resigned in 1982. Mexico was selected as the new host in May 1983. This was the third FIFA World Cup tournament in succession that was hosted by a Hispanophonic country, after Spain in 1982, and Argentina in 1978." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the hosts on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Li Jiaman", + [ + "Li Jiaman (born 18 August 1997) is a Chinese archer, who participated in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. She was the sole representative of the host-country China in the archery competition." + ] + ], + [ + "A Don", + [ + "A Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Yaruba dynasty", + [ + "The Yaruba dynasty () (also spelled Ya'Aruba or Ya'arubi) were rulers of Oman between 1624 and 1742, holding the title of Imam. They expelled the Portuguese from coastal strongholds in Muscat and united the country. They improved agriculture, expanded trade and built up Oman into a major maritime power. Their forces expelled the Portuguese from East Africa north of Mozambique and established long-lasting settlements on Zanzibar, Mombasa and other parts of the coast. The dynasty lost power during a succession struggle that started in 1712 and fell after a prolonged period of civil war." + ] + ], + [ + "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", + [ + "2018 Winter Olympics Tournament details Host country South Korea Dates 10 -- 22 February Teams 8 Venue (s) 2 (in 1 host city) Final positions Champions United States (2nd title) Runner - up Canada Third place Finland Fourth place Olympic Athletes from Russia Tournament statistics Matches played 22 Goals scored 109 (4.95 per match) Attendance 85,565 (3,889 per match) Scoring leader (s) Alina Müller (10 points) MVP Mélodie Daoust ← 2014 2022 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup Чемпионат мира по футболу 2018 (Chempionat mira po futbolu 2018) Tournament details Host country Russia Dates 14 June -- 15 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 11 host cities) ← 2014 2022 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Rajasinha II of Kandy", + [ + "Rajasimha II, also known as Rajasingha II (pre coronation, Prince Mahastana), was a Sinhalese King, reigned 1629 – 6 December 1687; third king of the kingdom of Kandy in Sri Lanka. Rajasingha requested Dutch aid to help expel the Portuguese from the island, which they successfully did in 1656. By this time however it had become clear to the Kandyans that the Dutch not only intended to expel the Portuguese but to replace them as the major colonial power on the island, and from 1645 onwards Rajasingha was engaged in sporadic warfare with his erstwhile allies." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", + [ + "The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 14 and 25 February 2018. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the three others took part in a qualification tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "Despite the fact that humans have occupied the territory of Portugal for thousands of years, something still remains of the original vegetation. In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtropical laurissilva forest, dating back to the Tertiary period, covers its largest continuous area in the world in the Madeira main island. Due to the human population decrease and rural exodus, Pyrenean oak and other local native trees are colonizing many abandoned areas. Boar, Iberian red deer, roe deer, Iberian wild goat, for example, are reported to be expanding greatly, during the last decades. Boars were found recently roaming at night inside large urban areas, like in Setubal. Protected areas of Portugal include one national park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional), 12 natural parks (Portuguese: Parque Natural), nine natural reserves (Portuguese: Reserva Natural), five natural monuments (Portuguese: Monumento Natural), and seven protected landscapes (Portuguese: Paisagem Protegida), which include the Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês, the Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela and the Paul d'Arzila." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 FIFA Club World Cup", + [ + "The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016 presented by Alibaba YunOS Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA - organised international club football tournament between the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the national league champion from the host country. The tournament was hosted by Japan. Real Madrid won their second Club World Cup, defeating hosts Kashima Antlers in the final." + ] + ], + [ + "British Masters", + [ + "The event returned in 2015, being played at Woburn and hosted by golfer Ian Poulter. The 2016 edition was played at The Grove and hosted by Luke Donald. The 2017 tournament was played at Close House Golf Club and hosted by Lee Westwood. The 2018 tournament was played at Walton Heath Golf Club and hosted by Justin Rose." + ] + ], + [ + "Cristiano Ronaldo", + [ + "A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015. He made his senior debut for Portugal in 2003 at age 18, and has since had over 150 caps, including appearing and scoring in eight major tournaments, becoming Portugal's most capped player and his country's all - time top goalscorer. He scored his first international goal at Euro 2004 and helped Portugal reach the final. He took over full captaincy in July 2008, leading Portugal to their first - ever triumph in a major tournament by winning Euro 2016, and received the Silver Boot as the second - highest goalscorer of the tournament, before becoming the highest European international goalscorer of all - time. One of the most marketable athletes in the world, he was ranked the world's highest - paid athlete by Forbes in 2016 and 2017, as well as the world's most famous athlete by ESPN in 2016, 2017 and 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "2026 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The FIFA Council went back and forth between 2013 and 2017 on limitations within hosting rotation based on the continental confederations. Originally, it was set that bids to be host would not be allowed from countries belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments. It was temporarily changed to only prohibit countries belonging to the confederation that hosted the previous World Cup from bidding to host the following tournament, before the rule was changed back to its prior state of two World Cups. However, the FIFA Council did make an exception to potentially grant eligibility to member associations of the confederation of the second - to - last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that ``Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively. ''Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from those four met the requirements." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__145203_34088", + "question": "Where does Ulysses Kay's birth city hold NASCAR races?", + "answer": "Tucson Raceway Park", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ulysses Kay", + 0 + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Chase Elliott", + [ + "William Clyde ``Chase ''Elliott II (born November 28, 1995) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 9 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports, and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 88 for JR Motorsports and No. 23 for GMS Racing. He is the son of 1988 Winston Cup Series champion Bill Elliott." + ] + ], + [ + "Carl Edwards", + [ + "Carl Michael Edwards II (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is well known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate a victory, which was a result of saving himself from a potential fall when he had his first win." + ] + ], + [ + "Kevin Harvick", + [ + "Kevin Michael Harvick (born December 8, 1975) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 4 Ford Fusion for Stewart - Haas Racing and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 98 Ford Mustang for SHR in an alliance with Biagi - DenBeste Racing. Harvick is the former owner of Kevin Harvick Incorporated, a race team that fielded cars in the Xfinity and Camping World Truck Series between 2004 and 2011. He is the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion and a two - time Xfinity Series champion. Harvick holds the all - time record for Cup Series wins at Phoenix International Raceway with nine wins. Harvick is also the third winningest driver in Xfinity Series history with 47 wins." + ] + ], + [ + "Burney Lamar", + [ + "Burney Lamar (born August 21, 1980) is an American stock car racing driver. He has driven in both the NASCAR Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash", + [ + "The 2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 11, 2018, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Contested over 75 laps, it was the first exhibition race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season." + ] + ], + [ + "Barney Hall", + [ + "Barney Hall (June 24, 1932January 26, 2016) was an American sports commentator for Motor Racing Network, formerly calling NASCAR races. Hall broadcast races for over 50 years. Hall is considered as one of the best NASCAR commentators of all-time. MRN director David Hyatt stated, \"Motor Racing Network is ‘The Voice of NASCAR’ and Barney Hall is the voice of MRN.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Ronnie Silver", + [ + "Ronnie Silver (born July 20, 1951) is a former American stock car racer and crew chief. He raced in the NASCAR Busch Series for eight seasons, winning two races." + ] + ], + [ + "Ulysses Kay", + [ + "Ulysses Simpson Kay (January 7, 1917 in Tucson, Arizona – May 20, 1995 in Englewood, New Jersey) was an African-American composer. His music is mostly neoclassical in style." + ] + ], + [ + "Matt Carter (racing driver)", + [ + "Matt Carter (born May 13, 1981) is an American race car driver and the son of former NASCAR Sprint Cup Series car owner Travis Carter." + ] + ], + [ + "Greg Biffle", + [ + "Gregory Jack Biffle (born December 23, 1969) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He is inactive as of 2017, last driving in the No. 16 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. After racing in the NASCAR Winter Heat Series in the mid-1990s, he was recommended to Jack Roush by former announcer Benny Parsons. He was the 1998 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Rookie of the Year. He won the 2000 Craftsman Truck championship. He reprised this progression in the NASCAR Busch Series, winning the 2001 Rookie of the Year, immediately followed by winning the 2002 championship. Biffle drove in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for Roush from 2003 until 2016, winning 19 races in the No. 16 Ford. He currently is an analyst for NBC Sports' show NASCAR America." + ] + ], + [ + "Aric Almirola", + [ + "Aric A. Almirola (born March 14, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently drives the No. 43 Ford Fusion for Richard Petty Motorsports in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He also drives the No. 98 Ford Mustang for Biagi - DenBeste Racing in the NASCAR Xfinity Series on a part - time basis. Almirola attended the University of Central Florida to work on a degree in mechanical engineering before leaving to pursue a career in racing. He is nicknamed ``The Cuban Missile ''due to his Cuban heritage." + ] + ], + [ + "Tucson, Arizona", + [ + "Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists." + ] + ], + [ + "Denny Hamlin", + [ + "James Dennis Alan ``Denny ''Hamlin (born November 18, 1980) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 11 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing, and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 20 Camry for JGR. He has won 30 NASCAR Cup Series races, including the Daytona 500 in 2016, where he also posted the smallest winning margin in that race's history." + ] + ], + [ + "NASCAR RaceDay", + [ + "NASCAR RaceDay (also known as NASCAR RaceDay fueled by Sunoco) is an American pre-race television show on Fox Sports 1 that precedes all NASCAR Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race broadcasts. Part of the \"Fox NASCAR\" series, the show previously aired on Fox Sports Net and Speed. \"NASCAR RaceDay\" is hosted by Shannon Spake with analysis from Bobby Labonte and Jamie McMurray from the Fox Sports studio in Charlotte, North Carolina. Alan Cavanna and Kaitlyn Vincie report from the track" + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Dokken", + [ + "Michael Dokken (born June 4, 1971 in Clearwater, Florida) is a retired American stock car racing driver, and a former competitor in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series." + ] + ], + [ + "Wendell Scott", + [ + "Wendell Oliver Scott (August 29, 1921 – December 23, 1990) was an American stock car racing driver. He was one of the first African-American drivers in NASCAR, and the first African-American to win a race in the Grand National Series, NASCAR's highest level." + ] + ], + [ + "Brett Moffitt", + [ + "Brett Moffitt (born August 7, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet Silverado for GMS Racing, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro for JR Motorsports. He won Rookie of the Year Honors in 2015 in the Cup Series, and won the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "John Mickel", + [ + "John Mickel (born 28 January 1971, in Cambridge, England), is a stock car racer and commentator. He has raced in NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and Pickup Truck Racing with TorqueSpeed. He was also a commentator for Sky Sports' coverage of NASCAR racing through 2008-9." + ] + ], + [ + "Wendy Venturini", + [ + "Wendy Venturini (born January 30, 1979 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American reporter for the Performance Racing Network (PRN). She works as broadcaster for Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and sometimes as a pit reporter for races on PRN. She had been a pit reporter in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and reporter for NASCAR Race Day. Venturini is a 2000 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeff Krogh", + [ + "Jeff Krogh (born March 21, 1972 in Kamiah, Idaho) is a former American professional race car driver, who competed in the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series and the NASCAR Winston West Series. He was seriously injured in a crash during the 1999 Busch Grand National season and never returned to competition." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__551235_310309", + "question": "Who is the child of the creator of A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society?", + "answer": "Edwin Landseer Lutyens", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society", + 0 + ], + [ + "Edwin Lutyens", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Lord Lewis Prize", + [ + "The Lord Lewis Prize is awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry for distinctive and distinguished chemical or scientific achievements together with significant contributions to the development of science policy. The recipient receives a medal, a certificate and a prize of £5,000." + ] + ], + [ + "Leroy P. Steele Prize", + [ + "The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993 there has been a formal division into three categories." + ] + ], + [ + "Anthropology", + [ + "Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry.[dubious – discuss] Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions." + ] + ], + [ + "European Journal of Human Genetics", + [ + "The European Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Society of Human Genetics. It covers all aspects of human genetics." + ] + ], + [ + "Simon Blackburn", + [ + "He retired as the professor of philosophy at the University of Cambridge in 2011, but remains a distinguished research professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, teaching every fall semester. He is also a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a member of the professoriate of New College of the Humanities. He was previously a Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford and has also taught full-time at the University of North Carolina as an Edna J. Koury Professor. He is a former president of the Aristotelian Society, having served the 2009–2010 term. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2002 and a Foreign Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Jenny Slate", + [ + "Jenny Sarah Slate (born March 25, 1982) is an American comedian, actress, voice actress and author, best known for her role as Donna Stern in Obvious Child, as well as being the co-creator of the Marcel the Shell with Shoes On short films and children's book series. She is also known for being a cast member on Saturday Night Live for the 2009 / 10 season and for her appearances in shows such as House of Lies, Married, Parks and Recreation, Bob's Burgers, Hello Ladies, Kroll Show, and Girls." + ] + ], + [ + "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society", + [ + "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society is an 1831 oil on canvas work by English painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting a Newfoundland dog. The original was damaged in a flood whilst on loan to the Tate Gallery in 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "Linda Greenhouse", + [ + "Linda Joyce Greenhouse (born January 9, 1947) is the Knight Distinguished Journalist in Residence and Joseph M. Goldstein Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School. She is a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter who covered the United States Supreme Court for nearly three decades for \"The New York Times\". She is President of the American Philosophical Society (since 2017), and a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Senate." + ] + ], + [ + "Charles A. Kraus", + [ + "He was awarded several medals from the American Chemical Society, including the Priestley Medal in 1950. He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1938, the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1948, and the Willard Gibbs Award in 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "William Luxton", + [ + "Luxton was a founder of the Winnipeg Humane Society. He served as chairman of the Winnipeg School Board from 1885-87." + ] + ], + [ + "Maria Goranova", + [ + "Maria Goranova (Bulgarian: Мария Горанова) is an associate professor of management at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. She conducts research on shareholder empowerment and activism, corporate governance, and corporate strategy. She serves on the editorial board of Journal of Management, and is a member of the Academy of Management, International Association for Business and Society, and Strategic Management Society. Her research has been published in a number of leading journals including Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, Academy of Management Perspectives, Journal of Business Research, and Academy of Management Proceedings. She is also recipient of Distinguished Paper and Best Reviewer Awards from the Academy of Management." + ] + ], + [ + "Charles Wilkins", + [ + "Sir Charles Wilkins, KH, FRS (1749 -- 13 May 1836), was an English typographer and Orientalist, and founding member of The Asiatic Society. He is notable as the first translator of Bhagavad Gita into English, and as the creator, alongside Panchanan Karmakar, of the first Bengali typeface. In 1788, Wilkins was elected a member of the Royal Society." + ] + ], + [ + "Edwin Lutyens", + [ + "Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (; ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Neville A. Stanton", + [ + "Neville A. Stanton is a British Professor of Human Factors and Ergonomics at the University of Southampton. Prof Stanton is a Chartered Engineer (C.Eng), Chartered Psychologist (C.Psychol) and Chartered Ergonomist (C.ErgHF). He has written and edited over a forty books and over three hundered peer-reviewed journal papers on applications of the subject. Stanton is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, a Fellow of The Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors and a member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. He has been published in academic journals including \"Nature\". He has also helped organisations design new human-machine interfaces, such as the Adaptive Cruise Control system for Jaguar Cars." + ] + ], + [ + "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness", + [ + "``Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness ''is a well - known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the`` unalienable rights'' which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their creator, and which governments are created to protect." + ] + ], + [ + "The Human Centipede (First Sequence)", + [ + "The Human Centipede (First Sequence) is a 2009 Dutch horror film written, directed, and co-produced by Tom Six. The film tells the story of a German surgeon who kidnaps three tourists and joins them surgically, mouth to anus, forming a \"human centipede\", a conjoined triplet. It stars Dieter Laser as the creator of the centipede, Dr. Josef Heiter, with Ashley C. Williams, Ashlynn Yennie, and Akihiro Kitamura as his victims. According to Six, the concept for the film arose from a joke he made with friends about punishing a child molester by stitching his mouth to the anus of a \"fat truck driver\". Inspiration for the film also came from Nazi medical experiments carried out during World War II, such as the crimes of Josef Mengele at the Auschwitz concentration camp." + ] + ], + [ + "King Olav V's Prize for Cancer Research", + [ + "The King Olav V's Prize for Cancer Research is a research award given annually by the Norwegian Cancer Society to a researcher who has distinguished himself through his scientific contributions to Norwegian cancer research. It was established in 1992." + ] + ], + [ + "Oleg Petrovich Orlov", + [ + "Oleg Petrovich Orlov (born April 4, 1953 in Moscow) is a biologist, participator in post-soviet human rights movements in Russia, chairman of the Board of Human Rights Center “Memorial,” executive board member of the Center's International, Historic-Educational Society. From 2004-2006 was in the President of the Russian Federation's council for the development of civil society and human rights institutions. Laureate of the “For Freedom of Thought” award, given in honor of Andrei Sakharov (2009). Member of the federal political council movement “Solidarity.”" + ] + ], + [ + "Age of Enlightenment", + [ + "Scientific academies and societies grew out of the Scientific Revolution as the creators of scientific knowledge in contrast to the scholasticism of the university. During the Enlightenment, some societies created or retained links to universities. However, contemporary sources distinguished universities from scientific societies by claiming that the university's utility was in the transmission of knowledge, while societies functioned to create knowledge. As the role of universities in institutionalized science began to diminish, learned societies became the cornerstone of organized science. Official scientific societies were chartered by the state in order to provide technical expertise. Most societies were granted permission to oversee their own publications, control the election of new members, and the administration of the society. After 1700, a tremendous number of official academies and societies were founded in Europe, and by 1789 there were over seventy official scientific societies. In reference to this growth, Bernard de Fontenelle coined the term \"the Age of Academies\" to describe the 18th century." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__150866_11402", + "question": "According to the agency that published U.S. and World Population Clock, what is the total area in square miles?", + "answer": "17.037 square miles", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "U.S. and World Population Clock", + 0 + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, New Jersey", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Paris", + [ + "According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU." + ] + ], + [ + "United States", + [ + "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self - governing territories, and various possessions. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km) and with over 325 million people, the United States is the world's third - or fourth - largest country by total area and the third-most populous. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the largest city by population is New York City. Forty - eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine official time zones. The extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the United States make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries." + ] + ], + [ + "San Diego", + [ + "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Agriculture in China", + [ + "Although China's agricultural output is the largest in the world, only about 15% of its total land area can be cultivated. China's arable land, which represents 10% of the total arable land in the world, supports over 20% of the world's population. Of this approximately 1.4 million square kilometers of arable land, only about 1.2% (116,580 square kilometers) permanently supports crops and 525,800 square kilometers are irrigated. The land is divided into approximately 200 million households, with an average land allocation of just 0.65 hectares (1.6 acres)." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada", + [ + "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa." + ] + ], + [ + "Guam", + [ + "In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of 210 square miles (540 km) and a population density of 775 per square mile (299 / km). Located in Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong - Toto - Maite has the highest population density at 3,691 per square mile (1,425 / km), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119 per square mile (46 / km). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 1,332 feet (406 m) above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces." + ] + ], + [ + "London", + [ + "Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width." + ] + ], + [ + "The Gambia", + [ + "The Gambia is less than 50 kilometres (31 miles) wide at its widest point, with a total area of 11,295 km2 (4,361 sq mi). About 1,300 square kilometres (500 square miles) (11.5%) of The Gambia's area are covered by water. It is the smallest country on the African mainland. In comparative terms, The Gambia has a total area slightly less than that of the island of Jamaica." + ] + ], + [ + "Pollock, Louisiana", + [ + "Pollock is located in southeastern Grant Parish at 31 ° 31 ′ 29 ''N 92 ° 24 ′ 32'' W  /  31.52472 ° N 92.40889 ° W  / 31.52472; - 92.40889 (31.524760, - 92.408866) and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m). U.S. Route 165 is the main highway through the town, leading north 16 miles (26 km) to Georgetown and south 16 miles to Alexandria. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.3 km), all land." + ] + ], + [ + "Great Lakes", + [ + "The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3, 22 -- 23% of the world's surface fresh water). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and the largest freshwater lake by area. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country." + ] + ], + [ + "U.S. and World Population Clock", + [ + "The U.S. and World Population Clock presents the United States Census Bureau's continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world's total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks." + ] + ], + [ + "Great Lakes", + [ + "The Great Lakes is the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second largest by total volume containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km), a bit less than the volume of Lake Baikal (23,615 km3). Due to their sea - like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as inland seas. Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country." + ] + ], + [ + "New England", + [ + "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Riverside, California", + [ + "Riverside is the 59th largest city in the United States, 12th largest city in California, and the largest city in California's Inland Empire metro area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 81.4 square miles (210.8 km), of which 81.1 square miles (210 km) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km) (0.37%) is water. The elevation of downtown Riverside is 860 feet (260 m). Hills within the city limits include Mount Rubidoux, a city landmark and tourist attraction. Riverside is surrounded by small and large mountains, some of which get a dusting of winter snow. Many residents also enjoy the many beaches of southern California. Riverside is about a 47 - mile drive to the Pacific Ocean and is close to Orange county and Los Angeles county." + ] + ], + [ + "Paris", + [ + "Paris (French pronunciation: ​ (paʁi) (listen)) is the capital and most populous city in France, with an administrative - limits area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official population of 2,206,488 (2015). The city is a commune and department, and the heart of the 12,012 - square - kilometre (4,638 - square - mile) Île - de-France region (colloquially known as the 'Paris Region'), whose 2016 population of 12,142,802 represented roughly 18 percent of the population of France. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts. The Paris Region had a GDP of €649.6 billion (US $763.4 billion) in 2014, accounting for 30.4 percent of the GDP of France. According to official estimates, in 2013 - 14 the Paris Region had the third - highest GDP in the world and the largest regional GDP in the EU." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, New Jersey", + [ + "According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%)." + ] + ], + [ + "Punjab, Pakistan", + [ + "Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, \"five waters\": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north." + ] + ], + [ + "Washburn, Texas", + [ + "Washburn is an unincorporated community in Armstrong County, Texas, United States. It is located along U.S. Highway 287 in northwestern Armstrong County, approximately 20 miles east of Amarillo. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 120 in 2000. Washburn is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Poverty in India", + [ + "Poverty is a significant issue in India, despite being one of the fastest - growing economies in the world, clocked at a growth rate of 7.11% in 2015, and a sizable consumer economy. The World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions on May 2014 to its poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide. According to this revised methodology, the world had 872.3 million people below the new poverty line, Nigeria, and Congo is expected to overtake India by the end of 2019. As of 2014, 58% of the total population were living on less than $3.10 per day. According to the Modified Mixed Reference Period (MMRP) concept proposed by World Bank in 2015, India's poverty rate for period 2011 - 12 stood at 12.4% of the total population, or about 172 million people; taking the revised poverty line as $1.90." + ] + ], + [ + "China", + [ + "China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square miles), it is the world's second - largest state by land area and third - or fourth - largest by total area. Governed by the Communist Party of China, it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct - controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing) and the Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming sovereignty over Taiwan. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__200391_44187", + "question": "In the Tom Hanks movie Castaway, what is the object with the same name as Vance Page's place of death?", + "answer": "a Wilson volleyball", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Cast Away", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vance Page", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Your Cheatin' Heart (film)", + [ + "Parker introduced Hamilton to Hank Williams' ex-wife Audrey. The two got along well and Audrey lobbied on Hamilton's behalf. Hamilton said, ``Audrey wanted the movie to happen, especially to make her son, Hank Williams Jr., a singing star the same way she had pushed Big Hank to stardom. ''The idea was that Williams Jr would dub the singing in the movie and release the soundtrack album under his name; Hamilton wanted to perform the songs himself --`` that was the key to the character'' -- but knew the only way he would get the part was to agree to be dubbed. With Audrey's support, Hamilton got the part, his signing being announced in November 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "The Castaways on Gilligan's Island", + [ + "The Castaways on Gilligan's Island is a 1979 made-for-television comedy film that continues the adventures of the shipwrecked castaways from the 1964–67 sitcom \"Gilligan's Island\" and the first reunion movie, \"Rescue from Gilligan's Island\", featuring the original cast from the television series with the exception of Tina Louise, who was replaced in the role of Ginger Grant by Judith Baldwin. Written by Al Schwartz, Elroy Schwartz and series creator Sherwood Schwartz and directed by Earl Bellamy, it was first broadcast on NBC May 3, 1979. Unlike the independently-produced \"Rescue from Gilligan's Island\", this and the subsequent \"The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island\" were produced by MCA/Universal Television." + ] + ], + [ + "Cast Away", + [ + "Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but can not pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later, he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of Texas, making him doubtful he will ever be found." + ] + ], + [ + "List of highest paid film actors", + [ + "Highest - earning actors in films Actor Film Year Salary Total income Ref Keanu Reeves The Matrix Reloaded The Matrix Revolutions 2003 $30,000,000 $156,000,000 Bruce Willis The Sixth Sense 1999 $14,000,000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible 2 2000 $100,000,000 Tom Cruise War of the Worlds 2005 $100,000,000 Will Smith Men in Black 3 2012 $100,000,000 Sandra Bullock Gravity 2013 $20,000,000 $70,000,000 + Tom Hanks Forrest Gump $70,000,000 Tom Cruise Mission: Impossible $70,000,000 Harrison Ford Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008 $65,000,000 Jack Nicholson Batman $6,000,000 $60,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Inception $59,000,000 Johnny Depp Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $35,000,000 $55,000,000 Robert Downey, Jr. The Avengers 2012 $50,000,000 Cameron Diaz Bad Teacher 2011 $42,000,000 Leonardo DiCaprio Titanic $40,000,000 Tom Hanks Saving Private Ryan 1998 $40,000,000 Johnny Depp Alice in Wonderland $40,000,000 Aamir Khan Dangal 2016 $37,000,000 + Neymar Jr Diver 2018 $37,500,000 Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines 2003 $29,250,000 $30,000,000 + Mel Gibson Lethal Weapon 4 1998 $30,000,000 $30,000,000 Brad Pitt Ocean's Eleven $10,000,000 $30,000,000" + ] + ], + [ + "Cheaper by the Dozen (2003 film)", + [ + "Tom's a coach at a college in Indiana, where he had 12 kids. Kate wrote a book to send to her friend to publish it. Tom receives an offer from his friend to coach at his alma mater in Evanston, IL. Tom accepts the offer, and he and Kate make plans to move to Evanston. So the entire Baker family move there. The setting at the Bakers' new home is tense. The situation at school is bad. When her book is ready for publication, Kate soon goes on a book tour to promote it. Tom hires Nora & Hank to manage the little kids. When Nora & Hank arrive, the little kids plan to prank Hank, which they do. The prank makes Nora & Hank refuse to babysit. Tom berates the young kids for their prank. Kate leaves for her book tour & Tom realizes he ca n't handle the kids on his own. He brings the football players from work to the family's house for practicing in the living room to prepare for the big game as the children perform chores & their playtime. But the kids cause trouble at school. Kate hears from the kids about the chaos and comes home to deal with it. Diane decides to create another promotion by inviting Oprah to tape a segment about the Bakers in their home. Despite coaching from Kate, the Bakers do n't show the family Kate described in her book. With Mark all agitated due to his frog's death, an altercation occurs before the segment starts, causing it's cancellation. Mark flees from home. Tom finds Mark on a train. The Baker family reunites, address their issues with each other, & Tom quits his job." + ] + ], + [ + "The 'Burbs", + [ + "The 'Burbs, is a 1989 American comedy thriller film directed by Joe Dante, starring Tom Hanks, Bruce Dern, Carrie Fisher, Rick Ducommun, Corey Feldman, Wendy Schaal and Henry Gibson, and co-starring Gale Gordon. The film was written by Dana Olsen, who also has a cameo in the movie. The film pokes fun at suburban environments and their, sometimes, eccentric dwellers." + ] + ], + [ + "Joe Versus the Volcano", + [ + "Joe Versus the Volcano is a 1990 American romantic comedy film written and directed by John Patrick Shanley and starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan. Hanks plays a man who, after being told he is dying of a rare disease, accepts a financial offer to travel to a South Pacific island and throw himself into a volcano on behalf of the superstitious natives. Along the way, he meets and falls in love with the woman taking him there." + ] + ], + [ + "Road to Perdition (soundtrack)", + [ + "Road to Perdition is the soundtrack, on the Decca Records label, of the 2002 Academy Award - winning and Golden Globe - nominated film Road to Perdition starring Tyler Hoechlin, Tom Hanks, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Jude Law, Daniel Craig and Paul Newman. The original score was composed by Thomas Newman." + ] + ], + [ + "Monuriki", + [ + "Modriki Island was featured as the anonymous island in the 2000 Robert Zemeckis film, Cast Away, starring Tom Hanks (see below); some tourists and travel agents refer to Modriki as' Cast Away Island ', which is not to be confused with Castaway Island, or Qalito, an actual Fijian island within the Mamanuca Islands." + ] + ], + [ + "The Shawshank Redemption", + [ + "Darabont purchased the film rights to King's story in 1987, but development did not begin until five years later when he wrote the script over an eight - week period. Two weeks after submitting his script to the Castle Rock Entertainment film studio, Darabont secured a $25 million budget to produce The Shawshank Redemption, which started pre-production in January 1993. While the film is set in Maine, principal photography took place from June to August 1993 almost entirely in Mansfield, Ohio, with the Ohio State Reformatory serving as the eponymous penitentiary. The project attracted many stars of the time for the lead roles including Tom Hanks, Tom Cruise, and Kevin Costner. Thomas Newman provided the film's score." + ] + ], + [ + "The Circle (2017 film)", + [ + "Emma Watson as Mae Holland Tom Hanks as Eamon Bailey John Boyega as Ty Lafitte / Kalden Karen Gillan as Annie Allerton Ellar Coltrane as Mercer Patton Oswalt as Tom Stenton Bill Paxton as Vinnie Holland, Mae's father Glenne Headly as Bonnie Holland, Mae's mother Poorna Jagannathan as Dr. Jessica Villalobos Nate Corddry as Dan Jimmy Wong as Mitch Ellen Wong as Renata Judy Reyes as Congresswoman Santos Andrea Brooks as Sky Beck as himself" + ] + ], + [ + "The Polar Express (film)", + [ + "The film stars Daryl Sabara, Nona Gaye, Jimmy Bennett, and Eddie Deezen, with Tom Hanks in six distinct roles. The film also included a performance by Tinashe at age 9, who later gained exposure as a pop singer in the 2010s, as the CGI - model for the female protagonist." + ] + ], + [ + "Putty Hill", + [ + "Putty Hill is a 2010 American independent drama film directed by Matthew Porterfield, and starring Sky Ferreira, Zoe Vance, and James Siebor. The plot focuses on friends and family who gather to remember a young man in the aftermath of his death and attempt to reconstruct his last days." + ] + ], + [ + "List of highest paid film actors", + [ + "Highest - earning actors in films Actor Film Year Salary Total income Ref Reeves, Keanu Keanu Reeves Matrix Reloaded, The The Matrix Reloaded The Matrix Revolutions 2003 $30,000,000 $156,000,000 Willis, Bruce Bruce Willis Sixth Sense, The The Sixth Sense 1999 $14,000,000 $100,000,000 Cruise, Tom Tom Cruise Mission Impossible 2Mission: Impossible 2 2000 $100,000,000 Cruise, Tom Tom Cruise War of the Worlds 2005 $100,000,000 Smith, Will Will Smith Men in Black 3 2012 $100,000,000 Bullock, Sandra Sandra Bullock Gravity 2013 $20,000,000 $70,000,000 + Hanks, Tom Tom Hanks Forrest Gump $70,000,000 Cruise, Tom Tom Cruise Mission Impossible 1Mission: Impossible $70,000,000 Ford, Harrison Harrison Ford Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 2008 $65,000,000 Nicholson, Jack Jack Nicholson Batman $6,000,000 $60,000,000 DiCaprio, Leonardo Leonardo DiCaprio Inception $59,000,000 Depp, Johnny Johnny Depp Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides 2011 $35,000,000 $55,000,000 Downey, Jr., Robert Robert Downey, Jr. Avengers, The The Avengers 2012 $50,000,000 Diaz, Cameron Cameron Diaz Bad Teacher 2011 $42,000,000 DiCaprio, Leonardo Leonardo DiCaprio Titanic $40,000,000 Hanks, Tom Tom Hanks Saving Private Ryan 1998 $40,000,000 Depp, Johnny Johnny Depp Alice in Wonderland $40,000,000 Carrey, Jim Jim Carrey Yes Man 2008 $35,000,000 Schwarzenegger, Arnold Arnold Schwarzenegger Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines 2003 $29,250,000 $30,000,000 + Gibson, Mel Mel Gibson Lethal Weapon 4 1998 $30,000,000 $30,000,000 Pitt, Brad Brad Pitt Ocean's Eleven $10,000,000 $30,000,000" + ] + ], + [ + "Vance Page", + [ + "Vance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 in Elm City, North Carolina – July 14, 1951 in Wilson, North Carolina), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs." + ] + ], + [ + "Mehran Karimi Nasseri", + [ + "Mehran Karimi Nasseri (مهران کریمی ناصری pronounced (mehˈrɒn kjæriˈmi nɒseˈri); born 1942), also known as Sir Alfred Mehran, is an Iranian refugee who lived in the departure lounge of Terminal One in Charles de Gaulle Airport from 26 August 1988 until July 2006, when he was hospitalized for an unspecified ailment. His autobiography has been published as a book, The Terminal Man, in 2004. His story was the inspiration for the 2004 Tom Hanks movie The Terminal" + ] + ], + [ + "American Idol", + [ + "Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place. Her elimination drew criticisms from some former Idol contestants, as well as actor Tom Hanks." + ] + ], + [ + "Middleburg, North Carolina", + [ + "Middleburg is a town in Vance County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 133 at the 2010 census. It was in Warren County, North Carolina and known as Middleburgh prior to the establishment of Vance County in 1881." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Osijek", + [ + "The Battle of Osijek () was the artillery bombardment of the Croatian city of Osijek by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) which took place from August 1991 to June 1992 during the Croatian War of Independence. Shelling peaked in late November and December 1991, then diminished in 1992 after the Vance plan was accepted by the combatants. Airstrikes and attacks by JNA infantry and armored units against targets in the city accompanied the bombardment, which caused approximately 800 deaths and resulted in a large portion of the city's population leaving. Croatian sources estimated that 6,000 artillery shells were fired against Osijek over the period." + ] + ], + [ + "The Post (film)", + [ + "In October 2016 Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__143650_152023", + "question": "What label was responsible for who sang or played Delta Hardware?", + "answer": "Kicking Mule Records", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Charlie Musselwhite", + 0 + ], + [ + "Delta Hardware", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Billy Joel", + [ + "On December 11, 2008, Joel recorded his own rendition of \"Christmas in Fallujah\" during a concert at Acer Arena in Sydney and released it as a live single in Australia only. It is the only official release of Joel performing \"Christmas in Fallujah\", as Cass Dillon sang on the 2007 studio recording and the handful of times the song was played live in 2007. Joel sang the song throughout his December 2008 tour of Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta, Colorado", + [ + "The City of Delta is the Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Delta County, Colorado, United States. The population was 8,915 at the 2010 census, up from 6,400 at the 2000 census. The United States Forest Service headquarters of the Grand Mesa, Gunnison, and Uncompahgre National Forests are located in Delta." + ] + ], + [ + "Nemunas Delta Regional Park", + [ + "Nemunas Delta Regional Park, established in 1994, is located in Lithuania within the Nemunas Delta where the Nemunas flows into the Baltic Sea. The park covers 29,013 hectares." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta IV", + [ + "Delta IV is an expendable launch system in the Delta rocket family. The rocket's main components were originally designed by Boeing's Defense, Space & Security division for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program. Delta IV vehicles are currently built in the United Launch Alliance (ULA) facility in Decatur, Alabama. Final assembly is completed at the launch site by ULA. In addition to launching EELV payloads for the United States Air Force, Delta IV can launch commercial satellite payloads. The Delta IV is available in two main versions: Medium, which has a variety of configurations, and Heavy, to cover a range of payload sizes and masses. The Delta IV is primarily a launch vehicle for U.S. military payloads." + ] + ], + [ + "Aikenhead's Hardware", + [ + "Aikenhead's Hardware was a chain of Canadian hardware stores located in Greater Toronto, Southern Ontario and northern Ontario. The original store was founded in Toronto in 1830 as \"Ridout's Hardware Store\" by Joseph Ridout and was located on the corner of King Street and Yonge Street." + ] + ], + [ + "Maureen Kempston Darkes", + [ + "Born in Toronto, Ontario, she received a Bachelor of Arts in history and political science from Victoria University in the University of Toronto in 1970. During this time she was a member of Delta Delta Delta sorority. She received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in 1973 and was called to the Bar of Ontario." + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie Musselwhite", + [ + "In 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta Hardware", + [ + "Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Rhine", + [ + "The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also used for the river delta where the Rhine flows into Lake Constance, so it is clearer to call the larger one Rhine-Meuse delta, or even Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, as the Scheldt ends in the same delta." + ] + ], + [ + "Saloum Delta National Park", + [ + "Saloum Delta National Park or Parc National du Delta du Saloum in Senegal, is a national park. Established in 1976, it is situated within the Saloum Delta at the juncture of the Saloum River and the North Atlantic." + ] + ], + [ + "Samsung Galaxy S4", + [ + "The Samsung Galaxy S4 is an Android smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics and was first shown publicly on March 14, 2013, at Samsung Mobile Unpacked in New York City. It is the successor to the Galaxy S III, which maintains a similar design, but with upgraded hardware and an increased focus on software features that take advantage of its hardware capabilities—such as the ability to detect when a finger is hovered over the screen, and expanded eye tracking functionality. A hardware variant of the S4 became the first smartphone to support the emerging LTE Advanced mobile network standard." + ] + ], + [ + "Google Play", + [ + "Applications are available through Google Play either free of charge or at a cost. They can be downloaded directly on an Android device through the Play Store mobile app or by deploying the application to a device from the Google Play website. Applications exploiting hardware capabilities of a device can be targeted to users of devices with specific hardware components, such as a motion sensor (for motion - dependent games) or a front - facing camera (for online video calling). The Google Play store had over 82 billion app downloads in 2016 and has reached over 2.7 million apps published in 2017. It has been the subject of multiple issues concerning security, in which malicious software has been approved and uploaded to the store and downloaded by users, with varying degrees of severity." + ] + ], + [ + "Nintendo Entertainment System", + [ + "In response to these hardware flaws, \"Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers\" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization program. In practice, the authorization process consisted of nothing more than paying a fee to Nintendo for the privilege. In a recent trend, many sites have sprung up to offer Nintendo repair parts, guides, and services that replace those formerly offered by the authorized repair centers." + ] + ], + [ + "Sharon Warren", + [ + "Warren was born in Opelika, Alabama. She played Ray Charles' mother, Aretha Robinson, in the 2004 film Ray. She attended Stillman College in Tuscaloosa, Alabama for three years. She is a Member of the Omega Alpha Chapter of Epsilon Sigma Alpha and Delta Sigma Theta." + ] + ], + [ + "Skynet (Terminator)", + [ + "In The Terminator, Skynet was a computer system developed for the U.S. military by the defense company Cyberdyne Systems; its technology was designed by Miles Bennett Dyson and his team. Skynet was originally built as a ``Global Information Grid / Digital Defense Network '', and later given command over all computerized military hardware and systems, including the B - 2 stealth bomber fleet and America's entire nuclear weapons arsenal. The strategy behind Skynet's creation was to remove the possibility of human error and slow reaction time to guarantee a fast, efficient response to enemy attack." + ] + ], + [ + "Database", + [ + "Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of general-purpose computers. Thus most database systems nowadays are software systems running on general-purpose hardware, using general-purpose computer data storage. However this idea is still pursued for certain applications by some companies like Netezza and Oracle (Exadata)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cinco de Mayo", + [ + "According to a paper published by the UCLA Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture about the origin of the observance of Cinco de Mayo in the United States, the modern American focus on that day first started in California in 1863 in response to the resistance to French rule in Mexico. ``Far up in the gold country town of Columbia (now Columbia State Park) Mexican miners were so overjoyed at the news that they spontaneously fired off rifle shots and fireworks, sang patriotic songs and made impromptu speeches. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Hermine Kittel", + [ + "Hermine Kittel (December 2, 1879 – April 7, 1948) was an Austrian contralto from Vienna. She studied singing with Amalie Materna in Vienna. She made her operatic debut in 1897 in Ljubljana. Kittle first sang under Gustav Mahler at the Vienna Hofoper (Vienna State Opera) and later premiered in a revision of \"Ariadne auf Naxos\". She sang at the Bayreuth Festival in 1902 and 1908, where she sang Erda in \"Der Ring des Nibelungen\". She also sang at the Salzburg Festival, where she often played Marcellina in \"The Marriage of Figaro\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Park Sang-jin", + [ + "Park Sang-jin (, born 3 March 1987) is a South Korean football player who plays as a fullback for South Korean club that K-League side Gangwon FC." + ] + ], + [ + "Whiskey River", + [ + "\"Whiskey River\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album \"Whiskey River\". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with \"When My Conscience Hurts the Most\" on the b-side." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__160223_58067", + "question": "Who was given India's highest civilian honor before he became President of India?", + "answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", + 0 + ], + [ + "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah", + [ + "Chittoor Mohammed Habeebullah was an Indian gastroenterologist, known for his contributions to the medical discipline of gastroenterology in India. Born in 1937 in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, Habeebullah graduated in medicine (MBBS) from the Guntur Medical College in 1958, after which he secured his master's degree in general medicine (MD) from Andhra University and DM from the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. He started his career as an assistant professor at the Department of Gastroenterology, Osmania Medical College and served as the professor and the Head of the Department from 1975 to 1992 and thereafter as the principal till 1994. He also served as the Director, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad and as the Director of Medical Education, Government of Andhra Pradesh. He was a 1997 Fellow of The National Academy of Sciences, India and had many scientific publications to his credit. A recipient of the Khwarizmi International Award in 1997, Habeebullah was honored by the Government of India, in 2001, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri. He died on 10 July 2010, falling to a cardiac arrest." + ] + ], + [ + "Bharat Ratna", + [ + "The Bharat Ratna (Hindi pronunciation: (bhaːrət̪ rət̪nə); Jewel of India) is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ``in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order '', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include`` any field of human endeavour'' in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. Recipients receive a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal - leaf -- shaped medallion; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of India", + [ + "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions." + ] + ], + [ + "Ashok Kumar Mago", + [ + "Ashok Kumar Mago is an Indian born American business person and the founder Chairman of Greater Dallas Indo American Chamber, now known as (US-INDIA Chamber of Commerce) who is known for his involvement of the Senate India caucus. He was awarded the Padma Shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the Government of India, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Milkha Singh", + [ + "Milkha Singh (birthdate, 8th Oct 1935), also known as The Flying Sikh, is an Indian former track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He was the only Indian athlete to win an individual athletics gold medal at a Commonwealth Games until Krishna Poonia won the discus gold medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements." + ] + ], + [ + "K. Shivaram Karanth", + [ + "Kota Shivaram Karanth (10 October 1902 – 9 December 1997) was an Indian polymath, who was a novelist in Kannada language, playwright and conservationist. Ramachandra Guha called him the \"Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India, who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence\". He was the third writer to be decorated with the Jnanpith Award for Kannada, the highest literary honor conferred in India. His son Ullas is a conservationist." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Chung", + [ + "Arthur Chung (January 10, 1918 -- June 23, 2008) was the first President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980. During his time as President of Guyana, the office was that of a ceremonial head of state, with real power in the hands of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. He was honoured with Guyana's highest national honour, the Order of Excellence (O.E.)." + ] + ], + [ + "Noboru Karashima", + [ + "Professor Karashima played a critical role in developing Indo-Japan cultural ties and was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2013, one of India's highest civilian award, for his contribution in the field of literature and education. In a rare gesture the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh handed over the award personally to Professor Karashima in Tokyo. He died of leukemia in November, 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Jai Pal Mittal", + [ + "Jai Pal Mittal is an Indian scientist, DAE Raja Ramanna Fellow of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Distinguished Professor of Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, the National Academy of Sciences, India and the University of Pune. He is known for his researches in the fields of photochemistry and radiation chemistry. He was honoured by the Government of India in 2003 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award." + ] + ], + [ + "M. G. Venkata Raghavan", + [ + "Mysore Govinda Rao Venkata Raghavan (born 14 May 1956) is an Indian Carnatic vocalist, playback singer, composer and actor. He was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasthi, the highhest civilian honour of the state of Karnataka, for his contribution towards Carnatic music." + ] + ], + [ + "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", + [ + "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam ( (listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour." + ] + ], + [ + "Lata Mangeshkar", + [ + "Lata Mangeshkar (pronunciation (help info)) (born 28 September 1929) is an Indian playback singer and occasional music composer. She is one of the best - known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over seven decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Hindi films and has sung songs in over thirty - six regional Indian languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Marathi and Hindi. She is the recipient of three National Film Awards, 12 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards and many more. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award was bestowed on her in 1989 by the Government of India. She is also the second vocalist, after M.S. Subbulakshmi, to have ever been awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2001, India's highest civilian honour. She has four siblings -- Asha Bhosle, Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar and Meena Mangeshkar -- of which she is the eldest." + ] + ], + [ + "John H. Ferrell", + [ + "John H. Ferrell (April 15, 1829 – April 17, 1900) was a civilian employee of the Union Navy during the American Civil War and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He is one of only eight civilians ever to receive the U.S. Medal of Honor." + ] + ], + [ + "Padmanabhan Balaram", + [ + "Padmanabhan Balaram is an Indian biochemist and a former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. He is a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Bhushan (2014) as well as the TWAS Prize (1994)." + ] + ], + [ + "R. Vasudevan", + [ + "R. Vasudevan was an Indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the Prime Minister of India (Rajiv Gandhi), as also Secretary, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Power, Government of India. Born in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in Economics from the University of Delhi and in public administration from Harvard University. He died on 25 July 2010. The Government of India honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award." + ] + ], + [ + "Nuchhungi Renthlei", + [ + "Nuchhungi Renthlei (1 January 1914 – 1 January 2002) was an Indian poet, singer and school teacher, known for her poems written in Mizo language. She was the founder of \"Girls' Auxiliary\", an organization for women's rights, which she founded in 1939. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1986." + ] + ], + [ + "Vishwanath Jadhav", + [ + "On 4 April 1952, Vishwanath was honoured by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya at Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "M. Visvesvaraya", + [ + "Sir Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya FASc also spelled as Sir Mokshagondam Visweswarayya, popularly known as Sir MV (15 September 1861 – 12 April 1962) was an Indian chief civil engineer, scholar, statesman, politician and the 19th Diwan of Mysore, who served from 1912 to 1919. He received India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the British Indian Empire (KCIE) by King George V for his contributions to the public good. 15 September is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India, Sri Lanka and Tanzania in his memory. He is held in high regard as a pre-eminent Engineer of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Lokesh Kumar Singhal", + [ + "Lokesh Kumar Singhal is an Indian metallurgical engineer known for his expertise in steel making and for the innovations he brought into the steelmaking industry in India. He was honored by the Government of India in 2012 with the fourth highest Indian civilian award, the Padma Shri." + ] + ], + [ + "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam", + [ + "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__622145_42197_18397", + "question": "Where did the arguer that Boris Lagutin's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ], + [ + "Boris Lagutin", + 0 + ], + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ], + [ + "Intellectual property", + [ + "The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) recognizes that conflicts may exist between the respect for and implementation of current intellectual property systems and other human rights. In 2001 the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued a document called \"Human rights and intellectual property\" that argued that intellectual property tends to be governed by economic goals when it should be viewed primarily as a social product; in order to serve human well-being, intellectual property systems must respect and conform to human rights laws. According to the Committee, when systems fail to do so they risk infringing upon the human right to food and health, and to cultural participation and scientific benefits. In 2004 the General Assembly of WIPO adopted The Geneva Declaration on the Future of the World Intellectual Property Organization which argues that WIPO should \"focus more on the needs of developing countries, and to view IP as one of many tools for development—not as an end in itself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "John, King of England", + [ + "John remained Lord of Ireland throughout his reign. He drew on the country for resources to fight his war with Philip on the continent. Conflict continued in Ireland between the Anglo-Norman settlers and the indigenous Irish chieftains, with John manipulating both groups to expand his wealth and power in the country. During Richard's rule, John had successfully increased the size of his lands in Ireland, and he continued this policy as king. In 1210 the king crossed into Ireland with a large army to crush a rebellion by the Anglo-Norman lords; he reasserted his control of the country and used a new charter to order compliance with English laws and customs in Ireland. John stopped short of trying to actively enforce this charter on the native Irish kingdoms, but historian David Carpenter suspects that he might have done so, had the baronial conflict in England not intervened. Simmering tensions remained with the native Irish leaders even after John left for England." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenians", + [ + "Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict. (See Recognition of the Armenian Genocide)" + ] + ], + [ + "American Civil War", + [ + "Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln's March 4, 1861, inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war. Speaking directly to the ``Southern States '', he attempted to calm their fears of any threats to slavery, reaffirming,`` I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.'' After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on ``King Cotton ''that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "War on Terror", + [ + "The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Glorious Revolution", + [ + "The Revolution permanently ended any chance of Catholicism becoming re-established in England. For British Catholics its effects were disastrous both socially and politically: Catholics were denied the right to vote and sit in the Westminster Parliament for over a century; they were also denied commissions in the army, and the monarch was forbidden to be Catholic or to marry a Catholic, this latter prohibition remaining in force until 2015. The Revolution led to limited tolerance for Nonconformist Protestants, although it would be some time before they had full political rights. It has been argued, mainly by Whig historians, that James's overthrow began modern English parliamentary democracy: the Bill of Rights 1689 has become one of the most important documents in the political history of Britain and never since has the monarch held absolute power." + ] + ], + [ + "Cuban War of Independence", + [ + "The Cuban War of Independence (, 1895–98) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians." + ] + ], + [ + "Boris Lagutin", + [ + "Boris Nikolayevich Lagutin () (born 24 June 1938 in Moscow) was possibly the most celebrated of Soviet boxers. During his career as a boxer, he has won 241 fights and lost only 11. He won medals in three Olympic Games, including two golds, in 1964 and 1968. Lagutin also won at European championships in 1961 and 1963 and at USSR championships in 1959, 1961–64 and 1968. Until 1967 Lagutin trained at VSS Trud, then - at VSS Spartak. During the period of failures, that followed the 1964 Olympics, Lagutin was removed from the USSR team roster. Along with his trainer Vladimir Trenin Lagutin managed to find causes of his losses and earned USSR and Olympic Champion titles again in 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Declaration of war by the United States", + [ + "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "Korea was ruled by Imperial Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces -- supported by the Soviet Union and China -- moved into the south on 25 June 1950. On 27 June, the United Nations Security Council authorized the formation and dispatch of UN forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion. Twenty - one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel." + ] + ], + [ + "Ogaden War", + [ + "As Somalia gained military strength, Ethiopia grew weaker. In September 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie had been overthrown by the Derg (the military council), marking a period of turmoil. The Derg quickly fell into internal conflict to determine who would have primacy. Meanwhile, various anti-Derg as well as separatist movements began throughout the country. The regional balance of power now favoured Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__89530_624859_355213_203322", + "question": "What county shares a border with the other county, that contains the city, where the singer of Hungry Eyes in the movie Dirty Dancing, was born?", + "answer": "Cabarrus County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cleveland, North Carolina", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hungry Eyes", + 0 + ], + [ + "Gold Hill, North Carolina", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)", + [ + "The Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Hungry Jack's", + [ + "Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd is the exclusive Australian master fast food franchise of Burger King Corporation. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Competitive Foods Australia, a privately held company owned by Jack Cowin. Hungry Jack's owns and operates or sub-licences all of the Burger King / Hungry Jack's restaurants in Australia. As the master franchise for the country, the company is responsible for licensing new operators, opening its own stores and performing standards oversight of franchised locations in that country. With over 390 locations across Australia, Hungry Jack's is the second largest franchise of Burger King in the world (second to Carrols Corporation)." + ] + ], + [ + "Adaba (woreda)", + [ + "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Dirty Dancing", + [ + "\"Dirty Dancing\" is based in large part on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor from New York and had spent summers with her family in the Catskills where she participated in \"Dirty Dancing\" competitions; she was also nicknamed \"Baby\" herself as a girl. In 1980, Bergstein wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film, \"It's My Turn\", however the producers cut an erotic dancing scene from the script, prompting her to conceive a new story that took inspiration from her youth dance competitions. In 1984, she pitched the idea to MGM executive Eileen Miselle, who liked it and teamed Bergstein with producer Linda Gottlieb. They set the film in 1963, with the character of Baby based on Bergstein's own life and the character of Johnny based on the stories of Michael Terrace, a dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985 while she was researching the story. She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script into turnaround, or limbo." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland, North Carolina", + [ + "Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "List of NFL nicknames", + [ + "Dirty Birds: The 1998 Atlanta Falcons (but is still a nickname for the Falcons). The name originates from an end zone dance started by Jamal Anderson that was adopted by all the players upon scoring." + ] + ], + [ + "Hungry Eyes", + [ + "``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing (1987). The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak at # 82 in January 1988, having charted purely on import sales." + ] + ], + [ + "Notogawa, Shiga", + [ + "Notogawa Station (Location: N35.179899,E136.165913) is the only Japan Railway station in Higashiomi. The station is a rapid stop on the JR Biwako Line, located between stations in Omi-Hachiman to the east and Hikone to the west. The town shares a small border with Lake Biwa to the northwest." + ] + ], + [ + "On the Good Ship Lollipop", + [ + "``On the Good Ship Lollipop ''was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple. Temple first sang it in the 1934 movie Bright Eyes. The song was composed by Richard A. Whiting and the lyrics were supplied by Sidney Clare." + ] + ], + [ + "Gold Hill, North Carolina", + [ + "Gold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Włodawa", + [ + "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of the United States", + [ + "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__584774_131926_87157", + "question": "What is the direction of flow of the body of water by the city where Uni-Systems is headquartered?", + "answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Minneapolis", + 0 + ], + [ + "Uni-Systems", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mississippi River", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Kathmandu", + [ + "The Bagmati River which flows through Kathmandu is considered a holy river both by Hindus and Buddhists, and many Hindu temples are located on the banks of this river. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The chief mourner (usually the first son) who lights the funeral pyre must take a holy riverwater bath immediately after cremation. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati River or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually." + ] + ], + [ + "Minneapolis", + [ + "Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city." + ] + ], + [ + "Toilet", + [ + "A typical flush toilet is a ceramic bowl (pan) connected on the ``up ''side to a cistern (tank) that enables rapid filling with water, and on the`` down'' side to a drain pipe that removes the effluent. When a toilet is flushed, the sewage should flow into a septic tank or into a system connected to a sewage treatment plant. However, in many developing countries, this treatment step does not take place." + ] + ], + [ + "Powwow Pond", + [ + "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts." + ] + ], + [ + "Niagara Falls", + [ + "The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at 225,000 cubic feet (6,400 m) per second. The average annual flow rate is 85,000 cubic feet (2,400 m) per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least 100,000 cubic feet (2,800 m) per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir -- the International Control Dam -- with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of 50,000 cubic feet (1,400 m) per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC)." + ] + ], + [ + "Petite Creuse", + [ + "The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities." + ] + ], + [ + "Rhine", + [ + "The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne (\"Rhine Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake." + ] + ], + [ + "Uni-Systems", + [ + "Uni-Systems, LLC is a design, construction, and manufacturing firm located in Minneapolis, Minnesota specializing in kinetic architecture, or movable, mechanized structures designed to adapt to individual structures’ needs. The firm has become particularly recognized for its design and installation of retractable roof systems on various sports stadiums across the United States; Uni-Systems has been involved in the construction of five of the seven sports stadiums incorporating retractable roofs in North America since 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "Shortgrass Library System", + [ + "The Shortgrass Library System consists of fourteen member public libraries in Southeast Alberta, Canada. The system headquarters is located in Medicine Hat. It has the distinction of being the first regional library system in the province of Alberta to have all eligible municipalities as members of a library system. Shortgrass was created by the Alberta government in 1988 as the fifth library system in the province." + ] + ], + [ + "Mamaroneck River", + [ + "The Mamaroneck River is a freshwater stream located in Southern Westchester County, New York. The river forms in White Plains and Harrison and flows south through Mamaroneck Town and Village, where it empties into Mamaroneck Harbor and Long Island Sound. The name of the river comes from a local native American word meaning, \"where the fresh water meets the salt water.\" The river flows into Long Island Sound." + ] + ], + [ + "Glacier", + [ + "A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaurivage River", + [ + "The Beaurivage River is a river in Quebec that flows from Thetford Mines and empties in the Chaudière River, near Saint-Romuald, Quebec. It is a body of water mostly known for its annual canoe race beginning at Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Quebec and finishing at Saint-Gilles, Quebec." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)", + [ + "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine." + ] + ], + [ + "Wapizagonke Lake", + [ + "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Contoocook Lake", + [ + "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire." + ] + ], + [ + "Mississippi River", + [ + "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake Michigan–Huron", + [ + "Lake Michigan -- Huron (also Huron -- Michigan) is the combined waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, which are joined through the 5 - mile (8.0 km) wide, 20 - fathom (120 ft; 37 m) deep, open - water Straits of Mackinac. Huron and Michigan are hydrologically a single lake because the flow of water through the straits keeps their water levels in near - equilibrium. (Although the flow is generally eastward, the water moves in either direction depending on local conditions.) Combined, Lake Michigan -- Huron is the largest fresh water lake by area in the world. If Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are considered two separate lakes, Lake Superior is larger than either." + ] + ], + [ + "Triglav National Park", + [ + "Triglav National Park (TNP) () is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From it the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively." + ] + ], + [ + "Holden (Verran)", + [ + "Holden is a lake in the municipality of Verran in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about west of the village of Malm and about north of the village of Follafoss. The lake has a dam on the southern end to control the water for hydroelectric power. The lake flows out into the Follaelva river which flows into the Trondheimsfjord at the village of Follafoss." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", + [ + "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__161273_92673", + "question": "Where is the pole the balloon was supposed to pass over located on the world map?", + "answer": "latitude 90 ° North", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "North Pole", + 0 + ], + [ + "Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "William Charles Campbell", + [ + "Captain William Charles Campbell, (27 April 1889 – 26 February 1958), was a World War I fighter pilot of Scots heritage who was credited with 23 victories. Serving with No. 1 Squadron during 1917, he was a notable balloon buster, being the first British ace to down five enemy observation balloons. He also claimed eleven aircraft destroyed, and seven (including two shared) 'driven down out of control'." + ] + ], + [ + "Sullivan Peaks", + [ + "Sullivan Peaks is a pair of sharp peaks in Antarctica, over 1,400 m, on a spur descending from Pierce Peak on the north side of Mackin Table, in the Patuxent Range, Pensacola Mountains. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Ronald C. Sullivan of the U.S. Navy, who was the officer in charge of the South Pole Station during the winter of 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "Marcel Nogues", + [ + "Sous Lieutenant Marcel Joseph Maurice Nogues was a World War I flying ace credited with thirteen aerial victories. He was an ace over enemy observation balloons, as well as enemy airplanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Jumping Flash!", + [ + "The game is composed of six worlds with three levels each, totalling to 18 main levels. The objective of the main levels in each world is to collect four jet pods. Each final level of a world consists of a boss fight. The level designs vary from snow - capped mountains to carnivals. While most of the levels are large, outdoor excursions, two are enclosed within a narrow interior. The game features hidden bonus levels, which are triggered when secret entrances are found. Bonus levels consist of blocks with balloons in them; popping the balloons yields either coins or power - ups. A time attack mode is available for any level the player has completed." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 Monaco Grand Prix", + [ + "Kimi Räikkönen started the race from pole position, his first since the 2008 French Grand Prix. In doing so, he broke Giancarlo Fisichella's record for the most race starts between pole positions, with one hundred and twenty - nine starts since his last pole. Sebastian Vettel won the race, Ferrari's first win in Monaco since 2001. Räikkönen finished second as this was Ferrari's first 1 -- 2 finish since 2010 German Grand Prix. Daniel Ricciardo finished third. With the result, Vettel extended his Drivers' Championship lead over Lewis Hamilton, while in the World Constructors' Championship, Ferrari reclaimed the points lead from Mercedes." + ] + ], + [ + "International Date Line", + [ + "The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of navigation on the surface of the Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180 ° line of longitude but deviating to pass around some territories and island groups." + ] + ], + [ + "Jenkins Heights", + [ + "The Jenkins Heights () are a broad ice-covered area rising over and covering some , located south of McClinton Glacier and west of Mount Bray on the Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–66, and were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Charles Jenkins, a geophysicist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Station Scientific Leader at South Pole Station in the winter party of 1974." + ] + ], + [ + "Lutz Hill", + [ + "Lutz Hill is a hill rising to about southeast of The Tooth in the Kyle Hills of Ross Island, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2000 after electrical engineer Larry F. Lutz of the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, a specialist in the development of scientific research instrumentation for ground-based, balloon, and rocket sounding programs for the United States Antarctic Program. Lutz spent 17 summer seasons at McMurdo Station, South Pole Station, and Siple Station in the years 1980–2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Antarctica", + [ + "Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which derived the Old French pole antartike (modern pôle antarctique) attested in 1270, and from there the Middle English pol antartik in a 1391 technical treatise by Geoffrey Chaucer (modern Antarctic Pole)." + ] + ], + [ + "Farbo Glacier", + [ + "Farbo Glacier () is a tributary glacier which drains northeastward and enters the Land Glacier west of Mount McCoy, on the coast of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1959–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Richard R. Farbo, a U.S. Navy equipment operator who wintered-over in Antarctica on three expeditions of Operation Deep Freeze. He was at McMurdo Station in 1959 and 1965, and the South Pole Station in 1969." + ] + ], + [ + "Distribution of lightning", + [ + "The map on the right shows that lightning is not distributed evenly around the planet. About 70% of lightning occurs on land in the Tropics, where the majority of thunderstorms occur. The north and south poles and the areas over the oceans have the fewest lightning strikes. The place where lightning occurs most often (according to the data from 2004 to 2005) is near the small village of Kifuka in the mountains of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the elevation is around 975 metres (3,200 ft). This region received 158 lightning strikes per 1 square kilometer (409 per sq mi) a year." + ] + ], + [ + "Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom", + [ + "The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 led to a suspension of all politics, including the militant suffragette campaigns. Lobbying did take place quietly. In 1918, a coalition government passed the Representation of the People Act 1918, enfranchising all men, as well as all women over the age of 30 who met minimum property qualifications. In 1928, the Conservative government passed the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act giving the vote to all women over the age of 21 on equal terms with men." + ] + ], + [ + "North Pole", + [ + "The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90 ° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Chinese Grand Prix", + [ + "Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton was the defending race winner. Sebastian Vettel entered the round with a seventeen - point lead over Hamilton in the World Drivers' Championship. His team, Ferrari, led Mercedes by ten points in the World Constructors' Championship. Vettel qualified on pole position, and in doing so recorded Ferrari's first pole position in China in fourteen years. Daniel Ricciardo won the race ahead of Valtteri Bottas and Kimi Räikkönen. Vettel's championship lead was cut to nine points when he finished in eighth place, the result of contact with Max Verstappen late in the race." + ] + ], + [ + "Crossover Pass", + [ + "Crossover Pass is a pass between Gordon Glacier and Cornwall Glacier in the central part of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and so named because this pass, together with Gordon and Cornwall Glaciers, provides a sledging route across the Shackleton Range from north to south." + ] + ], + [ + "Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition", + [ + "Salomon August Andrée shared these enthusiasms, and proposed a plan for letting the wind propel a hydrogen balloon from Svalbard across the Arctic Sea to the Bering Strait, to fetch up in Alaska, Canada, or Russia, and passing near or even right over the North Pole on the way. Andrée was an engineer at the patent office in Stockholm, with a passion for ballooning." + ] + ], + [ + "A Frozen Dream", + [ + "A Frozen Dream (\"En frusen dröm\") is a documentary film released in 1997 as a followup to the 1982 Swedish movie \"Flight of the Eagle\", both directed by Jan Troell. The documentary describes the ill-fated attempt to fly over the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon by Salomon August Andrée in 1897." + ] + ], + [ + "Havola Escarpment", + [ + "Havola Escarpment is an isolated, snow-covered escarpment about northwest of the Thiel Mountains in Antarctica. The escarpment is arc shaped, 30 nautical miles long, and faces south. It was observed and mapped by the United States Antarctic Research Program Horlick Mountains Traverse party, 1958–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Major Antero Havola, US Army, the leader of the 700 nautical mile tractor traverse from Byrd Station to South Pole Station from December 8, 1960 to January 11, 1961. On December 25, 1960, the Havola party passed a few miles northward of this escarpment." + ] + ], + [ + "Max Näther", + [ + "Leutnant Max Näther (24 August 1899 – 8 January 1919) Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross, was a German World War I ace fighter pilot noted for the destruction of ten enemy observation balloons and sixteen aircraft. He was probably the youngest German ace in World War I." + ] + ], + [ + "Gallen Nunatak", + [ + "Gallen Nunatak () is a nunatak on the south side of Balchunas Pass, northwest of Putzke Peak, in the McCuddin Mountains of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–69, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Kevin P. Gallen, Civil Engineer Corps, U.S. Navy, Officer-in-Charge of South Pole Station, 1971." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__21282_692112_214799_259594", + "question": "What is the abbreviation for Angela Merkel's original home country that once had border troops called the Deutsche Grenzpolizei?", + "answer": "GDR", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + 0 + ], + [ + "Angela Merkel", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Sun (United Kingdom)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Give My Love to Rose", + [ + "Give My Love to Rose is a country song by Johnny Cash, which he recorded together with the Tennessee Two at Sun Records under the production of Sam Phillips in 1957. The song was released in August of the same year as the B - side of the single ``Home of the Blues ''(Sun 279), which reached No. 3 in the Country Jockey charts and No. 5 in the Country & Western Chart.`` Give My Love To Rose'' reached No. 13 in the Country & Western Chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Cascade City", + [ + "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada", + [ + "Canada (/ ˈkænədə / (listen); French: (kanadɑ)) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second - largest country by total area and the fourth - largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium - sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its five largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary and Ottawa." + ] + ], + [ + "Literature of East Germany", + [ + "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "Namibia (i/nəˈmɪbiə/, /næˈ-/), officially the Republic of Namibia (German: Republik Namibia (help·info); Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië) is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates it from that country. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations." + ] + ], + [ + "Germany", + [ + "Germany has a network of 227 diplomatic missions abroad and maintains relations with more than 190 countries. As of 2011, Germany is the largest contributor to the budget of the European Union (providing 20%) and the third largest contributor to the UN (providing 8%). Germany is a member of NATO, the OECD, the G8, the G20, the World Bank and the IMF. It has played an influential role in the European Union since its inception and has maintained a strong alliance with France and all neighbouring countries since 1990. Germany promotes the creation of a more unified European political, economic and security apparatus.The development policy of Germany is an independent area of foreign policy. It is formulated by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and carried out by the implementing organisations. The German government sees development policy as a joint responsibility of the international community. It was the world's third biggest aid donor in 2009 after the United States and France.In 1999, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's government defined a new basis for German foreign policy by taking part in the NATO decisions surrounding the Kosovo War and by sending German troops into combat for the first time since 1945. The governments of Germany and the United States are close political allies. Cultural ties and economic interests have crafted a bond between the two countries resulting in Atlanticism." + ] + ], + [ + "Angela Merkel", + [ + "Merkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizière in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the protégée of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Schäuble." + ] + ], + [ + "Ira Madiyama", + [ + "\"Ira Madiyama (August Sun)\" is set in Sri Lanka during the mid-1990s and tells three simultaneous stories against the backdrop of the country's savage civil war (1983 – 2009)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Sun (United Kingdom)", + [ + "The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as \"frogs\", \"krauts\" or \"hun\". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded \"le Worm\". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline \"I'm Big in the Bumdestag\" (17 April 2006)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Sun (United Kingdom)", + [ + "Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are \"snobs\" who want to \"impose their tastes on everyone else\", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a \"popular idea\", would have to \"go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour\". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are \"giving the public what they want\". This conclusion is disputed by critics. John Pilger has said that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror, which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia, not only outsold The Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun." + ] + ], + [ + "Foreign relations of France", + [ + "François Mitterrand, a Socialist, emphasized European unity and the preservation of France's special relationships with its former colonies in the face of ``Anglo - Saxon influence. ''A part of the enacted policies was formulated in the Socialist Party's 110 Propositions for France, the electoral program for the 1981 presidential election. He had a warm and effective relationship with the conservative German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. They promoted French - German bilateralism in Europe And strengthened military cooperation between the two countries." + ] + ], + [ + "North Korea", + [ + "North Korea (Korean: ; MR: \"Chosŏn\" or literally ; MR: \"Pukchosŏn\"), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or DPR Korea; Korean: , \"Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk\"), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with Pyongyang the capital and the largest city in the country. To the north and northwest, the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in Chinese) and Tumen rivers and to the south it is bordered by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two. Nevertheless, North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands." + ] + ], + [ + "Spain", + [ + "Spain (Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa] (listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory also includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory. The country's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Erewhon Revisited", + [ + "Erewhon Revisited Twenty Years Later, Both by the Original Discoverer of the Country and by His Son (1901) is a satirical novel by Samuel Butler, forming a belated sequel to his \"Erewhon\" (1872). \"The Cambridge History of English and American Literature\" judges that it \"has less of the free imaginative play of its predecessor…but, in sharp brilliance of wit and criticism, in intellectual unity and coherence, it surpasses \"Erewhon\"\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große", + [ + "Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf." + ] + ], + [ + "Iron Curtain", + [ + "The Iron Curtain took physical shape in the form of border defenses between the countries of western and eastern Europe. These were some of the most heavily militarised areas in the world, particularly the so - called ``inner German border ''-- commonly known as die Grenze in German -- between East and West Germany. The inner German border was marked in rural areas by double fences made of steel mesh (expanded metal) with sharp edges, while near urban areas a high concrete barrier similar to the Berlin Wall was built. The installation of the Wall in 1961 brought an end to a decade during which the divided capital of divided Germany was one of the easiest places to move west across the Iron Curtain." + ] + ], + [ + "Konrad Adenauer", + [ + "Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (German: (ˈkɔnʁaːt ˈhɛɐ̯man ˈjoːzəf ˈaːdəˌnaʊ̯ɐ) (listen); 5 January 1876 -- 19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He led his country from the ruins of World War II to a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity (``Wirtschaftswunder '', German for`` economic miracle''). He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became one of the most influential parties in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Liechtenstein", + [ + "Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north. It is Europe's fourth-smallest country, with an area of just over 160 square kilometres (62 square miles) and a population of 37,877. Divided into 11 municipalities, its capital is Vaduz, and its largest municipality is Schaan. It is also the smallest country to border two countries.Economically, Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity. It was once known as a billionaire tax haven, but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries (see taxation section)." + ] + ], + [ + "Canton of Zürich", + [ + "The canton of Zürich ( ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populated canton in the country.. Its capital is the city of Zürich. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called \"Züritüütsch\", is commonly spoken. In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut." + ] + ], + [ + "Zacuscă", + [ + "Zacuscă () is a vegetable spread popular in Romania. Similar spreads are found in other countries throughout, or bordering, the Balkans." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__617062_127905_48717", + "question": "Who was the second pick in the 1999 draft of the league Jim Wilson played in?", + "answer": "Josh Beckett", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "1999 Major League Baseball draft", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Cleveland Browns", + [ + "The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Browns compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The Browns play their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium, which opened in 1999, with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea, Ohio. The Browns' official colors are brown, orange and white. They are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets and are the only team named after a specific person, original coach Paul Brown." + ] + ], + [ + "2017–18 NBA season", + [ + "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball draft", + [ + "The first amateur draft was held in 1965. Unlike most sports drafts, the first - year player draft is held mid-season, in June. Another distinguishing feature of this draft in comparison with those of other North American major professional sports leagues is its sheer size: under the current collective bargaining agreement the draft lasts 40 rounds, plus compensatory picks. In contrast, the NFL draft lasts for seven rounds (a maximum of 256 selections), the NHL entry draft lasts seven rounds and roughly 215 picks, and the NBA draft lasts for only two rounds (60 selections)." + ] + ], + [ + "Yao Ming", + [ + "Yao was pressured to enter the NBA draft in 1999 by Li Yaomin, the deputy general manager of the Shanghai Sharks. Li also influenced Yao to sign a contract for Evergreen Sports Inc. to serve as his agent. The agreement entitled Evergreen to 33% of Yao's earnings, but the contract was later determined to be invalid.When Yao decided to enter the 2002 NBA draft, a group of advisers was formed that came to be known as \"Team Yao\". The team consisted of Yao's negotiator, Erik Zhang; his NBA agent, Bill Duffy; his Chinese agent, Lu Hao; University of Chicago economics professor John Huizinga; and the vice president for marketing at BDA Sports Management, Bill Sanders. Yao was widely predicted to be picked number one overall. However, some teams were concerned about Yao's NBA eligibility because of uncertainty over whether the CBA would let Yao play in the United States.Shortly after Wang Zhizhi refused to return to China to play for the national team and was subsequently banned from playing for China, the CBA stipulated that Yao would have to return to play for the national team. They also said they would not let him go to the United States unless the Houston Rockets would take him first overall. After assurances from Team Yao that the Rockets would draft Yao with their number one pick, the CBA gave permission on the morning of the draft for Yao to play in the U.S. When the Rockets selected Yao with the first pick of the draft, he became the first international player ever to be selected first overall without having previously played U.S. college basketball." + ] + ], + [ + "List of first overall WNBA draft picks", + [ + "The Women's National Basketball Association's first overall pick is the player who is selected first among all eligible draftees by a team during the annual Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) Draft. The first pick is awarded to the team that wins the WNBA draft lottery; in most cases, that team had a losing record in the previous season." + ] + ], + [ + "1999 Major League Baseball draft", + [ + "Pick Player Team Position School Josh Hamilton Tampa Bay Devil Rays OF Athens Drive HS (Raleigh, North Carolina) Josh Beckett Florida Marlins Spring HS (Spring, Texas) Eric Munson Detroit Tigers University of Southern California Corey Myers Arizona Diamondbacks SS Desert Vista HS (Phoenix, Arizona) 5 B.J. Garbe Minnesota Twins OF, P Moses Lake HS (Moses Lake, Washington) 6 Josh Girdley Montreal Expos Jasper HS (Jasper, Texas) 7 Kyle Snyder Kansas City Royals University of North Carolina 8 Bobby Bradley Pittsburgh Pirates Wellington Community HS (Wellington, Florida) 9 Barry Zito Oakland Athletics University of Southern California 10 Ben Sheets Milwaukee Brewers Northeast Louisiana University 11 Ryan Christianson Seattle Mariners Arlington HS (Riverside, California) 12 Brett Myers Philadelphia Phillies Englewood Senior HS (Jacksonville, Florida) 13 Mike Paradis Baltimore Orioles Clemson University 14 Ty Howington Cincinnati Reds Hudson's Bay HS (Vancouver, Washington) 15 Jason Stumm Chicago White Sox Centralia HS (Centralia, Washington) 16 Jason Jennings Colorado Rockies Baylor University 17 Rick Asadoorian Boston Red Sox OF Northbridge HS (Whitinsville, Massachusetts) 18 Richard Stahl Baltimore Orioles Newton County HS (Covington, Georgia) 19 Alex Ríos Toronto Blue Jays OF San Pedro Martin HS (Guaynabo, PR) 20 Vince Faison San Diego Padres OF Toombs County HS (Lyons, Georgia) 21 Larry Bigbie Baltimore Orioles OF Ball State University 22 Matt Ginter Chicago White Sox Mississippi State University 23 Keith Reed Baltimore Orioles OF Providence College 24 Kurt Ainsworth San Francisco Giants Louisiana State University 25 Mike MacDougal Kansas City Royals Wake Forest University 26 Ben Christensen Chicago Cubs Wichita State University 27 David Walling New York Yankees University of Arkansas 28 Gerik Baxter San Diego Padres Edmonds Woodway HS (Edmonds, Washington) 29 Omar Ortíz San Diego Padres University of Texas - Pan American 30 Chance Caple St. Louis Cardinals Texas A&M University" + ] + ], + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + [ + "He was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Zack Wheeler", + [ + "Zachary Harrison Wheeler (born May 30, 1990) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the San Francisco Giants with the sixth overall pick in the 2009 MLB Draft. Wheeler was then traded to the Mets in 2011, and made his major league debut with the team in 2013. Prior to being drafted he attended East Paulding High School in Dallas, Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "NBA draft lottery", + [ + "Under the current rules, only the top three picks are decided by the lottery, and are chosen from the 14 teams that do not make the playoffs. The team with the worst record, or the team that holds the draft rights of the team with the worst record, has the best chance to obtain a higher draft pick. After the top three positions are selected (from the lottery slotting system), the remainder of the first - round draft order is in inverse order of the win - loss record for the remaining teams, or the teams who originally held the lottery rights if they were traded. The lottery does not determine the draft order in the subsequent rounds of the draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Tim Costo", + [ + "Costo was a first round draft pick (8th overall) in the 1990 Amateur Draft. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians. He had a nine-year minor League career, in the farm system for the Indians, the Cincinnati Reds, the St. Louis Cardinals, and the Toronto Blue Jays. He lives in Chattanooga, Tennessee where he is the Head Baseball coach at The McCallie School." + ] + ], + [ + "Clay Matthews Jr.", + [ + "Matthews was drafted by the Browns out of the University of Southern California with the 12th pick in the first round of the 1978 NFL Draft. Clay was a four - time Pro Bowler for Cleveland and was a cornerstone of the defense for well over a decade. In 1984, Clay recorded 12.0 sacks. He was present at the infamous Browns playoff losses known as Red Right 88, The Drive, and The Fumble, that kept some very good teams from appearing in a Super Bowl. One of his most memorable moments as a Brown was in a playoff game against the Bills on January 6, 1990. Jim Kelly and the high flying Bills offense came to Cleveland for a memorable shootout. With only seconds left in the 4th quarter and clinging to a 34 - 30 lead, Matthews intercepted a Kelly pass on the Brown's two yard line to seal a Cleveland victory. After the 1993 season, Clay became an Atlanta Falcon. In 1995 at the age of 39, Matthews started all 16 games for the Falcons. He was also the oldest player to record a sack at 40 years, 282 days. Matthews was one of the first players to negotiate a large contract going into the NFL." + ] + ], + [ + "Ted Laurent", + [ + "Ted Laurent (born January 1, 1988) is a Canadian football defensive lineman who is currently a member of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted in the second round in the 2011 CFL supplemental draft, costing the Edmonton Eskimos a second round draft choice in the 2012 CFL Draft. He signed with the team on June 2, 2011. He played college football with the Ole Miss Rebels. He was awarded the Lew Hayman Trophy in 2014 for being the most outstanding Canadian player in the East Division." + ] + ], + [ + "Mitchell Trubisky", + [ + "Mitchell David Trubisky (born August 20, 1994) is an American football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at North Carolina, and was drafted by the Bears with the second overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Victor Oladipo", + [ + "Kehinde Babatunde Victor Oladipo (born May 4, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Indiana Hoosiers, where he was named the \"Sporting News\" Men's College Basketball Player of the Year, the Co-NABC Defensive Player of the Year, and a first-team All-American by the USBWA and \"Sporting News\". That year he was also named the winner of the Adolph Rupp Trophy, given annually to the top player in men's NCAA Division I basketball. Oladipo was drafted with the second overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Orlando Magic and went on to be named to the NBA All-Rookie first team. He was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2016, and then traded to the Pacers in 2017. He became a first-time NBA All-Star, led the league in steals, was named to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Third Team, and won the NBA Most Improved Player Award in his first season with Indiana. Despite an injury-riddled 2018–19 season, including a season-ending injury in January 2019, Oladipo was named an Eastern Conference reserve for the second year in a row." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 NHL Entry Draft", + [ + "Since the 2012 -- 13 NHL season all teams not qualifying for the Stanley Cup playoffs have a ``weighted ''chance at winning the first overall selection. Beginning with the 2014 -- 15 NHL season the NHL changed the weighting system that was used in previous years. Under the new system the odds of winning the draft lottery for the four lowest finishing teams in the league decreased, while the odds for the other non-playoff teams increased. The first three picks overall in this draft were awarded by lottery. The odds of winning the second and third draws increased on a proportional basis depending on which team won the previous draw. In the 2017 draft lottery, the expansion Vegas Golden Knights had the same odds of winning the lottery as the team that finished with the third fewest points in the 2016 -- 17 NHL season (this ended up being the Arizona Coyotes). Vegas earned the lowest possible pick that they could receive, and selected sixth overall in the first - round and third in each subsequent round of this draft. The New Jersey Devils, Philadelphia Flyers, and Dallas Stars won the draft lotteries that took place on April 29, 2017, giving them the first, second and third picks overall. New Jersey moved up four spots to earn the first selection, while Philadelphia and Dallas moved up from the thirteenth and eighth spots, respectively. In the process, the Colorado Avalanche, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, and Arizona Coyotes were each knocked down three places from first, second, third and fourth overall, respectively, while the Buffalo Sabres and Detroit Red Wings dropped two spots and the Florida Panthers, Los Angeles Kings, Carolina Hurricanes, and Winnipeg Jets each dropped one place." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Irrelevant", + [ + "Mr. Irrelevant is the title bestowed each year upon the last pick of the annual National Football League draft. Although the NFL Draft dates back to 1936, the first person to officially be given the ``Mr. Irrelevant ''title was Kelvin Kirk, pick number 487 of the 1976 draft. The current Mr. Irrelevant is Trey Quinn, former wide receiver for the SMU Mustangs football team, who was picked 256th by the Washington Redskins in the 2018 draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + [ + "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams." + ] + ], + [ + "Lowell Palmer", + [ + "Lowell Raymond Palmer (born August 18, 1947 in Sacramento, California) is a retired American Major League Baseball pitcher. The right-hander was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1st round (6th pick) of the 1966 amateur draft (Secondary Phase). He played for the Phillies (1969–1971), St. Louis Cardinals (1972), Cleveland Indians (1972), and San Diego Padres (1974). Palmer was called up to the Phillies after posting a 36–17 record in 3 minor league seasons, with 534 strikeouts in 516 innings pitched, and made his major league debut on June 21, 1969." + ] + ], + [ + "2017–18 NBA season", + [ + "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →" + ] + ], + [ + "LeBron James", + [ + "LeBron James James with the Cavaliers in 2017 No. 23 -- Cleveland Cavaliers Position Small forward League NBA (1984 - 12 - 30) December 30, 1984 (age 33) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) Listed weight 250 lb (113 kg) Career information High school St. Vincent -- St. Mary (Akron, Ohio) NBA draft 2003 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1st overall Selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers Playing career 2003 -- present Career history 2003 -- 2010 Cleveland Cavaliers 2010 -- 2014 Miami Heat 2014 -- present Cleveland Cavaliers Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2012, 2013, 2016) 3 × NBA Finals MVP (2012, 2013, 2016) 4 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013) 14 × NBA All - Star (2005 -- 2018) 3 × NBA All - Star Game MVP (2006, 2008, 2018) 11 × All - NBA First Team (2006, 2008 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2005, 2007) 5 × NBA All - Defensive First Team (2009 -- 2013) NBA All - Defensive Second Team (2014) NBA Rookie of the Year (2004) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2004) NBA scoring champion (2008) J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award (2017) 2 × AP Athlete of the Year (2013, 2016) 2 × Sports Illustrated Sportsperson of the Year (2012, 2016) USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year (2012) 2 × Mr. Basketball USA (2002, 2003) Naismith Prep Player of the Year (2003) McDonald's All - American Game MVP (2003) 3 × Ohio Mr. Basketball (2001 -- 2003) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing the United States Olympic Games 2008 Beijing Team 2012 London Team 2004 Athens Team FIBA World Championship 2006 Japan FIBA Americas Championship 2007 Las Vegas" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__77966_91191_156667", + "question": "Who was the spouse of the first convert to the faith that is the most common religion in Lebanon?", + "answer": "Khawlah bint Ja'far", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ali", + 0 + ], + [ + "Identity of the first male Muslim", + 0 + ], + [ + "Religion in Lebanon", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Huguenots", + [ + "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation needed] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled in a small island. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian Native Americans. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured part of the Huguenots. The Portuguese threatened the prisoners with death if they did not convert to Catholicism. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced a declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith, became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in Israel", + [ + "Religion in Israel is a central feature of the country and plays a major role in shaping Israeli culture and lifestyle. Religion has played a central role in Israel's history. Israel is also the only country in the world where a majority of citizens are Jewish. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the population in 2011 was 75.4% Jewish, 20.6% Arab, and 4.1% minority groups. The religious affiliation of the Israeli population as of 2019 was 74.2% Jewish, 17.8% Muslim, 2.0% Christian, and 1.6% Druze, with the remaining 4.4% including faiths such as Samaritanism and Baha'iism, and irreligious people with no faith.Israel does not have a constitution. While the Basic Laws of Israel that serve in place of a constitution define the country as a \"Jewish state\", these Basic Laws, coupled with Knesset statutes, decisions of the Supreme Court of Israel, and various elements of the common law current in Israel, offer some protection for free practice of religion in the country. Pew Research Center has identified Israel as one of the countries that places \"high\" restrictions on religion, and there have been limits placed on non-Orthodox streams of Judaism. Legal accommodation of the non-Jewish communities follows the pattern and practice of the Ottoman and British administrations, with some important modifications. Israeli law officially recognizes five religions, all belonging to the Abrahamic family of religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Druzeism, and the Bahá'í Faith. Furthermore, the law formally recognizes ten separate sects of Christianity: the Roman, Armenian, Maronite, Greek, Syriac, and Chaldean Catholic Churches; the Eastern Orthodox Greek Orthodox Church; the Oriental Orthodox Syriac Orthodox Church; the Armenian Apostolic Church; and Anglicanism." + ] + ], + [ + "2011 Census of India", + [ + "The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths - Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while`` other religions, persuasions'' (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths - 4.957 million - strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million - strong Gond, 506,000 - strong Sari, Donyi - Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Darcy", + [ + "Fitzwilliam Darcy Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet by C.E. Brock (1895) She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me. Full name Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy Gender Male Age 28 Income £10,000 + / year (equivalent to £600,000 in 2016) Primary residence Pemberley, near Lambton, Derbyshire Family Spouse (s) Elizabeth Bennet Romantic interest (s) Elizabeth Bennet Parents Mr. Darcy and Lady Anne Darcy (née Fitzwilliam) Sibling (s) Georgiana Darcy" + ] + ], + [ + "List of Mike & Molly characters", + [ + "Molly Flynn - Biggs First appearance ``Pilot ''1x01, September 20, 2010 Last appearance`` I See Love'' 6x13, May 16, 2016 Portrayed by Melissa McCarthy Information Gender Female Occupation 4th Grade Schoolteacher (Prior to Season 1 - Season 4), Writer (Season 4 - Present) Family Joyce Flynn - Moranto (mother) Mr Flynn (father; deceased) Victoria Flynn (Younger Sister) Vince Moranto (step - father) Spouse (s) Mike Biggs Children William Michael Biggs (Adopted Son) Unborn Child (expecting with Mike) Relatives Peggy Biggs (mother - in - law) Jack Biggs (father - in - law) Religion Roman Catholic Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "God", + [ + "There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one \"true\" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, \"He Who Is\", \"I Am that I Am\", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, \"Al-El\", or \"Al-Elah\" (\"the God\") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism." + ] + ], + [ + "List of 24 characters", + [ + "Teri Bauer 24 character Leslie Hope as Teri Bauer First appearance Day 1 -- Episode 1 Last appearance Day 1 -- Episode 24 Portrayed by Leslie Hope Days Information Spouse (s) Jack Bauer Children Kim Bauer" + ] + ], + [ + "Separation of church and state in the United States", + [ + "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism." + ] + ], + [ + "Izzie Stevens", + [ + "Dr. Izzie Stevens Grey's Anatomy character The Season 6 Promotional Photo of Katherine Heigl as Dr. Izzie Stevens First appearance ``A Hard Day's Night ''(1.01) March 27, 2005 Last appearance`` I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked'' (6.12) January 21, 2010 Created by Shonda Rhimes Portrayed by Katherine Heigl Information Full name Isobel Katherine Stevens Title M.D. Family Robbie Stevens (Mother) Hannah Klein (Daughter) Spouse (s) Alex Karev (divorced) Significant other (s) Hank Denny Duquette (fiancé, deceased) George O'Malley (deceased) Alex Karev (divorced) Religion Catholicism" + ] + ], + [ + "Zeus", + [ + "Zeus (/ zj uː s /; Greek: Ζεύς Zeús (zdeǔ̯s)) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo - European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin." + ] + ], + [ + "Eswatini", + [ + "83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families." + ] + ], + [ + "Ali", + [ + "Ali had four children with Fatimah: Hasan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Zaynab bint Ali and Umm Kulthum bint Ali. His other well-known sons were al-Abbas ibn Ali, born to Fatima binte Hizam (Um al-Banin), and Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was Ali's son from another wife from the Bani Hanifa tribe of central Arabia named Khawlah bint Ja'far, whom Ali had married after Fatimah's death." + ] + ], + [ + "Slavs", + [ + "Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning \"practicer of a common Slavic religion,\" and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós \"population, people,\" which itself has no commonly accepted etymology. Meanwhile, others have pointed out that the suffix -enin indicates a man from a certain place, which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava, possibly a river name. The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907–1986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene." + ] + ], + [ + "Egypt", + [ + "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank." + ] + ], + [ + "August 2013 Tripoli bombing", + [ + "On 23 August 2013 two mosques were bombed in Tripoli, Lebanon. 47 people were killed and five hundred more injured in what has been called the \"biggest and deadliest\" bombing in Tripoli since the end of Lebanon's Civil War. and the bombings are widely considered to be part of the spillover of the Syrian Civil War into Lebanon." + ] + ], + [ + "Identity of the first male Muslim", + [ + "One account in Tabari says that the first male convert is Zayd ibn Harithah, a freed slave who had become Muhammad's adopted son. It is known that Ali is the first person to convert to Islam, however some dispute this arguing he was only 12 years old at the time he embraced Islam." + ] + ], + [ + "William Jennings Bryan", + [ + "William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 -- July 26, 1925) was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. He also served in the United States House of Representatives and as the United States Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, he was often called ``The Great Commoner ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Apostolic Faith Church", + [ + "The founder of the Apostolic Faith Church was Florence L. Crawford. Crawford was a participant in the Azusa Street Revival. This revival began in 1906 at the Apostolic Faith Mission in Los Angeles. The Azusa Street Mission, as it was called, quickly became the center of the Apostolic Faith movement mainly through the publication of The Apostolic Faith newspaper. Seymour appointed Crawford as the state director of the Pacific Coast Apostolic Faith movement where she would help other missions and churches join the movement. Crawford's break with Seymour was complete by 1911. She began an independent work in Portland, Oregon, with the same name as Seymour's mission and most of the churches under her supervision followed her." + ] + ], + [ + "Rachel Berry", + [ + "Rachel Berry Glee character Lea Michele as Rachel Berry First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Dreams Come True'' Created by Ryan Murphy Brad Falchuk Ian Brennan Portrayed by Lea Michele Information Occupation Actress Singer Formerly: High school student College student Waitress Co-director of the glee club Family Hiram Berry (father) LeRoy Berry (father) Shelby Corcoran (biological mother) Beth Corcoran (adoptive sister) Spouse (s) Jesse St. James (husband) Significant other (s) Finn Hudson (ex-fiancé, deceased) Brody Weston (ex-boyfriend) Noah Puckerman (ex-boyfriend) Sam Evans (ex-boyfriend) Religion Jewish Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in Lebanon", + [ + "Lebanon has several different main religions. The country has the most religiously diverse society of all states within the Middle East, comprising 18 recognized religious sects. The main two religions are Islam (Shia and Sunni) with 54% of followers and Christianity (the Maronite Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church) with 40.4% of followers. There is also the Druze minority religion, which under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__88342_49853_128008_80286", + "question": "Who has the most hits in the league whose member team has the most wins of the championship series which proceeds the MVP award?", + "answer": "Pete Rose", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + 0 + ], + [ + "World Series", + 0 + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Tom Brady", + [ + "Brady has been honored with four Super Bowl MVP awards (Super Bowl XXXVI, XXXVIII, XLIX, and LI), the most ever by a single player, has won two league MVP awards (2007 and 2010), has been selected to 12 Pro Bowls, and has led his team to more division titles (14) than any other quarterback in NFL history. As of the end of the 2016 season, Brady is fourth all - time in career passing yards, fourth in career touchdown passes, and third in career passer rating. His career postseason record is 25 -- 9, winning more playoff games than any other quarterback, and he has appeared in more playoff games than any player at any position. Brady has never had a losing season as a starting quarterback in the NFL. His combined regular - season and postseason wins are also the most of any quarterback in NFL history. Because of his accomplishments and accolades, many analysts and sportswriters consider Brady to be among the greatest quarterbacks of all time. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest ``steal ''in the history of the NFL Draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters." + ] + ], + [ + "Ichiro Suzuki", + [ + "Ichiro Suzuki / ˈiːtʃɪroʊ suːˈzuːki / (鈴木一朗, Suzuki Ichirō, born October 22, 1973), often referred to mononymously as Ichiro (イチロー, Ichirō), is a Japanese professional baseball outfielder. With 27 seasons combined in top - level professional leagues, he spent the bulk of his career with two teams: nine seasons with the Orix Blue Wave of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) in Japan, where he began his career, and 12 with the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States. After playing for the Mariners, he played two and a half seasons in MLB with the New York Yankees before signing with the Miami Marlins. Ichiro played three seasons with the Marlins before returning to the Mariners in 2018. Ichiro established a number of batting records, including MLB's single - season record for hits with 262. He achieved 10 consecutive 200 - hit seasons, the longest streak by any player in history. Between his major league career in both Japan and the United States, Ichiro has the most hits by any player in top - tier professional leagues. He also has recorded the most hits of all Japanese born players in MLB history." + ] + ], + [ + "Mike Trout", + [ + "Mike Trout Trout in 2018 Los Angeles Angels -- No. 27 Center fielder Born: (1991 - 08 - 07) August 7, 1991 (age 27) Vineland, New Jersey Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut July 8, 2011, for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim MLB statistics (through September 22, 2018) Batting average. 307 Hits 1,187 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 648 Stolen bases 189 Teams Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim / Los Angeles Angels (2011 -- present) Career highlights and awards 7 × All - Star (2012 -- 2018) 2 × AL MVP (2014, 2016) AL Rookie of the Year (2012) 5 × Silver Slugger Award (2012 -- 2016) AL Hank Aaron Award (2014) AL RBI leader (2014) AL stolen base leader (2012) 30 -- 30 club (2012) Hit for the cycle on May 21, 2013" + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "As of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series", + [ + "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5." + ] + ], + [ + "Roberto Clemente", + [ + "Roberto Clemente Clemente in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, 1958 Right fielder Born: (1934 - 08 - 18) August 18, 1934 Barrio San Antón, Carolina, Puerto Rico Died: December 31, 1972 (1972 - 12 - 31) (aged 38) San Juan, Puerto Rico Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 17, 1955, for the Pittsburgh Pirates Last MLB appearance October 3, 1972, for the Pittsburgh Pirates MLB statistics Batting average. 317 Hits 3,000 Home runs 240 Runs batted in 1,305 Teams Pittsburgh Pirates (1955 -- 1972) Career highlights and awards 15 × All - Star (1960 -- 1967, 1969 -- 1972) 2 × World Series champion (1960, 1971) NL MVP (1966) World Series MVP (1971) 12 × Gold Glove Award (1961 -- 1972) 4 × NL batting champion (1961, 1964, 1965, 1967) Pittsburgh Pirates # 21 retired Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Inducted 1973 Vote 92.7% (first ballot)" + ] + ], + [ + "Miguel Cabrera", + [ + "José Miguel Cabrera Torres (born April 18, 1983), commonly known as Miguel Cabrera and nicknamed \"Miggy\", is a Venezuelan professional baseball player. He is the first baseman for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003 he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner, a four-time AL batting champion, and an 11-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career, but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012, the first to do so in 45 seasons." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Yankees", + [ + "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in ." + ] + ], + [ + "Hart Memorial Trophy", + [ + "Wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any other player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues (Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association, and National Football League). Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB. Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders", + [ + "In baseball statistics, on - base percentage (OBP) is a measure of how often a batter reaches base for any reason other than a fielding error, fielder's choice, dropped or uncaught third strike, fielder's obstruction, or catcher's interference. OBP is calculated in Major League Baseball (MLB) by dividing the sum of hits, walks, and times hit by a pitch by the sum of at - bats, walks, times hit by pitch and sacrifice flies. A hitter with a. 400 on - base percentage is considered to be great and rare; only 55 players in MLB history with at least 3,000 career plate appearances (PA) have maintained such an OBP. Left fielder Ted Williams, who played 19 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, has the highest career on - base percentage,. 4817, in MLB history. Williams led the American League (AL) in on - base percentage in twelve seasons, the most such seasons for any player in the major leagues. Barry Bonds led the National League (NL) in ten seasons, a NL record. Williams also posted the then - highest single - season on - base percentage of. 5528 in 1941, a record that stood for 61 years until Bonds broke it with a. 5817 OBP in 2002. Bonds broke his own record in 2004, setting the current single - season mark of. 6094." + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 22 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 18 Rookie of the Year Award winners, twice as many as the next closest team, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders", + [ + "Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb are the only players with 4,000 career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, doing so during the 1902 season. Ichiro Suzuki is the current active leader." + ] + ], + [ + "Major League Baseball wild card", + [ + "In Major League Baseball (MLB), the wild - card teams are the two teams in each of the two leagues (American and National) that have qualified for the postseason despite failing to win their division. Both teams in each league possess the two best winning percentages in their respective league after the three division winners. The wild card was first instituted in MLB in 1994, with one wild - card team per league advancing to the Division Series in the postseason to face a division winner. In 2012, the system was modified to add a second wild - card team per league and pit each league's wild - card teams against each other in a play - in game -- the MLB wild - card game -- the winner of which would then advance to the Division Series and play the team with the best record. This system ensures that the team with the second - best record in each league, after the three division winners and the team with the first - best record in the league that is a non-division winner, will also get a postseason berth, even if it is n't a division champion." + ] + ], + [ + "Buster Posey", + [ + "Buster Posey Posey in September 2013 at Petco Park San Francisco Giants -- No. 28 Catcher / First baseman Born: (1987 - 03 - 27) March 27, 1987 (age 30) Leesburg, Georgia Bats: Right Throws: Right MLB debut September 11, 2009, for the San Francisco Giants MLB statistics (through September 29, 2017) Batting average. 308 Hits 1,160 Home runs 128 Runs batted in 594 Teams San Francisco Giants (2009 -- present) Career highlights and awards 5 × All - Star (2012, 2013, 2015 -- 2017) 3 × World Series champion (2010, 2012, 2014) NL MVP (2012) NL Rookie of the Year (2010) 3 × Silver Slugger Award (2012, 2014, 2015) Gold Glove Award (2016) NL Hank Aaron Award (2012) NL Comeback Player of the Year (2012) NL batting champion (2012) Golden Spikes Award (2008) Dick Howser Trophy (2008) Medals (hide) Men's baseball Representing United States World Baseball Classic 2017 Los Angeles Team" + ] + ], + [ + "Los Angeles Dodgers", + [ + "The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers, winning a total of 13 MVP Awards, Eight Cy Young Award winners have pitched for the Dodgers, winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards. The team has also produced 17 Rookie of the Year Award winners, including four consecutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996." + ] + ], + [ + "World Series Most Valuable Player Award", + [ + "Willie Mays World Series MVP Award George Springer, 2017 World Series MVP Given for Annual Most Valuable Player of the World Series Country United States Presented by Major League Baseball History First award 1955 Most recent George Springer, 2017 Houston Astros" + ] + ], + [ + "Kobe Bryant", + [ + "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions." + ] + ], + [ + "Montreal Expos", + [ + "Immediately after the minor league Triple - A Montreal Royals folded in 1960, political leaders in Montreal sought an MLB franchise, and when the National League evaluated expansion candidates for the 1969 season, it awarded a team to Montreal. Named after the Expo 67 World's Fair, the Expos originally played at Jarry Park Stadium before moving to Olympic Stadium in 1977. The Expos failed to post a winning record in any of their first ten seasons. The team won its only division title in the strike - shortened 1981 season, but lost the 1981 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team was sold in 1991 by its majority, founding owner, Charles Bronfman, to a consortium headed by Claude Brochu. Felipe Alou was promoted to the team's field manager in 1992, becoming MLB's first Dominican - born manager. He led the team to four winning seasons, including 1994, where the Expos had the best record in baseball before a players' strike ended the season. Alou became the Expos leader in games managed (1409)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__144658_599630", + "question": "What county was Ye Rongguang born in?", + "answer": "Yongjia County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ye Rongguang", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sanjiang Church", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Ye Rongguang", + [ + "Ye Rongguang (; born October 3, 1963 in Wenzhou, Zhejiang) is a retired Chinese chess Grandmaster, who in 1990, became the first ever Chinese player to gain the Grandmaster title. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen. He lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society." + ] + ], + [ + "Darreh Hamyaneh-ye Sofla", + [ + "Darreh Hamyaneh-ye Sofla (, also Romanized as Darreh Hamyāneh-ye Soflá; also known as Darhamyāneh-ye Pā’īn and Darreh Hambāneh-ye Pā’īn) is a village in Komehr Rural District, in the Central District of Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 166, in 38 families." + ] + ], + [ + "2,000-yard club", + [ + "List of players with 2,000 or more rushing yards in a season No. Season Player Team Games Att. Yds. TDs Y / A Y / G Fumb. MVP OPOY HOF Retired Ref 1973 O.J. Simpson Buffalo Bills 14 332 2,003 12 6.0 143.1 7 Yes Yes 1985 Yes 1984 Eric Dickerson Los Angeles Rams 16 379 2,105 14 5.6 131.6 14 No No 1999 Yes 1997 Barry Sanders Detroit Lions 16 335 2,053 11 6.1 128.3 Yes Yes Yes 1998 Terrell Davis Denver Broncos 16 392 2,008 21 5.1 125.5 Yes Yes 2017 Yes 5 2003 Jamal Lewis Baltimore Ravens 16 387 2,066 14 5.3 129.1 8 No Yes No Yes 6 2009 Chris Johnson Tennessee Titans 16 358 2,006 14 5.6 125.4 No Yes N / E No 7 2012 Adrian Peterson Minnesota Vikings 16 348 2,097 12 6.0 131.1 Yes Yes N / E No" + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Computational complexity theory", + [ + "Along the same lines, co-NP is the class containing the complement problems (i.e. problems with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems. It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP; however, it has not yet been proven. It has been shown that if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia Dare", + [ + "Virginia Dare (born August 18, 1587, date of death unknown) was the first English child born in a New World English overseas possession, and was named after the territory of Virginia, her birthplace. Her parents were Ananias Dare and Eleanor White (also spelled Ellinor or Elyonor)." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Yes/No (Glee)", + [ + "``Yes / No ''is the tenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series Glee, and the fifty - fourth overall. Written by Brad Falchuk and directed by Eric Stoltz, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on January 17, 2012. It contains the revelation of an elopement, and two marriage proposals, including the proposal by Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) to Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays)." + ] + ], + [ + "Norfolk Island", + [ + "Territory of Norfolk Island Teratri a 'Norf'k Ailen (Norfuk) Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Inasmuch ''Anthem:`` God Save the Queen'' (official) ``Come ye Blessed ''Status External Territory Capital Kingston 29 ° 02 ′ S 167 ° 57 ′ E  /  29.03 ° S 167.95 ° E  / - 29.03; 167.95 Largest city Burnt Pine Official languages English Norfuk Demonym Norfolk Islander Sovereign state Australia Government part of Australia Monarch Elizabeth II Administrator Eric Hutchinson Establishment Separation from Colony of Tasmania 1 November 1856 Transfer of Territory from UK to Australia 1 July 1914 Area Total 34.6 km (13.4 sq mi) Water (%) negligible Population 2016 census census 1,748 Density 61.9 / km (160.3 / sq mi) HDI (2008) 0.958 very high Currency Australian dollar (AUD) Time zone NFT (Norfolk Island Time) (UTC + 11: 00) Drives on the left Calling code 672 ISO 3166 code NF Internet TLD. nf" + ] + ], + [ + "Shilveh-ye Olya", + [ + "Shilveh-ye Olya (, also Romanized as Shīlveh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Shelveh-ye ‘Olyā and Shīlveh-ye Bālā) is a village in Ojarud-e Sharqi Rural District, Muran District, Germi County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 268, in 52 families." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Shalghami-ye Vosta", + [ + "Shalghami-ye Vosta (, also Romanized as Shalghamī-ye Vosţá; also known as Shalghamī-ye Dalūk and Shalghamī-ye Ḩājj Zamān) is a village in Pol Khatun Rural District, Marzdaran District, Sarakhs County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Sanjiang Church", + [ + "Sanjiang Church (三江基督教堂) was a Christian church located in Yongjia County, near Wenzhou, in Zhejiang Province, China. The church was completed in December 2013. The city of Wenzhou is a port city believed to have China's largest Christian community. Local Christians claim as many as 15 percent of the residents Christians with the majority being Protestant. British missionary George Stott had set up churches in this area towards the end of the 19th century." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__800166_156034", + "question": "What is the river where Long Spruce Generating Station is located a tributary of?", + "answer": "Hudson's Bay", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Nelson River", + 0 + ], + [ + "Long Spruce Generating Station", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Barguelonne", + [ + "The Barguelonne () is a long river in the Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne and Lot-et-Garonne \"départements\", southwestern France. Its source is near Terry, a hamlet in Pern. It flows generally southwest. It is a right tributary of the Garonne into which it flows between Golfech and Lamagistère." + ] + ], + [ + "Project Boreas", + [ + "Project Boreas was a study conducted between 2003 and 2006 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a station on the Planum Boreum at the Martian North Pole. The project was international, involving over 25 scientists and engineers, co-ordinated by Charles S. Cockell. Pole Station was designed to operate for three summers and two polar winters. Amongst a diversity of scientific objectives the station occupants were to retrieve a deep core from within the Martian polar ice cap and search for water and habitable conditions deep in the polar ice cap. Expeditions were planned to numerous locations across the Martian north polar cap, including the Chasma Boreale and the polar layered terrains. The study involved wide-ranging investigations of the scientific priorities for a human presence at the Martian polar ice caps through to detailed architectural and design studies for the station. Studies were undertaken on mobility and communications and psycho-social issues for long-term operation at the Martian polar station." + ] + ], + [ + "Nelson River", + [ + "Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Stamford Brook tube station", + [ + "Stamford Brook is a London Underground station on the eastern edge of Chiswick in west London. The station is served by the District line and is between Ravenscourt Park and Turnham Green stations. The main entrance is located on Goldhawk Road (A402) with a secondary entrance on Prebend Gardens. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station takes its name from Stamford Brook, a tributary of the River Thames that is now predominantly underground." + ] + ], + [ + "Cold River (Bearcamp River tributary)", + [ + "The Cold River is an long river located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Bearcamp River, part of the Ossipee River and Saco River watersheds. The river lies entirely in the town of Sandwich." + ] + ], + [ + "Farnell Valley", + [ + "Farnell Valley () is an ice-free valley, long, a tributary to Beacon Valley, descending to the latter from the southeast side, in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1964 for James B.H. Farnell, who assisted in supplying field parties at McMurdo Station in 1960." + ] + ], + [ + "Palus Epidemiarum", + [ + "Palus Epidemiarum (Latin for \"Marsh of Epidemics\") is a small lunar mare in the southwestern part of the Moon's near side. It lies to the southwest of Mare Nubium, and southeast of Mare Humorum. This feature forms a rough band of lava-flooded terrain that runs generally west–east, with a northward extension near the western end." + ] + ], + [ + "Kelly Brook, Wisconsin", + [ + "Kelly Brook is an unincorporated community located in the town of Spruce, Oconto County, Wisconsin, United States. Kelly Brook is located at the junction of County Highways A and K northwest of Oconto Falls." + ] + ], + [ + "Sturgeon River (Alberta)", + [ + "The Sturgeon River is a 260 km long river located in central Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the North Saskatchewan River. The stream crosses Sturgeon County, which was named for this river." + ] + ], + [ + "Stazione FS (Brescia Metro)", + [ + "Stazione FS is a station of the Brescia Metro, in the city of Brescia in northern Italy. It is located beside the Brescia railway station near the city centre and close to long distance and local bus stations." + ] + ], + [ + "Long Spruce Generating Station", + [ + "It was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately east of Gillam, Manitoba and is downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station." + ] + ], + [ + "Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree", + [ + "Year Original location Tree type Height Lighting 2017 State College, PA Norway spruce 75 ft November 29, 2017 2016 Oneonta, NY Norway spruce 94 ft November 30, 2016 2015 Gardiner, NY Norway spruce 78 ft December 2, 2015 2014 Danville, PA Norway spruce 85 ft December 3, 2014 2013 Shelton, CT Norway spruce 76 ft December 4, 2013 2012 Flanders, NJ Norway spruce 80 ft November 28, 2012 2011 Mifflinville, PA Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2011 Mahopac, NY Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2010 2009 Easton, CT Norway spruce 76 ft December 2, 2009 2008 Hamilton, NJ Norway spruce 72 ft December 3, 2008 2007 Shelton, CT Norway spruce 84 ft November 28, 2007 2006 Ridgefield, CT Norway spruce 88 ft November 29, 2006 2005 Wayne, NJ Norway spruce 74 ft November 30, 2005 Suffern, NY Norway spruce 71 ft November 30, 2004 2003 Manchester, CT Norway spruce 79 ft December 3, 2003 2002 Bloomsbury, NJ Norway spruce 76 ft December 4, 2002 Wayne, NJ Norway spruce 81 ft November 28, 2001 2000 Buchanan, NY Norway spruce 80 ft November 29, 2000 1999 Killingworth, CT Norway spruce 100 ft * December 1, 1999 1998 Richfield, OH Norway spruce 75 ft December 2, 1998 Stony Point, NY Norway spruce 70 ft December 2, 1997 Armonk, NY Norway spruce 90 ft December 3, 1996 1995 Mendham, NJ Norway spruce 75 ft December 5, 1995 Ridgefield, CT Norway spruce 85 ft December 2, 1994 Montebello, NY Norway spruce 70 ft 1986 Nanuet, NY Norway spruce 68 ft 1980 Mahwah, NJ Norway spruce 70 ft 1978 Mahwah, NJ Norway spruce 75 ft 1963 Rockaway, NJ Bruce Fir, Veit 84 ft 1957 Brighton, VT White spruce 67 ft" + ] + ], + [ + "Petite Creuse", + [ + "The Petite Creuse (, the small Creuse) is a long river in Allier and Creuse departments, in central France. Its source is at Treignat, southeast of the village. It is a left tributary of the Creuse River into which it flows at Fresselines. The river is dammed at several locations creating valley lakes that are extensively used for recreation, such as fishing, boating and swimming. The dams are used to generate electricity and to supply water treatment plants providing drinking water to local communities." + ] + ], + [ + "Jensen Glacier", + [ + "Jensen Glacier () is a tributary glacier, about long, flowing north between the Supporters Range and Lhasa Nunatak into Snakeskin Glacier, in Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Kenard H. Jensen, a United States Antarctic Research Program meteorologist at South Pole Station in 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "Layon", + [ + "The Layon () is a long river in the Deux-Sèvres and Maine-et-Loire \"départements\", western France. Its source is near Saint-Maurice-la-Fougereuse. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Loire into which it flows near Chalonnes-sur-Loire." + ] + ], + [ + "Indian River (New Hampshire)", + [ + "The Indian River is a long river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. The river is a tributary of the Mascoma River, which in turn flows to the Connecticut River and ultimately Long Island Sound." + ] + ], + [ + "Tarbell Brook", + [ + "Tarbell Brook is a stream located in southwestern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts in the United States. It is a tributary of the Millers River, itself a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound." + ] + ], + [ + "Thoré", + [ + "The Thoré () is a long river in the Hérault and Tarn \"départements\", southwestern France. Its source is in the northern part of Rieussec. It flows generally northwest. It is a left tributary of the Agout into which it flows between Navès and Castres." + ] + ], + [ + "Yalgar River", + [ + "The Yalgar River is a 185-kilometre-long tributary of the Murchison River, located in the Shire of Meekatharra in central Western Australia. It rises in the Glengarry Range 25 km southeast of Mooloogool Station homestead, about 80 kilometres northeast of Meekatharra, flowing 145 kilometres westward (crossing the Great Northern Highway at Karralundi) to a junction with the Hope River. From there it flows north-northwesterly for about 40 kilometres, emptying into the upper reaches of the Murchison River, near Moorarie Station homestead on the Carnarvon-Meekatharra Road." + ] + ], + [ + "WFFG-FM", + [ + "WFFG-FM (100.3 FM), known as \"Froggy 100.3\", is a country music radio station in the United States, licensed to Warrensburg, New York, and owned by Pamal Broadcasting. The station broadcasts 24 hours a day on 100.3 MHz with 1,450 watts effective radiated power from a transmitter located near Black Spruce mountain in the town of Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. (shared with WCKM-FM, WCQL and the former location of WNYQ, now WQSH in the Albany market), and serves the Adirondack Region and the Capital District of New York." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__853227_68633", + "question": "Arthur Marryatt is a member of a sports association that has who as president?", + "answer": "Thomas Bach", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Arthur A. Marryatt", + 0 + ], + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Presidente Bernardes, São Paulo", + [ + "Presidente Bernardes is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The town was named after former president Arthur Bernardes. The population is 13,568 (2015 est.) in an area of 749 km². The elevation is 429 m." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas House of Representatives", + [ + "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer and highest - ranking member of the House. The Speaker's duties include maintaining order within the House, recognizing members during debate, ruling on procedural matters, appointing members to the various committees and sending bills for committee review. The Speaker pro tempore is primarily a ceremonial position, but does, by long - standing tradition, preside over the House during its consideration of local and consent bills." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur A. Marryatt", + [ + "Arthur Albert Marryatt (1873 – 23 November 1949) was a New Zealand sports administrator, who represented New Zealand on the International Olympic Committee from 1919 to 1923, when he was replaced by Joseph Firth." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Oakland Athletics owners and executives", + [ + "Dave Kaval, President 2016 - present Billy Beane, General Manager 1998 -- 2015; VP Baseball Operations 2015 -- present David Forst, General Manager 2015 -- present Michael Crowley, President 1998 -- 2016 Sandy Alderson, President 1993 -- 1995, 1997 -- 1998; General Manager 1983 -- 1998 Walter J. Haas, President 1990 -- 1992 Roy Eisenhardt, President 1981 -- 1986 Billy Martin, General Manager 1981 -- 1982 Charles O. Finley, General Manager 1961 -- 1980 Frank Lane, General Manager 1960 -- 1961 Parke Carroll, General Manager 1959 -- 1960 Mickey Cochrane, General Manager 1950 Arthur Ehlers, General Manager 1951 - 53 Connie Mack General Manager 1901 -- 1950" + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Gardner (producer)", + [ + "Arthur Gardner (born Arthur Goldberg; June 7, 1910 – December 19, 2014) was an American actor and film producer. He was known for his television western, \"The Rifleman\". He was a voting member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael F. Flaherty", + [ + "Michael F. Flaherty (born 1969) is an at-large member of the Boston City Council. Flaherty is a member of the United States Democratic Party. He was elected Boston City Council Vice President in 2001 and Boston City Council President from 2002 to 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "Justice League (film)", + [ + "Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman: A member of the Justice League and the heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis. His meta - human aquatic abilities and superhuman physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology." + ] + ], + [ + "David A. Granger", + [ + "Brigadier David Arthur Granger (born 15 July 1942) is a Guyanese politician and retired military officer who has been President of Guyana since 2015. He served for a time as Commander of the Guyana Defence Force and subsequently as National Security Adviser from 1990 to 1992. He was Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Guyana from 2012 to 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "Joseph Arthur Ankrah", + [ + "Lieutenant General Joseph Arthur Ankrah (18 August 1915 – 25 November 1992) served as the first commander of the Army of Ghana, the Ghanaian Chief of the Defence Staff and from 1966 and 1969 as the 2nd President of Ghana. Ankrah also served as Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity from 24 February to 5 November 1966." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Fowler", + [ + "Arthur's lack of employment becomes a huge problem for him in 1986 when his daughter, Michelle, announces her engagement to Lofty Holloway (Tom Watt). Desperate to give his daughter a wedding that the family can be proud of, Arthur decides to take money from the Walford residents' Christmas Club savings scheme that he has been running. However, with Christmas fast approaching, Arthur realises that he will have to do something to explain the lack of money in the account to everyone that contributed. Arthur announces to the members that he has withdrawn the money, then stages a fake burglary at his house and tells the police that the Christmas Club money has been stolen. However, Arthur's attempts to make the robbery look legitimate fail, and the police soon realise that Arthur is the culprit. When questioned by the police, he confesses and after his arrest he becomes severely morose, withdrawn and depressed. This culminates in Arthur finally having a nervous breakdown on Christmas Day and smashing his living room in a violent rage. By early 1987, Arthur has become so despondent that he is admitted to hospital. He returns the following spring to stand trial for the theft of the Christmas Club money. Despite Arthur having the whole community behind him, he is sent to prison for 28 days. After his release, he makes things worse by borrowing money from a loan shark." + ] + ], + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee", + [ + "President of the International Olympic Committee Président du Comité international olympique Olympic rings Incumbent Thomas Bach since 10 September 2013 International Olympic Committee Style His Excellency Member of IOC Executive Board Residence Lausanne Palace Seat IOC Headquarters, Lausanne, Switzerland Appointer IOC Session Elected by the IOC Members by secret ballot Term length Eight years Renewable once for four years Constituting instrument Olympic Charter Formation 1894 First holder Demetrius Vikelas Website International Olympic Committee" + ] + ], + [ + "Doris Pack", + [ + "Doris Pack (born 18 March 1942, Schiffweiler) is a German politician, President of EPP Women ,President of the Robert Schuman Institute and former Member of the European Parliament 1989-2014. She served as a member of the Bundestag 1974–1983 and 1985–1989. She is a member of the conservative Christian Democratic Union, part of the European People's Party. Pack is the chair of the EU Committee on Culture and Education (since 2009)." + ] + ], + [ + "President of the Senate", + [ + "The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (ex officio, for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie - breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of the House of Representatives)." + ] + ], + [ + "Chester Alan Arthur II", + [ + "Chester Alan Arthur II, also known as Alan Arthur, (July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937) was a son of President Chester A. Arthur. He studied at Princeton University and Columbia University's Law School. After completing his studies, Arthur traveled throughout Europe for 10 years. In 1900 he married in Switzerland and moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado to improve his health." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur J. Balzer", + [ + "Arthur J. Balzer (March 6, 1895 - January 31, 1962) was an American merchant and lecturer from West Allis, Wisconsin who served several terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee County, first in the 1930s and again for a single term in the 1950s." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Oliver Wheeler", + [ + "Arthur Oliver Wheeler (May 1, 1860 – May 20, 1945) was born in Ireland and immigrated to Canada in 1876 at the age of 16. He became a land surveyor and surveyed large areas of western Canada, including photo-topographical surveys of the Selkirk Mountains and the British Columbia-Alberta boundary along the continental divide through the Canadian Rockies. In 1906, he and journalist Elizabeth Parker were the principal founders of the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC). He was its first president, from 1906 to 1910, and editor of the \"Canadian Alpine Journal\" from 1907 to 1930. He remained Honorary President of the ACC from 1926 until his death in 1945. The Arthur O. Wheeler hut of the ACC is named after him." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Soetaert", + [ + "Arthur Joseph Soetaert (April 14, 1913 – September 14, 2006) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1955 to 1959 sitting with the Liberal caucus in opposition." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Twining Hadley", + [ + "Arthur Twining Hadley (April 23, 1856 – March 6, 1930, , ) was an economist who served as President of Yale University from 1899 to 1921." + ] + ], + [ + "Frederick Arthur Dewhurst", + [ + "Frederick Arthur Dewhurst (March 17, 1911 – July 30, 1985) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Wadena in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1945 to 1975 as a member of the CCF/NDP." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Chung", + [ + "Arthur Chung (January 10, 1918 -- June 23, 2008) was the first President of Guyana from 1970 to 1980. During his time as President of Guyana, the office was that of a ceremonial head of state, with real power in the hands of Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. He was honoured with Guyana's highest national honour, the Order of Excellence (O.E.)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__71753_648517_70784_61381", + "question": "When was the region that lies to the north of the region Israel is located and where the Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim is took place established?", + "answer": "1932", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim", + 0 + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council", + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council (, \"Mo'atza Azorit Hevel Eilot\") is a regional council in the Southern District of Israel, near the city of Eilat. It is the southernmost regional council in Israel." + ] + ], + [ + "North East Side (Denver)", + [ + "The North East Side (Denver), is a region/area located in both Denver County and Adams County. The neighborhoods located within Denver's north east side are Elyria-Swansea, Commerce City, and Derby. As of the 2007 Denver Piton Foundation and the United States Census Bureau, the region/area had a total population of 53,541 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Sabkhat Ghuzayyil", + [ + "Sabkhat Ghuzayyil is Libya's lowest point at 47 meters (154 feet) below sea level, and is just southeast of the Gulf of Sidra. It is located in the Al Wahat District of the Cyrenaica region in northeastern Libya." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim", + [ + "The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Wollaston Peninsula", + [ + "The Wollaston Peninsula (previously, Wollaston Land) is a west-pointing peninsula located on southwestern Victoria Island, Canada. It is bordered by Prince Albert Sound to the north, Amundsen Gulf to the west and Dolphin and Union Strait to the south. Most of the peninsula lies in Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region but a smaller portion lies within the Northwest Territories's Inuvik Region. The peninsula is long, and between wide. Its westernmost point is Cape Baring." + ] + ], + [ + "Tzelafon", + [ + "Tzelafon () is a moshav in central Israel. Located to the north of Beit Shemesh, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Jaʿār", + [ + "Jaar (Arabic: جعار \"Jaʿār\") is a small town and capital of Khanfir District in south-western Yemen. One of the largest settlements in the Abyan Governorate, it is located in the south of the Abyan Governorate to the north of Al Kawd and the regional capital of Zinjibar. The town is located about 2 kilometres east of the right bank of the Wadi Bana." + ] + ], + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park", + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius. Covering 553 hectares, it is the largest regional park in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Champlain, Quebec", + [ + "Champlain is a municipality, located in Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality and the administrative region the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, Canada. Located on the north shore of St. Lawrence River, Champlain is also part of the metropolitan area of Trois-Rivières." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Lith", + [ + "Al Lith () is a city in the Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea south west of the holy city of Mecca. It is the fifth largest city in population in Makkah Province, and it is one of the large sea ports of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea, and Miqat Yalamlam is located north of it. The estimated population of Al Lith is over 72,000 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Ami'oz", + [ + "Ami'oz () is a moshav in southern Israel. Located in the Hevel Eshkol area of the north-western Negev desert near the border with the Gaza Strip, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Manitung Island", + [ + "Manitung Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Kekertaluk Island, Nedlukseak Island, and Nudlung Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Samarqand District", + [ + "Samarqand District is a district of Samarqand Region in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at Gulabad. The district was established in 1930." + ] + ], + [ + "Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic." + ] + ], + [ + "East Redonda Island", + [ + "East Redonda Island is a coastal island in British Columbia, Canada, part of the Discovery Islands archipelago. It lies just to the north of Desolation Sound Marine Park, which is located off the north end of the Malaspina Peninsula at the mouth of Toba Inlet within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District." + ] + ], + [ + "Umm al Kilab", + [ + "Umm al Kilab is a settlement in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ash Shamal. Owing to its propensity for vegetation, various farms are based in the area." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ‎), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ‎), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others." + ] + ], + [ + "Qaruh Island", + [ + "Qaruh Island () is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as \"Qar\" in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__82669_768138", + "question": "Who is the brother of the Melissa and Joey Theme Song singer?", + "answer": "Matthew Lawrence", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Melissa & Joey", + 0 + ], + [ + "Pulse (1988 film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Natalie Horler", + [ + "Natalie Horler was born in Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany to British parents who had moved to Germany in 1980. Her father, David Horler, is a jazz musician and her mother, Christine, is a foreign languages teacher. Horler grew up with her 2 siblings. Natalie soon began singing jazz songs in her father's studio as well as songs from Disney movies." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Melissa & Joey episodes", + [ + "\"Melissa & Joey\" is an American television sitcom starring Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence. The series revolves around Melanie \"Mel\" Burke (Hart), an up-and-coming local politician who hires Joseph \"Joe\" Longo (Lawrence), a recently divorced commodities broker, as the nanny for her niece and nephew. The series premiered on August 17, 2010 on ABC Family." + ] + ], + [ + "Joey Johnson (Days of Our Lives)", + [ + "Joey Johnson is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network, currently portrayed by James Lastovic. Introduced in 2008, Joey was created by head writers Dena Higley and Victor Gialanella as the youngest child of supercouple, Steve ``Patch ''Johnson and Kayla Brady (Stephen Nichols and Mary Beth Evans). The role was originated by siblings Brody and Jonas -- who vacated the role in 2009 when the character was written out. Child actor, Jadon Wells appeared in the role of Joey on a recurring basis from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, the character was rapidly aged to 16 when Lastovic stepped into the role. Joey returns having skipped out on boarding school suffering from abandonment issues. It is later revealed that Joey has secretly been conspiring with Ava Vitali (Tamara Braun) to orchestrate Patch and Kayla's reunion. Unbeknownst to Joey, Ava is his father's ex-lover and has caused quite a bit of trouble for Kayla and the rest of the Brady family." + ] + ], + [ + "Dad's Army", + [ + "The show's theme tune, ``Who do you think you are kidding, Mr Hitler? ''was Jimmy Perry's idea, intended as a gentle pastiche of wartime songs. It was the only pastiche in the series, as the other music used was contemporary to the 1940s. Perry wrote the lyrics himself and composed the music with Derek Taverner. Perry persuaded one of his childhood idols, wartime entertainer Bud Flanagan, to sing the theme for 100 guineas. Flanagan died less than a year after the recording. At the time it was widely believed to be a wartime song." + ] + ], + [ + "The Joey Heatherton Album", + [ + "The Joey Heatherton Album is a 1972 album by Joey Heatherton. Her cover of the 1957 Ferlin Husky song \"Gone\" became a minor hit, but the album didn't do particularly well. Tony Scotti and Tommy Oliver produced and arranged it. It was mixed by Michael Lloyd." + ] + ], + [ + "Joey (Concrete Blonde song)", + [ + "``Joey ''is the ninth track from Concrete Blonde's third and most successful album Bloodletting. The song was released in 1990 and was written and sung by Johnette Napolitano. One interpretation is that the song is about a photographer (Joey Mas) who is in love with alcohol. Napolitano mentioned in her book Rough Mix that the song was written about her relationship with Marc Moreland of the band Wall of Voodoo (who would eventually die of kidney failure following a liver transplant). The song was written in a cab on the way to a photo studio in Philadelphia; it was the last vocal recorded on the album due to Napolitano's reluctance to record the lyrics, which were hard for her to deal with." + ] + ], + [ + "Kanta Pilipinas", + [ + "Kanta Pilipinas (English: \"Sing Philippines\") is a reality singing competition that airs on TV5. It is hosted by Rico Blanco, Rivermaya's former lead vocalist. With the tagline \"Kanta Mo, Kwento Mo, Kapatid\" (Your Song, Your Story, Sibling), the show premiered on February 9, 2013. The show airs every Saturday at 9:00 PM (PST)." + ] + ], + [ + "Airport (EP)", + [ + "Airport (空港) is Joey Yung's second EP in 2010. The title track 空港 is the theme song for \"Nokia Joey Yung Concert Number 6\". The song is the EP's third single. Her first single \"綠野仙蹤\" is the commercial theme song for Broadway Electronics. The music video for the second single \"破相\" is the first ever 3D Music Video in Hong Kong." + ] + ], + [ + "I Want to Be in Love", + [ + "\"I Want to Be in Love\" is a 2001 Melissa Etheridge song and the first single from her seventh album, \"Skin\"." + ] + ], + [ + "End of the Line (Traveling Wilburys song)", + [ + "``End of the Line ''is the last track from the Traveling Wilburys' first album, Volume 1, released in 1988. It was also issued as the band's second single, in January 1989. The song's riding - on - the - rails rhythm suggests its theme and the on - the - move nature of the group. It features all the Wilburys (excluding Bob Dylan, who was on tour at the time) as lead singers; George Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Roy Orbison sing the choruses in turn, while Tom Petty sings the verses. The song was mainly written by Harrison and was assigned to his publishing company. In keeping with the collaborative concept behind the Wilburys project, however, all five members received a songwriting credit." + ] + ], + [ + "Melissa & Joey", + [ + "Melissa & Joey Genre Sitcom Created by David Kendall Bob Young Starring Melissa Joan Hart Joey Lawrence Taylor Spreitler Nick Robinson Theme music composer Joey Lawrence & Matthew Gerrard Opening theme ``Stuck With Me '', performed by Joey Lawrence Composer (s) Danny Lux Michael Reola Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 104 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) David Kendall Bob Young Melissa Joan Hart Joey Lawrence Paula Hart John Ziffren Seth Kurland Producer (s) Ken Ornstein Sarah Jane Cunningham Suzie V. Freeman David Hartle Brenda Hsueh Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 22 minutes Production company (s) Hartbreak Films JL Veritas ABC Family Original Productions Distributor Disney -- ABC Domestic Television Release Original network ABC Family Picture format HDTV 1080i Audio format Dolby Digital 5.1 Original release August 17, 2010 (2010 - 08 - 17) -- August 5, 2015 (2015 - 08 - 05) External links Official website freeform.go.com/shows/melissa-joey" + ] + ], + [ + "Jason Paige", + [ + "Jason Paige (born January 6, 1969) is an American singer, writer, record producer, stage, film, and television actor. Paige is best known for singing the first theme song for the English version of the Pokémon television series." + ] + ], + [ + "Theme from The Greatest American Hero (Believe It or Not)", + [ + "``Believe It or Not ''is a song composed by Mike Post (music) and Stephen Geyer (lyrics) and sung by American singer Joey Scarbury. It serves as the theme song for the television series The Greatest American Hero. The track was later included on Scarbury's 1981 debut album America's Greatest Hero." + ] + ], + [ + "Pulse (1988 film)", + [ + "Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research." + ] + ], + [ + "WKRP in Cincinnati", + [ + "The opening theme, a soft rock / pop number called ``WKRP In Cincinnati Main Theme, ''was composed by Tom Wells, with lyrics by series creator Hugh Wilson, and was performed by Steve Carlisle. An urban legend circulated at the time that Richard Sanders (who had comparable vocal characteristics to Carlisle) had recorded the song. Wilson stated in the commentary for the first season's DVD set that this was simply not true. (Sanders would later`` sing'' the lyrics in a promo spot on VH1 for The New WKRP in Cincinnati, which parodied the U2 song, ``Numb. '')" + ] + ], + [ + "Melissa & Joey", + [ + "Melissa & Joey is an American sitcom television series starring Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence that aired for four seasons between 2010 and 2015 on ABC Family (now Freeform). The series follows local politician Mel Burke (Hart) and Joe Longo (Lawrence), whom Mel hires to look after her niece Lennox Scanlon (Taylor Spreitler) and nephew Ryder Scanlon (Nick Robinson) after a Ponzi scheme leaves Joe broke." + ] + ], + [ + "Doesn't Play Well with Others", + [ + "Doesn't Play Well with Others is the second full-length solo album by Lagwagon and Bad Astronaut frontman Joey Cape, released on June 1, 2011. It was released with one song at a time, each month, during 2010 on Joey Cape's official website, beginning on January 18, 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "No Souvenirs", + [ + "\"No Souvenirs\" is a 1989 song by Melissa Etheridge and the second single of her second album \"Brave and Crazy\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Erin Pitt", + [ + "Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings. She has two sisters and three brothers. She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet." + ] + ], + [ + "It's Garry Shandling's Show", + [ + "The series' theme song was ``This is the Theme to Garry's Show '', sung by Los Angeles musician Bill Lynch. The song's lyrics are self - referential, explaining how the song came to be (`` Garry called me up and asked if I would write his theme song'') and asking what the listener thinks of it." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__617062_127905_46748", + "question": "What is the longest win streak in the league that Jim Wilson's team plays for?", + "answer": "26", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "FC Barcelona", + [ + "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association longest winning streaks", + [ + "This is a list of the longest winning streaks in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The list includes streaks that started at the end of one season and carried over into the following season. There are two lists, streaks that consist entirely of regular - season games and streaks made up of playoff games only. The Los Angeles Lakers hold the record for the longest winning streak in NBA history. They won 33 straight games in the 1971 -- 72 season, compiling a season - best 69 -- 13 record and went on to win the NBA Finals. In the 2016 -- 17 season, the Golden State Warriors posted a season - best 67 -- 15 regular - season record and began the 2017 playoffs with a 15 game win - streak, the most consecutive wins in NBA playoff history. They went on to win the NBA Championship with a 16 -- 1 (. 941 winning percentage) record, the best playoff record in NBA history." + ] + ], + [ + "Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry", + [ + "Michigan -- Michigan State football rivalry Michigan Wolverines Michigan State Spartans First meeting October 12, 1898, Ann Arbor Michigan 36, State Agricultural College Latest meeting October 7, 2017, Ann Arbor Michigan State 14, Michigan 10 Next meeting 2018, East Lansing Trophy Paul Bunyan Trophy, Michigan leads, 36 -- 27 -- 2 Statistics Meetings total 110 All - time series Michigan leads, 69 -- 36 -- 5 Largest victory Michigan, 119 -- 0 (1902) Longest win streak Michigan, 14 (1916 -- 29) Longest unbeaten streak Michigan, 18 (1916 -- 1933) Current win streak Michigan State, 1 (2017 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "Army–Navy Game", + [ + "Army -- Navy Game Army Black Knights Navy Midshipmen Sport College football First meeting November 29, 1890 Latest meeting December 9, 2017 Next meeting December 8, 2018 Statistics Meetings total 118 All - time record Navy leads 60 -- 51 -- 7 Longest win streak Navy, 14 (2002 -- 2015) Current win streak Army, 2 (2016 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "1983 America's Cup", + [ + "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series." + ] + ], + [ + "List of NBA franchise post-season streaks", + [ + "The San Antonio Spurs hold the longest active consecutive playoff appearances with 21 appearances, starting in the 1998 NBA Playoffs (also the longest active playoff streak in any major North American sports league as of 2017). The Spurs have won five NBA championships during the streak. The Philadelphia 76ers (formerly known as Syracuse Nationals) hold the all - time record for consecutive playoff appearances with 22 straight appearances between 1950 and 1971. The 76ers won two NBA championships during their streak. The Boston Celtics hold the longest consecutive NBA Finals appearance streak with ten appearances between 1957 and 1966. During the streak, the Celtics won eight consecutive NBA championships -- also an NBA record." + ] + ], + [ + "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", + [ + "Cavaliers -- Warriors rivalry Cleveland Cavaliers Golden State Warriors First meeting October 17, 1970 Warriors 128, Cavaliers 108 Latest meeting June 8, 2018 Warriors 108, Cavaliers 85 Next meeting N / A Statistics Meetings total 131 meetings All - time series Warriors, 73 -- 59 Regular season series Warriors, 59 -- 52 Postseason results Warriors, 15 -- 7 Longest win streak Cavaliers, 10 (1992 -- 96) Warriors, 7 (2015 -- 16; 2017 -- 18) Current win streak Warriors, 7 Post-season history 2015 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 2 2016 NBA Finals: Cavaliers won, 4 -- 3 2017 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 1 2018 NBA Finals: Warriors won, 4 -- 0" + ] + ], + [ + "New England Patriots", + [ + "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl nine times in franchise history, the most of any team, seven of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL history, winning 14 AFC East titles in 16 seasons since 2001, without a losing season in that period. The franchise has since set numerous notable records, including most wins in a ten - year period (126, in 2003 -- 2012), an undefeated 16 - game regular season in 2007, the longest winning streak consisting of regular season and playoff games in NFL history (a 21 - game streak from October 2003 to October 2004), and the most consecutive division titles won by a team in NFL history (won eight straight division titles from 2009 to 2016). The team owns the record for most Super Bowls reached (seven) and won (five) by a head coach -- quarterback tandem. The Patriots are tied with the 49ers and Cowboys for the second most Super Bowl wins with five. The Steelers are in front with six." + ] + ], + [ + "Michigan State Spartans men's basketball", + [ + "The Spartans have participated in 32 NCAA tournaments and in 21 consecutive NCAA tournaments (1998 -- 2018), the fifth - longest streak ever and third - longest active streak in college basketball, behind Kansas (28) and Duke (22). Michigan State has the seventh most all - time Final Four appearances with nine (1957, 1979, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2010, and 2015). The program is also ninth all - time in NCAA tournament winning percentage (. 677, through 2018)." + ] + ], + [ + "Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry", + [ + "Michigan -- Michigan State football rivalry Michigan Wolverines Michigan State Spartans First meeting October 12, 1898, Ann Arbor Michigan 39, State Agricultural College 2 Latest meeting October 7, 2017, Ann Arbor Michigan State 14, Michigan 10 Next meeting 2018, East Lansing Trophy Paul Bunyan Trophy, Michigan leads, 36 -- 27 -- 2 Statistics Meetings total 110 All - time series Michigan leads, 69 -- 36 -- 5 Largest victory Michigan, 119 -- 0 (1902) Longest win streak Michigan, 14 (1916 -- 29) Longest unbeaten streak Michigan, 18 (1916 -- 1933) Current win streak Michigan State, 1 (2017 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "1982 European Cup Final", + [ + "The 1982 European Cup Final was played on 26 May 1982. English champions Aston Villa defeated West German league winners Bayern Munich 1 -- 0 at De Kuip in Rotterdam, Netherlands to win the European Cup for the first, and so far, only time, and continue the streak of English teams winning the competition, being the sixth consecutive victory by an English side." + ] + ], + [ + "Winning streak", + [ + "The longest winning streak in Major League Baseball that does not include a tie is 22 games, achieved by the Cleveland Indians in 2017, which is also the longest winning streak in the American League. The National League record for consecutive wins without a tie is 21 games, by the 1935 Chicago Cubs." + ] + ], + [ + "Chennai Super Kings–Mumbai Indians rivalry", + [ + "The Super-Indian Derby Other names CSK vs MI MI vs CSK Locale Chennai Mumbai `Teams Chennai Super Kings Mumbai Indians First meeting 24th April 2008 Latest meeting 28th April 2018, 2018 Indian Premier League, Mumbai Indians won by 8 wickets at Maharashtra Cricket Association stadium, Pune Next meeting 1. 2019 Broadcasters For IPL, Set MAX (2008 - 2017) Sony SIX (2013 - 2017) Sony Kix and Sony Aath (2015 - 2017) Indiatimes via YouTube (2010) starsports.com (2013 - 2014) Hotstar App (2015 - present) For CLT20, Star Sports 1 & Star Sports 3 (2009 - 2014) Stadiums M.A. Chidambaram Stadium / JSCA International Stadium Complex Wankhede Stadium / Brabourne Stadium / DY Patil Stadium Statistics Meetings total 26 Most wins Mumbai Indians: 14 wins Most player appearances Suresh Raina (24), all matches as a CSK player Top scorer Runs - Suresh Raina (557) Wickets - Lasith Malinga (24) All - time series (IPL & CLT20 only) MI: 14 CSK: 12 Largest victory By runs: MI beat CSK by 60 runs at Wankhede Stadium, 5 May 2013 By wickets: MI beat CSK by 9 wickets at Wankhede Stadium, 14 May 2008 Longest win streak 4, Mumbai Indians, 22 April 2011 to 6 May 2012 Chennai Super Kings, 25 April 2014 to 18 April 2015 Current win streak 1, Mumbai Indians, 000000002018 - 04 - 28 - 0000 28 April 2018 (32 days)" + ] + ], + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + [ + "He was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + [ + "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games", + [ + "Eighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988 the AL has dominated, winning 24 of 31 with one tie. In 2018 the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks", + [ + "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26 wins. The second - longest winning streak is 22 by the 2017 Cleveland Indians, which is still ongoing and the American League record. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 Cleveland Browns season", + [ + "The Browns entered this game looking to win consecutive games for the first time since they won 3 in a row during Weeks 8 - 10 of the 2014 season. The Steelers entered the game locked into the AFC's # 3 seed and rested most of their starters. However, the Browns would still fall to the Steelers, losing 27 -- 24 in an overtime affair. With the loss, the Browns finished the season with a 1 -- 15 record, their worst record in franchise history. The Browns also became the 10th team in NFL history, and the first team since the 2009 Rams, to finish 1 - 15. They failed to win a division game for the first time since the 2011 season and extended their losing streak within the division to 11 games. The Browns also failed to win a road game in a season for only the second time in franchise history and the first time since the 1975 season. They also extended their road losing streak to 13 games and failed to win a road game against the Steelers for the thirteenth consecutive season. The Browns finished with the worst record in the NFL and secured the # 1 overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Cardinals–Cubs rivalry", + [ + "Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry St. Louis Cardinals Chicago Cubs First meeting April 12, 1892 Sportsman's Park, St. Louis, MO Latest meeting September 28, 2017 Busch Stadium, St. Louis, MO Next meeting April 16, 2018 Wrigley Field, Chicago, IL Statistics Meetings total 2,399 (through September 28, 2017) Regular season series Cubs 1,221 -- 1,161 -- 19 Largest victory Cardinals, 20 -- 5 (April 16, 1912) Longest win streak Cardinals: 14 (April 21, 1944 -- September 7, 1944) Cubs: 13 (April 18, 1918 -- July 2, 1918) Current win streak Cubs: 2 Post-season history 2015 NL Division Series: Cubs, 3 -- 1" + ] + ], + [ + "UConn Huskies women's basketball", + [ + "UConn owns the two longest winning streaks, any gender, in college basketball history. The longest streak, 111 straight wins, started with a win against Creighton on November 23, 2014, and ended on March 31, 2017 when a buzzer - beater at the end of the overtime caused a loss in the 2017 NCAA Final Four by Mississippi State. The second streak counts 90 consecutive wins, including two undefeated seasons (2008 -- 09 and 2009 -- 10), and was delimited by two losses against Stanford, the first on April 6, 2008 in the National Semifinals of the NCAA Tournament, and the second -- three seasons later -- on December 19, 2010." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__491195_265959", + "question": "Who is the mother of the composer of Jag tror på sommaren?", + "answer": "Lena Olin", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Jag tror på sommaren", + 0 + ], + [ + "Stig Olin", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ann Jäderlund", + [ + "Ann Jäderlund (born 1955) is a Swedish poet and playwright. She made her literary debut in 1985 with the poetry collection \"Vimpelstaden\". Other collections are \"Snart går jag i sommaren ut\" from 1990 and \"I en cylinder i vattnet av vattengråt\" from 2006. She was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 2004." + ] + ], + [ + "Vi på Saltkråkan", + [ + "Vi på Saltkråkan (We on Seacrow Island) is a Swedish TV series in 13 25-minute episodes from 1964. The script for the series was written by Astrid Lindgren, who later re-wrote it as a book, also titled \"Vi på Saltkråkan\" (published in English as \"Seacrow Island\" in 1964). Astrid Lindgren was closely involved in the filming and editing of the series, which took place on Norröra in the Stockholm archipelago. The series was produced and directed by Olle Hellbom." + ] + ], + [ + "Jag tror på sommaren", + [ + "Jag tror på sommaren is a summertime song written by Stig Olin, and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording beame a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "On the Good Ship Lollipop", + [ + "``On the Good Ship Lollipop ''was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple. Temple first sang it in the 1934 movie Bright Eyes. The song was composed by Richard A. Whiting and the lyrics were supplied by Sidney Clare." + ] + ], + [ + "Jagged Edge", + [ + "A Jagged Era (1997) J.E. Heartbreak (2000) Jagged Little Thrill (2001) Hard (2003) Jagged Edge (2006) Baby Makin 'Project (2007) The Remedy (2011) J.E. Heartbreak 2 (2014) The Layover (2017)" + ] + ], + [ + "När hela världen ser på", + [ + "När hela världen ser på was released on 10 May 1998 and is an album from Swedish pop and country singer Jill Johnson. The album peaked at #37 at the Swedish album chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Nissene på låven", + [ + "Nissene på låven is a Nordic Christmas calendar that aired on TVNorge in 2001, and is a spoof of reality TV." + ] + ], + [ + "Comet in Moominland", + [ + "Comet in Moominland (Swedish: \"Kometjakten\" / \"Mumintrollet på kometjakt\" / \"Kometen kommer\") is the second in Finnish author Tove Jansson's series of Moomin books. Published in 1946, it marks the first appearance of several main characters, such as Snufkin and the Snork Maiden." + ] + ], + [ + "Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993", + [ + "Denmark was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 by the Tommy Seebach Band and \"Under stjernerne på himlen\", the winners of the Danish national final, Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 1993." + ] + ], + [ + "Jagged", + [ + "Jagged is the fifteenth solo studio album by English musician Gary Numan, his first original album in over five years, following \"Pure\" in 2000. Stylistically \"Jagged\" was a development of its predecessor's chorus-driven, anthemic industrial sound, utilising heavier electronics and more prominent live drumming. Although reaction to the new record was predominantly positive, critical opinion was more heavily divided than had been the case with the almost universal praise enjoyed by \"Pure\". Reaching number 59 in the UK album charts, \"Jagged\" charted no higher than the earlier release, some commentators and fans regarding the long time between albums as a missed opportunity for consolidation in the wake of \"Pure\"'s reception and the number 13 UK chart position attained by Numan's 2003 single with Rico, \"Crazier\". \"Jagged\" was the first album issued on Numan's own Mortal Records label, licensed to Cooking Vinyl. The US release, on Metropolis Records, included an alternate mix of \"Fold\" as a bonus track. In April Numan embarked on a tour of the UK, Europe and North America to promote the album." + ] + ], + [ + "The Scourge of the Light", + [ + "The Scourge of the Light is the ninth studio album by American power metal band Jag Panzer. It was released on February 28, 2011 through Steamhammer Records. Two weeks after its release, The Scourge of the Light placed at No. 117 on the Billboard New Artist Chart, making the album Jag Panzer's most successful to date." + ] + ], + [ + "Bodil Udsen", + [ + "She was a student at the Rysensteen Gymnasium in Copenhagen in 1944 and entered film in 1955. She also worked extensively in Danish theatre and appeared in the Danish TV series Huset på Christianshavn as Emma from 1970 to 1977." + ] + ], + [ + "Stig Olin", + [ + "He was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin. He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck." + ] + ], + [ + "Ebenezer Child", + [ + "Child was an American composer and compiler of sacred music in the early nineteenth century. He was also a farmer and town official in Vermont." + ] + ], + [ + "Under Two Jags", + [ + "Under Two Jags is a 1923 American silent comedy film featuring Stan Laurel. The title spoofs the film \"Under Two Flags\" (1922)." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps", + [ + "The Judge Advocate General's Corps also known as the ``JAG Corps ''or`` JAG'' is the legal arm of the United States Air Force." + ] + ], + [ + "Thane to the Throne", + [ + "Thane to the Throne is the fifth studio album released by American power metal band Jag Panzer, released in 2000. It is a concept album based on William Shakespeare's Macbeth." + ] + ], + [ + "Andrea Thompson", + [ + "Rebecca Andrea Thompson (born January 6, 1960) is an American actress, known for her roles on the television series \"Falcon Crest\", \"Babylon 5\", \"JAG\", \"24\", and \"NYPD Blue\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Hip, Hip, Hurrah!", + [ + "Hip, Hip, Hurrah! (Danish: \"Hip, hip, hurra! Kunstnerfest på Skagen\") is an oil-on-canvas painting from 1888 by Norwegian-Danish painter Peder Severin Krøyer." + ] + ], + [ + "Du får göra som du vill", + [ + "\"Du får göra som du vill\" is a song written by Patrik Isaksson and recorded by himself for his 1999 debut album \"När verkligheten tränger sig på\". The song was awarded a Grammis award for \"Song of the year 1999\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__794915_466199_695123_72134", + "question": "When did the town WIZE is licensed in become capitol of the state where Ward Township is located?", + "answer": "1839", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Ward Township, Randolph County, Indiana", + 0 + ], + [ + "Randolph County, Illinois", + 0 + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + 0 + ], + [ + "WIZE", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Ward Township, Randolph County, Indiana", + [ + "Ward Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,109 and it contained 495 housing units." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Kis-Küküllő County", + [ + "Kis-Küküllő was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania (central Transylvania). Kis-Küküllő is the Hungarian name for the Târnava Mică River. The capital of the county was \"Dicsőszentmárton\" (now Târnăveni)." + ] + ], + [ + "Randolph County, Illinois", + [ + "Owing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Naas River", + [ + "The Naas River, a perennial stream of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta", + [ + "Pesanggrahan is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative city which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia. The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict. To the west of Pesanggrahan Subdistrict is Tangerang Regency, Banten Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Union territory", + [ + "The Parliament of India can pass a law to amend the Constitution and provide a Legislature with elected Members and a Chief Minister for a Union Territory, as it has done for Delhi and Puducherry. In general, The President of India appoints an administrator or lieutenant - governor for each UT. There are seven union territories, including Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana." + ] + ], + [ + "Darial, Pakistan", + [ + "Darial is a town in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It is located at 33° 23' 35N 73° 19' 45E with an altitude of 494 metres (1624 feet)." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "McCormack, Minnesota", + [ + "McCormack is an unorganized territory in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located near Hibbing and Balkan Township. The population was 237 at the 2000 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West." + ] + ], + [ + "Springfield, Illinois", + [ + "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m)." + ] + ], + [ + "Port Blair", + [ + "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India." + ] + ], + [ + "WIZE", + [ + "WIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield." + ] + ], + [ + "Avoca, Oklahoma", + [ + "Avoca was a small town in Avoca Township, located in southeastern Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma Territory. The post office was established in 1894 and closed permanently in 1906." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__28727_92991_76291", + "question": "When did the party Alaska generally supports take control of the determiner of rules of the US House and US Senate?", + "answer": "January 2015", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Alaska", + 0 + ], + [ + "2014 United States Senate elections", + 0 + ], + [ + "Standing Rules of the United States Senate", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative—to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities." + ] + ], + [ + "Mandate of Heaven", + [ + "The prosperous Shang dynasty saw its rule filled with many outstanding accomplishments. Notably, the dynasty lasted for a considerable time during which 31 kings ruled over an extended period of 17 generations. During this period, the dynasty enjoyed a period of peace and tranquility in which citizens could make a good living. The government was originally able to control most of its internal affairs due to the firm support provided by the people. As time went on, however, the rulers' abuse of the other social classes led to social unrest and instability. The corruption in this dynasty created the conditions necessary for a new ruling house to rise -- the Zhou dynasty. Rebellion against the Shang was led by Zhou Wu. They created the Mandate of Heaven to explain their right to assume rule and presumed that the only way to hold the mandate was to rule well in the eyes of Heaven. They believed that the Shang ruling house had become morally corrupt, and that the Shang leaders' loss of virtue entitled their own house to take over. The overthrow of the Shang Dynasty, they said, was in accordance with the mandate given by Heaven." + ] + ], + [ + "Connecticut Senate", + [ + "The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common." + ] + ], + [ + "Political party", + [ + "At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace \"ad hoc\" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model." + ] + ], + [ + "Reformed Political Party", + [ + "The Reformed Political Party (, SGP) is an orthodox Calvinist political party in the Netherlands. The term \"Reformed\" is not a reference to political reform but is a synonym for Calvinism—a major branch of Protestantism. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands in its current form, and has for its entire existence been in opposition. The party has, owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, been called a testimonial party. Since the general election of 2017, it has held 3 of the 150 seats of the House of Representatives." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election", + [ + "The 2018 Wisconsin gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to determine the governor and lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It will occur concurrently with the election of Wisconsin's Class I U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections." + ] + ], + [ + "Democratic Party of Oregon", + [ + "The Democratic Party of Oregon, based in Portland, is the official Oregon affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. It is recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party, along with the Oregon Republican Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. After Oregon was admitted into the Union in 1859, the Democratic party controlled the state. Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections for governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and congressmen. The party holds 38 members in the State House that has 60 representatives total, and 18 members in the State Senate, out of 30 delegates total. The party also holds the Governor's office (Kate Brown), Attorney General (Ellen Rosenblum), Labor Commissioner (Val Hoyle), and State Treasurer (Tobias Read). The Democrats also have both U.S senate positions in their state and send four of the five U.S House representatives from Oregon to D.C." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada", + [ + "The direct participation of the monarch and the governor general in areas of governance is limited. In practice, their use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons of Canada and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau), the head of government. The governor general or monarch may, though, in certain crisis situations exercise their power without ministerial advice. To ensure the stability of government, the governor general will usually appoint as prime minister the individual who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a plurality in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate. The Constitution also calls for a President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate (the Vice President) is absent. In practice, neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore -- customarily the most senior (longest - serving) Senator in the majority party -- actually presides over the Senate on a daily basis; that task is given to junior Senators of the majority party. Since the Vice President may be of a different party than the majority and is not a member subject to discipline, the rules of procedure of the Senate give the presiding officer very little power and none beyond the presiding role. For these reasons, it is the Majority Leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives where the elected Speaker of the House has a great deal of discretionary power and generally presides over votes on bills." + ] + ], + [ + "Alaska", + [ + "Alaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Unicode", + [ + "Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point. E.g., U+000A Line feed (LF) in ASCII is both a control and a formatting separator; in Unicode the General Category is \"Other, Control\". Often, other properties must be used to specify the characteristics and behaviour of a code point. The possible General Categories are:" + ] + ], + [ + "Tammany Hall", + [ + "Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society. It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. It typically controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 and used its patronage resources to build a loyal, well - rewarded core of district and precinct leaders; after 1850 the great majority were Irish Catholics." + ] + ], + [ + "2014 United States Senate elections", + [ + "The Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:" + ] + ], + [ + "Hund's rules", + [ + "In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it is often referred to simply as Hund's Rule." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Alaska gubernatorial election", + [ + "The 2018 Alaska gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Alaska. Incumbent Governor Bill Walker is running for re-election to a second term again as an Independent candidate. In the primaries for recognized political parties, candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor run separately. The winners of each respective primary for Governor and Lieutenant Governor then become a joint ticket in the general election for their political party." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert P. Letcher", + [ + "Robert Perkins Letcher (February 10, 1788 – January 24, 1861) was a politician and lawyer from the US state of Kentucky. He served as a U.S. Representative, Minister to Mexico, and the 15th Governor of Kentucky. He also served in the Kentucky General Assembly where he was Speaker of the House in 1837 and 1838. A strong supporter of the Whig Party, he was a friend of Henry Clay and John J. Crittenden." + ] + ], + [ + "Marshall Islands", + [ + "Legislative power lies with the Nitijela. The upper house of Parliament, called the Council of Iroij, is an advisory body comprising twelve tribal chiefs. The executive branch consists of the President and the Presidential Cabinet, which consists of ten ministers appointed by the President with the approval of the Nitijela. The twenty-four electoral districts into which the country is divided correspond to the inhabited islands and atolls. There are currently four political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon̄ Kein Ad (AKA), United People's Party (UPP), Kien Eo Am (KEA) and United Democratic Party (UDP). Rule is shared by the AKA and the UDP. The following senators are in the legislative body:" + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference." + ] + ], + [ + "Political party", + [ + "The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a \"two-and-a-half party\") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament." + ] + ], + [ + "Standing Rules of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... ''" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__488811_30113", + "question": "What else happened in the northern part of Erich Zakowski's birthplace in the now Russian area?", + "answer": "names were replaced by new Russian names", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Erich Zakowski", + 0 + ], + [ + "East Prussia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Davidson, New South Wales", + [ + "Davidson is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Davidson is located 20 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Davidson is considered to be part of the Forest District, colloquially known as \"The Forest\", which is part of the Northern Beaches area of Sydney. It is known to be the smallest suburb of the Northern beaches, while also being isolated, quiet, and primary known as a residential area with beautiful parks, bush walks and views of the city." + ] + ], + [ + "Arenal Volcano Emergency Forest Reserve", + [ + "Arenal Volcano Emergency Forest Reserve is a Forest Reserve, part of the Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area, in the northern part of Costa Rica in the emergency zone of the Arenal Volcano. It was created in 1972 covering an area of forest, and there are no public facilities at the reserve." + ] + ], + [ + "Occupation of Gori", + [ + "The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian Far East", + [ + "The Russian Far East (Russian: Дальний Восток России, tr. Dal'niy Vostok Rossii; IPA: (ˈdaljnjɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsjiɪ)) is the Russian part of the Far East, i.e. the extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. The Far Eastern Federal District, which covers this area, borders with the Siberian Federal District to the west. The Far Eastern Federal District has land borders with the People's Republic of China and North Korea to the south west and maritime borders with Japan and the United States. Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes (and previously during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mizugaki", + [ + "Mizugaki is a climbing area in Japan, located in the northern part of the Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest of Mizugaki is owned by the Emperor of Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "Dr. Erich Salomon Award", + [ + "The Dr. Erich Salomon Award (Dr.-Erich-Salomon-Preis), dedicated to Erich Salomon, is a lifetime achievement award for photojournalists given by the German Society for Photography (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie, DGPh)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gerd Ludwig", + [ + "Gerd Ludwig (birth name Gerhard Erich Ludwig, born March 17, 1947 in Alsfeld, Hesse, Germany) is a German-American documentary photographer and photojournalist." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian submarine Tver (K-456)", + [ + "The K-456 \"Tver\" is a Russian Oscar class SSGN of the Russian Navy. It was commissioned in 1991 as part of the Russian Northern Fleet and was transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet in September 1993. The submarine is currently based at the Rybachiy Nuclear Submarine Base, in Vilyuchinsk, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky." + ] + ], + [ + "Slavs", + [ + "Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called \"Northern Russians\" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Sinop", + [ + "The Battle of Sinop, or the Battle of Sinope, was a Russian naval victory over the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War that took place on 30 November 1853 at Sinop, a sea port in northern Anatolia, when a squadron of Imperial Russian warships struck and defeated a squadron of Ottoman ships anchored in the harbor. The battle was a contributing factor to bringing France and Britain into the conflict. It is commemorated in Russia as a Day of Military Honour." + ] + ], + [ + "Erich Zakowski", + [ + "Erich Zakowski (born 25 November 1934 in East Prussia) is a German master mechanic, and the founder and longtime head of the Zakspeed racing team." + ] + ], + [ + "Area codes 715 and 534", + [ + "North American telephone area codes 715 and 534 are state of Wisconsin area codes covering most of the northern part of the state." + ] + ], + [ + "El Granada, California", + [ + "El Granada is a census-designated place (CDP) in the coastal area of northern San Mateo County, California, United States. The population was 5,467 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Lemmon Valley, Nevada", + [ + "Lemmon Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 5,040 at the 2010 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010 it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley CDP." + ] + ], + [ + "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact", + [ + "Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine." + ] + ], + [ + "Munyonyo", + [ + "Munyonyo is an area on the northern shores of Lake Victoria and part of the metropolitan area of Kampala, in Makindye Division. Kampala is the capital and largest city of Uganda." + ] + ], + [ + "Aadorp", + [ + "Aadorp is a village on the northern side of Almelo, Netherlands with a population of about 1500; it has been part of the Almelo municipality since 2001. The villagers of Aadorp are very close, since there are so few of them. The central meeting point in Aadorp is the Aahoes, which consists of a meeting hall, and a small barbershop. Also, Aadorp has recreation areas including soccer fields and more. For anything else Aadorp villagers must go to one of the neighboring towns." + ] + ], + [ + "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", + [ + "On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR." + ] + ], + [ + "Golden Valley, Nevada", + [ + "Golden Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,556 at the 2010 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Prior to 2010, it was listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as part of the Lemmon Valley–Golden Valley CDP." + ] + ], + [ + "East Prussia", + [ + "After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new \"House of the Soviets\"." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__426806_42197_18397", + "question": "Where did who argued that the country of citizenship of Victor Denisov had itself beome an imperialist power declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?", + "answer": "the Politburo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Victor Denisov", + 0 + ], + [ + "Korean War", + 0 + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just \"foreign\" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing their own expectations of life and their desire for their own country to become more like the foreign country depicted. For example, depictions of opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea. The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc. Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of Roman culture and lifestyle, with the aim that they would then become willing participants." + ] + ], + [ + "Napoleon", + [ + "Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "Korea was ruled by Imperial Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan, as a result of an agreement with the United States, and liberated Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently moved into the south. By 1948, as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, Korea was split into two regions, with separate governments. Both claimed to be the legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent. The conflict escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces -- supported by the Soviet Union and China -- moved into the south on 25 June 1950. On 27 June, the United Nations Security Council authorized the formation and dispatch of UN forces to Korea to repel what was recognized as a North Korean invasion. Twenty - one countries of the United Nations eventually contributed to the UN force, with the United States providing 88% of the UN's military personnel." + ] + ], + [ + "Ogaden War", + [ + "As Somalia gained military strength, Ethiopia grew weaker. In September 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie had been overthrown by the Derg (the military council), marking a period of turmoil. The Derg quickly fell into internal conflict to determine who would have primacy. Meanwhile, various anti-Derg as well as separatist movements began throughout the country. The regional balance of power now favoured Somalia." + ] + ], + [ + "Victor Denisov", + [ + "Victor L. Denisov (Victor Leonovich Denisov) (17 January 1944, Moscow, USSR) – a Russian playwright. The author of 33 plays. Known for depicting reality in forms and displays that are not typical to the Russian theater. A member of the Moscow Writers Union (1995) and of the Theater Workers Union of the Russian Federation. A specialist in American 20th century drama. A translator of more than 20 plays from English, as well as of novels, novellas, short stories and essays. Ph.D. in philology (1982)." + ] + ], + [ + "War on Terror", + [ + "The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage." + ] + ], + [ + "Declaration of war by the United States", + [ + "The United States has formally declared war against foreign nations five separate times, each upon prior request by the President of the United States. Four of those five declarations came after hostilities had begun. James Madison reported that in the Federal Convention of 1787, the phrase ``make war ''was changed to`` declare war'' in order to leave to the Executive the power to repel sudden attacks but not to commence war without the explicit approval of Congress. Debate continues as to the legal extent of the President's authority in this regard. Public opposition to American involvement in foreign wars, particularly during the 1930s, was expressed as support for a Constitutional Amendment that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war. Several Constitutional Amendments, such as the Ludlow Amendment, have been proposed that would require a national referendum on a declaration of war." + ] + ], + [ + "Phonograph record", + [ + "Ultimately, the New Orthophonic curve was disclosed in a publication by R.C. Moyer of RCA Victor in 1953. He traced RCA Victor characteristics back to the Western Electric \"rubber line\" recorder in 1925 up to the early 1950s laying claim to long-held recording practices and reasons for major changes in the intervening years. The RCA Victor New Orthophonic curve was within the tolerances for the NAB/NARTB, Columbia LP, and AES curves. It eventually became the technical predecessor to the RIAA curve." + ] + ], + [ + "American Civil War", + [ + "Eight remaining slave states continued to reject calls for secession. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln's March 4, 1861, inaugural address declared that his administration would not initiate a civil war. Speaking directly to the ``Southern States '', he attempted to calm their fears of any threats to slavery, reaffirming,`` I have no purpose, directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the United States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.'' After Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy, efforts at compromise failed and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on ``King Cotton ''that they would intervene, but none did, and none recognized the new Confederate States of America." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that the Americans would intervene but agreed to support the North Korean invasion. China desperately needed the economic and military aid promised by the Soviets. At that time, the Chinese were in the process of demobilizing half of the PLA's 5.6 million soldiers. However, Mao sent more ethnic Korean PLA veterans to Korea and promised to move an army closer to the Korean border. Once Mao's commitment was secured, preparations for war accelerated." + ] + ], + [ + "Korean War", + [ + "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone." + ] + ], + [ + "Victor-class submarine", + [ + "The Victor class, Soviet designations Project 671 \"Yorsh, Project 671RT \"Syomga and Project 671RTM/RTMK \"Shchuka\", (NATO reporting names Victor I, Victor II and Victor III respectively), are series of nuclear-powered attack submarines built in the Soviet Union and operated by the Soviet Navy. Since 1960s, 48 units were built in total of the last remaining units are currently in service with the Russian Navy. The Victor-class submarines featured a teardrop shape, which allowed them to travel at high speed. These vessels were primarily designed to protect Soviet surface fleets and to attack American ballistic missile submarines. Project 671 begun in 1959 and design task was assigned to SKB-143, one of the two predecessors (the other being OKB-16) of the famous Malachite Central Design Bureau, which would eventually become one of the three Soviet/Russian submarine design centers, along with Rubin Design Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau." + ] + ], + [ + "Cuban War of Independence", + [ + "The Cuban War of Independence (, 1895–98) was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians." + ] + ], + [ + "Imperialism", + [ + "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism." + ] + ], + [ + "Rule of law", + [ + "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture", + [ + "Matthew Arnold contrasted \"culture\" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted \"culture\" with \"the state of nature\". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between \"civilized\" and \"uncivilized.\" According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects." + ] + ], + [ + "Sophia (robot)", + [ + "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''.." + ] + ], + [ + "World War II", + [ + "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier. The vast majority of the world's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most global war in history; it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease and the only use of nuclear weapons in war." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__654651_55349_651302", + "question": "What is the place of birth of who does the voice of stan on the series that Insecurity is part of?", + "answer": "Denver", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dian Bachar", + 0 + ], + [ + "List of South Park cast members", + 0 + ], + [ + "Insecurity (South Park)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Chef (South Park)", + [ + "Jerome ``Chef ''McElroy is a cartoon character on the Comedy Central series South Park who was voiced by Isaac Hayes. A cafeteria worker at the local elementary school in the town of South Park, Colorado, Chef is generally portrayed as more level - headed than the other adult residents of the town, and sympathetic to the children. His guidance is often sought by the show's core group of child protagonists -- Eric Cartman, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, and Kenny McCormick -- as he is usually the only adult whom they consistently trusted. To an inadvertent fault, he frequently gives inappropriate advice, usually in the non sequitur form of a lascivious soul song." + ] + ], + [ + "Dian Bachar", + [ + "Dian Bachar (; born October 26, 1970 in Denver, Colorado) is an American actor most notable for his roles in various films by or starring his friends Trey Parker and Matt Stone, such as \"Cannibal! The Musical\" (George Noon), \"Orgazmo\" (Ben Chapleski) and his most famous role as Kenny \"Squeak\" Scolari in 1998's \"BASEketball\", as well as making the occasional appearance on \"South Park\". He appeared as an alien engineer in \"Galaxy Quest\". Although the bulk of his scenes were cut, he can be seen on the DVD's \"Special Features\"." + ] + ], + [ + "List of South Park cast members", + [ + "Trey Parker voices four of the main characters: Stan Marsh, Eric Cartman, Randy Marsh and Mr. Garrison. He also provides the voices of several recurring characters, such as Clyde Donovan, Mr. Hankey, Mr. Mackey, Stephen Stotch, Jimmy Valmer, Timmy Burch, Tuong Lu Kim and Phillip." + ] + ], + [ + "Gamla stan metro station", + [ + "Gamla stan metro station is a station of the Stockholm metro, located in the district of Gamla stan. It is served by the Red and the Green lines. The station was opened on 24 November 1957 as part of the connection between Slussen and Hötorget which thereby connected east and west parts of the green line. On 5 April 1964, the first stretch of the Red line, between T-Centralen and Fruängen, was opened." + ] + ], + [ + "Buzz Lightyear", + [ + "Tim Allen voiced the character in the Toy Story film series and the Buzz Lightyear movie, while Patrick Warburton provided Buzz's voice for the TV series, and Pat Fraley voiced him for the video games and the attractions in Disney Parks." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen Russell", + [ + "Stephen Russell is an American actor, writer, theater director, and voice actor best known for his voice acting in the \"Thief\" video game series as the protagonist Garrett and the Mister Handys in the \"Fallout\" series." + ] + ], + [ + "A Piñata Named Desire", + [ + "\"A Piñata Named Desire\" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series \"American Dad!\". It first aired on Fox in the United States on February 13, 2011. This episode mainly centers on Roger and Stan, who begin to experience tensions growing against each other for the dominant figure in the house. Roger becomes tired of Stan's stance as the authoritarian figure of the house, and he challenges Stan's leadership qualities. Stan insists that he is better at Roger at everything, and he tells him that he has a mission that involves acting. Unknown to Stan, Roger spies on him, only to find out that Stan is a terrible actor. Roger later boasts to the house that he is a better actor than Stan, but he eventually teaches him to improve his acting skills. Meanwhile, Steve and his friends plan to throw their last slumber party together." + ] + ], + [ + "Arnaud Joyet", + [ + "Arnaud Joyet (born 3 April 1974) is a French singer, musician, comedian and theatre director. He plays Stan in the series \"Hero Corp\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Jamieson Price", + [ + "Jamieson Kent Price (born April 28, 1961) is an American voice actor, best known for his deep and booming voice for numerous anime and video games. He is known as the voice of Largo the Black Lion in \"Tales of the Abyss\", Iron Tager from the \"BlazBlue\" series, the Count of Monte Cristo in \"Gankutsuou\", Ovan in \".hack//G.U.\", and Galbalan, the main villain of \"\" and Milton Grimm from \"Ever After High\". Price also had a part in the 2000 movie \"The Patriot\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Line Describing a Cone", + [ + "Line Describing a Cone is a film produced in 1973 by artist Anthony McCall as part of his \"solid light\" film series. McCall's reduction of film to the essential properties of the medium resembles the work of other radical artists of his time, and has inspired various projects by artists such as Stan Douglas, Richard Serra, and Gordon Matta-Clark." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Back to the Future characters", + [ + "The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini." + ] + ], + [ + "Insecurity (South Park)", + [ + "\"Insecurity\" is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom \"South Park\", and the 233rd episode of the series overall. It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 10, 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Seed of Chucky", + [ + "Brad Dourif as the voice of Chucky Jennifer Tilly as herself / the voice of Tiffany Billy Boyd as the voice of Glen Beans El - Balawi as Human Glen Kristina Hewitt as Human Glenda Redman as himself Hannah Spearritt as Joan John Waters as Pete Peters Jason Flemyng as himself / Santa Steve Lawton as Stan Tony Gardner as himself Rebecca Santos as Fulvia Keith - Lee Castle as Bill ``Psychs ''Sykes Paul Grossman as Little Boy Simon James Morgan as Richard Stephanie Chambers as Claudia's mom Betty Simons - Denville as Claudia" + ] + ], + [ + "Gemini Division", + [ + "Gemini Division is an American science fiction series of five- to seven-minute long episodes created by Electric Farm Entertainment which went into production in March 2008. Based on an original story by Brent Friedman the online series was developed by Joshua Stern. The show currently airs on NBC.com as part of their online content lineup. The series began August 18, 2008. The series stars Rosario Dawson, who worked with Electric Farm Entertainment on the Webby nominated cult internet series \"Afterworld\". J Alex Reed and Duane Loose will be showrunners, while Brent Friedman and Stan Rowgow serve as executive producers. The writing staff includes Brent Friedman, Andy Black, Lawrence Frank, and Jacqui Zambrano. Stan Rogow is also credited as Director and is presumed to direct a number of the episodes with the rest being directed by Neal Israel. Web content development is being managed by producers Ben Raab and Deric Hugues web content producers." + ] + ], + [ + "Rapture's Delight", + [ + "\"Rapture's Delight\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series \"American Dad!\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 13, 2009. This episode centers around Stan and Francine's life after the vast majority of the church, including Hayley and Steve, are raptured. When Stan begins to blame Francine for not getting into heaven, Francine ends their relationship and befriends a man whom she later finds out to be Jesus. Francine becomes his bride, leaving Stan behind to participate in the armageddon." + ] + ], + [ + "Spider-Man (1967 TV series)", + [ + "Spider - Man is an animated television series in the superhero fiction genre. It was the original animated TV series based on the Spider - Man comic book series created by writer Stan Lee and designed by artist Steve Ditko, and was jointly produced in Canada (voice acting) and the United States (animation). The first two seasons aired on the ABC television network, and the third was distributed in syndication. Grantray - Lawrence Animation produced the first season, and seasons two and three were produced by Krantz Films in New York City. The show starred Paul Soles as Peter Parker (Spider - Man). The series ran from September 9, 1967, to June 14, 1970." + ] + ], + [ + "Steve Smith (American Dad!)", + [ + "Steven Anita ``Steve ''Smith is a fictional character in the animated television series American Dad!, voiced by Scott Grimes. He is Stan and Francine Smith's only son and Hayley's younger brother as well as the youngest of the series' six main characters." + ] + ], + [ + "Dog with a Blog", + [ + "The Voice of ``Stan ''(Stephen Full) is the James - Jennings family's new dog who blogs and talks. He keeps his secret of talking from Ellen and Bennett, and the only people who know that Stan can talk are Avery, Tyler, Chloe, Karl, and Grandma James. Stan hates noisy pomeranians and has a deep love of poodles. It is shown that Avery is his favorite child which is also based on the fact they talk to each other the most of the three kids. As shown in`` World of Woofcraft'', he likes the game ``Realm of the Tower ''. Although at times he seems almost human, he is still a dog and has many dog qualities and is very sensitive about it. Stan, while he does not like to admit it, is also part cat and blames the fact that his dog ancestor`` married'' his one cat ancestor because it was the 1970s. Stan has a beloved toy monkey named Robert who is his companion. Grandma James found Robert while cleaning the family room and announced that the toy was so disgustingly filthy, it was going straight to the trash. Stan panicked and shouted Robert's name right in front of her, exposing his secret and making Grandma James faint. Stan is also very sensitive about being called ``just a dog '', which Avery called him in the episode`` Stan Runs Away''. After a year of secretly writing a blog about his experiences with the family, Avery, Chloe, and Tyler soon discover Stan's blog in ``The Kids Find Out Stan Blogs ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Dog Star Man", + [ + "Dog Star Man is a series of short experimental films, all directed by Stan Brakhage, featuring Jane Wodening. It was released during 1961 to 1964 and comprises a prelude and four parts." + ] + ], + [ + "Not What He Seems", + [ + "\"Not What He Seems\" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American animated television series \"Gravity Falls\", created by Alex Hirsch. The episode was written by Shion Takeuchi, Josh Weinstein, Jeff Rowe, Matt Chapman, and Hirsch, and directed by Stephen Sandoval. The series follows twelve-year-old twins Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who stay for the summer with their great uncle Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch) in a tourist trap called the Mystery Shack, set within the fictional town of Gravity Falls, Oregon. In this episode, Dipper and Mabel begin to question who Stan really is after officers arrest him for stealing chemical waste. The episode, which breaks the show's status quo by introducing Stan's long-lost twin brother, ends with a cliffhanger to the second half of the season." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__746868_88460_30152_20999", + "question": "How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Muang Kasi's country?", + "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + 0 + ], + [ + "Muang Kasi", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth League (SYL) and other nascent Somali political organizations, such as Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) and the Somali National League (SNL) — that Somalia achieve independence within ten years. British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until 1960." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam (until 1939 and again from 1946 to 1948), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Bangkok. With around 69 million people, Thailand is the 20th-most - populous country in the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "Economic and political migrations made an impact across the empire. For example, the Russian and Austria-Habsburg annexation of the Crimean and Balkan regions respectively saw large influxes of Muslim refugees – 200,000 Crimean Tartars fleeing to Dobruja. Between 1783 and 1913, approximately 5–7 million refugees flooded into the Ottoman Empire, at least 3.8 million of whom were from Russia. Some migrations left indelible marks such as political tension between parts of the empire (e.g. Turkey and Bulgaria) whereas centrifugal effects were noticed in other territories, simpler demographics emerging from diverse populations. Economies were also impacted with the loss of artisans, merchants, manufacturers and agriculturists. Since the 19th century, a large proportion of Muslim peoples from the Balkans emigrated to present-day Turkey. These people are called Muhacir. By the time the Ottoman Empire came to an end in 1922, half of the urban population of Turkey was descended from Muslim refugees from Russia." + ] + ], + [ + "Communications in Somalia", + [ + "There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. After closing down operations in the early 1990s due to the civil war, the station was officially re-opened in the early 2000s by the Transitional National Government. In the late 2000s, Radio Mogadishu also launched a complementary website of the same name, with news items in Somali, Arabic and English." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Thailand", + [ + "Thailand (/ ˈtaɪlænd / TY - land), officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a country at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces. At 513,120 km (198,120 sq mi) and over 68 million people, Thailand is the world's 50th largest country by total area and the 21st-most - populous country. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, a special administrative area. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Although nominally a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, the most recent coup in 2014 established a de facto military dictatorship." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of three provinces, Assam, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district - wide Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese." + ] + ], + [ + "Ban Pha Tang", + [ + "Ban Pha Tang or Ban Phatang is a small town in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located north along Route 13 from Vang Vieng, north of Ban Pakpo, on the bank of the Nam Song River. From Ban Pha Tang, the road climbs steeply to Ban Phahom, Ban Thieng and Muang Kasi. Lonely Planet describes it as a \"pretty riverside village named after Pha Tang, a towering limestone cliff. The town's bridge offers a very photogenic view of its namesake.\" Phatang Resort lies to the south of the settlement." + ] + ], + [ + "Muang Kasi", + [ + "Muang Kasi is a river town in Vientiane Province, Laos. It is located to the north of Ban Thieng along Route 13. The Pathet Lao were active in Muang Kasi." + ] + ], + [ + "Portugal", + [ + "The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula. By 1139, Portugal had established itself as a kingdom independent from León. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded Western influence and established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard." + ] + ], + [ + "Patani United Liberation Organisation", + [ + "The Patani United Liberation Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pembebasan Bersatu Patani; abbreviated PULO) is a separatist insurgent group in Thailand, calling for an independent Patani. The PULO, along with others, is currently fighting for the independence of Thailand's predominantly Malay Muslim south." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With very few exceptions, Somalis are entirely Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although a few are also adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe." + ] + ], + [ + "Pakxan", + [ + "Paksane, Paksan or Muang Pakxan (Lao ປາກຊັນ) () is a town in Bolikhamsai Province, in western Laos. It is the capital of Paksan District. The Nam Xan River joins the Mekong River at Paksan on the border with Thailand, opposite Bung Kan. Paksan is well connected to the south of Laos by Route 13." + ] + ], + [ + "Somalis", + [ + "In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop3__661103_698586_89595_54362", + "question": "Who burned down the city where Dunn Dunn's recording artist died during the conflict after which occurred the historical period of A Rose for Emily?", + "answer": "Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dunn Dunn", + 0 + ], + [ + "Atlanta in the American Civil War", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Rose for Emily", + 0 + ], + [ + "Shawty Lo discography", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "You're Gonna Miss Me When I'm Gone", + [ + "``You're Gonna Miss Me When I'm Gone ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in June 1995 as the fourth single from their third album Waitin 'on Sundown. The song reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. This is the third single to feature Kix Brooks on lead vocals instead of Ronnie Dunn, and the only single of such that was one of Brooks & Dunn's twenty Billboard Number One hits. The song was written by the duo along with Don Cook." + ] + ], + [ + "That Ain't No Way to Go", + [ + "``That Ai n't No Way To Go ''Single by Brooks & Dunn from the album Hard Workin 'Man B - side`` I Ca n't Put Out This Fire'' Released March 28, 1994 Format CD Single, 7 ''Recorded 1992 -- 1993 Genre Country Length 3: 37 Label Arista 12669 Songwriter (s) Kix Brooks Don Cook Ronnie Dunn Producer (s) Don Cook Scott Hendricks Brooks & Dunn singles chronology ``Rock My World (Little Country Girl)'' (1993)`` That Ai n't No Way To Go ''(1994) ``She's Not the Cheatin' Kind'' (1994)`` Rock My World (Little Country Girl) ''(1993) ``That Ai n't No Way To Go'' (1994)`` She's Not the Cheatin 'Kind ''(1994)" + ] + ], + [ + "Only When I Love", + [ + "\"Only When I Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. It was released in August 1987 as the second single from the album \"Cornerstone\". The song reached #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Dunn, Tom Shapiro and Chris Waters." + ] + ], + [ + "Col. Crawford Burn Site Monument", + [ + "The Colonel Crawford Burn Site Monument is a war monument in rural Wyandot County, Ohio, United States. Placed in the 1870s, it commemorates the death by burning of Colonel William Crawford during the concluding years of the American Revolution. The stone monument itself was long the subject of local interest, and it has been named a historic site." + ] + ], + [ + "Velma Dunn", + [ + "Velma Clancy Dunn (later \"Ploessel\", October 9, 1918 – May 8, 2007) was an American diver who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Dunn Dunn", + [ + "\"Dunn Dunn\", produced by Born Immaculate and DJ Pooh, is the second single from Shawty Lo's debut solo album, \"Units in the City\". Part of Shawty Lo's third single, \"Foolish,\" is played at the end. However, at the end of the video \"to be continued\" is seen on the screen." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlanta in the American Civil War", + [ + "In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed." + ] + ], + [ + "Gerold C. Dunn", + [ + "Gerold Camarillo Dunn (July 11, 1911 – July 19, 1980) was an American attorney and jurist, who served as an Associate Justice of the California Court of Appeal for the Second Appellate District in Division 4 from 1968 to 1977 and a Judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court from 1967 to 1968. Dunn was appointed to both posts by California Governor Ronald Reagan." + ] + ], + [ + "A Rose for Emily", + [ + "The story opens with a brief first - person account of the funeral of Emily Grierson, an elderly Southern woman whose funeral is the obligation of their small town. It then proceeds in a non-linear fashion to the narrator's recollections of Emily's archaic and increasingly strange behavior throughout the years. Emily is a member of a family of the antebellum Southern aristocracy. After the Civil War, the family falls into hard times. She and her father, the last two of the clan, continue to live as if in the past; Emily's father refuses for her to marry. Her father dies when Emily is about the age of 30, which takes her by surprise. She refuses to give up his corpse, and the townspeople write it off as her grieving process. The townspeople pity Emily not only after her father's death, but also during his life when he would n't let Emily marry." + ] + ], + [ + "Under the Northern Sky", + [ + "Under the Northern Sky is the first full-length album by the Finnish melodic death metal band Immortal Souls. This album was the last recording to be released by previous record label, \"Little Rose Productions\" in 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "Two-Fisted Gentleman", + [ + "Two-Fisted Gentleman is a 1936 American drama film directed by Gordon Wiles and starring James Dunn, June Clayworth and George McKay." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Someone Like Me", + [ + "\"Love Someone Like Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Holly Dunn. It was released in May 1987 as the first single from the album \"Cornerstone\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Dunn and Radney Foster." + ] + ], + [ + "Shawty Lo discography", + [ + "The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist)." + ] + ], + [ + "Dunn Center, North Dakota", + [ + "Dunn Center is a city in Dunn County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 146 at the 2010 census. Dunn Center was founded in 1914." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career strikeouts by batters leaders", + [ + "Reggie Jackson holds the record for the most career strikeouts by a batter with 2,597. Jim Thome (2,548), Adam Dunn (2,379), Sammy Sosa (2,306), Alex Rodriguez (2,287) and Andres Galarraga (2,003) are the only other hitters to strikeout over 2,000 times." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen Dunn (sound engineer)", + [ + "Stephen Dunn (December 26, 1894 – February 3, 1980) was an American sound engineer. He won two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound Recording and was nominated twice more in the same category." + ] + ], + [ + "Burning Heart Records", + [ + "Burning Heart Records is an independent record label formed in 1993 in Fagersta, Sweden and currently based in Örebro. It has a close affiliation with Californian label Epitaph Records, who own the rights to distribute Burning Heart's output in North America. It also started a German office in Berlin in the end of 2003." + ] + ], + [ + "Lazer Team", + [ + "Lazer Team is a 2015 American science fiction action comedy film directed, produced, and co-written by Matt Hullum. The first feature film produced by Rooster Teeth, it stars Burnie Burns, Gavin Free, Michael Jones, Colton Dunn, Allie DeBerry, and Alan Ritchson. The film follows the Lazer Team, a group of four who find themselves responsible for the fate of the planet upon discovering an alien crash site containing a battle suit." + ] + ], + [ + "Up the Junction", + [ + "Up the Junction is a 1963 collection of short stories by Nell Dunn that depicts contemporary life in the industrial slums of Battersea and Clapham Junction." + ] + ], + [ + "List of supermarket chains in Ireland", + [ + "Name Stores Parent SuperValu 222 Musgraves Tesco 149 Tesco plc Lidl 150 Schwarz Gruppe Aldi 129 Aldi Dunnes Stores 116 Dunnes Stores Eurospar 60 BWG Foods M&S FoodHall 15 Marks & Spencer plc Iceland 12 Iceland Foods Ltd Donnybrook Fair 6 Donnybrook Fair Joyces 365 5 Joyces 365 Fresh 5 Fresh" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__72686_83769", + "question": "Who did the actor who played Batman in the new Justice League play in Dazed and Confused?", + "answer": "Fred O'Bannion", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Dazed and Confused (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Justice League (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Dazed and Confused (film)", + [ + "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers." + ] + ], + [ + "Gal Gadot", + [ + "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League." + ] + ], + [ + "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice", + [ + "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Flash and Cyborg. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman, whom Luthor is obsessed with defeating." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris Vitali", + [ + "Chris Vitali (born 1974) is an American musician. Known for his flamboyant style of playing the bass guitar, Vitali has played in numerous bands in the New York City rock scene since 1990. Most notably, he was the bassist for New York City's prolific hard rock act Orange 9mm from 1995-1999. His other projects have included Hermaphrochrist, Burn, Head Assembly, and The Fuzz (not to be confused with the 1970s musical act The Fuzz)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gal Gadot", + [ + "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continuing again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise." + ] + ], + [ + "Gordon Falcon", + [ + "Gordon Falcon is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who played rugby league professionally for the Penrith Panthers and rugby union for the New Zealand Māori and Hawke's Bay." + ] + ], + [ + "Noel Hollingdale", + [ + "Herbert Noel Hollingdale (1911 - 2000) was a former rugby league footballer who played in the New South Wales Rugby League competition." + ] + ], + [ + "Andrew Lepani", + [ + "Andrew Lepani (born 28 August 1979) in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea is a footballer who plays as a Midfielder. He has played for PS United Port Moresby and Cosmos Port Moresby. He currently plays for Hekari United in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League and the Papua New Guinea national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "New York Power", + [ + "The New York Power was an American professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA), the first professional soccer league for women in the United States. The team played at Mitchel Athletic Complex in Uniondale, New York. The team played from 2001 to 2003 when the league ceased operations." + ] + ], + [ + "Glenn Chapman", + [ + "Glenn Justice Chapman (January 21, 1906, in Cambridge City, Indiana – November 5, 1988, in Richmond, Indiana) was an American Major League Baseball player. Nicknamed \"Pete\", he played in 67 games for the Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1934 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Lianne Sanderson", + [ + "In 2013, Lianne Sanderson signed with Boston Breakers to play in the new National Women's Soccer League. Sanderson and Lohman went on loan to Cypriot club Apollon Limassol after the American season had finished, to play in the UEFA Women's Champions League." + ] + ], + [ + "Justice League (film)", + [ + "With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped. The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team - up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman. In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script. Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films. In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio. Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby. Although Justice League was initially announced as a two - part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand - alone stories." + ] + ], + [ + "Batman Beyond", + [ + "Batman Beyond (known as Batman of the Future in Latin America, Europe, Asia and Australia) is an American animated television series developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Alan Burnett and produced by Warner Bros. Animation in collaboration with DC Comics as a continuation of the Batman legacy. Depicting a teenaged Batman in a futuristic Gotham City under the tutelage of an elderly Bruce Wayne, the series began airing on January 10, 1999, and ended its run on December 18, 2002. After 52 episodes spanning three seasons and one direct-to-video , the series was put on hold for the \"Justice League\" animated series, despite the network having announced plans for a fourth season." + ] + ], + [ + "Gal Gadot", + [ + "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. She is famous for portraying Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), then the solo film Wonder Woman and latest film Justice League (both released in 2017). She also starred as Gisele Yashar in three The Fast and the Furious films." + ] + ], + [ + "Justice League (film)", + [ + "Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the follow - up to 2016's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, and Ray Fisher as the titular team, with Amy Adams, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J.K. Simmons in supporting roles. In the film, Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after Superman's death to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons." + ] + ], + [ + "Gal Gadot", + [ + "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise." + ] + ], + [ + "Arthur Carlaw", + [ + "Arthur Carlaw was a New Zealand rugby league player who played a role in the establishment of the sport in New Zealand and represented New Zealand." + ] + ], + [ + "Terry Jones (ice hockey)", + [ + "Born in 1946, Jones was selected by the New York Rangers in the second round (tenth overall) of the 1963 NHL Amateur Draft. Although he never played in the National Hockey League, Jones went on to play professional hockey in the Eastern Hockey League with the New Haven Blades, and also in Western International Hockey League with the Nelson Maple Leafs and Trail Smoke Eaters." + ] + ], + [ + "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice", + [ + "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder, it is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor (Eisenberg) manipulates Batman (Affleck) into a preemptive battle with Superman (Cavill), who Luthor is obsessed with defeating." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Freeze", + [ + "Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__696442_51329", + "question": "What movie did Lauren Bacall's spouse win his only Oscar?", + "answer": "The African Queen", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Humphrey Bogart", + 0 + ], + [ + "Bold Venture", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Oscar Swahn", + [ + "Oscar Gomer Swahn (20 October 1847 -- 1 May 1927) was a Swedish shooter who competed at three Olympic games and won six medals, including three gold. An elderly but successful competitor, Swahn remains to this day the oldest Olympian at the time of competition, the oldest person to win gold, and the oldest person to win an Olympic medal." + ] + ], + [ + "The Gift of Love", + [ + "The Gift of Love is a 1958 DeLuxe Color in CinemaScope film directed by Jean Negulesco and starring Lauren Bacall and Robert Stack." + ] + ], + [ + "Marcel Bozzuffi", + [ + "Marcel Bozzuffi (28 October 19281 February 1988) was a French film actor, perhaps best remembered for his role as a brutal hitman in the Oscar-winning American film \"The French Connection\". In 1963, he married French actress Françoise Fabian." + ] + ], + [ + "70th Academy Awards", + [ + "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23, 1998. With eleven awards, Titanic tied with Ben - Hur for the most academy awards in Oscar history. It also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenplay nomination since 1965's The Sound of Music. Best Actress winner Helen Hunt was the first performer to win an Oscar while concurrently starring in a television series; Jack Nicholson became the fourth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. Both won for their roles in As Good as it Gets, making it the seventh film to win both lead acting awards. Nominated for their performances as Rose DeWitt Bukater in Titanic, Best Actress nominee Kate Winslet and Best Supporting Actress nominee Gloria Stuart became the first pair of actress nominated for portraying the same character in the same film. At age 87, Stuart also became the oldest performer nominated for a competitive Oscar." + ] + ], + [ + "Humphrey Bogart", + [ + "During a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary Jane Ward", + [ + "Mary Jane Ward (August 27, 1905 in Fairmount, Indiana - February 17, 1981, in Tucson, Arizona) was an American novelist whose semi-autobiographical book \"The Snake Pit\" was made into an Oscar-winning film." + ] + ], + [ + "Finding Fela", + [ + "Finding Fela is a 2014 documentary film by Oscar-winning director Alex Gibney, portraying and analysing the life of pioneering musician Fela Kuti. The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Project X (2012 film)", + [ + "Project X is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Nima Nourizadeh and written by Michael Bacall and Matt Drake based on a story by Bacall, and produced by director Todd Phillips. The film follows three friends—Thomas (Thomas Mann), Costa (Oliver Cooper) and J.B. (Jonathan Daniel Brown)—who plan to gain popularity by throwing a party, a plan which quickly escalates out of their control." + ] + ], + [ + "Oscar Saul", + [ + "Oscar Saul (December 26, 1912, New York City – May 23, 1994, Los Angeles) was an American writer. Saul wrote or collaborated on the screenplays for numerous movies from the 1940s through to the early 1980s. His best-known work was on the screen adaptation of Tennessee Williams' \"A Streetcar Named Desire\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Howl's Moving Castle (film)", + [ + "Character Japanese English (Disney Release) Sophie (Sofî) (young) Chieko Baisho Emily Mortimer Sophie (old) Jean Simmons Howl (Hauru) Takuya Kimura Christian Bale Witch of the Waste (Arechi No Majo) Akihiro Miwa Lauren Bacall Calcifer (Karushifā) Tatsuya Gashūin Billy Crystal Markl (Marukuru) Ryūnosuke Kamiki Josh Hutcherson Madame Suliman (Sariman) Haruko Kato Blythe Danner Lettie Yayoi Kazuki Jena Malone Honey Mayuno Yasokawa Mari Devon Prince Justin / Turnip Head (Kakashi No Kabu) Yō Ōizumi Crispin Freeman Madge Rio Kanno Liliana Mumy King of Ingary (Kokuō) Akio Ōtsuka Mark Silverman Hin Daijirō Harada" + ] + ], + [ + "Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)", + [ + "The music video, a 1980s club - themed movie - style music video, was released on YouTube on October 23, 2014. It stars professional dancer Lauren Taft alongside Petricca." + ] + ], + [ + "All the King's Men (1949 film)", + [ + "All the King's Men is a 1949 American film noir written, produced, and directed by Robert Rossen. It is based on the Robert Penn Warren novel of the same name. The triple Oscar-winning production features Broderick Crawford in the role of the ambitious and sometimes ruthless politician, Willie Stark." + ] + ], + [ + "Bold Venture", + [ + "Bold Venture was a syndicated radio series starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall that aired from 1951 to 1952. Morton Fine and David Friedkin scripted the taped series for Bogart's Santana Productions." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumbleweeds (1925 film)", + [ + "Tumbleweeds is a 1925 American Western film starring and produced by William S. Hart. It depicts the Cherokee Strip land rush of 1893. The film is said to have influenced the Oscar-winning 1931 Western \"Cimarron\", which also depicts the land rush. The 1939 Astor Pictures' re-release of \"Tumbleweeds\" includes an 8-minute introduction by the then 75-year-old Hart as he talks about his career and the \"glories of the old west.\" \"Tumbleweeds\" was Hart's last movie." + ] + ], + [ + "84th Academy Awards", + [ + "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar." + ] + ], + [ + "Roy Dotrice", + [ + "Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award - winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten. Film audiences know him best for his role as Leopold Mozart in the Oscar - winning film Amadeus. He is also known for narrating the audio book versions of the A Song of Ice and Fire series." + ] + ], + [ + "Turner Classic Movies", + [ + "The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers that are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release." + ] + ], + [ + "Cool Hand Luke", + [ + "Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg, starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar - winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke, a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system." + ] + ], + [ + "The Omen", + [ + "Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, \"The Omen\" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with \"\", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, \"\", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006." + ] + ], + [ + "Howl's Moving Castle (film)", + [ + "Character Japanese English (Disney Release) Sophie (Sofî) (young) Chieko Baisho Emily Mortimer Sophie (old) Jean Simmons Howl (Hauru) Takuya Kimura Christian Bale Witch of the Waste (Arechi No Majo) Akihiro Miwa Lauren Bacall Calcifer (Karushifā) Tatsuya Gashūin Billy Crystal Markl (Marukuru) Ryūnosuke Kamiki Josh Hutcherson Madame Suliman (Sariman) Haruko Kato Blythe Danner Lettie Yayoi Kazuki Jena Malone Honey Mayuno Yasokawa Mari Devon Prince Justin / Turnip Head (Kakashi No Kabu) Yō Ōizumi Crispin Freeman Madge Rio Kanno Liliana Mumy King of Ingary (Kokuō) Akio Ōtsuka Mark Silverman Hin Daijirō Harada Frank Welker" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__169443_83769", + "question": "Who did the screenwriter for Good Will Hunting play in Dazed and Confused?", + "answer": "Fred O'Bannion", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Dazed and Confused (film)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sadie Plant", + [ + "Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the \"Financial Times\", \"Wired\", \"Blueprint\", and \"Dazed and Confused\". She published the book Z\"eros + Ones\" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of \"Time\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Hot Wheels", + [ + "In 2007, Mattel introduced a two - tiered Treasure Hunt system. A regular Treasure Hunt will feature normal enamel paint and normal wheels like other Hot Wheels cars. The production of these is rumored to be greater than previous T - Hunts. ``Super ''Treasure Hunts are much harder to find. Like Treasure Hunts of the past, a Super Treasure Hunt features premium wheels and Spectraflame paint, as well as (starting in 2015), a golden - colored circle - flame logo printed on the card behind the car. Many Hot Wheels Collectors have noticed in recent times that the US Basic mixes are more likely to have a Super Treasure Hunt in them compared to International Mixes." + ] + ], + [ + "70th Academy Awards", + [ + "Titanic won a record - tying eleven awards including Best Director for James Cameron and Best Picture. Other winners included As Good as It Gets, Good Will Hunting and L.A. Confidential with two awards, and The Full Monty, Geri's Game, Karakter, The Long Way Home, Visas and Virtue, Men in Black and A Story of Healing with one. The telecast garnered more than 57 million viewers in the United States, making it the most watched Oscars broadcast in history." + ] + ], + [ + "My School Daze", + [ + "My School Daze (simplified Chinese: 书包太重) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, Mediacorp Channel 8. It made its debut on 29 April 2009 and ended on 26 May 2009. This drama serial consists of 20 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. It reflects the education system in Singapore." + ] + ], + [ + "Matthew McConaughey", + [ + "Matthew McConaughey (; born November 4, 1969) is an American actor and producer. He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused (1993), which is considered by many to be the actor's breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield and Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994), McConaughey's breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill (1996). He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact and the historical drama Amistad (1997), the comedy-drama The Newton Boys (1998), the satire EDtv (1999), the war drama U-571 (2000) and the psychological thriller Frailty (2001)." + ] + ], + [ + "Rhys Adrian", + [ + "Rhys Adrian Griffiths (28 February 1928 – 8 February 1990) was a British playwright and screenwriter. He is best known for his radio plays, which are characterised by their emphasis upon dialogue rather than narrative." + ] + ], + [ + "List of awards and nominations received by Matt Damon", + [ + "Damon and Ben Affleck wrote \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), a screenplay about a young math genius, which received nine Academy Awards nominations, earning Damon and Affleck Oscars and Golden Globes for Best Screenplay. Damon was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for the same film. Since then he has received dozens of nominations and awards for his work as an actor, screenwriter, and producer including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his role in \"The Martian\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Lewis Hunt", + [ + "Lewis James Hunt (born 25 August 1982 in Birmingham, West Midlands) is an English footballer who last played for Sutton United." + ] + ], + [ + "Kyan Khojandi", + [ + "Kyan Khojandi (born 29 August 1982 in Reims, France) is a French comedian, actor and screenwriter born to a French mother and an Iranian father. He is best known for playing the main character in the television series \"Bref\", which was broadcast on Canal+ from 2011 to 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "Good Will Hunting", + [ + "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film, directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård. Written by Affleck and Damon (and with Damon in the title role), the film follows 20 - year - old South Boston laborer Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor. Through his therapy sessions, Will re-evaluates his relationships with his best friend, his girlfriend and himself, facing the significant task of confronting his past and thinking about his future." + ] + ], + [ + "Christin Hinojosa", + [ + "Christin Hinojosa (married name Kirschenbaum; born October 3, 1975) is an American actress best known for her role as Sabrina in \"Dazed and Confused\". After a few other small roles in films and on television, Hinojosa left acting in the late 1990s and became an anti-war activist. In 2004, as a member of the American Friends Service Committee, she was the first coordinator of the Eyes Wide Open installation in Chicago. She currently works as Director of Communications for Solidarity Bridge, a Christian medical charity focused on Latin America." + ] + ], + [ + "Paul Leyden", + [ + "Paul Augustine Leyden (born 16 December 1972) is an Australian actor, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for playing the role of Simon Frasier on the daytime soap opera As the World Turns. He played Simon in the 2009 mini series ``Maneater ''. He also had a brief stint on The Young and the Restless as`` Blake''." + ] + ], + [ + "Hunting", + [ + "Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation." + ] + ], + [ + "Richard Howland Hunt", + [ + "Richard Howland Hunt (14 March 1862 — 12 July 1931) was an American architect and member of the notable Hunt family of Vermont, who worked in partnership with his brother Joseph Howland Hunt (1870 — 11 October 1924) in New York City, as Hunt & Hunt. The brothers were sons of the first American Beaux-Arts architect, Richard Morris Hunt (1827–1895). Richard practiced in his father's office until the elder Hunt's death in July 1895, and continued, not without initial resistance on the part of trustees, to carry out his father's designs for the central block of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. After a brief interval, the brothers formed a partnership in 1901 that was only terminated by Joseph's death in 1924." + ] + ], + [ + "Ben Hunt (baseball)", + [ + "Benjamin Franklin Hunt (November 10, 1888 – September 27, 1927) was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Red Sox () and St. Louis Cardinals (). Listed at , 190 lb., Hunt batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Eufaula, Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Jacques Audiard", + [ + "Jacques Audiard (; born 30 April 1952) is a French film director and screenwriter. He is the son of Michel Audiard, also a film director and screenwriter." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Good (footballer)", + [ + "Michael H. S. Good (1 July 1875 – after 1904), sometimes known as Micky Good, was a Scottish professional footballer who made 71 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath, Preston North End and Bristol City." + ] + ], + [ + "Dazed and Confused (film)", + [ + "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers." + ] + ], + [ + "Alien vs. Predator (film)", + [ + "Ian Whyte as The Predator, ``Scar '', one of three Predators who come to Earth to create and hunt Aliens within the pyramid as a rite of passage. Whyte played the lead Predator, called Scar in the film's credits due to the Predator marking himself with the Alien's acidic blood. Whyte also played the two Predators Chopper and Celtic." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen Victoria", + [ + "Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt \"weak and unwell\", and by mid-January she was \"drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused\". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__68981_39234", + "question": "What empire brought the practices of the most common religion in Southeast Asia?", + "answer": "Hephthalite Empire,", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Tajikistan", + 0 + ], + [ + "Religion in Asia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Freedom of religion in Nepal", + [ + "The Interim Constitution provides for freedom of religion and permits the practice of all religious groups; however, there are some restrictions. The Interim Parliament declared the country a secular state in the Interim Constitution in January 2007. The previous constitution described the country as a ``Hindu Kingdom, ''although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Article 23 of the Interim Constitution protects the rights of all religious groups by guaranteeing the individual the right`` to profess and practice his / her own religion as handed down to him / her from ancient times having due regard to traditional practices.'' It also states ``no person shall be entitled to convert another person from one religion to another and shall not take actions or behave in a way that would create disturbance in another's religion. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "History of Jerusalem", + [ + "In 1517, Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottoman Empire and enjoyed a period of renewal and peace under Suleiman the Magnificent, including the construction of the walls of what is now known as the Old City of Jerusalem (although some foundations were remains of genuine antique walls). The rule of Suleiman and subsequent Ottoman Sultans brought an age of ``religious peace ''; Jew, Christian and Muslim enjoyed freedom of religion and it was possible to find a synagogue, a church and a mosque on the same street. The city remained open to all religions, although the empire's faulty management after Suleiman the Magnificent meant economical stagnation." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine. The Tai, coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic traditions, but they soon shed them in favour of the Khmer and Mon traditions, and the only indications of their earlier contact with Chinese arts were in the style of their temples, especially the tapering roof, and in their lacquerware." + ] + ], + [ + "Buddhism", + [ + "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Buddhism", + [ + "The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present. Buddhism arose in the eastern part of Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent through Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of the Asian continent. The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and schools, among them the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "Religions and peoples are diverse in Southeast Asia and not one country is homogeneous. In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea and Timor. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation. In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia,Highland Philippines and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism. Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia. Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation. They were also commonly donated to mosques, which often amassed large collections of them." + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms of art, has retained many forms of Hindu-influenced practices, culture, art and literature. An example is the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. The wayang kulit show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or \"Golden Age of India\". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India)." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottoman Empire", + [ + "During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.[dn 4]" + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in ancient Rome", + [ + "Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods and goddesses). They also brought Roman \"domestic\" deities and cult practices with them. By the same token, the later granting of citizenship to provincials and their conscription into the legions brought their new cults into the Roman military." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Medieval Cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century C.E. and established the greatest empire South India had seen. They successfully united the South India under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in the Southeast Asian countries such as Srivijaya. Under Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga Chola I the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. Rajendra Chola I's navies went even further, occupying the sea coasts from Burma to Vietnam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) islands, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia and the Pegu islands. The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China. They dominated the political affairs of Sri Lanka for over two centuries through repeated invasions and occupation. They also had continuing trade contacts with the Arabs in the west and with the Chinese empire in the east. Rajaraja Chola I and his equally distinguished son Rajendra Chola I gave political unity to the whole of Southern India and established the Chola Empire as a respected sea power. Under the Cholas, the South India reached new heights of excellence in art, religion and literature. In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India." + ] + ], + [ + "End of World War II in Asia", + [ + "The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 14 and 15 August 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies. The surrender came over three months after the surrender of the Axis forces in Europe and brought an end to World War II." + ] + ], + [ + "Common law", + [ + "The common law -- so named because it was ``common ''to all the king's courts across England -- originated in the practices of the courts of the English kings in the centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. The British Empire spread its legal system to its historical colonies, many of which retain the common law system today. These`` common law systems'' are legal systems that give great precedential weight to common law, and to the style of reasoning inherited from the English legal system." + ] + ], + [ + "Tajikistan", + [ + "The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland." + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in Asia", + [ + "Country Population Christian Islam Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Brunei 400,000 37,600 9.40 300,400 75.10 1,600 0.40 1,200 0.30 34,400 8.60 24,800 6.20 400 0.10 0 0.00 Burma 47,960,000 3,740,880 7.80 1,918,400 4.00 239,800 0.50 815,320 1.70 38,415,960 80.10 2,781,680 5.80 95,920 0.20 0 0.00 Cambodia 14,140,000 56,560 0.40 282,800 2.00 28,280 0.20 0 0.00 13,701,660 96.90 84,840 0.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 Indonesia 239,870,000 23,747,130 9.90 209,166,640 87.20 240,000 0.10 4,077,790 1.70 1,679,090 0.70 719,610 0.30 239,870 0.10 0 0.00 Laos 6,200,000 93,000 1.50 0 0.00 55,800 0.90 0 0.00 4,092,000 66.00 1,903,400 30.70 43,400 0.70 0 0.00 Malaysia 28,400,000 2,669,600 9.40 18,090,800 63.70 198,800 0.70 1,704,000 6.00 5,026,800 17.70 653,200 2.30 56,800 0.20 0 0.00 Philippines 105,000,000 89,000,000 85.00 5,127,000 5.50 7,350,000 7.00 10,000 0.00 1,758,000 1.50 1,398,900 1.50 93,260 0.10 28,473 0.03 Singapore 5,090,000 926,380 18.20 727,870 14.30 834,760 16.40 264,680 5.20 1,725,510 33.90 117,070 2.30 493,730 9.70 0 0.00 Thailand 69,120,000 622,080 0.90 3,801,600 5.50 207,360 0.30 69,120 0.10 64,419,840 93.20 60,000 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 Timor - Leste 1,120,000 1,115,520 99.60 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 Vietnam 94,700,000 7,765,400 8.20 175,700 0.20 28,031,200 29.60 151,200 0.16 15,530,800 16.40 42,899,100 45.30 351,400 0.40 0 0.00 Total 593,410,000 116,571,210 21.33 245,594,630 40.38 31,903,260 4.70 6,932,110 1.17 143,582,660 24.20 47,540,670 8.01 1,374,780 0.23 28,437 0.00" + ] + ], + [ + "Southeast Asia", + [ + "Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule." + ] + ], + [ + "Islam in Central Asia", + [ + "Islam in Central Asia has existed since the beginning of Islamic history. Islam is the most widely practiced religion in Central Asia. The Hanafi school of thought of Sunnism is the most popular, with Shiism of Imami and Ismaili denominations predominating in the Pamir plateau and the western Tian Shan mountains (almost exclusively Ismailis), while boasting to a large minority population in the Zarafshan river valley, from Samarkand to Bukhara (almost exclusively Imamis). Islam came to Central Asia in the early part of the 8th century as part of the Muslim conquest of the region. Many well-known Islamic scientists and philosophers came from Central Asia, and several major Muslim empires, including the Timurid Empire and the Mughal Empire, originated in Central Asia. In the 20th century, severe restrictions on religious practice were enacted by the Soviet Union in Soviet Central Asia and the People's Republic of China in Xinjiang. Concerns about Islamic radicalism and religious freedom in the region persist to this day." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__67956_463572", + "question": "What record label does the artist who sang you belong to me belong to?", + "answer": "MGM Records", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "You Belong to Me (1952 song)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Giannis Poulopoulos", + [ + "Poulopoulos sang regularly in a music hall in Plaka. He recorded four or five 45rpm disks for Columbia Records, which are now difficult to find as he soon agreed to record for Lyra, for whom he recorded three songs by Mikis Theodorakis. In 1965 he was the first performer of four songs written by Manos Loïzos. Around the same time he also had a successful hit with \"Mi mu thymonis matia mou\" (Don't be angry with me, my love) composed by Stavros Koujioumtzis." + ] + ], + [ + "Chris LeDoux discography", + [ + "Chris LeDoux was a rodeo cowboy who sang and recorded songs in his spare time and sold his albums from the back of his truck. With his father, he started his own record label, American Cowboy Songs, in 1970. Under that label he released 22 albums between 1971 and 1990. After gaining recognition from the 1989 Garth Brooks song, \"Much Too Young (To Feel This Damn Old)\" he was signed to Liberty Records, where he released 4 studio albums in four years. He released 6 more albums including a live album under Capitol Records. \"Horsepower\" in 2003 was his last studio album before his death in 2005. Nine official compilation albums have been released between 1994 and 2008. \"20 Greatest Hits\" has been certified platinum by the RIAA." + ] + ], + [ + "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", + [ + "``I Can Only Imagine ''(sometimes shortened to`` Imagine'') is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead vocalist Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album The Worship Project, which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album." + ] + ], + [ + "The Broadway Album", + [ + "The Broadway Album is the twenty-fourth studio album by director, composer, actress and singer Barbra Streisand, released by Columbia Records on November 5, 1985. Consisting mainly of classic show tunes, the album marked a major shift in Streisand's career. She had spent ten years appearing in musicals and singing standards on her albums in the 1960s. Beginning with the album \"Stoney End\" in 1971 and ending with the album \"Emotion\" in 1984, Streisand sang mostly rock, pop, folk, and disco-oriented songs for Columbia records. Noted Broadway composer Stephen Sondheim personally penned additional lyrics for the songs \"Putting It Together\" and \"Send in the Clowns\" on request of the singer. The album, originally released on the Columbia label and subsequently re-released by Columbia and Sony Records, was a critical and commercial success. First certified gold by the RIAA on January 13, 1986, it reached four times platinum on January 31, 1995." + ] + ], + [ + "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", + [ + "``I Can Only Imagine ''(sometimes shortened to`` Imagine'') is a single recorded by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by Bart Millard, the song, based around a main piano track, was inspired by the death of Millard's father and considers what it would be like in Heaven and to be standing before God. The song was first issued as a track on MercyMe's 1999 album The Worship Project, which was released on an independent record label. The song was re-recorded and included on their 2001 major - label debut album Almost There as the fifth song on the album." + ] + ], + [ + "I Belong to Me", + [ + "\"I Belong to Me\" is a song by American recording artist Jessica Simpson from her fifth studio album, \"A Public Affair\". The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by Stargate. It was released on September 26, 2006 by Epic Records, as the second single from the album. Originally the song was not included in the standard version of the album, but was released in a version of Walmart as a bonus track. The lyrics of \"I Belong to Me\" is constructed in verse-chorus format and focuses on the dissatisfaction of love." + ] + ], + [ + "Rub It In", + [ + "``Rub It In ''is a song written and originally recorded by Layng Martine Jr., and credited as Layng Martine. His version, released on the Barnaby Records label, was produced by Ray Stevens and was a chart single in 1971." + ] + ], + [ + "I Sang Dixie", + [ + "\"I Sang Dixie\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dwight Yoakam. It was released in October 1988 as the second single from his album \"Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room\". In 1989, \"I Sang Dixie\" went to number one on the US Country chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Wake Me When It's Over (Willie Nelson song)", + [ + "``Wake Me When It's Over ''is a song written by country music singer Willie Nelson. After being signed as a recording artist to Liberty Records in 1961, the song was recorded during his second session with the label in September 1961 at Radio Recorders. Selected as the A-side of one of the promotional singles, the song failed to chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Petticoat Junction", + [ + "Curt Massey sang the Petticoat Junction theme song. The song was composed by Massey and Paul Henning. Flatt and Scruggs recorded a version of the song ``Petticoat Junction ''." + ] + ], + [ + "You Belong to Me (1952 song)", + [ + "The first 1952 recording of the song was by Joni James. She had seen the sheet music in the Woods Building in Chicago and the lyrics attracted her. She recorded the song in February, 1952, in Chicago and it was released in March on the local Sharp Records label as her second single on August 5, 1952, after Jo Stafford, Patti Page and Dean Martin had covered it. James' version also was issued on M-G-M Records for national distribution. The best - known early 1952 version of the song was recorded after James' recording by Sue Thompson on Mercury's country label as catalog number 6407. It was soon covered by Patti Page, whose version was issued by Mercury as catalog number 5899, with ``I Went to Your Wedding ''(a bigger Patti Page hit, reaching No 1) on the flip side. It entered the Billboard chart on August 22, 1952, and lasted 12 weeks on the chart, peaking at No. 4." + ] + ], + [ + "Love Sign", + [ + "\"Love Sign\" is a song by American musician Prince, from the \"1-800-NEW-FUNK\" compilation album released by his independent record label NPG Records in 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Unchained Melody", + [ + "``Unchained Melody ''is a 1955 song with music by Alex North and lyrics by Hy Zaret. North used the music as a theme for the little - known prison film Unchained (1955), hence the song title. Todd Duncan sang the vocals for the film soundtrack. It has since become a standard and one of the most recorded songs of the 20th century, most notably by the Righteous Brothers. According to the song's publishing administrator, over 1,500 recordings of`` Unchained Melody'' have been made by more than 670 artists, in multiple languages." + ] + ], + [ + "Up Where We Belong", + [ + "``Up Where We Belong ''is a song written by Jack Nitzsche, Buffy Sainte - Marie and Will Jennings that was recorded by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes for the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman. It reached record stores in July of that year to coincide with the release of the film. The song is about the belief that love can withstand the struggles of a relationship and make it stronger." + ] + ], + [ + "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face", + [ + "``The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face ''is a 1957 folk song written by British political singer / songwriter Ewan MacColl for Peggy Seeger, who later became his wife, to sing. At the time, the couple were lovers, although MacColl was married to someone else. Seeger sang the song when the duo performed in folk clubs around Britain. During the 1960s, it was recorded by various folk singers and became a major international hit for Roberta Flack in 1972, winning the Grammy Awards for Record and Song of the Year. Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song of the year for 1972." + ] + ], + [ + "Billy Joel", + [ + "On December 11, 2008, Joel recorded his own rendition of \"Christmas in Fallujah\" during a concert at Acer Arena in Sydney and released it as a live single in Australia only. It is the only official release of Joel performing \"Christmas in Fallujah\", as Cass Dillon sang on the 2007 studio recording and the handful of times the song was played live in 2007. Joel sang the song throughout his December 2008 tour of Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)", + [ + "Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33⅓-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, \"22,\" which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.br" + ] + ], + [ + "Both Sides, Now", + [ + "``Both Sides, Now ''is a song by Joni Mitchell, and one of her best - known songs. First recorded by Judy Collins in 1967, Collins' version was a top - ten hit on the U.S. singles chart during the fall of 1968. It subsequently appeared on Mitchell's 1969 album Clouds. Mitchell re-recorded the song in a lush, orchestrated fashion for her 2000 album Both Sides Now. In April 2000, Mitchell sang the song with a 70 - piece orchestra at the end of an all - star celebration for her at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "In the Heat of the Night (TV series)", + [ + "The theme song, ``In the Heat of the Night, ''was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with`` They Call Me Mr. Tibbs'' on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series." + ] + ], + [ + "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?", + [ + "``Will the Circle Be Unbroken? ''is a popular Christian hymn written in 1907 by Ada R. Habershon with music by Charles H. Gabriel. The song is often recorded unattributed and, because of its age, has lapsed into the public domain. Most of the chorus appears in the later songs`` Can the Circle Be Unbroken'' and ``Daddy Sang Bass ''." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__818302_25719", + "question": "At the end of which year did the tribes from the location of the Lusatia invade the Roman Empire?", + "answer": "406", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Lower Lusatia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Galicia (Spain)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Germany", + [ + "The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east and west from the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe. Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania (an area extending roughly from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains). In 9 AD, three Roman legions led by Varus were defeated by the Cheruscan leader Arminius. By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of the area of modern Germany. However, Austria, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hessen and the western Rhineland had been conquered and incorporated into Roman provinces: Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, and Germania Inferior." + ] + ], + [ + "Peace of Westphalia", + [ + "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618 -- 1648) in the Holy Roman Empire between the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies on one side and the Protestant powers (Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, and Holy Roman principalities) and their Catholic (France) Anti-Habsburg allies on the other. The treaties also ended the Eighty Years' War (1568 -- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognising the independence of the Dutch Republic." + ] + ], + [ + "Treaty of Bärwalde", + [ + "The Treaty of Bärwalde (; ; ) of 23 January 1631 was a treaty concluding an alliance between the Swedish Empire and the Kingdom of France during the Thirty Years' War, shortly after Sweden had invaded Northern Germany then occupied by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor's forces. The treaty obliged Sweden to maintain an army of 36,000 troops, and France to fund the Swedish army with an annually 400,000 Reichsthalers." + ] + ], + [ + "Slavs", + [ + "The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute. They remained a strong power until 796. An additional problem to face the empire came as a result of the involvement of Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace, but when Maurice was overthrown, the Persians invaded and during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) controlled large chunks of the empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, until Heraclius' successful counterattack. In 628 the empire secured a peace treaty and recovered all of its lost territories." + ] + ], + [ + "Germans", + [ + "The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans." + ] + ], + [ + "British Isles", + [ + "At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons." + ] + ], + [ + "Fall of Constantinople", + [ + "The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating to 27 BC, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. The conquest of Constantinople also dealt a massive blow to Christendom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies thereafter were left unchecked to advance into Europe without an adversary to their rear." + ] + ], + [ + "Revolt of the Batavi", + [ + "The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F]" + ] + ], + [ + "Lower Lusatia", + [ + "Lower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish." + ] + ], + [ + "Parthian Empire", + [ + "The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. Its latter name comes from Arsaces I of Parthia who, as leader of the Parni tribe, founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, modern-day Turkmenistan and north-western Afghanistan. Then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire; Mithridates I of Parthia (r. c. 171–138 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to western Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Germany", + [ + "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state." + ] + ], + [ + "Palermo", + [ + "As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years." + ] + ], + [ + "Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain", + [ + "In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, in late summer, was unsuccessful, gaining the Romans little else besides a beachhead on the coast of Kent. The second invasion achieved more: the Romans installed a king, Mandubracius, who was friendly to Rome, and they forced the submission of Mandubracius's rival, Cassivellaunus. No territory was conquered and held for Rome; instead, all Roman - occupied territory was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with the promised tribute of the other tribes in what is now eastern England." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellenistic period", + [ + "Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era." + ] + ], + [ + "Galicia (Spain)", + [ + "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control." + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]" + ] + ], + [ + "Roman Republic", + [ + "During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__106864_160713_77246", + "question": "What is the meaning in the Arabic Dictionary of the word for the majority religion in the area of British India that became India when Bedari's country was created?", + "answer": "the country of India", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Hindus", + 0 + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + 0 + ], + [ + "Bedari", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Islam in India", + [ + "Islam (Arabic: الإسلام) is the second-largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or approx. 200 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2018 estimate). It makes India the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. The majority of Indian Muslims belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. The religion first arrived at the western coast of India when Arab traders as early as the 7th century CE came to coastal Malabar and Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 CE by Malik Deenar. Following an expedition by the governor of Bahrain to Bharuch in the 7th century CE, immigrant Arab and Persian trading communities from South Arabia and the Persian Gulf began settling in coastal Gujarat. Ismaili Shia Islam was introduced to Gujarat in the second half of the 11th century, when Fatimid Imam Al-Mustansir Billah sent missionaries to Gujarat in 467 AH/1073 CE. Islam arrived in North India in the 12th century via the Turkic invasions and has since become a part of India's religious and cultural heritage. Over the centuries, there has been significant integration of Hindu and Muslim cultures across India and Muslims have played a notable role in economics, politics, and culture of India." + ] + ], + [ + "2011 Census of India", + [ + "The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by the Government of India on 25 August 2015. Hindus are 79.8% (966.3 million), while Muslims are 14.23% (172.2 million) in India. and Christians are 2.30% (28.7 million). According to the 2011 Census of India, there are 57,264 Parsis in India. For the first time, a ``No religion ''category was added in the 2011 census. 2.87 million were classified as people belonging to`` No Religion'' in India in the 2011 census 0.24% of India's population of 1.21 billion. Given below is the decade - by - decade religious composition of India until the 2011 census. There are six religions in India that have been awarded ``National Minority ''status - Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis. Sunnis, Shias, Bohras, Agakhanis and Ahmadiyyas were identified as sects of Islam in India. As per 2011 census, six major faiths - Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains make up over 99.4% of India's 1.21 billion population, while`` other religions, persuasions'' (ORP) count is 8.2 million. Among the ORP faiths, six faiths - 4.957 million - strong Sarnaism, 1.026 million - strong Gond, 506,000 - strong Sari, Donyi - Polo (302,000) in Arunachal Pradesh, Sanamahism (222,000) in Manipur, Khasi (138,000) in Meghalaya dominate. Maharashtra is having the highest number of atheists in the country with 9,652 such people, followed by Kerala." + ] + ], + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel", + [ + "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement." + ] + ], + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque", + [ + "Casa Verona's Mosque is a mosque in the Muthialpet area of Georgetown in Chennai, India. It is one of the oldest mosques in the city and was constructed by Casa Verona, a \"dubash\" of the British East India Company." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting \"Indo-Muslim\" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning \"horde\" or \"camp\" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240)." + ] + ], + [ + "India–Pakistan border", + [ + "Drafted and created based upon the Radcliffe line in 1947, the border, which divides Pakistan and India from each other, traverses a variety of terrains ranging from major urban areas to inhospitable deserts. Since the independence of India and Pakistan (see British India), the border has been a site of numerous conflicts and wars between each country, and is one of the most complex borders in the world. The border's total length is 2,900 km (1,800 mi), according to the figures given by the PBS; it is also one of the most dangerous borders in the world, based on an article written in the Foreign Policy in 2011. It can be seen from space at night due to the 150,000 flood lights installed by India on about 50 thousand poles." + ] + ], + [ + "Culture of India", + [ + "According to the 2011 census, 79.8% of the population of India practice Hinduism. Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. Many tribal religions, such as Sarnaism, are found in India, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and the Bahá'í Faith are also influential but their numbers are smaller. Atheism and agnostics also have visible influence in India, along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other faiths. According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Centre, India will have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims by 2050. India is expected to have about 311 million Muslims making up around 19–20% of the population and yet about 1.3 billion Hindus are projected to live in India comprising around 76% of the population." + ] + ], + [ + "Hindus", + [ + "The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas." + ] + ], + [ + "History of India", + [ + "Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India." + ] + ], + [ + "British Raj", + [ + "The British Raj (/ rɑːdʒ /; from rāj, literally, ``rule ''in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called British India or simply India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The de facto political amalgamation was also called the Indian Empire and after 1876 issued passports under that name. As India, it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945." + ] + ], + [ + "New Delhi", + [ + "Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. Calcutta had become the epicenter of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century led to the Partition of Bengal by then Viceroy of British India Lord Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments amongst public leading to complete boycott of British goods forced the colonial government to reunite the Bengal partition and immediate shift of the capital to New Delhi." + ] + ], + [ + "Bedari", + [ + "Bedari, a Pakistani Urdu black and white film, was a classic melodious film of 1956.This film had an identical plot and the songs like Indian film Jagriti (1954), with replacement of some words, and music were taken directly from Jagriti as well. Rattan Kumar (Syed Nazir Ali), who had moved to Pakistan with his family, acted in Bedari also. When 'Bedari' was released in Pakistan in 1956, it too made fabulous business in the first few weeks of exhibition. However, it dawned upon the Pakistani cinemagoers that they were watching a plagiarized film. There was a mass uproar that caused public demonstrations against exhibition of the plagiarized film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on this film." + ] + ], + [ + "List of governors-general of India", + [ + "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935." + ] + ], + [ + "Subsidiary alliance", + [ + "It was framed by Lord Wellesley, British Governor - General in India from 1798 to 1805. Early in his governorship, Wellesley adopted a policy of non-intervention in the princely states, but he later adopted the policy of forming subsidiary alliances, which played a major role in the expansion of British rule in India." + ] + ], + [ + "Hinduism in Singapore", + [ + "Hindu religion and culture in Singapore can be traced back to the 7th century AD, when Temasek was a trading post of Hindu-Buddhist Srivijaya empire. A millennium later, a wave of immigrants from southern India were brought to Singapore, mostly as coolies and indentured labourers by the British East India Company and colonial British Empire. As with Malay peninsula, the British administration sought to stabilise a reliable labour force in its regional plantation and trading activities; it encouraged Hindus to bring family through the \"kangani\" system of migration, settle, build temples and segregated it into a community that later became Little India." + ] + ], + [ + "Partition of India", + [ + "The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. The Dominion of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Pakistan is today the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise Hindu or Muslim majorities. The boundary demarcating India and Pakistan became known as the Radcliffe Line. It also involved the division of the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service, the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, as the British government there was called. The two self - governing countries of Pakistan and India legally came into existence at midnight on 14 -- 15 August 1947." + ] + ], + [ + "Bihar Province", + [ + "Bihar Province was a province of British India, created in 1936 by the partition of the Bihar and Orissa Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Secretary of State for India", + [ + "The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister and the political head of the India Office responsible for the governance of the British Raj (India), Aden, and Burma. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in Bengal ended and India except for the Princely States was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning the official colonial period under the British Empire." + ] + ], + [ + "Umayyad Caliphate", + [ + "From the caliphate's north-western African bases, a series of raids on coastal areas of the Visigothic Kingdom paved the way to the permanent occupation of most of Iberia by the Umayyads (starting in 711), and on into south-eastern Gaul (last stronghold at Narbonne in 759). Hisham's reign witnessed the end of expansion in the west, following the defeat of the Arab army by the Franks at the Battle of Tours in 732. In 739 a major Berber Revolt broke out in North Africa, which was subdued only with difficulty, but it was followed by the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus. In India the Arab armies were defeated by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty and by the north Indian Pratiharas Dynasty in the 8th century and the Arabs were driven out of India. In the Caucasus, the confrontation with the Khazars peaked under Hisham: the Arabs established Derbent as a major military base and launched several invasions of the northern Caucasus, but failed to subdue the nomadic Khazars. The conflict was arduous and bloody, and the Arab army even suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Marj Ardabil in 730. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the future Marwan II, finally ended the war in 737 with a massive invasion that is reported to have reached as far as the Volga, but the Khazars remained unsubdued." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__483634_720378_15538", + "question": "When was the death penalty reinstated in the state that contains the county where Howard Mill is located?", + "answer": "1984", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + 0 + ], + [ + "Howard Mill, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "Lake County, Oregon", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Capital punishment in the United States", + [ + "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings." + ] + ], + [ + "Texas–Indian wars", + [ + "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma." + ] + ], + [ + "Howard Mill, California", + [ + "Howard Mill (also, Howard Mill Station) is a former settlement in Lake County, California. It was located southwest of Three Crossing, at an elevation of 3514 feet (1071 m). Howard Mill still appeared on maps as of 1951." + ] + ], + [ + "Tumaraa", + [ + "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea." + ] + ], + [ + "States of Nigeria", + [ + "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake County, Oregon", + [ + "Lake County is in the high desert region known as the Oregon Outback, on the northwestern edge of the Great Basin. The county is generally divided between the communities around Lakeview and Paisley to the south and the communities around Christmas Valley, Fort Rock, and Silver Lake to the north." + ] + ], + [ + "List of territorial entities where English is an official language", + [ + "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level." + ] + ], + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality", + [ + "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town." + ] + ], + [ + "Pettai, Karaikal", + [ + "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar." + ] + ], + [ + "Lucy Diggs Slowe", + [ + "In 1922, Slowe was appointed the first Dean of Women at Howard University. She continued in that role at Howard for 15 years until her death. In addition, Slowe created and led two professional associations to support college administrators." + ] + ], + [ + "Federalism", + [ + "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Taputapuatea", + [ + "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Kiri Territory", + [ + "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri." + ] + ], + [ + "Pak Tam Chung", + [ + "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District." + ] + ], + [ + "Pangi Territory", + [ + "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi." + ] + ], + [ + "Australia", + [ + "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__34495_49388", + "question": "How many games are in a season for the league that had the most Champions League wins between 1992 and 2013?", + "answer": "38", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Premier League", + 0 + ], + [ + "La Liga", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2003 World Series", + [ + "The 2003 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2003 season. The 99th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Florida Marlins and the American League (AL) champion New York Yankees; the Marlins defeated the heavily favored Yankees, four games to two. The series was played from October 18 -- 25, 2003. This is the most recent Series in which the losing team outscored the winning team; the Yankees lost, despite outscoring the Marlins 21 -- 17 in the Series. This was the Marlins' second World Series championship win, having won their first in 1997. As of 2017, this is the Marlins' last appearance not only in the World Series, but in the postseason at all." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League", + [ + "Between the 1992–93 season and the 2012–13 season, Premier League clubs had won the UEFA Champions League four times (as well as supplying five of the runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with six wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins, and ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins (see table here). The FIFA Club World Cup (or the FIFA Club World Championship, as it was originally called) has been won by Premier league clubs once (Manchester United in 2008), and they have also been runners-up twice, behind Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins, and Spain's La Liga and Italy's Serie A with two wins each (see table here)." + ] + ], + [ + "Minnesota Vikings", + [ + "Since the team's first season in 1961, the Vikings have had one of the highest winning percentages in the NFL. As of 2017, they have won at least three games in every season except in 1962, and are one of only six NFL teams to win at least 15 games in a regular season. The Vikings have won one NFL Championship, in 1969, before the league's merger with the American Football League (AFL). Since the league merger in 1970, they have qualified for the playoffs 27 times, third-most in the league. The team has played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI, though failing to win any of them. In addition, they have lost in their last six NFC Championship Game appearances since 1978. The team currently has 14 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame." + ] + ], + [ + "1942–43 AHL season", + [ + "The 1942–43 AHL season was the seventh season of the American Hockey League. Seven teams played 56 games each in the schedule, while an eighth team, the New Haven Eagles ceased operations 32 games into the season, in January 1943. The Buffalo Bisons won the F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as the Western Division champions, and their first Calder Cup as league champions." + ] + ], + [ + "Ottawa Champions", + [ + "The Ottawa Champions Baseball Club (French: Les Champions d'Ottawa) is a professional baseball team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The Champions made their debut as a member of the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball (Can - Am League) in 2015. They won their first league championship in 2016 defeating the Rockland Boulders 3 - 2 after being down 2 - 0 in the series, winning game 5, 3 - 1 with a complete game win by Austin Chrismon. They play their home games at Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Park. The Champions mascot is Champ." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 Chicago Cubs season", + [ + "They began the season on April 4, 2016 at the Los Angeles Angels and finished the regular season on October 2, 2016 at the Cincinnati Reds. The Cubs finished with the best record in Major League Baseball and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 171⁄2 games. The team also reached the 100 - win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910." + ] + ], + [ + "Premier League records and statistics", + [ + "Most points in a season: 95, Chelsea (2004 -- 05) Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007 -- 08) Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011 -- 12) Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996 -- 97) Most points in a season while being relegated: 42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992 -- 93) 38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002 -- 03) Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004 -- 05)" + ] + ], + [ + "2018 NFL season", + [ + "The 2018 NFL season will be the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season is set begin on September 6, 2018 with the NFL Kickoff Game, likely to be hosted by the defending Super Bowl LII champion. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019 at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 NFL season", + [ + "The 2018 NFL season will be the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season is set to begin on September 6, 2018 with the NFL Kickoff Game, to be hosted by the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019 at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "Season structure of the NHL", + [ + "The season structure of the National Hockey League (NHL) is divided into the regular season and the Stanley Cup playoffs. In the regular season, which generally runs from early October through early April, teams play 82 games which determine their standings. The three highest - placed teams in each division and two wild card teams per conference enter the playoff elimination tournament to determine the Stanley Cup champion." + ] + ], + [ + "2013–14 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1", + [ + "The 2013–14 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 will be the 50th season of the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams will contest the league, with ES Sétif as the defending champions for the second time consecutively. The league is scheduled to begin on August 24, 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "La Liga", + [ + "The competition format follows the usual double round - robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 38 matchdays. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, with the highest - ranked club at the end of the season crowned champion." + ] + ], + [ + "2014–15 Oman Professional League", + [ + "The 2014-15 Oman Professional League (known as the \"Omantel Professional League\" for sponsorship reasons) was the 39th edition of the top football league in Oman. The season began on 11 September 2014, and concluded on 28 May 2015. Al-Nahda Club were the defending champions, having won their third title in the previous 2013–14 season. On Saturday, 9 May 2015, Al-Oruba SC were crowned the champions of the 2014–15 Oman Professional League with three games to spare after Sur SC was held to a 2-2 draw by Al-Suwaiq Club at the Al-Seeb Stadium. Al-Oruba who had beaten Sohar SC, 1-0 on Friday took their tally to 48 points from 23 matches, gaining an unassailable lead of eight points ahead of second-placed Sur. Sur, which needed to win on Saturday to keep their title hopes alive, and settled for one point to take its tally to 40 points, helping the fierce rivals from Sur city to win their 4th domestic title." + ] + ], + [ + "100th Grey Cup", + [ + "The 100th Grey Cup was a Canadian football game between the East Division champion Toronto Argonauts and the West Division champion Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League to decide the Grey Cup champions of the 2012 season." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 NFL season", + [ + "The 2018 NFL season is the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 6, 2018 with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons 18 -- 12. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019 at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "2012–13 Premier League", + [ + "The 2012–13 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st season of the Premier League, the English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The fixture schedule was released on 18 June 2012. The season began on 18 August 2012 and ended on 19 May 2013." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 NFL season", + [ + "The 2018 NFL season will be the 99th season of the National Football League (NFL). The season is set to begin on September 6, 2018 with the NFL Kickoff Game with the defending Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles hosting the Atlanta Falcons. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LIII, the league's championship game, on February 3, 2019 at Mercedes - Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "FC Barcelona", + [ + "In the 2005–06 season, Barcelona repeated their league and Supercup successes. The pinnacle of the league season arrived at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid. It was Frank Rijkaard's second victory at the Bernabéu, making him the first Barcelona manager to win there twice. Ronaldinho's performance was so impressive that after his second goal, which was Barcelona's third, some Real Madrid fans gave him a standing ovation. In the Champions League, Barcelona beat the English club Arsenal in the final. Trailing 1–0 to a 10-man Arsenal and with less than 15 minutes remaining, they came back to win 2–1, with substitute Henrik Larsson, in his final appearance for the club, setting up goals for Samuel Eto'o and fellow substitute Juliano Belletti, for the club's first European Cup victory in 14 years." + ] + ], + [ + "98th Grey Cup", + [ + "The 98th Grey Cup was a Canadian football game played between the Eastern Division champion Montreal Alouettes and Western Division champion Saskatchewan Roughriders to decide the champion of the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the 2010 season. In a rematch of the 97th Grey Cup, the Alouettes defeated the Roughriders for the second year in a row, 21–18, becoming the first team in 13 years to win back-to-back Grey Cups." + ] + ], + [ + "2002 World Series", + [ + "The 2002 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s 2002 season. The 98th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the American League (AL) champion Anaheim Angels and the National League (NL) champion San Francisco Giants; the Angels defeated the Giants, four games to three, to win their first World Series championship. The series was played from October 19 -- 27, 2002, at Pacific Bell Park in San Francisco and Edison International Field of Anaheim in Anaheim." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__105773_457883_650651_7262", + "question": "Country A has an embassy from the country that produces the show Krystala. Who was a prominent figure in the radio division of the network that created a version of the Biggest Loser for country A?", + "answer": "Walter Sabo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Embassy of the Philippines, Bandar Seri Begawan", + 0 + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All", + 0 + ], + [ + "Krystala", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 2)", + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 2) is the second season of the NBC competitive reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\". The second season premiered on September 13, 2005, and like season one features overweight contestants who compete by trying to lose the most weight. The show is hosted by comedian Caroline Rhea, with Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels joining as the" + ] + ], + [ + "Embassy of the Philippines, Bandar Seri Begawan", + [ + "The Embassy of the Philippines in Bandar Seri Begawan is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Sultanate of Brunei. Opened in 1984 after Brunei gained independence from the United Kingdom, it is currently located in the Diplomatic Enclave of Bandar Seri Begawan, behind the offices of the country's Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports." + ] + ], + [ + "Ali Vincent", + [ + "Alison \"Ali\" Vincent is the winner of the of the fitness reality television show \"The Biggest Loser\", which aired in early 2008. Vincent's in-competition weight loss of 112 pounds earned her a $250,000 prize, and the first win by a female of a United States \"The Biggest Loser\" season. Vincent is to be featured as a spokeswoman in print and television advertisements for fitness center chain 24 Hour Fitness, Biggest Loser ProteinG manufactured by Designer Whey and Infinity Insurance." + ] + ], + [ + "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", + [ + "NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Current season, competition or edition: 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament Sport Women's Basketball Founded 1982 No. of teams 64 Country NCAA Division I (USA) Most recent champion (s) South Carolina (1st) Most titles Connecticut (11) TV partner (s) ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, WatchESPN Official website NCAA.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Winners & Losers", + [ + "Winners & Losers is an Australian television drama series first broadcast on the Seven Network on 22 March 2011. It was created by the producers of \"Packed to the Rafters\" and is aired in the show's former time slot. \"Winners & Losers\" focuses on the lives of four women living in Melbourne, after they win a large amount of money in the Oz Lotto. Seven renewed \"Winners & Losers\" for a second season in July 2011 and it began airing from 26 June 2012. Two months later, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third season. A fourth season was confirmed on 19 December 2013. A fifth season was confirmed on 3 December 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Broken (Once Upon a Time)", + [ + "``Broken ''was co-written by co-creators Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz, while being directed by V veteran Ralph Hemecker. With the curse broken in the first season finale, the writers felt that they could now go farther with each of the characters. In an attempt to instill a`` whole different vibe'' into the series, they envisioned a larger ambition than the previous season. Horowitz explained, ``We have been allowed to do more at the start of the (season). Without addressing the budget, everybody at the studio is on board with this as a big - canvas show... A lot of it actually is the learning - curve aspect of season 1, where we figured out what we can do and how to do it well. We learned how to maximize our bang for our buck. The biggest key is time. If we can figure out our stories far enough in advance, the more time our effects team and department heads will have. ''" + ] + ], + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 1)", + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 1) is the first season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\", which premiered on October 19, 2004. The show features overweight contestants competing to lose the largest percentage of their body weight and receive the title of 'Biggest Loser,' along with a $250,000 grand prize. The first season featured twelve contestants divided into two teams of six players. The teams were each led by a personal trainer, Bob Harper with the Blue Team and Jillian Michaels with the Red Team. The first season was hosted by Caroline Rhea." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day" + ] + ], + [ + "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All", + [ + "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season." + ] + ], + [ + "Krystala", + [ + "Krystala is a daily fantasy/sci-fi/adventure/soap opera serial (superserye/fantaserye) from the Philippines, where it was produced by and aired on ABS-CBN from October 11, 2004 to April 22, 2005. The show also aired simultaneously on The Filipino Channel and on a one-week delay on International Channel (now AZN-TV) in the United States." + ] + ], + [ + "Johnny Dare", + [ + "Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli) is an American radio personality. He is host of \"The Johnny Dare Morning Show\" the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Kansas City, Missouri. He is one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosts the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which has grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "It's Your Move", + [ + "The show's creators and executive producers were Michael G. Moye and Ron Leavitt, who just 3 years later would take the harder tone of the \"It's Your Move\" concept and put it in an entirely different context: Fox's \"Married... with Children\", in which Garrison starred for four seasons (and was also produced by Embassy Communications)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 5)", + [ + "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four." + ] + ], + [ + "Randy and Sharon Marsh", + [ + "Randy Marsh and Sharon Marsh (née Kimble) are fictional characters in the animated television series \"South Park\". They are the most prominent set of parents on the show and a middle-class married couple who raise their 10-year-old son Stan and 13-year-old daughter Shelly in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. Their first names are derived from the first names of series co-creator Trey Parker's parents, and Parker describes Randy as \"the biggest dingbat in the entire show\". According to the season 16 episode \"Reverse Cowgirl\", the Marsh home address is 260 Avenidas de los Mexicanos." + ] + ], + [ + "The Secret Daughter", + [ + "The Secret Daughter is an Australian television drama series which premiered on the Seven Network on 3 October 2016. The series is written by Justin Monjo, Greg Haddrick, Louise Bowes and Keith Thompson and directed by Leah Purcell, Geoff Bennett and Paul Moloney. The drama centres around part - time country pub singer Billie Carter (Jessica Mauboy), who has a chance meeting with a wealthy city hotelier and rediscovers information about her family and history. The second season premiered on 8 November 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "1976 FA Cup Final", + [ + "United had finished third in the First Division that season, and were strong favourites, while unfancied Southampton had finished sixth in the Second Division. In one of the biggest shocks in the history of the final, Southampton won 1 -- 0 through an 83rd - minute goal from Bobby Stokes. It was the first time Southampton won a major trophy." + ] + ], + [ + "Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze", + [ + "Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze Packaging artwork Developer (s) Retro Studios Publisher (s) Nintendo Director (s) Ryan Harris Vince Joly Producer (s) Kensuke Tanabe Composer (s) David Wise Daisuke Matsuoka Minako Hamano Shinji Ushiroda Series Donkey Kong Country Donkey Kong Platform (s) Wii U, Nintendo Switch Release Wii U JP: February 14, 2014 NA: February 21, 2014 EU: February 21, 2014 AU: February 22, 2014 Nintendo Switch JP: May 3, 2018 WW: May 4, 2018 Genre (s) Platformer Mode (s) Single - player, multiplayer" + ] + ], + [ + "Richard Hatch (Survivor contestant)", + [ + "Richard Holman Hatch Jr (born April 8, 1961) is an American former reality television contestant. In 2000, he won the first season of the CBS reality series Survivor. He was a contestant on a subsequent All - Stars season of Survivor, on one season of Celebrity Apprentice, and on one season of The Biggest Loser." + ] + ], + [ + "KAGH-FM", + [ + "KAGH-FM (104.9 FM, \"Today's Country 104.9\") is a radio station licensed to serve Crossett, Arkansas, United States. The station is owned by Crossett Radio and licensed to Peggy S. Medlin's Ashley County Broadcasters, Inc." + ] + ], + [ + "The Biggest Loser (season 16)", + [ + "The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of The Biggest Loser which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC. Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show. There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom. This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists. The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__152562_5274_458768_33632", + "question": "What day is the feast held, in the city that holds the headquarters of the only music company that is larger than the record label of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha?", + "answer": "May 4", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sony Music", + 0 + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vilaiyaadu Mankatha", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Jimmy John's", + [ + "Jimmy John's Franchise, LLC Type Privately held company Founded 1983; 34 years ago (1983) Founder Jimmy John Liautaud Headquarters Champaign, Illinois, United States Number of locations 2,630 (December 2016) Key people James North (CEO) Owner Jimmy John Liautaud, Roark Capital Group Website jimmyjohns.com" + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Monica, California", + [ + "Santa Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety." + ] + ], + [ + "Cargo Records (UK)", + [ + "Cargo Records is a record label based in London, England, which distributes musical recordings in the United Kingdom and Europe. The company currently distributes records in a wide variety of genres, both as a label in its own right and as a distributor for other independent record labels." + ] + ], + [ + "EmArcy Records", + [ + "EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by Mercury Records, and today a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group. The name is a phonetic spelling of \"MRC\", the initials for Mercury Record Company." + ] + ], + [ + "The Right Stuff Records", + [ + "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California." + ] + ], + [ + "MCA Records", + [ + "MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville." + ] + ], + [ + "Vijay Eswaran", + [ + "Vijay Eswaran (born 7 October 1960) is a Malaysian businessman who is the Executive Chairman of the QI Group of Companies, which is headquartered in Hong Kong." + ] + ], + [ + "BorsodChem", + [ + "Wanhua-BorsodChem – as the European member of the Wanhua Group – is a leading chemical raw material manufacturing company headquartered in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The company specialized for isocyanates (MDI, TDI), PVC and chlor-alkali (vinyl) businesses. The main production site is located in Kazincbarcika, Hungary but the production is also supported by other European production capacities located in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. Several branch offices are available in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and Poland." + ] + ], + [ + "Rebelle Records", + [ + "Rebelle Records AB is a record label founded by Björn Afzelius in 1988. The name is a convergence of his two daughters' names \"Rebecca\" and \"Isabelle\". The company, which holds the rights to all of Afzelius music is now located in Snekkersten, Denmark." + ] + ], + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records", + [ + "Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G. Palantzas. The head office of the label is located in Greece. The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI. The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990. Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company. Thus, until this day, Sony Music Entertainment Japan does not use the Columbia trademark for Columbia label recordings from outside Japan which are issued in Japan. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, followed by a 2008 buyout." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "RCA/Jive Label Group CEO Barry Weiss left the company in March 2011 to become the new CEO of Island Def Jam and Universal Republic, which were both part of Universal Music Group. Weiss had been the RCA/Jive Label Group CEO since 2008 and was head of Jive Records since 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Biltmore Records", + [ + "Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951. The label was headquartered in New York City. Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels. When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation. The Columbia Phonograph Company had international subsidiaries and affiliates such as the Columbia Graphophone Company in the United Kingdom, but they were sold off prior to CBS acquiring American Columbia. RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. This allowed ARC's leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to former owner Warner Bros. which sold the labels to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward which was reissued on the Columbia label as well as the Vocalion label material from the same time period which was reissued on the Okeh label. Wallerstein, who was promoted at the end of 1947 from president to chairman of the record company, restored Columbia's status as a leading record company and spearheaded the successful introduction of the long playing (LP) record before he retired as Columbia's chairman in 1951. James Conkling then became head of Columbia Records. Also in 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name and began a UK distribution deal with Philips Records, whereas Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Apronia", + [ + "Saint Apronia () was a nun and saint of the sixth century. She was born near Trier, and was the sister of Bishop Aprus of Toul, from whom she received the veil. She is recorded as having died at a convent in Troyes. Her feast day is July 15." + ] + ], + [ + "Vilaiyaadu Mankatha", + [ + "Four songs were included as bonus tracks to the single release of \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", all of which were part of earlier soundtracks by Yuvan Shankar Raja and were marketed by Sony Music Entertainment. The four songs - \"Dia Dia Dole\" performed by Suchitra for the film \"Avan Ivan\", \"Goa\" from the same-titled film featuring vocals by Krish, Ranjith, Tanvi Shah, Suchitra, Chynk Showtyme and Pav Bundy, \"Yogi Yogi Thaan\" from \"Yogi\" sung by Blaaze and Neha Bhasin and the title track from \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" rendered by Andrea Jeremiah, Tanvi Shah, Vinaitha and Ranjith - were added in their original composition without any variation." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__305566_568433_47686", + "question": "Where do greyhound buses leave from the in the city where the headquarters of the production company which produced A Cosmic Christmas is located?", + "answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Clive A. Smith", + 0 + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + 0 + ], + [ + "Toronto Coach Terminal", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hyundai Universe", + [ + "The Hyundai Universe (hangul:현대 유니버스) is a heavy-duty luxury coach built by Hyundai Motor Company. It is primarily available as luxury hi-classic tourist buses." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta DMD", + [ + "Delta DMD (), a subsidiary company of Delta Holding, is an importer and wholesaler of food and beauty products with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. It is also operating in neighboring Montenegro. It was founded in 1997, and has around 340 employees." + ] + ], + [ + "BorsodChem", + [ + "Wanhua-BorsodChem – as the European member of the Wanhua Group – is a leading chemical raw material manufacturing company headquartered in Kazincbarcika, Hungary. The company specialized for isocyanates (MDI, TDI), PVC and chlor-alkali (vinyl) businesses. The main production site is located in Kazincbarcika, Hungary but the production is also supported by other European production capacities located in Ostrava, the Czech Republic and Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland. Several branch offices are available in Hungary, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Italy and Poland." + ] + ], + [ + "Clive A. Smith", + [ + "Smith was born in London, England in 1944 and educated at the Ealing School of Art in London, England, graduating with a degree in Design and Kinetic Art. In 1964, he joined the Halas and Batchelor animation studio in West London where he worked on animated series such as \"The Beatles\" and \"The Lone Ranger\". He moved to Canada in 1967 and worked as a senior animator and designer on commercials and short films with Al Guest and Vladimir Goetzleman before meeting Hirsh and Loubert and later founding Nelvana." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Global 900", + [ + "The Hyundai Global 900 (hangul:현대 글로벌900) is a heavy-duty bus built by Hyundai Motor Company. It was primarily available as short-body city bus and tourist buses." + ] + ], + [ + "Amblin Entertainment", + [ + "Amblin Entertainment is an American film production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg, and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The company's headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, California. The company distributes all of the films from Amblin Partners under the Amblin Entertainment name." + ] + ], + [ + "Natalie Turner", + [ + "Turner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio." + ] + ], + [ + "Central Bus Station Thiruvananthapuram", + [ + "Central Bus Station (CBS), also called Thampanoor Bus Station, is a bus station in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It is located opposite the Trivandrum Central Railway station at Thampanoor.It has an area of 7.41 acres serving the buses traveling on all routes in Kerala and other inter-state destinations such as Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Chennai, Bangalore etc.It is also the headquarters of the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC)." + ] + ], + [ + "The Home Depot", + [ + "The Home Depot, Inc. or Home Depot is an American home improvement supplies retailing company that sells tools, construction products, and services. The company is headquartered at the Atlanta Store Support Center in unincorporated Cobb County, Georgia (with an Atlanta mailing address)." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York. Besides Greyhound, six other bus operators provide service to the Center City Greyhound terminal: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit. Other services include Megabus and Bolt Bus." + ] + ], + [ + "Toronto Coach Terminal", + [ + "The Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal." + ] + ], + [ + "Miller Brewing Company", + [ + "The Miller Brewing Company is an American beer brewing company headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The company has brewing facilities in Albany, Georgia; Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin; Fort Worth, Texas; Irwindale, California; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Trenton, Ohio. On July 1, 2008, SABMiller formed MillerCoors, a joint venture with rival Molson Coors to consolidate the production and distribution of its products in the United States, with each parent company's corporate operations and international operations to remain separate and independent of the joint venture." + ] + ], + [ + "Bristol Commercial Vehicles", + [ + "Bristol Commercial Vehicles was a vehicle manufacturer located in Bristol, England. Most production was of buses but trucks and railbus chassis were also built." + ] + ], + [ + "Volvo Museum", + [ + "The Volvo Museum is in Gothenburg, Sweden. It covers the development of Sweden's leading vehicle manufacturer Volvo, from the first ÖV 4 to the current cars, trucks, buses and other products. The museum also has displays of Volvo Aero and Volvo Penta products, and many other exhibits, including the joint desk of Assar Gabrielsson and Gustaf Larson from the pioneering years of the company." + ] + ], + [ + "Ssangnim-dong", + [ + "The headquarters of South Korean food company CJ Cheil Jedang is located in the CJ Cheiljedang Building near the Dongdaemun History & Culture Park Station." + ] + ], + [ + "José Antunes Sobrinho", + [ + "In the original city plan, the interstate buses should also stop at the Central Station. Because of the growth of Brasília (and corresponding growth in the bus fleet), today the interstate buses leave from the older interstate station (called Rodoferroviária), located at the western end of the Eixo Monumental. The Central Bus Station also contains a main metro station. A new bus station was opened in July 2010. It is on Saída Sul (South Exit) near Parkshopping Mall and with its metro station, and it's also an inter-state bus station, used only to leave the Federal District." + ] + ], + [ + "Bussen Trafikkselskap", + [ + "Bussen Trafikkselskap was a Norwegian bus company that operated the \"yellow\" city bus in Kristiansand and surrounding areas Vennesla, Søgne and Songdalen. The company had about 300 employees and operates on contract with Vest-Agder Kollektivtrafikk. Nettbuss Sør (blue buses) took over the local buses in Kristiansand 01.01.2011." + ] + ], + [ + "TEMSA", + [ + "TEMSA Global is a coach, bus and light truck manufacturer located in Adana, Turkey. The company is part of the Sabancı Group, a large Turkish industrial and commercial conglomerate. TEMSA is a member of the Turkish Automotive Manufacturers Association. Temsa's Adana plant has an annual production capacity of 11,500 vehicles; 4,000 buses and coaches and 7,500 light trucks." + ] + ], + [ + "Stansted Transit", + [ + "Stansted Transit Buses Ltd was a bus operating company based in Braintree, with an outstation at Saffron Walden, United Kingdom." + ] + ], + [ + "Aerotech Consumer Aerospace", + [ + "The company's headquarters are located in Cedar City, Utah and its products are sold mainly through US and international dealers. They specialize in APCP mid and high power rocket motors, as well as supplying rocket kits designed around their motors." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__351045_47134", + "question": "What is the mascot of the operator of RV Wecoma?", + "answer": "Benny Beaver", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Benny Beaver", + 0 + ], + [ + "RV Wecoma", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Flo (Progressive)", + [ + "Flo is a fictional salesperson character appearing in more than 100 commercials for Progressive Corporation, beginning in 2008. Portrayed by actress and comedian Stephanie Courtney, the character has developed a fan base on social networks and has become an iconic advertising mascot." + ] + ], + [ + "Biff, the Michigan Wolverine", + [ + "BLUE, the Wolverine was a live wolverine who served as a team mascot at University of Michigan Wolverines football games and was later kept in a small zoo at the University of Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s. In the mid-1920s, before the acquisition of a live wolverine, the University of Michigan used a mounted and stuffed wolverine, also named ``Biff '', as the team mascot." + ] + ], + [ + "Benny Beaver", + [ + "Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s." + ] + ], + [ + "Fannindel Independent School District", + [ + "Fannindel Independent School District is a public school district based in Ladonia, Texas (USA). The district's mascot is the Falcon." + ] + ], + [ + "RV Wecoma", + [ + "RV \"Wecoma\" is a research vessel owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by the College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University (OSU) as a member of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet. It is based in Newport in the U.S. state of Oregon near OSU's Hatfield Marine Science Center. Launched in 1975, it has a maximum displacement of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaver Dam High School (Wisconsin)", + [ + "Beaver Dam High School is a public high school located in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. It is a part of the Beaver Dam Unified School District. it had an enrollment of 1,045 students. Its mascot is the Golden Beaver." + ] + ], + [ + "John Cabot Catholic Secondary School", + [ + "John Cabot Catholic Secondary School is located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It is a separate Catholic high school within the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board. The school mascot is the Colt." + ] + ], + [ + "Maynard Evans High School", + [ + "Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The school's name is often shortened to \"Evans High School\" or \"E-HIGH\", and the mascot for the school are the Trojans." + ] + ], + [ + "Point Pleasant Borough High School", + [ + "Point Pleasant Borough High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school located on Laura Herbert Drive in Point Pleasant in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The school serves students in ninth through twelfth grades, operating as the lone secondary school of the Point Pleasant School District. The mascot is the panther, and the school colors are black and gold." + ] + ], + [ + "Mascot Madness!", + [ + "Mascot Madness! is the third book of the \"Schooling Around\" series by Andy Griffiths. It was published in 2009 by Pan Macmillan Australia." + ] + ], + [ + "Troy, Oregon", + [ + "Troy is an unincorporated community in rural Wallowa County, Oregon, United States at the conflux of the Grande Ronde and Wenaha rivers. Troy is west of Flora on Oregon Route 3 close to the Washington state line. It is known for its excellent river fishing, and has an RV park and two fishing lodges, as well as the Troy Resort, and a restaurant, the Wenaha Bar and Grill. There are no other businesses, and the only services are a public school and a county library branch." + ] + ], + [ + "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", + [ + "College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10" + ] + ], + [ + "Francis Howell North High School", + [ + "Francis Howell North High School is a secondary school located in St. Charles, Missouri. The school's mascot is Norm the knight." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Creek High School (Sellersburg, Indiana)", + [ + "Silver Creek High School is located in Sellersburg, Indiana. It is part of the West Clark Community Schools. The school colors are orange and blue, and the school mascot is the Dragons. Silver Creek's athletic teams are part of the 10-school Mid-Southern Conference." + ] + ], + [ + "Hartshorne Island", + [ + "Hartshorne Island () is an island between Dakers Island and Howard Island in the eastern Joubin Islands, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Sidney G. Hartshorne, Master of RV \"Hero\" on her first Antarctic voyage to Palmer Station in 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Northwestern University", + [ + "The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game." + ] + ], + [ + "Chasing the Sun (Chris Poland album)", + [ + "Chasing the Sun is the second studio album by former Megadeth guitarist Chris Poland, released in 2000 through Grooveyard Records (United States) and Mascot Records (Europe), and reissued on March 16, 2004 through Rotten Records." + ] + ], + [ + "NRL Mascot Mania", + [ + "NRL Mascot Mania is a National Rugby League video game, developed by Wicked Witch Software for Nintendo DS. It was released in July 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "Billiken", + [ + "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976)." + ] + ], + [ + "Corn flakes", + [ + "There have been many mascots of Kellogg's Cornflakes. The most popular one is a green rooster named Cornelius ``Corny ''Rooster, which has been the mascot since his debut. In early commercials, he would speak the catch phrase`` Wake up, up, up to Kellogg's Cornflakes!'' Dallas McKennon and Andy Devine voiced him. Later, he stopped talking and simply crowed. The concept of using a stylized cockerel originated from a suggestion by family friend Nansi Richards, a harpist from Wales and a Welsh language proponent. The Welsh word for cockerel is ceiliog (pronounced keyeleeog or in some dialects keelog)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__161602_474028_88460_126088", + "question": "Who was in charge in the country that is the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is located?", + "answer": "Thein Sein", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Don", + 0 + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", + [ + "For the fourth time, the Alamodome and city of San Antonio are hosting the Final Four. This is the first tournament since 1994 in which no games were played in an NFL stadium, as the Alamodome is a college football stadium, although the Alamodome hosted some home games for the New Orleans Saints during their 2005 season. The 2018 tournament featured three new arenas in previous host cities. Philips Arena, the home of the Atlanta Hawks and replacement for the previously used Omni Coliseum, hosted the South regional games, and the new Little Caesars Arena, home of the Detroit Pistons and Detroit Red Wings, hosted games. And for the first time since 1994, the tournament returned to Wichita and the state of Kansas where Intrust Bank Arena hosted first round games." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup Чемпионат мира по футболу 2018 (Chempionat mira po futbolu 2018) Tournament details Host country Russia Dates 14 June -- 15 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 11 host cities) ← 2014 2022 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Li Jiaman", + [ + "Li Jiaman (born 18 August 1997) is a Chinese archer, who participated in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. She was the sole representative of the host-country China in the archery competition." + ] + ], + [ + "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament", + [ + "The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held in Gangneung, South Korea between 14 and 25 February 2018. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking by the International Ice Hockey Federation, one, South Korea, automatically qualified as hosts, while the three others took part in a qualification tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "1998 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The tournament was won by host country France, who beat defending champions Brazil 3 -- 0 in the final. France won their first title, becoming the seventh nation to win a World Cup, and the sixth (after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina) to win the tournament on home soil. Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa made their first appearances in the finals." + ] + ], + [ + "Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament", + [ + "2018 Winter Olympics Tournament details Host country South Korea Dates 10 -- 22 February Teams 8 Venue (s) 2 (in 1 host city) Final positions Champions United States (2nd title) Runner - up Canada Third place Finland Fourth place Olympic Athletes from Russia Tournament statistics Matches played 22 Goals scored 109 (4.95 per match) Attendance 85,565 (3,889 per match) Scoring leader (s) Alina Müller (10 points) MVP Mélodie Daoust ← 2014 2022 →" + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Women's Softball World Championship", + [ + "2018 Women's Softball World Championship Tournament details Host country Japan Dates 2 -- 12 August 2018 Teams 16 (from 5 continents) Defending champions United States (2016) Final positions Champions United States (11th title) Runner - up Japan Third place Canada Fourth place Australia Tournament statistics Games played 73" + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Plymouth", + [ + "Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard." + ] + ], + [ + "A Don", + [ + "A Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match having been played only four years earlier. However, a separate Women's Cricket World Cup had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a tournament involving multiple international teams had been held as early as 1912, when a triangular tournament of Test matches was played between Australia, England and South Africa. The first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an unofficial rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "2026 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The FIFA Council went back and forth between 2013 and 2017 on limitations within hosting rotation based on the continental confederations. Originally, it was set that bids to be host would not be allowed from countries belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments. It was temporarily changed to only prohibit countries belonging to the confederation that hosted the previous World Cup from bidding to host the following tournament, before the rule was changed back to its prior state of two World Cups. However, the FIFA Council did make an exception to potentially grant eligibility to member associations of the confederation of the second - to - last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that ``Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively. ''Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from those four met the requirements." + ] + ], + [ + "1986 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from 31 May to 29 June 1986. The tournament was the second to feature a 24 - team format. With European nations not allowed to host after the previous World Cup in Spain, Colombia had been originally chosen to host the competition by FIFA but, largely due to economic reasons, was not able to do so and officially resigned in 1982. Mexico was selected as the new host in May 1983. This was the third FIFA World Cup tournament in succession that was hosted by a Hispanophonic country, after Spain in 1982, and Argentina in 1978." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 FIFA Club World Cup", + [ + "The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016 presented by Alibaba YunOS Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA - organised international club football tournament between the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the national league champion from the host country. The tournament was hosted by Japan. Real Madrid won their second Club World Cup, defeating hosts Kashima Antlers in the final." + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "The impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress, which was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years, during which Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi; and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues." + ] + ], + [ + "British Masters", + [ + "The event returned in 2015, being played at Woburn and hosted by golfer Ian Poulter. The 2016 edition was played at The Grove and hosted by Luke Donald. The 2017 tournament was played at Close House Golf Club and hosted by Lee Westwood. The 2018 tournament was played at Walton Heath Golf Club and hosted by Justin Rose." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the hosts on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + [ + "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "Sri Lanka as a co-host of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was the first host to win the tournament though the final was held in Pakistan. India won in 2011 as host and was the first team to win in a final played in their own country. Australia repeated the feat in 2015. England is the only other host to have made the final, in 1979. Other countries which have achieved or equalled their best World Cup results while co-hosting the tournament are New Zealand as finalists in 2015; Zimbabwe who reached the Super Six in 2003; and Kenya as semi-finalists in 2003. In 1987, co-hosts India and Pakistan both reached the semi-finals, but were eliminated by Australia and England respectively. Australia in 1992, England in 1999, South Africa in 2003, and Bangladesh in 2011 have been the host teams that were eliminated in the first round." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__620853_22458", + "question": "What does the name of the organization the Haiti national football team belongs to stand for?", + "answer": "International Federation of Association Football", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Switzerland", + 0 + ], + [ + "2014 Kosovo v Haiti football match", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Honour Gombami", + [ + "Honour Gombami (born 9 January 1983, in Gwanda) is a Zimbabwean football player. He is a member of the Zimbabwe national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Alain Gustave", + [ + "Alain Gustave (born October 5, 1986) is a Haitian soccer player who currently plays for Sevilla FC Puerto Rico of the Puerto Rico Soccer League. He also plays for the Haiti national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Reda Shehata", + [ + "Reda Shehata (born January 24, 1981 in Egypt) is an Egyptian football midfielder. He is a member of the Egypt national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Madeleine Giske", + [ + "Madeleine Giske (born 14 September 1987) is a Norwegian football midfielder who currently plays for Toppserien team LSK Kvinner in Lillestrøm, Norway. She is also a member of the Norway women's national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Antar Osmani", + [ + "An Algerian international from 1989 to 1992, he was a member of the Algeria national football team that won the 1990 African Cup of Nations and the 1991 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations. He was also a member of the Algeria under-20 national team that won the 1979 African Youth Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "New Orleans Saints", + [ + "The New Orleans Saints are a professional American football team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Saints currently compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The team was founded by John W. Mecom Jr., David Dixon and the city of New Orleans. The Saints began play in Tulane Stadium in 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "Abderrahim Achchakir", + [ + "Abderrahim Achchakir (born December 15, 1986) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for FAR Rabat and the Morocco national team. He was a member of the Morocco national team at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa." + ] + ], + [ + "Naji Shushan", + [ + "Naji Shushan (; born January 14, 1981 in Tripoli, Libya) is a Libyan football defender currently playing for Alahly. He was a member of the Libya national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "Janine Chamot", + [ + "Janine Chamot (born 4 February 1983 in Morrens, Switzerland) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for YB Frauen, the BSC Young Boys Ladies team, in the Swiss National League A (NLA). She was also a member of the Switzerland women's national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Khaled Al Zakiba", + [ + "Khaled Al Zakiba is Qatari footballer who is a defender for Muaither . He is a member of the Qatar national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "Henri Caroine", + [ + "Henri Caroine (born 7 September 1981) is a Tahitian footballer currently playing for Horizon Patho. He is a member of Tahiti national football team." + ] + ], + [ + "2014 Kosovo v Haiti football match", + [ + "Kosovo vs Haiti was the first international match involving the Kosovar national football team to be recognised by FIFA, and the first to take place within Kosovo. The match was an international friendly between representative teams from Kosovo and Haiti." + ] + ], + [ + "United Nations Security Council Resolution 862", + [ + "United Nations Security Council resolution 862, adopted unanimously on 31 August 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council reaffirmed the international community's commitment to a solution in Haiti and discussed the establishment of a new police force in Haiti under a proposed United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)." + ] + ], + [ + "Stadion Grbavica", + [ + "Grbavica Stadium is located in Grbavica, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The football stadium has terraces close to the pitch and it is the home stadium of FK Željezničar Sarajevo and one of two stadiums of the national football team of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The stadium has a capacity to hold 13,785 seated spectators, with more room for standing spectators under South stands (capacity up to 16,000). Grbavica Stadium is also known as \"Dolina ćupova\" (en. Plain of Jars)." + ] + ], + [ + "Tempête FC", + [ + "Tempête Football Club is a professional football club based in Saint-Marc, Haiti. The club was founded in 1970 and competes in Haiti's top league, Ligue Haïtienne." + ] + ], + [ + "Jūlija Sokolova", + [ + "Jūlija Sokolova is a Latvian football striker currently playing for Górnik Łęczna in the Polish Ekstraliga. She is a member of the Latvian national team." + ] + ], + [ + "Ali Asghar Modir Roosta", + [ + "Modir Roosta is a former member of Iran national football team. He was also a Futsal player and appeared for Iran national futsal team at the FIFA Futsal World Cup 1992." + ] + ], + [ + "Madawa Macrada", + [ + "Madawa Macrada is a Chadian football player and the member of Chad national football team. He has 2 caps for national team earned in qualifying matches for 2012 Africa Cup of Nations. He plays club football in Gazelle FC in Chad." + ] + ], + [ + "Jesus Paesch", + [ + "Jesus Paesch (born 10 September 1986) is a football (soccer) player and member of the Aruba national football team. He has 2 caps for national team." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__136067_160249", + "question": "Between which years did war with the person for whom Pyrrhic victory is named occur?", + "answer": "323–272 BC", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Pyrrhic victory", + 0 + ], + [ + "Hieronymus of Cardia", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Siege of Genoa (1800)", + [ + "During the Siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800) the Austrians besieged and captured Genoa. However, this was a pyrrhic victory as the smaller French force at Genoa under André Masséna had diverted enough Austrian troops to enable Napoleon to win the Battle of Marengo and defeat the Austrians." + ] + ], + [ + "Lloyd Andrews Hamilton", + [ + "First Lieutenant Lloyd Andrews Hamilton (13 June 1894 – 24 August 1918) was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During five months of 1918 he became an ace with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and then again with the United States Air Service (USAS). Hamilton Air Force Base is named after him." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Höchst", + [ + "The Battle of Höchst (20 June 1622) was fought between a combined Catholic League army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a Protestant army commanded by Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, close to the town of Höchst, today a suburb of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The result was a one-sided Catholic League victory. . The action occurred during the Thirty Years' War." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Bassano", + [ + "The Battle of Bassano was fought on 8 September 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the territory of the Republic of Venice, between a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Count Dagobert von Wurmser. The engagement occurred during the second Austrian attempt to raise the Siege of Mantua. It was a French victory, however it was the last battle in Napoleon's perfect military career as two months later he would be defeated at the Second Battle of Bassano, ending his victorious streak. The Austrians abandoned their artillery and baggage, losing supplies, cannons, and battle standards to the French." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of the Slaak", + [ + "The naval Battle of the Slaak (12 and 13 September 1631) was a Dutch victory during the Eighty Years' War. The Dutch prevented the Spanish army from dividing the Dutch United Provinces in two." + ] + ], + [ + "Gino Bartali", + [ + "Gino Bartali (; 18 July 1914 – 5 May 2000), nicknamed Gino the Pious and (in Italy) Ginettaccio, was a champion road cyclist. He was the most renowned Italian cyclist before the Second World War, having won the Giro d'Italia twice, in 1936 and 1937, and the Tour de France in 1938. After the war he added one more victory in each event: the Giro d'Italia in 1946 and the Tour de France in 1948. His second and last Tour de France victory in 1948 gave him the largest gap between victories in the race." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Szikszó", + [ + "The Battle of Szikszó was fought in October 1588 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Long War. The Hungarian forces were fewer in number, but were victorious over the Ottomans. This unexpected victory was even mentioned by Emperor Rudolf decades after the battle. It was one of the most glorious Hungarian victories in the post-Mohács period." + ] + ], + [ + "Pyrrhic victory", + [ + "\"Pyrrhic victory\" is named after King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Heraclea in 280 BC and the Battle of Asculum in 279 BC, during the Pyrrhic War. After the latter battle, Plutarch relates in a report by Dionysius:" + ] + ], + [ + "Mansell Richard James", + [ + "Captain Mansell Richard James (18 June 1893 – c. 2 June 1919) was a Canadian-born World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories. He disappeared after setting a postwar aviation record for prize money, and was the object of repeated searches throughout the years." + ] + ], + [ + "Hieronymus of Cardia", + [ + "He wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Vĩnh Yên", + [ + "The Battle of Vĩnh Yên (), also called Tran Hung Dao Campaign by Vietminh, which occurred from 13 to 17 January 1951, was a major engagement in the First Indochina War between the French Union and the Việt Minh. The French Union forces, led by World War II hero Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Việt Minh forces, which were commanded by Võ Nguyên Giáp. The victory marked a turn in the tide of the war, which was previously characterized by a number of Việt Minh victories." + ] + ], + [ + "Fresnel number", + [ + "The Fresnel number (\"F\"), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number occurring in optics, in particular in scalar diffraction theory." + ] + ], + [ + "Tiberius Coruncanius", + [ + "Tiberius Coruncanius (died 241 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 280 BC. As a military commander in that year and the following, he was known for the battles against Pyrrhus of Epirus that led to the expression \"Pyrrhic victory\". He was the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus, and possibly the first teacher of Roman law to offer public instruction." + ] + ], + [ + "Giulio Lega", + [ + "Capitano Giulio Lega was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. After finishing the war, he completed medical school, and began a near lifelong career caring for the Italian Chamber of Deputies." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Lens", + [ + "The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was the last major battle of the war and a French victory. The battle cemented the reputation of Condé as one of the greatest generals of his age." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Mojkovac", + [ + "The Battle of Mojkovac was a World War I battle fought between 6 January and 7 January 1916 near Mojkovac, Montenegro, between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Montenegro. It ended with a Montenegrin Pyrrhic victory." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of María", + [ + "The Battle of María (15 June 1809) saw a small Spanish army led by Joaquín Blake y Joyes face an Imperial French corps under Louis Gabriel Suchet. After an inconclusive contest earlier in the day, Suchet's cavalry made a decisive charge that resulted in a French victory. Though the Spanish right wing was crushed, the rest of Blake's army got away in fairly good order after abandoning most of its artillery. María de Huerva is located southwest of Zaragoza, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War which was part of the larger struggle known as the Napoleonic Wars." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Suwon Airfield", + [ + "The Battle of Suwon Airfield was the first aerial battle of the Korean War occurring on June 27, 1950 over Kimpo Airfield and Suwon Airfield. The battle, between aircraft of the United States and North Korea, ended in a victory for the US Air Force after nine of its aircraft successfully shot down seven North Korean People's Air Force aircraft. It was the first direct engagement of the Air Battle of South Korea." + ] + ], + [ + "Battle of Callinicum", + [ + "The Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531 AD, between the armies of the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius and a Sasanian cavalry force under Azarethes. After a defeat at the Battle of Dara, the Sasanians moved to invade Syria in an attempt to turn the tide of the war. Belisarius' rapid response foiled the plan, and his troops pushed the Persians to the edge of Syria through maneuvering before forcing a battle in which the Sasanians proved to be the pyrrhic victors." + ] + ], + [ + "Earl Frederick Crabb", + [ + "Lieutenant (later Major) Earl Frederick Crabb (March 27, 1899 – October 18, 1986) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. After World War I, he was an aviation pioneer and bush pilot. He returned to military aviation during World War II. He flew as a commercial pilot until he was 72 years old." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__159467_725495_49925_267352", + "question": "In New Zealand, 12.6% of Christians belong to a church that is also active in Lesotho. What movement was led by a man who challenged this church?", + "answer": "German Renaissance", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Reformation", + 0 + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in Lesotho", + 0 + ], + [ + "Peter Agricola", + 0 + ], + [ + "New Zealand", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "Christianity is the predominant religion of Switzerland (about 71% of resident population and 75% of Swiss citizens), divided between the Catholic Church (38.21% of the population), the Swiss Reformed Church (26.93%), further Protestant churches (2.89%) and other Christian denominations (2.79%). There has been a recent rise in Evangelicalism. Immigration has brought Islam (4.95%) and Eastern Orthodoxy (around 2%) as sizeable minority religions. According to a 2015 poll by Gallup International, 12% of Swiss people self-identified as \"convinced atheists.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Reformation", + [ + "Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought." + ] + ], + [ + "United Church of Canada", + [ + "The United Church of Canada (French: Église unie du Canada) is a mainline Reformed denomination and the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada, and the largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church. In 2011, Statistics Canada reported approximately 2 million people identifying as adherents. The United Church was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Protestant denominations with a total combined membership of about 600,000 members: the Methodist Church, Canada, the Congregational Union of Ontario and Quebec, two - thirds of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Association of Local Union Churches, a movement predominantly of the Canadian Prairie provinces. The Canadian Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren Church joined the United Church of Canada on January 1, 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", + [ + "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (known as the LDS Church or, informally, the Mormon Church) is a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. According to the church, it has over 70,000 missionaries and a membership of nearly 16 million. It is ranked by the National Council of Churches as the fourth - largest Christian denomination in the United States. It is the largest denomination in the Latter Day Saint movement founded by Joseph Smith during the period of religious revival known as the Second Great Awakening." + ] + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in Lesotho", + [ + "Many Christians still practice their traditional cultural beliefs and rituals along with Christianity. The Catholic Church has fused some aspects of local culture into its services. For example, the singing of hymns during services has developed into a local and traditional way of singing (a repetitive call and response style) in Sesotho, the indigenous language, as well as English. In addition priests are seen dressed in local dress during services." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Agricola", + [ + "Peter Agricola (June 29, 1525 – July 5 or 7, 1585) was a German Renaissance humanist, educator, classical scholar and theologian, diplomat and statesman, disciple of Martin Luther, friend and collaborator of Philipp Melanchthon." + ] + ], + [ + "Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola", + [ + "The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola (Latin original: \"Exercitia spiritualia\"), composed 1522–1524, are a set of Christian meditations, contemplations, and prayers written by Saint Ignatius of Loyola, a 16th-century Spanish priest, theologian, and founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). Divided into four thematic \"weeks\" of variable length, they are designed to be carried out over a period of 28 to 30 days. They were composed with the intention of helping participants in religious retreats to discern the will of God in their lives, leading to a personal commitment to follow Jesus whatever the cost. Their underlying theology has been found agreeable to other Christian denominations who make use of them and also for addressing problems facing society in the 21st century." + ] + ], + [ + "Baptists", + [ + "During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from the Roman Catholic Church. There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation. There also were Christians who were disappointed that the Church of England had not made corrections of what some considered to be errors and abuses. Of those most critical of the Church's direction, some chose to stay and try to make constructive changes from within the Anglican Church. They became known as \"Puritans\" and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists. Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction and became known as the Separatists." + ] + ], + [ + "New Zealand", + [ + "Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world. In the 2013 census, 55.0% of the population identified with one or more religions, including 49.0% identifying as Christians. Another 41.9% indicated that they had no religion. The main Christian denominations are, by number of adherents, Roman Catholicism (12.6%), Anglicanism (11.8%), Presbyterianism (8.5%) and \"Christian not further defined\" (i.e. people identifying as Christian but not stating the denomination, 5.5%). The Māori-based Ringatū and Rātana religions (1.4%) are also Christian in origin. Immigration and demographic change in recent decades has contributed to the growth of minority religions, such as Hinduism (2.1%), Buddhism (1.5%), Islam (1.2%) and Sikhism (0.5%). The Auckland Region exhibited the greatest religious diversity." + ] + ], + [ + "Casper (film)", + [ + "Christina Ricci as Kathleen ``Kat ''Harvey, Dr. James Harvey's 13 - year - old daughter and Casper's love interest, who has lost her mother and wants to make a friend." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity." + ] + ], + [ + "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington", + [ + "The governor of an unnamed western state, Hubert ``Happy ''Hopper (Guy Kibbee), has to pick a replacement for recently deceased U.S. Senator Sam Foley. His corrupt political boss, Jim Taylor (Edward Arnold), pressures Hopper to choose his handpicked stooge, while popular committees want a reformer, Henry Hill. The governor's children want him to select Jefferson Smith (James Stewart), the head of the Boy Rangers. Unable to make up his mind between Taylor's stooge and the reformer, Hopper decides to flip a coin. When it lands on edge -- and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments -- he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate." + ] + ], + [ + "Acts of the Apostles", + [ + "Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ``apology ''for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements are sometimes capable of affecting parts of the Roman Catholic Church, such as does it the Charismatic Movement, which aims to incorporate beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostals into the various branches of Christianity. Neo-charismatic churches are sometimes regarded as a subgroup of the Charismatic Movement. Nondenominational churches often adopt, or are akin to one of these movements." + ] + ], + [ + "Dutch Reformed Church", + [ + "The Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation until 1930. It was the foremost Protestant denomination, and -- since 1892 -- one of the two major Reformed denominations along with the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands." + ] + ], + [ + "Brite Divinity School", + [ + "Brite Divinity School is affiliated with and located at Texas Christian University. It is also affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Along with being accredited by the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Brite is approved by the University Senate of the United Methodist Church and receives support for its Baptist Studies program from the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship. About thirty different denominations are represented in the student body of Brite, with the largest two usually being members of the Disciples of Christ and the United Methodist Churches. The current 20 full-time faculty members represent several different denominations." + ] + ], + [ + "Presbyterianism", + [ + "The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition." + ] + ], + [ + "Armenians", + [ + "While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__71753_729371_70784_79935", + "question": "When was the region that lies to the north of where Israel is located and the location of Operation Earnest Will established?", + "answer": "1930", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "History of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + 0 + ], + [ + "Israel", + 0 + ], + [ + "Operation Praying Mantis", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council", + [ + "Hevel Eilot Regional Council (, \"Mo'atza Azorit Hevel Eilot\") is a regional council in the Southern District of Israel, near the city of Eilat. It is the southernmost regional council in Israel." + ] + ], + [ + "Manitung Island", + [ + "Manitung Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Kekertaluk Island, Nedlukseak Island, and Nudlung Island." + ] + ], + [ + "Ami'oz", + [ + "Ami'oz () is a moshav in southern Israel. Located in the Hevel Eshkol area of the north-western Negev desert near the border with the Gaza Strip, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ], + [ + "Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant", + [ + "The Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant is located in the Fessenheim commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France, north east of the Mulhouse urban area, within of the border with Germany, and approximately from Switzerland. The plant is located in the thirteenth most densely populated region in Metropolitan France and in the centre of the European Backbone. It is the oldest operational nuclear power plant in France since the Superphénix, a fast breeder reactor, was closed in 1996/97." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "For much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930." + ] + ], + [ + "East Redonda Island", + [ + "East Redonda Island is a coastal island in British Columbia, Canada, part of the Discovery Islands archipelago. It lies just to the north of Desolation Sound Marine Park, which is located off the north end of the Malaspina Peninsula at the mouth of Toba Inlet within Electoral Area C of the Strathcona Regional District." + ] + ], + [ + "North East Side (Denver)", + [ + "The North East Side (Denver), is a region/area located in both Denver County and Adams County. The neighborhoods located within Denver's north east side are Elyria-Swansea, Commerce City, and Derby. As of the 2007 Denver Piton Foundation and the United States Census Bureau, the region/area had a total population of 53,541 people." + ] + ], + [ + "Wariri", + [ + "Wariri (Aymara \"wari\" vicuña, \"-(i)ri\" a suffix, Hispanicized spelling \"Huarire\", also \"Huairire\") is a mountain in the Andes of southern Peru, about high. It is located in the Tacna Region, Tarata Province, Susapaya District. Wariri lies between the lake Wilaquta in the north and Ñiq'i Quta (\"mud lake\") in the south." + ] + ], + [ + "Defot Creek", + [ + "Defot Creek is a creek located in the Stikine Region of British Columbia. The creek is a tributary of the west fork of the Canyon River. Defot Creek is located north west of Dease Lake. The creek came to prominence when John Defot discovered gold there in 1878. Two hundred miners moved into the region and created a camp called Defot. Defot was mined using wing damming and sluicing. By 1880 fewer than 40 miners remained at the creek as the gold supply dwindled." + ] + ], + [ + "Minhla, Bago", + [ + "Minhla is a town and seat of Minhla Township, Tharrawaddy District, in the Bago Region of southern-central Myanmar. It lies approximately 20 kilometres south of Okpho off National Highway 2. It is located roughly 155 kilometres north of Yangon. Its population in 1908 was 2553. Minhla was occupied during the Third Anglo-Burmese War." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaconsfield, Queensland", + [ + "Beaconsfield is a suburb of Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It is located north of Mackay. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 4,934." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts." + ] + ], + [ + "Israel", + [ + "Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ‎), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ‎, Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ‎), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others." + ] + ], + [ + "Wollaston Peninsula", + [ + "The Wollaston Peninsula (previously, Wollaston Land) is a west-pointing peninsula located on southwestern Victoria Island, Canada. It is bordered by Prince Albert Sound to the north, Amundsen Gulf to the west and Dolphin and Union Strait to the south. Most of the peninsula lies in Nunavut's Kitikmeot Region but a smaller portion lies within the Northwest Territories's Inuvik Region. The peninsula is long, and between wide. Its westernmost point is Cape Baring." + ] + ], + [ + "Operation Praying Mantis", + [ + "According to Bradley Peniston, the attack by the U.S. helped pressure Iran to agree to a ceasefire with Iraq later that summer, ending the eight-year conflict between the Persian Gulf neighbors." + ] + ], + [ + "Eumundi railway station", + [ + "Eumundi railway station is located on the North Coast line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the town of Eumundi in the Sunshine Coast Region." + ] + ], + [ + "Canadian Armed Forces", + [ + "The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty patrols." + ] + ], + [ + "Rawdon, Quebec", + [ + "Rawdon is a municipality located on the Ouareau River in southwestern Quebec, Canada, about 60 kilometres north of Montreal. It is the seat for the Regional County Municipality of Matawinie, in the Lanaudière region. Rawdon is part of the Joliette federal electoral district." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "Gazit", + [ + "Gazit () is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In it had a population of ." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__132798_40769_64047", + "question": "When did the luxury division of the maker of the Toyopet Master change the body style of the rx 350?", + "answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Lexus RX", + 0 + ], + [ + "Toyopet Master", + 0 + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C.", + [ + "Hapoel Rishon LeZion F.C. () is an Israeli football club which currently plays in Liga Leumit, Israel's second football division. Home matches are hosted at the Haberfeld Stadium. In 1991, the club changed its name to Hapoel Ironi Rishon LeZion (), and in June 2008 the name was switched back to Hapoel Rishon LeZion following a change in ownership." + ] + ], + [ + "Lincoln Town Car", + [ + "Lincoln Town Car Overview Manufacturer The Lincoln Motor Company (Ford Motor Company) Production 1980 -- 2011 Model years 1981 -- 2011 Body and chassis Class Full - size luxury car (F) Layout FR layout Platform Ford Panther platform Related Mercury Grand Marquis Ford Crown Victoria Chronology Predecessor Lincoln Continental (1980) Successor Lincoln MKS (full - size sedan) Lincoln Continental (2017)" + ] + ], + [ + "Duesenberg Model J", + [ + "The Duesenberg Model J is a luxury automobile made by Duesenberg. Intended to compete with the most luxurious and powerful cars in the world, it was introduced in 1928, the year before the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression. The Model J, available with a supercharger after 1932, was sold until 1937." + ] + ], + [ + "Dominion Enterprises", + [ + "Dominion Enterprises is a Norfolk, Virginia-based media and information services company for the automotive, real estate, and travel industries. It has Internet and printed media operations. Dominion Enterprises was established in September 2006 by Landmark Media Enterprises (formerly Landmark Communications), following a division of assets of its predecessor company, Trader Publishing, between shared owners Landmark and Cox Enterprises. In September 2017, Dominion Enterprises sold ForRent.com to CoStar Group for $350 million in cash and $35 million worth of stock. In May 2017, Dominion Domains, division of Dominion Enterprises, launched new website servicing the domain name industry." + ] + ], + [ + "Great Wolf Resorts", + [ + "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development." + ] + ], + [ + "Bristol 406", + [ + "The Bristol 406 was a luxury car produced between 1958 and 1961 by British manufacturer Bristol Aeroplane Co. Their cars were constructed to very high engineering standards and were intended to be long-lasting to justify their very high price. Buyers might arrange considerable changes to the specification of their own particular vehicle. Bristol Aeroplane's car division later became Bristol Cars." + ] + ], + [ + "Rutherford Hotel", + [ + "The Rutherford Hotel (named after Sir Ernest Rutherford) is a luxury accommodation hotel in Nelson, New Zealand It is the biggest hotel in Nelson, and the city's tallest building. It is part of the chain company Heritage Hotels, which have hotels based in many locations around New Zealand." + ] + ], + [ + "Toyota", + [ + "From September 1947, Toyota's small - sized vehicles were sold under the name ``Toyopet ''(トヨペット). The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA, but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck, Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word`` Toyopet (Japanese article)'' was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets. The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s." + ] + ], + [ + "Volkswagen Polo Mk2", + [ + "The Volkswagen Polo Mk2 is the second generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini. It was produced from late 1981 until 1994. It received a major facelift in 1990 and was available in three different body styles, including a distinctive \"\"kammback\"\"-styled hatchback. The sedan version received the name of Volkswagen Derby." + ] + ], + [ + "Paul Allen", + [ + "Allen and his sister Jody Allen together were the owners and executive producers of Vulcan Productions, a television and film production company headquartered in Seattle within the entertainment division of Vulcan Inc. Their films have received various recognition, ranging from a Peabody to Independent Spirit Awards, Grammys and Emmys. In 2014 alone, Allen's film, \"We The Economy,\" won 12 awards including a Webby award for best Online News & Politics Series. The films have also been nominated for Golden Globes and Academy Awards among many others. Vulcan Productions' films and documentary projects include \"Far from Heaven\" (2002), \"Hard Candy\" (2005), \"Rx for Survival: A Global Health Challenge\" (2005), \"Where God Left His Shoes\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"This Emotional Life\" (2010), \"We The Economy\" (2014) \"Racing Extinction\" (2015) and Oscar-nominated \"Body Team 12\" (2015)." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura RL", + [ + "The Acura RL is a mid-sized / executive luxury car that was manufactured by the Acura division of Honda for the 1996–2012 model years over two generations. The RL was the flagship of the marque, having succeeded the Acura Legend, and was replaced in 2013 by the Acura RLX. All models of the Legend, RL and RLX lines have been adapted from the Japanese domestic market Honda Legend. The model name \"RL\" is an abbreviation for \"Refined Luxury.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Lexus RX", + [ + "A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year." + ] + ], + [ + "Sony Music", + [ + "With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Trago", + [ + "The Hyundai Trago (hangul:현대 트라고) is a line of heavy-duty commercial vehicle by Hyundai Motor Company in luxury commercial vehicle. The range was primarily available as luxury cargo and dump truck, tractor. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai', but in USA and Canada it was known as Bering HD or Bering HDMX, and Korea truck based it was known as Hyundai New Power Truck." + ] + ], + [ + "Hyundai Universe", + [ + "The Hyundai Universe (hangul:현대 유니버스) is a heavy-duty luxury coach built by Hyundai Motor Company. It is primarily available as luxury hi-classic tourist buses." + ] + ], + [ + "Toyopet Master", + [ + "The Toyopet Master, introduced in January 1955, is a passenger car that was an update to the SF/RH model with a modernized body. As for its predecessor, it has a ladder frame with leaf sprung front and rear axles. The Toyopet Master was an evolution of an earlier Toyota sedan called the Toyota SF/RH model (also known as the Super), and was sold in parallel with the first Toyota Crown. The more conservative Master was introduced as a frugally equipped version meant for taxi usage. The Master and Crown shared the same R-series engine, which produces in the Master. It was sold at a chain of Toyota Japan dealerships called \"Toyota Store\", next to the more upscale Crown, which was intended as a private purchase alternative to the Master." + ] + ], + [ + "Genesis Motor", + [ + "Genesis Motors is the luxury vehicle division of the South Korean vehicle manufacturer Hyundai Motor Group. Initially envisioned along with the plan for Hyundai's new luxury sedan Hyundai Genesis in 2004, the Genesis brand was officially announced as a standalone marque on 4 November 2015." + ] + ], + [ + "John Graham McCrorey", + [ + "John Graham McCrorey (October 11, 1860 – November 20, 1923) was an American businessman who made his fortune as a retailer. McCrorey was the founder of a chain of five and dime stores that bore his name, known as McCrory Stores. The company was so named because McCrorey did not want to pay for extra letters on his store signs, and he eventually changed his legal last name to \"McCrory\" so as to avoid confusion. The first McCrory store opened in Scottsdale, Pennsylvania in 1882." + ] + ], + [ + "1973 oil crisis", + [ + "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands." + ] + ], + [ + "Acura MDX", + [ + "The Acura MDX, or Honda MDX as known in Japan and Australia (only the first generation was imported), is a mid-size three-row luxury crossover, produced by the Japanese automaker Honda under its Acura luxury nameplate since 2000. The alphanumeric moniker stands for \"Multi-Dimensional luxury\". According to Honda, the MDX is the best-selling three-row luxury crossover of all time, with cumulative U.S. sales expected to surpass 700,000 units before the end of 2014. It has ranked as the second-best selling luxury crossover after the Lexus RX, which offers only two rows of seats." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__286_574195", + "question": "From where did the man who said Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the United States graduate?", + "answer": "National Institute of Dramatic Art", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Jason Keng-Kwin Chan", + 0 + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein", + [ + "Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (born 19 July 1985 in Eckernförde, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany) is the heir apparent of Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, current Head of the House of Schleswig-Holstein, the senior extant line of the House of Oldenburg." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because GateFive had lost its financial backers. Beyoncé also has had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal since the age of 18." + ] + ], + [ + "Monarchy of Canada", + [ + "The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster - style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (Queen - in - Council), legislative (Queen - in - Parliament), and judicial (Queen - on - the - Bench) branches within both federal and provincial jurisdictions. The sovereign is the personification of the Canadian state and is Queen of Canada as a matter of constitutional law. The current Canadian monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth's eldest son, Prince Charles, is heir apparent." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "Described as being \"sexy, seductive and provocative\" when performing on stage, Beyoncé has said that she originally created the alter ego \"Sasha Fierce\" to keep that stage persona separate from who she really is. She described Sasha as being \"too aggressive, too strong, too sassy [and] too sexy\", stating, \"I'm not like her in real life at all.\" Sasha was conceived during the making of \"Crazy in Love\", and Beyoncé introduced her with the release of her 2008 album I Am... Sasha Fierce. In February 2010, she announced in an interview with Allure magazine that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce. However, Beyoncé announced in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month." + ] + ], + [ + "Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales", + [ + "Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, 1st Earl of Salisbury (December 14739 April 1484), was the heir apparent of King Richard III of England and his wife, Anne Neville. He was Richard's only legitimate child and died aged ten." + ] + ], + [ + "Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles", + [ + "Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles (before 1596 – 15 December 1619) was the son and heir apparent of Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond (1559 – 1632/3) (whom he predeceased) and Helen Butler. He resided at Thurles Castle, Thurles, County Tipperary. He was the father of the noted Anglo-Irish statesman and Royalist commander James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A statement released from a spokesperson for the magazine said that Beyoncé's look was \"far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce\" and that it was \"a return to her African roots\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single \"Déjà Vu\", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single \"Irreplaceable\" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; \"Ring the Alarm\", \"Get Me Bodied\", and \"Green Light\" (released in the United Kingdom only)." + ] + ], + [ + "Monarchy of the Netherlands", + [ + "King of the Netherlands Koning der Nederlanden Coat of arms of the Netherlands Incumbent Willem - Alexander since 30 April 2013 Details Style His Majesty Heir apparent Catharina - Amalia, Princess of Orange First monarch William I Formation 16 March 1815 Residence Royal Palace of Amsterdam Noordeinde Palace Huis ten Bosch Website The Royal Website" + ] + ], + [ + "Zhang Xuanjing", + [ + "Zhang Xuanjing was born in 350, during the reign of his father Zhang Chonghua (Duke Jinglie). His mother was likely Zhang Chonghua's concubine Lady Guo (as he honored her as princess dowager in 363, which he would have had little reason to do if she were not his mother). He had an older brother, Zhang Yaoling, who was his father's heir apparent." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "Beyoncé's vocal range spans four octaves. Jody Rosen highlights her tone and timbre as particularly distinctive, describing her voice as \"one of the most compelling instruments in popular music\". While another critic says she is a \"Vocal acrobat, being able to sing long and complex melismas and vocal runs effortlessly, and in key. Her vocal abilities mean she is identified as the centerpiece of Destiny's Child. The Daily Mail calls Beyoncé's voice \"versatile\", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop. Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that her voice is \"velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting\". Rosen notes that the hip hop era highly influenced Beyoncé's strange rhythmic vocal style, but also finds her quite traditionalist in her use of balladry, gospel and falsetto. Other critics praise her range and power, with Chris Richards of The Washington Post saying she was \"capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Italo Balbo", + [ + "Italo Balbo (Ferrara, 6 June 1896 – Tobruk, 28 June 1940) was an Italian Blackshirt (\"Camicie Nere\", or CCNN) leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force (\"Maresciallo dell'Aria\"), Governor-General of Libya, Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa (\"Africa Settentrionale Italiana\", or ASI), and the \"heir apparent\" to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini." + ] + ], + [ + "Divas in Distress", + [ + "Divas in Distress is a 2012 Hong Kong television drama produced by TVB. Written by Chan Kam-ling and produced by Poon Ka-tak, \"Divas in Distress\" is a sister production of the time traveling comedy, \"A Chip Off the Old Block\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Saad bin Laden", + [ + "Sa'ad bin Osama bin Muhammad bin 'Awad bin Laden (; 1979 - 2009), better known as Saad bin Laden, was one of Osama bin Laden's sons. He continued in his father's footsteps by being active in Al Qaeda, and was being groomed to be his heir apparent. He was killed in an American drone strike in 2009." + ] + ], + [ + "Jason Keng-Kwin Chan", + [ + "Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts, studying ballet, contemporary dance, and jazz dance at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. After graduating, he obtained his Fellowship in General Practice and worked as a General Practitioner for a few years before gaining a place in the renowned National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney (other graduates include: Mel Gibson, Cate Blanchett, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann and Hugo Weaving) where he obtained a Bachelor of Dramatic Arts in Acting. He is the co-founder of the Production Company \"BananaMana Films\" along with Christian Lee. Chan currently resides in Singapore." + ] + ], + [ + "Matilda of Anjou", + [ + "Matilda of Anjou, also known as Mahaut (c. 1106 – 1154) was married in 1119 to William Adelin, son and heir apparent of Henry I of England." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Department of Education", + [ + "The United States Department of Education (ED or DoED), also referred to as the ED for (the) Education Department, is a Cabinet - level department of the United States government. Recreated by the Department of Education Organization Act (Public Law 96 - 88) and signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 17, 1979, it began operating on May 4, 1980." + ] + ], + [ + "Shwenankyawshin", + [ + "Shwenankyawshin was born Min Swe to King Minkhaung II and Chief Queen Atula Thiri Dhamma Dewi on 22 September 1476. He was the second of four children of the couple. He had an elder brother Thihatura II and two younger sisters Soe Min and Min Pwa Saw. As the second eldest son of the chief queen, Min Swe was a senior prince but was not the heir apparent. Minkhaung II upon his accession anointed his eldest son Thihathura II heir apparent, and him the joint-king in 1485. The arrangement stayed until March 1501 when Thihathura II suddenly died, and Shwenankyawshin was made the heir-apparent. But when Minkhaung II also died a month later on 7 April 1501 (5th waning of Late Tagu 862 ME), Shwenankyawshin found himself king. His coronation took place on either 18 April 1501 (1st waxing of Kason 863 ME) or 10 May 1501 (9th waning of Kason 863). In the Burmese royal tradition, he took the chief queen of Thihathura as his chief queen." + ] + ], + [ + "Kim Han-sol", + [ + "Kim Han-sol (, born 16 June 1995) is the eldest son of Kim Jong-nam and a grandson of the former North Korean ruler, Kim Jong-il. His father was the unofficial heir-apparent until 2001, when he fell out of favor with the regime after a failed attempt to secretly visit Japan's Disneyland in May 2001." + ] + ], + [ + "Beyoncé", + [ + "In The New Yorker music critic Jody Rosen described Beyoncé as \"the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century..... the result, the logical end point, of a century-plus of pop.\" When The Guardian named her Artist of the Decade, Llewyn-Smith wrote, \"Why Beyoncé? [...] Because she made not one but two of the decade's greatest singles, with Crazy in Love and Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It), not to mention her hits with Destiny's Child; and this was the decade when singles – particularly R&B singles – regained their status as pop's favourite medium. [...] [She] and not any superannuated rock star was arguably the greatest live performer of the past 10 years.\" In 2013, Beyoncé made the Time 100 list, Baz Luhrmann writing \"no one has that voice, no one moves the way she moves, no one can hold an audience the way she does... When Beyoncé does an album, when Beyoncé sings a song, when Beyoncé does anything, it's an event, and it's broadly influential. Right now, she is the heir-apparent diva of the USA — the reigning national voice.\" In 2014, Beyoncé was listed again on the Time 100 and also featured on the cover of the issue." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop2__802066_223623_162182", + "question": "In what region of the country where Châu Đức is found, is the birthplace of John Phan?", + "answer": "South Central Coast", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "South Central Coast", + 0 + ], + [ + "Châu Đức District", + 0 + ], + [ + "John Phan", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Broward Correctional Institution", + [ + "The Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) was a correctional facility located in the former Country Estates CDP and in Southwest Ranches, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections. The Region IV Correctional Facility Office is located on the grounds of Broward Correctional Institution in the former Country Estates CDP. The prison was in proximity to Pembroke Pines. It was located along Sheridan Street, near U.S. Route 27." + ] + ], + [ + "Nông Văn Vân", + [ + "Nông Văn Vân (農文雲, ?–1835) was the leader of a peasant revolt in Vietnam from 1833-1835. Although the revolt is often seen as Nùng tribal separatism, historian Nguyễn Phan Quang argues that the revolt had national aspirations." + ] + ], + [ + "Phan Huy Quát", + [ + "Phan Huy Quát (Hà Tĩnh Province, 12 June 1908 – 27 April 1979) served as acting Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam and also as Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Museum of Cham Sculpture", + [ + "The Museum of Cham Sculpture is a museum located in Hải Châu District, Đà Nẵng, central Vietnam, near the Han River." + ] + ], + [ + "South Central Coast", + [ + "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region." + ] + ], + [ + "Đức Huệ District", + [ + "Đức Huệ is a rural district of Long An Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It has a western border with Cambodia; a southwest border with Thạnh Hóa District; an eastern border with Đức Hòa District; and a south and southeast border with Thủ Thừa District and Bến Lức District." + ] + ], + [ + "Khong Island", + [ + "Khong Island or Don Khong is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos." + ] + ], + [ + "Mohammad Zubair Khan", + [ + "Dr. Mohammad Zubair Khan has a doctorate in political economy from Johns Hopkins University. After working briefly for the World Bank, he worked at the International Monetary Fund from 1981 to 1992, assigned to a wide range of countries, including industrial countries in northern Europe and Turkey, developing countries in south Asia, the oil producing countries in the Middle East and countries in the South Pacific region." + ] + ], + [ + "Nguyễn Trường Tộ", + [ + "Nguyễn Trường Tộ (chữ Hán: , ; 1830–1871) was a Roman Catholic scholar and reformer during the reign of Tự Đức of the Nguyễn Dynasty, the last sovereign Emperor of Vietnam under which the French colonial forces colonized the country. Nguyễn Trường Tộ was best known for his advocacy of his modernisation of Vietnam, criticising the rigid Confucianism of the Huế court." + ] + ], + [ + "Paris", + [ + "The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world." + ] + ], + [ + "Kon Ka Kinh National Park", + [ + "Kon Ka Kinh National Park () is a national park of Vietnam, established by the decision (167/2002/QĐ-TTg) on November 25, 2002 of the then Prime Minister, Phan Văn Khải." + ] + ], + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park", + [ + "Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius. Covering 553 hectares, it is the largest regional park in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "Cascade City", + [ + "Cascade City or Cascade was a Canadian Pacific Railway construction era boom town in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. Because of its location near the Canada–United States border, it was also called the \"Gateway to the Boundary Country\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Châu Đức District", + [ + "Châu Đức is a rural district of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province in the Southeast region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 149,707. The district covers an area of 421 km². The district capital lies at Ngãi Giao." + ] + ], + [ + "John Anderson Lodge", + [ + "The John Anderson Lodge is an historic site in Ormond Beach, Florida, United States, built for Ormond Beach promoter John Anderson (1853–1911). It is located at 71 Orchard Lane. On September 6, 1989, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places." + ] + ], + [ + "Muang Kham, Chiang Rai", + [ + "Muang Kham () is a village and \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Phan District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8837 people. The \"tambon\" contains 17 villages." + ] + ], + [ + "Tourism in Nepal", + [ + "Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world, is located in Nepal. Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important attractions for visitors. The world heritage site Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which despite the name is located in the centre of the country) and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country. The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country. Tourism brings $471 ma year to Nepal." + ] + ], + [ + "John Phan", + [ + "Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships." + ] + ], + [ + "Dići", + [ + "Dići is a village situated in Ljig municipality in Serbia. The medieval church dedicated to St. John is located in the village. It was the burial place of 14th-century nobleman Vlgdrag." + ] + ], + [ + "John Deere World Headquarters", + [ + "The John Deere World Headquarters is a complex of four buildings located on 1,400 acres (5.7 km²) of land at One John Deere Place, Moline, Illinois, United States. The complex serves as corporate headquarters for John Deere." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__547045_131879", + "question": "What body of water is by the headquarters location of Wipac?", + "answer": "River Great Ouse", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Wipac", + 0 + ], + [ + "Buckingham", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Lake Helena", + [ + "Lake Helena is a body of water along Prickly Pear Creek in the Helena Valley of Lewis and Clark County in southwestern Montana. It is in size and is above sea level." + ] + ], + [ + "Tamil Nadu State Election Commission", + [ + "Tamil Nadu State Election Commission தமிழ்நாடு மாநில தேர்தல் ஆணையம் Agency overview Formed 15 July 1994 Jurisdiction Tamil Nadu Local Bodies Headquarters Chennai Minister responsible Thiru S.P. Velumani, Minister for Municipal Administration, Rural Development, Panchayats and Panchayat Unions, Poverty Alleviation Programmes, Rural Indebtedness, Urban and Rural Water Supply, Implementation of Special Programme Agency executives Mr. Malik Feroz Khan, I.A.S, (R), Tamil Nadu State Election Commissioner T.S. Rajasekar, I.A.S.,, Secretary Website (1)" + ] + ], + [ + "Contoocook Lake", + [ + "Contoocook Lake () is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire." + ] + ], + [ + "Wipac", + [ + "Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees." + ] + ], + [ + "Lake District", + [ + "The Lake District is located entirely within the county of Cumbria. All the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (914 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, Wast Water and Windermere." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Snooker Association", + [ + "The United States Snooker Association (USSA) is the internationally recognized governing body of the sport of snooker in the United States, with its current headquarters registered in Berkeley, California." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham", + [ + "Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here." + ] + ], + [ + "Potamogeton amplifolius", + [ + "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water." + ] + ], + [ + "Walker Pond", + [ + "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park." + ] + ], + [ + "Wapizagonke Lake", + [ + "The Wapizagonke Lake is one of the bodies of water located the sector \"Lac-Wapizagonke\", in the city of Shawinigan, in the La Mauricie National Park, in the region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada." + ] + ], + [ + "Splash Kingdom Waterpark", + [ + "Splash Kingdom Waterpark (formerly known as Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom) is an Egyptian-beach themed water park, trampoline park, and concert venue located in Redlands, California, United States. Splash Kingdom is the largest water park in the Inland Empire. The park is known for having the world's tallest enclosed body-flume waterslide, and the world's tallest free-standing water slide tower. Splash Kingdom also has a Fun Park which includes three race cart tracks, bumper boats, and mini golf. The park also boasts a concert amphitheater, sports bar, and arcade." + ] + ], + [ + "Valdes Peninsula", + [ + "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals." + ] + ], + [ + "Sea of Sardinia", + [ + "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia." + ] + ], + [ + "Seattle", + [ + "Seattle remained the corporate headquarters of Boeing until 2001, when the company separated its headquarters from its major production facilities; the headquarters were moved to Chicago. The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787). The company's credit union for employees, BECU, remains based in the Seattle area, though it is now open to all residents of Washington." + ] + ], + [ + "Plankton", + [ + "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Lake (Harrisville, New Hampshire)", + [ + "Silver Lake is a water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Harrisville and Nelson. Water from Silver Lake flows via Minnewawa Brook and The Branch to the Ashuelot River, a tributary of the Connecticut River." + ] + ], + [ + "Dead Horse Bay", + [ + "Dead Horse Bay is a small water body off Barren Island, between the Gerritsen Inlet and Rockaway Inlet in the New York City borough of Brooklyn." + ] + ], + [ + "Powwow Pond", + [ + "Powwow Pond is a water body in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire, United States. The outlet of the pond is located in the town of East Kingston, but most of the lake lies in the town of Kingston. The Powwow River, the outlet of the pond, flows to the Merrimack River in Amesbury, Massachusetts." + ] + ], + [ + "Silver Lake (Madison, New Hampshire)", + [ + "Silver Lake is a water body located in Carroll County in eastern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Madison. The village of Silver Lake within Madison lies at the north end of the lake. Water from Silver Lake flows via the West Branch, through the Ossipee Pine Barrens to Ossipee Lake and ultimately to the Saco River in Maine." + ] + ], + [ + "Gir National Park", + [ + "Among the smaller mammals, porcupine and hare are common, but the pangolin is rare. The reptiles are represented by the mugger crocodile, tortoise and monitor lizard which inhabit the sanctuary's bodies of water. Snakes are found in the bush and forest. Pythons are sighted at times along the stream banks. Gir has been used by the Gujarat State Forest Department which formed the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project in 1977 and released close to 1000 marsh crocodiles into Lake Kamaleshwar and other small bodies of water in and around Gir." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__109196_720914_41132", + "question": "How many times did plague occur in the place of death of the creator of the Malchiostro Annunciation?", + "answer": "22", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Black Death", + 0 + ], + [ + "Malchiostro Annunciation", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations. In 1984 zoologist Graham Twigg produced the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death have been taken up by a number of authors, including Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herlihy (1997), and Susan Scott and Christopher Duncan (2001)." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Europe", + [ + "The Late Middle Ages spanned the 14th and early 15th centuries. Around 1300, centuries of European prosperity and growth came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, such as the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, killed people in a matter of days, reducing the population of some areas by half as many survivors fled. Kishlansky reports:" + ] + ], + [ + "2010 Elazığ earthquake", + [ + "The 2010 Elazığ earthquake was a 6.1 M earthquake that occurred on 8 March 2010 at 02:32 UTC (04:32 local time). The epicentre was Başyurt in Elazığ Province, in eastern Turkey. Initial reports in global media said as many as 57 people had died. By 10 March, reports in the Turkish media placed the death toll at 41 and later, the death toll rose to 42. Another 74 were injured, many after falling and jumping from buildings. A stampede through the streets led to further injuries." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "In addition to arguing that the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic, sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out that the symptoms of the Black Death are not unique (and arguably in some accounts may differ from bubonic plague); that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance; and that the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere, despite extensive samples from other mass graves. Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\". He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history." + ] + ], + [ + "Acral necrosis", + [ + "Acral necrosis is a symptom common in bubonic plague. The striking black discoloration of skin and tissue, primarily on the extremities (``acral ''), is commonly thought to have given rise to the name`` Black Death,'' associated both with the disease and the pandemic which occurred in the 14th century. The term in fact came from the figural sense of ``black '', that is ghastly, lugubrious or dreadful." + ] + ], + [ + "2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede", + [ + "The 2013 Houphouët-Boigny stampede occurred as crowds departed a New Year's Eve fireworks display in the early hours of 1 January 2013 near the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It resulted in 61 deaths and over 200 injuries, mostly women and children. This was the second time in four years that a fatal stampede occurred at the stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "Peter Strudel", + [ + "In 1726, however, a re-establishment took place through Jakob van Schuppen as \"K.k. Hofacademie of the painters, sculptor and architecture\", which still exists. Peter Strudel is considered as a founder of the oldest art academy of central Europe, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. One year before the death of Strudel, the \"Strudelhof\" included a plague house, where those afflicted by the epidemic were treated and quarantined." + ] + ], + [ + "Middle Ages", + [ + "The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. The bacterium Yersinia pestis, which results in several forms of plague, is believed to have been the cause. The plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death in England", + [ + "The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the Second Pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term ``Black Death ''was not used until the late 17th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation", + [ + "The Bartolini Salimbeni Annunciation (Italian: \"Annunciazione Bartolini Salimbeni\") is a painting by the Italian Gothic painter Lorenzo Monaco, completed just before his death (1420–1424) and housed in the Bartolini Salimbeni Chapel of the church of Santa Trinita, Florence, Italy." + ] + ], + [ + "Malchiostro Annunciation", + [ + "Malchiostro Annunciation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Titian, completed around 1520, and housed in the Cathedral of Treviso, northern Italy." + ] + ], + [ + "Triptych of the Annunciation", + [ + "Triptych of the Annunciation is a 1483 triptych by the Flemish artist known only as the Master of the Legend of Saint Ursula, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the Annunciation on the central panel, while the surrounding panels and the outside of the wings are covered in various pairs of male saints." + ] + ], + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", + [ + "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial." + ] + ], + [ + "Christian Ackermann", + [ + "Christian Ackermann was born in Königsberg. He worked in Riga, Stockholm, and Gdańsk, before becoming active in Tallinn from about 1672 until his death in 1710. In 1675, Ackermann moved to Tallinn and acquired his own workshop. He probably died either in 1710 or a short time later from plague." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343. From there, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 -- 60% of Europe's total population. In total, the plague may have reduced the world population from an estimated 450 million down to 350 -- 375 million in the 14th century. The world population as a whole did not recover to pre-plague levels until the 17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "It is recognised that an epidemiological account of the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms, but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period. Most work has been done on the spread of the plague in England, and even estimates of overall population at the start vary by over 100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__29339_40482", + "question": "Who did the Huguenots in the state primary Edwards won outside of Georgia buy land from?", + "answer": "Edmund Bellinger", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + 0 + ], + [ + "Huguenots", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election", + [ + "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, concurrently with other statewide and local elections to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018, and a primary runoff was held on July 24, 2018, between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democratic nominee is Stacey Abrams, the Republican nominee is Brian Kemp, and the Libertarian nominee is Ted Metz." + ] + ], + [ + "Headquarters of the United Nations", + [ + "The headquarters of the United Nations occupies a site beside the East River, on between 17 and 18 acres (6.9 and 7.3 ha) of land purchased from the real estate developer William Zeckendorf Sr. At the time, the site was part of Turtle Bay, which was filled with slaughterhouses and tenement buildings. By the 1910s, there was also a pencil factory and a gas company building in Turtle Bay, on the site of the current UN headquarters. The development of Sutton Place and Beekman Place, north of the current UN site, came in the 1920s. A yacht club on the site was proposed in 1925, but it proved to be too expensive.In 1946, Zeckendorf purchased the land with the intention to create an \"X City\" on the site. This complex was to contain an office building and a hotel, each 57 stories tall, and an entertainment complex between them. The X City would have also had smaller apartment and office towers. However, the $8.5 million ($72 million in 2018) for X City never materialized, and Nelson Rockefeller purchased an option for Zeckendorf's waterfront land in Turtle Bay. The purchase was funded by Nelson's father, John D. Rockefeller Jr.. The Rockefeller family owned the Tudor City Apartments across First Avenue from the Zeckendorf site. The city, in turn, spent $5 million ($43 million in 2018) on clearing the land." + ] + ], + [ + "Jared Irwin", + [ + "Jared Irwin (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected Governor of Georgia (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the Yazoo land scandal. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the United States Supreme Court's hearing the case \"Fletcher v. Peck\" (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the land contracts, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to nullify valid contracts." + ] + ], + [ + "Alabama–Georgia football rivalry", + [ + "Alabama -- Georgia football rivalry Alabama Crimson Tide Georgia Bulldogs First meeting November 2, 1895 Georgia 30, Alabama 6 Latest meeting January 8, 2018 Alabama 26, Georgia 23 Statistics Meetings total 68 All - time series Alabama leads, 39 -- 25 -- 4 Largest victory Alabama, 36 -- 0 (1905, 1923) Longest win streak Alabama, 5 (1922 -- 26, 1949 -- 53, 1960 -- 64) Georgia, 5 (1910 -- 16) Current win streak Alabama, 4 (2008 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "Florida–Georgia football rivalry", + [ + "Florida -- Georgia football rivalry Florida Gators Georgia Bulldogs Sport Football First meeting November 6, 1915 (per Florida) October 15, 1904 (per Georgia) Georgia 37, Florida 0 (per Florida) Georgia 52, Florida 0 (per Georgia) Latest meeting October 28, 2017 Georgia 42, Florida 7 Next meeting October 27, 2018 Stadiums EverBank Field Statistics Meetings total 95 (per Florida) 96 (per Georgia) All - time series Georgia leads 50 -- 43 -- 2 (per Florida) Georgia leads 51 -- 43 -- 2 (per Georgia) Largest victory Georgia, 75 -- 0 (1942) Longest win streak Florida, 7 (1990 -- 1996) Georgia, 7 (1941 -- 1948) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2017 -- present)" + ] + ], + [ + "Charlie Bethel", + [ + "Charlie Bethel graduated cum laude in 1998 from the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business with a Bachelor of Business Administration in business management. He stayed with the University of Georgia, graduating with a Juris Doctor from the University of Georgia School of Law in 2001. Bethel was admitted to the State Bar of Georgia in 2001 and practiced law from 2003–2005. He is admitted to practice law in all of Georgia's state courts, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, and the Supreme Court of the United States. Bethel was an assistant solicitor for the city of Dalton from 2003–2004." + ] + ], + [ + "Hunting", + [ + "Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans." + ] + ], + [ + "Huguenots", + [ + "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School." + ] + ], + [ + "2004 United States presidential election", + [ + "The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election", + [ + "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams." + ] + ], + [ + "Edward Mooney House", + [ + "The Edward Mooney House located at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City was built between 1785 and 1789 for wealthy butcher Edward Mooney on land he purchased after it was confiscated from British Loyalist James De Lancey." + ] + ], + [ + "Medical College of Georgia", + [ + "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published." + ] + ], + [ + "Grand Tower Island", + [ + "Grand Tower Island is a river island in the Mississippi River in the midwestern United States, within the state of Missouri on its border with the state of Illinois. Formed within recorded history by the movement of the river, it consists of a bulge-shaped piece of land between the river's primary channel and an oxbow lake. Land on the island is generally valuable for farming, especially when protected from flooding, while the lake has developed a reputation as a valuable sport-fishing location." + ] + ], + [ + "Panama Canal Zone", + [ + "On February 26, 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the canal. From 1903 to 1979 the territory was controlled by the United States, which had purchased the land from the private and public owners, built the canal and financed its construction. The Canal Zone was abolished on October 1, 1979, as a term of the Torrijos -- Carter Treaties of 1977; the canal itself was under joint U.S. -- Panamanian control from 1979 until it was fully turned over to Panama on December 31, 1999." + ] + ], + [ + "1788–89 United States presidential election", + [ + "Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral vote Count Percentage George Washington Non Partisan Virginia 43,782 100.0% 69 John Adams Federalist Massachusetts -- -- 34 John Jay Federalist New York -- -- 9 Robert H. Harrison Federalist Maryland -- -- 6 John Rutledge Federalist South Carolina -- -- 6 John Hancock Federalist Massachusetts -- -- George Clinton Anti Federalist New York -- -- Samuel Huntington Federalist Connecticut -- -- John Milton Federalist Georgia -- -- James Armstrong Federalist Georgia -- -- Benjamin Lincoln Federalist Massachusetts -- -- Edward Telfair Anti Federalist Georgia -- -- Total 43,782 100.0% 138 Needed to win 35" + ] + ], + [ + "Huguenots", + [ + "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick." + ] + ], + [ + "Georgia State University Library", + [ + "The Georgia State University Library is an academic research library affiliated with Georgia State University. The Georgia State University Library has two primary locations, Library North and Library South. In addition to hundreds of thousands of pieces of print media, the library also has online databases for electronic articles, as well as an electronic catalog for looking up media within the library’s many floors. The media found in the library includes novels, journals, newspapers, government documents, archives, DVDs, CDs, video tapes, audio cassette tapes, and periodicals. The University Library is located in the middle of Georgia State's main campus near Gilmer St. and Courtland St." + ] + ], + [ + "John Kerry", + [ + "In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a \"ridiculous waste of time.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Huguenots", + [ + "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__473563_309800_355213_203322", + "question": "Which county shares border with the county having the birth city of the director of Let the Good Times Roll?", + "answer": "Cabarrus County", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Gold Hill, North Carolina", + 0 + ], + [ + "Let the Good Times Roll (film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Cleveland, North Carolina", + 0 + ], + [ + "Robert Abel (animator)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Border Security Force", + [ + "The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border defence organisation of India. It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of the Union of India, it was raised in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965, ``for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected there with ''. It is a Central Armed Police Force charged with guarding India's land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs. The BSF has its own cadre of officers but its head, designated as a Director - General (DG), since its raising has been an officer from the Indian Police Service. It is an Armed Force of the Union of India tasked with various assignments from time to time. The BSF has grown exponentially from a few battalions in 1965, to 186 battalions with a sanctioned strength of 257,363 personnel including an expanding air wing, marine wing, artillery regiments, and commando units. It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force. BSF has been termed as the First Line of Defence of Indian Territories." + ] + ], + [ + "Gmina Włodawa", + [ + "Gmina Włodawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus and Ukraine. Its seat is the town of Włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Gold Hill, North Carolina", + [ + "Gold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century." + ] + ], + [ + "British nationality law", + [ + "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption" + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Pakistan", + [ + "Pakistan is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and Iran to the southwest while China borders the country in the northeast. The nation is geopolitically placed within some of the most controversial regional boundaries which share disputes and have many - a-times escalated military tensions between the nations, e.g., that of Kashmir with India and the Durand Line with Afghanistan. Its western borders include the Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass that have served as traditional migration routes between Central Eurasia and South Asia." + ] + ], + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank", + [ + "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group." + ] + ], + [ + "Border Security Force", + [ + "The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border guarding force of India. It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of the Union of India, it was raised in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965, ``for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected there with ''. It is a Central Armed Police Force charged with guarding India's land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs. The BSF has its own cadre of officers but its head, designated as a Director - General (DG), since its raising has been an officer from the Indian Police Service. It is an Armed Force of the Union of India tasked with various assignments from time to time. The BSF has grown exponentially from a few battalions in 1965, to 186 battalions with a sanctioned strength of 257,363 personnel including an expanding air wing, marine wing, artillery regiments, and commando units. It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force. BSF has been termed as the First Line of Defence of Indian Territories." + ] + ], + [ + "Let the Good Times Roll (film)", + [ + "Let the Good Times Roll is a 1973 rockumentary / concert film directed by Robert Abel and Sidney Levin. It features numerous stars from the American pop and rock music scene of the 1950s." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland, North Carolina", + [ + "Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Birth certificate", + [ + "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory." + ] + ], + [ + "Adaba (woreda)", + [ + "Adaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia; it shares the name of its administrative center, Adaba. Part of the West Arsi Zone, Adaba is bordered on the southwest by Nensebo, on the west by Dodola, on the northwest by the Shabelle River which separates it from the Gedeb Asasa, and on the east and south by Bale Zone." + ] + ], + [ + "Mount Bosworth", + [ + "Mount Bosworth is located in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia. The mountain is situated immediately northwest of Kicking Horse Pass and straddles the shared border of Banff National Park with Yoho National Park. It was named in 1903 after George Morris Bosworth, an executive and long-time employee of the Canadian Pacific Railway." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of the United States", + [ + "The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Alaska borders the Pacific Ocean to the south, the Bering Strait to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, while Hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the Pacific Ocean." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Abel (animator)", + [ + "Born in Cleveland, he received degrees in Design and Film from UCLA. He began his work in computer graphics in the 1950s, as an apprentice to John Whitney." + ] + ], + [ + "Canada–United States border", + [ + "The Canada -- United States border (French: Frontière entre le Canada et les États - Unis), officially known as the International Boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538 mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border." + ] + ], + [ + "Krasnovishersky District", + [ + "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population." + ] + ], + [ + "You Can't Always Get What You Want", + [ + "``You Ca n't Always Get What You Want ''is a song by the Rolling Stones on their 1969 album Let It Bleed. Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, it was named as the 100th greatest song of all time by Rolling Stone magazine in its 2004 list of the`` 500 Greatest Songs of All Time''." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__92991_73181_68042", + "question": "When did the majority party in the body which determines rules of the US House and US Senate gain control of the House?", + "answer": "the 2010 election", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Standing Rules of the United States Senate", + 0 + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + 0 + ], + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "2014 United States Senate elections", + [ + "The Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:" + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues." + ] + ], + [ + "Political party", + [ + "At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace \"ad hoc\" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate. The Constitution also calls for a President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate (the Vice President) is absent. In practice, neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore -- customarily the most senior (longest - serving) Senator in the majority party -- actually presides over the Senate on a daily basis; that task is given to junior Senators of the majority party. Since the Vice President may be of a different party than the majority and is not a member subject to discipline, the rules of procedure of the Senate give the presiding officer very little power and none beyond the presiding role. For these reasons, it is the Majority Leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives where the elected Speaker of the House has a great deal of discretionary power and generally presides over votes on bills." + ] + ], + [ + "Montana", + [ + "However, at the state level, the pattern of split ticket voting and divided government holds. Democrats currently hold one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, as well as four of the five statewide offices (Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Secretary of State and State Auditor). The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's Senate seats for the GOP. The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control. The state Senate is, as of 2015, controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether his or her party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House rule book. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resources—beyond those accorded him or her as a Representative—to assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities." + ] + ], + [ + "National Assembly of Pakistan", + [ + "The National Assembly of Pakistan (Urdu: قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان ‬ ‎) is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis - e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 137 seats to obtain and preserve a majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution. The Speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House of Representatives, and is simultaneously the House's presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Neither does the Speaker regularly participate in floor debates nor vote." + ] + ], + [ + "Slavs", + [ + "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Majority leader", + [ + "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen." + ] + ], + [ + "Democratic Party of Oregon", + [ + "The Democratic Party of Oregon, based in Portland, is the official Oregon affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. It is recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party, along with the Oregon Republican Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. After Oregon was admitted into the Union in 1859, the Democratic party controlled the state. Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections for governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and congressmen. The party holds 38 members in the State House that has 60 representatives total, and 18 members in the State Senate, out of 30 delegates total. The party also holds the Governor's office (Kate Brown), Attorney General (Ellen Rosenblum), Labor Commissioner (Val Hoyle), and State Treasurer (Tobias Read). The Democrats also have both U.S senate positions in their state and send four of the five U.S House representatives from Oregon to D.C." + ] + ], + [ + "Standing Rules of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Dwight D. Eisenhower", + [ + "The Democrats gained a majority in both houses in the 1954 election. Eisenhower had to work with the Democratic Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (later U.S. president) in the Senate and Speaker Sam Rayburn in the House, both from Texas. Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1955, wrote that Eisenhower \"never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill. There were exceptions, Leonard W. Hall, for example, who as chairman of the Republican National Committee tried to open the administration's eyes to the political facts of life, with occasional success. However, these exceptions were not enough to right the balance.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "114th United States Congress", + [ + "The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives", + [ + "Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions during this period were Charles A. Halleck who became Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 1959 to 1965, Hale Boggs who died in a plane crash, and Dick Gephardt who became the Democrats' House leader but as Minority Leader since his party lost control in the 1994 midterm elections. Since 1995, the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner, though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections. He subsequently served as Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011 and then was elected Speaker when the House reconvened in 2011. In 1998, with Speaker Newt Gingrich announcing his resignation, both Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay did not contest the Speakership which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip Dennis Hastert." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Senate is currently composed of 51 Republicans, 47 Democrats, and 2 independents, both of whom caucus with the Democrats." + ] + ], + [ + "Party leaders of the United States Senate", + [ + "The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference." + ] + ], + [ + "National Assembly of Pakistan", + [ + "The Pakistani National Assembly (Urdu: قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان ‬ ‎ -- Qaumī Asimbli'e Pākistān); is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis - e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 332 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Tammany Hall", + [ + "Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society. It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. It typically controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 and used its patronage resources to build a loyal, well - rewarded core of district and precinct leaders; after 1850 the great majority were Irish Catholics." + ] + ], + [ + "2010 United States House of Representatives elections", + [ + "Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__857_846_7794", + "question": "In 2010, what was the population of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed?", + "answer": "8.005 million", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + 0 + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:" + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor (r. 1398–1402), the Yongle Emperor was aided by the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao, and like his father, the Hongwu Emperor, the Yongle Emperor was \"well-disposed towards Buddhism\", claims Rossabi. On March 10, 1403, the Yongle Emperor invited Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama (1384–1415), to his court, even though the fourth Karmapa had rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor. A Tibetan translation in the 16th century preserves the letter of the Yongle Emperor, which the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa. The letter of invitation reads," + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Throughout the following month, the Yongle Emperor and his court showered the Karmapa with presents. At Linggu Temple in Nanjing, he presided over the religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents, while twenty-two days of his stay were marked by religious miracles that were recorded in five languages on a gigantic scroll that bore the Emperor's seal. During his stay in Nanjing, Deshin Shekpa was bestowed the title \"Great Treasure Prince of Dharma\" by the Yongle Emperor. Elliot Sperling asserts that the Yongle Emperor, in bestowing Deshin Shekpa with the title of \"King\" and praising his mystical abilities and miracles, was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa as the Mongols had with the Sakya lamas, but Deshin Shekpa rejected the Yongle Emperor's offer. In fact, this was the same title that Kublai Khan had offered the Sakya Phagpa lama, but Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor to grant the title to religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang \"was under control,\" and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title \"Initiation State Master\" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira." + ] + ], + [ + "Nanjing", + [ + "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407." + ] + ], + [ + "State church of the Roman Empire", + [ + "Nicene Christianity became the state church of the Roman Empire with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 AD, when Emperor Theodosius I made it the Empire's sole authorized religion. The Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Catholic Church each claim to be the historical continuation of this church in its original form, but do not identify with it in the caesaropapist form that it took later. Unlike Constantine I, who with the Edict of Milan of 313 AD had established tolerance for Christianity without placing it above other religions and whose involvement in matters of the Christian faith extended to convoking councils of bishops who were to determine doctrine and to presiding at their meetings, but not to determining doctrine himself, Theodosius established a single Christian doctrine (specified as that professed by Pope Damasus I of Rome and Pope Peter II of Alexandria) as the Empire's official religion." + ] + ], + [ + "Religion in ancient Rome", + [ + "In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to \"ancestral gods\" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a politically and socially fractured Empire and its multitude of cults; no ancestral gods were specified by name. The fulfillment of sacrificial obligation by loyal subjects would define them and their gods as Roman. Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment. A year after its due deadline, the edict expired." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:" + ] + ], + [ + "Qing dynasty", + [ + "On 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and economic systems combined with a widespread criticism of Chinese culture led to questioning and doubt about the future. In the 1930s, the Empire of Japan invaded Northeast China and founded Manchukuo in 1932, with Puyi, as the emperor. After the invasion by the Soviet Union, Manchukuo collapsed in 1945." + ] + ], + [ + "Linndale, Ohio", + [ + "Linndale is the smallest village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is landlocked, surrounded by the cities of Cleveland and Brooklyn. According to the 2010 census, the village achieved the second highest growth rate in Cuyahoga County: 53% as the population increased from 117 to 179, although the last house was built in 1968 and there are only 37 residential addresses." + ] + ], + [ + "Heresy", + [ + "Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the \"Edict of Milan\", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority." + ] + ], + [ + "Bloomingdale, Florida", + [ + "Bloomingdale is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The population was 22,711 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Codes serving the community are 33511 (which is addressed to Brandon) and 33596 (which is addressed to Valrico)." + ] + ], + [ + "Samurai", + [ + "Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the Tang dynasty political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. As part of the Taihō Code, of 702 AD, and the later Yōrō Code, the population was required to report regularly for census, a precursor for national conscription. With an understanding of how the population was distributed, Emperor Mommu introduced a law whereby 1 in 3–4 adult males was drafted into the national military. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in return were exempted from duties and taxes. This was one of the first attempts by the Imperial government to form an organized army modeled after the Chinese system. It was called \"Gundan-Sei\" (軍団制) by later historians and is believed to have been short-lived.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Athanasius of Alexandria", + [ + "With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty. To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years, an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate, on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency. The edict was communicated to the bishop by Pythicodorus Trico, who, though described in the \"Chronicon Athanasianum\" (XXXV) as a \"philosopher\", seems to have behaved with brutal insolence. On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Shih-Shan Henry Tsai writes that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413 to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes, while the Yongle Emperor paid a small fortune in return gifts for tributes in order to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet. However, Van Praag states that Tibetan rulers upheld their own separate relations with the kingdoms of Nepal and Kashmir, and at times \"engaged in armed confrontation with them.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts." + ] + ], + [ + "Qing dynasty", + [ + "In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and appoint new officials. Opposition from the bureaucracy was immediate and intense. Although she had been involved in the initial reforms, the empress dowager stepped in to call them off, arrested and executed several reformers, and took over day-to-day control of policy. Yet many of the plans stayed in place, and the goals of reform were implanted." + ] + ], + [ + "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", + [ + "Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__580458_139390", + "question": "What was the cast member of The Bad Man nominated for?", + "answer": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "The Bad Man (1930 film)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Walter Huston", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Bad Day at Black Rock", + [ + "Bad Day at Black Rock is a 1955 American thriller film, directed by John Sturges and starring Spencer Tracy and Robert Ryan, that combines elements of the western genre with that of film noir. The supporting cast includes Anne Francis, Dean Jagger, Walter Brennan, Lee Marvin, and Ernest Borgnine." + ] + ], + [ + "Eswatini", + [ + "Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho). The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten." + ] + ], + [ + "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi", + [ + "On January 14, 2015, John Krasinski was cast in the film, to play one of the lead roles, a former US Navy SEAL. On February 3, Pablo Schreiber also signed on to star in the film, playing Kris \"Tanto\" Paronto, one of the six-man security team. On February 6, James Badge Dale was set to star, as the leader of the security team. Max Martini was cast as another member of the security team on February 17, 2015. David Denman signed on to star in the film on March 3, 2015, playing Boon, an elite sniper. On March 5, 2015, THR reported that Dominic Fumusa also signed on, to play John \"Tig\" Tiegen, one of the members of the security team, who is also a former Marine with weapons expertise. Freddie Stroma was added to the cast on March 17, 2015 to play the role of an undercover CIA officer in Libya. On May 7, 2015, Toby Stephens was set to play Glen \"Bub\" Doherty, another of the security team members." + ] + ], + [ + "West of Shanghai", + [ + "West of Shanghai is a 1937 American adventure film directed by John Farrow and starring Boris Karloff as a Chinese warlord. Other films based on the same play included \"The Bad Man\" directed by Edwin Carewe and starring Holbrook Blinn, and a 1930 film of the \"same title\" directed by Clarence Badger and starring Walter Huston. In 1941, M-G-M made a version entitled \"The Bad Man\", starring Wallace Beery and Ronald Reagan and directed by Richard Thorpe." + ] + ], + [ + "Cristina Yang", + [ + "Oh originally auditioned for the role of Miranda Bailey, although Chandra Wilson was ultimately cast in the part. Oh has received generally positive reviews for her portrayal, with Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considering her friendship with Meredith to be ``the secret core of Grey's ''. Oh has also garnered numerous awards and nominations for her role as Yang, including Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award wins in 2006. She was additionally nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series each year, from 2005 to 2009. Characterizing the character, ABC noted her competitiveness, ambition, and intelligence as her main traits, while her aggressive, and tactless attitude was highlighted as her main weakness. In May 2012, E! Online reported that Oh had signed on for two more years, along with her fellow cast members. Oh left the show after season 10, and her character Cristina Yang was written out of the storyline as a main cast member." + ] + ], + [ + "Basketball Wives LA", + [ + "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love." + ] + ], + [ + "Christopher Masterson", + [ + "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson." + ] + ], + [ + "Dark Side of the Spoon", + [ + "Dark Side of the Spoon is the seventh studio album by American industrial metal band Ministry, released on June 8, 1999 by Warner Bros. Records. \"Bad Blood\" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Man in the Mirror", + [ + "``Man in the Mirror ''is a song recorded by Michael Jackson, written by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It peaked at number 1 in the United States when released in January 1988 as the fourth single from his seventh solo album, Bad (1987). It was nominated for Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards." + ] + ], + [ + "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", + [ + "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season." + ] + ], + [ + "The Bad Man (1930 film)", + [ + "The Bad Man is a 1930 American Pre-Code Western film starring Walter Huston which was produced and released by First National Pictures, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. The movie is based on Porter Emerson Browne's 1920 play of the same name and is a sound remake of the 1923 silent version of the same name. The film stars Walter Huston, Dorothy Revier, Sidney Blackmer and James Rennie." + ] + ], + [ + "Gujarat Legislative Assembly", + [ + "Gujarat Legislative Assembly or Gujarat Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from the single - seat constituencies and one member is nominated. It has term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes." + ] + ], + [ + "She's a Bad Mama Jama (She's Built, She's Stacked)", + [ + "``She's a Bad Mama Jama (She's Built, She's Stacked) ''is a single by Carl Carlton. The song was written by Leon Haywood and became a major R&B hit, earning Carlton a Grammy Award nomination for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male in 1982." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Shannon", + [ + "Shannon made his film debut in 1993 with Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile (2002). He is known for his on-screen versatility, performing in both comedies and dramas. His performances include Pearl Harbor (2001), Bad Boys II (2003), Bug (2006), Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2007), The Iceman (2012), Man of Steel (2013), and The Shape of Water (2017). Shannon is a frequent collaborator of Jeff Nichols, appearing in all of his films: Shotgun Stories (2007), Take Shelter (2011), Mud (2012), Midnight Special, and Loving (both 2016). He is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014), for which he was nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards." + ] + ], + [ + "Walter Huston", + [ + "Huston played Howard in \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\" (1948), directed by his son, John Huston. The film was based on B. Traven's novel, which told the story of three gold diggers in 1920s post-revolution Mexico. Walter Huston won the Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, while John Huston won the Best Director Academy Award, thus making them the first father and son to win at the same ceremony. His last film was the western \"The Furies\" (1950) with Barbara Stanwyck, where his final lines are \"there will never be another one like me\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Corey Stoll", + [ + "Corey Daniel Stoll (born March 14, 1976) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Dr. Ephraim Goodweather on the American television horror / suspense series The Strain on the FX network, as well as Congressman Peter Russo in House of Cards, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination in 2013. He was a regular cast member on the NBC drama series Law & Order: LA (2010 -- 2011), and portrayed the villain Darren Cross in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Ant - Man (2015). Other notable roles include a 2004 Off - Broadway performance of Intimate Apparel, portraying Ernest Hemingway in the 2011 romantic comedy film Midnight in Paris and bulldog prosecutor Fred Wyshak in Black Mass." + ] + ], + [ + "Heather Morgan", + [ + "Heather Morgan is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member and writer on \"The Dana Carvey Show\", writing and performing such notable skits as Jenny and First Ladies as Dogs, the latter being called \"one of the two or three funniest things on the show\" by writer and producer Robert Smigel. Morgan wrote, produced and starred in the movie \"Bark!\" which was nominated for a Grand Jury Prize at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival. She is an alum of The Groundlings." + ] + ], + [ + "Gendry", + [ + "Gendry is portrayed by English actor Joe Dempsie in the HBO television adaptation. He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2014." + ] + ], + [ + "Flash Thompson", + [ + "Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, Flash Thompson first appeared in \"Amazing Fantasy\" #15 (August 1962), the same issue Spider-Man first appeared in. He was a regular character in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" series for its first four years, leaving the cast in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #47 (April 1967) to serve in the Vietnam War. Though he reappeared in the comic a few times while on leave, he did not return to the regular cast until issue #105 (February 1972)." + ] + ], + [ + "Stumbling Man", + [ + "Stumbling Man is an outdoor sculpture by American artist David K. Rubins (1902–1985) located on the grounds of the Indianapolis Museum of Art (IMA), which is near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The sculpture is cast bronze and is in the shape of a man crouched upon the ground." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__57638_72467", + "question": "What team picked the highest point average holder in NBA history in the NBA draft?", + "answer": "Seattle SuperSonics", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + 0 + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Jim Farmer", + [ + "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden." + ] + ], + [ + "Kobe Bryant", + [ + "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions." + ] + ], + [ + "Joel Berry II", + [ + "After going undrafted in the 2018 NBA draft, Berry signed with the Los Angeles Lakers summer league team. On July 19, 2018, he signed a rookie scale contract with the Lakers." + ] + ], + [ + "Shandon Anderson", + [ + "Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game." + ] + ], + [ + "Craig Spitzer", + [ + "A 7'0\" center from Tulane University, Spitzer spent one season (1967-68) with the Chicago Bulls of the NBA. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds." + ] + ], + [ + "Dwyane Wade", + [ + "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/ dweɪn / dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the ``Redeem Team '', in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008 -- 09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back - to - back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 11⁄2 seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12 - time NBA All - Star, Wade is Miami's all - time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken." + ] + ], + [ + "Rik Smits", + [ + "Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed \"the Dunking Dutchman\", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)", + [ + "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeryl Sasser", + [ + "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game." + ] + ], + [ + "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", + [ + "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Frank Kudelka", + [ + "Frank Carl Kudelka (June 25, 1925 - May 4, 1993), nicknamed Apples, was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. In his first two years at Saint Mary's College of California, Kudelka averaged 18.1 points per game. Once the shotclock was introduced to college basketball in his junior season, Frank averaged 20.4 points per game. He was the nation's fourth leading scorer. As a senior at Saint Mary's, Frank averaged 16.2 points per game. He was also named an All-American basketball player by the Helms Foundation after his senior season. Frank made his NBA debut in the 1949-50 NBA season for the Chicago Stags. In his first NBA season, Frank averaged 6.7 points and 2.0 assists per game. Frank played four seasons in the NBA with the Stags, Washington Capitols, Boston Celtics, Baltimore Bullets and Philadelphia Warriors. In his NBA career, Frank averaged 7.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen Curry", + [ + "Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 29) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 2 × NBA champion (2015, 2017) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 4 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2017) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey Team 2014 Spain Team" + ] + ], + [ + "Donatas Motiejūnas", + [ + "Donatas Motiejūnas (; born September 20, 1990) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association (NBA). He was drafted 20th overall in the 2011 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves before going on to win the 2012 Polish Basketball League championship with Asseco Prokom Gdynia. After spending four seasons with the Houston Rockets from 2012 to 2016, Motiejūnas joined the New Orleans Pelicans in January 2017." + ] + ], + [ + "Stephen Curry", + [ + "Stephen Curry Curry in 2016 No. 30 -- Golden State Warriors Position Point guard League NBA (1988 - 03 - 14) March 14, 1988 (age 30) Akron, Ohio Nationality American Listed height 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Listed weight 190 lb (86 kg) Career information High school Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina) College Davidson (2006 -- 2009) NBA draft 2009 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7th overall Selected by the Golden State Warriors Playing career 2009 -- present Career history 2009 -- present Golden State Warriors Career highlights and awards 3 × NBA champion (2015, 2017, 2018) 2 × NBA Most Valuable Player (2015, 2016) 5 × NBA All - Star (2014 -- 2018) 2 × All - NBA First Team (2015, 2016) 2 × All - NBA Second Team (2014, 2017) All - NBA Third Team (2018) NBA scoring champion (2016) NBA steals leader (2016) 50 -- 40 -- 90 club (2016) NBA Three - Point Contest champion (2015) NBA Sportsmanship Award (2011) NBA All - Rookie First Team (2010) AP Athlete of the Year (2015) Consensus first - team All - American (2009) Consensus second - team All - American (2008) NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009) 2 × SoCon Player of the Year (2008, 2009) Stats at NBA.com Stats at Basketball-Reference.com Medals (hide) Men's basketball Representing United States FIBA World Cup 2010 Turkey National team 2014 Spain National team" + ] + ], + [ + "Pau Gasol", + [ + "Gasol is a double - double machine, having recorded over 550 double - doubles in his NBA career. On April 2, 2016, he became the 36th player in NBA history to reach the 10,000 - point / 10,000 - rebound mark. While Gasol became the 43rd player in NBA history to reach to the 20,000 - point milestone, he is just the fourth with that many points, 10,000 rebounds, 3,500 assists and 1,500 blocks." + ] + ], + [ + "1950 NBA draft", + [ + "The 1950 NBA draft was the fourth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is the first draft after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was renamed the NBA. The draft was held on April 25, 1950, before the 1950–51 season. In this draft, 12 remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The Chicago Stags participated in the draft but folded prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 12 rounds comprising 121 players selected." + ] + ], + [ + "2007 NBA draft", + [ + "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Eligibility for the NBA draft", + [ + "The NBA draft is an annual event in which the 30 franchises in the National Basketball Association select new players for their teams. Eligibility rules for prospective players have changed several times during the history of the league. No player may sign with the NBA until they are 19 years or older. The rule has produced one - and - done players that play college basketball for one year before declaring for the draft." + ] + ], + [ + "Albert Burditt", + [ + "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__658472_5385", + "question": "How many people work at the school where Gene Ball was educated?", + "answer": "11,900", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Gene Ball", + 0 + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Gene", + [ + "The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA." + ] + ], + [ + "Gene", + [ + "According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20" + ] + ], + [ + "Race (human categorization)", + [ + "Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: \"A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'\". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that \"the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing.\" Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states \"People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Asthma", + [ + "Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found." + ] + ], + [ + "Boston", + [ + "In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events." + ] + ], + [ + "Gene", + [ + "A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life." + ] + ], + [ + "Genome", + [ + "Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome." + ] + ], + [ + "Genome", + [ + "Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes." + ] + ], + [ + "Gene Ball", + [ + "Ball obtained a bachelor's degree from the University of Oklahoma, and attended graduate school at the University of Rochester, completing a master's degree and finishing his doctorate in 1982. While at Rochester, he met Rick Rashid, and together they created Alto Trek, one of the earlier networked multiplayer computer games." + ] + ], + [ + "Oklahoma City", + [ + "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800)." + ] + ], + [ + "Kin-Ball", + [ + "Kin-Ball, is a team sport created in Quebec, Canada in 1986 by Mario Demers, a physical education professor, in which the main distinctive characteristics are the large size of the ball (1.2m (48 inches) in diameter) and that the matches are played among three teams at the same time instead of traditional one-vs-one like the most of the team games. The International Kin-Ball Federation counts 3.8 million participants, primarily from Canada, the U.S., Japan, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Spain, Germany, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Malaysia, China. The newest country is the UK. Kin-Ball UK formed in 2018" + ] + ], + [ + "Asthma", + [ + "Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.Some genetic variants may only cause asthma when they are combined with specific environmental exposures. An example is a specific single nucleotide polymorphism in the CD14 region and exposure to endotoxin (a bacterial product). Endotoxin exposure can come from several environmental sources including tobacco smoke, dogs, and farms. Risk for asthma, then, is determined by both a person's genetics and the level of endotoxin exposure." + ] + ], + [ + "Dragon Ball FighterZ", + [ + "Dragon Ball FighterZ (Japanese: ドラゴンボールファイターズ, Hepburn: Doragon Bōru Faitāzu) is an upcoming 2.5 D fighting game developed by Arc System Works and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, based on the Dragon Ball franchise for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. It is set to be released February 2018." + ] + ], + [ + "Kim Deitch", + [ + "The son of illustrator and animator Gene Deitch, Kim Deitch has sometimes worked with his brothers Simon Deitch and Seth Deitch." + ] + ], + [ + "Symbiosis", + [ + "Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle leads to many changes in the endosymbiont–the foremost being drastic reduction in its genome size. This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination. While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained. That is, a decrease in genome size is due to loss of protein coding genes and not due to lessening of inter-genic regions or open reading frame (ORF) size. Thus, species that are naturally evolving and contain reduced sizes of genes can be accounted for an increased number of noticeable differences between them, thereby leading to changes in their evolutionary rates. As the endosymbiotic bacteria related with these insects are passed on to the offspring strictly via vertical genetic transmission, intracellular bacteria goes through many hurdles during the process, resulting in the decrease in effective population sizes when compared to the free living bacteria. This incapability of the endosymbiotic bacteria to reinstate its wild type phenotype via a recombination process is called as Muller's ratchet phenomenon. Muller's ratchet phenomenon together with less effective population sizes has led to an accretion of deleterious mutations in the non-essential genes of the intracellular bacteria. This could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host." + ] + ], + [ + "Olsen Gang", + [ + "The first thirteen films were directed by Erik Balling, while Tom Hedegaard and Morten Arnfred directed the fourteenth and final \"Olsen Gang\" film. The scripts were written by Balling and Henning Bahs, who also worked as a production designer." + ] + ], + [ + "United States Society for Education through Art", + [ + "The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive." + ] + ], + [ + "Sports equipment", + [ + "In many games, goal posts are at each end of the playing field, there are two vertical posts (or uprights) supporting a horizontal crossbar. In some games, such as football or hockey, the object is to pass the ball or puck between the posts below the crossbar, while in others, such as those based on rugby, the ball must pass over the crossbar instead." + ] + ], + [ + "Charleston, South Carolina", + [ + "The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945." + ] + ], + [ + "Marques Haynes", + [ + "Marques Haynes (March 10, 1926 – May 22, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters, notable for his remarkable ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders. According to the 1988 film \"Harlem Globetrotters: Six Decades of Magic\", Haynes could dribble the ball as many as 348 times a minute." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__17854_17873", + "question": "What happened to Buckingham Palace after the first monarch to reside there left?", + "answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + 0 + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Governor-General of Belize", + [ + "Governor - General of Belize Coat of Arms of Belize Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Sir Colville Young GCMG, MBE since 17 November 1993 Viceroy Style His Excellency Residence Government House, Belize (former) Belize House, Belmopan (since 1984) Appointer Monarch of Belize Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 21 September 1981 First holder Dame Elmira Gordon Website www.belize.gov.bz" + ] + ], + [ + "Sophie, Countess of Wessex", + [ + "While working at Capital Radio, Sophie met Prince Edward, the youngest son of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, for the first time in 1987 when he was dating her friend. She met Prince Edward again at a charity event in 1993, and the two began their relationship soon afterwards. Their engagement was announced on 6 January 1999. Edward proposed to Sophie with an engagement ring featuring a two-carat oval diamond flanked by two heart-shaped gemstones set in 18-carat white gold. The ring was made by Asprey and Garrard (now Garrard & Co) and is worth an estimated £105,000. Sophie, who was reportedly close to the Queen from the beginning of her relationship with Edward, was allowed to use the royal apartments at Buckingham Palace prior to her engagement. The wedding took place on 19 June of the same year at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, a break from the weddings of Edward's older siblings, which were large, formal events at Westminster Abbey or St Paul's Cathedral. On the day of their marriage, Prince Edward was created a hereditary peer as Earl of Wessex with the subsidiary title of Viscount Severn (derived from the Welsh roots of the Countess's family). It is understood that he will be elevated as Duke of Edinburgh when that title reverts to the Crown. The couple spent their honeymoon at Balmoral Castle. Following their union, the Earl and Countess moved to Bagshot Park, their home in Surrey. While their private residence is Bagshot Park, their office and official London residence is based at Buckingham Palace. Due to renovations at Buckingham Palace in 2018, the couple temporarily moved their offices to St James's Palace." + ] + ], + [ + "University of Buckingham", + [ + "The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit, private university in the UK and the oldest of the country's five private universities. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five \"schools\" (or faculties) of study." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of India", + [ + "Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950" + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of India", + [ + "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950" + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774." + ] + ], + [ + "Armistice Day", + [ + "The first Armistice Day was held at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a ``Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic ''during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day events were subsequently held in the grounds of Buckingham Palace on the morning of 11 November 1919. This would set the trend for a day of Remembrance for decades to come." + ] + ], + [ + "St James's Palace", + [ + "George III found St James's increasingly unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and too cramped for his ever - growing family. In 1762 George purchased Buckingham House -- the predecessor to Buckingham Palace -- for his queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz The royal family began to spend the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's being used for only the most formal of occasions; thrice - weekly levées and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the state apartments but neglected the living quarters. Queen Victoria formalised the move in 1837, ending St James's status as the primary residence of the monarch. It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, Prince Albert, in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, Victoria and Albert's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married her husband, Prince Frederick of Prussia." + ] + ], + [ + "King of Saudi Arabia", + [ + "King of Saudi Arabia ملك المملكة العربية السعودية Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace" + ] + ], + [ + "Monarchy of the Netherlands", + [ + "King of the Netherlands Koning der Nederlanden Coat of arms of the Netherlands Incumbent Willem - Alexander since 30 April 2013 Details Style His Majesty Heir apparent Catharina - Amalia, Princess of Orange First monarch William I Formation 16 March 1815 Residence Royal Palace of Amsterdam Noordeinde Palace Huis ten Bosch Website The Royal Website" + ] + ], + [ + "The Sun (United Kingdom)", + [ + "On 9 March 2016, The Sun's front page proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth II was backing \"Brexit\", a common term for a British withdrawal from the European Union. It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union. Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy." + ] + ], + [ + "Governor-General of the Bahamas", + [ + "Governor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Monarch of the Bahamas Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 31 July 1973 First holder Sir Milo Butler Website www.bahamas.gov.bs" + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Chantry Chapel", + [ + "Buckingham Chantry Chapel (also known as the Old Latin School) is a 15th-century chapel and a National Trust property in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway. Few buildings in Buckingham date to before the 18th century, as a large fire destroyed much of the town in 1725. The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, being added to the list by English Heritage on 13 October 1952." + ] + ], + [ + "Out of the Cradle", + [ + "Out of the Cradle is the third solo album by the American singer/songwriter Lindsey Buckingham. Released in 1992, it was Buckingham's first album after his much-publicised departure from Fleetwood Mac in 1987 (though Buckingham rejoined the band in the mid-1990s). The album reached #128 on the US \"Billboard 200\" album chart, #51 on the UK Albums Chart, and #70 on the Canada Albums Chart. In Canada, three singles charted within the Top 60." + ] + ], + [ + "Royal assent", + [ + "The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that \"The King assents to the proposal.\" It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\" A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices." + ] + ], + [ + "Buckingham Palace", + [ + "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as \"The Queen's House\". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837." + ] + ], + [ + "Heroes Are Hard to Find", + [ + "Heroes Are Hard to Find is the ninth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 13 September 1974. This is the last album with Bob Welch, who left at the end of 1974, and was replaced by Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. It was the first Fleetwood Mac studio album properly recorded in the US as well as the first to enter the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. The title track was edited and issued as a single but it failed to chart." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__488744_443779_52195", + "question": "Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Jenggawah is located?", + "answer": "Francisco Guterres", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jenggawah, Jember", + 0 + ], + [ + "East Timor", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", + [ + "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral." + ] + ], + [ + "Johan Ferrier", + [ + "Johan Henri Eliza Ferrier (12 May 1910 – 4 January 2010) was a Surinamese politician who served as the 1st President of Suriname from 25 November 1975 to 13 August 1980. He was that country's last governor before independence, from 1968 to 1975, and first president after it gained independence from the Netherlands." + ] + ], + [ + "Dutch Republic", + [ + "In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II." + ] + ], + [ + "Shark sanctuary", + [ + "In 1991 South Africa became the first country in the world to declare great white sharks a legally protected species." + ] + ], + [ + "Leaders of the Vietnam War", + [ + "He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says ``All men are created equal... ''Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "In 1989, during the \"Singing Revolution\", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independence. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994." + ] + ], + [ + "Estanislau da Silva", + [ + "After Timor Leste achieved independence in 2002, Da Silva was appointed as the country's first Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 10 July 2006, he was sworn in as the First Deputy Prime Minister of Timor Leste. He was sworn in as the acting Prime Minister on 19 May 2007 to replace José Ramos-Horta who had been elected President of the young nation. He left office when Xanana Gusmão was sworn in as Prime Minister on 8 August 2007, following the June 2007 parliamentary election." + ] + ], + [ + "Jenggawah, Jember", + [ + "Jenggawah District is a district in southern Jember Regency, Indonesia which has a small hill in the center of district." + ] + ], + [ + "Namibia", + [ + "The Namibian Constitution adopted in February 1990 incorporated protection for human rights, compensation for state expropriations of private property, an independent judiciary and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly). The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990. Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia watched by Nelson Mandela (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state. Walvis Bay was ceded to Namibia in 1994 upon the end of Apartheid in South Africa.[citation needed]" + ] + ], + [ + "Nigeria", + [ + "The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country." + ] + ], + [ + "The Trouble with the Truth (song)", + [ + "\"The Trouble with the Truth\" is a song written by Gary Nicholson, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in April 1997 as the fifth and final single and title track from her album \"The Trouble with the Truth\"." + ] + ], + [ + "East Timor", + [ + "Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E  /  8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E  / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out." + ] + ], + [ + "The Truth About Men", + [ + "The Truth About Men is the eighth studio album released by American country music artist Tracy Byrd and written by Paul Overstreet, Rory Lee Feek and Tim Johnson. Released in 2003 as his final album for RCA Nashville, it features the singles \"The Truth About Men\", \"Drinkin' Bone\", and \"How'd I Wind Up in Jamaica\". Before its release, Byrd charted in the country top 40 with the single \"Lately (Been Dreamin' 'bout Babies)\", which does not appear on the album." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners", + [ + "Year Recipient Nationality or Base Country Pandurang Shastri Athavale India 2001 Oung Chanthol Cambodia 2001 Dita Indah Sari Indonesia 2002 Sandeep Pandey India 2003 Aniceto Guterres Lopes Timor - Leste Benjamin Abadiano Philippines 2005 Hye - Ran Yoon South Korea 2006 Arvind Kejriwal India 2007 Chen Guangcheng China 2007 Chung To United States in Hong Kong 2008 Ananda Galappatti Sri Lanka 2009 Ka Hsaw Wa Burma 2011 Nileema Mishra India 2012 Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto Indonesia 2014 Randy Halasan Philippines 2015 Sanjiv Chaturvedi India 2016 Thodur Madabusi Krishna India" + ] + ], + [ + "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264", + [ + "United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)." + ] + ], + [ + "Warsaw Pact", + [ + "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991." + ] + ], + [ + "Samoa", + [ + "After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act 1961 of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence effective 1 January 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. Samoa also signed a friendship treaty with New Zealand. Samoa, the first small-island country in the Pacific to become independent, joined the Commonwealth of Nations on 28 August 1970. While independence was achieved at the beginning of January, Samoa annually celebrates 1 June as its independence day." + ] + ], + [ + "Kenya", + [ + "Kenya is a presidential representative democratic republic. The president is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. There was growing concern especially during former president Daniel arap Moi's tenure that the executive was increasingly meddling with the affairs of the judiciary.Kenya has a high degree of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public sector corruption in various countries. In 2012, the nation placed 139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100. However, there are several rather significant developments with regards to curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC)." + ] + ], + [ + "Estonia", + [ + "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__617062_127905_54974", + "question": "What is the farthest home run ever hit in the league where the team that Jim Wilson plays for?", + "answer": "about 575 feet", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + 0 + ], + [ + "Home run", + 0 + ], + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "List of Major League Baseball single-game grand slam leaders", + [ + "Every team which had a player hit two grand slams won their milestone games. These games have resulted in other single - game MLB records being set due to the extreme offensive performance. Lazzeri, for example, proceeded to hit a third home run in the game and finished with a total of eleven runs batted in, an American League record. Fernando Tatís became the only player to hit two grand slams in the same inning, when he attained the milestone, slugging two in the third inning for the St. Louis Cardinals on April 23, 1999. In achieving the feat, he also set a new major league record with eight runs batted in a single inning." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland Indians", + [ + "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams." + ] + ], + [ + "Instant replay in Major League Baseball", + [ + "MLB was the last of the four major North American professional sports leagues to implement an instant replay review system. Instant replay review was first implemented during the 2008 season. Under that system, only the umpire crew chief could initiate a review, and one or more members of the umpiring crew would review the video at the stadium and render the decision to uphold or overturn the call. Only boundary home run calls could be reviewed, either if the initial call was a home run but might not have been (e.g., spectator interference or a foul ball near the foul pole) or if the initial call was not a home run but might have been (e.g., the ball hit an object such as a railing beyond the outfield wall and then bounced back onto the field)." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI. (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 191.) As of 2014 the record still stands, with no serious threats coming since Gehrig (184) and Hank Greenberg (183) in the same era. The closest anyone has come to the mark in the last 75 years was Manny Ramirez's 165 RBI in 1999. In addition to the RBI record, Wilson 56 home-runs stood as the National League record until 1998, when Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire hit 66 and 70, respectively. Wilson was named \"Most Useful\" player that year by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, as the official N.L. Most Valuable Player Award was not awarded until the next season." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "Near the end of the first decade of the double-Bills' guidance, the Cubs won the NL pennant in 1929 and then achieved the unusual feat of winning a pennant every three years, following up the 1929 flag with league titles in 1932, 1935, and 1938. Unfortunately, their success did not extend to the Fall Classic, as they fell to their AL rivals each time. The '32 series against the Yankees featured Babe Ruth's \"called shot\" at Wrigley Field in Game 3. There were some historic moments for the Cubs as well; In 1930, Hack Wilson, one of the top home run hitters in the game, had one of the most impressive seasons in MLB history, hitting 56 home runs and establishing the current runs-batted-in record of 191. That 1930 club, which boasted six eventual Hall of Famers (Wilson, Gabby Hartnett, Rogers Hornsby, George \"High Pockets\" Kelly, Kiki Cuyler and manager Joe McCarthy) established the current team batting average record of .309. In 1935 the Cubs claimed the pennant in thrilling fashion, winning a record 21 games in a row in September. The '38 club saw Dizzy Dean lead the team's pitching staff and provided a historic moment when they won a crucial late-season game at Wrigley Field over the Pittsburgh Pirates with a walk-off home run by Gabby Hartnett, which became known in baseball lore as \"The Homer in the Gloamin'\"." + ] + ], + [ + "North Carolina", + [ + "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse." + ] + ], + [ + "California Golden Seals", + [ + "The California Golden Seals were a team in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 1976. Initially named California Seals, the team was renamed Oakland Seals partway through the 1967 -- 68 season (on December 8, 1967), and then to California Golden Seals in 1970. The Seals were one of six teams added to the league as part of the 1967 NHL expansion. Based in Oakland, California, they played their home games at the Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum Arena. However, the Seals were never successful at the gate, and eventually moved to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons in 1976." + ] + ], + [ + "List of milestone home runs by Barry Bonds", + [ + "In baseball, the home run is one of the most popular aspects of the game. Thus, the career record for home runs is among the most important and respected records in baseball. The road to this record has been closely followed and each additional home run Bonds hits extends the current record further. On August 7, 2007, Barry Bonds became the major leagues' career home run champion by hitting his 756th career home run, which surpassed Hank Aaron's total. the ball was caught by Pistolay." + ] + ], + [ + "Home run", + [ + "Other legendary home run hitters include Jimmie Foxx, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle (who on September 10, 1960, mythically hit ``the longest home run ever ''at an estimated distance of 643 feet (196 m), although this was measured after the ball stopped rolling), Reggie Jackson, Harmon Killebrew, Ernie Banks, Mike Schmidt, Dave Kingman, Sammy Sosa (who hit 60 or more home runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history. The home run was measured at a distance of 582 feet (177 m) and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium. Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about 575 feet (175 m), by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double - deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders", + [ + "Barry Bonds holds the Major League Baseball home run record with 762. He passed Hank Aaron, who is currently second with 755, on August 7, 2007. The only other player to have hit 700 or more is Babe Ruth with 714. Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630), Albert Pujols (626), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609) are the only other players to have hit 600 or more." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders", + [ + "Barry Bonds holds the Major League Baseball home run record with 762. He passed Hank Aaron, who is currently second with 755, on August 7, 2007. The only other player to have hit 700 or more is Babe Ruth with 714. Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630), Albert Pujols (613), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609) are the only other players to have hit 600 or more." + ] + ], + [ + "Joe Hauser", + [ + "Joseph John \"Unser Choe\" Hauser (January 21, 1899 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – July 11, 1997 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin) was a professional baseball player who played first baseman in the major leagues from 1922 to 1929, with the Philadelphia Athletics and Cleveland Indians. Hauser's major league career was undistinguished, but he made a name for himself in the minor leagues, where he became the first player ever to hit 60 or more home runs twice in a professional career: 63 in 1930, and 69 in 1933." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Major League Baseball single-game home run leaders", + [ + "Writers of Sporting News described hitting four home runs in a single Major League Baseball (MLB) game as ``baseball's greatest single - game accomplishment ''. Eighteen players have accomplished the feat to date, the most recent being J.D. Martinez of the Arizona Diamondbacks on September 4, 2017 against the Los Angeles Dodgers. No player has done this more than once in his career and no player has ever hit more than four in a game. Bobby Lowe was the first to hit four home runs in a single game, doing so on May 30, 1894. Fans were reportedly so excited that they threw $160 in silver coins ($4,400 today) onto the field after his fourth home run." + ] + ], + [ + "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)", + [ + "After the 1972 baseball season, the Royals moved to Royals Stadium in the Truman Sports Complex. The Royals won the final game (and event) at Municipal Stadium, a 4 -- 0 win over the Texas Rangers on October 4, 1972, in also the final Major League game managed by Hall of Famer Ted Williams. Amos Otis scored the final run in Municipal Stadium history and Ed Kirkpatrick had the final hit. Four days prior Gene Tenace of the Oakland A's hit the final home run, and John Mayberry hit the final Royals home run the night before." + ] + ], + [ + "Jim Wilson (first baseman)", + [ + "He was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season." + ] + ], + [ + "Green Bay Packers", + [ + "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage", + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps." + ] + ], + [ + "Sacramento Kings", + [ + "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center." + ] + ], + [ + "Cleveland Browns", + [ + "The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Browns compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. The Browns play their home games at FirstEnergy Stadium, which opened in 1999, with administrative offices and training facilities in Berea, Ohio. The Browns' official colors are brown, orange and white. They are unique among the 32 member franchises of the NFL in that they do not have a logo on their helmets and are the only team named after a specific person, original coach Paul Brown." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__56270_53706_795904_580996", + "question": "What shares a border with the city where the person who went to the state where the 951 area code is used during the gold rush works?", + "answer": "Rio Linda", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + 0 + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + 0 + ], + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + 0 + ], + [ + "Area code 951", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Antelope Wells, New Mexico", + [ + "Antelope Wells is a small unincorporated community in Hidalgo County, New Mexico, United States. The community is located along the Mexico – United States border, in the New Mexico Bootheel region, located across the border from the small settlement of El Berrendo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Despite its name, there are neither antelope nor wells in the area. The name comes from an old ranch, located north of the current community. The only inhabitants of the community are United States Customs and Border Protection employees." + ] + ], + [ + "Melbourne", + [ + "The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Thereafter, growth was exponential and by 1865, Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era." + ] + ], + [ + "Penryn, California", + [ + "Penryn (Washo: pénwin ) is a census-designated place in Placer County, California, in the United States. Geographic location is . Penryn is located northeast of Rocklin. The community's ZIP code is 95663 and the area code 916. The population was 831 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Atlantic City, Wyoming", + [ + "Atlantic City is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 37 at the 2010 census. The community is a small mining settlement in a gulch near South Pass in southwestern Wyoming. It was founded as a mining camp following the 1867 gold rush in the region. The town declined following the end of the placer gold rush in the early 1870s, but continued to exist as advances in mining technology allowed further extraction of gold. From the 1960s until 1983, it was the location of US Steel iron ore mine. The town is accessible by gravel roads from nearby Wyoming Highway 28." + ] + ], + [ + "Oak Lawn, Illinois", + [ + "Oak Lawn is a suburb of Chicago, located southwest of the city. It shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs." + ] + ], + [ + "Philadelphia", + [ + "Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the 215 area code in 1947 when the North American Numbering Plan of the \"Bell System\" went into effect. The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when area code 610 was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215. Overlay area code 267 was added to the 215 service area in 1997, and 484 was added to the 610 area in 1999. A plan in 2001 to introduce a third overlay code to both service areas (area code 445 to 215, area code 835 to 610) was delayed and later rescinded." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Sacramento, California", + [ + "The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior." + ] + ], + [ + "California Gold Rush", + [ + "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! ''" + ] + ], + [ + "Somes Bar, California", + [ + "Somes Bar or Sommes Bar, is an unincorporated community in Siskiyou County, California, United States. Somes Bar is located on the Salmon River northwest of Forks of Salmon. Somes Bar has a post office with ZIP code 95568, which opened in 1875. Somes Bar is named after George Somes, who found gold in the area in 1850. It was first located within Klamath County, California until it was absorbed by Siskiyou County when Klamath County was dissolved." + ] + ], + [ + "Area code 607", + [ + "North American area code 607 is a state of New York telephone area code servicing parts of its Southern Tier (which borders Pennsylvania). It was split from parts of area codes 315 and 716 in 1954. Initially, in the late 1940s, area codes with a middle digit of ``0 ''(x0x - xxx - xxxx) were assigned only to jurisdictions covering an entire state. Along with 507 in Minnesota and 606 in Kentucky, 607 was among the first such area codes to be added to a jurisdiction." + ] + ], + [ + "Aniak River", + [ + "Aniak is a Yup'ik word meaning \"the place where it comes out,\" which refers to the mouth of the Aniak River. This river played a role in the Placer Gold Rush of 1900–01, when prospectors from Nome rushed to the Kuskokwim River Delta after hearing of discoveries along the \"Yellow River\", later believed to be the Aniak River because of the yellow tint from silt carried from headwater streams." + ] + ], + [ + "Rio Linda High School", + [ + "Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District." + ] + ], + [ + "Area codes 978 and 351", + [ + "Area code 978 was created as a split from area code 508 on September 1, 1997 and covers north central and most of northeastern Massachusetts (LATA code 128). Use of 978 became mandatory February 1, 1998. Prior to when this area was served by 508 (July 1988), it was served only by the 617 area code, along with the rest of the eastern two - thirds of the state. 351 has been sharing the service area since May 2, 2001. Since then, 10 digit local dialing is mandatory." + ] + ], + [ + "Murtino", + [ + "Murtino is a village of Macedonia that lies on the border between the Strumica Municipality and the Bosilovo Municipality, with a majority of its area in the Strumica Municipality. Its FIPS code was MK68." + ] + ], + [ + "Virginia, Lempira", + [ + "Virginia is located in Lempira Honduras and shares a border with El Salvador. Many Virginians travel to El Salvador to do their shopping, because the Honduran cities are far away from Virginia." + ] + ], + [ + "Lompico, California", + [ + "Lompico is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. Lompico sits at an elevation of . Lompico shares the 95018 ZIP code with Felton. Lompico was founded in 1927. It is in area code 831. The 2010 United States census reported Lompico's population was 1,137." + ] + ], + [ + "Area code 951", + [ + "Area code 951 is a California telephone area code that was split from area code 909 on July 17, 2004. It covers western Riverside County, including, Beaumont, Corona, Canyon Lake, Riverside, Temescal Canyon, Woodcrest, Arlington, Mira Loma, Moreno Valley, Perris, Sun City, Lake Elsinore, Wildomar, Murrieta, Temecula, San Jacinto, Hemet, Lakeview, Nuevo, Norco, Banning, Eastvale, Quail Valley, and Idyllwild." + ] + ], + [ + "Marira", + [ + "Marira is a village in the rural areas of Shurugwi, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe, 25 km southeast of Shurugwi along the main road to Masvingo, Beit Bridge from Gweru thereby linking it with main cities of Zimbabwe and other neighbouring countries in the region notably South Africa and Botswana. Of all the rural areas in Shurugwi, this has been strategically located. The first people to stay here were settled by the white settlers from the British South Africa Company who were coming from South Africa commonly known in the local language as \"Majoni\" after they were forcibly removed from their lands during the 19th century. \"Mujoni\" was someone from Johannesburg which locally is shortened 'Joni' just like 'muzulu' for a Zulu speaking person, \" for someone from Zambia etc. \"Majoni\" when they are many." + ] + ], + [ + "Kangaroo court", + [ + "The term kangaroo court is often erroneously believed to have its origin from Australia's courts while it was a penal colony. However, the first published instance of the term is from an American source in the year 1853. Some sources suggest that it may have been popularized during the California Gold Rush of 1849, along with mustang court, as a description of the hastily carried - out proceedings used to deal with the issue of claim jumping miners. Ostensibly the term comes from the notion of justice proceeding ``by leaps '', like a kangaroo -- in other words,`` jumping over'' (intentionally ignoring) evidence that would be in favour of the defendant. Another possibility is that the phrase could refer to the pouch of a kangaroo, meaning the court is in someone's pocket. The phrase is popular in the UK, US, Australia and New Zealand and is still in common use." + ] + ], + [ + "Klondike Gold Rush", + [ + "The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north - western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. Some became wealthy, but the majority went in vain. It has been immortalized in photographs, books, films, and artifacts." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__142621_225454", + "question": "What is the record label of the co-writer and recording artist of Permission to Fly?", + "answer": "Hollywood Records", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Permission to Fly", + 0 + ], + [ + "No Ordinary Girl", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "The Power of Love (Jennifer Rush song)", + [ + "``The Power of Love ''is a song co-written and originally recorded by Jennifer Rush in 1984. It has been covered by several artists, most notably by Celine Dion, Laura Branigan and Air Supply." + ] + ], + [ + "Here Comes the Hotstepper", + [ + "``Here Comes the Hotstepper ''is a song co-written and recorded by Jamaican dancehall artist Ini Kamoze. It was released as the lead single from his 1994 album Here Comes the Hotstepper." + ] + ], + [ + "Necessary Records", + [ + "Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003. Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity. \"It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard. An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Pointless Nostalgic", + [ + "Pointless Nostalgic is Jamie Cullum's second album but his first major release on a record label. It was released in 2002 through Candid Records. It was recorded at Clowns Pocket Recording Studio, Bexley, Kent by Derek Nash who also co produced the CD." + ] + ], + [ + "Under Your Spell Again", + [ + "\"Under Your Spell Again\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Buck Owens. The song peaked at number 4 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Ornament Records", + [ + "Ornament Records is a German record label set up in 1972 by Siegfried A. \"Ziggy\" Christmann. It initially specialised in issuing live recordings of blues artists who were touring Germany. Soon the label started releasing jazz and German (especially Moselle Franconian) folk music as well." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Records", + [ + "Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992. It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company, in this case being Interscope Records." + ] + ], + [ + "Permission to Fly", + [ + "Permission to Fly is the second and final studio album by American singer-songwriter Jordan Pruitt. On July 22, 2008, the album was released to all Limited Too stores only and in September the album was released on iTunes. On August 26, 2008 the album was given a physical release. The worldwide premiere of the album was broadcast over Radio Disney on July 19, 2008 at 4:00 p.m. Pacific Time and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The encore also aired on July 21, 2008 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time. For unknown reasons, the album was removed from the iTunes Store on September 19, 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "My Moment (Rebecca Black song)", + [ + "\"My Moment\" is a song by American recording artist Rebecca Black. It is a self-empowerment follow-up song to her first single \"Friday\", addressed to the \"haters\" who criticized her previous release. The song was written and produced by Brandon \"Blue\" Hamilton and Quinton Tolbert, and co-produced by Charlton Pettus. It was released on the iTunes Store under the label RB Records as Black's second single on July 19, 2011. RB Records was established by Black herself, after disputes over ownership and distribution of her previous single, \"Friday\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Here I Am (Patty Loveless song)", + [ + "\"Here I Am\" is a song written by Tony Arata, and recorded by American country music artist Patty Loveless. It was released in November 1994 as the second single from her album \"When Fallen Angels Fly\". The song reached a number 4 peak in February 1995." + ] + ], + [ + "Hamburg Records", + [ + "Hamburg Records is a Hamburg, Germany based independent record label and artist management owned by Pyogenesis vocalist Flo V. Schwarz." + ] + ], + [ + "Kontor Records", + [ + "Kontor Records is a record label based in Hamburg, Germany. The label's artist roster includes ATB, Tiësto and Scooter. Jens Thele is the head manager of Kontor and is also the manager of Scooter." + ] + ], + [ + "Ellahy Amen Records", + [ + "Ellahy Amen Records is an American-French independent avant-garde record label, launched in 2002 by former Pigface member and experimental/avant-garde musician Leila Bela. The record label is based both in Paris, France and Austin, Texas, United States. Currently, the label has three artists signed to the roster." + ] + ], + [ + "Graeme Goodall", + [ + "Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music." + ] + ], + [ + "Statiras Records", + [ + "Statiras Records is a sub-label of Progressive Records which Progressive founder Gus Statiras launched in the 1980s that recorded jazz musical artists for release on LP and CD." + ] + ], + [ + "Whiskey River", + [ + "\"Whiskey River\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Johnny Bush. He released the song in 1972 through RCA Victor and included it on his album \"Whiskey River\". Bush later re-recorded the song in 1981 and released it through the Delta label, with \"When My Conscience Hurts the Most\" on the b-side." + ] + ], + [ + "Voices of Wonder", + [ + "Voices of Wonder aka Voice of Wonder Records was one of the most important rock record labels in Oslo, Norway in the early 1990s. The label was fronted by a small and intimate record store on Olaf Ryes plass, which in addition to the labels own artists specialized in the English Earache Records and the American Sub Pop labels." + ] + ], + [ + "Jive Records", + [ + "Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and early 2000s." + ] + ], + [ + "No Ordinary Girl", + [ + "No Ordinary Girl is the debut album by Jordan Pruitt, released in the United States on February 6, 2007 by Hollywood Records. The album debuted and peaked at number sixty-four on the \"Billboard\" 200 with 14,000 copies sold in its first week and to date has sold 187,887 in the United States. This album had moderate success because of the songs included in the Disney Channel movies \"Read It and Weep\" and \"Jump In\". Pruitt supported the album with \"The Cheetah Girls The Party's Just Begun Tour\" and \"\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Big Blue Note", + [ + "\"Big Blue Note\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released in September 2005 as the third and final single from Keith's album \"Honkytonk University\". It peaked at number 5 on the United States country charts. Partway through the single's release, DreamWorks Records closed its country division, so Keith promoted the album via his own label, Show Dog Nashville. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__570103_49925_13759_736921", + "question": "Where is the district that the person who wanted to reform and address Brian Nobles's religion preached a sermon on Marian devotion before his death located?", + "answer": "Saxony-Anhalt", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Reformation", + 0 + ], + [ + "Wittenberg (district)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Brian Noble (bishop)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Acts of the Apostles", + [ + "Luke -- Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke -- Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or ``apology ''for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah." + ] + ], + [ + "Reformation", + [ + "Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought." + ] + ], + [ + "Wittenberg (district)", + [ + "Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony." + ] + ], + [ + "Pope Paul VI", + [ + "Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name \"Paul\" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America." + ] + ], + [ + "Affordable Health Care for America Act", + [ + "The Affordable Health Care for America Act (or HR 3962) was a bill that was crafted by the United States House of Representatives in October 29th of 2009. It never became law as originally drafted. At the encouragement of the Obama administration, the 111th Congress devoted much of its time to enacting reform of the United States' health care system. Known as the ``House bill '', HR 3962 was the House of Representatives' chief legislative proposal during the health reform debate." + ] + ], + [ + "I Want It All (Queen song)", + [ + "``I Want It All ''is a song by British rock band Queen, featured on their 1989 studio album The Miracle. Written by guitarist and backing vocalist Brian May (but credited to Queen) and produced by David Richards, it was released as the first single from the album on 2 May 1989.`` I Want It All'' reached # 3 on both the UK Singles Chart and the American Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, # 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 1 in other European territories, including Spain, where Los 40 Principales regularly played the song during the month of July 1989." + ] + ], + [ + "Abdul Rehman Makki", + [ + "Abdul Rehman Makki, in many of his public speeches and sermons, has stated that the war on terror started by America has caused the death of thousands of innocents in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan." + ] + ], + [ + "Henry Scott Holland", + [ + "While at St Paul's Cathedral Holland delivered a sermon in May 1910 following the death of King Edward VII, titled Death the King of Terrors, in which he explores the natural but seemingly contradictory responses to death: the fear of the unexplained and the belief in continuity. It is from his discussion of the latter that perhaps his best - known writing, Death is nothing at all, is drawn:" + ] + ], + [ + "Brian Noble (bishop)", + [ + "Brian Michael Noble (born 11 April 1936) is an English prelate who served in the Roman Catholic Church as the Bishop of Shrewsbury from 1995 to 2010." + ] + ], + [ + "Świecie County", + [ + "Świecie County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świecie, which lies north of Toruń and north-east of Bydgoszcz. The only other town in the county is Nowe, lying north-east of Świecie." + ] + ], + [ + "Lockroy", + [ + "Born in Turin as the son of Baron General Henri Simon, who forbade his son's use of his surname in an artistic career, Joseph-Philippe Simon began as an actor under the pseudonym Lockroy at the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe and the Comédie-Française in Paris before devoting himself entirely to writing. For a few months in 1848 he served as provisional administrator of the Comédie-Française." + ] + ], + [ + "Ambroise-Marie Carré", + [ + "Both before and after the war, he preached many sermons and participated in conferences in France and abroad (especially in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, and Belgium). He preached the Lenten sermons many times at Notre Dame de Paris, and in 1964, Paul VI called him to present spiritual exercises at the Vatican. He was elected to the Académie française on 26 June 1975, replacing Jean Cardinal Daniélou, a post he held until his death on 15 January 2004 at Ancourt, in France." + ] + ], + [ + "Jehovah's Witnesses", + [ + "Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular \"Bible study\" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly \"Field Service Report\". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed \"irregular\" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed \"inactive\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Mary, mother of Jesus", + [ + "Despite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:" + ] + ], + [ + "Biłgoraj County", + [ + "Biłgoraj County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies south of the regional capital Lublin. The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, north of Biłgoraj." + ] + ], + [ + "Doubt (2008 film)", + [ + "In 1964 at a Catholic church in The Bronx, New York Father Flynn gives a sermon on the nature of doubt, noting that like faith, doubt can be a unifying force. Sister Aloysius, the strict principal of the parish school, becomes concerned when she sees a boy pull away from Father Flynn in the school courtyard. At dinner, she asks her fellow nuns if they know why Father Flynn would preach about doubt, and instructs them to be alert to a possible problem in the school." + ] + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in England and Wales", + [ + "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant)." + ] + ], + [ + "Radulphe", + [ + "Radulphe (also spelled Radulph, Rodolphe, etc.) was a French monk who, without permission from his superiors, left his monastery in France and travelled to the Rhine Valley during the Second Crusade (1147–49) where he preached \"that the Jews should be slain as the enemies of the Christian religion.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "First Great Awakening", + [ + "The revival began with Jonathan Edwards in Northampton, Massachusetts. Edwards came from Puritan, Calvinist roots, but emphasized the importance and power of immediate, personal religious experience. Religious experience had to be immediate, he taught. He distrusted hierarchy and catechisms. His sermons were ``solemn, with a distinct and careful enunciation, and a slow cadence. ''His sermons were powerful and attracted a large following. Anglican preacher George Whitefield visited from England; he continued the movement, traveling throughout the colonies and preaching in a more dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone into his audiences. Both Edwards and Whitefield were slave owners and believed that blacks would acquire absolute equality with whites in the Millennial church." + ] + ], + [ + "Marian reforms", + [ + "The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman Republic." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__567955_503371_21711", + "question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat constructed in the city where Martin of the region where Layana is located died?", + "answer": "built in the 15th century", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Layana", + 0 + ], + [ + "Martin of Aragon", + 0 + ], + [ + "Gothic architecture", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Zec de la Bessonne", + [ + "The Zec de la Bessonne is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting area) (ZEC) near La Tuque in administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada. A territory of was assigned in 1978 to the Zec." + ] + ], + [ + "Île de la Cité", + [ + "The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of western towers." + ] + ], + [ + "Jardin botanique de Bordeaux", + [ + "The Jardin botanique de Bordeaux (0.5 hectares) is a municipal botanical garden located at Place Bardineau, Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France; it is open daily without charge. This historic garden has been recently supplemented by the Jardin botanique de la Bastide, located across the river." + ] + ], + [ + "Layana", + [ + "Layana is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 120 inhabitants." + ] + ], + [ + "Pola de Siero", + [ + "Pola de Siero (in Asturian and as official name La Pola Siero, and also known as La Pola colloquially) is a town in the autonomous community of Asturias on the north coast of the Kingdom of Spain. It is the administrative capital of the municipality (concejo) of Siero. Pola de Siero is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately 16 km east of the regional Capital Oviedo and 16 km south of Gijón." + ] + ], + [ + "Valencia", + [ + "Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing." + ] + ], + [ + "Execution of Louis XVI", + [ + "The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution (``Revolution Square '', formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The National Convention had convicted the king (17 January 1792) in a near - unanimous vote (while no one voted`` not guilty'', several deputies abstained) and condemned him to death by a simple majority." + ] + ], + [ + "Paris", + [ + "Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent \"District de la région parisienne\" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed \"Île-de-France\" in 1977, but the \"Paris region\" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence." + ] + ], + [ + "Lac-Pythonga, Quebec", + [ + "Lac-Pythonga is an unorganized territory in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. It surrounds Lake Pythonga and is the largest of the five unorganized territories in the La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality." + ] + ], + [ + "Ngiwal", + [ + "Ngiwal is one of the sixteen states of Palau. It has a population of 223 (census 2005) and an area of 26 km². The administrative center is Ngerkeai." + ] + ], + [ + "Saint Barthélemy", + [ + "Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthélemy became an Overseas Collectivity (COM). A governing territorial council was elected for its administration, which has provided the island with a certain degree of autonomy. The Hotel de Ville, which was the town hall, is now the Hotel de la Collectivité. A senator represents the island in Paris. St. Barthélemy has retained its free port status." + ] + ], + [ + "Martin of Aragon", + [ + "Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end." + ] + ], + [ + "Josep Domènech i Estapà", + [ + "His works in Barcelona include the church of Sant Andreu del Palomar (1881, with Pere Falqués), Teatre Poliorama and Reial Acadèmia de les Ciències (1883), Palau de la Justícia - Palace of Justice courthouse (1887-1908, with Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia), Palau Montaner, now the Delegación del Gobierno Español (Delegation of the Spanish Government) in Barcelona (1889-1896, with Lluís Domènech i Montaner), the University of Barcelona's Faculty of Medicine (1904), Modelo prison (1904, with Salvador Vinyals i Sabaté), the Amparo de Santa Lucía / Empar de Santa Llúcia home for the blind, which eventually became the Museu de la Ciència de Barcelona, now known as CosmoCaixa Barcelona (1904-1909), the Fabra Observatory (1906), Catalana de Gas i electricitat building and water tower (1908), the Church of Our Lady of Carmen (Església de la Mare de Déu del Carme) and Carmelite convent (1910-1921, finished by his son Josep Domènech i Mansana) and Magoria station (1912). He also headed the construction of the Hospital Clínic (1895-1906), based on a design by Ignasi C. Bartrolí (1881). In the town of Viladrau, he built the Hotel Bofill (1898)." + ] + ], + [ + "Gothic architecture", + [ + "The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris." + ] + ], + [ + "Palau Tiger Team", + [ + "Palau Tiger Team was a Palauan association football club which competed in the Palau Soccer League, the top level league in Palau, in 2006-07, when they finished fourth losing 2-4 to Mount Everest Nepal in the third place play-off. Due to fragmentary records, it is not known how many other seasons they competed." + ] + ], + [ + "Santa Cruz de las Flores, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco", + [ + "Santa Cruz de las Flores is the name of a town located south of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It has been called Xochitlan, meaning \"Place of Flowers\" (\"xōchitl\" is Nahuatl for flower )." + ] + ], + [ + "Minsk Region", + [ + "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500." + ] + ], + [ + "Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle", + [ + "The Zec de la Rivière-Nouvelle (River Nova) is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (zec) in the unorganized territory of Rivière-Nouvelle, in Avignon Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, in Quebec, in Canada. The main purpose of the ZEC is the management of salmon fishing." + ] + ], + [ + "Palau Güell", + [ + "The Palau Güell (, ) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí for the industrial tycoon Eusebi Güell and built between 1886 and 1888. It is situated on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Works of Antoni Gaudí\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Alcuéscar", + [ + "Alcuéscar is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain. The town is on the Silver Route (the Via de la Plata) branch of the Camino de Santiago, the pilgrimage trail to the burial place of St. James the Apostle." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop2__161602_474028_88460_63559", + "question": "When was Burma's name changed to the country between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is from?", + "answer": "1235", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Names of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + 0 + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + 0 + ], + [ + "A Don", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match having been played only four years earlier. However, a separate Women's Cricket World Cup had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a tournament involving multiple international teams had been held as early as 1912, when a triangular tournament of Test matches was played between Australia, England and South Africa. The first three World Cups were held in England. From the 1987 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an unofficial rotation system, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "2016 FIFA Club World Cup", + [ + "The 2016 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016 presented by Alibaba YunOS Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 13th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA - organised international club football tournament between the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the national league champion from the host country. The tournament was hosted by Japan. Real Madrid won their second Club World Cup, defeating hosts Kashima Antlers in the final." + ] + ], + [ + "Names of Myanmar", + [ + "Ma Thanegi records that the first use of the name 'Mranma' for the country is to be found on a 3 feet (91 cm) high stone inscription dated 597 ME (Traditional Burmese calendar) or 1235 CE. The stone is from the reign of Kyaswa, (1234 - 1250) son of King Htilominlo (Nadaungmya), Bagan. It is written in early Burmese script. Although the middle of the front side of this stone is damaged, the first line of the better - protected reverse side clearly shows မြန်မာပြည် (``Mranma kingdom ''). The inscription is known as the 'Yadana Kon Htan Inscription'. At present it is in Bagan recorded as stone number 43 in the Archaeological Department's collection." + ] + ], + [ + "2026 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The FIFA Council went back and forth between 2013 and 2017 on limitations within hosting rotation based on the continental confederations. Originally, it was set that bids to be host would not be allowed from countries belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments. It was temporarily changed to only prohibit countries belonging to the confederation that hosted the previous World Cup from bidding to host the following tournament, before the rule was changed back to its prior state of two World Cups. However, the FIFA Council did make an exception to potentially grant eligibility to member associations of the confederation of the second - to - last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that ``Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively. ''Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from those four met the requirements." + ] + ], + [ + "British Masters", + [ + "The event returned in 2015, being played at Woburn and hosted by golfer Ian Poulter. The 2016 edition was played at The Grove and hosted by Luke Donald. The 2017 tournament was played at Close House Golf Club and hosted by Lee Westwood. The 2018 tournament was played at Walton Heath Golf Club and hosted by Justin Rose." + ] + ], + [ + "Li Jiaman", + [ + "Li Jiaman (born 18 August 1997) is a Chinese archer, who participated in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. She was the sole representative of the host-country China in the archery competition." + ] + ], + [ + "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", + [ + "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament." + ] + ], + [ + "1963 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament", + [ + "Loyola University Chicago, coached by George Ireland, won the national title with a 60 -- 58 overtime victory in the final game, over the University of Cincinnati, coached by Ed Jucker. Art Heyman, of Duke University, was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. This tournament marked the last time that a city was host to two straight Final Fours." + ] + ], + [ + "Geography of Myanmar", + [ + "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes." + ] + ], + [ + "Moel Famau", + [ + "Moel Famau (or Moel Fama) is the highest hill within the Clwydian Range, formerly Flintshire Range, on the boundary between Denbighshire and Flintshire in Wales. The hill, which also gives its name to the Moel Famau country park, has been classed as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty since 1985. It is also surrounded by several well-preserved Iron Age hill forts." + ] + ], + [ + "1998 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The tournament was won by host country France, who beat defending champions Brazil 3 -- 0 in the final. France won their first title, becoming the seventh nation to win a World Cup, and the sixth (after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina) to win the tournament on home soil. Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa made their first appearances in the finals." + ] + ], + [ + "Beaverdell", + [ + "Beaverdell is an unincorporated settlement in the Monashee Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, which lies to the east of the Okanagan Valley and north of the Boundary Country region. It is located midway along the West Kettle River between Kelowna and Rock Creek along British Columbia Highway 33." + ] + ], + [ + "2015 Copa América", + [ + "Originally, it was to be hosted by Brazil, as suggested by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) in February 2011 due to CONMEBOL's rotation policy of tournaments being held in alphabetical order. However, due to the organization of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics in that country, Brazil decided against also hosting the Copa América. CONMEBOL’s president Nicolas Leoz had mentioned the possibility of the tournament being organized in Mexico (despite this country not being a member of CONMEBOL) as part of the federation's centenary celebrations. Brazil and Chile's Football Federations discussed the idea of swapping around the order of being hosts of the 2015 and 2019 tournaments. The swap was made official in May 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "2018 FIFA World Cup Чемпионат мира по футболу 2018 (Chempionat mira po futbolu 2018) Tournament details Host country Russia Dates 14 June -- 15 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue (s) 12 (in 11 host cities) ← 2014 2022 →" + ] + ], + [ + "Myanmar", + [ + "In English, the country is popularly known as either \"Burma\" or \"Myanmar\" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from \"Bamar\", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century." + ] + ], + [ + "A Don", + [ + "A Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province." + ] + ], + [ + "1986 FIFA World Cup", + [ + "The 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 13th FIFA World Cup, was held in Mexico from 31 May to 29 June 1986. The tournament was the second to feature a 24 - team format. With European nations not allowed to host after the previous World Cup in Spain, Colombia had been originally chosen to host the competition by FIFA but, largely due to economic reasons, was not able to do so and officially resigned in 1982. Mexico was selected as the new host in May 1983. This was the third FIFA World Cup tournament in succession that was hosted by a Hispanophonic country, after Spain in 1982, and Argentina in 1978." + ] + ], + [ + "Cricket World Cup", + [ + "Sri Lanka as a co-host of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was the first host to win the tournament though the final was held in Pakistan. India won in 2011 as host and was the first team to win in a final played in their own country. Australia repeated the feat in 2015. England is the only other host to have made the final, in 1979. Other countries which have achieved or equalled their best World Cup results while co-hosting the tournament are New Zealand as finalists in 2015; Zimbabwe who reached the Super Six in 2003; and Kenya as semi-finalists in 2003. In 1987, co-hosts India and Pakistan both reached the semi-finals, but were eliminated by Australia and England respectively. Australia in 1992, England in 1999, South Africa in 2003, and Bangladesh in 2011 have been the host teams that were eliminated in the first round." + ] + ], + [ + "Switzerland", + [ + "Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium." + ] + ], + [ + "2017 FIFA Confederations Cup", + [ + "Russia was announced as the hosts on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four different stadiums across four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia has hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup has been held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of the FIFA confederation championships and the 2014 FIFA World Cup champions, Germany." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__785711_73244", + "question": "Where is the origin of the river Augrabies Falls is part of?", + "answer": "Thaba Putsoa", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Orange River", + 0 + ], + [ + "R359 (South Africa)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Hudson City School District (Ohio)", + [ + "The Hudson City School District is a school district in Ohio, covering most of Hudson and Boston Heights, and parts of Boston Township and Cuyahoga Falls." + ] + ], + [ + "George W. Childs Recreation Site", + [ + "The George W. Childs Recreation Site is a former Pennsylvania state park that is the site of a number of cascade waterfalls along Dingmans Creek; it has been part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area since 1983. It is located in Dingmans Ferry in Delaware Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania and is named for the late newspaper publisher George William Childs, whose widow deeded the land to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1912. The site contains three main waterfalls: Factory Falls, Fulmer Falls and Deer Leap Falls and is a few miles upstream from Dingmans Falls and Silverthread Falls." + ] + ], + [ + "Hazelton, Idaho", + [ + "Hazelton is a city in Jerome County, Idaho, United States. The population was 753 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Twin Falls, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Jolly, Texas", + [ + "Jolly is a city in Clay County, Texas, United States. It is part of the Wichita Falls, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 172 at the 2010 census." + ] + ], + [ + "Granville (village), New York", + [ + "Granville is a village in Washington County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The village population was 2,644 at the 2000 census." + ] + ], + [ + "American Chronicles", + [ + "American Chronicles is a documentary television program that was broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company as part of its 1990 fall lineup." + ] + ], + [ + "The Funny Side", + [ + "The Funny Side is an American sketch comedy program that aired on NBC as part of its 1971 fall lineup." + ] + ], + [ + "Orange River", + [ + "Orange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari)." + ] + ], + [ + "Delta Force: Angel Falls", + [ + "Delta Force: Angel Falls is the title of a first-person shooter game by NovaLogic originally announced in 2008, now generally regarded as vaporware." + ] + ], + [ + "Barker, Niagara County, New York", + [ + "Barker is a village in Niagara County, New York, USA. The population was 533 at the 2010 census. The mail ZIP code is 14012. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Too Young to Fall in Love", + [ + "\"Too Young to Fall in Love\" is a song by American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. It was originally released on their 1983 album \"Shout at the Devil\"." + ] + ], + [ + "George Burns Comedy Week", + [ + "George Burns Comedy Week is a comedy anthology television series broadcast in the United States by CBS as part of its 1985 fall lineup, hosted by George Burns." + ] + ], + [ + "Mulholland Falls (soundtrack)", + [ + "Mulholland Falls: Original MGM Motion Picture Soundtrack is an album by American pianist Dave Grusin released in 1996 by the Edel America label. This album is the soundtrack to the motion picture \"Mulholland Falls\", directed by Lee Tamahori." + ] + ], + [ + "Teech", + [ + "Teech is an American sitcom that briefly aired on CBS as part of its 1991 Fall lineup. The series was co-produced by Nikndaph Productions in association with Columbia Pictures Television for CBS." + ] + ], + [ + "Cold Brook Dam", + [ + "Cold Brook Dam is a dam in Fall River County, South Dakota in the southwestern part of the state, south of the Black Hills." + ] + ], + [ + "R359 (South Africa)", + [ + "The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington." + ] + ], + [ + "Grand Falls Plaza, Missouri", + [ + "Grand Falls Plaza is a village in Newton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 114 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area." + ] + ], + [ + "Crescent Falls", + [ + "Crescent Falls are a series of two waterfalls located on the Bighorn River in west-central Alberta, Canada. They were originally called the Bighorn Falls, after the river they are located on." + ] + ], + [ + "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island", + [ + "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team." + ] + ], + [ + "Horicon, New York", + [ + "Horicon is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. Horicon's population was 1,389 at the 2010 census." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__67660_67223", + "question": "Who married the narrator of How I Met Your Mother?", + "answer": "Tracy Mosby", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Marshall Eriksen", + [ + "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American" + ] + ], + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + [ + "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother." + ] + ], + [ + "Ted Mosby", + [ + "Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother." + ] + ], + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + [ + "Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale." + ] + ], + [ + "Kurt Kasznar", + [ + "Kurt Kasznar was born Kurt Servischer on August 12, 1913, in Vienna, Austria-Hungary (today: Austria). His family was Jewish. His father left the family when Kurt was very young. After his mother married Hungarian restaurateur Ferdinand Kasznar, Kurt assumed his surname. While working as an apprentice waiter at his stepfather's restaurant, Kasznar met director Max Reinhardt and enrolled in his seminars. \"There I learned to act, write, build sets and live,\" Kasznar said later." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Ghost Whisperer characters", + [ + "Beth Gordon (portrayed by Anne Archer), Melinda's mother and Aiden's grandmother, has the ability to communicate with ghosts, but chooses not to. She never came to terms with her mother or Melinda when it came to their gifts and prefers not to speak of anything that has to do with ghosts, or her husband Tom Gordon. Before she met Tom, she was in a relationship with a man named Paul Eastman, whom she was having a baby with when he went to jail. Once he died, Beth married Tom and never told Melinda about her real father. In ``Pater Familias '', Paul convinces Beth to tell Melinda the truth. She is then invited to watch the tall ships come into the harbor with Melinda, Jim and their friends, Rick, Delia, and Ned. She appeared in the episodes`` Melinda's First Ghost'', ``The Vanishing '',`` The Underneath'', and ``Pater Familias ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Lilian Turner", + [ + "Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "An alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. In the video, future Ted is heard saying, ``... When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mum every morning, I ca n't help but be amazed how easy it all really was... '', indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin as he lived a successful married life with Tracy Mosby." + ] + ], + [ + "How I Met Your Mother", + [ + "Bob Saget as Future Ted Mosby (voice only, uncredited), Ted's future self, telling his children the story of how he met their mother, in the year 2030." + ] + ], + [ + "Chai Ling", + [ + "Chai was born on April 15, 1966, in Rizhao, in Shandong, China. Both Chai's mother and father had been doctors in the People's Liberation Army during the 1950s. Chai is the eldest of four children. In 1983, Chai Ling began her education at Peking University where she eventually earned a BA in psychology. Chai met her future husband, Feng Congde, in January 1987. She became aware of Feng after his arrest on January 1, 1987 for his participation in a democracy demonstration, and met him a few days later on her way to the university library. Chai and Feng were married in the spring of 1988, though they were forced to alter their identification because they failed to meet the age requirements to be legally married. After their wedding, Chai was accepted as a graduate student at the Child Psychology Institute of Beijing Normal University. Chai and Feng became increasingly distant over the course of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, and their marriage ended in divorce soon after the movement ended." + ] + ], + [ + "Ted Mosby", + [ + "Theodore Evelyn ``Ted ''Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the`` long version'' of how he met their mother." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti." + ] + ], + [ + "Kristin Espinasse", + [ + "Kristin Espinasse was born in the southwestern USA and completed a liberal arts degree at Arizona State University. She met her husband Jean-Marc in Aix-en-Provence while on an exchange program in France. She moved to France in 1992. Her mother Jules lives in Mexico." + ] + ], + [ + "Cristin Milioti", + [ + "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award." + ] + ], + [ + "Bad News (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "``Bad News ''is the 13th episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and their 125th episode overall. It aired January 3, 2011. TV Guide listed`` Bad News'' in its list of 2011's Top TV Episodes." + ] + ], + [ + "Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit", + [ + "\"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit\" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series \"How I Met Your Mother\" from the 100th episode \"Girls Versus Suits\". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti." + ] + ], + [ + "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)", + [ + "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans." + ] + ], + [ + "Cobie Smulders", + [ + "Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "4hop1__271272_508773_85832_745702", + "question": "What is the name of the child of the Italian navigator who sailed for England and explored the east coast of the continent Francisco Vázquez' birthplace is located?", + "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Francisco H. Vázquez", + 0 + ], + [ + "John Cabot", + 0 + ], + [ + "Paula Santiago", + 0 + ], + [ + "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "David Melgueiro", + [ + "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan." + ] + ], + [ + "Frederick de Houtman", + [ + "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations." + ] + ], + [ + "Francisco de Eliza", + [ + "Francisco de Eliza y Reventa (1759 – February 19, 1825) was a Spanish naval officer, navigator, and explorer. He is remembered mainly for his work in the Pacific Northwest. He was the commandant of the Spanish post in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island, and led or dispatched several exploration voyages in the region, including the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia." + ] + ], + [ + "Greeks", + [ + "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade." + ] + ], + [ + "Francisco H. Vázquez", + [ + "Francisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. Vázquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action at the nationally known Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University. He is also the director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action. He co-authored the prominent book \"Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society\", (Rowman & Littlefield) with University of California Irvine professor Rodolfo D. Torres in 2003. A second edition by Vázquez alone was issued on December 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "British Empire", + [ + "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again." + ] + ], + [ + "John Cabot", + [ + "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed." + ] + ], + [ + "History of Australia", + [ + "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales." + ] + ], + [ + "Exploration of North America", + [ + "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500." + ] + ], + [ + "Paula Santiago", + [ + "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair." + ] + ], + [ + "Gibbs Point", + [ + "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula." + ] + ], + [ + "History of the west coast of North America", + [ + "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America." + ] + ], + [ + "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)", + [ + "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea." + ] + ], + [ + "Francisco de Orellana", + [ + "Francisco de Orellana (; 1511 – November 1546) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He completed the first known navigation of the entire length of the Amazon River, which initially was named \"Rio de Orellana.\" He also founded the city of Guayaquil in what is now Ecuador." + ] + ], + [ + "Pedro Álvares Cabral", + [ + "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia." + ] + ], + [ + "Pennell Coast", + [ + "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell." + ] + ], + [ + "Pedro Álvares Cabral", + [ + "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India." + ] + ], + [ + "Wilkins Runway", + [ + "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration." + ] + ], + [ + "Willem Janszoon", + [ + "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea." + ] + ], + [ + "Spice trade", + [ + "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__37656_160040", + "question": "Who is the guy defending this stuff from the highest authority in Protestantism for morals?", + "answer": "Josh McDowell", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Criticism of Christianity", + 0 + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Loco Max", + [ + "Edgar Gabriel Morales Correa, better known under the ring name Loco Max (born March 10, 1972 in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican \"luchador\", or masked professional wrestler currently on the Mexican professional wrestling independent circuit portraying a \"rudo\" (\"Bad guy\") wrestling character. As Loco Max Morales worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) for many years where he was a part of groups known as \"Pandilla Guerrera\" and \"Los Guerreros Tuareg\" and also held the Mexican National Lightweight Championship." + ] + ], + [ + "Where Are You Going", + [ + "\"Where Are You Going\" is the first single from Dave Matthews Band's album \"Busted Stuff\". The single reached #39 on the Billboard Hot 100, #20 on the Modern Rock Tracks, and topped the Triple A chart. The song was featured in the 2002 Adam Sandler motion picture, \"Mr. Deeds\". It is also featured in the trailer for the 2008 film \"Flash of Genius\". \"Where Are You Going\" is one of two songs from \"Busted Stuff\" that did not originally appear on \"The Lillywhite Sessions\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Hot Babes Doing Stuff Naked", + [ + "Hot Babes Doing Stuff Naked is a collection of segments currently being shown on Playboy TV that showcase models and adult actresses doing various outdoor activities without clothing." + ] + ], + [ + "Agnes Giberne", + [ + "Agnes Giberne (19 November 1845 in Belgaum, India – 20 August 1939 in Eastbourne, England) was a prolific British author who wrote fiction with moral or religious themes for children and also books on astronomy for young people." + ] + ], + [ + "Cerebro Negro", + [ + "Ricardo Antonio Morales Gonzalez (born September 30, 1973 in Mexico City, Mexico), better known under the ring name Cerebro Negro (\"Black Brain\"), is a Mexican \"luchador\", or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) portraying a \"rudo\" (\"Bad guy\") wrestling character as well as a number of independent promotions." + ] + ], + [ + "Richard Carlson (author)", + [ + "Richard Carlson (May 16, 1961 -- December 13, 2006) was an American author, psychotherapist, and motivational speaker. His book, Do n't Sweat the Small Stuff... and it's all Small Stuff (1997), was USA Today's bestselling book for two consecutive years. and spent over 101 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list. It was published in 135 countries and translated into Latvian, Polish, Icelandic, Serbian and 26 other languages. Carlson went on to write 20 books." + ] + ], + [ + "Sexual Morality and the Law", + [ + "Sexual Morality and the Law is the transcription of a 1978 radio conversation in Paris between philosopher Michel Foucault, playwright/actor/lawyer Jean Danet, and novelist/gay activist Guy Hocquenghem, debating the idea of abolishing age of consent laws in France." + ] + ], + [ + "To Kill a Mockingbird", + [ + "The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction, Atticus tells Jem that courage is \"when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Women's suffrage", + [ + "Women's political status without the vote was promoted by the National Council of Women of Canada from 1894 to 1918. It promoted a vision of ``transcendent citizenship ''for women. The ballot was not needed, for citizenship was to be exercised through personal influence and moral suasion, through the election of men with strong moral character, and through raising public - spirited sons. The National Council position was integrated into its nation - building program that sought to uphold Canada as a White settler nation. While the women's suffrage movement was important for extending the political rights of White women, it was also authorized through race - based arguments that linked White women's enfranchisement to the need to protect the nation from`` racial degeneration.''" + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement." + ] + ], + [ + "The Blitz", + [ + "Some writers claim the Air Staff ignored a critical lesson, however: British morale did not break. Targeting German morale, as Bomber Command would do, was no more successful. Aviation strategists dispute that morale was ever a major consideration for Bomber Command. Throughout 1933–39 none of the 16 Western Air Plans drafted mentioned morale as a target. The first three directives in 1940 did not mention civilian populations or morale in any way. Morale was not mentioned until the ninth wartime directive on 21 September 1940. The 10th directive in October 1940 mentioned morale by name. However, industrial cities were only to be targeted if weather denied strikes on Bomber Command's main concern, oil." + ] + ], + [ + "Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat", + [ + "Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat is a 2009 documentary film, directed by Spencer Halpin, an American independent filmmaker. The title of the film is in part a reference to the \"Mortal Kombat\" series of video games. The title was changed from \"Moral Kombat\" to \"Spencer Halpin's Moral Kombat\" to avoid the risk of a lawsuit." + ] + ], + [ + "Criticism of Christianity", + [ + "The 16th-century Jewish theologian Isaac ben Abraham, who lived in Trakai, Lithuania, penned a work called Chizzuk Emunah (Faith Strengthened) that attempted to refute the ideas that Jesus was the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament and that Christianity was the \"New Covenant\" of God. He systematically identified a number of inconsistencies in the New Testament, contradictions between the New Testament and the Old Testament, and Old Testament prophesies which remained unfulfilled in Jesus' lifetime. In addition, he questioned a number of Christian practices, such as Sunday Sabbath. Written originally for Jews to persuade them not to convert to Christianity, the work was eventually read by Christians. While the well-known Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil attempted an elaborate refutation of Abraham's arguments, Wagenseil's Latin translation of it only increased interest in the work and inspired later Christian freethinkers. Chizzuk Emunah was praised as a masterpiece by Voltaire.On the other hand, Blaise Pascal believed that \"[t]he prophecies are the strongest proof of Jesus Christ\". He wrote that Jesus was foretold, and that the prophecies came from a succession of people over a span of four thousand years. Apologist Josh McDowell defends the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy as supporting Christianity, arguing that prophecies fulfilled by Christ include ones relating to his ancestral line, birthplace, virgin birth, miracles, manner of death, and resurrection. He says that even the timing of the Messiah in years and in relation to events is predicted, and that the Jewish Talmud (not accepting Jesus as the Messiah, see also Rejection of Jesus) laments that the Messiah had not appeared despite the scepter being taken away from Judah." + ] + ], + [ + "Supreme court", + [ + "The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin." + ] + ], + [ + "Indra's Net (book)", + [ + "Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity is a 2014 book by Rajiv Malhotra, an Indian-American author, philanthropist and public speaker, published by HarperCollins. The book is an appeal against the thesis of neo-Hinduism and a defense of Vivekananda's view of Yoga and Vedanta. The book argues for a unity, coherence, and continuity of the Yogic and Vedantic traditions of Hinduism and Hindu philosophy. It makes proposals for defending Hinduism from what the author considers to be unjust attacks from scholars, misguided public intellectuals, and hostile religious polemicists. A revised edition was published in 2016." + ] + ], + [ + "The Wandering Fire", + [ + "The Wandering Fire is a 1986 novel by Canadian fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay and the second novel of \"The Fionavar Tapestry\" trilogy. It follows \"The Summer Tree\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Sébastien Fath", + [ + "Sébastien Fath (born 1968 in Strasbourg) is a French professional historian and a Ph.D at the Sorbonne University. Also trained in Sociology, he is the main French specialist in the study of Evangelical Protestantism. Author of sixteen books, he is a permanent researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). He is a full member of the GSRL (Groupe Sociétés Religions Laïcités), a research team working on religion and secularism. As a social scientist and a citizen, cross-cultural reflexion on Civil Society, Politics and Religion is his focus." + ] + ], + [ + "Guy Sajer", + [ + "Guy Sajer (born Guy Mouminoux, 13 January 1927 in Paris), is a French writer, author of \"Le soldat oublié\" (1965, translated as \"The Forgotten Soldier\"), and a cartoonist under the pen names Dimitri, and Dimitri Lahache. He is the son of a French father and a German mother: Sajer is his mother's maiden name." + ] + ], + [ + "Protestantism", + [ + "All Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"Five solae\" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day." + ] + ], + [ + "Catholic Church in England and Wales", + [ + "The English Church was brought back under papal authority in 1553 and doctrinal and liturgical conformity at the beginning of the reign of Queen Mary I. The restoration of papal authority was celebrated by the majority of the nation and enforced by the Marian persecutions against Protestants. Her harshness was a success but at the cost of alienating a fairly large section of English society which had been moving away from some traditional Catholic devotional practices. The English it seems were quite caught up with the reforming movement on the Continent. At the time they were neither Calvinist nor Lutheran, but certainly leaning toward Protestantism (and by the late 16th century, were certainly Protestant)." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__529164_567566_84283", + "question": "Who is the owner of the record label that the performer of Think of Laura is on?", + "answer": "Warner Music Group", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Back of My Mind", + 0 + ], + [ + "Think of Laura", + 0 + ], + [ + "Warner Records", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)", + [ + "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label." + ] + ], + [ + "Back of My Mind", + [ + "Back of My Mind is the fourth studio album by singer Christopher Cross, released in 1988 through Warner Bros. Records. After both the album and its singles failed to chart in the United States (although \"I Will (Take You Forever)\" did chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general decline in sales beginning with \"Another Page\" (1983), Cross was soon released from Warner Bros. \"Swept Away\" was previously heard on a few episodes of the TV show \"Growing Pains\" in 1987. It would be nearly five years until Cross signed a new recording contract with BMG and release a new album, \"Rendezvous\", in 1993." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Bell", + [ + "Al Bell (born Alvertis Isbell, March 15, 1940) is an American record producer, songwriter, and record executive. He is best known as having been an executive and co-owner of Stax Records, based in Memphis, Tennessee, during the latter half of the label's 19-year existence." + ] + ], + [ + "Soundsigns", + [ + "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label." + ] + ], + [ + "Larry Norman", + [ + "Larry David Norman (April 8, 1947 – February 24, 2008) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, record label owner, and record producer. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of Christian rock music, and released more than 100 albums." + ] + ], + [ + "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm", + [ + "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session." + ] + ], + [ + "Hellos and Goodbyes", + [ + "Hellos & Goodbyes by Buck-O-Nine was released in 2000 on Offramp Records, and consists of fifteen tracks recorded at a live performance in Japan in 1999, plus five previously unreleased studio tracks. This album features drummer Jeff Hawthorne, who became the band's permanent drummer in 1998, and bassist John Bell, who joined the band just a few weeks prior to their tour of Japan. In fact, Bell's first live performances with the band were on this tour. The studio tracks were recorded later in 1999, at the same studio where \"Libido\" was recorded. Offramp Records was a label started by singer Jon Pebsworth and his wife Laura. The label also released an album by The Scrimmage Heroes, band Buck-O-Nine toured with on its last U.S. tour. The tour ended prematurely when John Bell became ill and required emergency surgery." + ] + ], + [ + "Tijuana Jazz", + [ + "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541." + ] + ], + [ + "Think of Laura", + [ + "\"Think of Laura\" is a popular song by the American Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter Christopher Cross. Released as a single in late 1983 from Cross' second studio album, \"Another Page\", \"Think of Laura\" became the singer's fourth (and, to date, final) single to reach the Top 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at #9 in early 1984. The song spent eleven weeks in the Top 40. In addition, the song became Cross' third single to hit #1 on the adult contemporary chart, following \"Never Be the Same\" and \"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)\". \"Think of Laura\" remained at #1 on this chart for four weeks. The song was written by Cross and produced by Michael Omartian." + ] + ], + [ + "Aretha Franklin", + [ + "After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke to record pop music. Serving as her manager, C.L. agreed to the move and helped to produce a two - song demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records, who agreed to sign her in 1960. Franklin was signed as a ``five - percent artist ''. During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to have his label, RCA sign Franklin. He had also been courted by local record label owner Berry Gordy to sign Franklin and her elder sister Erma to his Tamla label. Franklin's father felt the label was not established enough yet. Franklin's first Columbia single,`` Today I Sing the Blues'', was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top ten of the Hot Rhythm & Blues Sellers chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Bob Shad", + [ + "Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 – March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records." + ] + ], + [ + "It's What's Happenin'", + [ + "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Jazz Contemporary", + [ + "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn." + ] + ], + [ + "Three for Shepp", + [ + "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label." + ] + ], + [ + "Warner Records", + [ + "Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com" + ] + ], + [ + "The Main Attraction (album)", + [ + "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label." + ] + ], + [ + "Thinking of Home", + [ + "Thinking of Home is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on July 31, 1970 but not released by the Blue Note label until 1980. It features performances by Mobley with Woody Shaw, Cedar Walton, Eddie Diehl, Mickey Bass, and Leroy Williams and was Mobley's final recordings for Blue Note, and his 26th album on the label." + ] + ], + [ + "Something Personal", + [ + "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967." + ] + ], + [ + "Foolin' Myself", + [ + "Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label." + ] + ], + [ + "Graeme Goodall", + [ + "Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__81659_52835", + "question": "Who wrote Turn Me On by the singer of Come Away with Me?", + "answer": "John D. Loudermilk", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Come Away with Me", + 0 + ], + [ + "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Thirsty Boots", + [ + "\"Thirsty Boots\" is a Civil Rights era folksong by American singer-songwriter Eric Andersen that first appeared on his 1966 album \"'Bout Changes 'n' Things\". According to the album's liner notes, the song \"was written to a civil rights worker-friend. Having never gone down to Mississippi myself, I wrote the song about coming back.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "If You Go Away", + [ + "``If You Go Away ''is an adaptation of the 1959 Jacques Brel song`` Ne me quitte pas'' with English lyrics by Rod McKuen. Created as part of a larger project to translate Brel's work, ``If You Go Away ''is considered a pop standard and has been recorded by many artists, including Greta Keller, for whom some say McKuen wrote the lyrics." + ] + ], + [ + "Bring Your Smile Along", + [ + "Bring Your Smile Along is a 1955 American Technicolor comedy film by Blake Edwards. It was Edwards' directorial debut and the motion picture debut of Constance Towers. Edwards wrote the script for this Frankie Laine musical with his mentor, director Richard Quine. Songs Laine sang in the film included his 1951 hit \"The Gandy Dancers' Ball.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story", + [ + "Singer - songwriters Dan Bern and Mike Viola (of the Candy Butchers) wrote most of the film's songs, including ``There's a Change a Happenin ''',`` Mulatto'', ``A Life Without You (Is No Life at All) '',`` Beautiful Ride'' and ``Hole in My Pants ''. Charlie Wadhams wrote the song`` Let's Duet''. Marshall Crenshaw wrote the title song, and Van Dyke Parks penned the Brian Wilson-esque 1960s - styled psychedelic jam ``Black Sheep ''(the recording session seems to be a specific parody of Wilson's Smile album sessions, on which Van Dyke Parks worked). Antonio Ortiz wrote`` Take My Hand''. A number of critics noted the unusually high quality of many of the individual songs on the soundtrack, how well they reflected the styles and times they were attempting to parody, and how well they stood on their own as quality compositions. The soundtrack was nominated for both a Grammy and Golden Globe Award and was nominated and won the Sierra Award for Best Song in a Motion Picture from the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. John C. Reilly sang on all the tracks and played guitar on most of them." + ] + ], + [ + "Long Ago and Far Away (James Taylor song)", + [ + "Taylor wrote ``Long Ago and Far Away ''in 1970, about a year before it was recorded for Mud Slide Slim. Joni Mitchell sings background vocals and Carole King plays piano. It is a sad song that Taylor biographer Timothy White calls`` among the most wistful of Taylor's vast catalogue of secular hymns.'' The theme of the song is how things do n't turn out as planned, how dreams do n't usually match the ultimate reality and how expectations do n't last. The lyrics evoke a motif common in Taylor's songs, that of the sea and sailing away for one reason or another. Other images in the lyrics include ``tender dreams ''and`` broken glass.'' Towards the end of the song the singer asks why his song is so sad. The phrase ``long ago and far away ''never appears in the lyrics. Rather, Taylor sings that`` Long ago a young man sits and plays his waiting game.'' In 1998 Taylor noted that the lyrics in the second verse ``Love is just a word I've heard when things are being said ''was the`` most coherent'' part of the song for him at that time, stating that ``it is a musing on the nature of expectations, and how they do n't last." + ] + ], + [ + "You're So Good to Me", + [ + "\"You're So Good to Me\" is a song by American rock band The Beach Boys. It was originally released on June 5, 1965 by Capitol Records, on the album \"Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)\". The track was later included as the B-side of the group's single \"Sloop John B\", which was released on March 21, 1966. \"MOJO\" later wrote that the song was the closest the group had come to northern soul. Wilson wrote in 1990 that the track was \"spearheaded by a guitar sent through a Leslie organ speaker. It gave it an eerie effect.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch", + [ + "Jim Carrey sang this song in the 2000 live action film adaptation, Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas, as the Grinch himself." + ] + ], + [ + "Come on a Cone", + [ + "\"Come on a Cone\" is a song by American rapper and singer Nicki Minaj, taken from her sophomore studio album, \"\" (2012). Minaj, Garibay and Hit-Boy wrote it and Fernando Garibay & Hit-Boy produced it. Musically, it is a hardcore hip hop song that uses electronic beats. Lyrically, the song is rumored to be another diss song to Lil' Kim, following \"Roman's Revenge\" and \"Stupid Hoe\". \"Come on a Cone\" received mainly positive reviews from contemporary critics, while others criticized the chorus, calling it the main problem of the song." + ] + ], + [ + "Petticoat Junction", + [ + "Curt Massey sang the Petticoat Junction theme song. The song was composed by Massey and Paul Henning. Flatt and Scruggs recorded a version of the song ``Petticoat Junction ''." + ] + ], + [ + "Ann Hampton Callaway", + [ + "Ann Hampton Callaway (born May 30, 1958) is a jazz singer, songwriter, and actress. She wrote and sang the theme song for the TV series The Nanny." + ] + ], + [ + "In the Heat of the Night (TV series)", + [ + "The theme song, ``In the Heat of the Night, ''was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with`` They Call Me Mr. Tibbs'' on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series." + ] + ], + [ + "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", + [ + "Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song ``Sunday Morning Coming Down '', written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined. The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley." + ] + ], + [ + "Ingmar Bergman", + [ + "Ernst Ingmar Bergman was born on 14 July 1918 in Uppsala, Sweden, the son of Erik Bergman, a Lutheran minister and later chaplain to the King of Sweden, and Karin (\"née\" Åkerblom), a nurse who also had Walloon ancestors. He grew up with his older brother Dag and sister Margareta surrounded by religious imagery and discussion. His father was a conservative parish minister with strict ideas of parenting. Ingmar was locked up in dark closets for infractions such as wetting the bed. \"While father preached away in the pulpit and the congregation prayed, sang, or listened\", Ingmar wrote in his autobiography \"Laterna Magica\"," + ] + ], + [ + "1X Band", + [ + "1x Band is a musical band that represented Slovenia for the first time at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993. Their singer, Cole Moretti, sang the song Tih deževen dan, which finished in 22nd place." + ] + ], + [ + "Come Away with Me", + [ + "Come Away with Me is the first full - length album by vocalist Norah Jones, released by Blue Note Records on February 26, 2002. The album received Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on February 15, 2005, having shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. As of October 2016, the album has sold more than 27 million copies worldwide. Come Away with Me reached the top of the Billboard 200 chart and several jazz charts." + ] + ], + [ + "I Sang Dixie", + [ + "\"I Sang Dixie\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dwight Yoakam. It was released in October 1988 as the second single from his album \"Buenas Noches from a Lonely Room\". In 1989, \"I Sang Dixie\" went to number one on the US Country chart." + ] + ], + [ + "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)", + [ + "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)" + ] + ], + [ + "As Simple as That", + [ + "\"As Simple as That\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Mike Reid. It was released in July 1991 as the third single from his album \"Turning for Home\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1991. Reid wrote the song with Allen Shamblin." + ] + ], + [ + "Albert E. Brumley", + [ + "``I'll Fly Away, ''`` Turn Your Radio On,'' ``If We Never Meet Again (This Side of Heaven), ''`` I'll Meet You In The Morning,'' and ``He Set Me Free ''are among a host of favorites written by Albert E. Brumley. He wrote over 800 songs. He established the Albert E. Brumley Sundown to Sunup Gospel Sing (now Albert E. Brumley Gospel Sing) in 1969 in Springdale, Arkansas. Brumley has been inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, Gospel Music Hall of Fame, and Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame." + ] + ], + [ + "Here Comes My Baby (Dottie West song)", + [ + "\"Here Comes My Baby\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in June 1964 as the first single and title track from the album \"Here Comes My Baby\". West wrote the song with her then-husband Bill." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__135651_669373", + "question": "Which university employed the person that Mach bands are named after?", + "answer": "Charles University", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mach bands", + 0 + ], + [ + "Vinko Dvořák", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Speed Racer", + [ + "Speed Racer, also known as Mach GoGoGo (Japanese: マッハ GoGoGo, Hepburn: Mahha GōGōGō), is a Japanese media franchise about automobile racing. Mach GoGoGo was originally serialized in print in Shueisha's 1966 Shōnen Book. It was released in tankōbon book form by Sun Wide Comics, and later re-released in Japan by Fusosha. Adapted into anime by Tatsunoko Productions, its 52 episodes aired on Fuji TV from April 1967 to March 1968. The anime was later re-broadcast on Tokyo MX from July 1 to September 25, 2008." + ] + ], + [ + "Trojica u mraku", + [ + "Trojica u mraku is the fifth album of the Croatian rock band Aerodrom, released through Jugoton in 1986. The album was named after the comic book written by Andrija Maurović and introduces band's frontman Jurica Pađen as a producer. The band records as a trio, with Zlatan Živković returning, this time on drums. \"Trojica u mraku\" doesn't bring any successful single and the band broke up several months after the album was released. It was their last album until the reunion in 2000." + ] + ], + [ + "Affirmative action in the United States", + [ + "On July 26, Truman mandated the end of hiring and employment discrimination in the federal government, reaffirming FDR's order of 1941.:40 He issued two executive orders on July 26, 1948: Executive Order 9980 and Executive Order 9981. Executive Order 9980, named Regulations Governing for Employment Practices within the Federal Establishment, instituted fair employment practices in the civilian agencies of the federal government. The order created the position of Fair Employment Officer. The order \"established in the Civil Service Commission a Fair Employment Board of not less than seven persons.\" Executive Order 9981, named Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, called for the integration of the Armed Forces and the creation of the National Military Establishment to carry out the executive order." + ] + ], + [ + "Mach bands", + [ + "Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system." + ] + ], + [ + "Full-time", + [ + "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits." + ] + ], + [ + "Bowling for Soup", + [ + "Burney and Chandler soon formed the Folkadots, while Wiseman formed Gary & the Wiseman. Burney and Chandler, along with Morrill, also formed the band Slaw. Around this time, Reddick formed the band Terminal Seasons. Not too long after, Jaret Reddick and Lance Morrill formed coolfork!, which Chris Burney later joined. The band was in full swing by 1993, playing such venues as the Refuge. A few months later, after forming a band called Rubberneck, the group took the name Bowling for Soup (inspired by Bowling for Dollars) in 1994, and the band was officially formed in Wichita Falls on June 4, 1994 by Jaret Reddick (lead vocals, guitar), Chris Burney (guitar, backing vocals), Erik Chandler (bass, backing vocals, acoustic guitar), and Lance Morrill (drums, percussion, backing vocals). Morrill left the band in 1998 (on good terms) and was replaced by friend Gary Wiseman of Gary and the Wisemen. The band's name was derived from a comedy act by Steve Martin." + ] + ], + [ + "Sound barrier", + [ + "On 14 October 1947, just under a month after the United States Air Force had been created as a separate service, the tests culminated in the first manned supersonic flight, piloted by Air Force Captain Charles ``Chuck ''Yeager in aircraft # 46 - 062, which he had christened Glamorous Glennis. The rocket - powered aircraft was launched from the bomb bay of a specially modified B - 29 and glided to a landing on a runway. XS - 1 flight number 50 is the first one where the X-1 recorded supersonic flight, at Mach 1.06 (361 m / s, 1,299 km / h, 807.2 mph) peak speed; however, Yeager and many other personnel believe Flight # 49 (also with Yeager piloting), which reached a top recorded speed of Mach 0.997 (339 m / s, 1,221 km / h), may have, in fact, exceeded Mach 1. (The measurements were not accurate to three significant figures and no sonic boom was recorded for that flight.)" + ] + ], + [ + "Mach's principle", + [ + "In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of , Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that the existence of absolute rotation (the distinction of local inertial frames vs. rotating reference frames) is determined by the large-scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote:" + ] + ], + [ + "Xanax 25", + [ + "Xanax 25 is an American alternative rock group that formed in New York, NY in 1991. The band was originally named Sleeper, but was renamed due to trademark issues that arose. The band most often explained that they took the name after the brother to King Gelimer - \"Zano\". Xanax 25 found only modest success in their home country, but were significantly more successful in the Moldavian republic. The band disbanded in 1997 under somewhat mysterious circumstances." + ] + ], + [ + "Nasum", + [ + "Nasum (pronounced 'nah-zumm') was a grindcore band from Örebro, Sweden formed in 1992. The band released four studio albums, developed into \"one of that country's premier metal acts\" and disbanded after the December 2004 tsunami killed the band's frontman, Mieszko Talarczyk. The band's name, Latin for \"nose\", was taken from the horror film \"Flesh for Frankenstein.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Hong Kong Police Band", + [ + "The Hong Kong Police Band (Abbreviation: HKPB; ) is a ceremonial unit and a police band of the Hong Kong Police Force and is used for official events. It was established in 1954 and initially performed with the Hong Kong Police Silver Band (formed in 1951). Both bands merged to form a single band and was later renamed the Royal Hong Kong Police Pipe Band. The Pipe Band colours is the MacIntosh tartan and was adopted in memory of a former Commissioner of Police, Mr Duncan William MacIntosh, after which the MacIntosh Forts were also named." + ] + ], + [ + "Mikoyan MiG-31", + [ + "The MiG-25 underwent substantial design sacrifices in order to achieve high speed, altitude and rate of climb. However, it lacked maneuverability at interception speeds and was difficult to fly at low altitudes. The MiG-25's speed was limited to Mach 2.83, but it could reach a maximum speed of Mach 3.2 or more with the risk of engine damage." + ] + ], + [ + "Lamb of God (band)", + [ + "In 1994, guitarists Mark Morton and Matt Conner, bassist John Campbell and drummer Chris Adler started a band named Burn the Priest. The band members knew each other from the college they were all attending, Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond, Virginia. Morton and Conner left the band soon after its inception to pursue a master's degree and work on other bands respectively. Adler and Campbell replaced Morton with Abe Spear. For the next five years, the band practiced in Richmond and around Virginia. In 1995, the band released its self-titled first demo. After the demo, Burn the Priest recorded two split EPs with Agents of Satan and ZED respectively. After the band's first three demos, Burn the Priest added vocalist Randall Blythe to its line up." + ] + ], + [ + "Sound barrier", + [ + "One of the highest recorded instrumented Mach numbers attained for a propeller aircraft is the Mach 0.891 for a Spitfire PR XI, flown during dive tests at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough in April 1944. The Spitfire, a photo - reconnaissance variant, the Mark XI, fitted with an extended 'rake type' multiple pitot system, was flown by Squadron Leader J.R. Tobin to this speed, corresponding to a corrected true airspeed (TAS) of 606 mph. In a subsequent flight, Squadron Leader Anthony Martindale achieved Mach 0.92, but it ended in a forced landing after over - revving damaged the engine." + ] + ], + [ + "Made in USA (Sonic Youth album)", + [ + "Made in USA is an album by Sonic Youth, containing music the band scored for the 1987 film of the same name. The band recorded this material in 1986, shortly after the completion of their album \"EVOL\", but the album was not released until 1995. A soundtrack for the film was also released in 1987, but unlike this release, did not contain any of the original score the band created for the film." + ] + ], + [ + "Mach number", + [ + "The Mach number is named after Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, and is a designation proposed by aeronautical engineer Jakob Ackeret. As the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, with Mach, the number comes \"after\" the unit; the second Mach number is \"Mach2\" instead of \"2Mach\" (or Machs). This is somewhat reminiscent of the early modern ocean sounding unit \"mark\" (a synonym for fathom), which was also unit-first, and may have influenced the use of the term Mach. In the decade preceding faster-than-sound human flight, aeronautical engineers referred to the speed of sound as \"Mach's number\", never \"Mach 1\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Xenomorph (band)", + [ + "Xenomorph is a Dutch death metal band formed in 1994 in Leiden, the Netherlands. The band is named after the Xenomorphs, fictional extraterrestrial creatures created by the Swiss artist H.R. Giger and used in the Alien franchise." + ] + ], + [ + "Form I-9", + [ + "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner." + ] + ], + [ + "Josef Mach", + [ + "Josef Mach (25 February 1909 in Prostějov – 7 July 1987 in Prague) was a Czech actor, screenwriter and film director." + ] + ], + [ + "Vinko Dvořák", + [ + "He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__744371_78851", + "question": "Which New York City team does not host NBA games at the site where Jimmy Carter was nominated for president?", + "answer": "Brooklyn Nets NBA", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Sports in the New York metropolitan area", + 0 + ], + [ + "1976 Democratic National Convention", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Official game (baseball)", + [ + "Since most professional baseball games are nine innings long, the fifth inning is used as the threshold for an official game. If the visiting team is leading, or the game is tied, the end of the fifth inning marks this point. If the home team (which bats last) is already ahead in the score, and theoretically would not need its half of the fifth inning, then 41⁄2 innings (i.e., the middle of the fifth) is considered an official game. The game is also considered official if the home team scores to take the lead in the bottom of the fifth inning, since the game would end immediately if the same thing happened in the ninth." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Bulls", + [ + "The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team was founded on January 16, 1966. The team plays its home games at the United Center, an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL)." + ] + ], + [ + "Sports in the New York metropolitan area", + [ + "At Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season." + ] + ], + [ + "Fabiana da Silva Simões", + [ + "Fabiana da Silva Simões (born 4 August 1989), known as Fabiana or Fabiana Baiana (by adding the demonym of Bahia, her home state), is a Brazilian football defender who last played for F.C. Barcelona in the Primera División, and for the Brazil national team. In 2009 and 2010 she played professional club football in the United States with Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). As well as teams in her native Brazil, Fabiana has played for Sporting de Huelva of Spain's Primera División and WFC Rossiyanka of the Russian Top Division." + ] + ], + [ + "Exhibition game", + [ + "Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour." + ] + ], + [ + "Milwaukee Badgers", + [ + "The Milwaukee Badgers were a professional American football team, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, that played in the National Football League from 1922 to 1926. The team played its home games at Athletic Park, later known as Borchert Field, on Milwaukee's north side. The team was notable for having a large number of African-American players for the time." + ] + ], + [ + "Melbourne", + [ + "The city is home to many professional franchises/teams in national competitions including: cricket clubs Melbourne Stars, Melbourne Renegades and Victorian Bushrangers, which play in the Big Bash League and other domestic cricket competitions; soccer clubs Melbourne Victory and Melbourne City FC (known until June 2014 as Melbourne Heart), which play in the A-League competition, both teams play their home games at AAMI Park, with the Victory also playing home games at Etihad Stadium. Rugby league club Melbourne Storm which plays in the NRL competition; rugby union clubs Melbourne Rebels and Melbourne Rising, which play in the Super Rugby and National Rugby Championship competitions respectively; netball club Melbourne Vixens, which plays in the trans-Tasman trophy ANZ Championship; basketball club Melbourne United, which plays in the NBL competition; Bulleen Boomers and Dandenong Rangers, which play in the WNBL; ice hockey teams Melbourne Ice and Melbourne Mustangs, who play in the Australian Ice Hockey League; and baseball club Melbourne Aces, which plays in the Australian Baseball League. Rowing is also a large part of Melbourne's sporting identity, with a number of clubs located on the Yarra River, out of which many Australian Olympians trained. The city previously held the nation's premier long distance swimming event the annual Race to Prince's Bridge, in the Yarra River." + ] + ], + [ + "1976 Democratic National Convention", + [ + "The 1976 Democratic National Convention met at Madison Square Garden in New York City, from July 12 to July 15, 1976. The assembled United States Democratic Party delegates at the convention nominated former Governor Jimmy Carter of Georgia for President and Senator Walter Mondale of Minnesota for Vice President. John Glenn and Barbara Jordan gave the keynote addresses. Jordan's keynote address made her the first African-American woman to deliver the keynote address at a Democratic National Convention. It was listed as #5 in American Rhetoric's Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank). The convention was the first in New York City since the 103-ballot 1924 convention." + ] + ], + [ + "Green Bay Packers", + [ + "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957." + ] + ], + [ + "North Carolina", + [ + "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse." + ] + ], + [ + "Washington Capitals", + [ + "The Washington Capitals are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington, D.C. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment, headed by Ted Leonsis. From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre, in Landover, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, D.C.). In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena, their present home arena in Washington, D.C." + ] + ], + [ + "Chicago Cubs", + [ + "The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)" + ] + ], + [ + "Arena Football League", + [ + "For the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular season CBSSN broadcast games are usually on Saturday nights. As the games are being shown live, the start times are not uniform as with most football broadcast packages, but vary with the time zone in which the home team is located. This means that the AFL may appear either prior to or following the CBSSN's featured Major League Lacrosse game." + ] + ], + [ + "Jeff Allan", + [ + "Jeff Allan sometimes spelled Jeff Allen (born May 17, 1957) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played four games in the National Hockey League for the Cleveland Barons. He would also play two games in the World Hockey Association with the Cincinnati Stingers. As a youth, he played in the 1970 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Young Nationals minor ice hockey team." + ] + ], + [ + "Edna F. Kelly", + [ + "Kelly was born in East Hampton, New York. She graduated from Hunter College in 1928. She was a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention, 1952 Democratic National Convention, 1956 Democratic National Convention, 1960 Democratic National Convention, and 1968 Democratic National Convention. She was elected to Congress in 1949 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Andrew L. Somers and served from November 8, 1949 until January 3, 1969. She was part of the Democratic National Committee from 1956 until 1968." + ] + ], + [ + "Messehalle, Innsbruck", + [ + "Messehalle is a convention center and sports venue located in Innsbruck, Austria. The venue hosted some of the ice hockey games for both the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics." + ] + ], + [ + "New York City", + [ + "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps." + ] + ], + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage", + [ + "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League." + ] + ], + [ + "New Jersey Devils", + [ + "The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1974. The Scouts moved to Denver, Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies. In 1982, they moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey and took their current name. For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey, the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena (later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena). Before the 2007–08 season, the Devils moved to Prudential Center in Newark." + ] + ], + [ + "Everton F.C.", + [ + "The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of the Toxteth Tigers community youth programme which started in 1968. The team quickly became one of the most successful in the league winning the BBL Cup in 2009 and the play-offs in 2010. However Everton withdrew funding before the 2010–11 season and the team was re launched as the Mersey Tigers." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__807257_590611", + "question": "Who is a cast member of the show that contains the character Michael Knight?", + "answer": "Deanna Russo", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Michael Knight (Knight Rider)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Knight Rider (2008 TV series)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Knight Rider", + [ + "The original Knight Rider series followed the adventures of Michael Knight, a modern - day crime fighter who uses a technologically advanced, artificially intelligent automobile. This car is virtually indestructible, due to a high - tech coating applied to it. This series debuted in 1982 and ran for four seasons on NBC. These adventures were continued with the television films Knight Rider 2000 and Knight Rider 2010 and the short - lived Team Knight Rider. One other television movie, Knight Rider, served as a pilot for the 2008 television series Knight Rider. In 1985, a spin - off series, Code of Vengeance, also premiered." + ] + ], + [ + "The Conman", + [ + "The Conman is a 1998 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Wong Jing and starring Andy Lau, Athena Chu and Nick Cheung. Despite the Chinese title, which translates as \"Knight of Gamblers 1999\", Andy Lau does not reprise his role as the \"Knight of Gamblers\" from the \"God of Gamblers\" series, which was also directed by Wong Jing. The film was followed by a sequel \"The Conmen in Vegas\", which Lau and Cheung return with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu and Alex Man." + ] + ], + [ + "Saturday Night Live (season 5)", + [ + "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season." + ] + ], + [ + "Knights of Columbus", + [ + "The Knights of Columbus is the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization. Founded by Father Michael J. McGivney in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1882, it was named in honor of the mariner Christopher Columbus. Originally serving as a mutual benefit society to working class and immigrant Catholics in the United States, it developed into a fraternal benefit society dedicated to providing charitable services, promoting Catholic education and Catholic public policy positions, and actively defending Catholicism in various nations." + ] + ], + [ + "Knights of Columbus", + [ + "The Knights of Columbus is the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization. Founded by Father Michael J. McGivney in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1882, it was named in honor of the explorer Christopher Columbus. Originally serving as a mutual benefit society to working class and immigrant Catholics in the United States, it developed into a fraternal benefit society dedicated to providing charitable services, including war and disaster relief, actively defending Catholicism in various nations, and promoting Catholic education. The Knights also support the Catholic Church's positions on public policy issues. They have been active in resisting efforts at same - sex marriage and adoption." + ] + ], + [ + "Better Angels (The Walking Dead)", + [ + "Following the death of Dale Horvath in the previous episode, this episode presents a shift in attitudes amongst the group members. This episode features the death of Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal). This episode explores the depths of Shane's antagonistic behavior culminating in his murder of Randall (Michael Zegen) and ultimately a fatal confrontation with Rick where he meets his own untimely demise." + ] + ], + [ + "Harijan Sevak Sangh", + [ + "Harijan Sevak Sangh is a non-profit organisation founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 to eradicate untouchability in India, working for Harijan or Dalit people and upliftment of scheduled castes of India. It is headquartered at Kingsway Camp in Delhi, with branches in 26 states across India. Prof. Sankar Kumar Sanyal is its present president. (1)" + ] + ], + [ + "Jay Johnston", + [ + "Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series \"Mr. Show\" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on \"The Sarah Silverman Program\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Gujarat Legislative Assembly", + [ + "Gujarat Legislative Assembly or Gujarat Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the capital Gandhinagar. Presently, 182 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from the single - seat constituencies and one member is nominated. It has term of 5 years unless it is dissolved sooner. 13 constituencies are reserved for scheduled castes and 27 constituencies for scheduled tribes." + ] + ], + [ + "George Coe", + [ + "George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer." + ] + ], + [ + "Order of the British Empire", + [ + "The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign recipients, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders." + ] + ], + [ + "Michael Knight (Knight Rider)", + [ + "Michael Knight is a fictional character and the protagonist of the 1980s television series \"Knight Rider\", played by David Hasselhoff. The character first appeared in the opening scenes as Michael Long, played by Larry Anderson in the beginning of the pilot." + ] + ], + [ + "Two Figures", + [ + "Two Figures is a bronze sculpture by the English sculptor Barbara Hepworth, which was cast in an edition of seven copies. One of these is located in the grounds of the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Other casts are at Southampton University (on loan from the Hepworth Estate), the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art at the University of Oklahoma, Commonwealth Park in Canberra Australia, and the Hakone Open-Air Museum, Hakone, Japan. The series were cast at the Morris Singer Foundry in London from 1968 onwards. Another cast of this work could also be found at the University of Birmingham Vale site, but is no longer present as of January 2, 2012." + ] + ], + [ + "One Tree Hill (season 6)", + [ + "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale." + ] + ], + [ + "Knight Rider (2008 TV series)", + [ + "The series stars Justin Bruening as Mike Traceur, the estranged son of Michael Knight. The series also stars Deanna Russo as Sarah Graiman, Traceur's former girlfriend and love interest. Sarah is the daughter of Charles Graiman. Graiman, played by Bruce Davison, is the creator of a new generation of KITT (Knight Industries Three Thousand), which is voiced by Val Kilmer. The series was in production for just one season." + ] + ], + [ + "Palazzo della Carovana", + [ + "Palazzo della Carovana (also Palazzo dei Cavalieri) is a palace in Knights' Square, Pisa, Italy, presently housing the main building of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa." + ] + ], + [ + "Wet Hot American Summer", + [ + "Wet Hot American Summer is a 2001 American satirical comedy film directed by David Wain from a screenplay written by Wain and Michael Showalter. The film features an ensemble cast, including Janeane Garofalo, David Hyde Pierce, Molly Shannon, Paul Rudd, Christopher Meloni, Michael Showalter (and various other members of MTV's sketch comedy group \"The State\"), Elizabeth Banks, Ken Marino, Michael Ian Black, Bradley Cooper (in his film debut), Amy Poehler, Zak Orth, and A. D. Miles. The film takes place during the last full day at a fictional summer camp in 1981, and spoofs the sex comedies aimed at teen audiences of that era." + ] + ], + [ + "Christopher Masterson", + [ + "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson." + ] + ], + [ + "Wet Hot American Summer", + [ + "Wet Hot American Summer is a 2001 American satirical comedy film directed by David Wain from a screenplay written by Wain and Michael Showalter. The film features an ensemble cast, including Janeane Garofalo, David Hyde Pierce, Molly Shannon, Paul Rudd, Christopher Meloni, Michael Showalter (and various other members of MTV's sketch comedy group The State), Elizabeth Banks, Ken Marino, Michael Ian Black, Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler, Zak Orth, and A.D. Miles. The film takes place during the last full day at a fictional summer camp in 1981, and spoofs the sex comedies aimed at teen audiences of that era." + ] + ], + [ + "Brittany Petros", + [ + "Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition \"Big Brother\" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__20256_71302", + "question": "In The Godfather, who does the actor producing the Freddie Mercury film play?", + "answer": "Vito Corleone", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Queen (band)", + 0 + ], + [ + "The Godfather Part II", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Freddie Stroma", + [ + "Frederic Wilhelm C.J. Sjöström (born 8 January 1987), known professionally as Freddie Stroma, is a British actor and model, best known for playing Cormac McLaggen in the Harry Potter film series and Luke in the 2011 musical comedy film A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song. He starred as Adam Cromwell on the dramedy series Unreal, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2015. He starred as Brit Vayner in the 2016 Michael Bay war film, 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. In 2016, he played H.G. Wells in the ABC series, Time After Time." + ] + ], + [ + "A Letter to Freddy Buache", + [ + "A Letter to Freddy Buache () is a 1982 French short documentary film directed by Jean-Luc Godard and addressed to the Swiss film critic Freddy Buache. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival." + ] + ], + [ + "Play the Game (song)", + [ + "\"Play the Game\" is a song by British rock band Queen, written by Freddie Mercury. It is the first track on the first side of their 1980 album \"The Game\". It also appears on their \"Greatest Hits\" album. The single was a hit in the UK, reaching #14 in the charts, and in the US it peaked at #42." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen (band)", + [ + "In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert." + ] + ], + [ + "Robert Englund", + [ + "Robert Barton Englund (born June 6, 1947) is an American actor, voice actor, singer, and director, best known for playing the infamous serial killer Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street film series. He received a Saturn Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors in 1987 and A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master in 1988. Englund is a classically trained actor." + ] + ], + [ + "Jason Mewes", + [ + "Jason Edward Mewes (born June 12, 1974) is an American television and film actor, film producer and internet radio show host. He has played Jay, the vocal half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob, in longtime friend Kevin Smith's films." + ] + ], + [ + "Don't Stop Me Now", + [ + "``Do n't Stop Me Now ''is a song by the British rock band Queen, featured on their 1978 album Jazz that was released as a single in 1979. Written by lead singer Freddie Mercury, it was recorded in August 1978 at Super Bear Studios in Berre - les - Alpes (Alpes - Maritimes), France, and is the twelfth track on the album." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Viola", + [ + "Alfred Viola (June 16, 1919 – February 21, 2007) was an American jazz guitarist who worked with Frank Sinatra for 25 years and also played the mandolin on the soundtrack of the film \"The Godfather.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "Tom Hagen", + [ + "Thomas ``Tom ''Hagen is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's films The Godfather and The Godfather Part II. He is portrayed by Robert Duvall in the films." + ] + ], + [ + "I Was Born to Love You (song)", + [ + "``I Was Born to Love You ''Single by Freddie Mercury from the album Mr. Bad Guy B - side`` Stop All the Fighting'' Released 8 April 1985 Format 7 ''single Recorded 1984 Musicland Studios, Munich Genre Pop rock, disco Length 3: 37 (7'' and album version) 7: 03 (12 ''extended version) Label CBS Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Freddie Mercury and Reinhold Mack Freddie Mercury singles chronology ``Love Kills'' (1984)`` I Was Born to Love You ''(1985) ``Made in Heaven'' (1985)`` Love Kills ''(1984) ``I Was Born to Love You'' (1985)`` Made in Heaven ''(1985)" + ] + ], + [ + "Vito Corleone", + [ + "Vito Andolini Corleone is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's novel \"The Godfather\" and in the first two of Francis Ford Coppola's film trilogy. He is portrayed by Marlon Brando in \"The Godfather\" and then, as a young man, by Robert De Niro in \"The Godfather Part II\". He is an orphaned Sicilian immigrant who builds a Mafia empire. Upon his death, Michael, his youngest son, succeeds him as the don of the Corleone crime family." + ] + ], + [ + "John Cazale", + [ + "John Holland Cazale (/ kəˈzeɪl /; Italian pronunciation: (kaˈdzaːle); August 12, 1935 -- March 13, 1978) was an American actor. He appeared in five films over a period of six years, all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: The Godfather, The Conversation, The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon, and The Deer Hunter. He appeared in archival footage in The Godfather Part III, also nominated for Best Picture, making him the only actor to have this multi-film distinction. From his start as a theater actor, he became one of Hollywood's premier character actors, starting with his role as the doomed, weak - minded Fredo Corleone opposite longtime friend Al Pacino in Francis Ford Coppola's film The Godfather and its 1974 sequel. Cazale chose to continue acting despite being diagnosed with lung cancer. He died in New York City on March 13, 1978, shortly after completing his role in The Deer Hunter." + ] + ], + [ + "Al Neri", + [ + "Albert ``Al ''Neri is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's novel The Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer and assassin." + ] + ], + [ + "Nino Rota", + [ + "Giovanni ``Nino ''Rota (3 December 1911 -- 10 April 1979) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor and academic who is best known for his film scores, notably for the films of Federico Fellini and Luchino Visconti. He also composed the music for two of Franco Zeffirelli's Shakespeare films, and for the first two films of Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather trilogy, receiving the Academy Award for Best Original Score for The Godfather Part II (1974)." + ] + ], + [ + "Il figlioccio del padrino", + [ + "Il figlioccio del padrino (\"The Godson of the Godfather\") is a 1973 Italian comedy film directed by Mariano Laurenti. A parody of \"The Godfather\", it was mainly shot in Acireale. The film got a good commercial success, grossing about 500 million lire." + ] + ], + [ + "Joshua Gomez", + [ + "Joshua Eli Gomez (born November 20, 1975) is an American actor best known for his role as Morgan Grimes on \"Chuck\". He is the younger brother of actor Rick Gomez. Gomez appeared in a recurring role in the CBS series \"Without a Trace\" as computer tech James Mackeroy. He appeared in a series of IBM commercials, a series of Wendy's commercials (Ranch Tooth), and a commercial for Garmin. He also made a cameo on \"Freddy's Nightmares\". He played Sammy Stinger in \"Bring It On Again\", 2004." + ] + ], + [ + "Gustaf Skarsgård", + [ + "Gustaf Skarsgård was born in Stockholm, Sweden, to Swedish actor Stellan Skarsgård and his first wife, My, a physician. He has five siblings: Alexander, Sam, Bill, Eija and Valter, and two half-brothers Ossian and Kolbjörn from his father's second wife, Megan Everett. Alexander, Bill, and Valter are also actors. His godfather is Swedish actor Peter Stormare." + ] + ], + [ + "Lenny Montana", + [ + "Lenny Montana (born Leonardo Passafaro; March 13, 1926 -- May 12, 1992) was an American actor who played the role of feared hitman Luca Brasi in The Godfather. Prior to becoming an actor, he had a successful career as a professional wrestler as well as an enforcer for the Colombo family." + ] + ], + [ + "The Godfather Part II", + [ + "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City." + ] + ], + [ + "Queen (band)", + [ + "Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested \"Queen\" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004–09) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__391873_88622", + "question": "Who is the head of the agency that created MYSTIC?", + "answer": "ADM Michael S. Rogers", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Director of the National Security Agency", + 0 + ], + [ + "MYSTIC (surveillance program)", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Mr. Noodle", + [ + "Mr. Noodle and his siblings -- Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle -- are characters who appear in the ``Elmo's World ''segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of`` Elmo's World'', in short films for the program." + ] + ], + [ + "Zumbo's Just Desserts", + [ + "Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money." + ] + ], + [ + "Mystic Pizza", + [ + "The film is about the coming of age of two sisters and their friend through the romantic lives of the three main characters: Kat Arújo (Annabeth Gish), Daisy Arújo (Julia Roberts), and Jojo Barbosa (Lili Taylor), who are waitresses at Mystic Pizza owned by Leona (Conchata Ferrell) in Mystic, Connecticut. In the film, Mystic is represented as a fishing town with a large Portuguese-American population. The film also touches on an Old World work ethic." + ] + ], + [ + "WeiweiCam", + [ + "WeiweiCam is a self-surveillance project by artist Ai Weiwei, in China, that went live on April 3, 2012, exactly one year after the artist's detention by Chinese officials at Beijing Airport. At least fifteen surveillance cameras monitor his house in Beijing which, according to Ai, makes it the most-watched spot of the city. He described his decision to put himself under further surveillance as a symbolic way to increase transparency in the Chinese government. WeiweiCam consisted of four webcams that sent a live 24-hour feed publicly viewable from the website weiweicam.com. 46 hours after the site went live Ai Weiwei was instructed to shut down WeiweiCam by Chinese authorities. During the time weiweicam.com was live it received 5.2 million views." + ] + ], + [ + "Johannes Tauler", + [ + "Johannes Tauler OP (c. 1300 – 16 June 1361) was a German mystic, a Catholic preacher and a theologian. A disciple of Meister Eckhart, he belonged to the Dominican order. Tauler was known as one of the most important Rhineland mystics. He promoted a certain neo-platonist dimension in the Dominican spirituality of his time." + ] + ], + [ + "Type 639 oceanographic surveillance ship", + [ + "Type 639 is a type of ocean surveillance ship is the newest oceanographic surveillance ship (as of mid 2014) developed by China for its People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). A single unit of Type 639 with pennant number Bei-diao 991 is currently in service as an oceanographic research ship and five more modified version serving as hydrographic survey ships are designated as Type 639A" + ] + ], + [ + "Fogle Peak", + [ + "Fogle Peak () is a distinctive pointed peak, high, standing at the head of Kamb Glacier in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named in 1992 by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Benson Fogle, Program Manager for Upper Atmospheric Research, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1976–85." + ] + ], + [ + "Body of Christ", + [ + "As used by Saint Paul in the Pauline epistles it refers to the Christian Church as a group of believers. In Roman Catholic theology the use of the phrase ``mystical body ''distinguishes the mystical body of Christ, the Church, from the physical body of Christ, and from a`` moral body'' such as any club with a common purpose." + ] + ], + [ + "Director of the National Security Agency", + [ + "# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump" + ] + ], + [ + "Dominican Order", + [ + "The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences. Instead, their goal was to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely. The Dartford nuns were surrounded by all of these legacies, and used them to create something unique. Though they are not called mystics, they are known for their piety toward God and their determination to live lives devoted to, and in emulation of, Him." + ] + ], + [ + "Wydarzenia", + [ + "Wydarzenia (\"\"Events\"\") is the news program of the Polsat, Poland's second biggest television channel. The creator of \"\"Wydarzenia\"\" was Tomasz Lis in 2004. Currently, the editor-in-chief of the program is Dorota Gawryluk. The program is produced and aired from Polsat News studios in Warsaw." + ] + ], + [ + "List of Cincinnati Bearcats head football coaches", + [ + "The Cincinnati Bearcats football team represents the University of Cincinnati in the East Division of the American Athletic Conference (AAC), competing as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The program has had 39 head coaches and three interim coaches during its existence, as well as one stint with no coach and two periods with the program on hiatus. The Bearcats have been participating in college football since the 1885 season and were one of the first schools currently in the FBS to sponsor a football program. Luke Fickell is the current head coach; he replaced Tommy Tuberville following the latter's resignation at the end of the 2016 season." + ] + ], + [ + "MYSTIC (surveillance program)", + [ + "MYSTIC is a former secret program used since 2009 by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several countries. The program was first revealed in March 2014, based upon documents leaked by Edward Snowden." + ] + ], + [ + "Minnesota Golden Gophers football", + [ + "The Minnesota Golden Gophers football program represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. Founded in 1882, the program is one of the oldest in college football. Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships: 1904, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960. Since 2009, the Gophers have played all their home games at TCF Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In January 2017, the Gophers fired head coach Tracy Claeys and hired former Western Michigan head coach P.J. Fleck as the new head coach." + ] + ], + [ + "221st Military Intelligence Battalion", + [ + "The 221st Military Intelligence Battalion, based at the Gillem Enclave in Forest Park, Georgia, is a major battalion in the 560th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (United States) in the Army National Guard" + ] + ], + [ + "Dominican Order", + [ + "English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God." + ] + ], + [ + "TPH Club", + [ + "TPH Club as known as Tú Puedes Hacerlo was a Spanish children's program aired on Televisión Española between 13 September 1999 and September 2004 and hosted by Paloma Lago. The program was created by Antoni D'Ocon, the creator of Sylvan, Delfy and His Friends and Scruff." + ] + ], + [ + "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson", + [ + "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson is a one-hour special that aired on CBS on November 21, 1990. The program was a tribute to Muppet creator Jim Henson, who had died earlier in 1990 due to toxic shock syndrome caused by a streptococcus infection, and featured characters from \"The Muppet Show\", \"Fraggle Rock\", and \"Sesame Street\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Fred W. Friendly", + [ + "Fred W. Friendly (born Ferdinand Friendly Wachenheimer, October 30, 1915 – March 3, 1998) was a president of CBS News and the creator, along with Edward R. Murrow, of the documentary television program \"See It Now\". He originated the concept of public-access television cable TV channels." + ] + ], + [ + "Zumbo's Just Desserts", + [ + "Zumbo's Just Desserts is an Australian baking reality competition television program on the Seven Network. The program was developed by the creators of My Kitchen Rules. The program is hosted by Adriano Zumbo and Rachel Khoo, with Gigi Falanga as assistant. The series was won by Kate, who received $100,000 prize money and her dessert was featured in Zumbo's shop." + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "3hop1__28841_547811_41132", + "question": "How many times did the plague occur in the birth place of Concerto in C Major Op 3 6's composer?", + "answer": "22", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Mandolin", + 0 + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Black Death", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "Education", + [ + "Informal learning is one of three forms of learning defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Informal learning occurs in a variety of places, such as at home, work, and through daily interactions and shared relationships among members of society. For many learners this includes language acquisition, cultural norms and manners. Informal learning for young people is an ongoing process that also occurs in a variety of places, such as out of school time, in youth programs at community centers and media labs." + ] + ], + [ + "Mandolin", + [ + "Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo)." + ] + ], + [ + "Mexican passport", + [ + "1. Personally attend to any Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (SRE) delegation or SRE affiliated office, with an appointment. 2. Fill with black ink, and by hand and in print the application for an ordinary passport book (Form OP - 5). The application can be obtained for free at any of the branches of the SRE or the Office of State or Municipal Liaison SRE. 3. Proof of Mexican nationality by presenting an original and a photocopy of any of the following documents: a) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by the Mexican civil registry office. Birth registration should not be time - barred (must have occurred within the first three years of life), if exceeded temporality, see section ``Additional Documentation for birth certificates with untimely registration ''; b) Certified copy of birth certificate issued by a consular office abroad *. c) Certificate * Copy of Mexican nationality; d) Declaration of Mexican nationality by birth *; e) Naturalization Certificate *, and f) Certificate of Citizenship Identity issued by the Secretary of the Interior" + ] + ], + [ + "Piano Sonata in A minor, D 784 (Schubert)", + [ + "Franz Schubert's Piano Sonata in A minor, D 784 (posthumously published as Op. 143), is one of Schubert's major compositions for the piano. Schubert composed the work in February 1823, perhaps as a response to his illness the year before. It was however not published until 1839, eleven years after his death. It was given the opus number 143 and a dedication to Felix Mendelssohn by its publishers. The D 784 sonata, Schubert's last to be in three movements, is seen by many to herald a new era in Schubert's output for the piano, and to be a profound and sometimes almost obsessively tragic work." + ] + ], + [ + "Overture in the French style, BWV 831", + [ + "The Overture in the French style, BWV 831, original title Ouvertüre nach Französischer Art, also known as the French Overture and published as the second half of Clavier-Übung II in 1735 (paired with the \"Italian Concerto\"), is a suite in B minor for two-manual harpsichord written by Johann Sebastian Bach. An earlier version of this work exists, in the key of C minor (BWV 831a); the work was transposed into B minor to complete the cycle of tonalities in Parts One and Two of the Clavier-Übung. The keys of the six Partitas (B major, C minor, A minor, D major, G major, E minor) form a sequence of intervals going up and then down by increasing amounts: a second up (B to C), a third down (C to A), a fourth up (A to D), a fifth down (D to G), and finally a sixth up (G to E). The key sequence continues into \"Clavier-Übung II\" (1735) with two larger works: the Italian Concerto, a seventh down (E to F), and the French Overture, an augmented fourth up (F to B). Thus this sequence of customary tonalities for 18th-century keyboard compositions is complete, extending from the first letter of his name (Bach's \"home\" key, B, in German is B) to the last letter of his name (B in German is H)." + ] + ], + [ + "Frédéric Chopin", + [ + "In September 1828 Chopin, while still a student, visited Berlin with a family friend, zoologist Feliks Jarocki, enjoying operas directed by Gaspare Spontini and attending concerts by Carl Friedrich Zelter, Felix Mendelssohn and other celebrities. On an 1829 return trip to Berlin, he was a guest of Prince Antoni Radziwiłł, governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer and aspiring cellist. For the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda, he composed his Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3." + ] + ], + [ + "Maurice Steger", + [ + "In addition, Maurice Steger has recorded several albums, many of which have been crowned with international awards, including Vivaldi's concertos for recorder, the Telemann flute quartets for Deutsche Grammophon (with Reinhard Goebel and the Musica Antiqua Köln). Steger records for harmonia mundi. He won the most important classical awards for his projects, the solo concerts of Telemann with the Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin and the album Giuseppe Sammartini (2007) with his own consort. The latest recordings are an album of early Baroque music, \"Venezia 1625\", a dazzling CD with Corelli Concertos \"Mr. Corelli in London\" and \"Una Follia di Napoli\" with Concertos by Southern Italian Composers (2013)." + ] + ], + [ + "Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Weber)", + [ + "Carl Maria von Weber wrote his Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E major, Op. 74, J. 118 in 1811, and premiered on December 25, 1813. It is composed of three movements:" + ] + ], + [ + "Manon Gropius", + [ + "Alma Manon Gropius (October 5, 1916 – April 22, 1935) was the daughter of the architect Walter Gropius and the composer and diarist Alma Mahler and the stepdaughter of the novelist and poet Franz Werfel. She is a \"Randfigur\" (peripheral person) whose importance lies in her key relationships to major figures: a muse who inspired the composer Alban Berg as well as Werfel and the Nobel Prize-winning writer Elias Canetti. Manon Gropius is most often cited as the \"angel\" and dedicatee of Berg's Violin Concerto (1935)." + ] + ], + [ + "Cello Concerto No. 2 (Haydn)", + [ + "Joseph Haydn's Concerto No. 2 in D Major for cello and orchestra, Hob. VIIb/2, Op. 101, was composed in 1783 for Antonín Kraft, a cellist of Prince Nikolaus's Esterházy Orchestra." + ] + ], + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth", + [ + "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade." + ] + ], + [ + "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", + [ + "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli." + ] + ], + [ + "Frédéric Chopin", + [ + "The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—\"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and the German sonata principle\". The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, \"worthy of Brahms\" according to the music historians Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson." + ] + ], + [ + "Jennifer Higdon", + [ + "Jennifer Higdon (born December 31, 1962) is an American composer of classical music and composition teacher. She has received many awards including the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Music for her Violin Concerto and a 2009 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition for her Percussion Concerto." + ] + ], + [ + "Pezzo capriccioso", + [ + "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his Pezzo capriccioso, Op. 62, for cello and orchestra in a single week in August 1887. Belying its title, this work is written in the somber key of B minor, the same key as the Symphony No. 6 \"Pathétique\". The \"Pezzo\" is not capricious in a lighthearted sense. The \"capriccioso\" aspect comes from Tchaikovsky's fanciful treatment of various aspects of the work's simple theme. Despite some rapid passages and a turn to the major key, Tchaikovsky preserves the basic pulse and sober mood throughout the piece." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654." + ] + ], + [ + "Black Death", + [ + "Other forms of plague have been implicated by modern scientists. The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of 30–75% and symptoms including fever of 38–41 °C (100–106 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. Left untreated, of those that contract the bubonic plague, 80 percent die within eight days. Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent. Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. As the disease progresses, sputum becomes free flowing and bright red. Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate near 100%. Symptoms are high fevers and purple skin patches (purpura due to disseminated intravascular coagulation). In cases of pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague, the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes." + ] + ], + [ + "Violin Concerto (Nielsen)", + [ + "Carl Nielsen's Concerto for Violin and orchestra, op. 33 [D.F.61] was written for Hungarian violinist Dr. Emil Telmányi, Nielsen's son-in-law, in 1911. The concerto has three movements , including a slow prelude." + ] + ], + [ + "Antonio Vivaldi", + [ + "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (Italian: (anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi); 4 March 1678 -- 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and cleric. Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe. He composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas. His best - known work is a series of violin concertos known as the Four Seasons." + ] + ], + [ + "Frédéric Chopin", + [ + "Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that \"his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual.\"" + ] + ] + ] + }, + { + "_id": "2hop__58111_7298", + "question": "Who started his career on adult contemporary radio along with the person who plays andy bernard's brother on the office?", + "answer": "Michael Bublé", + "supporting_facts": [ + [ + "Garden Party (The Office)", + 0 + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + 0 + ] + ], + "context": [ + [ + "WFMK", + [ + "WFMK (99.1 FM) is an adult contemporary radio station licensed to East Lansing, Michigan and serving the Lansing radio market. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and broadcasts in HD radio." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years is that many adult contemporary stations play less newer music because they also give ample airtime to hits of the past, so the de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart." + ] + ], + [ + "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", + [ + "``I Can Only Imagine ''was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with`` Word of God Speak'') was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, ``I Can Only Imagine ''earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best - selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone." + ] + ], + [ + "CJCW", + [ + "CJCW is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 590 AM in Sussex, New Brunswick. The station plays an adult contemporary format and is owned & operated by the Maritime Broadcasting System. The station has been on the air since June 1975." + ] + ], + [ + "Garden Party (The Office)", + [ + "Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) decides to throw a garden party at Schrute Farms to impress his parents and Robert California (James Spader), and exhaustively explains party manners to the office workers. Andy is jealous at the amount of attention his younger brother Walter Bernard, Jr. (Josh Groban) receives from his father, and thinks that by throwing an elaborate party he can ensure his father's blessings. At first, the party goes along smoothly. Andy makes a toast to Robert in order to get his fellow employees to toast him, as if to show to his parents and California that he is valued by his employees. His plan backfires, however, and instead more people toast Robert. To get everybody's mind off of Robert, Andy decides to sing ``More Than Words ''as a duet with his father. This too goes awry as his father corrects his playing and singing, and ultimately decides to sing a duet with Walter Jr. instead of Andy. Upset, Andy takes his guitar and storms off. His father confronts him privately about his outburst, and when Andy admits to trying to win his father's affection, he reacts with annoyance. This conversation is overheard by the other staff on the baby monitor Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) brought for their daughter, and Pam quickly turns off the monitor to let Andy save face. Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) and Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez) confide to the camera that they now understand why Andy feels he needs to prove himself to everyone. After his family leaves, a dejected Andy, feeling unwanted by his family and co-workers, says goodbye to the office staff as they turn the garden party into a barbecue. Darryl and Oscar, however, convince Andy to stay with a cheeseburger and a beer." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, \"We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play\". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: \"In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life.\"" + ] + ], + [ + "WJPZ-FM", + [ + "WJPZ-FM is a student run college radio station at Syracuse University in New York. It broadcasts at 89.1 FM at an effective radiated power of 1000 watts and can be heard throughout Syracuse, the rest of Onondaga County, and beyond to the north and east. WJPZ primarily programs a Contemporary Hit Radio, Top 40 radio format. A notable amount of airtime during the academic year is devoted to sports talk and live play-by-play coverage of select local sporting events." + ] + ], + [ + "I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)", + [ + "``I Can Only Imagine ''was released in 2001 as the album's lead single. It gained significant airplay on Christian radio formats before crossing over to mainstream radio formats such as adult contemporary and Top 40 in late 2003 and into 2004; to aid in promotion to these markets, a double A-side physical single (combined with`` Word of God Speak'') was released in 2003. It charted on several formats, including the Billboard Adult Contemporary (where it peaked at No. 5) and the Hot 100 (where it peaked at No. 71). In 2002, ``I Can Only Imagine ''earned the Dove Awards for 'Pop / Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year' and 'Song of the Year'; Millard earned the Dove Award 'Songwriter of the Year' at the same ceremony. With 2.5 million copies sold, it is the best - selling Christian single of all time, having been certified 3x platinum by the RIAA. As of 2018, it is the only Christian song to reach that milestone." + ] + ], + [ + "CKCW-FM", + [ + "CKCW-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 94.5 FM in Moncton, New Brunswick. The station plays a hot adult contemporary format branded as \"K94.5\" and is owned by the Maritime Broadcasting System." + ] + ], + [ + "WXKC", + [ + "WXKC (99.9 FM, \"Classy 100\") is a radio station in Erie, Pennsylvania. It plays adult contemporary music and is owned by Cumulus Media." + ] + ], + [ + "CFVR-FM", + [ + "CFVR-FM is a Canadian radio station serving Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, broadcasting at 103.7 FM with a hot adult contemporary format branded on-air as Mix 103.7." + ] + ], + [ + "WRNJ", + [ + "WRNJ (1510 AM) is a radio station in Hackettstown, New Jersey broadcasting an adult contemporary format. The station is owned locally by WRNJ Radio, Inc. and features programing from ABC News Radio." + ] + ], + [ + "CKSY-FM", + [ + "CKSY-FM is a radio station located in Chatham-Kent, Ontario. Owned by Blackburn Radio, the station broadcasts an adult contemporary format on 94.3 FM. CKSY is co-owned with adult-hits station CKUE-FM and country-formatted CFCO-AM-FM." + ] + ], + [ + "Light Sings", + [ + "\"Light Sings\" is a song written by Will Holt and Gary William Friedman and performed by The 5th Dimension. It reached #12 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart, #15 on the Canadian adult contemporary chart, #22 on the Canadian pop chart, and #44 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1971. It was featured on their 1971 album, \"Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes\"." + ] + ], + [ + "CJRL-FM", + [ + "CJRL-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 89.5 FM in Kenora, Ontario. The station broadcasts an adult contemporary format branded as 89.5 The Lake." + ] + ], + [ + "WOKH", + [ + "WOKH (102.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Springfield, Kentucky, as well as Lebanon, Kentucky and Bardstown, Kentucky. The station is owned by WBRT, through licensee Bardstown Radio Team, LLC. It airs an Adult Contemporary music format." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "On April 7, 1979, the Easy Listening chart officially became known as Adult Contemporary, and those two words have remained consistent in the name of the chart ever since. Adult contemporary music became one of the most popular radio formats of the 1980s. The growth of AC was a natural result of the generation that first listened to the more \"specialized\" music of the mid-late 1970s growing older and not being interested in the heavy metal and rap/hip-hop music that a new generation helped to play a significant role in the Top 40 charts by the end of the decade." + ] + ], + [ + "WEBZ", + [ + "WEBZ is a commercial Urban Adult Contemporary radio station located in Mexico Beach, Florida (Panama City metro). Owned by iHeartMedia, the station broadcasts at 99.3 MHz. WEBZ airs an Urban Adult Contemporary format branded as \"99-3 The Beat\"." + ] + ], + [ + "Adult contemporary music", + [ + "While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts." + ] + ], + [ + "WAJI", + [ + "WAJI (95.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, the station is currently owned by Sarkes Tarzian, Inc." + ] + ] + ] + } +] \ No newline at end of file