diff --git "a/datasets/questions/hypertension.json" "b/datasets/questions/hypertension.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/datasets/questions/hypertension.json" @@ -0,0 +1,6018 @@ +[ + { + "question": "What are the potential consequences of increasing the implementation of renal denervation, particularly concerning long-term outcomes and complications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "IMPACT OF SCALING UP RENAL DENERVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Fourth, related to the lack of outcomes data, the potentially \u2018always on\u2019 effect of renal denervation could backfire if late complications emerge." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is defined as having an office blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher despite being on three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at their maximum tolerated doses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATMENT-RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "True treatment-resistant hypertension Office BP \u2265140/90 mmHg despite 3 or more BP-lowering medications at maximally tolerated doses, including a diuretic." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of consumption was investigated in relation to electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters in the randomized trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIGH-VOLUME ENERGY DRINK CONSUMPTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Impact of high-volume energy drink consumption on electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters: a randomized trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What does BP stand for in the context of medication needed to manage blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Treatment beliefs: Towhat extent is treatment necessary? Taking BP-lowering medication daily is necessary to keep your BP under control." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What types of complications have been noted after renal denervation procedures, particularly concerning vascular access?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MAJOR FEMORAL ARTERY VASCULAR ACCESS COMPLICATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "However, the rate of major bleeding and major femoral artery vascular access complications after renal denervation procedures is noted, though most trials to date were not powered for safety outcomes and that the task force could find no published meta-analysis data on exact rates of major bleeding and major femoral artery vascular access complications after renal denervation procedures." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the application of evidence-based guidelines in real-world settings to improve patient outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL PRACTICE" + ], + "context": [ + "Implementation of evidence-based guidelines in real-world clinical practice." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the categorization system that evaluates the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations in clinical guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLASS OF RECOMMENDATION" + ], + "context": [ + "The abbreviation and definitions such as BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Class of recommendation; Level of evidence." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the estimated number of individuals worldwide who have kidney diseases?", + "golden_answers": [ + "850 MILLION INDIVIDUALS" + ], + "context": [ + "A single number for advocacy and communication\u2014worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the expectations regarding the effectiveness of renal denervation in lowering blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROMISE OF RENAL DENERVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Despite the clear promise of renal denervation in reducing BP, there are some concerns that warrant consideration." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of prevention is being investigated in relation to pharmacological blood pressure lowering for cardiovascular disease, according to the meta-analysis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRIMARY PREVENTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe conditions that mimic resistance to blood pressure-lowering treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PSEUDO-RESISTANCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Table 11 Conditions found to cause pseudo-resistance or resistance to blood pressure-lowering treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of beverages, along with soft drinks, should be discouraged for consumption starting at a young age?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRUIT JUICES" + ], + "context": [ + "It is also recommended to discourage consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, starting at a young age." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of therapy has been shown in RCTs to be more effective for cardiovascular disease outcomes when compared to multiple monotherapies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SINGLE-PILL COMBINATION THERAPY" + ], + "context": [ + "RCTs comparing single-pill combination therapy with fixed doses vs. multiple monotherapies and their effects on CVD outcomes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor should be considered when selecting the appropriate cuff size for a validated device?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARM CIRCUMFERENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Use a validated device with an appropriate cuff size based on arm circumference." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What dietary change was examined in the DECIDE-Salt trials, which focused on its impact on cardiovascular health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SODIUM RESTRICTION" + ], + "context": [ + "And Diet, ExerCIse and carDiovascular hEalth-Salt (DECIDE-Salt) trials was compelling, even though sodium restriction in these trials was not below 2g/day." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What terms refer to conditions that may limit or restrict the recommendation of exercise for pregnant women?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CONTRAINDICATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "low- to moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in all pregnant women without contraindications to reduce the risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What daily sodium intake levels have been shown to improve blood pressure according to trial evidence?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SODIUM INTAKES OF <1.5 G/DAY" + ], + "context": [ + "Trial evidence for the BP-lowering benefits of salt reduction extend down to daily sodium intakes of <1.5 g/day." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the page numbers for the study published in the Lancet in 2018?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2052\u201390" + ], + "context": [ + "Lancet 2018; 392:2052\u201390." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What medical condition is being assessed in the systematic review regarding its association with various other health issues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The systematic review assesses the association between cognitive impairment and various medical conditions." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on sympathetic activity and blood pressure increases with bladder distension in humans?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FAGIUS J" + ], + "context": [ + "Fagius J, Karhuvaara S. Sympathetic activity and blood pressure increases with bladder distension in humans." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What equipment should be positioned at the level of the heart with the patient's back and arm supported during a blood pressure measurement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP CUFF" + ], + "context": [ + "Place the BP cuff at the level of the heart with the patient's back and arm supported." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of disease is associated with a J-shaped curve of blood pressure in patients with diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE" + ], + "context": [ + "9.6.2. J-shaped curve of blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What biomarker is indicated to be elevated if a patient's NT-proBNP level exceeds 125 pg/mL for those under 75 years old or 450 pg/mL for those aged 75 years and older?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NT-PROBNP" + ], + "context": [ + "hs-cTnT or I >99th percentile upper reference limit, NT-proBNP >125 pg/mL if age <75 years or >450 pg/mL if \u226575 years." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who may have a lower long-term risk of cardiovascular disease associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OLDER PREGNANT WOMEN" + ], + "context": [ + "The relative long-term CVD risk associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may also be higher in younger vs. older pregnant women." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the updated guidelines released by the European Society of Cardiology in 2023 for managing heart failure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESC GUIDELINES FOR HEART FAILURE" + ], + "context": [ + "2023 focused update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe hypertension that remains above target levels despite the use of five or more medications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REFRACTORY HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "These ESC Guidelines do not include the terms \u2018controlled resistant hypertension\u2019 (BP at target but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not at target despite \u22655 medications)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment is recommended as initial therapy for most patients with confirmed hypertension, according to trial evidence for more effective blood pressure control compared to monotherapy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMBINATION BP-LOWERING TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Given trial evidence for more effective BP control vs. monotherapy, combination BP-lowering treatment is recommended for most patients with confirmed hypertension (BP \u2265140/90 mmHg) as initial therapy." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of events in chronic kidney disease are positively influenced by lowering blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure lowering in chronic kidney disease is associated with beneficial effect on CVD events and mortality." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on isolated systolic hypertension of the young and its association with central blood pressure in the HELIUS study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EEFTINCK SCHATTENKERK DW" + ], + "context": [ + "Eeftinck Schattenkerk DW, van Gorp J, Vogt L, Peters RJ, van den Born BH. Isolated systolic hypertension of the young and its association with central blood pressure in a large multi-ethnic population. The HELIUS study." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key factor that helps improve adherence to blood pressure management and empowers individuals in their health journey?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENT EDUCATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient education plays a significant role in encouraging adherence and empowering individuals to manage their BP effectively." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the challenge of managing patients with both supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL CONUNDRUM" + ], + "context": [ + "Managing patients with supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension is a common clinical conundrum." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the individuals primarily benefiting from collaborative healthcare approaches?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STROKE SURVIVORS" + ], + "context": [ + "the significance of collaborative healthcare approaches for stroke survivors." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What year was the article published in the journal Nature Reviews Nephrology that discusses advancements in nephrology?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2018" + ], + "context": [ + "Nat Rev Nephrol 2018;14:428\u201341. https:/ /doi.org/10. 1038/s41581-018-0006-6" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study was conducted to analyze the relationship between psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Meta-analysis of psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What clinical condition necessitates a complex work-up and may require technologies beyond the capabilities of general practitioners?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "The work-up of patients presumed to have resistant hypertension is complex and often requires technologies that are not available to GPs." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term do we use to describe a person with a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk of 10% or greater?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INCREASED RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "We use the terms \u2018sufficiently high risk\u2019 or \u2018increased risk\u2019 to describe a person with 10-year CVD risk of \u226510%." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who were the lead authors of the INTERACT3 trial on blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral hemorrhage?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MA L" + ], + "context": [ + "Ma L, Hu X, Song L, et al. conducted the INTERACT3 trial on blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral hemorrhage." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who were the participants in the study that met the inclusion criteria for SPRINT?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS" + ], + "context": [ + "community-dwelling adults meeting inclusion criteria for SPRINT." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of evidence has shown that screening increases hypertension detection despite uncertainty about its impact on CVD outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STUDIES" + ], + "context": [ + "Despite ongoing uncertainty about the effect of hypertension screening programmes on CVD outcomes, many studies have demonstrated that screening... increases hypertension detection." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the key elements assessed in the study on cardiovascular disease among individuals living with HIV?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RISK FACTORS" + ], + "context": [ + "Temporal trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors after transition to living with HIV." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What concept is discussed in Johnston GD's study regarding the effects of antihypertensive drugs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS" + ], + "context": [ + "Johnston GD. Dose-response relationships with antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacol Ther." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What treatment option has been found to be more effective for renal-artery stenosis compared to medical therapy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REVASCULARIZATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of individuals' experiences does the paper examine in relation to their exercise habits, particularly focusing on differences between genders?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REPORTED QUALITY OF LIFE" + ], + "context": [ + "The paper also discusses gender differences in why people exercise and their reported quality of life." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the treatment goals for managing blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease to improve mortality outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INTENSIVE BLOOD PRESSURE TARGETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Mortality outcomes with intensive blood pressure targets in chronic kidney disease patients." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the specific article code or identifier associated with the BMJ publication from 2013?", + "golden_answers": [ + "F5680" + ], + "context": [ + "BMJ 2013; 347:f5680." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are indicators that suggest the presence of hypertensive organ damage (HMOD) in patients at increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARKERS OF HMOD" + ], + "context": [ + "This latter consideration is particularly relevant in the presence of increased CVD risk or markers of HMOD." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to refer to the blood pressure reading that is measured when the heart is at rest between beats, specifically in the range of 70\u201384 mmHg for diagnosing elevated BP?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIASTOLIC BP" + ], + "context": [ + "An average systolic BP of 120\u2013134 mmHg or diastolic BP of 70\u201384 mmHg should be used to diagnose elevated BP." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What serious health condition are patients with significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis particularly at risk of developing?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "Patients with significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis are at very high risk of CVD and renal events." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on blood pressure thresholds and cardiovascular risk mentioned in the cohort study conducted in English primary care?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HERRETT E" + ], + "context": [ + "Herrett E, Strongman H, Gadd S, Tomlinson L, Nitsch D, Bhaskaran K,etal. The importance of blood pressure thresholds versus predicted cardiovascular risk on subsequent rates of cardiovascular disease: a cohort study in English primary care." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What health condition is addressed in the article by Houle SK, Chatterley T, and Tsuyuki RT regarding multidisciplinary management approaches?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Houle SK, Chatterley T, Tsuyuki RT. Multidisciplinary approaches to the management of high blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of individuals are being considered for treatment despite having elevated blood pressure according to the recent findings?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOW CVD-RISK INDIVIDUALS" + ], + "context": [ + "Clinical benefits of treating low CVD-risk individuals with elevated BP and further data strengthening the use of BP-lowering medication among high-risk persons with baseline systolic BP of 120\u2013129 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of stroke, which is often treated differently than hemorrhagic stroke, is characterized by a blockage of blood flow to the brain?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ISCHEMIC STROKE" + ], + "context": [ + "Stroke is often classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types, influencing treatment options." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is associated with low potassium levels and has a screening rate of only around 4% among eligible patients with primary aldosteronism?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPOKALAEMIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Despite these numbers, screening rates for primary aldosteronism, even in high-risk groups such as those with resistant hypertension and hypokalaemia, are low (around 2% and 4% of eligible patients, respectively)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is specifically addressed in the review and meta-analysis regarding the accuracy and clinical relevance of blood pressure measurement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ATRIAL FIBRILLATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation: review and meta-analysis of evidence on accuracy and clinical relevance." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What health events are associated with non-adherence to blood pressure-lowering therapy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Non-adherence to BP-lowering therapy correlates with a higher risk of CVD events." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who conducted a study on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COWELL ET AL." + ], + "context": [ + "Study by Cowell et al. on effects of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What do AOBP monitors take multiple measurements of during their monitoring process?", + "golden_answers": [ + "READINGS" + ], + "context": [ + "AOBP monitors typically make three or six readings at 1-min intervals and provide an average." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key benefits of implementing lifestyle modifications for individuals with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OVERALL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in controlling hypertension and overall health improvement." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study design was used to investigate the association between exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise and the risk for masked hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "In a meta-analysis, an exaggerated BP response to exercise was associated with an increased risk for masked hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on new perspectives for hypertension management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARATI G" + ], + "context": [ + "Parati G, Goncalves A, Soergel D, Bruno RM, Caiani EG, Gerdts E. New perspectives for hypertension management: progress in methodological and technological developments." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What serious cardiovascular condition are patients with psoriasis at increased risk for?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with psoriasis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the specific characteristics of hypertension that vary between Africans and Europeans?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION PHENOTYPES" + ], + "context": [ + "Differences in hypertension phenotypes between Africans and Europeans: role of environment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What kind of team is recommended to evaluate the indication and perform procedures for hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MULTIDISCIPLINARY HYPERTENSION TEAM" + ], + "context": [ + "A multidisciplinary hypertension team, including experts in hypertension and percutaneous cardiovascular interventions, is recommended to evaluate the indication and to perform the procedure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the DOI for the scientific statement on renovascular disease published in Hypertension in 2022 by Bhalla V and colleagues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DOI.ORG/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000217" + ], + "context": [ + "Bhalla V, Textor SC, Beckman JA, et al. produced a scientific statement published in Hypertension 2022 regarding renovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of diabetes is mentioned as relevant for assessing CVD risk in individuals with elevated blood pressure aged under 60 years?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS" + ], + "context": [ + "One caveat is that, specifically for individuals with elevated BP and type 2 diabetes mellitus only aged <60 years, SCORE2-Diabetes should be considered to identify lower CVD risk individuals." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment is not being administered to patients with ischaemic stroke when blood pressure management guidelines suggest a careful reduction?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RE-PERFUSION TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with ischaemic stroke not receiving re-perfusion treatment and BP of \u2265220/110 mmHg, BP should be carefully lowered by approximately 15% during the first 24h after stroke onset." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is closely intertwined with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "The pathogeneses of hypertension and CKD are closely entwined." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What tool should be considered to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients under 60 years of age with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCORE2-DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "SCORE2-Diabetes should be considered to estimate CVD risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with elevated BP, particularly if they are <60 years of age." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What system is affected by age that plays a role in maintaining steady blood pressure levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHEMO-REFLEX SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "Using multiple drugs may have more unpredictable effects on BP in older patients because of increased competition for underlying mechanisms responsible for their degradation and elimination, and because the ability of the baro- and chemo-reflex systems in maintaining a steady treated BP level can decline with ageing." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is often associated with the management of chronic cerebrovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Management of chronic cerebrovascular disease and/or cognitive impairment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What concerns might healthcare providers have about prescribing BP-lowering medications that contribute to clinical inertia?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADVERSE EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Clinical inertia in blood pressure lowering is often cited as a reason for hesitance when prescribing BP-lowering medications." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on the burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community published in JAMA in 2003?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REDFIELD MM" + ], + "context": [ + "Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA 2003;289:194\u2013202. https:/ /doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.2.194" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is associated with blood pressure abnormalities as discussed in the article by Levine et al. in the journal Stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Levine DA, Springer MV, Brodtmann A. Blood pressure and vascular cognitive impairment. Stroke 2022;53:1104\u201313. https:/ /doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.121.036140" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the table that contains recommendations for confirming a hypertension diagnosis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATION TABLE 6" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 6\u2014Recommendations for confirming hypertension diagnosis" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What documents did the experts of the writing and reviewing panels provide to disclose any potential conflicts of interest?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DECLARATION OF INTEREST FORMS" + ], + "context": [ + "The experts of the writing and reviewing panels provided declaration of interest forms for all relationships that might be perceived as real or potential sources of conflicts of interest." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, such as one used for lowering blood pressure pharmacologically?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ALGORITHM" + ], + "context": [ + "Practical algorithm for pharmacological blood pressure lowering." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the drug that was tested in the Phase 2 trial for treatment-resistant hypertension as mentioned in the study by Freeman MW et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BAXDROSTAT" + ], + "context": [ + "Freeman MW, Halvorsen YD, Marshall W, Pater M, Isaacsohn J, Pearce C, etal. Phase 2 trial of baxdrostat for treatment-resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the ranking system used to evaluate the strength of evidence supporting a recommendation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEVEL OF EVIDENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "aClass of recommendation. bLevel of evidence." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the specific interests that required members of the task force to abstain from voting on related recommendations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DECLARED INTERESTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Members of the task force with declared interests on specific topics were asked to abstain from voting on related recommendations." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is an example of an asymptomatic condition where adherence to medical therapies is particularly low?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Adherence to medical therapies is especially suboptimal in asymptomatic conditions such as hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What treatment approach is preferred for patients categorized with elevated blood pressure ranging from 120/70 to 139/89 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INITIAL MONOTHERAPY" + ], + "context": [ + "Initial monotherapy preferred Elevated BP category (120/70\u2013139/89 mmHg)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to indicate blood pressure levels that are either not controlled despite the use of multiple medications or that require a higher number of medications for control?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "(BP attarget but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not attarget despite \u22655 medications)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the information that indicates hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EVIDENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Evidence suggests that hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What study was conducted to investigate the relationship between soft drink consumption and all-cause mortality?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) COHORT" + ], + "context": [ + "In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, both sugar- and artificially sweetened soft drinks were associated with higher all-cause mortality." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of healthcare is highlighted by the importance of patient engagement in blood pressure measurement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TELEMEDICINE POTENTIAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient engagement in BP measurement and telemedicine potential" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What time period should be approached with caution when using Methyldopa due to its association with post-partum depression?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INTRA-PARTUM" + ], + "context": [ + "Methyldopa has been associated with an increased risk of post-partum depression and caution is therefore advised both intra-partum and post-partum." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the continuous adherence to BP-lowering treatment over time, which is improved by single-pill combinations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERSISTENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Single-pill combinations improve persistence in BP-lowering treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What medical condition is being referred to when discussing the management of blood pressure and dose adjustments for medication?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "among patients with hypertension, and only afterwards to start up-titrating doses to maximum amounts." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is specifically mentioned in relation to the recommendation for starting blood pressure lowering therapy before hospital discharge?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ISCHAEMIC STROKE" + ], + "context": [ + "For patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA and an indication for BP lowering, it is recommended that BP lowering therapy should be commenced before hospital discharge." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a common cardiovascular condition found in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is characterized by blood pressure that remains high despite treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Resistant hypertension in people with CKD: a review." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the goal of identifying decision rules for selecting patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Decision rules are required for selecting patients most likely to benefit from treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is an important aspect of overall health that includes techniques for controlling emotional and psychological strain?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STRESS MANAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Additional considerations include managing stress and ensuring regular medical check-ups." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of document summarizes the findings on hypertension screening in adults for the US Preventive Services Task Force?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EVIDENCE REPORT" + ], + "context": [ + "Screening for hypertension in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe intravenous hydralazine in the context of treatment options?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SECOND-LINE OPTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Intravenous hydralazine is a second-line option." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the process of matching a patient with the best medication for their specific needs, considering the varying effects of each medication at the individual level?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERSONALIZATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Effects of each medication can also vary at the individual level, sometimes requiring personalization by matching the patient with the best medication for them." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What specific populations were included in the BP-lowering treatment RCTs established in Europe?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MIGRANT GROUPS" + ], + "context": [ + "BP-lowering treatment RCTs on different ethnic and migrant groups established in Europe." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the damage caused to organs as a result of vascular hypertension, as highlighted in Recommendation Table 10?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VASCULAR HYPERTENSION-MEDIATED ORGAN DAMAGE" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 10\u2014Recommendations for assessing vascular hypertension-mediated organ damage (see Evidence Table 17)" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who was the lead author of the pooled analysis on blood pressure reduction and outcome in acute intracerebral hemorrhage?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WANG X" + ], + "context": [ + "Wang X, Di Tanna GL, Moullaali TJ, et al. conducted a pooled analysis on blood pressure reduction and outcome in acute intracerebral hemorrhage." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of effect do BP-lowering therapies typically provide over time?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DURABLE EFFECT" + ], + "context": [ + "While BP-lowering therapies typically provide an overall durable effect, some attenuation of effect may be seen over time." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of managing hypertension in pregnancy to ensure both the well-being of the mother and the fetus?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MATERNAL HEALTH" + ], + "context": [ + "Each aspect of hypertension in pregnancy, from measurement to prevention, is crucial for maternal and fetal health." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which class of medication has been found to be more effective and safer as a fourth agent in patients with apparent resistant hypertension compared to aldosterone antagonists?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BETA-BLOCKERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Comparative safety and effectiveness of aldosterone antagonists versus beta-blockers as fourth agents in patients with apparent resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of trends are examined in the systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the relationship between severe mental illness and cardiovascular disease risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TEMPORAL TRENDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Temporal trends in associations between severe mental illness and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the successful management of blood pressure levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP CONTROL" + ], + "context": [ + "If BP control is not achieved by 360 min despite two medications, consulting critical care is recommended." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the increasing body of research indicating that e-cigarettes can raise blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GROWING EVIDENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "However, growing evidence suggests that e-cigarettes can increase BP." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is characterized by high blood pressure that does not respond well to standard antihypertensive treatments?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Spironolactone appears to be the most effective at further lowering BP in resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the medical journal that published the article referenced by the DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31791-x?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LANCET" + ], + "context": [ + "Lancet 2019;394:672\u201383. https:/ /doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31791-x" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the critical value that determines whether measurement should continue for an additional period in a treatment protocol?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATMENT THRESHOLD" + ], + "context": [ + "If the average after 3 days is close to the treatment threshold, then measurement should continue for the full 7 days." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What year was the article published in Curr Opin Cardiol that discusses cardiovascular topics?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2014" + ], + "context": [ + "Curr Opin Cardiol 2014;29:344\u201353." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of research study is conducted to analyze the relationship between preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW" + ], + "context": [ + "Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of blood pressure and cardiovascular risk reduction are provided." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which medical journal published the study on the value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BMJ" + ], + "context": [ + "478. Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003; 326:1427." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the DOI for the article published in the British Journal of Cancer in 2022, volume 127, pages 1974-82?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DOI:10.1038/S41416-022-01975-4" + ], + "context": [ + "Br J Cancer 2022;127:1974\u201382. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-022-01975-4." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor has been shown to specifically lower blood pressure when compared to potassium supplementation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SODIUM REDUCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Studies to disentangle the effect of sodium reduction vs. the effect of potassium supplementation on BP control and CVD outcomes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the table that includes recommendations for blood pressure screening?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATION TABLE 5" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 5\u2014Recommendations for blood pressure screening (see Evidence Table 15)" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the author of the meta-analysis on social support and patient adherence to medical treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIMATTEO MR" + ], + "context": [ + "1010. DiMatteo MR. Social support and patient adherence to medical treatment: a meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the marker that serves as a predictive and prognostic indicator for preeclampsia?", + "golden_answers": [ + "1/PLGF RATIO" + ], + "context": [ + "1/PlGF ratio is a predictive and prognostic marker for preeclampsia." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What does the Korotkoff sound (muffling) help to estimate during blood pressure measurement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIASTOLIC BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Korotkoff sound (muffling) is used to estimate diastolic BP." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the established evidence-based diets that can help reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DASH DIET" + ], + "context": [ + "Evidence-based diets, such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, are established interventions in patients with hypertension to reduce their BP and CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the approach in healthcare that aligns closely with a patient's preferences and needs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENT-CENTRED CARE" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient-centred care is defined as an attitude of the healthcare professional that closely aligns with the patient\u2019s preferences and needs." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the presence of multiple health conditions in patients with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MULTI-MORBIDITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Self-monitoring of blood pressure in patients with hypertension-related multi-morbidity: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What should be discussed with users facing potential health risks during personalized decision-making approaches?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATMENT OPTIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "However, personalized decision-making approaches should be employed to discuss treatment options with users facing potential health risks." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key concept that is essential to achieve through incorporating dynamic or isometric resistance exercise training 2\u20133 times a week?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EXERCISE BALANCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Dynamic or isometric resistance exercise training should be incorporated 2\u20133 times per week to ensure proper exercise balance." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of patient education that emphasizes the importance of adherence?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient education about the importance of adhering to prescribed medications is vital." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of proposal is presented in the research related to the number of ambulatory readings required for assessing blood pressure levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EVIDENCE-BASED PROPOSAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Yang WY, Thijs L, Zhang ZY, Asayama K, Boggia J, Hansen TW, et al. Evidence-based proposal for the number of ambulatory readings required for assessing blood pressure level in research settings: an analysis of the IDACO database." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the duration during which combination therapy can effectively lower office blood pressure by up to 20/11 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SHORT TERM" + ], + "context": [ + "Combination therapy (e.g., with three drugs at half standard dose) over the short term can lower office BP by up to 20/11 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the leading cause of maternal death during pregnancy, following hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MATERNAL PERI-PARTUM HEMORRHAGE" + ], + "context": [ + "Hypertension in pregnancy is the second leading cause of maternal death after maternal peri-partum hemorrhage." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a term used to describe cardiovascular incidents that occur in males under 55 and females under 65?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD EVENT" + ], + "context": [ + "CVD event in males aged <55 years and/or females <65 years." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of assessment, mentioned in Section 5, has lower specificity for diagnosing hypertension when compared to ABPM?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SINGLE VISIT ASSESSMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "As noted in Section 5, assessment at a single visit by office BP has lower specificity compared with ABPM for diagnosing hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What part of the nervous system is involved in regulating blood pressure and may interact with hormonal mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "We are also lacking data on sex-specific hormonal and genetic mechanisms and pathophysiology in the human.", + "The influence of various hormonal mechanisms, renal mechanisms, and neural mechanisms also play important roles in hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure measurement technique is considered less reliable compared to ABPM and HBPM for confirming hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OFFICE BP" + ], + "context": [ + "AOBP correlates more closely with mean ABPM than with the manual auscultatory technique and may reduce measurement error and white-coat effects.", + "ABPM/HBPM is preferred over office BP for confirming hypertension and ensuring accurate measurements." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the research on blood pressure-related measures conducted by Karnjanapiboonwong A and colleagues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ATTIA J" + ], + "context": [ + "Karnjanapiboonwong A, Anothaisintawee T, Chaikledkaew U, Dejthevaporn C, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. Diagnostic performance of clinic and home blood pressure measurements compared with ambulatory blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Karnjanapiboonwong A, Anothaisintawee T, Chaikledkaew U, Dejthevaporn C, Attia J, Thakkinstian A conduct a research on blood pressure-related measures." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of biological samples can be used to objectively evaluate patient adherence to prescribed medications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "URINE SAMPLES" + ], + "context": [ + "Adherence is defined as the extent to which a patient\u2019s behaviour, with respect to taking medication, coincides with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.", + "Objective evaluation of adherence (either directly observed treatment or detecting prescribed drugs in blood or urine samples) should also be considered, if resources allow." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is specifically mentioned in the guidelines that influences the recommendation for antihypertensive drug treatment when blood pressure is elevated?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "In most adults with elevated BP and diabetes, after a maximum of 3 months of lifestyle intervention, BP lowering with pharmacological treatment is recommended for those with confirmed BP \u2265130/80 mmHg to reduce CVD risk.", + "Diabetes Antihypertensive drug treatment is recommended for people with diabetes when office BP is \u2265140/90 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What diastolic blood pressure range may be considered to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in women with hypertension during pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "70\u201379 MMHG" + ], + "context": [ + "In women with pre-existing and gestational hypertension with and without pre-eclampsia, we recommend lowering BP below 140 mmHg for systolic and to 80\u201390 mmHg for diastolic BP.", + "to achieve a non-treatment diastolic BP of 70\u201379 mmHg may be considered to reduce CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the results observed over an extended period after treatment in conditions such as resistant hypertension and chronic stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LONG-TERM OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Comparison of long-term outcomes for responders versus non-responders following renal denervation in resistant hypertension.", + "The careful monitoring and management of chronic stroke patients are crucial for improving long-term outcomes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of rare tumor is associated with secondary hypertension and is known for its heterogeneous clinical presentation, often seen in the young population?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARAGANGLIOMAS" + ], + "context": [ + "Causes of secondary hypertension in the young population: a monocentric study.", + "Phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) are a rare form of secondary hypertension characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the recommendations that provide important information on education and management strategies for hypertension in young adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "The risk of hypertension and associated complications significantly underscores the importance of education and follow-up for young adults.", + "education regarding hypertension management is essential for both patients and healthcare providers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What group of individuals should be screened for secondary hypertension if they present with suggestive signs, symptoms, or medical history?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Details on medical history and physical examination steps are summarized in the supplement.", + "It is recommended that patients with hypertension presenting with suggestive signs, symptoms or medical history of secondary hypertension are appropriately screened for secondary hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study that examined the cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease, as mentioned in the HONEST study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KUSHIRO T" + ], + "context": [ + "In a meta-analysis, an exaggerated BP response to exercise was associated with an increased risk for masked hypertension.", + "Kushiro T, Kario K, Saito I, Teramukai S, Sato Y, Okuda Y, et al. study increased cardiovascular risk of treated white coat and masked hypertension in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the HONEST study." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the randomized, sham-controlled trial that studies bipolar radiofrequency renal denervation for treating hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REDUCE HTN: REINFORCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Weber MA, Kirtane AJ, Weir MR, Radhakrishnan J, Das T, Berk M, et al. The REDUCE HTN: REINFORCE: randomized, sham-controlled trial of bipolar radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension.", + "The REDUCE HTN: REINFORCE: randomized, sham-controlled trial of bipolar radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the process recommended for verifying elevated blood pressure in individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION CONFIRMATION" + ], + "context": [ + "When treatment of elevated BP is being considered for individuals at high risk CVD conditions, out-of-office BP measurement is recommended.", + "where possible, the present guidelines strongly recommend using out-of-office BP measurement for confirming elevated BP and hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the journal that published the article referenced with the DOI https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.018912?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CIRCULATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Lancet 2016;388:2665\u2013712.", + "Circulation 2016;134:441\u201350. https:/ /doi.org/10.1161/ circulationaha.115.018912" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What medication is mentioned in the context of treating adults with overweight or obesity?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SEMAGLUTIDE" + ], + "context": [ + "Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:552\u201365.<", + "Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What reference provides additional information on the recommendations for categorizing blood pressure mentioned in Recommendation Table 2?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EVIDENCE TABLE 9" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 2\u2014Recommendations for categorizing blood pressure (see Evidence Table 9)", + "Recommendation Table 2\u2014Recommendations for categorizing blood pressure (see Evidence Table 9) Recommendation Class a Level b It is recommended that BP be categorized as non-elevated BP, elevated BP, and hypertension to aid treatment decisions." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the table that provides recommendations for acutely managing blood pressure in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage or acute ischaemic stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATION TABLE 32" + ], + "context": [ + "Table 32\u2014Recommendations for acutely managing blood pressure in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage or acute ischaemic stroke Recommendations Classa Levelb For patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA and an indication for BP lowering, it is recommended that BP-lowering therapy be commenced before hospital discharge.", + "Recommendation Table 32\u2014Recommendations for acutely managing blood pressure in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage or acute ischaemic stroke" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What renal function metric is essential to consider when determining resistant hypertension in patients with kidney impairment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGFR" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with decreased eGFR (i.e. <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension.", + "In patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the manifestations of microangiopathy that can affect kidney performance?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACUTE DETERIORATION IN RENAL FUNCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "The 2021 ESC Guidelines provide a framework for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic heart failure.", + "Other manifestations of microangiopathy include disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalopathy, acute heart failure, and acute deterioration in renal function." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What dietary factor is associated with increased hypertension and should be addressed alongside potassium intake?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIGH DIETARY SODIUM" + ], + "context": [ + "Hodgkinson JA, Lee MM, Milner S, Bradburn P, Stevens R, Hobbs FDR, et al. Accuracy of blood-pressure monitors owned by patients with hypertension (ACCU-RATE study): a cross-sectional, observational study in central England.", + "In patients with hypertension and high dietary sodium, increased dietary intake of potassium (in addition to lower dietary sodium) should be considered." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the favorable outcomes that patients with elevated blood pressure may not achieve from BP-lowering drug therapy in certain settings?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUFFICIENT NET BENEFIT" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommended indicators of frailty in guiding BP-lowering treatment are given in Section 9.", + "Patients with elevated BP in these settings are less likely to obtain sufficient net benefit from BP-lowering drug therapy or tolerate intensive drug therapy." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in both the review of beta-blockers in hypertension and the meta-analysis of mineralocorticoid antagonists' effect on blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TSIOUFIS C" + ], + "context": [ + "Thomopoulos C, Bazoukis G, Tsioufis C, Mancia G reviewed beta-blockers in hypertension.", + "Bazoukis G, Thomopoulos C, Tsioufis C overview the effect of mineralocorticoid antagonists on blood pressure lowering in hypertension through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What registry provides insights into the relationship between angina and future cardiovascular events in stable patients with coronary artery disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REACH REGISTRY" + ], + "context": [ + "Beta-blockers can be added preferentially in circumstances such as in the presence of angina or heart failure.", + "Angina and future cardiovascular events in stable patients with coronary artery disease: insights from the Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe a condition where blood pressure is at target but requires four or more medications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CONTROLLED RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "(BP attarget but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not attarget despite \u22655 medications).", + "These ESC Guidelines do not include the terms \u2018controlled resistant hypertension\u2019 (BP at target but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not at target despite \u22655 medications)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of risk is considered when deciding on pharmacological blood pressure-lowering treatment for patients with office BP measurements of 120\u2013139/70\u201389 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Selecting patients for pharmacological blood pressure-lowering treatment Commencement of BP-lowering treatment is often decided based on office BP measurements.", + "In individuals with increased CVD risk where their screening office BP is 120\u2013139/70\u201389 mmHg, it is recommended to measure BP out of office." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of the recommendations related to sodium intake and exercise according to the ESC Guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendations on sodium intake for cardiovascular health: conviction or evidence?", + "The ESC Guidelines provide additional recommendations for cardiovascular health related to exercise." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for both patients and healthcare providers in the context of managing hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EDUCATION" + ], + "context": [ + "clinical guidelines and objectives relevant in hypertension management.", + "education regarding hypertension management is essential for both patients and healthcare providers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What demographic group was examined in the study that predicted cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OLDER PATIENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk.", + "Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O\u2019Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, et al. predict cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of application was used in the study to facilitate home blood pressure monitoring for adults with uncontrolled hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMARTPHONE HYPERTENSION COACHING APPLICATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Defining thresholds for home blood pressure monitoring in octogenarians.", + "Effect of home blood pressure monitoring via a smartphone hypertension coaching application or tracking application on adults with uncontrolled hypertension: a randomized clinical trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the researchers involved in the HONEST study on hypertension and diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KARIO K" + ], + "context": [ + "The interplay between various medical conditions like diabetes and hypertension must be addressed in treatment plans.", + "Kushiro T, Kario K, Saito I, Teramukai S, Sato Y, Okuda Y, et al. study increased cardiovascular risk of treated white coat and masked hypertension in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the HONEST study." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What collaboration is involved in the SCORE2-Diabetes initiative for estimating cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes in Europe?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESC CARDIOVASCULAR RISK COLLABORATION" + ], + "context": [ + "164. SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration. SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe.", + "SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration. SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What guidelines are referenced for the management of acute coronary syndromes in the publication by Byrne et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESC GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "Kringeland E, Tell GS, Midtb\u00f8 H, Igland J, Haugsgjerd TR, Gerdts E. Stage 1 hypertension, sex, and acute coronary syndromes during midlife: the Hordaland health study.", + "Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, etal. ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of hypertension must be considered when using ambulatory monitoring to ensure accurate blood pressure readings?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Ambulatory monitoring can identify white-coat and masked hypertension.", + "In addition, white-coat hypertension must be excluded." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition might patients with orthostatic hypotension exhibit when measured in a supine position?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUPINE ELEVATED BP" + ], + "context": [ + "It is recommended to pursue non-pharmacological approaches as the first-line treatment of orthostatic hypotension among persons with supine hypertension.", + "Patients with orthostatic hypotension need not be hypotensive and indeed, many have supine elevated BP or supine hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What laboratory measurement is used to assess kidney function and determine treatments for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGFR" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension.", + "In adults with moderate-to-severe CKD who are receiving BP-lowering drugs and who have eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2, it is recommended to target systolic BP to 120\u2013129 mmHg, if tolerated." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the authors of the study related to KDIGO recommendations on blood pressure management in chronic kidney disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUBBIAH A" + ], + "context": [ + "study and results of blood pressure management in octogenarians.", + "20. Subbiah A, Bhowmik D. KDIGO recommendations on blood pressure management in chronic kidney disease." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What should clinicians be cautious about when they encounter unusual symptoms in a diabetic patient undergoing treatment for cardiovascular risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "While the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial reported a null primary endpoint for more intensive BP targets in diabetes, stroke was marginally reduced.", + "However, focal neurological lesions are rare and should raise the suspicion of stroke." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients before noncardiac surgery?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS" + ], + "context": [ + "Withholding versus continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers before noncardiac surgery: an evaluation.", + "van Vark LC, Bertrand M, Akkerhuis KM, Brugts JJ,Fox K,Mourad J-J,etal. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce mortality in hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors involving 158,998 patients." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is characterized by heart damage and is influenced by hypertension, often requiring BP-lowering treatments such as beta-blockers and RAS blockers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with a history of myocardial infarction who require BP-lowering treatment, beta-blockers and RAS blockers are recommended as part of that treatment.", + "The pathophysiology of myocardial infarction includes processes influenced by hypertension, resulting in heart damage." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study examining the impact of aortic stiffness attenuation on the survival of patients in end-stage renal failure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUERIN AP" + ], + "context": [ + "Van Bortel LM, Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Chowienczyk P, Cruickshank JK, DeBacker T, et al. Expert consensus document on the measurement of aortic stiffness in daily practice using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.", + "Guerin AP, Blacher J, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, Safar ME, London GM, et al. Impact of aortic stiffness attenuation on survival of patients in end-stage renal failure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the blood pressure level at which treatment for high blood pressure begins?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP THRESHOLD" + ], + "context": [ + "We recommend that all patients with diabetes are offered pharmacological BP-lowering treatment with a BP target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg, if feasible and tolerated.", + "BP threshold is defined as the BP at which BP-lowering treatment is initiated, while BP target is the BP goal with treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study was conducted to assess the non-pharmacological treatment of blood pressure and cardiovascular risk reduction among octogenarians?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of blood pressure and cardiovascular risk reduction are provided.", + "study and results of blood pressure management in octogenarians." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on assessing cardiovascular risk in relation to hypertension diagnosis and treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NAVAR AM" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 6\u2014Recommendations for confirming hypertension diagnosis", + "Navar AM, Pencina MJ, Peterson ED. Assessing cardiovascular risk to guide hypertension diagnosis and treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the cohort study involving individuals with severe mental illness?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PREDICTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "primary aldosteronism: a cohort study.", + "Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk among people with severe mental illness: a cohort study." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key measurement used in cardiovascular risk prediction discussed in recent meta-analyses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS" + ], + "context": [ + "1010. DiMatteo MR. Social support and patient adherence to medical treatment: a meta-analysis.", + "Common carotid intima-media thickness measurements in cardiovascular risk prediction: a meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What strategies are recommended to help mitigate health risks associated with obesity and potentially reduce the need for pharmacological treatments?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIFESTYLE CHANGES" + ], + "context": [ + "The recommendations emphasize the importance of lifestyle changes in mitigating health risks associated with obesity.", + "If lifestyle changes are effective in BP lowering, pharmacological treatments may subsequently be down-titrated or stopped as appropriate." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled trial that investigated the efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED PIVOTAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Several device-based therapies designed to lower BP have been investigated.", + "B\u00f6hm M, Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the publisher for the ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine and the European Heart Journal?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS" + ], + "context": [ + "6.Camm AJ, L\u00fcscher TF, Maurer G, Serruys PW (eds). The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2018.", + "Permissions can be obtained upon submission of a written request to Oxford University Press, the publisher of the European Heart Journal." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of diuretic is necessary to adequately manage patients with resistant hypertension who have a decreased eGFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOOP DIURETIC" + ], + "context": [ + "In adults with moderate-to-severe CKD who are receiving BP-lowering drugs and who have eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, it is recommended to target systolic BP to 120\u2013129 mmHg, if tolerated.", + "In patients with decreased eGFR (i.e. <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses regarding diastolic blood pressure and cardiovascular events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARVANITIS M" + ], + "context": [ + "B\u00f6hm M et al. discuss the reversal of the J-curve association of cardiovascular risk with diastolic blood pressure.", + "Arvanitis M, Qi G, Bhatt DL, Post WS, Chatterjee N, Battle A,etal. Linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses of the association between diastolic blood pressure and cardiovascular events: the J-curve revisited." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What figure summarizes the cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FIGURE 9" + ], + "context": [ + "An overview of the recommended approach to BP management in all adult patients is provided in Figure 19.", + "Figure 9 Summary of cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What tool should be used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in patients with elevated blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially for those under 60 years of age?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCORE2-DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "One caveat is that, specifically for individuals with elevated BP and type 2 diabetes mellitus only aged <60 years, SCORE2-Diabetes should be considered to identify lower CVD risk individuals.", + "SCORE2-Diabetes should be considered to estimate CVD risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with elevated BP, particularly if they are <60 years of age." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the Cochrane review on interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BATH PM" + ], + "context": [ + "Devices for blood pressure lowering.", + "Bath PM, Krishnan K. Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2014:CD000039. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000039.pub3." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What health benefit is associated with following the Mediterranean diet, particularly in relation to adults with and without hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Adopting a healthy and balanced diet such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets is recommended to help reduce BP and CVD risk.", + "Mediterranean diet and blood pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What was the focus of the TIME study regarding antihypertensive medications in adults with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EVENING VERSUS MORNING DOSING" + ], + "context": [ + "Beddhu S, Shen J, Cheung AK, Kimmel PL, Chertow GM, Wei G, et al. Implications of early decline in eGFR due to intensive BP control for cardiovascular outcomes in SPRINT.", + "Cardiovascular outcomes in adults with hypertension with evening versus morning dosing of usual antihypertensives in the UK (TIME study): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure measurement is commonly used in clinical settings for diagnosing and managing hypertension, as compared to home and ambulatory methods?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OFFICE BP MEASUREMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Home BP measurement for managing hypertension by using self-monitored BP is recommended to achieve better BP control.", + "Comparison of office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure measurement thresholds for elevated blood pressure and hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the specific condition that may be screened for in individuals under 40 years old with elevated blood pressure but without other increased cardiovascular disease risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HMOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Otherwise, for patients without these high-risk conditions, 10-year risk of CVD should be calculated using SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP.", + "Since SCORE2 has not been validated for individuals <40 years, screening for HMOD may be considered in such young individuals with elevated BP without other increased CVD risk conditions to identify additional individuals for possible medical treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of hypertension do the guidelines focus on managing, especially in relation to general principles and common forms?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SECONDARY HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Consequently, many patients with hypertension will have an estimated 10-year risk for CVD events of \u226510%, which, for the purposes of these guidelines, is considered sufficiently high risk to merit consideration of BP-lowering treatment in the setting of elevated BP.", + "These guidelines will describe only the general principles of managing the most common forms of secondary hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of chronic kidney disease is specifically mentioned as a condition that increases cardiovascular risk and is recommended for SCORE2 calculation in patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SEVERE CKD" + ], + "context": [ + "For patients with elevated BP, the presence of diabetes, familial hypercholesterolaemia, established CVD, moderate or severe CKD, or HMOD confers increased CVD risk.", + "calculating SCORE2 is recommended for individuals with established CVD, moderate or severe CKD, probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, or HMOD." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the endocrine society clinical practice guideline on pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DUH QY" + ], + "context": [ + "Bravo E, Fouad-Tarazi F, Rossi G, et al. reevaluated the hemodynamics of pheochromocytoma.", + "Lenders JW, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, Gimenez-Roqueplo A-P, Grebe SKG, Murad MH, et al. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What dietary change has been associated with a positive effect on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INCREASED POTASSIUM INTAKE" + ], + "context": [ + "Reports of a J-shaped association between BP and risk of CVD in diabetes, and the lack of a clear benefit of treatment on cardiac outcomes at lower BP in some meta-analyses, has led to some cautious recommendations for intensive treatment in this patient population.", + "Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the table that outlines the recommendations for acutely managing blood pressure in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage or acute ischaemic stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATION TABLE 32" + ], + "context": [ + "For patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA and an indication for BP lowering, it is recommended that BP lowering therapy should be commenced before hospital discharge.", + "Table 32\u2014Recommendations for acutely managing blood pressure in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage or acute ischaemic stroke Recommendations Classa Levelb For patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA and an indication for BP lowering, it is recommended that BP-lowering therapy be commenced before hospital discharge." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the common abbreviation for blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Association between the urinary sodium to potassium ratio and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Summary of cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the hesitance in prescribing blood pressure-lowering medications often due to resistance to change in treatment strategies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL INERTIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Clinical inertia in blood pressure lowering is often cited as a reason for hesitance when prescribing BP-lowering medications.", + "8.7.4. Clinical inertia in blood pressure lowering." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study did Todd OM and colleagues conduct to examine the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in older adults, particularly considering frailty?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure and dementia.", + "For example, contemporary data indicate the heightened importance of BP control in older adults due to their higher absolute CVD risk (resulting in a lower NNT) and concomitantly to reduce age-dependent adverse outcomes attributable to increased BP, such as dementia.", + "Todd OM, Wilkinson C, Hale M, Wong NL, Hall M, Sheppard JP, et al. Is the association between blood pressure and mortality in older adults different with frailty? A systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition should be monitored and controlled in patients when considering the addition of a beta-blocker, especially if blood pressure remains above safe levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Whether used for angina control or BP control, a beta-blocker should not be combined with a non-dihydropyridine CCB.", + "Beta-blocker (if not already recommended for a compelling indication).", + "A beta-blocker may be added if BP remains >140/90 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What BP-lowering medication should be considered after the initial options have been exhausted, despite having less compelling clinical outcome evidence?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYDRALAZINE" + ], + "context": [ + "Amiloride and clonidine have data suggesting they are as effective as spironolactone for BP lowering, though they lack outcomes data.", + "Only thereafter should hydralazine, other potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride and triamterene), centrally acting BP-lowering medications, or alpha-blockers be considered.", + "Clinical outcome evidence from trials for other BP-lowering drug classes, such as alpha-blockers, hydralazine, minoxidil, other potassium-sparing diuretics, and centrally acting agents, is less compelling and caution regarding adverse effects is warranted." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What medical condition is primarily addressed in the 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Most international societies, including the ESC, recommend an intensive approach to BP lowering in pre-eclampsia.", + "ESC Guidelines", + "2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is a condition that can be associated with severe acute hypertension and may require an urgent reduction in blood pressure due to its critical impact on the heart?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA 2003;289:194\u2013202. https:/ /doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.2.194", + "McDonagh TA et al. release the 2021 ESC Guidelines for heart failure diagnosis and treatment.", + "Patients with severe acute hypertension associated with other clinical conditions likely to require urgent reduction in BP, e.g. acute onset of aortic dissection, myocardial ischaemia, eclampsia, or heart failure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors that studied blood pressure-lowering treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COPLAND E" + ], + "context": [ + "Atrial fibrillation as presenting sign of primary aldosteronism: results of the prospective appraisal.", + "\u00a9ESC 2024 AF, atrial fibrillation; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease.", + "Pinho-Gomes AC, Azevedo L, Copland E, Canoy D, Nazarzadeh M, Ramakrishnan R studied blood pressure-lowering treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition should objective methods to assess adherence be considered for during the clinical work-up of patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APPARENT RESISTANT HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Objective methods to assess adherence include detecting prescribed drugs in blood or urine samples.", + "Objective evaluation of adherence (either directly observed treatment or detecting prescribed drugs in blood or urine samples) should also be considered, if resources allow.", + "Objective evaluation of adherence (either directly observed treatment or detecting prescribed drugs in blood or urine samples) should be considered in the clinical work-up of patients with apparent resistant hypertension, if resources allow." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where cardiovascular risk decreases with diastolic blood pressure within a certain range, as discussed by B\u00f6hm M et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "J-CURVE ASSOCIATION" + ], + "context": [ + "BP-lowering drug treatment is recommended for people with pre-diabetes or obesity when confirmed office BP is \u2265140/90 mmHg or when office BP is 130\u2013139/80\u201389 mmHg and the patient is at predicted 10-year risk of CVD \u226510% or with high-risk conditions, despite a maximum of 3 months of lifestyle therapy.", + "Restless/intermittent sleep, recurrent awakenings daytime sleepiness, fatigue, impaired concentration Increased neck circumference Apnoea, snoring Obesity Signs and symptoms Atrial fibrillation Non-dipping or reverse dipping pattern 24 h ABPM Obstructive sleep apnoea Pathophysiology Intermittent upper airway obstruction during sleep Overnight ambulatory polysomnography Diagnosis Treatment Weight loss CPAP Mandibular advancement devices", + "B\u00f6hm M et al. discuss the reversal of the J-curve association of cardiovascular risk with diastolic blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What types of therapies have been investigated for lowering blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DEVICE-BASED THERAPIES" + ], + "context": [ + "B\u00f6hm M, Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled trial.", + "Of these, the most evidence is available for catheter-based renal denervation.", + "Several device-based therapies designed to lower BP have been investigated." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What factor has been shown to influence patient adherence to medical treatment in various studies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOCIAL SUPPORT" + ], + "context": [ + "Psoriasis and major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.", + "Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Social support and patient adherence to medical treatment: a meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the meta-analysis of patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GROSSMAN" + ], + "context": [ + "Grossman E, Messerli FH. Long-term safety of antihypertensive therapy.", + "Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, and Messerli FH conducted a meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers.", + "Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman conducted a study on cardiovascular outcomes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the authors of the study titled \"How quickly should we titrate antihypertensive medication? Systematic review modelling blood pressure response from trial data\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LASSERSON DS, BUCLIN T, GLASZIOU P" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure in relation to frailty in older adults: a population-based study.", + "Keywords Guidelines \u2022Blood pressure \u2022Hypertension \u2022Hypertension-mediated organ damage \u2022Blood pressure measurement \u2022Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring \u2022Home blood pressure monitoring \u2022Antihypertensive medication \u2022 Hypertension treatment \u2022Hypertension targets \u2022Secondary hypertension \u2022Cardiovascular disease risk estimation \u2022 Cardiovascular disease prevention \u2022Resistant hypertension \u2022Hypertension screening", + "Lasserson DS, Buclin T, Glasziou P. How quickly should we titrate antihypertensive medication? Systematic review modelling blood pressure response from trial data. Heart 2011;97:1771\u20135. https:/ /doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2010.221473." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What alternative site can be used for blood pressure measurement in obese patients when a correctly fitting upper arm cuff is not available?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WRIST" + ], + "context": [ + "expected to decrease during sleep by 10%\u201320% relative to daytime BP.", + "Restless/intermittent sleep, recurrent awakenings daytime sleepiness, fatigue, impaired concentration Increased neck circumference Apnoea, snoring Obesity Signs and symptoms Atrial fibrillation Non-dipping or reverse dipping pattern 24 h ABPM Obstructive sleep apnoea Pathophysiology Intermittent upper airway obstruction during sleep Overnight ambulatory polysomnography Diagnosis Treatment Weight loss CPAP Mandibular advancement devices", + "In those with significant obesity where a correctly fitting upper arm cuff is not available, measurement at the lower arm or wrist can be considered as an alternative." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What age group is identified as having increased cardiovascular disease risk through HMOD assessment when the 10-year estimated CVD risk by SCORE2 cannot be calculated?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YOUNG ADULTS" + ], + "context": [ + "ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FH, familial hypercholesterolaemia; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCORE2, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2; SCORE2-OP, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2\u2013Older Persons. ESC Guidelines 31", + "Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) - Diabetes risk - prediction model should be considered to confirm CVD risk is sufficiently high (\u226510%) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are aged <60 years.", + "HMOD assessment is also an important way to identify young adults <40 years old who have increased CVD risk, since 10-year estimated CVD risk by SCORE2 cannot be calculated in this age group." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of medication, often used in combination with an ACE inhibitor or ARB, is typically recommended for intensive blood pressure management in patients with a prior history of stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THIAZIDE/THIAZIDE-LIKE DIURETIC" + ], + "context": [ + "To achieve BP control, an ACE inhibitor, or if contraindicated, an ARB, can also be used.", + "Combining two RAS blockers (ACE inhibitor and an ARB) is not recommended.", + "Most prior guidelines recommend an intensive BP target in patients with a prior history of stroke, typically using combination treatment (ACE inhibitor/ARB plus either a calcium channel antagonist or a thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic), with therapy commencing immediately after TIA and within a few days of ischaemic stroke." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What test is commonly performed to assess kidney function and check for abnormalities such as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in hypertensive patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "URINALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "In hypertensive patients with symptomatic HFpEF, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to improve outcomes in the context of their modest BP-lowering properties.", + "Chronic kidney disease In hypertensive patients with CKD and eGFR >20 mL/min/1.73 m2, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to improve outcomes in the context of their modest BP-lowering properties.", + "Blood creatinine and eGFR; urinalysis and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio Assessing CVD risk and HMOD Guiding treatment choice Screening secondary hypertension (renoparenchymal and renovascular)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for adjusting treatment plans in drug therapy for hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOLLOW-UP ASSESSMENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Duration and monitoring of drug therapy BP-lowering treatment is usually chronic, often lifelong.", + "Women with a history of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy should be monitored for future hypertension risks.", + "Monitoring and follow-up assessments are essential for adjusting treatment plans as needed." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What health factor is commonly linked to increased risks of hypertension and is often observed across different demographics such as sex and race?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OBESITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Ethnicity and arterial stiffness.", + "Thomson B, Emberson J, Lacey B, Lewington S, Peto R, Jemal A. Association between smoking, smoking cessation, and mortality by race, ethnicity, and sex among US adults.", + "Obesity, sex, race, and early onset hypertension: implications for a refined investigation strategy." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are the key results of studies examining the relationship between blood pressure management and patient health in individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Studies to disentangle the effect of sodium reduction vs. the effect of potassium supplementation on BP control and CVD outcomes.", + "Effects of sodium reduction and the DASH diet in relation to baseline blood pressure.", + "Effects of blood pressure lowering on clinical outcomes according to baseline blood pressure and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are the key strategies highlighted in current guidelines for improving maternal health and managing hypertension during pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "The emphasis on lifestyle modifications and medication support aims to improve overall maternal health during pregnancy.", + "The current guidelines emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications for managing blood pressure.", + "Importantly, sodium restriction and exercise are crucial lifestyle modifications for managing hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key factor that influences patient responses and adherence to treatment after being diagnosed with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACCEPTANCE OF A DIAGNOSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "These illness representations form the basis of how patients understand a diagnosis, and can influence their responses after being diagnosed with hypertension.", + "Agnosis of hypertension, patient empowerment, and adherence to treatment.", + "Self-measurement, when properly performed, is recommended due to positive effects on the acceptance of a diagnosis of hypertension, patient empowerment, and adherence to treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What health risk is associated with exercise systolic blood pressure at moderate workload in healthy men?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CORONARY DISEASE RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Outcomes in adults aged \u226575 years: a randomized clinical trial.", + "Qureshi AI, Huang W, Lobanova I, Barsan WG, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, etal. Outcomes of intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and excessively high initial systolic blood pressure: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.", + "Exercise systolic blood pressure at moderate workload is linearly associated with coronary disease risk in healthy men." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are some factors that influence cardiovascular disease risk in both men and women?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK MODIFIERS" + ], + "context": [ + "In a meta-analysis, an exaggerated BP response to exercise was associated with an increased risk for masked hypertension.", + "Populations where masked hypertension is prevalent include men, smokers, those with excessive alcohol intake, and individuals with diabetes or obesity.", + "Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk modifiers shared by men and women." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the condition resulting from elevated blood pressure that affects kidney function and is associated with glomerulosclerosis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GLOMERULAR ARTERIOLAR HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension-related cardiovascular events.", + "See footnote for information on sex-differences White matter lesions Silent microinfarcts Microbleeds Brain atrophy Cognitive impairment Vascular dementia Ischaemic stroke Cerebral haemorrhage Brain Microvascular remodelling Hypertensive retinopathy Eye Atherosclerosis Vascular calcification Arterial stiffness Large and medium arteries Endothelial dysfunction Vasoreactivity Vascular remodelling Fibrosis and inflammation Peripheral vascular resistance Microcirculation LVH LA and LV dilatation AF Obstructive and non-obstructive CAD Myocardial Infarction Diastolic and/or systolic heart failure Heart Kidney Glomerular arteriolar hypertension Glomerulosclerosis Albuminuria/Proteinuria GFR...", + "Glomerular arteriolar hypertension and glomerulosclerosis both refer to consequences of elevated blood pressure affecting kidney function." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What population samples were considered in the context of measuring blood pressure progression to hypertension, particularly regarding the frequency of blood pressure monitoring?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN POPULATION SAMPLES" + ], + "context": [ + "In a systematic review and meta-analyses, aerobic (endurance) exercise was suggested as the first-line exercise therapy for reducing BP in patients with elevated BP and hypertension vs. alternative forms of exercise, such as dynamic or isometric resistance training.", + "Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on the progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Considering the rate of progression to hypertension in European population samples, it is reasonable to measure BP at least every 3 years in the case of non-elevated BP and low\u2013moderate CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the page range of the article published in Circulation in 2001?", + "golden_answers": [ + "1923\u20136" + ], + "context": [ + "Circulation 2016;134:441\u201350. https:/ /doi.org/10.1161/ circulationaha.115.018912", + "Kario K, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kabutoya T, Nishizawa M, Yoshida T, et al. studied nighttime blood pressure phenotype and its relationship to cardiovascular prognosis in a nationwide study published in Circulation.", + "Circulation 2001;104:1923\u20136." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What section contains the recommendations for managing hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease according to the ESC Guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATION TABLE 26" + ], + "context": [ + "CAC by cardiac CT or carotid or femoral artery ultrasound imaging Assessing HMOD (atherosclerotic plaque).", + "ESC Guidelines", + "In addition to considering patients with known CVD at sufficiently high risk for more intensive BP treatment targets, the Recommendation Table 26\u2014Recommendations for managing hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease Recommendations Class a Level b." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of the systematic reviews and guidelines established by organizations like the American College of Cardiology and researchers like Whelton PK regarding blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION RESEARCH" + ], + "context": [ + "Reboussin DM, Allen NB, Griswold ME, Guallar E, Hong Y, Lackland DT, et al. Systematic review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.", + "Whelton PK and collaborators established guidelines for prevention and management of high blood pressure.", + "864. Whelton PK, Einhorn PT, Muntner P, Appel LJ" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the potential benefit of blood pressure-lowering treatment for patients with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Estimation of sodium intake using spot-urine sodium testing (which was commonly done in studies reporting a J-curve) may not be as valid as other methods.", + "some harmful mechanism that overcomes the expected benefit mediated by BPlowering (which is unlikely), and (iv) estimation of sodium intake using spot-urine sodium testing (which was commonly done in studies reporting a J-curve) may not be as valid as other methods.", + "Hypertension diagnosis. As the efficacy of BP lowering on preventing CVD events extends down to a systolic BP of 120 mmHg and a diastolic BP of 70 mmHg, patients with elevated BP and increased CVD risk can also derive benefit from BP-lowering treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What principle suggests that the magnitude of blood pressure reduction with treatment may increase based on the level of pre-treatment blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WILDER\u2019S PRINCIPLE" + ], + "context": [ + "The relative risk reduction afforded by a fixed degree of BP reduction is largely independent of pre-treatment BP.", + "The magnitude of BP reduction for any BP-lowering medication may increase as a function of the pre-treatment BP, which is also known as Wilder's principle.", + "Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Schmieder RE. Wilder\u2019s principle." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What statistical method is often used to compare multiple interventions across different studies, particularly in the context of analyzing cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of diabetes medications on kidney health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NETWORK META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Measures of chronic kidney disease are included to improve cardiovascular risk prediction by SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP in a study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.", + "Agarwal R and colleagues reported cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.", + "Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman conducted an analysis regarding cardiovascular outcomes and hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the publication discussing new perspectives for hypertension management and recent developments?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARATI G" + ], + "context": [ + "Salt restriction and its implications for managing hypertension in older adults.", + "Research findings affirm Mediterranean diet's positive effects on hypertension management.", + "Parati G, Goncalves A, Soergel D, Bruno RM, Caiani EG, Gerdts E. New perspectives for hypertension management: progress in methodological and technological developments." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the hesitance to prescribe blood pressure-lowering medications due to factors such as uncertainty or reluctance in clinical practice?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL INERTIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment in hypertension: 9. Discontinuations for adverse events attributed to different classes of antihypertensive drugs: meta-analyses of randomized trials.", + "Clinical inertia in blood pressure lowering is often cited as a reason for hesitance when prescribing BP-lowering medications.", + "8.7.4. Clinical inertia in blood pressure lowering." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended method for monitoring blood pressure that is considered complementary to home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in managing patients, particularly those with nocturnal hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ABPM" + ], + "context": [ + "Dippers and non-dippers.", + "Patients with nocturnal hypertension may be dippers or non-dippers.", + "ABPM and HBPM should be considered complementary and additive, rather than competing approaches to long-term BP management." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What health events could be influenced by intensive blood pressure control and excessive tobacco use in patients with chronic kidney disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Findings of trials linking more intensive BP control to improved outcomes may not generalize to patients with orthostatic hypotension, particularly when it is severe in magnitude and/or symptomatic.", + "Intensive BP control in patients with CKD reduces rates of CVD events.", + "CVD events can result from excessive tobacco use." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are the health implications associated with medically treated primary aldosteronism as identified in recent studies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOMETABOLIC OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Despite these numbers, screening rates for primary aldosteronism, even in high-risk groups such as those with resistant hypertension and hypokalaemia, are low (around 2% and 4% of eligible patients, respectively).", + "Primary aldosteronism is mostly asymptomatic, and can lead to spontaneous or diuretic-provoked hypokalaemia and HMOD.", + "Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the result of healthcare professionals adhering to updated guidelines and recommendations in managing cardiovascular risk and hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENT OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Guidelines suggest that healthcare professionals should remain updated on emerging research and evidence to deliver optimal care.", + "The ESC Guidelines provide recommendations to healthcare professionals to enhance patient outcomes related to cardiovascular risk management.", + "Collectively, these approaches can lead to better patient outcomes in managing elevated BP and hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are the key considerations emphasized in the recommendations for managing blood pressure and promoting optimal physical activity during pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HEALTH OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "The recommendations emphasize maintaining blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg during pregnancy for optimal health outcomes.", + "The exercise standards were developed considering various health outcomes related to physical activity.", + "The modern management of hypertension is under review to provide better health outcomes in the UK." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the strength of the scientific support for clinical recommendations, as indicated in guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEVEL OF EVIDENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "a Class of recommendation. b Level of evidence.", + "The abbreviation and definitions such as BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Class of recommendation; Level of evidence.", + "Class of recommendation and level of evidence are indicated following the guidelines." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is being assessed in Recommendation Table 3 for cardiovascular disease risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 3\u2014Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with elevated blood pressure (office systolic blood pressure 120\u2013139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 70\u201389 mmHg) (see Evidence Tables 10 and 11)", + "Recommendation Table 3\u2014Recommendations", + "Recommendation Table 3\u2014Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with elevated blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What traditional risk factor, along with age, obesity, and cholesterol levels, is weight-adjusted specifically in treatment strategies for different sexes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMOKING" + ], + "context": [ + "Given the aging population in Europe, there was also a focus on tailoring treatment with respect to frailty and into older age.", + "The treatment strategy of aiming for blood pressure control may need to be personalized based on factors such as age, frailty, and comorbidities.", + "This includes sex-specific weighting of traditional risk factors like age, obesity, smoking, and cholesterol levels." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the widespread occurrence of erectile dysfunction across different populations worldwide?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GLOBAL PREVALENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "If necessary, eplerenone is also used and, despite being less potent than spironolactone, it has the advantage of causing less gynaecomastia and erectile dysfunction in men.", + "8.7.1.3. Erectile dysfunction.", + "The global prevalence of erectile dysfunction: a review." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the effect of regular aerobic exercise on diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIASTOLIC BP REDUCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "For screening BP of 160\u2013179 mmHg systolic or 100\u2013109 mmHg diastolic, prompt confirmation using either office or out-of-office methods is recommended.", + "In patients with hypertension, regular aerobic exercise substantially lowers systolic BP by up to 7\u20138 mmHg and diastolic BP by up to 4\u20135 mmHg.", + "A lower urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na+/K+ ratio; a surrogate for reduced dietary sodium intake complemented by increased potassium intake) has been associated with a greater reduction in systolic and diastolic BP than with a higher ratio." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes individuals with an office systolic BP of \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic BP of \u226590 mmHg, according to the 2024 Guidelines on hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with hypertension, regular aerobic exercise substantially lowers systolic BP by up to 7\u20138 mmHg and diastolic BP by up to 4\u20135 mmHg.", + "The 2024 Guidelines continue to define hypertension as office systolic BP of \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic BP of \u226590 mmHg.", + "For example, in addition to hypertensive adults with BP \u2265140/90 mmHg, there are individuals with an office systolic BP of 130\u2013139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80\u201389 mmHg who have sufficiently high CVD risk to recommend BP-lowering drug treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the journal that published the ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL" + ], + "context": [ + "ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice were published in the European Heart Journal.", + "journals.permissions@oup.com European Heart Journal (2024) 00, 1\u2013107 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 ESC GUIDELINES", + "European Heart Journal (2024) 00, 1\u2013107" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What tool is recommended for estimating 10-year cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients in Europe, especially for those under 60 years old?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCORE2-DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "influx and settlement of migrant populations in Europe have contributed to regional population growth and changes in its composition.", + "SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe.", + "however, formal risk estimation with the use of SCORE2-Diabetes among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients should be considered if they are aged <60 years." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What medication may be added if a patient's blood pressure remains above 140/90 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BETA-BLOCKER" + ], + "context": [ + "These ESC Guidelines do not include the terms \u2018controlled resistant hypertension\u2019 (BP at target but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not at target despite \u22655 medications).", + "(BP attarget but requiring \u22654 medications) or \u2018refractory hypertension\u2019 (BP not attarget despite \u22655 medications).", + "A beta-blocker may be added if BP remains >140/90 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of diuretic is recommended as part of combination therapy for black patients from Sub-Saharan Africa who require blood pressure lowering treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THIAZIDE DIURETIC" + ], + "context": [ + "the predominant group of European black ethnicity originates from sub-Saharan Africa.", + "In black patients from Sub-Saharan Africa who require BP-lowering treatment, combination therapy including a CCB combined with either a thiazide diuretic or a RAS blocker should be considered.", + "including a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author cited in the study about nocturnal hypertension associated with increased arterial stiffness and central blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NOLDE JM" + ], + "context": [ + "To achieve a non-treatment diastolic BP of 70\u201379 mmHg may be considered to reduce CVD risk.", + "For example, arterial stiffness better reclassifies CVD risk in individuals aged <50 years than in older individuals.", + "883. Nolde JM, Kiuchi MG, Lugo-Gavidia LM, Ho JK, Chan J, Matthews VB, et al. Nocturnal hypertension: a common phenotype in a tertiary clinical setting associated with increased arterial stiffness and central blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition do women with a history of gestational hypertension or hypertensive disorders in previous pregnancies have a higher risk of experiencing again in subsequent pregnancies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRE-ECLAMPSIA" + ], + "context": [ + "About 20%\u201330% of women with hypertensive disorders in a previous pregnancy will experience recurrence in a subsequent pregnancy.", + "Brown MA, Mackenzie C, Dunsmuir W, Roberts L, Ikin K, Matthews J, etal. Can we predict recurrence of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension? BJOG 2007;114:984\u201393.", + "Women with gestational hypertension, especially those with pre-eclampsia, have higher risk of masked hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What biomarker is used to assess heart muscle damage, particularly indicated by levels exceeding the 99th percentile upper reference limit?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN" + ], + "context": [ + "hs-cTnT or I >99th percentile upper reference limit, NT-proBNP >125 pg/mL if age <75 years or >450 pg/mL if \u226575 years.", + "hs-cTnT or I >99th percentile upper reference limit, NT-proBNP >125 pg/mL if age <75 years or >450 pg/mL if \u226575 years, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 irrespective of albuminuria.", + "High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and/or NT-proBNP Assessing HMOD." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on the effect of blood pressure control in early pregnancy among African American women with chronic hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HEIMBERGER S" + ], + "context": [ + "In pregnant women with chronic hypertension, starting drug treatment is recommended for those with confirmed office systolic BP \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic BP \u226590 mmHg.", + "Effect of blood pressure control in early pregnancy and clinical outcomes in African American women with chronic hypertension.", + "Heimberger S, Perdigao JL, Mueller A, Shahul S, Naseem H, Minhas R, etal. Effect of blood pressure control in early pregnancy and clinical outcomes in African American women with chronic hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of specific alterations are included in the definition of HMOD among patients with chronically elevated blood pressure or hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VASCULAR ALTERATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "ABPM if possible and regular review important, particularly if change in frailty.", + "ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure measurement; BP, blood pressure.", + "As outlined in Section 7, we define HMOD among patients with chronically elevated BP or hypertension as the presence of specific cardiac, vascular, and renal alterations." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the treatment of hypertension in adults, particularly those aged 60 years or older, that includes the use of medications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARMACOTHERAPY" + ], + "context": [ + "Hypertension guidelines emphasize the importance of integrating dietary interventions alongside pharmacotherapy.", + "Musini VM, Tejani AM, Bassett K, Puil L, Wright JM. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older.", + "armacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What factor must be \u22644.5 mmol/L for the use of spironolactone in patients with an eGFR of \u226530 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLASMA POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension.", + "In patients with decreased eGFR (i.e. <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension.", + "Therefore, spironolactone should be restricted to patients with an eGFR of \u226530 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2 and a plasma potassium concentration of \u22644.5 mmol/L." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the categorization system that indicates the strength of a recommendation in clinical practice guidelines, such as those provided by the ESC?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLASS OF RECOMMENDATION" + ], + "context": [ + "aClass of recommendation. bLevel of evidence.", + "b Level of evidence.", + "ESC Guidelines" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is commonly associated with the recommendation of beta-blockers and RAS blockers for patients requiring blood pressure-lowering treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "CCBs are generally considered safe pre-operatively.", + "ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, CCBs, and diuretics have demonstrated effective reduction of BP and CV events in RCTs.", + "In patients with a history of myocardial infarction who require BP-lowering treatment, beta-blockers and RAS blockers are recommended as part of that treatment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of intensive glucose control and blood pressure-lowering therapy in people with type 2 diabetes was evaluated in the ADVANCE trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SAFETY" + ], + "context": [ + "The impact of frailty on the effectiveness and safety of intensive glucose control and blood pressure-lowering therapy for people with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial.", + "safety of intensive glucose control and blood pressure-lowering therapy for people with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial.", + "The im-pact of frailty on the effectiveness and safety of intensive glucose control and blood pressure-lowering therapy for people with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who explored orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FLEG JL" + ], + "context": [ + "While the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial reported a null primary endpoint for more intensive BP targets in diabetes, stroke was marginally reduced.", + "730. Fleg JL, Evans GW, Margolis KL, Barzilay J, Basile JN, Bigger JT, et al. explored orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD trial.", + "Fleg JL, Evans GW, Margolis KL, Barzilay J, Basile JN, Bigger JT, et al. investigated orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD blood pressure trial." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure monitoring allows patients to measure their blood pressure in the comfort of their own home?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING" + ], + "context": [ + "\u00a9ESC 2024.", + "Nocturnal readings not usually possible", + "\u00a9ESC 2024 ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the clinical practice guideline on pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MURAD MH" + ], + "context": [ + "J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:1915\u201342. https:/ /doi.org/10. 1210/jc.2014-1498", + "Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.", + "Lenders JW, Duh QY, Eisenhofer G, Gimenez-Roqueplo A-P, Grebe SKG, Murad MH, et al. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who was one of the authors involved in the study of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of coronary heart disease, alongside Buyken AE, von Eckardstein A, and Schulte H?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASSMANN G" + ], + "context": [ + "BP-lowering drugs can reduce CVD risk even among individuals not traditionally classified as hypertensive.", + "Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) - Diabetes risk - prediction model should be considered to confirm CVD risk is sufficiently high (\u226510%) among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are aged <60 years.", + "Buyken AE, von Eckardstein A, Schulte H, Cullen P, Assmann G studied the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of coronary heart disease." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What medication was recommended for administration if appropriate, according to the 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MAGNESIUM SULFATE" + ], + "context": [ + "The 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension did not recommend the use of device-based therapies for routine treatment of hypertension, unless in the context of clinical studies and RCTs.", + "The 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension introduced lower bounds of BP-lowering treatment targets.", + "Administration of magnesium sulfate if appropriate and consideration of delivery if appropriate was recommended." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the authors of the study that compares long-term outcomes for responders versus non-responders following renal denervation in resistant hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FENGLER K" + ], + "context": [ + "Preventing and treating elevated blood pressure Regular aerobic exercise is recommended.", + "Preventing and treating elevated blood pressure (renal denervation) Use of device-based therapies is not recommended for the routine treatment of hypertension, unless in the context of clinical studies and RCTs, until further evidence regarding their safety and efficacy becomes available.", + "Fengler K, Reimann P, Rommel KP, Kresoja K-P, Blazek S, Unterhuber M, etal. Comparison of long-term outcomes for responders versus non-responders following renal denervation in resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of document outlines the agreement between the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the ESC Council on Hypertension regarding personalized exercise prescription for hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CONSENSUS DOCUMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Personalized exercise prescription inthe prevention and treatment of arterial hyper- tension: aconsensus document from the European Association ofPreventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the ESC Council onHypertension." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment was found to be equivalent in blood pressure control and heart target organ damage when compared to clinic and ambulatory monitoring?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATMENT GUIDED BY HBPM" + ], + "context": [ + "A trial of treatment guided by HBPM vs. clinic and ambulatory monitoring found equivalence in BP control and HMOD." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the last name of the first author in the study on antihypertensive drug effects on long-term blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CANOY D" + ], + "context": [ + "Canoy D, Copland E, Nazarzadeh M, Ramakrishnan R, Pinho-Gomes A-C, Salam A, et al. Antihypertensive drug effects on long-term blood pressure: an individual-level data meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who was included in the task force that discussed age-specific risk thresholds for BP treatment decisions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENT MEMBERS" + ], + "context": [ + "The task force, which included patient members, felt that age-specific risk thresholds could result in BP treatment decisions being made solely based on age." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who discusses the prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure in current clinical practice?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VERDECCHIA P." + ], + "context": [ + "Verdecchia P. discusses the prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure in current clinical practice." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What health condition is associated with the increased risk observed in patients at both the lowest and highest blood pressure levels in the J-curve phenomenon?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "The J-curve phenomenon describes increased risk for CVD observed among patients with the lowest and highest BP in the dataset." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the criteria to exercise caution when treating individuals with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AGE \u226585 YEARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Exercise caution when considering treating persons with elevated BP and; Moderate-to-severe frailty, Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, Age \u226585 years." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What cardiovascular factor is associated with both low diastolic blood pressure and increased mortality?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STIFFNESS OF THE LARGE ARTERIES" + ], + "context": [ + "For instance, in addition to reverse causality, stiffness of the large arteries is associated with both low diastolic BP and increased mortality." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What journal published the study analyzing the association of cardiovascular risk factors with cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JAMA CARDIOLOGY" + ], + "context": [ + "Association of cardiovascular risk factors with cardiovascular disease after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is analyzed in a study published in JAMA Cardiology." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the abbreviation of the journal referenced in the citation from the New England Journal of Medicine published in 2001?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NENGL JMED" + ], + "context": [ + "NEngl JMed 2001;345:851\u201360. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa011303." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition might be identified through screening in young individuals with elevated blood pressure but without other increased cardiovascular disease risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HMOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Since SCORE2 has not been validated for individuals <40 years, screening for HMOD may be considered in such young individuals with elevated BP without other increased CVD risk conditions to identify additional individuals for possible medical treatment." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is associated with the Department of Medicine at DIMED, University of Padua in Italy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GIAN PAOLO ROSSI" + ], + "context": [ + "Gian Paolo Rossi, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary health risk that is reduced through lifestyle optimization and blood pressure-lowering medication in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with diabetic or non-diabetic moderate-to-severe CKD and confirmed BP \u2265 130/80 mmHg, lifestyle optimization and BP-lowering medication are recommended to reduce CVD risk, provided such treatment is well tolerated." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the medical term used to describe the condition of consistently elevated blood pressure, particularly in discussions related to young adults, pregnancy, and older age?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Measurement and management of blood pressure in young adults and the discussion surrounding hypertension in pregnancy and old age." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk-prediction models varies among them, particularly in relation to their outputs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PREDICTED ENDPOINTS" + ], + "context": [ + "10-year cardiovascular disease risk-prediction models differ in their input variables, predicted endpoints (outputs), and populations in which they were derived and validated." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the condition being assessed in treat-to-target trials for BP-lowering drugs among drug-na\u00efve individuals with baseline BP of 120\u2013129 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INCREASED CVD RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Treat-to-target trials specifically testing BP-lowering drugs among drug-na\u00efve persons with baseline BP of 120\u2013129 mmHg and increased CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the common abbreviation used in medical guidelines to refer to blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, etal. ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes.", + "ESC Guidelines 43." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is a significant concern when treating primary aldosteronism with diuretics, particularly comparing chlorthalidone to hydrochlorothiazide?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RISK OF HYPOKALAEMIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Primary aldosteronism is mostly asymptomatic, and can lead to spontaneous or diuretic-provoked hypokalaemia and HMOD.", + "Of note, the risk of hypokalaemia was higher in the chlorthalidone group than in the hydrochlorothiazide group." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition may be present in patients with orthostatic hypotension, despite their overall low blood pressure when standing?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUPINE ELEVATED BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Orthostatic hypotension and its relationship with supine hypertension.", + "Patients with orthostatic hypotension need not be hypotensive and indeed, many have supine elevated BP or supine hypertension." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of renal denervation has been shown to demonstrate BP-lowering efficacy over 24 hours in several randomized, sham-controlled trials, particularly for resistant hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ULTRASOUND RENAL DENERVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Several randomized, sham-controlled trials have been published, demonstrating a BP-lowering efficacy over 24h.", + "As discussed in Section 8.6.1, several randomized, sham-controlled trials have been published, demonstrating a BP-lowering efficacy over 24h for radiofrequency and ultrasound renal denervation in a broad spectrum of hypertension, including resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of studies have shown that ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, CCBs, and diuretics effectively reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RCTS" + ], + "context": [ + "salt restriction, thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics, and CCBs appear particularly useful in black patients with hypertension.", + "ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, CCBs, and diuretics have demonstrated effective reduction of BP and CV events in RCTs." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What imaging test is commonly used to assess abdominal vascular conditions in patients with hypertension who may have specific cardiovascular complications?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND" + ], + "context": [ + "ABI Ankle\u2013brachial index, ABPM Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes.", + "Other tests assessing the vasculature should also be considered in patients with hypertension when specific cardiovascular complications are clinically suspected." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What imaging technique can be used to measure plaque in the carotid artery for improved cardiovascular risk stratification?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAROTID PLAQUE" + ], + "context": [ + "A CAC score of >100 Agatston units or \u226575th percentile for age, sex, and ethnicity favours up-classification of CVD risk.", + "Measuring CAC score, carotid or femoral plaque using ultrasound, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin or B-type natriuretic peptide biomarkers, or arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity, may be considered to improve risk stratification among patients." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of home blood pressure monitoring is highlighted in the position paper by the European Society of Hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRACTICAL APPLICATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Comparison of home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring indicates overlap between the two in differentiating hypertensive phenotypes.", + "Parati G, Stergiou GS, Bilo G, Kollias A, Pengo M, Ochoa J, et al. Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the working group on blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular variability of the European Society of Hypertension." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of medication is discussed in relation to their dose-response relationships and effects on cognitive function in elderly patients with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS" + ], + "context": [ + "Dose-response relationships with antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1992;55:53\u201393. https:/ /doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(92)90029-y", + "Johnston GD. Dose-response relationships with antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1992;55:53\u201393.", + "Yang W, Luo H, Ma Y, Si S, Zhao H. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on cognitive function in elderly patients with hypertension: a review. Aging Dis 2021;12:841\u201351. https:/ /doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.1111" + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What environmental factor is commonly associated with non-dipping in blood pressure aside from conditions like diabetes and autonomic dysfunction?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OLD AGE" + ], + "context": [ + "Orthostatic hypotension and its relationship with supine hypertension.", + "This task force also considered the fact that a proportion of patients with diabetes have orthostatic hypotension due to diabetic neuropathy, which might affect the tolerability of BP lowering.", + "Environmental factors, including sleep duration and higher humidity, nocturia, OSAS, obesity, high salt intake in salt-sensitive patients, orthostatic hypotension, autonomic dysfunction, CKD, diabetic neuropathy/diabetes, and old age are associated with non-dipping." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the study about outcomes of intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BARSAN WG" + ], + "context": [ + "Salt and cardiovascular disease: insufficient evidence to recommend low sodium intake.", + "Whelton SP, McEvoy JW, Shaw L, Psaty BM, Lima JAC, Budoff M,etal. Association of normal systolic blood pressure level with cardiovascular disease in the absence of risk factors.", + "Qureshi AI, Huang W, Lobanova I, Barsan WG, Hanley DF, Hsu CY, etal. Outcomes of intensive systolic blood pressure reduction in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and excessively high initial systolic blood pressure: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What information is provided in Table 5 regarding the classification of blood pressure management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIAGNOSTIC THRESHOLDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure management classifications include non-elevated BP, elevated BP, and hypertension categorized by specific metrics.", + "However, a new BP category called \u2018Elevated BP\u2019 is introduced.", + "The diagnostic thresholds for elevated BP and hypertension using ABPM are provided in Table 5." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the potential consequence of long-term blood pressure variability in older adults, as discussed in the study by Ernst et al. published in the Journal of the American Heart Association?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COGNITIVE DECLINE" + ], + "context": [ + "Hypertensive emergency is defined as BP of \u2265180/110 mmHg associated with acute HMOD, often in the presence of symptoms.", + "Blood pressure and dementia.", + "849. Ernst ME, Ryan J, Chowdhury EK, Margolis KL, Beilin LJ, Reid CM, et al. Long-term blood pressure variability and risk of cognitive decline and dementia among older adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2021;10:e019613. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.019613." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What specific group of patients should be considered for personalized blood pressure-lowering treatment targets due to their age?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PEOPLE AGED \u226585 YEARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Because the CVD benefit of a non-treatment systolic BP target of 120\u2013129 mmHg may not generalize to the following specific settings, personalized and more lenient BP targets (e.g. <140 mmHg) should be considered among patients meeting the following criteria: pre-treatment symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, and/or age \u226585 years.", + "In addition to adults with significant frailty and/or who are \u226585 years of age, the evidence for a BP-lowering treatment target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg may also not generalize to patients with pre-treatment symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, limited predicted lifespan (e.g. <3 years), and/or high levels of competing risk for non-CVD death including CKD with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2.", + "Accordingly, personalized BP-lowering treatment should be instituted in people aged \u226585 years and/or those with significant frailty." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is commonly used to refer to individuals involved in clinical studies and trials related to pharmacological treatments?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARTICIPANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "The pharmacological treatment for hypertension has insufficient evidence confirming its efficacy and safety.", + "the safety and efficacy of BP treatment is less certain in individuals with moderate or severe frailty.", + "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.09.038" + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the latest version of the guidelines that addresses the requirements for Class I recommendations regarding drug or procedural interventions related to cardiovascular disease outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESC 2024" + ], + "context": [ + "The current guidelines require that for a Class I recommendation to be made for a drug or procedural intervention, the evidence must show benefit on CVD outcomes and not only BP lowering.", + "The main goal of reducing BP is to prevent adverse CVD outcomes.", + "ESC Guidelines" + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Which potassium-sparing medication should be monitored for serum potassium levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPIRONOLACTONE" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with CKD and/or those taking potassium-sparing medication, such as some diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs or spironolactone, serum levels of potassium should be monitored." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the nationwide cross-sectional study on hypertension in young adults conducted in Sweden?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RIETZ H" + ], + "context": [ + "Rietz H, Pennlert J, Nordstr\u00f6m P, Brunstr\u00f6m M. Prevalence, time-trends, and clinical characteristics of hypertension in young adults: nationwide cross-sectional study of 1.7 million Swedish 18-year-olds, 1969\u20132010." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the study on hypertension management in older and frail older patients by Benetos A, Petrovic M, and Strandberg T?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PETROVIC M" + ], + "context": [ + "Benetos A, Petrovic M, Strandberg T. Hypertension management in older and frail older patients." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What procedure is not recommended as a first-line BP-lowering intervention for hypertension due to insufficient safety and cardiovascular disease benefits?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RENAL DENERVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Due to lack of adequately powered outcomes trials demonstrating its safety and CVD benefits, renal denervation is not recommended as a first-line BP-lowering intervention for hypertension." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of hypertension is characterized by a greater prevalence among Black patients, particularly those with low-renin levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SALT-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Black patients have a greater prevalence of low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension and may be more predisposed to HMOD than white patients, possibly in part due to increased vascular stiffness." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of hypertension do sympathetic PPGLs typically present with?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EPISODIC HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Sympathetic PPGLs are usually secreting and present with chronic, episodic, or labile hypertension." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which organization is part of the collaboration for establishing a universal standard for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices alongside the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and the International Organization for Standardization?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "A universal standard for the validation of blood pressure measuring devices: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/ International Organization for Standardization collaboration statement." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on a plasma renin test-guided drug treatment algorithm for treating uncontrolled hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGAN BM" + ], + "context": [ + "Egan BM, Basile JN, Rehman SU, Davis PB, Grob CH 3rd, Riehle JF, et al. Plasma renin test - guided drug treatment algorithm for correcting patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomized controlled trial." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study discussing the impact of nonpharmacologic blood pressure reduction on coronary heart disease events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ERLINGER TP" + ], + "context": [ + "870. Erlinger TP, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Appel LJ. The potential impact of nonpharmacologic population-wide blood pressure reduction on coronary heart disease events: pronounced benefits in African-Americans and hypertensives." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of health outcomes were reported by the ALLHAT Officers Coordinators in their study comparing doxazosin and chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "The ALLHAT Officers Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group reported on major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin versus chlorthalidone." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What arrhythmia is being assessed for detection through pulse palpation according to the systematic review by Cooke, Doust, and Sanders?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ATRIAL FIBRILLATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Cooke G, Doust J, Sanders S. Is pulse palpation helpful in detecting atrial fibrillation? A systematic review." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study is commonly used to combine and analyze data from multiple studies, particularly in the context of individualized treatment strategies like beta-blocker therapy for high blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Mancia G, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Pathak A, Grassi G, Esler M discussed individualized beta-blocker treatment for high blood pressure based on medical comorbidities." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What intravenous medication is recommended for immediately reducing systolic blood pressure to less than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure to less than 105 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NICARDIPINE" + ], + "context": [ + "Immediately reducing systolic BP to <160 mmHg and diastolic BP to <105 mmHg using i.v. labetalol or nicardipine is recommended." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the assessment that includes factors like hypertension to evaluate an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD RISK PROFILE" + ], + "context": [ + "Hypertension is predominantly an asymptomatic condition that is typically detected by systematic or opportunistic screening in a healthcare setting." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What scoring system should be used to calculate the 10-year predicted cardiovascular disease risk for a Class I patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus under 60 years old?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCORE2" + ], + "context": [ + "Calculate SCORE2 or SCORE2-OP (Class I) Patient with T2DM (only) and <60 years old 10-year predicted CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe blood pressure measurements taken during a medical office visit for diagnosing hypertension with superimposed gestational hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OFFICE BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Hyperten- sion with superimposed gestational hypertension, or hypertension with subclinical HMOD, when office BP is >140/90 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What year did the randomized RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial report on the three-year follow-up for blood pressure reduction after ultrasound renal denervation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2022" + ], + "context": [ + "Long-term, non-randomized, follow-up data from the Global Symplicity Registry, Symplicity HTN-3 trial, Spyral HTN-ON MED pilot trial, and A Study of the Recor Medical Paradise System in Clinical Hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN) SOLO trial indicate a sustained BP-lowering effect for up to 3 years.", + "Durability of blood pressure reduction after ultrasound renal denervation: three-year follow-up of the treatment arm of the randomised RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended diastolic blood pressure threshold for initiating drug treatment in women with gestational hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIASTOLIC BP \u226590 MMHG" + ], + "context": [ + "In women with gestational hypertension, starting drug treatment is recommended for those with confirmed systolic BP \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic BP \u226590 mmHg.", + "In women with gestational hypertension, starting drug treatment is recommended for those with confirmed office systolic BP \u2265140 mmHg or diastolic BP \u226590 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the process of identifying primary aldosteronism through tests such as aldosterone-renin ratio and adrenal vein sampling?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIAGNOSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "In sporadic forms, unilateral primary aldosteronism is distinguished from bilateral primary aldosteronism by adrenal vein sampling or functional imaging with radiolabelled tracers.", + "Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism includes tests such as aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) and adrenal vein sampling." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who collaborated with the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration to develop the SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCORE OP WORKING GROUP" + ], + "context": [ + "SCORE OP working group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration: SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions.", + "SCORE OP working group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration published the SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms for estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What population was studied in relation to pharmacotherapy for hypertension according to Musini et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADULTS 60 YEARS OR OLDER" + ], + "context": [ + "Bidel Z, Nazarzadeh M, Canoy D, Copland E, Gerdts E, Woodward M examined sex-specific effects of blood pressure lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.", + "Musini VM, Tejani AM, Bassett K, Puil L, Wright JM. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended frequency for repeating assessments of serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine ACR in patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe CKD?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Renal function is evaluated initially using serum creatinine and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation (preferably race-free CKD-EPI) and typically for proteinuria.", + "If moderate-to-severe CKD is diagnosed, it is recommended to repeat measurements of serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine ACR at least annually." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the recommended first-line blood pressure-lowering medications for treating hypertension in pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LABETALOL" + ], + "context": [ + "Hydralazine can be particularly effective for severe hypertension in pregnancy and can be administered intravenously in hypertensive admissions.", + "Dihydropyridine CCBs (preferably extended-release nifedipine), labetalol, and methyldopa are recommended first-line BP-lowering medications for treating hypertension in pregnancy." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe high blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and typically resolves within six weeks after childbirth?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Chappell LC, Tucker KL, Galal U, Yu L-M, Campbell H, Rivero-Arias O, et al. Effect of self-monitoring of blood pressure on blood pressure control in pregnant individuals with chronic or gestational hypertension: the BUMP 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2022;327:1666\u201378. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.4726", + "Gestational hypertension develops after 20 weeks of gestation and usually resolves within 6 weeks post-partum." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment is recommended for pregnant women with persistently elevated blood pressure or gestational hypertension when certain thresholds are met?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP-LOWERING DRUG TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "In consultation with an obstetrician, low- to moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in all pregnant women without contraindications to reduce the risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.", + "Self-monitoring at home is not yet proven to be effective in gestational hypertension.", + "Despite a historical paucity of trial data, previous European guidelines recommended initiating BP-lowering drug treatment (i) in all women with persistently elevated office BP of \u2265150/90 mmHg, and (ii) in women with gestational hypertension (with or without proteinuria), pre-existing hypertension with superimposed gestational hypertension, or hypertension with subclinical HMOD, when office BP is >140/90 mmHg." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended timing for measuring blood pressure in women after they have given birth?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DELIVERY" + ], + "context": [ + "While the role of optional tests for HMOD in the management of elevated BP is emphasized in these guidelines, we also note that these tests may help to optimize treatment in hypertensive adults with BP of >140/90 mmHg who are prescribed BP-lowering therapy.", + "betold what their current BP is.", + "For women with hypertension during pregnancy, BP should be measured within 6 hours of delivery and, if possible, daily for at least a week after discharge from the hospital." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What age group is specifically referenced in the context of defining thresholds for home blood pressure monitoring?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OCTOGENARIANS" + ], + "context": [ + "\u00a9ESC 2024 BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.", + "\u00a9ESC 2024 ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system.", + "Defining thresholds for home blood pressure monitoring in octogenarians." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What laboratory value is primarily used to evaluate renal function and can indicate the severity of kidney impairment when it falls below 30 mL/min/1.73 m\u00b2?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGFR" + ], + "context": [ + "Renal function is evaluated initially using serum creatinine and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation (preferably race-free CKD-EPI) and typically for proteinuria.", + "In patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension.", + "In patients with decreased eGFR (i.e. <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) an adequately up-titrated loop diuretic is necessary to define resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the practical algorithm discussed for managing hypertension effectively?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHARMACOLOGICAL BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING" + ], + "context": [ + "A practical algorithm for intensive, effective, and tolerable blood pressure lowering with drug therapy, including considerations around single-pill combinations.", + "The algorithm for hypertension management based on cardiovascular risk is discussed, noting limitations in applicability for young adults.", + "Practical algorithm for pharmacological blood pressure lowering." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is mentioned as being associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events in individuals with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CKD" + ], + "context": [ + "For patients with elevated BP, the presence of diabetes, familial hypercholesterolaemia, established CVD, CKD, or HMOD confers increased CVD risk.", + "Recommendation Table 3\u2014Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with elevated blood pressure.", + "It is recommended to use a risk-based approach in the treatment of elevated BP, and individuals with moderate or severe CKD, established CVD, HMOD, diabetes mellitus, or familial hypercholesterolaemia are considered at increased risk for CVD events." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the amount of time from the initiation to the discontinuation of therapy in the context of hypertension treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERSISTENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Egan BM, Kjeldsen SE, Narkiewicz K, Kreutz R, Burnier M examined single-pill combinations, hypertension control and clinical outcomes in their article addressing potential, pitfalls and solutions.", + "Single-pill combinations improve persistence in BP-lowering treatment.", + "Persistence represents the amount of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition related to heart rate can be detected through pulse palpation during blood pressure measurement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARRHYTHMIAS" + ], + "context": [ + "BP measurement by manual auscultation: three BP measurements should be taken, each 1\u20132 min apart, and additional measurements only if the readings differ by >10 mmHg.", + "It is recommended that all patients undergoing BP measurement also undergo pulse palpation at rest to determine heart rate and arrhythmias such as AF.", + "pulse palpation at rest to determine heart rate and arrhythmias such as AF." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Which class of blood pressure medications is known for its robust evidence in reducing cardiovascular disease events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIHYDROPYRIDINE CCBS" + ], + "context": [ + "The major drug classes with robust evidence for BP-mediated reduction in CVD events are ACE inhibitors, ARBs, dihydropyridine CCBs, diuretics, and beta-blockers." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is an important characteristic to consider when determining the blood pressure target for a patient, alongside the tolerability of BP-lowering treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRAILTY" + ], + "context": [ + "Frailty can occur at different ages and is, together with tolerability of BP-lowering treatment, an important characteristic when considering the BP target for a given patient." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on directly observed therapy for resistant/refractory hypertension published in the journal Heart in 2022?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PIO-ABREU A" + ], + "context": [ + "Pio-Abreu A, Trani-Ferreira F, Silva GV, Bortolotto LA, Drager LF. Directly observed therapy for resistant/refractory hypertension diagnosis and blood pressure control. Heart 2022;108:1952\u20136." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the full name of the organization that encompasses Working Groups focused on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, e-Cardiology, and Thrombosis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY" + ], + "context": [ + "Working Group (WG) Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, WG e-Cardiology, WG Thrombosis, of the European Society of Cardiology, European Primary Care Cardiology Society (EPCCS)." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the benefits of blood pressure lowering treatments in hypertension compared to the discontinuation of these treatments due to adverse drug events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OUTCOME REDUCTIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering treatment in hypertension: Outcome reductions vs. discontinuations because of adverse drug events\u2014meta-analyses of randomized trials." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organization released a scientific statement on the management of stage 1 hypertension in adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the study on gender/sex as a social determinant of cardiovascular risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KAVANAGH A" + ], + "context": [ + "O\u2019Neil A, Scovelle AJ, Milner AJ, Kavanagh A. Gender/sex as a social determinant of cardiovascular risk." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on the use of sacubitril-valsartan for treating apparent resistant hypertension in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JHUND PS" + ], + "context": [ + "Jackson AM, Jhund PS, Anand IS, D\u00fcngen H-D, Lam CSP, Lefkowitz MP, etal. Sacubitril-valsartan as a treatment for apparent resistant hypertension in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the negative impact of hypertension on organs, often associated with conditions like chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION-MEDIATED ORGAN DAMAGE (HMOD)" + ], + "context": [ + "BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; SCORE2, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2; SCORE2-OP, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2\u2013Older Persons." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition do inpatients with symptomatic heart failure typically have that is treated with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HFREF" + ], + "context": [ + "Inpatients with symptomatic HFrEF/HFmrEF, the following treatments with BP-lowering effects are recommended to improve outcomes: ACE inhibitors (or ARBs if ACE inhibitors are not tolerated) or ARNi, beta-blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What area of focus did Navar AM, Pencina MJ, and Peterson ED address in their assessment of cardiovascular risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Navar AM, Pencina MJ, Peterson ED assessed cardiovascular risk to guide hypertension diagnosis and treatment." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the maximum percentage of energy intake that should come from free sugar consumption, especially from sugar-sweetened beverages?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENERGY INTAKE" + ], + "context": [ + "It is recommended to restrict free sugar consumption, in particular sugar-sweetened beverages, to a maximum of 10% of energy intake." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What populations were generally excluded from the studies that informed the efficacy for our recommended treatment target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TRIALS" + ], + "context": [ + "Efficacy for our recommended treatment target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg do not necessarily apply to moderately-to-severely frail adults who were generally excluded from trials." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the symposium report focused on improving the management of hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KREUTZ R" + ], + "context": [ + "Pathak A, Poulter NR, Kavanagh M, Kreutz R, Burnier M. Improving the management of hypertension by tackling awareness, adherence, and clinical inertia: a symposium report." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of birth was reduced in occurrence among pregnant women with chronic hypertension when treated with a blood pressure of \u2265140/90 mmHg in the CHAP trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MEDICALLY INDICATED PRE-TERM BIRTH" + ], + "context": [ + "In the CHAP trial, treating pregnant women with chronic hypertension and BP of \u2265140/90 mmHg reduced the occurrence of pre-eclampsia with severe features, and reduced medically indicated pre-term birth <35 weeks, compared with only treating severe hypertension (BP \u2265160/105 mmHg)." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure measurement is recommended for screening hypertension, particularly in patients with high cardiovascular disease risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OFFICE BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Screening for hypertension by office BP High CVD risk conditions or SCORE2/SCORE2-OP \u226510% or SCORE2/SCORE2-OP 5% \u2013 <10% + risk modifiers \u226540 years? Non-elevated BP <120/70 mmHg Elevated BP 120\u2013139/70\u201389 mmHg Hypertension 140\u2013159/90\u201399 mmHg Hypertension 160\u2013179/100\u2013109 mmHg Hypertension \u2265180/110 mmHg Opportunistic BP screening at least every 3 years (Class IIa) Opportunistic BP screening at least every year (Class IIa) Evaluate for hypertensive emergency (Class I)Confirm BP preferably with either home or ambulatory BP measurements (Class I)Confirm BP promptly preferably with either home or ambulatory BP measurements (Class I)." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the study comparing intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine for managing severe gestational hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BRIGGS L" + ], + "context": [ + "In severe hypertension in pregnancy: drug treatment with i.v. labetalol, oral methyldopa, or oral nifedipine is recommended.", + "Ehikioya E, Okobi OE, Beeko MAE, Abanga R, Abah NNI, Briggs L, etal. Comparing intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine for managing severe gestational hypertension." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the ability of a test to accurately identify those without a condition, particularly in the context of office blood pressure measurements compared to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPECIFITY" + ], + "context": [ + "\u00a9ESC 2024 ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system.", + "Office BP has lower specificity than ABPM for detecting hypertension, making office BP alone less desirable for establishing a diagnosis." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which class of BP-lowering medications should be avoided in pregnant patients due to potential risks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARBS" + ], + "context": [ + "Dihydropyridine CCBs (preferably extended-release nifedipine), labetalol, and methyldopa are recommended first-line BP-lowering medications for treating hypertension in pregnancy.", + "Of note, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and dihydropyridine CCBs are examples of BP-lowering medications that appear to have less impact on orthostatic hypotension." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition in patients may warrant the consideration of RAS blockers for blood pressure management during treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Patients undergoing treatment with mechanical thrombectomy (with or without i.v. thrombolysis) there is limited evidence from clinical trials, but BP should also be lowered to <180/105 mmHg prior to thrombectomy and maintained over the next 24h.", + "In patients with a history of aortic valve stenosis and/or regurgitation who require BP-lowering treatment, RAS blockers should be considered as part of that treatment." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What class of medication does sacubitril/valsartan belong to, which is known for its efficacy in treating hypertension and has benefits in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARNI" + ], + "context": [ + "Rakugi H, Kario K, Yamaguchi M, Sasajima T, Gotou H, Zhang J. Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.", + "For example, the angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) sacubitril/valsartan, which was initially developed for hypertension, reduces CVD mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What class of medication is recommended for patients with symptomatic HFrEF/HFmrEF to improve outcomes and has BP-lowering effects, alongside ACE inhibitors, ARBs, ARNi, beta-blockers, and SGLT2 inhibitors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MRAS" + ], + "context": [ + "Inpatients with symptomatic HFrEF/HFmrEF, the following treatments with BP-lowering effects are recommended to improve outcomes: ACE inhibitors (or ARBs if ACE inhibitors are not tolerated) or ARNi, beta-blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors.", + "In patients with symptomatic HFrEF/HFmrEF, the following treatments with BP-lowering effects are recommended to improve outcomes: ACE inhibitors (or ARBs if ACE inhibitors are not tolerated) or ARNi, beta-blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the analysis of initial monotherapy versus combination therapy in hypertension control?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YU-ISENBERG KS" + ], + "context": [ + "Choudhry NK, Kronish IM, Vongpatanasin W, Ferdinand KC, Pavlik VN, Egan BM, et al. Medication adherence and blood pressure control: a scientific statement from the American heart association.", + "Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR, Wagner CS, Zhao Y, Yu-Isenberg KS analyzed initial monotherapy versus combination therapy and hypertension control in the first year." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What laboratory test is recommended to measure in all patients with hypertension alongside serum creatinine and eGFR?", + "golden_answers": [ + "URINE ACR" + ], + "context": [ + "Renal denervation is not recommended for treating hypertension in patients with moderate-to-severely impaired renal function (eGFR <40 mL/min/1.73 m2) or secondary causes of hypertension, until further evidence becomes available.", + "It is recommended to measure serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine ACR in all patients with hypertension." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe ideas or topics that are connected to self-care?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient Lifestyle (inclusive of health behaviour and social context) Medications Multidisciplinary medical team Self-care Family", + "Self-care refers to individual responsibility for healthy lifestyle behaviors, as well as the actions required to cope with health conditions.", + "Delineation of self-care and associated concepts." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the frequency of hypertension-mediated organ damage as reported in the study by Vasan RS et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PREVALENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Rakugi H, Kario K, Yamaguchi M, Sasajima T, Gotou H, Zhang J. Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.", + "Ambulatory blood pressure: An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension.", + "Vasan RS et al. study hypertension-mediated organ damage: prevalence, correlates, and prognosis in the community." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What health risk is associated with the levels of 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Hundemer GL, Curhan GC, Yozamp N, Wang M, Vaidya A. Cardiometabolic outcomes and mortality in medically treated primary aldosteronism: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:51\u20139.<", + "Ma Y,HeFJ,Sun Q,Yuan C,Kieneker LM, Curhan GC, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk.", + "24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What measure is used to assess obesity in relation to the effects of blood pressure lowering?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BMI" + ], + "context": [ + "ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.", + "ARNi, angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.", + "Furthermore, the relative effect of BP lowering is relatively consistent across different categories of BMI as a measure of obesity." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the American Heart Association's scientific statement on orthostatic hypotension in adults with hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KENNY RA" + ], + "context": [ + "Management of stage 1 hypertension in adults with a low 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease: filling a guidance gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.", + "Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.", + "Juraschek SP, Cortez MM, Flack JM, Ghazi L, Kenny RA, Rahman M, et al. Orthostatic hypotension in adults with hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of medication is often administered after doxazosin or terazosin to help control blood pressure and manage adrenergic crises?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BETA-BLOCKER" + ], + "context": [ + "The ALLHAT Officers Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group studied major cardiovascular events in antihypertensive patients in a randomized trial.", + "The ALLHAT Officers Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group reported on major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin versus chlorthalidone.", + "Administering doxazosin or terazosin, followed by a beta-blocker, usually controls BP and adrenergic crises." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the abbreviation for the heart rhythm disease that is mentioned as not all patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and for which specific blood pressure management guidelines apply?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AF" + ], + "context": [ + "It is recommended to lower BP below 140/90 mmHg but not below 80 mmHg for diastolic BP.", + "Heart rhythm disease (including AF) Not all patients with heart rhythm disease, including those with AF, are at increased risk for CVD and, as such, the management of BP among patients with heart rhythm disease should be the same as for the general adult population.", + "Oscillometric devices are not typically validated for use in AF, and the manual auscultatory method is preferred in these circumstances when feasible." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What medical journal published articles discussing the benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure, as well as other related studies between 1987 and 2015?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LANCET" + ], + "context": [ + "Cruickshank JM, Thorp JM, Zacharias FJ discuss the benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure in their 1987 Lancet article.", + "Lancet 1996;347:1141\u20135. https:/ /doi.org/ 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90608-x.", + "Lancet 2015;385:1957\u201365. https:/ /doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14) 61942-5" + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the European Stroke Organisation guidelines on blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage?", + "golden_answers": [ + "G\u0104SECKI D" + ], + "context": [ + "960. Sandset EC, Anderson CS, Bath PM, Christensen H, Fischer U, G\u0105secki D, et al. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the comparative efficacy and safety study of blood pressure-lowering agents in adults with diabetes and kidney disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SALANTI G" + ], + "context": [ + "Palmer SC, Mavridis D, Navarese E, Craig JC, Tonelli M, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of blood pressure-lowering agents in adults with diabetes and kidney disease: a network meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the systematic review on the association between methods of assessing blood pressure variability and cardiovascular outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GOH CH" + ], + "context": [ + "Smith TO, Sillito JA, Goh CH, Abdel-Fattah A-R, Einarsson A, Soiza RL, et al. Association between different methods of assessing blood pressure variability and incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study that discusses the relationship between nonadherence to antihypertensive medications and pill burden in treatment-resistant hypertensive individuals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LAWSON AJ" + ], + "context": [ + "Lawson AJ, Hameed MA, Brown R, Cappuccio FP, George S, Hinton T, et al. Nonadherence to antihypertensive medications is related to pill burden in apparent treatment-resistant hypertensive individuals." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the Lancet Commission on hypertension call to action document?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASMA S" + ], + "context": [ + "1021. Olsen MH, Angell SY, Asma S, Boutouyrie P, Burger D, Chirinos JA, et al. A call to action and a life-course strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in the recent update on immune mechanisms in hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MITCHELL BM" + ], + "context": [ + "12.Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Smith HL, Arenaz CM, Goodlett BL, McDermott JG, Mitchell BM. Update on immune mechanisms in hypertension." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the analysis of the cost-effectiveness of hypertension guidelines in South Africa?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WEINSTEIN MC" + ], + "context": [ + "Gaziano TA, Steyn K, Cohen DJ, Weinstein MC, Opie LH analyze cost-effectiveness of hypertension guidelines in South Africa." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What guideline or organization recommends the exclusion of hypertensive emergency when ambulatory BP measurements show BP \u2265 180/110 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESC" + ], + "context": [ + "ambulatory BP measurements; \u2022It is recommended when BP\u2265180/110 mmHg that hypertensive emergency be excluded." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on intensive versus standard blood pressure control in SPRINT-eligible participants of ACCORD-BP?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUCKLEY LF" + ], + "context": [ + "Buckley LF, Dixon DL, Wohlford GF, Wijesinghe DS, Baker WL, Van Tassell BW. Intensive versus standard blood pressure control in SPRINT-eligible participants of ACCORD-BP." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the authors of the study on self-monitoring of blood pressure, specifically the one listed that includes \"Bosworth HB\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOSWORTH HB" + ], + "context": [ + "Sheppard JP, Tucker KL, Davison WJ, Stevens R, Aekplakorn W, Bosworth HB, et al. Self-monitoring of blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the initiative or program aimed at addressing socioeconomic deprivation as a risk factor in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KIMENAI DM" + ], + "context": [ + "Socioeconomic deprivation: an important, largely unrecognized risk factor in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the article examining initial antihypertensive treatment strategies and therapeutic inertia?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MERLINO L" + ], + "context": [ + "Rea F, Corrao G, Merlino L, Mancia G examined initial antihypertensive treatment strategies and therapeutic inertia in their article." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the investigation of orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD blood pressure trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARGOLIS KL" + ], + "context": [ + "Fleg JL, Evans GW, Margolis KL, Barzilay J, Basile JN, Bigger JT, et al. investigated orthostatic hypotension in the ACCORD blood pressure trial." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the overall strategy referred to when considering ABPM and HBPM as complementary approaches?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "ABPM and HBPM should be considered complementary and additive, rather than competing approaches to long-term BP management." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who are the authors of the study on hypertension in pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life that includes Boerwinkle E?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOERWINKLE E" + ], + "context": [ + "Garovic VD, Bailey KR, Boerwinkle E, Hunt SC, Weder AB, Curb D, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor did Cardoso CRL and Salles GF evaluate for its prognostic value in cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in resistant hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHANGES IN AORTIC STIFFNESS" + ], + "context": [ + "Cardoso CRL, Salles GF. Prognostic value of changes in aortic stiffness for cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in resistant hypertension: a cohort study." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition, when present with elevated blood pressure, is associated with a sufficiently high risk for cardiovascular events that may warrant consideration for BP-lowering therapy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE" + ], + "context": [ + "It is recommended to use a risk-based approach in the treatment of elevated BP, and individuals with moderate or severe CKD, established CVD, HMOD, diabetes mellitus, or familial hypercholesterolaemia are considered at increased risk for CVD events.", + "Certain conditions on their own are associated with sufficient CVD risk such that patients with elevated BP alongside these conditions can be considered for BP-lowering therapy." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is a notable author involved in both cardiovascular disease research and a controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BHATT DL" + ], + "context": [ + "Klooster CCV, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Massaro JM, Dorresteijn JAN, Westerink J, et al. Predicting 10-year risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and cardiovascular interventions in patients with established cardiovascular disease: results from UCC-SMART and REACH.", + "Bhatt DL, Kandzari DE, O\u2019Neill WW, D\u2019Agostino R, Flack JM, Katzen BT, etal. A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What population-based study focused on blood pressure among African Americans, as referenced in the works of Thomas SJ and colleagues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JACKSON HEART STUDY" + ], + "context": [ + "884. Thomas SJ, Booth JN III, Jaeger BC, Hubbard D, Sakhuja S, Abdalla M, et al. Association of sleep characteristics with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure in the CARDIA study.", + "889. Thomas SJ, Booth JN III, Bromfield SG, Seals SR, Spruill TM, Ogedegbe G, et al. Clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in a population-based sample of African Americans: the Jackson heart study." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon standing, often leading to symptoms such as dizziness or fainting, particularly in older adults with frailty?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYMPTOMATIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Apparent resistant hypertension N N N a Initial monotherapy preferred Elevated BP category (120/70\u2013139/89 mmHg) Moderate-to-severe frailty Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension Age \u226585 years.", + "Moderate-to-severe frailty Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension Age \u226585 years." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the research on isolated systolic hypertension and its risk for cardiovascular disease as mentioned in the studies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GARSIDE DB" + ], + "context": [ + "Wong ND, Glovaci D, Wong K, Malik S, Franklin SS, Wygant G, et al. Global cardiovascular disease risk assessment in United States adults with diabetes.", + "Yano Y, Stamler J, Garside DB, Daviglus ML, Franklin SS, Carnethon MR, et al. Isolated systolic hypertension in young and middle-aged adults and 31-year risk for cardiovascular disease: a report from a community study." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What medication was evaluated in the PATHWAY-2 trial for its effectiveness in treating drug-resistant hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPIRONOLACTONE" + ], + "context": [ + "Williams B and colleagues compared spironolactone and other treatments for drug-resistant hypertension in the PATHWAY-2 trial.", + "Add spironolactone (Class IIa)." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to refer to the recommendations for managing high-risk patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "Predicting 10-year risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and cardiovascular interventions in patients with established cardiovascular disease: results from UCC-SMART and REACH.", + "Consequently, many patients with hypertension will have an estimated 10-year risk for CVD events of \u226510%, which, for the purposes of these guidelines, is considered sufficiently high risk to merit consideration of BP-lowering treatment in the setting of elevated BP." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who co-authored the study on blood pressure targets for adults with hypertension alongside Wright JM?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEIVA V" + ], + "context": [ + "Musini VM, Gueyffier F, Puil L, Salzwedel DM, Wright JM. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years.", + "Arguedas JA, Leiva V, and Wright JM examined blood pressure targets for adults with hypertension." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the medical journal that published the article by Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, and Caulfield M on hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LANCET" + ], + "context": [ + "19.References 1.Williams B,Mancia G,Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M,Burnier M,etal.2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.", + "Pathak A, Poulter NR, Kavanagh M, Kreutz R, Burnier M. Improving the management of hypertension by tackling awareness, adherence, and clinical inertia: a symposium report.", + "Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M. Hypertension." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What medication should be considered for patients with HFrEF who cannot tolerate spironolactone?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EPLERENONE" + ], + "context": [ + "In patients with HFrEF, it is recommended that BP-lowering treatment comprises an ACE inhibitor or ARB, a beta-blocker, and diuretic and/or MRA if required.", + "If spironolactone is not tolerated, eplerenone or other MRA, or beta-blockers (if not already indicated), should be considered.", + "If BP is not controlled with a three-drug combination and in whom spironolactone is not effective or tolerated, treatment with eplerenone instead of spironolactone, or the addition of a beta-blocker if not already indicated." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the key researchers associated with both the impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death and the prognostic implications of left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KANNEL WB" + ], + "context": [ + "Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D\u2019Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham heart study.", + "Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham heart study.", + "13.Levey D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham heart study." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the condition characterized by elevated systolic blood pressure in young individuals, as discussed in the research conducted by Eeftinck Schattenkerk et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION OF THE YOUNG" + ], + "context": [ + "875. van der Linden EL, Couwenhoven BN, Beune E, Daams JG, van den Born B-JH, Agyemang C. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control among ethnic minority populations in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Brouwer TF, Vehmeijer JT, Kalkman DN, Berger WR, van den Born B-JH, Peters RJ, et al. Intensive blood pressure lowering in patients with and patients without type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis from two randomized trials.", + "Eeftinck Schattenkerk DW, van Gorp J, Vogt L, Peters RJ, van den Born BH. Isolated systolic hypertension of the young and its association with central blood" + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study design was used to investigate the risk of myocardial infarction in men and women with type 2 diabetes in the UK?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COHORT STUDY" + ], + "context": [ + "Schmieder RE, Wassmann S, Predel HG, Weisser B, Blettenberg J, Gillessen A, et al. Improved persistence to medication, decreased cardiovascular events and reduced all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients with use of single-pill combinations: results from the START-study. Hypertension 2023;80:1127\u201335.", + "MD, Schmieder RE, etal. Cost-effectiveness of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension: an analysis for the UK based on recent clinical evidence.", + "Risk of myocardial infarction in men and women with type 2 diabetes in the UK: a cohort study using the general practice research database." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What conditions should be considered when assessing the appropriateness of blood pressure management in elderly patients, particularly regarding their overall health status?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SIGNIFICANT FRAILTY" + ], + "context": [ + "This should include assessing frailty, including cognitive status, risk of falls, propensity for symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, polypharmacy, and other co-morbid conditions.", + "The impact of very old age and frailty on blood pressure management.", + "In the absence of robust randomized evidence, several observational studies have suggested that lowering BP might not be warranted or even be harmful in patients with significant frailty or multimorbidity, particularly when BP is not very high." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure measurement is particularly pertinent for identifying individuals with elevated blood pressure who may still benefit from blood pressure-lowering treatment, especially those with readings between 130\u2013139 mmHg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OFFICE SYSTOLIC BP" + ], + "context": [ + "A lower urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na+/K+ ratio; a surrogate for reduced dietary sodium intake complemented by increased potassium intake) has been associated with a greater reduction in systolic and diastolic BP than with a higher ratio.", + "Hypertension diagnosis. As the efficacy of BP lowering on preventing CVD events extends down to a systolic BP of 120 mmHg and a diastolic BP of 70 mmHg, patients with elevated BP and increased CVD risk can also derive benefit from BP-lowering treatment.", + "For example, in addition to hypertensive adults with BP \u2265140/90 mmHg, there are individuals with an office systolic BP of 130\u2013139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80\u201389 mmHg who have sufficiently high CVD risk to recommend BP-lowering drug treatment." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the cost-effectiveness analysis involving a polypill in the context of cardiovascular disease management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRIMARY PREVENTION" + ], + "context": [ + "The REDUCE HTN: REINFORCE: randomized, sham-controlled trial of bipolar radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension.", + "Keywords Guidelines \u2022Blood pressure \u2022Hypertension \u2022Hypertension-mediated organ damage \u2022Blood pressure measurement \u2022Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring \u2022Home blood pressure monitoring \u2022Antihypertensive medication \u2022 Hypertension treatment \u2022Hypertension targets \u2022Secondary hypertension \u2022Cardiovascular disease risk estimation \u2022 Cardiovascular disease prevention \u2022Resistant hypertension \u2022Hypertension screening", + "Cost-effectiveness analysis of use of a polypill versus usual care or best practice for primary prevention in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What organization is responsible for the May Measurement Month 2019 global blood pressure screening campaign?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Beaney T, Schutte AE, Stergiou GS, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F et al. describe May Measurement Month 2019: the global blood pressure screening campaign of the international society of Hypertension." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the study on Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "\u00d4UNPUU S" + ], + "context": [ + "Yusuf S, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Cotton D, \u00d4unpuu S, Lawton WA, et al. Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What year was the systematic review and meta-analysis published that examines the effects of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure reduction in adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2021" + ], + "context": [ + "Mediterranean diet and blood pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "How many trials were included in the meta-analysis conducted by Wald et al. on combination therapy versus mono-therapy for reducing blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "42 TRIALS" + ], + "context": [ + "Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK, Bestwick JP, Wald NJ. Combination therapy versus mono-therapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on the benefits of magnesium sulphate for women with pre-eclampsia and their babies in the Magpie trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEILSON J" + ], + "context": [ + "Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L, Farrell B, Moodley J, Neilson J, et al. studied the benefits of magnesium sulphate for women with pre-eclampsia and their babies in the Magpie trial." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author listed in the citation from the study published in NEJM about the impact on health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ROSHANDEL G" + ], + "context": [ + "https:/ /doi. org/10.1056/NEJMoa2028220 495. Roshandel G,Khoshnia M,Poustchi H,Hemming K,Kamangar F,Gharavi A,etal." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of medical condition is the focus of the interventions discussed in the study by Bath PM and Krishnan K?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACUTE STROKE" + ], + "context": [ + "Bath PM, Krishnan K. Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;2014:CD000039. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000039.pub3." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study titled \"Multimodality strategy for cardiovascular risk assessment: performance in 2 population-based cohorts\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DE LEMOS JA" + ], + "context": [ + "de Lemos JA, Ayers CR, Levine BD, de Filippi CR, Wang TJ, Hundley W, et al. Multimodality strategy for cardiovascular risk assessment: performance in 2 population-based cohorts." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the systematic review and meta-analysis on exercise training and outcomes in hemodialysis patients conducted by Huang M and colleagues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LV A" + ], + "context": [ + "Huang M, Lv A, Wang J, Xu N, Ma G, Zhai Z, et al. Exercise training and outcomes in hemodialysis patients: systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the heightened commitment to their mission that transcends regulations and established protocols?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ELEVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "This elevation in their mission could not be shackled by regulations and established protocols\u2014it demanded a new perspective, a new resolve." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What trial did Grobman et al. use to investigate body position and orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYST-EUR TRIAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Grobman B, Turkson-Ocran RN, Staessen JA, Yu Y-L, Lipsitz LA, Mukamal KJ, et al. researched body position and orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive adults, resulting from the Syst-Eur trial." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to single-pill versus free-equivalent combination therapy in hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KJELDSEN S" + ], + "context": [ + "Parati G, Kjeldsen S, Coca A, Cushman WC, Wang J analyzed adherence to single-pill versus free-equivalent combination therapy in hypertension in systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the reference label for the section that outlines the tests and criteria for defining hypertension-mediated organ damage in clinical practice?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FIGURE 12" + ], + "context": [ + "Figure 12 Tests and criteria for defining hypertension-mediated organ damage and considerations for their use in clinical practice." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What somatic mutation, alongside GNA11, is commonly found in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GNAQ" + ], + "context": [ + "651. Zhou J, Azizan EAB, Cabrera CP, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Argentesi G, et al. Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the lead author of the study comparing ultrasound versus fluoroscopic guided femoral arterial access in non-cardiac vascular patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WALKER J" + ], + "context": [ + "A prospective, randomized study comparing ultrasound versus fluoroscopic guided femoral arterial access in non-cardiac vascular patients." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the study on the reproducibility of racial differences in ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes and measurements?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TUTTLE LA" + ], + "context": [ + "890. Husain A, Lin FC, Tuttle LA, Olsson E, Viera AJ. The reproducibility of racial differences in ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes and measurements." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the reference number for the ESC Guidelines on intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIDELINES 103" + ], + "context": [ + "Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, Berlowitz DR, Campbell RC, Chertow GM, et al. Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease ESC Guidelines.", + "ESC Guidelines 103" + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What treatment method was evaluated by Okamoto LE and colleagues for addressing orthostatic hypotension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SERVO-CONTROLLED SPLANCHNIC VENOUS COMPRESSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Okamoto LE, Diedrich A, Baudenbacher FJ, Harder R, Whitfield JS, Iqbal F, et al. evaluated the efficacy of servo-controlled splanchnic venous compression in treating orthostatic hypotension.", + "736. Okamoto LE, Diedrich A, Baudenbacher FJ, Harder R, Whitfield JS, Iqbal F evaluated the efficacy of servo-controlled splanchnic venous compression in treating orthostatic hypotension." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What recent advancements have been made in improving the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction for individuals over a 10-year period?", + "golden_answers": [ + "10-YEAR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PREDICTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Ference BA, Bhatt DL, Catapano AL, Packard CJ, Graham I, Kaptoge S, et al. examine the association of genetic variants with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease.", + "Hageman SHJ, Petitjean C, Pennells L, Kaptoge S, Pajouheshnia R, Tillmann T, et al. Improving 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in apparently healthy people: flexible addition of risk modifiers on top of SCORE2." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors mentioned in connection with personalized medicine in the management of hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TOUYZ RM" + ], + "context": [ + "Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, Gherbesi E, De Giorgi A, Grassi G, et al. discuss the clinical and prognostic significance of a reverse dipping pattern on ambulatory monitoring: an updated review.", + "Savoia C, Volpe M, Grassi G, Borghi C, Agabiti Rosei E, Touyz RM, et al. Personalized medicine - a modern approach for the diagnosis and management of hypertension." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors that contributed to the research on treating hypertension in the very elderly alongside Peters R and others?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BULPITT C" + ], + "context": [ + "Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O\u2019Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, et al.", + "Peters R, Beckett N, McCormack T, Fagard R, Fletcher A, Bulpitt C. Treating hypertension in the very elderly-benefits, risks, and future directions, a focus on the hypertension in the very elderly trial." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What factor should be considered to up-classify individuals with elevated blood pressure in the context of shared risk modifiers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIGH-RISK ETHNICITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider shared risk modifiers (Class IIa) Any of the following: High-risk ethnicity, Family history of premature onset ASCVD, Socio-economic deprivation, Auto-immune diseases, Severe mental illness, HIV.", + "High-risk ethnicity (e.g. South Asian) should be considered to up-classify individuals with elevated BP." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the medical appointments where blood pressure is monitored during pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANTENATAL VISITS" + ], + "context": [ + "651. Zhou J, Azizan EAB, Cabrera CP, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Argentesi G, et al. Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause.", + "Monitoring BP during pregnancy is typically done at antenatal visits, which vary dependent on trimester." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What visual aid is referenced to illustrate the categories of blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FIGURE 6" + ], + "context": [ + "The diagnosis of hypertension and elevated BP requires confirmation using out-of-office measurements or at least one additional subsequent office measurement.", + "Figure 6 Blood pressure categories" + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment is influenced by chronic kidney disease and is essential for managing hypertension in affected patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP-LOWERING TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Barrett PM, McCarthy FP, Evans M, Kublickas M, Perry IJ, Stenvinkel P, etal. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a Swedish registry-based cohort study.", + "Chronic kidney disease In hypertensive patients with CKD and eGFR >20 mL/min/1.73 m2, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to improve outcomes in the context of their modest BP-lowering properties.", + "CKD can influence the choice of BP-lowering treatment, as well as newer drugs for cardiovascular prevention, such as sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and finerenone." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What population group was specifically mentioned in the context of receiving upfront combination therapy for confirmed hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADULTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Klingbeil AU, Schneider M, Martus P, Messerli FH, and Schmieder RE conducted a meta-analysis regarding left ventricular mass in essential hypertension.", + "Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, and Messerli FH conducted a meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with beta blockers.", + "In randomized trials, we chose to provide a Class I recommendation for upfront combination therapy in adults with confirmed hypertension, in agreement with 2018 ESC recommendations." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment can be influenced by chronic kidney disease when managing patients with cardiovascular risks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP-LOWERING TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Pitt B, Filippatos G, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Bakris GL, Rossing P, et al. Cardiovascular events with finerenone in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.", + "Agarwal R and colleagues reported cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.", + "CKD can influence the choice of BP-lowering treatment, as well as newer drugs for cardiovascular prevention, such as sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and finerenone." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk when associated with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "Recommendation Table 3\u2014Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with elevated blood pressure.", + "For patients with elevated BP, the presence of diabetes, familial hypercholesterolaemia, established CVD, CKD, or HMOD confers increased CVD risk.", + "Inter-arm blood pressure difference in people with diabetes: measurement and vascular and mortality implications." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure measurement has been emphasized in recent studies, including reviews on diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds, particularly focusing on home monitoring practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SELF-MEASURED BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Ishikuro M, Obara T, Metoki H, Ohkubo T, Yamamoto M, Akutsu K, et al. Blood pressure measured in the clinic and at home during pregnancy among nulliparous and multiparous women: the BOSHI study. Am J Hypertens 2013;26:141\u20138. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hps002", + "Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, et al.", + "Staessen JA, Thijs L, Ohkubo T, Kikuya M, Richart T, Boggia J, etal review thirty years of research on diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds for the self-measured blood pressure at home." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with regard to blood pressure conditions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RISK OF HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "ARNi, angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.", + "The ultimate goal of preventing and treating elevated BP and hypertension is to reduce CVD, to improve quality of life, and to prevent premature death.", + "High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and risk of hypertension." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the recommended approach before starting pharmacological treatment for hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION" + ], + "context": [ + "The diagnosis of hypertension and elevated BP requires confirmation using out-of-office measurements or at least one additional subsequent office measurement.", + "In most adults with elevated BP and diabetes... ", + "A maximum of 3 months of lifestyle intervention is recommended before considering pharmacological treatment for hypertension." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the estimated likelihood of an individual experiencing cardiovascular disease events over the next decade based on their health measurements and risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PREDICTED 10-YEAR RISK OF CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "Finally, some individuals may be at heightened risk for CVD events when cardiac and vascular HMOD measurements like LVH and increased PWV do not regress over time with appropriate treatment and BP control.", + "Inpatients with intracerebral haemorrhage presenting with systolic BP\u2265220 mmHg, acute reduction in systolic BP>70 mmHg from initial levels within 1 hour of commencing treatment is not recommended.", + "In persons with diabetes who are receiving BP-lowering drugs, it is recommended to target systolic BP to 120\u2013129 mmHg, if tolerated." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the study on the cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLARK JM" + ], + "context": [ + "406. Wing RR, Bolin P, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Clark JM, Coday M, et al. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study discussing the role of \u03b11-blockers in the current management of hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LI Y" + ], + "context": [ + "Li H, Xu TY, Li Y, Chia Y-C, Buranakitjaroen P, Cheng H-M, et al. Role of \u03b11-blockers in the current management of hypertension." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on racial differences in abnormal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures from the CARDIA study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARSON AP" + ], + "context": [ + "888. Muntner P, Lewis CE, Diaz KM, Carson AP, Kim Y, Calhoun D, et al. Racial differences in abnormal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures: results from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who were the authors involved in the individual participant meta-analysis on orthostatic hypotension, hypertension treatment, and cardiovascular disease, specifically mentioning the second author?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HU JR" + ], + "context": [ + "Juraschek SP, Hu JR, Cluett JL, Ishak AM, Mita C, Lipsitz LA, et al. conducted an individual participant meta-analysis on orthostatic hypotension, hypertension treatment, and cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors that contributed to the study comparing chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension-cardiovascular events?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEW RA" + ], + "context": [ + "Ishani A, Cushman WC, Leatherman SM, Lew RA, Woods P, Glassman PA compared chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension-cardiovascular events." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study investigating nighttime blood pressure phenotype and cardiovascular prognosis in the JAMP study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KARIO K" + ], + "context": [ + "Kario K, Hoshide S, Mizuno H, Kabutoya T, Nishizawa M, Yoshida T, et al. investigate nighttime blood pressure phenotype and cardiovascular prognosis: practitioner-based nationwide JAMP study." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the duration of the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease in young and middle-aged adults with isolated systolic hypertension, as reported in the study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "31-YEAR RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Yano Y, Stamler J, Garside DB, Daviglus ML, Franklin SS, Carnethon MR, et al. Isolated systolic hypertension in young and middle-aged adults and 31-year risk for cardiovascular disease: a report from a community study." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What topic did Zhang ZY and colleagues discuss regarding the use of combination therapy in their article?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Zhang ZY, Yu YL, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Maestre GE, Staessen JA discussed the controversies surrounding starting antihypertensive drug treatment with combination therapy, presenting the con side of the argument in their article." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the systematic review and meta-analysis on interventions that cause weight loss and their impact on cardiovascular risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GURUSAMY K" + ], + "context": [ + "402. Zomer E, Gurusamy K, Leach R, Trimmer C, Lobstein T, Morris S, et al. Interventions that cause weight loss and the impact on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of blood pressure was specifically examined in relation to cumulative diastolic blood pressure burden and cardiovascular disease in the study conducted by J, Lee H, Koyama S, Zou RS, Schuermans A, Ganesh S, and others?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NORMAL SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "J, Lee H, Koyama S, Zou RS, Schuermans A, Ganesh S, et al. conducted a study on cumulative diastolic blood pressure burden in normal systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study discussing the value of pregnancy complication history for cardiovascular disease risk prediction in middle-aged women?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TIMPKA S" + ], + "context": [ + "Timpka S, Fraser A, Schyman T, Stuart JJ, \u00c5svold BO, Mogren I et al. discuss the value of pregnancy complication history for 10-year cardiovascular disease risk prediction in middle-aged women." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What medication was compared to indapamide and chlorthalidone for antihypertensive and metabolic effects in the study by Roush GC et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE" + ], + "context": [ + "Roush GC, Ernst ME, Kostis JB, Tandon S, Sica DA compare hydrochlorothiazide with indapamide and chlorthalidone in terms of antihypertensive and metabolic effects." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of pregnancy-related conditions are assessed for cardiovascular risk in women after childbirth, as indicated in the study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY" + ], + "context": [ + "Cardiovascular risk assessment and follow-up of women after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on the impact of frailty on the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases in young-old adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEE S" + ], + "context": [ + "Chun S, Han K, Lee S, Cho M-H, Jeong S-M, Jung H-W, et al. Impact of frailty on the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases and mortality in young-old adults." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is being studied in relation to the effects of intensive blood pressure control according to the research by Cheung AK et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)" + ], + "context": [ + "Cheung AK, Rahman M, Reboussin DM, Craven TE, Greene T, Kimmel PL, et al. Effects of intensive BP control in CKD." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor is highlighted as significant in the progression of chronic kidney disease according to the patient-level meta-analysis by Jafar et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITION" + ], + "context": [ + "Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, Landa M, Maschio G, de Jong PE, et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in a trial comparing blood pressure targets in patients at high cardiovascular risk, as mentioned in the study by Liu et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GE J" + ], + "context": [ + "854. Wang J, Deng W, Lv Q, Li Y, Liu T, Xie M, et al. Aortic dilatation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Front Physiol 2021;12:615175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.615175.", + "Liu J, Li Y, Ge J, Yan X, Zhang H, Zheng X, et al. conduct a trial comparing blood pressure targets in patients at high cardiovascular risk." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What health condition is associated with atrial fibrillation, according to studies on its impacts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Pinho-Gomes AC, Azevedo L, Copland E, Canoy D, Nazarzadeh M, Ramakrishnan R studied blood pressure-lowering treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation.", + "Papanastasiou CA, Theochari CA, Zareifopoulos N, Arfaras-Melainis A, Giannakoulas G, Karamitsos TD, et al. Atrial fibrillation is associated with cognitive impairment, all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in assessing cardiovascular risk to guide hypertension diagnosis and treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NAVAR AM" + ], + "context": [ + "407. Pagidipati NJ, Phelan M, Page C, Clowse M, Henao R, Peterson ED. The importance of weight stabilization amongst those with overweight or obesity: results from a large health care system.", + "Navar AM, Pencina MJ, Peterson ED assessed cardiovascular risk to guide hypertension diagnosis and treatment." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key factor that leads to a reduction in morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OPTIMAL CONTROL" + ], + "context": [ + "Ding C, O\u2019Neill D, Bell S, Stamatakis E, Britton A studied the association of alcohol consumption with morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease.", + "optimal control of BP translates into CVD risk reduction, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality in the population." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What was the duration of the follow-up period for the mortality outcomes assessed in the smoking cessation intervention study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "14.5-YEAR MORTALITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Anthonisen NR, Skeans MA, Wise RA, Manfreda J, Kanner RE, Connett JE. The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial.", + "The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What medication is mentioned in the context of fixed-dose combination therapies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the individual participant data meta-analysis conducted by Joseph P, Roshandel G, Gao P, Pais P, Lonn E, and Xavier D?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASPIRIN" + ], + "context": [ + "Juraschek SP, Hu JR, Cluett JL, Ishak AM, Mita C, Lipsitz LA, et al. conducted an individual participant meta-analysis on orthostatic hypotension, hypertension treatment, and cardiovascular disease.", + "Joseph P,Roshandel G,Gao P,Pais P,Lonn E,Xavier D,etal. Fixed-dose combination therapies with and without aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the risk modifiers associated with complications during pregnancy that involves elevated blood sugar levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GESTATIONAL DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "Risk modifiers include gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, stillbirth, recurrent miscarriage, family history of premature onset ASCVD, socio-economic deprivation, auto-immune inflammatory diseases, and severe mental illness.", + "Any of the following: Gestational diabetes, Gestational hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, Pre-term delivery, One or more still births, Recurrent miscarriage." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the study discussing long-term secondary prevention and management of blood pressure after a transient ischemic attack or stroke?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AHMED HM" + ], + "context": [ + "821. McGurgan IJ, Kelly PJ, Turan TN, Rothwell PM. Long-term secondary prevention: management of blood pressure after a transient ischemic attack or stroke.", + "Kovell LC, Ahmed HM, Misra" + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the article discussing the opposing age-related trends in absolute and relative risk of adverse health outcomes associated with out-of-office blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BAROCHINER J" + ], + "context": [ + "Zhang ZY, Yu YL, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Maestre GE, Staessen JA discussed the controversies surrounding starting antihypertensive drug treatment with combination therapy, presenting the con side of the argument in their article.", + "Li Y, Thijs L, Zhang ZY, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Boggia J, et al. Opposing age-related trends in absolute and relative risk of adverse health outcomes associated with out-of-office blood pressure.", + "Aparicio LS, Thijs L, Boggia J, Jacobs L, Barochiner J, Odili AN, et al." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition can be assessed using echocardiography when evaluating for hypertensive heart disease and established cardiovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THORACIC AORTA DILATION" + ], + "context": [ + "can be identified, and medication initiation can be tailored to pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, CKD, AF, post-myocardial infarction, heart failure, metabolic syndrome, and proteinuria/albuminuria.", + "9.8.4. Heart failure", + "Optional test Clinical utility: Echocardiography is assessed for HMOD (hypertensive heart disease) and established CVD (previous acute myocardial infarction, heart failure) and assessing thoracic aorta dilation." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the conditions that excludes individuals from using the I B SCORE2-OP tool for assessing the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease among those aged 70 years or older with elevated blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Renal artery angioplasty and stenting may be considered in patients with haemodynamically significant, atherosclerotic, renal artery stenosis (stenosis of 70%\u201399%, or 50%\u201369% with post-stenotic dilatation and/or significant trans-stenotic pressure gradient) with: \u2022 Recurrent heart failure, unstable angina, or sudden-onset flash pulmonary oedema despite maximally tolerated medical therapy; \u2022 Resistant hypertension; \u2022 Hypertension with unexplained unilaterally small kidney or CKD; \u2022 Bilateral renal artery stenosis or unilateral renal artery stenosis in a solitary viable kidney.", + "(stenosis of 70%\u201399%, or 50%\u201369% with post-stenotic dilatation and/or significant trans-stenotic pressure gradient) with: \u2022Recurrent heart failure, unstable angina, or sudden onset flash pulmonary oedema despite maximally tolerated medical therapy; \u2022Resistant hypertension; \u2022Hypertension with unexplained unilaterally small kidney(hyper-relation", + "I B SCORE2-OP is recommended for assessing the 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD among individuals aged \u226570 years with elevated BP who are not already considered at increased risk due to moderate or severe CKD, established CVD, HMOD, diabetes mellitus, or familial hypercholesterolaemia." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is included in the definition of established cardiovascular disease alongside coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE" + ], + "context": [ + "McGurgan IJ, Kelly PJ, Turan TN, Rothwell PM. Long-term secondary prevention: management of blood pressure after a transient ischemic attack or stroke.", + "Kelly D, Rothwell PM. Disentangling the multiple links between renal dysfunction and cerebrovascular disease.", + "Established CVD: coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, or heart failure." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the abbreviation for \"hypertensive heart and other target organ damage\" in the context of cardiovascular disease risk assessment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HMOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Risk modifiers include gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, stillbirth, recurrent miscarriage, family history of premature onset ASCVD, socio-economic deprivation, auto-immune inflammatory diseases, and severe mental illness.", + "ASCVD Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.", + "Summary of cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of study design was used to evaluate the efficacy of hydralazine for the treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "10-year outcomes of catheter-based renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension.", + "The study on orthostatic hypotension, hypertension treatment, and cardiovascular disease was published in JAMA 2023.", + "Hydralazine for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy: meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is commonly developed in patients with untreated aortic coarctation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SEVERE HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Moderate-to-severe kidney disease, LVH, Diastolic dysfunction, LV mass/height, LV mass/BSA, RWT, LV concentric geometry, LA volume/height, LA volume index.", + "eGFR ACR, Moderate-to-severe kidney disease, LVH, Diastolic dysfunction, LV mass/height2.7(g/m2.7):>50 (men) >47 (women), LV mass/BSA(g/m2): >115 (men) >95 (women), RWT \u22650.43, LV concentric geometry: LA volume/height2 (mL/m2):>18.5 (men) >16.5 (women), LA volume index (mL/m2): 34.", + "when aortic coarctation is not treated, patients often develop severe hypertension and HMOD (especially LVH and left ventricular dysfunction, aortopathy, and cerebrovascular complications)." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors contributing to the research on isolated nocturnal hypertension, as mentioned in the study by Abdalla et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIAZ KM" + ], + "context": [ + "Whelton PK, Einhorn PT, Muntner P, Appel LJ, Cushman WC, Diez Roux AV, et al. emphasized research needs to improve hypertension treatment and control in African Americans.", + "8.Muntner P. The continuing challenge of low rates of blood pressure control among US adults.", + "881. Abdalla M, Goldsmith J, Muntner P, Diaz KM, Reynolds K, Schwartz JE, et al. Is isolated nocturnal hypertension a reproducible phenotype?" + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What trend in blood pressure was observed among people over 80 years in the cohort study using electronic health records?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DECLINING BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Ravindrarajah R, Dregan A, Hazra NC, Hamada S, Jackson SHD, Gulliford MC, et al. Declining blood pressure and intensification of blood pressure management among people over 80 years: cohort study using electronic health records." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What class of approved drugs is commonly associated with an expected degree of blood pressure reduction?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ARBS" + ], + "context": [ + "8.5.1. Expected degree of blood pressure reduction with approved drugs." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What therapy was analyzed in the study by Egan BM and colleagues in relation to hypertension control during the first year?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INITIAL MONOTHERAPY" + ], + "context": [ + "Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR, Wagner CS, Zhao Y, Yu-Isenberg KS analyzed initial monotherapy versus combination therapy and hypertension control in the first year." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the study on the prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during hypertension treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PAPADEMETRIOU V" + ], + "context": [ + "Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular events according to a meta-analysis of observational studies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What types of medications should be discontinued before testing for aldosteronism to ensure accurate renin and aldosterone levels?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAS) BLOCKERS" + ], + "context": [ + "To reliably estimate renin and aldosterone status (and therefore ARR), and to facilitate a \u2018clean\u2019 screen for aldosteronism, a second approach is to discontinue drugs that affect these variables whenever feasible before ARR testing." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors associated with the Look AHEAD clinical trial study on weight loss maintenance and cardiovascular disease risk factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HAZUDA HP" + ], + "context": [ + "403. Wing RR, Espeland MA, Clark JM, Hazuda HP, Knowler WC, Pownall HJ, et al. Association of weight loss maintenance and weight regain on 4-year changes in CVD risk factors: the action for health in diabetes (Look AHEAD) clinical trial." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force on screening for hypertension in adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIRGUIS-BLAKE JM" + ], + "context": [ + "Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV, Webber EM, Coppola EL, Perdue LA, Weyrich MS. Screening for hypertension in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study on the epidemiology and mechanisms of denovo and persistent hypertension in the postpartum period?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GOEL A" + ], + "context": [ + "Goel A, Maski MR, Bajracharya S, Wenger JB, Zhang D, Salahuddin S, etal. Epidemiology and mechanisms of denovo and persistent hypertension in the postpartum period." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on ethnic differences in morning blood pressure surge among Japanese and European hypertensive subjects?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCHILLACI G" + ], + "context": [ + "892. Hoshide S, Kario K, dela Sierra A, Bilo G, Schillaci G, Banegas JR, et al. Ethnic differences in the degree of morning blood pressure surge and its determinants between Japanese and European hypertensive subjects: data from the ARTEMIS study." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the conditions that, when present with elevated blood pressure, can indicate the need for blood pressure-lowering therapy due to its association with increased cardiovascular disease risk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE" + ], + "context": [ + "Certain conditions on their own are associated with sufficient CVD risk such that patients with elevated BP alongside these conditions can be considered for BP-lowering therapy." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors that contributed to the analysis of diurnal blood pressure patterns and cardiac damage in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism?", + "golden_answers": [ + "XU J" + ], + "context": [ + "Wu Q, Hong M, Xu J, Tang X, Zhu L, Gao P, et al. analyze diurnal blood pressure pattern and cardiac damage in hypertensive patients with primary aldosteronism." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular hypertrophy in relation to outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation from the RE-LY trial?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANDERSSON U" + ], + "context": [ + "17. Hijazi Z, Verdecchia P, Oldgren J, Andersson U, Reboldi G, Di Pasquale G, et al. Cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular hypertrophy in relation to outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: experiences from the RE-LY trial." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What medical condition was the focus of the quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy studied in the trial conducted by Chow CK and colleagues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYPERTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Chow CK, Thakkar J, Bennett A, Hillis G, Burke M, Usherwood T, et al. conducted a quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy for initial treatment of hypertension: placebo-controlled, crossover, randomised trial and systematic review." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of disease is primarily targeted for prevention in the cost-effectiveness analysis of a polypill compared to usual care?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE" + ], + "context": [ + "Cost-effectiveness analysis of use of a polypill versus usual care or best practice for primary prevention in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the study on arterial stiffness and long-term risk of health outcomes from the Framingham heart study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LARSON MG" + ], + "context": [ + "28. Vasan RS, Pan S, Xanthakis V, Beiser A, Larson MG, Seshadri S, et al. Arterial stiffness and long-term risk of health outcomes: the Framingham heart study." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which author is mentioned in both studies discussing blood pressure and its health outcomes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOGGIA J" + ], + "context": [ + "Li Y, Thijs L, Zhang ZY, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Boggia J, et al. Opposing age-related trends in absolute and relative risk of adverse health outcomes associated with out-of-office blood pressure.", + "Hansen TW, Li Y, Boggia J, Thijs L, Richart T, Staessen JA analyze the predictive role of nighttime blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors associated with the study on improving long-term prediction of the first cardiovascular event related to family history and social status?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MERLINO L" + ], + "context": [ + "Improving long-term prediction of first cardiovascular event: the contribution of family history of coronary heart disease and social status.", + "Corrao G, Parodi A, Nicotra F, Zambon A, Merlino L, Cesana G, et al. Better compliance to antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 2011;29:610\u20138." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors involved in the study on fixed low-dose triple combination antihypertensive medication?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DITANNA GL" + ], + "context": [ + "Webster R, Salam A, de Silva HA, Selak V, Stepien S, Rajapakse S, et al. explored fixed low-dose triple combination antihypertensive medication versus usual care for blood pressure control in patients with mild to moderate hypertension in Sri Lanka in a randomized clinical trial.", + "Gnanenthiran SR, Wang N,DiTanna GL, Salam A,Webster R,deSilva HA,etal." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary outcome measure assessed in the study that examines the relationship between smoking, smoking cessation, and demographic factors among US adults?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MORTALITY" + ], + "context": [ + "860. Pitcher A, Spata E, Emberson J, Davies K, Halls H, Holland L, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers and \u03b2 blockers in Marfan syndrome: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials. Lancet 2022;400:822\u201331. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01534-3.", + "Thomson B, Emberson J, Lacey B, Lewington S, Peto R, Jemal A. Association between smoking, smoking cessation, and mortality by race, ethnicity, and sex among US adults." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What factors are discussed in the study by Huang JF et al. in relation to isolated nocturnal hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOST FACTORS" + ], + "context": [ + "894. Huang JF, Zhang DY, Sheng CS, An D-W, Li M, Cheng Y-B, et al. Isolated nocturnal hypertension in relation to host and environmental factors and clock genes.", + "Huang JF, Zhang DY, Sheng CS, An D-W, Li M, Cheng Y-B, et al. wrote about isolated nocturnal hypertension in relation to host and environmental factors and clock genes." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What are the outcomes for mothers associated with the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers for chronic hypertension in early pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MATERNAL OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "To reliably estimate renin and aldosterone status (and therefore ARR), and to facilitate a \u2018clean\u2019 screen for aldosteronism, a second approach is to discontinue drugs that affect these variables whenever feasible before ARR testing.", + "Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers for chronic hypertension in early pregnancy." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors listed in the study on left ventricular hypertrophy and its association with acute cerebrovascular events in essential hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CIUCCI A" + ], + "context": [ + "16. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Reboldi G, Gattobigio R, Borgioni C, Pearson TA, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy as an independent predictor of acute cerebrovascular events in essential hypertension.", + "Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistelli M, et al." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the procedure used in catheter-based treatments for uncontrolled hypertension that involves the application of radiofrequency energy to the renal arteries?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RADIOFREQUENCY RENAL ARTERY ABLATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Cost-effectiveness of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension: an analysis for the UK based on recent clinical evidence.", + "Review and meta-analysis of renal artery damage following percutaneous renal denervation with radiofrequency renal artery ablation." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the proposed actions and guidelines for managing hypertension in patients with specific conditions, as mentioned in the context of elevated BP and chronic cerebrovascular disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECOMMENDATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Certain conditions on their own are associated with sufficient CVD risk such that patients with elevated BP alongside these conditions can be considered for BP-lowering therapy.", + "While the role of optional tests for HMOD in the management of elevated BP is emphasized in these guidelines, we also note that these tests may help to optimize treatment in hypertensive adults with BP of >140/90 mmHg who are prescribed BP-lowering therapy.", + "Physiologically, BP is Recommendation Table 28\u2014Recommendations for managing hypertension in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of treatment is recommended for all patients with diabetes to achieve a BP target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg, if feasible and tolerated?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHARMACOLOGICAL BP-LOWERING TREATMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The use of spironolactone can be precluded by limited tolerability due to anti-androgenic side effects resulting in breast tenderness or gynaecomastia (in about 6%), impotence in men, and menstrual irregularities in women.", + "Frailty can occur at different ages and is, together with tolerability of BP-lowering treatment, an important characteristic when considering the BP target for a given patient.", + "We recommend that all patients with diabetes are offered pharmacological BP-lowering treatment with a BP target of 120\u2013129/70\u201379 mmHg, if feasible and tolerated." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of the studies assessing the impact of blood pressure control and combination therapy on individuals, including African American women with chronic hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLINICAL OUTCOMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Tsioufis K, Kreutz R, Sykara G, van Vugt J, Hassan T assessed the impact of single-pill combination therapy on adherence, blood pressure control, and clinical outcomes: rapid evidence assessment of recent literature.", + "Effect of blood pressure control in early pregnancy and clinical outcomes in African American women with chronic hypertension.", + "Heimberger S, Perdigao JL, Mueller A, Shahul S, Naseem H, Minhas R, etal. Effect of blood pressure control in early pregnancy and clinical outcomes in African American women with chronic hypertension." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Which researcher appears as an author in all three studies related to blood pressure and hypertension mentioned in the provided facts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DELA SIERRA A" + ], + "context": [ + "892. Hoshide S, Kario K, dela Sierra A, Bilo G, Schillaci G, Banegas JR, et al. Ethnic differences in the degree of morning blood pressure surge and its determinants between Japanese and European hypertensive subjects: data from the ARTEMIS study.", + "893. Banegas JR, Ruilope LM, dela Sierra A, Gorostidi M, Segura J, Martell N, et al. High prevalence of masked uncontrolled hypertension in people with treated hypertension.", + "886. dela Sierra A, Gorostidi M, Banegas JR, Segura J, dela Cruz JJ, Ruilope LM, et al. Nocturnal hypertension or nondipping: which is better associated with the cardiovascular risk profile?" + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the impact of atrial fibrillation on patient outcomes in the Framingham Heart Study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RISK OF DEATH" + ], + "context": [ + "28. Vasan RS, Pan S, Xanthakis V, Beiser A, Larson MG, Seshadri S, et al. Arterial stiffness and long-term risk of health outcomes: the Framingham Heart Study.", + "28. Vasan RS, Pan S, Xanthakis V, Beiser A, Larson MG, Seshadri S, et al. Arterial stiffness and long-term risk of health outcomes: the Framingham heart study.", + "Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham heart study." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key focus of the KDIGO 2021 guidelines regarding the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MANAGEMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "19. Cheung AK, Chang TI, Cushman WC, Furth SL, Hou FF, Ix JH, et al. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease.", + "Ultimately, proper management and understanding of blood pressure play a critical role in overall health.", + "9.6.3. Managing blood pressure in diabetes" + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the phenomenon where there is a delay in treatment escalation for patients with hypertension, as highlighted in the research by Rea et al.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THERAPEUTIC INERTIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Improving long-term prediction of first cardiovascular event: the contribution of family history of coronary heart disease and social status.", + "Corrao G, Parodi A, Nicotra F, Zambon A, Merlino L, Cesana G, et al. Better compliance to antihypertensive medications reduces cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 2011;29:610\u20138.", + "Rea F, Corrao G, Merlino L, Mancia G examined initial antihypertensive treatment strategies and therapeutic inertia in their article." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who conducted the analysis on the cost-effectiveness of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation for uncontrolled hypertension in the UK?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHOWDHURY EK" + ], + "context": [ + "Cost-effectiveness of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension: an analysis for the UK based on recent clinical evidence.", + "Self-monitoring is also likely to be cost-effective.", + "Cost-effectiveness of renal denervation therapy for treatment-resistant hypertension: a best-case scenario." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What diagnosis should be considered in a patient with a solitary viable kidney who presents with severe hypertension, recurrent heart failure, and imaging findings consistent with significant renal artery stenosis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "UNILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS IN A SOLITARY VIABLE KIDNEY" + ], + "context": [ + "(stenosis of 70%\u201399%, or 50%\u201369% with post-stenotic dilatation and/or significant trans-stenotic pressure gradient) with: \u2022Recurrent heart failure, unstable angina, or sudden onset flash pulmonary oedema despite maximally tolerated medical therapy; \u2022Resistant hypertension; \u2022Hypertension with unexplained unilaterally small kidney(hyper-relation" + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the document reviewer from the Netherlands involved in the development of the guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRANK VISSEREN" + ], + "context": [ + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), LiaEviBang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A.Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00edsBronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen DePablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United Kingdom), Maria Manuela Fiuza (Portugal), Rahima Gabulova (Azerbaijan), Bj\u00f8rn Olav Haugen (Norway), Christian Heiss (United Kingdom), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Vikas Kapil (United Kingdom), Meral Kayik\u00e7ioglu (Turkey), Lars K\u00f8ber (Denmark), Konstantinos C.Koskinas (Switzerland), Emanuela Teresa Locati (Italy), Sharon MacDonald (United Kingdom), Anastasia S.Mihailidou (Australia), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Martin Bodtker Mortensen (Denmark), Sandor Nardai (Hungary), LisNeubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Peter M.Nilsson (Sweden), Agnes A.Pasquet (Belgium), M\u00f3nica Mendes Pedro (Portugal), EvaPrescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Ernst Rietzschel (Belgium), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Jean-Paul Schmid (Switzerland), Eduard Shantsila (United Kingdom), Isabella Sudano (Switzerland), Ana Teresa Tim\u00f3teo (Portugal), Georgios Tsivgoulis3(Greece), Andrea Ungar4 (Italy), Ilonca Vaartjes (Netherlands), Frank Visseren (Netherlands), Heinz Voeller (Germany), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), Adam Witkowski (Poland), Maria-Christina Zennaro2(France), andKatja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands) Allexperts involved inthedevelopment ofthese guidelines have submitted declarations ofinterest, which arereported inasupplementary document totheguidelines." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organization is mentioned in a report that includes a consortium of prominent cardiology and cardiac imaging societies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Areport of the American College of Cardiology Foundation appropriate use criteria task force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance American College of Chest Physicians." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What class of medications is primarily used to manage diabetes and has also shown benefits in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SGLT2" + ], + "context": [ + "ECG, electrocardiogram; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HF(m)rEF, heart failure with (mildly) reduced ejection fraction; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; i.v., intravenous; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system; SCORE2, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2; SCORE2-OP, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2-Older Persons; SGLT2, sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2; TIA, transient ischaemic attack." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a crucial focus in managing hypertension to reduce the risk of developing heart-related conditions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Keywords Guidelines \u2022Blood pressure \u2022Hypertension \u2022Hypertension-mediated organ damage \u2022Blood pressure measurement \u2022Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring \u2022Home blood pressure monitoring \u2022Antihypertensive medication \u2022 Hypertension treatment \u2022Hypertension targets \u2022Secondary hypertension \u2022Cardiovascular disease risk estimation \u2022 Cardiovascular disease prevention \u2022Resistant hypertension \u2022Hypertension screening" + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the measurement called that is taken during daytime hours to assess diastolic blood pressure in patients with elevated BP or hypertension for treatment decisions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ABPM DAYTIME DBP" + ], + "context": [ + "Blood pressure classification includes different categories such as elevated BP and hypertension diagnosis, which impact treatment decisions." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What chronic condition is often associated with hypertension and requires patient-centered care strategies for effective management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIABETES MELLITUS" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient centered care includes various classifications and management strategies for hypertension." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "In what year was the study conducted by Mitchell et al. on the comparison of supine and seated orthostatic hypotension assessments published?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2022" + ], + "context": [ + "Mitchell CM, Mukamal KJ, Lipsitz LA, Blackford AL, et al. Comparison of supine and seated orthostatic hypotension assessments and their association with falls and orthostatic symptoms." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of medication is often recommended for blood pressure-lowering treatment in very old or frail patients due to its favorable risk-to-benefit ratio?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOW-DOSE THIAZIDES" + ], + "context": [ + "Starting blood pressure-lowering treatment in very old or frail patients requires fully informing them about the benefits and risks." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which organization is included in the consensus document that focuses on guidelines and practices related to cardiology?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COUNCIL ON CARDIOLOGY PRACTICE (CCP)" + ], + "context": [ + "A consensus document of the Council for Cardiology Practice (CCP), Association for Acute Cardiovascular Care (ACVC), Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP), European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Council on Valvular Heart Diseases (VHD), Council on Hypertension (CHT), Council of Cardio-Oncology (CCO), ESC Guidelines." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the first author of the study that investigated the effects of the DASH diet, exercise, and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in individuals with high blood pressure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLUMENTHAL JA" + ], + "context": [ + "410. Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hinderliter A, Watkins LL, Craighead L, Lin P-H, et al. Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the document reviewers from Denmark?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIA EVI BANG" + ], + "context": [ + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), Lia Evi Bang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00eds Bronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen De Pablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United" + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of blood pressure lowering with incident dementia or cognitive impairment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MURPHY R" + ], + "context": [ + "Hughes D, Judge C, Murphy R, Loughlin E, Costello M, Whiteley W, et al. Association of blood pressure lowering with incident dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is being assessed in relation to baseline characteristics of hypertensive patients in the LIFE study?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY" + ], + "context": [ + "Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Dahl\u00f6f B. Baseline characteristics in relation to electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors that contributed to the study on isolated nocturnal hypertension along with Huang JF and Zhang DY?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AN D-W" + ], + "context": [ + "Huang JF, Zhang DY, Sheng CS, An D-W, Li M, Cheng Y-B, et al. wrote about isolated nocturnal hypertension in relation to host and environmental factors and clock genes." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor is associated with reduced mortality rates among US adults, as highlighted in the study by Thomson et al. regarding smoking and race, ethnicity, and sex?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMOKING CESSATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Thomson B, Emberson J, Lacey B, Lewington S, Peto R, Jemal A. Association between smoking, smoking cessation, and mortality by race, ethnicity, and sex among US adults." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the document reviewers from Denmark involved in the development of the guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIA EVI BANG" + ], + "context": [ + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), LiaEviBang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A.Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00edsBronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen DePablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United Kingdom), Maria Manuela Fiuza (Portugal), Rahima Gabulova (Azerbaijan), Bj\u00f8rn Olav Haugen (Norway), Christian Heiss (United Kingdom), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Vikas Kapil (United Kingdom), Meral Kayik\u00e7ioglu (Turkey), Lars K\u00f8ber (Denmark), Konstantinos C.Koskinas (Switzerland), Emanuela Teresa Locati (Italy), Sharon MacDonald (United Kingdom), Anastasia S.Mihailidou (Australia), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Martin Bodtker Mortensen (Denmark), Sandor Nardai (Hungary), LisNeubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Peter M.Nilsson (Sweden), Agnes A.Pasquet (Belgium), M\u00f3nica Mendes Pedro (Portugal), EvaPrescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Ernst Rietzschel (Belgium), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Jean-Paul Schmid (Switzerland), Eduard Shantsila (United Kingdom), Isabella Sudano (Switzerland), Ana Teresa Tim\u00f3teo (Portugal), Georgios Tsivgoulis3(Greece), Andrea Ungar4 (Italy), Ilonca Vaartjes (Netherlands), Frank Visseren (Netherlands), Heinz Voeller (Germany), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), Adam Witkowski (Poland), Maria-Christina Zennaro2(France), andKatja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands) Allexperts involved inthedevelopment ofthese guidelines have submitted declarations ofinterest, which arereported inasupplementary document totheguidelines.", + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), Lia Evi Bang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00eds Bronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen De Pablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United" + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the social and cultural roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female, which is emphasized in the guidelines?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GENDER" + ], + "context": [ + "Thomson B, Emberson J, Lacey B, Lewington S, Peto R, Jemal A. Association between smoking, smoking cessation, and mortality by race, ethnicity, and sex among US adults.", + "The present guidelines consider sex and gender as an integral component throughout the document." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the common abbreviation used to refer to blood pressure in the context of cardiovascular disease risk assessment and treatment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BP" + ], + "context": [ + "Environmental factors, including sleep duration and higher humidity, nocturia, OSAS, obesity, high salt intake in salt-sensitive patients, orthostatic hypotension, autonomic dysfunction, CKD, diabetic neuropathy/diabetes, and old age are associated with non-dipping.", + "Summary of cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the document reviewer from the United Kingdom?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EMMANUEL ANDROULAKIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), Lia Evi Bang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00eds Bronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen De Pablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United", + "Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), LiaEviBang (Denmark), Jesper N\u00f8rgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A.Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Lu\u00edsBronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen DePablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United Kingdom), Maria Manuela Fiuza (Portugal), Rahima Gabulova (Azerbaijan), Bj\u00f8rn Olav Haugen (Norway), Christian Heiss (United Kingdom), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Vikas Kapil (United Kingdom), Meral Kayik\u00e7ioglu (Turkey), Lars K\u00f8ber (Denmark), Konstantinos C.Koskinas (Switzerland), Emanuela Teresa Locati (Italy), Sharon MacDonald (United Kingdom), Anastasia S.Mihailidou (Australia), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Martin Bodtker Mortensen (Denmark), Sandor Nardai (Hungary), LisNeubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Peter M.Nilsson (Sweden), Agnes A.Pasquet (Belgium), M\u00f3nica Mendes Pedro (Portugal), EvaPrescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Ernst Rietzschel (Belgium), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Jean-Paul Schmid (Switzerland), Eduard Shantsila (United Kingdom), Isabella Sudano (Switzerland), Ana Teresa Tim\u00f3teo (Portugal), Georgios Tsivgoulis3(Greece), Andrea Ungar4 (Italy), Ilonca Vaartjes (Netherlands), Frank Visseren (Netherlands), Heinz Voeller (Germany), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), Adam Witkowski (Poland), Maria-Christina Zennaro2(France), andKatja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands) Allexperts involved inthedevelopment ofthese guidelines have submitted declarations ofinterest, which arereported inasupplementary document totheguidelines." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which society is included in the report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation's appropriate use criteria task force alongside SCAI, SCCM, SCCT, and SCMR?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOCIETY OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY" + ], + "context": [ + "SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 appropriate use criteria for echocardiography.", + "Areport of the American College of Cardiology Foundation appropriate use criteria task force, American Society of Echocardiography, American Heart Association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance American College of Chest Physicians." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Based on the medical conditions and measurements provided, what condition is commonly associated with moderate-to-severe kidney disease and characterized by impaired filling of the heart's ventricles during diastole?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "eGFR ACR, Moderate-to-severe kidney disease, LVH, Diastolic dysfunction, LV mass/height2.7(g/m2.7):>50 (men) >47 (women), LV mass/BSA(g/m2): >115 (men) >95 (women), RWT \u22650.43, LV concentric geometry: LA volume/height2 (mL/m2):>18.5 (men) >16.5 (women), LA volume index (mL/m2): 34.", + "Moderate-to-severe kidney disease, LVH, Diastolic dysfunction, LV mass/height, LV mass/BSA, RWT, LV concentric geometry, LA volume/height, LA volume index." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What imaging technique is commonly used to assess heart function and structure, which can identify conditions such as heart failure or valvular abnormalities?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY" + ], + "context": [ + "ECG, electrocardiogram; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HF(m)rEF, heart failure with (mildly) reduced ejection fraction; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; i.v., intravenous; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system; SCORE2, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2; SCORE2-OP, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2-Older Persons; SGLT2, sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.", + "Cardiac CT, Pulse wave velocity, Carotid or femoral ultrasound, Cardiac biomarkers, Echocardiography, ECG, eGFR, ACR." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What health risk is associated with high blood pressure that can be mitigated by adopting a Mediterranean or DASH diet?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "Filippou CD, Thomopoulos CG, Kouremeti MM, Sotiropoulou LI, Nihoyannopoulos PI, Tousoulis DM, et al. Mediterranean diet and blood pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension.", + "Adopting a healthy and balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets, is recommended to help reduce BP and CVD risk." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition is characterized by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and is associated with symptomatic hypertension in patients, for whom SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HFPEF" + ], + "context": [ + "ECG, electrocardiogram; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HBPM, home blood pressure monitoring; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HF(m)rEF, heart failure with (mildly) reduced ejection fraction; HMOD, hypertension-mediated organ damage; i.v., intravenous; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RAS, renin\u2013angiotensin system; SCORE2, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2; SCORE2-OP, Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2-Older Persons; SGLT2, sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter 2; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.", + "In patients with HFpEF, because no specific drug has proven its superiority, all major agents can be used.", + "In hypertensive patients with symptomatic HFpEF, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to improve outcomes in addition to their modest BP-lowering properties." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition should be taken into account when managing elevated blood pressure in patients who are frail and aged 85 years or older?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYMPTOMATIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Patient centered care includes various classifications and management strategies for hypertension.", + "Moderate-to-severe frailty Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension Age \u226585 years.", + "Exercise caution when considering treating persons with elevated BP and; Moderate-to-severe frailty, Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, Age \u226585 years." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What class of medications is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes when exposed during the first trimester, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS" + ], + "context": [ + "Todd OM, Wilkinson C, Hale M, Wong NL, Hall M, Sheppard JP, et al. Is the association between blood pressure and mortality in older adults different with frailty? A systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with first-trimester exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers: a systematic review and meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors associated with the publication discussing isolated nocturnal hypertension?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WANG JG" + ], + "context": [ + "Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based 90 ESC Guidelines.", + "881. Abdalla M, Goldsmith J, Muntner P, Diaz KM, Reynolds K, Schwartz JE, et al. Is isolated nocturnal hypertension a reproducible phenotype?", + "891. Li Y, Wang JG. Isolated nocturnal hypertension: a disease masked in the dark." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is commonly used to describe a study that systematically reviews and statistically analyzes data from multiple research studies, such as those mentioned in the findings related to blood pressure and mortality risks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "META-ANALYSIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Malhotra R, Nguyen HA, Benavente O, Mete M, Howard BV, Mant J, et al. Association between more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering and risk of mortality in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", + "For instance, a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies that investigated associations between BP and risk of mortality in older patients found evidence for interaction by frailty status.", + "956. Lee M, Ovbiagele B, Hong KS, Wu Y-L, Lee J-E, Rao NM, et al. Effect of blood pressure lowering in early ischemic stroke: meta-analysis." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What scoring method is used to assess the level of coronary artery calcification and improve risk stratification in patients?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAC SCORE" + ], + "context": [ + "(stenosis of 70%\u201399%, or 50%\u201369% with post-stenotic dilatation and/or significant trans-stenotic pressure gradient) with: \u2022Recurrent heart failure, unstable angina, or sudden onset flash pulmonary oedema despite maximally tolerated medical therapy; \u2022Resistant hypertension; \u2022Hypertension with unexplained unilaterally small kidney(hyper-relation", + "Carotid ultrasound detects presence or absence of carotid plaque (wall thickness \u22651.5mm) and stenosis.", + "Measuring CAC score, carotid or femoral plaque using ultrasound, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin or B-type natriuretic peptide biomarkers, or arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity, may be considered to improve risk stratification among patients." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are two long-term health risks associated with women who have hypertension during pregnancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CKD AND CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "ESC Guidelines", + "Summary of cardiovascular disease risk-stratification approach for blood pressure treatment in adults with elevated blood pressure.", + "Women with hypertension in pregnancy are at increased risk of chronic hypertension, CKD, and CVD." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What condition does lifestyle optimization and blood pressure-lowering medication aim to reduce the risk of in patients with CKD?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CVD" + ], + "context": [ + "Drawz PE, Alper AB, Anderson AH, Brecklin CS, Charleston J, Chen J, et al. address masked hypertension and elevated nighttime blood pressure and its association with target organ damage in CKD.", + "In patients with diabetic or non-diabetic moderate-to-severe CKD and confirmed BP \u2265130/80 mmHg, lifestyle optimization and BP-lowering medication are recommended to reduce CVD risk.", + "ARNi, angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + } +] \ No newline at end of file