diff --git "a/datasets/questions/agriculture.json" "b/datasets/questions/agriculture.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/datasets/questions/agriculture.json" @@ -0,0 +1,6018 @@ +[ + { + "question": "What type of farming did the Bohners decide to start with that involves visitors picking their own fruit?", + "golden_answers": [ + "U-PICK BERRIES" + ], + "context": [ + "The Bohners eventually decided to start with U-pick berries and shiitake mushrooms." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What housing development does the Seeds of Harmony community garden serve?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEW COLUMBIA HOUSING DEVELOPMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The Seeds of Harmony community garden serves the mixed income residents of the New Columbia housing development in North Portland, Oregon." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are some tasks that individuals might perform when caring for animals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WATERING AND FEEDING ANIMALS" + ], + "context": [ + "The key is to realize that everyone is unique: some can water and feed animals; some can help in the garden with weeding and harvesting." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What publication featured Michael Pollan's article \"Farmer in Chief\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEW YORK TIMES MAGAZINE" + ], + "context": [ + "Michael Pollan, 'Farmer in Chief,' _New York Times Magazine_, October 12, 2008, ." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is Rosalie Karp responsible for writing to help advance Janus Youth's mission?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GRANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "'Who he is is who this organization is,' says Rosalie Karp, who, as advancement director for Janus Youth, writes grants and finds a way to advance the organization's mission." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are structures that allow for early and late crop production while also requiring space and financial investment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SEASON EXTENDERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Season extenders like greenhouses enable you to have early and late crops, but they take up space and money." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What did the recent findings reveal about the concentrations of arsenic related to rose pesticides?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEVELS OF ARSENIC" + ], + "context": [ + "The news was good: Levels of arsenic \u2013 a residue of rose pesticides \u2013 were not as high as had been believed and were actually within 'safe' background levels." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of drums are used to store solar heat for the greenhouse?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLACK-PAINTED DRUMS" + ], + "context": [ + "Two hundred 55-gallon black-painted drums containing water store solar heat for the greenhouse." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of gardens face challenges such as recruiting volunteers, navigating city ordinances, and securing water supplies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY GARDENS" + ], + "context": [ + "In the case of community gardens, challenges that all gardens share include recruiting volunteers, working with city ordinances, and water procurement." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential component of mushroom foraging mentioned by Feinstein?", + "golden_answers": [ + "IDENTIFICATION OF MUSHROOMS" + ], + "context": [ + "Being able to identify all mushrooms \u2013 edible and nonedible \u2013 is an essential component of mushroom foraging, according to Feinstein." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of portfolio is essential for doing this, according to Salatin?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIVERSIFIED PATRON PORTFOLIO" + ], + "context": [ + "Nobody can do this unless you have a symbiotic patron chain \u2013 a diversified patron portfolio, says Salatin." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What trend in beekeeping is causing communities to reconsider their reliance on honeybees for natural pollination services?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DECLINE OF MANAGED COLONIES" + ], + "context": [ + "As managed colonies decline, communities seeking to foster a resilient food system would be wise not to take for granted the honeybee's natural pollination 'service.'" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the tendency of certain insects to move upward instead of outward as they expand within their hive?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BEES' MOVEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "They have a tendency to move upward rather than outward as they expand within the hive." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What might be a good activity to pursue if you're looking to gain experience and learn from others while also connecting with those who have practical knowledge in a specific field?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARMING" + ], + "context": [ + "you are new to farming and you know any farmers, talk to them and do chores with them whenever you get the chance." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of Country Natural Beef's goal regarding the sustainability of their ranching operations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FUTURE GENERATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Providing an economically viable option for future generations to take over the ranching operations is a conscious goal of Country Natural Beef." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the web-based guide published by the USDA in 1999 that provides information and support for food recovery projects?", + "golden_answers": [ + "A CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO FOOD RECOVERY" + ], + "context": [ + "Published in 1999 by the USDA, this web-based guide is very informative and useful for food recovery projects." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key factor will help you make profitable long-term decisions regarding your farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRODUCTION CAPABILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Eventually, they will allow you to make profitable long-term decisions, based on the production capability of your farm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of development was determined to be the most suitable for incorporating affordable housing in the plan for Troy Gardens?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COHOUSING DEVELOPMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Including affordable housing in the plan for Troy Gardens was critical to holding the original coalition together, and the group determined that a cohousing development would work best." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the work done by one of Joslin's summer students who creates teas and hand salves?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MEDICINAL HERB GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "One of Joslin's summer students works full-time on the medicinal herb garden and creating teas and hand salves." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What group of individuals signed up for the after-school clubs, even if not all of them had children participating?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Not all parents who signed up had children in the after-school clubs, but some did." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the interaction level that most bees have with their beekeeper?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EXPOSURE TO BEEKEEPER" + ], + "context": [ + "Most of the bees don't have any real exposure to the beekeeper." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What essential nutrient do some plants heavily rely on from the soil, which is often found in small amounts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NITROGEN" + ], + "context": [ + "Soil may contain only small amounts of nitrogen in forms that plants can utilize, and some plants are heavy feeders of nitrogen." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What species, among the parasitic mites and other invaders, is known for spreading rapidly and causing severe problems after entering the country in recent years?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AFRICANIZED BEE" + ], + "context": [ + "Today, we are also concerned with controlling the spread of two species of parasitic mites and of the Africanized bee, all of which have entered this country in recent years, are spreading, and are creating severe problems." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the closest major city to the farm that is located in a region with limited pastureland for beef production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASHEVILLE" + ], + "context": [ + "The farm's location set natural constraints on how much beef it could produce: only 90 of the farm's 200 acres are pasture." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the processes that allow nutrients to be reused in ecosystems through repeated cycles?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NUTRIENT CYCLES" + ], + "context": [ + "Nutrient and usage cycles can be repeated over and over." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What essential practice does he believe is crucial for supporting food growth in urban areas?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESIDENTIAL ORGANIC WASTE COLLECTION" + ], + "context": [ + "He hopes to prove that residential organic waste collection is essential for food growth in urban areas." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of garden can you plant to enjoy late sales of crops and provide extra greens at the table during late summer and fall?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LATE SUMMER/FALL GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "A late summer/fall garden of crops such as beets, cabbage, collards, lettuce, and spinach will allow you some late sales, along with extra greens at the table." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the editors of the book \"Sustainable Agricultural Systems\" published by the Soil and Water Conservation Society in 1990?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLIVE EDWARDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Edwards, Clive, et al., eds. Sustainable Agricultural Systems (Ankeny, Ia: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 1990)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of crop can be followed by low users in the rotation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NON-LEGUMINOUS CROP" + ], + "context": [ + "Of course, big feeders will have to be followed in the rotation by a legume, while low users can be followed by a non-leguminous crop." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes initiatives like Nuestras Ra\u00edces that utilize food to promote overall community health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY FOOD PROJECTS" + ], + "context": [ + "As with so many other community food projects, Nuestras Ra\u00edces demonstrates that food is both a gateway and a catalyst for broader community health." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the farm purchased by the state in 2002 that hosts seven farm businesses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "URBAN EDGE FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "The Urban Edge Farm, purchased by the state in 2002, hosts seven farm businesses." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of natural source do bees collect propolis from to strengthen their hive?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREES" + ], + "context": [ + "Propolis, a resinous material collected from the bark and buds of certain trees, is used to strengthen the comb and to seal up cracks and crevices in the hive against the weather." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What year was Salatin experimenting with four different expansion models to foster new farmers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2009" + ], + "context": [ + "In 2009 Salatin was experimenting with four different expansion models, all of which offer promise as ways to foster new farmers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the major challenges faced in agriculture, aside from knowledge about crop growing or animal raising?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HARD PHYSICAL WORK" + ], + "context": [ + "While there is the obvious challenge of long hours of hard physical work, many challenges have little to do with knowing how to grow crops or raise animals." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of packaging for honey results in faster granulation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMALL JARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Honey in bulk is slower to granulate than honey in small jars." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the focus of the objectives outlined in your business plan?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRODUCTION STRATEGY" + ], + "context": [ + "These are the target of the production strategy of your business plan." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What should you prepare to receive backing from city government for your farming endeavor?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUSINESS PLAN" + ], + "context": [ + "If you want backing from city government for your farming endeavor, prepare a solid business plan." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who does Johnson argue is missing the point in his case?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CRITICS" + ], + "context": [ + "But Johnson makes a case for why critics are missing the point." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What feeling does knowing where your food comes from provide, according to Amy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SAFETY" + ], + "context": [ + "Knowing where your food comes from makes you feel safer, Amy adds." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who tends to the plots in the garden that began in 1971 near Chinatown?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESIDENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Begun in 1971, this garden is close to Chinatown, and many of its plots are tended by Chinatown's residents." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What should you include on your mailing list to ensure effective communication with the community?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL MEDIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Make sure all the local media are on your mailing list." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of posts are marked and set or driven when placing them 12 to 16 feet apart?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LINE POSTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Mark and set or drive line posts 12 to 16 feet apart." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of bees are identified by their heavy landing and thumping sound, as they carry a load of nectar?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NECTAR CARRYING BEES" + ], + "context": [ + "Look for bees that alight heavily, thump down, and walk on in; presumably they are carrying a load of nectar." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What television program was Sir James Michael Goldsmith appearing on when he warned about changing priorities in 1994?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHARLIE ROSE SHOW" + ], + "context": [ + "Perhaps it was best said by Sir James Michael Goldsmith, who warned in 1994 on the Charlie Rose show, We have to change priorities...." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the result of each team member contributing their unique insights?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BROADER UNDERSTANDING" + ], + "context": [ + "Each individual in the team has unique insights, contributing to the broader understanding of the situation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the publisher of the book \"How to Make $100,000 Farming 25 Acres\" by Booker T. Whateley?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AMERICAN BOTANIST" + ], + "context": [ + "Whateley, Booker T., How to Make $100,000 Farming 25 Acres (Chillicothe, Il: American Botanist, 1996). The classic on small farm success." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What types of crops should be turned under early in the spring to conserve moisture for the new crop year?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FALL CROPS" + ], + "context": [ + "It is important to turn under fall crops early in the spring to keep them from using the moisture needed for your new crop year." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of lumber do you prefer for constructing your wider-based stand?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREATED LUMBER" + ], + "context": [ + "I prefer a wider-based stand, one that is 18 inches deep and 4 feet wide and made of treated 2-by-4s or 2-by-6s." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the process called that involves understanding the resources at your disposal each day and using them effectively to achieve your goals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STRATEGIC PLANNING" + ], + "context": [ + "Understand the resources you have on any given day, and use them strategically." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to individuals or entities suggested by Flaccovento to collaborate at the store level?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARTNERS" + ], + "context": [ + "One possible solution, suggests Flaccovento, would be to find one or two partners who could work at the store level." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of biodiversity is suggested in the report to be crucial for resilience alongside technical solutions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CULTURAL KEYS" + ], + "context": [ + "Translated into plain English, this report seems to be pulling out all stops to make us sit up and pay attention to the fact that biodiversity may hold the technical and cultural keys for resilience." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the goal of the Southern Willamette Valley Bean and Grain Project?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YEAR-ROUND LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "The Southern Willamette Valley Bean and Grain Project is working to build a year-round local food system." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the involvement of individuals from the local area in activities such as workshops offered by Growing Gardens?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Gardens has opened the workshops to the broader community, and to ensure that money is not a barrier, they use a sliding-scale 'donation' of $5 to $20." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organisms are responsible for breaking down ammonia in fish waste and converting it to nitrogen in the gravel bed of fish tanks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BENEFICIAL BACTERIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Water from the fish tanks drains down to a gravel bed, where beneficial bacteria break down the ammonia in the fish waste, converting it to nitrogen." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the author of \"The Flower Farmer\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LYNN BYCZYNSKI" + ], + "context": [ + "Byczynski, Lynn, The Flower Farmer (White River Junction, Vt: Chelsea Green Publishing, 1997)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of information do her hivemates gather for each dance?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPECIFIC INFORMATION" + ], + "context": [ + "For each dance, her hivemates are able to gather specific information." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the book by Joel Salatin that outlines his system for success in farming?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YOU CAN FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "Salatin, Joel, You Can Farm (Swoope, Va: Polyface Farms, 1998). The author explains his system for success." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the potential outcome of reducing competition in your business?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROFITS" + ], + "context": [ + "This is an easy way to reduce competition and increase your profits." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What event indicates the arrival of spring for much of this country?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APPEARANCE OF DANDELIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "For much of this country, the appearance of dandelions is the signal." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor contributed to Ron spending less time as a farmer and more time in an executive role?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEW CROPS" + ], + "context": [ + "Over the years, with the advent of new crops and technology, Ron found that his working hours were increasingly devoted to being an executive, not a farmer." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What was the guiding principle behind the practices and methods of beekeeping in its early days?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHILOSOPHY OF EARLY BEEKEEPING" + ], + "context": [ + "The philosophy of early beekeeping was simple: have many hives, swarms are good, kill off the good honey producers in the fall in order to take their honey, start over in the spring, encourage those overwintered hives (the weak ones) to swarm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What state focuses on sustainable agriculture and food access for communities throughout the region?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOUISIANA" + ], + "context": [ + "Louisiana's efforts focus on sustainable agriculture and food access for communities throughout the region." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is not included in package bees that helps minimize the possibility of transmitting diseases?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMB" + ], + "context": [ + "A further advantage to package bees is that, since no comb is included, the possibility of transmitting diseases with them is minimized." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of stores are often owned by national or international food conglomerates that source food from farmers globally?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEIGHBORHOOD GROCERIES" + ], + "context": [ + "Neighborhood groceries are often owned by national or international food conglomerates that aggregate food grown by farmers all over the world." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What was the status of home gardening and canning after the war, as it shifted from being a necessity?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOBBY" + ], + "context": [ + "Home gardening and canning certainly continued after the war, but at a much-reduced intensity and often as a hobby more than a necessity." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the alternative configuration to using two deep hive bodies that provides a similar internal volume?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THREE MID-SIZED HIVE BODIES" + ], + "context": [ + "The standard two deep (9\u00bd-inch) hive bodies and the alternate configuration of three mid-sized (6\u215d-inch) hive bodies give about the same inside volume." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What do bees rely on when no outside sources of food are available to them during certain times of the year?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOOD RESOURCES" + ], + "context": [ + "During certain times of year, no outside sources of food are available to them and bees are left to their own resources." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a crucial asset to acquire before marketing your farming products and evaluating property?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LAND" + ], + "context": [ + "Before purchasing land, consider how you will market your farming products and evaluate the property." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the enthusiastic individuals who inspire and motivate a group of sleepy teens to become energized?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CREW LEADERS" + ], + "context": [ + "The teens seem like cheerleaders \u2013 high energy, positive, pumped \u2013 and it's not long before the sleepy teens are energized." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organization does Oren Molovinsky represent?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARM TO TABLE D.C." + ], + "context": [ + "Farm to Table D.C. has a representative named Oren Molovinsky." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the major environmental concerns associated with fish farming that involves harmful substances being released into natural waterways?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POLLUTING EFFLUENT" + ], + "context": [ + "one with which he could address the pernicious issues that face the fish-farming industry: escaped fish becoming invasive species, farmed fish requiring more protein for their own consumption than they provide to their consumers, the release of polluting effluent into natural waterways, and so on." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of markets should small farmers focus on when raising crops and livestock?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NICHE MARKETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Small farmers should raise crops and livestock only for niche markets." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential component that, along with land and corn, creates an inseparable and coherent whole?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PEOPLE" + ], + "context": [ + "The land and corn and people, together, form an inseparable, coherent whole." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of lighting did I install above the folding tables?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FLUORESCENT LIGHTS" + ], + "context": [ + "I set hooks in the ceiling and string fluorescent lights about 4 inches above a series of folding tables." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organization or initiative highlights important lessons in sustainable practices as mentioned in various discussions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APPALACHIAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The experience of Appalachian Sustainable Development underscores this point." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the total of F, G, and H in financial calculations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOURLY VARIABLE COSTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Hourly variable costs = F + G + H." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the issues that make it difficult to pack leaf lettuce attractively into boxes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BREAKS" + ], + "context": [ + "And, because of breaks and slugs, it is particularly challenging to get leaf lettuce into the box as a 'pretty head.'" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the potential outcomes of ignoring the impact of severe weather on your plans?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CATASTROPHIC PROBLEMS" + ], + "context": [ + "weather will always be your first and biggest problem." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the modifications in species that help them survive specific temperature conditions caused by climate?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADAPTATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "The climate can cause species to evolve with specific adaptations to that temperature." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What event motivated Wheatberry Bakery in western Massachusetts to seek a more economical local source of grains?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2008 RISE IN FLOUR PRICES" + ], + "context": [ + "In western Massachusetts Wheatberry Bakery was motivated by the 2008 'catastrophic' rise in flour prices to create a more economical local source of grains." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of livestock operation requires 3 acres to run a cow-calf pair?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COW-CALF OPERATION" + ], + "context": [ + "For instance, a cow-calf operation, which takes 3 acres to run a cow-calf pair, will not allow for much volume of income." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term do Janus Youth personnel use to refer to themselves in the context of community ownership of the project?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INVITED STAFF" + ], + "context": [ + "Since the organization believes the community should own the project, Janus Youth personnel believe they are more appropriately called 'Invited Staff,' while community residents are given the title of 'Community Staff.'" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What institution grows its food organically without seeking USDA organic certification?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WARREN WILSON" + ], + "context": [ + "Warren Wilson grows its food organically but has not pursued the USDA label of organic certification." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who predicts that the march toward industrialization and greater efficiency will continue?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AGERS" + ], + "context": [ + "The march toward industrialization and greater efficiency is not going to end anytime soon, the Agers predict." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who would have faced the consequences if an overnight supply had been demanded?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JOEL" + ], + "context": [ + "If we had demanded an overnight supply, it could have been a train wreck for Joel, says Petrilli." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who was the staff person that planted the first seed?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TERA COUCHMAN WICK" + ], + "context": [ + "The person who planted the first seed was a staff person, Tera Couchman Wick." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the process called that involves significant effort to establish a presence and attract customers, despite the initial investment being low?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARKET BUILDING" + ], + "context": [ + "Initial investment is fairly low, but it takes effort to build a market." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the country of origin for Agnes Sola, who is beginning her third year in the garden?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NIGERIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Agnes Sola, a stout woman from Nigeria, is beginning her third year in the garden." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What types of markets does Steve primarily cater to as a diversified market gardener?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NICHE MARKETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Steve is a diversified market gardener, using mostly hand tools (and some small powered tools) to manage produce for a myriad of niche markets." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is driving the trend of housing consumers seeking to be more involved in the production of their food?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DESIRE" + ], + "context": [ + "As the desire to know where our food comes from, and increasingly to participate directly in its production, grows, more and more housing consumers will look for ways to vote with their feet (that is, where they plant themselves) as well as their palates." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of bees should be considered when installing a Boardman feeder to ensure it is properly buffered?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ROBBER BEES" + ], + "context": [ + "If a Boardman feeder is installed, it should be buffered to protect against robber bees." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the various difficulties faced in agriculture beyond just crop growing and livestock raising?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHALLENGES" + ], + "context": [ + "While there is the obvious challenge of long hours of hard physical work, many challenges have little to do with knowing how to grow crops or raise livestock." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the mutual exchange and relationships in a naturally occurring system that seeks to enhance outcomes for the whole while ensuring that individual elements do not experience negative impacts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECIPROCITY" + ], + "context": [ + "All parts of a naturally occurring system and seeks to enhance outcomes for the whole without compromising or creating negative impacts on individual elements." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of societal influence does Michael Pollan highlight in relation to farming in his article?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PUBLIC POLICY" + ], + "context": [ + "The article by Michael Pollan emphasizes the role of farming in shaping public policy and cultural attitudes towards food." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which organization is collaborating with the American Grassfed Association to create a legal definition for grass-fed and develop a certification standard for farmers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "USDA" + ], + "context": [ + "American Grassfed Association is working with the USDA to establish a legal definition for grass-fed and to establish a certification standard and process for farmers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the report by the Dept. of Agricultural Sciences at Imperial University Wye that discusses the threats to crop collections?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CROP DIVERSITY AT RISK" + ], + "context": [ + "Crop Diversity at Risk: The Case for Sustaining Crop Collections, Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Imperial University Wye, n.d." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of community engagement ensures that grassroots food movements align with the needs and values of all members?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CULTURAL PARTICIPATION" + ], + "context": [ + "The diverse cultural participation ensures that grassroots food movements reflect the needs and values of all community members." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are typically set by companies to measure performance but are absent in this case?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SALES TARGETS" + ], + "context": [ + "No sales targets." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of marine organism can be introduced to polluted waters to help restore the ecosystem?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CORAL" + ], + "context": [ + "one way to do that is to repopulate the waters with coral that can survive and grow in the polluted waters." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes a farmer who is exceptionally economical and resourceful, yet still needs to manage their finances effectively regardless of weather conditions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRUGAL FARMER" + ], + "context": [ + "The best and most frugal farmer in the world cannot survive unless he or she can pay the bills, good weather or bad." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What should you be cautious about using and storing, along with the fume board, and should not be kept in the house?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOTTLE OF LIQUID" + ], + "context": [ + "Be careful in using and storing the fume board and the bottle of liquid. Do not store them in the house." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of living spaces were the residents cultivating garden patches outside of?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APARTMENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "To stave off hunger, residents of the housing project began to cultivate tiny garden patches outside their apartments; many had been farmers back in their homeland." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What action might a victim take in response to being stung by a bee, which could provoke other bees to sting?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SWATTING" + ], + "context": [ + "Of course, it cannot sting again\u2014it no longer has a stinger\u2014but the victim does not necessarily know which bee has stung and may react by swatting, perhaps provoking other bees to sting." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of machinery has an ownership cost of about 14 percent for new equipment and is commonly used for tilling the soil?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLOW" + ], + "context": [ + "Other machinery such as a plow or a planter has an ownership cost of about 14 percent for new equipment and 17 percent for used equipment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is typically smaller in mass compared to the roots of plants, which can be two to three times their weight?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ABOVEGROUND PLANT YIELD" + ], + "context": [ + "The roots of plants are typically two to three times the mass of the aboveground plant yield." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term for the health and nutrient content of the soil that is affected by the sale of hay instead of using it to feed livestock?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOIL FERTILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "If you sell all your hay and do not feed it to livestock on your farm, you are depleting your soil fertility." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of events were organized by ASD that did not attract traditional farmers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TRAININGS AND WORKSHOPS" + ], + "context": [ + "ASD trainings and workshops about organic vegetable production were not attracting traditional farmers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the rental pricing structure for this facility that operates 24/7?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOURLY RATE" + ], + "context": [ + "This facility operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and can be rented at an hourly rate." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of organization is believed to have goals that differ quite significantly from those of a CSF, according to Stoll?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CSA" + ], + "context": [ + "The comparison of a CSF with a CSA is common, but Stoll believes that at this point the two types of organizations have quite different goals." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the intensive-grazing expert at the University of Missouri that provided guidelines on when to turn animals into pastures?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JIM GERRISH" + ], + "context": [ + "Jim Gerrish, an intensive-grazing expert at the University of Missouri, says that in general, animals should be turned into pastures when grasses are 6 to 10 inches in height and grazed to about half the current height." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What practice allows for the application of nutrients directly to plant leaves through irrigation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOLIAR FEEDING" + ], + "context": [ + "Irrigation facilitates practices such as foliar feeding and incorporating fertilizer into the water." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the company that provides information about their history and values on their \"About Us\" page?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CASCADE BAKING COMPANY" + ], + "context": [ + "Cascade Baking Company, 'About Us,'" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What area in a beehive can be used to encourage bees to rebuild damaged comb as drone comb?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BROOD AREA" + ], + "context": [ + "Otherwise, you can place some damaged comb in the brood area, which the bees will probably rebuild as drone comb." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key aspect must an agripreneur fully comprehend in order to achieve success in their business?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OPERATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "To be a successful agripreneur, you must understand your operations completely, from the how to the why." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the location where four to six seeds of corn are planted at least 8 to 10 inches deep?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOLE" + ], + "context": [ + "In one hole four to six seeds of corn are planted at least 8 to 10 inches deep." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What can help someone inclined to create a small extractor inexpensively?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLANS FOR BUILDING" + ], + "context": [ + "This can be done without much difficulty for someone so inclined; plans for building a small extractor inexpensively do exist." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for achieving enduring positive outcomes in gardening initiatives?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LONG-TERM SUCCESS" + ], + "context": [ + "Community engagement is key to sustaining long-term success in gardening initiatives." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What unit of measurement is being discussed in relation to profit in farming or land projects, as mentioned in the statement about scaling up from 1 acre to 10 or 80 acres?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACRE" + ], + "context": [ + "If you cannot make a profit on 1 acre, having 10 acres or 80 will only make the project 10 to 80 times worse." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "How many nonlocal visitors was Nuestras Ra\u00edces drawing to the town in 2006?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2,500 NONLOCAL VISITORS" + ], + "context": [ + "Moreover, Nuestras Ra\u00edces was drawing about 2,500 nonlocal visitors to the town in 2006, who were spending on food, lodging, and retail stores." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term for the process of replacing a queen bee in a hive during the autumn season?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FALL REQUEENING" + ], + "context": [ + "from which to raise one." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which organization's customers come from every section of the city, as noted on page 116?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VIRGINIA'S LYNCHBURG GROWS" + ], + "context": [ + "Both Philadelphia's Greensgrow (page 96) and Virginia's Lynchburg Grows (page 116) say their customers come from every section of the city, not just the immediate neighborhood." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What was the primary consequence for the town when the mills closed and tobacco farms went fallow in the 1980s?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOSS OF JOBS" + ], + "context": [ + "Their pursuit of the 'American dream' was cut short, however, when the mills closed and tobacco farms went fallow in the 1980s, leaving the town reeling from a catastrophic loss of jobs." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What series of activities have they decided to focus on for their summer efforts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARENT-CHILD WORKSHOPS" + ], + "context": [ + "More recently, they have decided to focus their summer efforts on a series of parent-child workshops \u2013 on planting seeds, planning a dinner garden, harvesting and eating vegetables, and worms." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What standards must be considered when planning a menu to ensure the food is affordable and meets nutritional requirements?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STATE DIETARY GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "to order it, to plan the menu so that the food is affordable and meets state dietary guidelines, and to prepare it." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to individuals who take the initiative to recruit and train new leaders in an ideal world, according to MacDonald?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VOLUNTEER LEADERS" + ], + "context": [ + "an ideal world volunteer leaders recruit and train the new leaders, says MacDonald." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the author of _Joy of Gardening_ that uses a 2-year crop rotation method?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DICK RAYMOND" + ], + "context": [ + "Dick Raymond, author of _Joy of Gardening_, has a 2-year rotation that tills under only crops grown on the plot." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What unit of measurement is used to quantify the honey yield reported by producers with five or more colonies in 2008?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POUNDS OF HONEY" + ], + "context": [ + "And in terms of honey alone, the USDA reports that producers with five or more colonies were managing in 2008 about 2.3 million colonies that yielded about 164 million pounds of honey." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of John Muir's 1911 work where he explores the interconnectedness of nature?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MY FIRST SUMMER IN THE SIERRA" + ], + "context": [ + "'When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe.' \u2013 John Muir, _My First Summer in the Sierra_ (1911)." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is a key individual mentioned in relation to the school and its initiatives, particularly in urban and environmental planning?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JAMIE AGER" + ], + "context": [ + "Lippoldt says the certificate training attracts individuals who have a relationship with the school \u2013 parents, individuals who want to work with school gardens, and teachers.", + "The contributions of various individuals and organizations form a comprehensive index related to urban and environmental planning." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary outcome of the educational programs that focus on nutrition and sustainability initiatives among children?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS" + ], + "context": [ + "These educational programs focus on nutrition and environmental awareness among children.", + "the overall impact of sustainability initiatives fosters a greater environmental awareness among the students." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What species is fundamental to beekeeping and is often confused with the yellow jacket?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HONEY BEE" + ], + "context": [ + "The yellow jacket, which somewhat resembles the honey bee, hangs around at summer outings, and is known for its repeated stings.", + "What Is a Honey Bee? provides detailed insights into the species fundamental to beekeeping." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for farmers and beekeepers to improve their skills and adapt to changing conditions?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ONGOING EDUCATION" + ], + "context": [ + "Through ongoing education and training, farmers can enhance their skills and business acumen.", + "The ongoing education of beekeepers is crucial to adapting practices to changing environmental conditions." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of farming operation did Greensgrow's Corboy have that was affected by severe drought and resulted in poor seed germination?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HYDROPONIC OPERATION" + ], + "context": [ + "And if drought or other weather causes a bad year, the fish farmer isn't eligible for federal relief through traditional crop-insurance programs.", + "Greensgrow's Corboy learned this the hard way when a severe drought ruined the seed germination for her hydroponic operation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the active participation encouraged by Growing Gardens and highlighted in the grassroots food movement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INVOLVEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Gardens has opened the workshops to the broader community, and to ensure that money is not a barrier, they use a sliding-scale 'donation' of $5 to $20.", + "This book is a tool for inspiring involvement in the grassroots food movement and emphasizes the importance of community participation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What factors should you monitor to ensure proper crop substitution and plant protection?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WEATHER CONDITIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "You can substitute crops within types, depending on weather conditions and year.", + "Monitor weather conditions to avoid frost and protect your plants accordingly." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the challenges that small grain mills face that grain CSAs can help address?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RISK FOR SMALL GRAIN MILLS" + ], + "context": [ + "When ASD began working with a few local farmers, it started very small, selling their organic, mostly boutique produce only through a CSA and to local restaurants.", + "One critical step in rebuilding this infrastructure is the creation of grain CSAs, which can help reduce the risk for small grain mills while enabling consumers to access local grains and support local farmers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What should you remove from the bottom board of the hive to ensure cleanliness?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DEBRIS" + ], + "context": [ + "Clean off that bottom board; scrape off any dead bees or other debris.", + "If there is a warm day, the bees will fly out to defecate, to drag accumulated debris and dead bees from the hive, perhaps just to get a little exercise and check on the progress of spring." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the structure that bees live in and which the Romans began to inspect while trying to understand these insects?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIVE" + ], + "context": [ + "The Romans developed some knowledge. They fed the bees in times of need and began to wonder about them, but they had little or no understanding of what went on in the hive.", + "Inspecting the hive." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the representatives mentioned alongside Julia Rivera and Kevin Andaluz?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JESUS ESPINOSA" + ], + "context": [ + "This mural means that we left everything behind to come to Holyoke, says Julia Rivera, organizing director for Nuestras Ra\u00edces and president of its board.", + "Representatives: Kevin Andaluz, Jesus Espinosa, Gerard Ramos, Julia Rivera, Dan Ross, Tito Santana" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What year did the partners begin cleaning out roses and replacing soil in the urban farm's greenhouses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "2005" + ], + "context": [ + "An urban farm would honor their greenhouses, their family history, and especially their roses.", + "The next summer, in 2005, sweltering under the glass in heat climbing to 105\u00b0F, the partners began cleaning out roses and replacing soil." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe a brand that serves as a broad category for various local products without replacing specific product branding?", + "golden_answers": [ + "UMBRELLA BRAND" + ], + "context": [ + "This facility operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and can be rented at an hourly rate.", + "doesn't take the place of specific product branding but serves as an umbrella brand under which a variety of local products are sold." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the main issue that both crop rotations and rye are designed to reduce in agricultural practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EROSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Rotations improve drainage tilth and water-holding capacity of the soil, which also reduces erosion.", + "The rye will prevent this leaching and reduce erosion." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plants are likely to be overrun by weeds in a solid, tough fescue pasture?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DOMESTICATED VEGETABLES" + ], + "context": [ + "Keep the soil covered with crops as much of the time as possible to prevent erosion and reduce weeds (see box).", + "The first time I used the lot, it was solid, tough fescue pasture, where domesticated vegetables would quickly be cornered and disposed of by weeds." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes a group that becomes tighter as the temperature decreases, similar to how honey retains moisture?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLUSTER" + ], + "context": [ + "Honey is hygroscopic: it absorbs and retains moisture.", + "Initially the cluster is large and loose, but it tightens as the temperature continues to fall." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What factor should we keep in mind alongside the bees' preferences and our own comfort when considering beekeeping?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEIGHBORS' APPREHENSIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider comfort and safety.", + "Aside from the bees' preferences, we need to consider our comfort and the neighbors' apprehensions, all the while applying a measure of common sense." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe a form of asexual reproduction where an organism develops from an unfertilized egg?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARTHENOGENESIS" + ], + "context": [ + "This latter process is known as parthenogenesis, or virgin birth.", + "Parthenogenesis," + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is at risk if honeybees decline in health and survival rates?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOOD SUPPLY" + ], + "context": [ + "Without honeybees our food supply would be in dire straits.", + "Insufficient food supply can lead to rapid declines in bee health and survival rate." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What material might be needed to complement the strainer if the holes in it are too large?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MESH MATERIAL" + ], + "context": [ + "The container should ideally have a strainer near the bottom for the cappings to rest on and a gate or valve at the low point for removing that honey after it drains through.", + "It may be necessary to use the mesh material in conjunction with this if the holes in the strainer are large." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What activity do many immigrants engage in to replicate their homeland's agricultural practices using the seeds and knowledge they brought with them?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GROWING FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Many immigrants have brought their own seeds from their homelands, as well as their culture's knowledge of how to grow food.", + "The beauty of it, Morrow says, is that the immigrants now had an opportunity to replicate what they knew from their homeland: growing food." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the farm where students work with livestock and crops, located near where pigs are found in the shade of trees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WARREN WILSON FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "In a higher field pigs have gravitated to the shade of trees, where they are splayed out in cool dirt.", + "On the Warren Wilson farm, just a short walk from the garden, students work with cattle, pigs, and field crops." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who benefits from the advantages of using package bees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BEGINNER" + ], + "context": [ + "If your choice is package bees, they can sometimes be obtained through a local equipment dealer or you may deal directly with the source and have them mailed to you.", + "The advantages to the beginner in using package bees are several." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the duration it takes for a package to become established and start growing, as suggested by Hubbard's belief of at least ten years?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ESTABLISHMENT TIME" + ], + "context": [ + "One is that it is a slow way to start because it takes time for a package to become established and to begin growing.", + "Hubbard says that he thinks it would take at least ten years to establish." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is a crucial step for farmers to ensure the sale of their products while navigating branding, packaging, and food safety requirements?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FINDING MARKETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Must you have general farm liability?", + "finding markets that will consistently buy smaller quantities; branding, packaging, transporting the products safely to avoid spoilage; and meeting food safety, liability, and insurance requirements." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What evidence suggests that animals have been causing damage to the corn after the recent windstorm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TRACKS" + ], + "context": [ + "A windstorm is sweeping up the plateau, driving the whirling sand at us in thick blankets.", + "Their tracks are fresh, showing the damage they've done to the corn since the harsh windstorm of the day before." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the partnerships that Growing Gardens engages in with other nonprofits to enhance their effectiveness and outreach?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COLLABORATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Gardens also collaborates with other nonprofits to expand its reach.", + "Collaborations can yield greater success than operating in isolation." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What nutrient, alongside nitrogen, is often regulated in soil testing programs to optimize crop yields while reducing fertilizer application rates?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHOSPHORUS" + ], + "context": [ + "Soil may contain only small amounts of nitrogen in forms that plants can utilize, and some plants are heavy feeders of nitrogen.", + "With the advent of soil testing and regulatory programs adopted in the late 1990s and early 2000s to set maximum application rates for nitrogen and phosphorus, specific to each field and crop, farmers today are using an amazing 40 to 50 percent _less_ fertilizer than they did during the pre\u2014Green Revolution days and are achieving the same high yields." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the amount of labor required per ewe?", + "golden_answers": [ + "15 HOURS" + ], + "context": [ + "Labor | 6 hours", + "Labor | 15 hours per ewe" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What key aspect of bee society was studied in depth, particularly in relation to their dancing and communication?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FORAGING BEHAVIOR" + ], + "context": [ + "The interplay between foraging behavior and communication highlights the complexity of bee society.", + "They watched and interpreted the dancing and analyzed foraging behavior of this colony for an entire summer." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What do the family raise along with beef and pork?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGGS" + ], + "context": [ + "This means the supply isn't as stable, says Petrilli, and Polyface can fetch a higher price for its beef through its Buying Club than what Chipotle can afford to offer.", + "The family raises beef and pork, along with chickens for eggs and meat, and they market their products successfully through on-farm sales, a buying club, and restaurants, including the Chipotle Mexican Grill fast-food chain." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the individual structures where bees are kept, which can be one or two in number and are found in various locations, including urban and suburban areas?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HIVES" + ], + "context": [ + "When a package is made up in a southern beeyard, it receives bees from usually one, sometimes two, colonies in that yard.", + "One or two hives can be successful almost anywhere on the continent; bees are often kept in large cities and in suburbs." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of produce do the gardens yield that benefits low-income families?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VEGETABLES" + ], + "context": [ + "This is healthy for him and healthy for his community.", + "Rivera observes that the gardens benefit around 400 people and can produce substantial vegetable yields for low-income families." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which group of farmers in the area are known to divert water from the wash to their fields during the spring melt?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NAVAJO FARMERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Unbelievable, but I'm beginning to see the things that are happening. I never thought this would happen. I never thought the water in that one wash would dry. It's dry now. There's no water.", + "Once a year, with the spring melt, water flows down the wash and the local Hopi and Navajo farmers divert it to their fields in a tightly governed allocation and rotational system." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What event led to the family's increased busyness and neglect of the farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GRANDFATHER'S DEATH" + ], + "context": [ + "Access to the farm is important both for visitors and for your family.", + "After her grandfather died, the family became too busy to tend the farm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the item that, when properly positioned with the feeder, helps prevent bees from escaping when the lid is removed?", + "golden_answers": [ + "QUEEN CAGE" + ], + "context": [ + "If the feeder can and queen cage are properly positioned, they will keep any bees from escaping as you remove the lid.", + "cage, \u201388" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What alternative water sources might a property have in addition to a well?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CISTERN" + ], + "context": [ + "If the property has a well, find out all you can about the amount of water the previous owners used\u2014and how they used it.", + "For example, water on a farm may be provided by a well, a rain barrel, a cistern, and a pond." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What quality is demonstrated by Allen, as well as the animals described, that allows them to thrive despite challenges?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PATIENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "They are strong and persistent and often ignore people, barking dogs, and other disturbances.", + "Today Allen's persistence and patient willingness to learn from his mistakes have earned him \u2013 and the Growing Power team \u2013 national and global recognition as a leader in urban farming." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the plants that goats love to eat, which is also commonly associated with the arrival of spring?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHICKWEED" + ], + "context": [ + "For much of this country, the appearance of dandelions is the signal.", + "Goats love nettles, thistles, dandelions, chickweed, leafy spurge, greasewood, and poison ivy." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What free energy source can be utilized on the farm and sometimes be excessive?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WIND" + ], + "context": [ + "Wind and sun can be excessive.", + "Free energy sources like wind can also be utilized on the farm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for the agricultural system and shares basic needs such as food, water, and air to function effectively?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIVESTOCK" + ], + "context": [ + "Agriculture and food are so fundamental to our survival as a race that it is almost trite to say they are necessarily core elements of every distinct culture.", + "Like livestock, your soil needs food, water, and air to reproduce and function." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of events can provide promotional opportunities for farms and potentially boost sales?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TRADE SHOWS" + ], + "context": [ + "In gardens that host official community events with art or food, the volunteer leaders may need more intensive help.", + "A booth at trade shows and community events can promote your farm and increase your sales." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What are the challenges that residents in the area face regarding local fish and their safety?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES" + ], + "context": [ + "Lila Eason says the fish are so beautiful, they 'look like the sunrise.'", + "The environmental issues that residents face include mercury contamination in the Connecticut River, requiring education about fish consumption." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key concept that assistant crew leaders share and are expected to uphold while working with more experienced crew leaders?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESPONSIBILITIES" + ], + "context": [ + "Learning from and working with more experienced crew leaders, assistant crew leaders share in all responsibilities.", + "Be prepared to compensate, if they do not take their responsibilities seriously." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of crop, chosen by members for foraging, is known for its delicious fruit and is among the options like strawberries and cherry tomatoes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RASPBERRIES" + ], + "context": [ + "The field bee's wings wear down from repeated contact with flowers and foliage during foraging.", + "Members choose certain crops, such as strawberries, raspberries, cherry tomatoes, snap peas, string beans, kale, herbs, and flowers." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe how bees adapt to their new environment upon arrival?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACCLIMATIZE" + ], + "context": [ + "First, recognize that we will not truly know how to deal with these bees until they arrive and see how they acclimatize.", + "Furthermore, we don't truly know when they will arrive in any given area." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key focus of community farming projects like the North Leupp Family Farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND LAND" + ], + "context": [ + "so its seniors can enjoy gardening and fresh food.", + "And the North Leupp Family Farm, a Navajo community farming project not unlike many others around the country, works to rebuild connections between people and land, engaging communities in growing food to supplement the family table, finding respite in gardening, and rediscovering a sense of place." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to define a standard measurement for the impact of livestock on land, typically expressed in terms of hours per animal unit?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANIMAL UNIT" + ], + "context": [ + "I usually buy feeder pigs to be sold as sausage.", + "Animal Unit | Hours/Animal Unit." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is McCrate always trying to implement efficiently on the farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NEW PROJECT" + ], + "context": [ + "**_Goal 8._ We will try any new project on a limited basis and keep good records. I will not bet the farm on hearsay or hype from universities, newspapers, magazines, and so on. I will first test it on my farm and also talk to other farmers who have done it**.", + "You're always scrambling to get a new project and get it done efficiently, says McCrate." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the area where residents can grow their own food just outside their homes in a newly designed housing neighborhood?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YARD" + ], + "context": [ + "the immense value of including food production in any new housing or neighborhood design.", + "Food production is integrated into the design of the housing site, and residents interested in growing their own food can do so just across their large 'yard.'" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "How many sons does Yazzie have?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THREE SONS" + ], + "context": [ + "If your community has a college nearby, count yourself lucky.", + "Today, living about an hour south in Tolani Lake with his wife and three sons, Yazzie is focusing on helping the community reclaim its farming tradition by gaining rights to use water for crop fields." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for protecting livestock, especially young ones, during rough weather?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SHELTER" + ], + "context": [ + "Animals on pasture will use shelter only when needed, but it is good to have in rough weather\u2014particularly for young livestock.", + "Your livestock may need better shelter." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which student from Denison University's 'Homestead' is mentioned first in the context of being part of the intentional community focused on ecological sustainability?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COLIN MCCRATE" + ], + "context": [ + "As college students, Colin McCrate and Brad Halm lived at Denison University\u2019s 'Homestead,' what may be the nation's only student-run intentional community with a focus on ecological sustainability.", + "Representatives: Brad Halm, Colin McCrate" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of eating pattern is commonly associated with typical all-you-can-eat college meal plans that allow for unregulated diets?", + "golden_answers": [ + "IRREGULAR MEALS" + ], + "context": [ + "the typical all-you-can-eat college meal plans allow students to eat unregulated diets.", + "The typical all-you-can-eat college meal plans allow students to eat unregulated diets that are influenced by a host of factors." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What specific locations will participants visit during the self-guided tour in east Portland?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BACKYARD CHICKEN COOPS" + ], + "context": [ + "People can come for a free self-guided tour and look around; Polyface feels this is important to maintain transparency.", + "This self-guided tour takes participants to see backyard chicken coops all over east Portland." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the common substances used to feed bees, alongside pollen or pollen substitutes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUGAR" + ], + "context": [ + "Two substances are commonly fed to bees\u2014sugar and some form of pollen or pollen substitute.", + "Sugar, feeding, \u201352, " + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of flour does Cascade Baking Company use that is sourced from a Washington farmer cooperative?", + "golden_answers": [ + "UNBLEACHED FLOUR" + ], + "context": [ + "Cascade Baking Company, 'About Us,'", + "In the Northwest the Cascade Baking Company uses only Food Alliance\u2013certified unbleached flour from a Washington farmer cooperative." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What location was envisioned for the community gardening project that Janus Youth was familiar with?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NORTH PORTLAND" + ], + "context": [ + "She imagined a community gardening project in North Portland, where Janus Youth knew the community.", + "North Portland, Oregon, \u201315." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes a workforce that operates independently and is motivated by rewards?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INCENTIVIZED AUTONOMOUS WORKFORCE" + ], + "context": [ + "The team stood, a portentous air enveloping them.", + "Use an incentivized autonomous workforce." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What do they want to establish that requires good soil?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "It is best, of course, if your farm begins with good soil.", + "They wanted a farm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What key factor should be addressed for the bees to efficiently handle their food during warm weather?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOOD PROCESSING" + ], + "context": [ + "The bees need warm weather to process this food.", + "**Consider hiring out the food processing**." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What must individuals acquire and apply in order to transform their farming efforts into a profitable endeavor?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUSINESS SKILLS" + ], + "context": [ + "The gardens serve as a source of pride and ownership for participants.", + "Anyone can own a farm and call themselves a farmer, but to become profitable you must acquire and apply business skills." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the act of bringing queen bees into the United States illegally, in violation of federal regulations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VIOLATION" + ], + "context": [ + "No one is sure how it came into the United States, but it is most likely that it arrived with queen bees that were brought in illegally.", + "We do not know specifically how they came into this country, but they were probably brought in illegally with queen bees\u2014a violation of this federal ban." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe trees or plants sold for use as barriers against wind or as habitats for wildlife?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WINDBREAKS" + ], + "context": [ + "Sell nursery stock for windbreaks or wildlife shelter.", + "Windbreaks, \u201312" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the measure of bee presence and engagement in the frames of the hive body that indicates when to add a super?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACTIVITY LEVEL" + ], + "context": [ + "Place the second hive body with its ten frames of foundation directly on the first body, and replace the covers.", + "After about a month, during which feeding has probably continued, it is time to put the second hive body in its proper place.", + "When you see activity in seven or eight frames of the second hive body, consider adding a super." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of project did the residents of North Portland create that grew from a small garden to a larger community initiative?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "She imagined a community gardening project in North Portland, where Janus Youth knew the community.", + "It started small with Harry's Mother, as a small garden out front, became raised beds in the parking lot, then grew into a community garden in North Portland at St. Johns Woods.", + "Within only four weeks, because the neighborhood itself was excited, because the idea of their neighborhood garden had been grown _by them_ over four years, the community now wanted to double the size of their garden." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the most productive uses of a farmer's time according to the statement on successful farming?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FIGURING COSTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Despite the somewhat gloomy note struck by my brief history of agriculture, there are more opportunities to start and succeed on a farm today than ever before.", + "In addition to planning, you must be willing to be flexible and shrewd.", + "The most productive use of any farmer's time is spent in planning, figuring costs, and marketing." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the two seasons during which complete protection treatment for the hive is required?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPRING" + ], + "context": [ + "After a minute or two, remove the super and set it away from the hive, on the inverted outer cover.", + "If an inside inspection seems necessary, take off the outer cover. Where is the cluster? We know that the cluster establishes itself at the bottom of the hive in the fall, with honey surrounding it on the sides and above.", + "Complete protection requires treatment twice per year, once in spring and once in fall." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What issue are many developing countries addressing by turning to fish farming to satisfy their protein needs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DWINDLING OCEAN FISH SUPPLY" + ], + "context": [ + "According to GLWI scientist Fred Binkowski, fish farming is part of a trend to grow safer, better food closer to home.", + "fish farming,", + "Many developing countries are turning to fish farming to satisfy their protein needs, increase their self-dependence, and reduce risks from the dwindling ocean fish supply." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are some potential customers for the fresh brown eggs being sold by the seller?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARKET CUSTOMERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Angela Galloway, 'Seattle Homeowners May Keep Miniature Goats as Pets,' _Seattle Post-Intelligencer_, September 26, 2007.", + "Still, Grant did the most important thing of all: when she decided to raise a couple of miniature goats, she asked her neighbors if they might have objections.", + "Say you are selling fresh brown eggs to neighbors, market customers, and a local restaurant." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the extreme conditions mentioned that communities need to prepare for in order to ensure regional resilience?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FLOODING" + ], + "context": [ + "At a practical and local level, the UN report suggests that biodiversity can offer the seed and animal diversity needed for times and areas of great drought, great flooding, and other extreme conditions.", + "It shouldn't come as a surprise that more and more communities are focusing on regional resilience, as multiple stresses across the globe have tested communities to their limits \u2013 tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, rising oil prices, food shortages and riots, the economic crisis of 2008, not to mention threats and acts of terrorism.", + "And big coat to plant. That's when you'll starve. You won't have any corn. Nothing will grow. Either we'll have starvation, earthquakes, flooding." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the structure that is strengthened by wire and forms within the frames of a beehive?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMB" + ], + "context": [ + "The results are raised beds made of beautiful (and inert) hunks of bluestone, laid deep into the ground for stability.", + "As the hive grows taller in the summer months, it becomes a bit less stable and a little more tipsy.", + "Wire does add some strength and stability to the frames and the resulting comb." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What substance is used by beekeepers to calm bees and facilitate easier access to the hive during harvest?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMOKE" + ], + "context": [ + "To use it for harvest, first smoke the super gently to get some of the bees moving down and out of the super.", + "The smoke calms and soothes the bees and makes life at the hive much easier for the beekeeper.", + "Another example of patterned behavior is the bees' reaction to smoke." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are some of the key factors to consider when evaluating different enterprise choices for your farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES" + ], + "context": [ + "This give and take must be in balance for your farm to be sustainable in the long run\u2014and management is what determines the balance.", + "Then we help you refine your goals, following that up with a discussion of marketing, enterprise choices, machinery, and management.", + "I want to cover a few enterprise choices, along with some of their advantages and disadvantages and their potential markets." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What nearby ranches supply the restaurant with one to two whole cows each week?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIABLO TRUST RANCHES" + ], + "context": [ + "Down the road a piece and around another bend, chickens are pecking at bugs in a field.", + "Salatin had experimented with sheep, but they 'competed with the cows, and had to go,' reports journalist Mark Neuzil.", + "Over the course of a week, depending on the season, the restaurant uses the equivalent of one to two whole cows from the nearby Diablo Trust ranches." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the supporters who signed the petition alongside Richard Conlin in support of her cause?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ALLIES" + ], + "context": [ + "Council President Richard Conlin, 'One Small Step For Man, One Giant Leap For Goatkind,' _Making It Work_ (newsletter) 9, no. 8 (October 4, 2007).", + "Conlin, Richard, \u201329", + "She recruited nearly a thousand allies who signed a petition, along with Richard Conlin, a neighbor and city councilor sympathetic to her cause." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What must you select in addition to livestock when planning a sustainable farming operation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CROPS" + ], + "context": [ + "Sustainable farming simply means farming that sustains itself\u2014a continuous cycle that does not wear out the land or the farmer, replenishes the livestock and crops, and enables the family to continue farming.", + "The diverse operations at Hickory Nut Gap Farm include raising various livestock such as pigs, chickens, and cattle.", + "Once you have chosen your crops and livestock, marketing decisions must be made." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one benefit of small farms compared to larger operations in terms of community engagement?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TIME FOR INTERACTION" + ], + "context": [ + "There are machines to crack walnuts, which decrease time and labor, but they also decrease quality.", + "Can you exchange machines with a neighbor, or barter for the use of what you need?", + "Small farms provide more time for interaction with family and neighbors." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the potato farm located in Austin, Colorado that specializes in potatoes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RONNIGER'S POTATO FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "For instance, you might plant corn, followed by potatoes, followed by a small grain, followed by a hay crop.", + "Ronniger's Potato Farm is located in Austin, Colorado, providing services related to potatoes.", + "Ronniger's Potato Farm specializes in potatoes." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the bacterial disease that affects the brood stage of honey bees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EUROPEAN FOULBROOD" + ], + "context": [ + "**European Foulbrood**", + "European foulbrood (EFB): A disease of bacterial origin that can infect the brood stage of honey bees.", + "Foulbrood European, \u201346" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What do the variety of vendors and their offerings at markets contribute to attracting more people?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRODUCTS" + ], + "context": [ + "In addition to selling food to the campus dining service, the garden sells food at a farmers' market on campus twice a week and also at a weekend market at a nearby fire department.", + "Talk to farmers you know, or go to a farmers' market in the area you want to move to and talk to the vendors there about what they grow and what works for them.", + "She suggests that customers believe competition will give them a better deal and that they'll find better quality for less money. So the more vendors and products, the more people come." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What does Johnson provide to illustrate the impact of community gardening initiatives?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EXAMPLE" + ], + "context": [ + "is one of the more remarkable \u2013 and unexpected \u2013 outcomes of Janus Youth's foray into the world of community gardening.", + "The South End/Lower Roxbury Open Space Land Trust is a nonprofit working to, as its mission states, 'acquire, own, improve, and maintain open space for community gardening and pocket parks in the South End and Lower Roxbury neighborhoods of Boston for the public benefit in perpetuity.'", + "Johnson barely takes a breath and moves on to another example." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What aspect of farming involves refining goals, discussing marketing, enterprise choices, and machinery?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MANAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "What does it take to be certified organic? Will crop yields be lower, the same, or higher?", + "Since its start in 2001, the farm has been certified organic, and because machinery is limited by both budget and a farming philosophy that prefers intensive hand-scale techniques rather than mechanical inputs, much of the work is done by hand.", + "Then we help you refine your goals, following that up with a discussion of marketing, enterprise choices, machinery, and management." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What natural substance can be used to provide relief from pain and is typically collected from bees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HONEY" + ], + "context": [ + "Dust and mud are 'up close and personal' every day and every season.", + "For instance, a dab of mud, a paste of baking soda and water, an ice cube, a drop or two of honey\u2014these and many more will give relief until the pain stops.", + "Honey was, no doubt, simply collected from a hollow tree or whatever other space the bees had found to build their nest." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key concept do ASD's initiatives highlight alongside nutrition, agriculture, and cooking in their efforts to promote awareness of community issues related to food?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUSTAINABILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "ASD's work is evidence that the local and organic food movement is not necessarily elitist, as some insist, but in fact can specifically address issues of social justice.", + "It increases the community's awareness and interest in a host of shared concerns seen through the lens of food: economic development, social justice, nutrition, and public health.", + "They also often include educational initiatives about nutrition, agriculture, cooking, and sustainability." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What organization brokered the relationship that allowed Gladheart Farms to serve seniors in their community?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APPALACHIAN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PROJECT" + ], + "context": [ + "These grassroots projects work on different fronts and in different venues, but all are trying to turn the tide of the obesity epidemic, even as it washes over us and our children.", + "Small grassroots projects begin to use food to help specific populations \u2013 shelters, food pantries, youth, seniors, and immigrants.", + "The Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project brokered the relationship, and Gladheart Farms was thrilled for the opportunity to serve seniors." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the regulations that help manage the challenges posed by increasing public interest in beekeeping and the need for operational integrity?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COPING REGULATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Farm management requires strategies to handle the influx of public interest and maintain operational integrity.", + "As public interest in bees and beekeeping grows, regulations may need to adapt to support urban beekeeping practices.", + "If you live in an area where the Africanized bee has already arrived, find out what plans, restrictions, and regulations are in place." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the quantity of produce harvested from agricultural practices, which can be affected by factors such as crop rotation and planting methods?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CROP YIELDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Water conserving, 84\u201385.", + "On the average, rotating your crops will give you a 10 percent increase in yields; continual planting of the same crop results in mineral depletion.", + "Crop yields and net profit metrics include a variety of fruits and vegetables." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What should be assessed before deciding whether to proceed with plowing or to clean based on conditions and maintenance?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EQUIPMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "If you are working your ground with a tractor and there is water in the plow sole, _stop_ \u2014it is too wet.", + "First, consider the equipment's age and usage.", + "If the disease is too advanced, it may be better to kill the bees and clean the equipment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What topic do farm staff focus on when working with elementary schools and after-school programs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NUTRITION" + ], + "context": [ + "In the Boston area, the Food Project's desire to connect youth with land and community seemed a fairly simple proposition: get some land, and bring youth together to learn to grow food. Yet it led to one of our nation's premier examples of effective food farming through creative youth training and empowerment. Something so simple, yet so good!", + "Farm staff also work with elementary schools and after-school programs to teach students about healthy food and nutrition.", + "Nutrition, \u201351" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of poultry does the farmer allow to roam freely and eat a natural diet of insects, grass, and clover?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHICKENS" + ], + "context": [ + "Chuck purchased emus at low prices and started breeding them.", + "Processing of poultry\u2014chickens, turkeys, ducks, emus\u2014as well as game birds and rabbits, can be done at home.", + "The farmer lets chickens do what comes naturally, eating a diet of insects, grass, and clover." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the set of recommendations made by Farmer Steve Salt and the Food Project for tool and equipment usage and gardening practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "Farmer Steve Salt offers these guidelines for tool and equipment usage.", + "They've developed a set of guidelines that allow the farm to continue operating while valuing their customers.", + "Simple guidelines offered by the Food Project include: Do not work in the garden when it is dry and dusty; work in the garden only when the soil is moist or damp." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of work will someone engage in to learn basic farming skills while balancing their city lifestyle?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PART TIME WORK" + ], + "context": [ + "Of production, and projected customer returns calls for knowledge and experience.", + "Acquire practical farming skills through hands-on experience or guidance from seasoned farmers.", + "**_Goal 4_. We are from the city, so I will work part time for a farmer, maybe on weekends, to learn basic skills and ask questions, questions, questions, so that I can gather an idea of what I want to do. I will work for free if necessary to achieve this goal**." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to plant arrangements that reduce wind velocity, slow wind erosion, and create microclimates, often used for wildlife shelter?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WINDBREAKS" + ], + "context": [ + "Sell nursery stock for windbreaks or wildlife shelter.", + "Windbreaks benefits of, , 87\u201389.", + "Windbreaks reduce wind velocity, slow wind erosion, and create microclimates." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the entity that wanted to purchase the lot to foster a sense of ownership among the neighborhood?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CITY" + ], + "context": [ + "Predators, shelters from, 82\u201383.", + "The crews and their leaders meet in the city to work as volunteers at food pantries and shelters.", + "While the city was happy to have the site farmed, it wanted to buy the lot itself so that the neighborhood would feel some ownership." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the essential factor that ensures a farm remains sustainable and profitable?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUSINESS" + ], + "context": [ + "To be sustainable, a farm must be diversified.", + "**_Goal 2_. We want a sustainable, diversified, profitable farm because it gives us the best chance for success**.", + "You must remind them that for you to stay in business and your farm to be sustainable, you must make a profit." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What prices must you achieve for the majority of your production to reach your financial goals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RETAIL PRICES" + ], + "context": [ + "A niche market can start with small sales and grow into the volume that you desire.", + "The question is whether you will process enough units of volume to increase your profits.", + "To gain the volume needed for success in your monetary goals, you must receive retail prices for most, if not all, of your production." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the duration of the farm tours organized by ASAP each year?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OVER A WEEKEND" + ], + "context": [ + "The program supports the development and maintenance of school gardens, which are often a first focal point where children can grow the same kinds of fresh food that they eat in their cafeteria, providing a rich educational experience.", + "experiential learning opportunities through school gardens, farm tours, farmer- and chef-in-the-classroom sessions.", + "ASAP annually organizes tours of more than 40 farms in six counties over a weekend." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key factor that Corboy believes enhances the success of farmers' markets?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMPETITION" + ], + "context": [ + "And in terms of honey alone, the USDA reports that producers with five or more colonies were managing in 2008 about 2.3 million colonies that yielded about 164 million pounds of honey.", + "Corboy believes farmers' markets do better when they have more competition. So in a counterintuitive business move, Corboy decided to open the Greensgrow CSA farmers' market to other farmers, and in 2009 it was hosting 80 producers.", + "Competition" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are the necessary components, along with support pins, that help secure the foundation in the frames for effective bee operations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRAME WIRE AND EYELETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Pins work well for fastening the foundation into the frame.", + "The use of frame wire and pins is suggested to secure the foundation in the frames for effective bee operations.", + "Support pins (four per frame), or frame wire and eyelets are also necessary components." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What animal is mentioned in the context of reproduction and coexisting difficulties with bees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HORSES" + ], + "context": [ + "Horses also reproduce themselves, ensuring a continuation of available equipment.", + "Horses,", + "It has long been known that bees and horses often have difficulty coexisting and should not be kept in close proximity." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of both the nonprofit dedicated to feeding the hungry and Richter's efforts in biodiesel production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WASTE REDUCTION" + ], + "context": [ + "No business can survive without customers, whether it's a nonprofit or a for-profit enterprise.", + "this society has grown into a lean nonprofit, putting almost 96 cents of every donated dollar toward food for the hungry and demonstrating that gleaning is an effective way to reduce waste and feed our hungry.", + "Richter remains dedicated to finding innovative solutions for waste reduction in biodiesel production." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the constant goal of beekeepers when managing hives and frames?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CONTROL" + ], + "context": [ + "Frames include ten per hive body, full-depth, 9\u215c-inch with wedge-style top bar and two-piece or split bottom bar.", + "The beekeepers' constant goal was more control, and they tried many kinds of hives and frames, including some movable frames, but the bees continued to fasten comb to the sides of the hive.", + "This situation is more under control now, but is always something to be considered." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the duties and tasks involved in sharing the workload of milk production among friends or neighbors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MILKING RESPONSIBILITIES" + ], + "context": [ + "A simple example is hogs and corn. Train the hogs to graze the cornstalks during late growth and turn the animals onto the field after harvest.", + "Unlike such commodities as wheat, corn, soy, and milk, fish farming doesn't have a safety net of subsidies provided by the federal government.", + "It's helpful to recruit a nearby friend or neighbor who is willing to share milking responsibilities as well as the abundance of milk, says Grant." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What state is Jones Valley Urban Farm located in?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ALABAMA" + ], + "context": [ + "Jones Valley Urban Farm leases a 3-acre city block in downtown Birmingham for only $1 per year.", + "or the land farmed by Jones Valley Urban Farm in Birmingham, Alabama.", + "Rachel Reinhart, program director at the Jones Valley Urban Farm (JVUF) in Birmingham, Alabama, puts it bluntly." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of landscaping is featured in the Frederick Douglass Peace Garden?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GROOMED GRASS" + ], + "context": [ + "Food really binds people together, says Blethen.", + "Everything revolves around that. Weddings and dances, food, everything we use corn for.", + "The Frederick Douglass Peace Garden is a mix of cobbled performance space and a button oasis of groomed grass and ornamental plantings inside a short, white picket fence, where small events and weddings can be held amid the city bustle." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What do the frames in a beehive include that are essential for the bees, aside from the brood?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STORES OF HONEY" + ], + "context": [ + "Some individuals who take up beekeeping do so because they need bees for pollination.", + "The pollen is then moved from like-flower to like-flower, accomplishing pollination.", + "The frames include, in addition to the brood, stores of honey and pollen." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What city is home to the Southside Community Land Trust and its initiative called City Farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND" + ], + "context": [ + "Southside Community Land Trust, 'City Farm,' .", + "Southside Community Land Trust: 109 SOMERSET STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02907, 401-273-9419, www.southsideclt.org", + "In Providence, Rhode Island, another neighborhood land trust \u2013 perhaps the nation's first \u2013 wanted to grow community along with community gardens." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the act of young people offering their help to assist the elderly with tasks such as planting?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VOLUNTEER WORK" + ], + "context": [ + "Young children, age 5 or 6, can do simple chores like collecting chicken eggs.", + "\u201cDon't get too complicated, he suggests. It's mainly a matter of bringing the elders and young children back out to the fields.", + "Many youth even volunteer to help plant for the elderly." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What initiative focuses on health, education, transformation, and empowerment in relation to sustainable farming practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THE FOOD PROJECT" + ], + "context": [ + "They provide me with steady income, year after year, at little cost to me, my farm, or the environment.", + "Evidence began to accumulate that intensified crop and animal production had unanticipated costs for our environment and our health.", + "Health, education, transformation, empowerment. The Food Project is pointing the way.<" + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are some community-based initiatives that facilitate the collective purchasing of food directly from local farmers and producers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUYING CLUBS" + ], + "context": [ + "ASAP identifies farms willing to supply that food, distributors willing to carry it, and restaurants willing to feature it in chef-prepared dishes.", + "And connected to these companies is an intricate network of distributors who aggregate food shipments to supply hospitals, schools, retirement homes, restaurants, and grocery stores.", + "CSAs, metropolitan buying clubs, farmers' markets, and stocking local food in local markets and grocery stores, restaurants, and other venues." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key goals of farming practices that utilize renewable energy according to those committed to environmental health?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HEAL THE ENVIRONMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Both are committed to environmental health and renewable energy, sharing a mission to 'bring to life the connection between environmental and social justice issues through practice and education.'", + "Others are showing that it is possible to farm profitably and successfully on renewable energy.", + "Others are showing that it is possible to farm profitably and successfully on renewable energy and that farming can actively regenerate and heal the environment." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of agricultural management emphasizes diversification for financial stability and sustainability?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SMALL-FARM MANAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Farms became more specialized, and diversification and its benefits gave way to new agricultural thinking.", + "And diversification, argues Corboy, is important for financial stability.", + "Sustainable small-farm management is based on diversification." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of products will the community store operated by Janus Youth sell that are sourced from community gardens?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRODUCE" + ], + "context": [ + "The experience of Janus Youth in Portland, Oregon underscores this point.", + "In Portland, Oregon, Janus Youth (page 105) \u2013 a huge nonprofit organization by any standards, with an operating budget of $9 million \u2013 finds success by operating on a modular system.", + "For Janus Youth (page 105) it has led to a community store that will sell community garden produce and value-added products and provide jobs for local residents." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the practice that involves starting and maintaining bees and is generally the same worldwide?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BEEKEEPING" + ], + "context": [ + "In selecting books, you should realize that beekeeping, in general, is the same worldwide.", + "Starting and maintaining bees.", + "It becomes ever more important to read, to talk with other beekeepers, and to make yourself a part of the larger world of beekeeping." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is Jamie's wife who leases the farm from his mother and siblings?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AMY" + ], + "context": [ + "Our vision is to inspire as many people as possible to grow their own food, says Caitlin Blethen, manager of the Youth Grow program.", + "The contributions of various individuals and organizations form a comprehensive index related to urban and environmental planning.", + "Today Jamie's mother Annie Ager and her five siblings own the farm, and Jamie and his wife Amy lease the farm from them." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the main goals of the urban farms mentioned in the context of their community impact?", + "golden_answers": [ + "IMPROVED HEALTH" + ], + "context": [ + "Everyone in the neighborhood should always know exactly what's going on at an urban farm, says Greensgrow's Corboy.", + "And each one teaches practical job skills to people who would otherwise be marginalized by society, while also fostering hope, empowerment, neighborhood, and a sense of community.", + "And all are striving to do it economically and sustainably, whether for a restored environment, for improved health, for empowerment, or for community." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to traditional agricultural locations where farmers sell their produce at wholesale prices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SALE BARNS" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Power can tap into the wholesale prices offered through its Rainbow Farmer's Cooperative.", + "The farm commits to buying a certain amount of produce at wholesale prices, planning each month's purchases based on the number of shares purchased that month.", + "Traditional agriculture depends on 'wholesale' prices at elevators and sale barns." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the cofounder of the Intervale that is helping design the South Village to include a working farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WILL RAAP" + ], + "context": [ + "A remarkably short distance from downtown Burlington, Vermont, that bastion of progressivity, lies one of the most unusual experiments in local food production anywhere: the Intervale.", + "Intervale literally means a low-lying place between two hills, and that characterizes well the feeling of this landscape.", + "With the help of Will Raap, cofounder of the Intervale, South Village is being designed to include a working farm." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the six essential components of the food system that is crucial for connecting products from producers to customers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DISTRIBUTION" + ], + "context": [ + "These often have excellent potential for profits, but require an enormous investment in time, labor, and learning, without an obvious market readily available.", + "Processing may or may not increase your profits.", + "To succeed, each cluster would require all of what he considers the six essential components of the food system: production, processing, distribution, marketing, accounting ('Someone has to watch the money'), and a customer." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of packaging does the farm use for selling firewood during the winter?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GREENSGROW WOOD BAGS" + ], + "context": [ + "If chicken feed is stored properly, it will not attract wildlife.", + "Timber can produce posts, firewood, wildlife, light grazing, and lumber for building and pens.", + "In the winter the farm sells Christmas trees and firewood in ready-to-transport Greensgrow wood bags." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of Michael Pollan's book that explores the complexities of our food choices and focuses on the topic of industrial corn?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THE OMNIVORE'S DILEMMA" + ], + "context": [ + "Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma (New York: Penguin, 2007); see especially part 1, 'Industrial Corn.'", + "Michael Pollan, _The Omnivore's Dilemma_ (New York: Penguin, 2007), 224.", + "When The Omnivore's Dilemma became a surprise best seller, Salatin and his family sat down to answer these questions together." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What substance might bees collect in addition to nectar and pollen while foraging?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WATER" + ], + "context": [ + "the honey will be full of particles of wax and other debris.", + "As the honey comes from the extractor, it contains particles of wax, bits of propolis, occasional wings or legs, and other hive debris.", + "She may collect nectar, pollen, water, or propolis during this period, concentrating on one or two of these." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What farming model helps new farmers overcome the major problem of the cost of land?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INTERVALE APPROACH" + ], + "context": [ + "New farmers are susceptible to the exact same traps as old-time farmers.", + "One of the biggest challenges today in fostering new farmers to replace the rapidly aging population of farmers is the prohibitive cost of land.", + "When asked about concerns those interested in getting into farming might have about the Intervale's model, he says that the Intervale approach does help farmers overcome the major problem of the cost of land." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What animals are on the farm that help control pests by pecking at bugs in the field?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHICKENS" + ], + "context": [ + "Only years later would we learn that DDT doesn't biodegrade like other chemicals and persists in the soil for untold decades, a carcinogen waiting to be taken up in food crops for human consumption.", + "Children tour the farm by following fun, hand-painted interpretive signs, learning about soil, bugs, plants, the green roof, the composting toilet.", + "Down the road a piece and around another bend, chickens are pecking at bugs in a field." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What organization is able to acquire and hold conservation easements on land for natural, cultural, and recreational uses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CENTER FOR RESILIENT CITIES" + ], + "context": [ + "But setting up a land trust is not a panacea, says Johnson.", + "A land trust protects land by purchasing the land outright, by contracting ultra-long-term leases, or, if the private landowner retains ownership, by holding and managing conservation easements that govern how the land can be used by future generations.", + "The Center for Resilient Cities (formerly the Urban Open Space Foundation), on the other hand, is able to acquire and hold conservation easements on land for natural, cultural, and recreational uses." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of markets should small farmers focus on for their crops and livestock to ensure they are successful?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NICHE MARKETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Each food cluster would allow nearby small farmers to put their energies into doing what they do best, farming.", + "Historically, small farmers have found it difficult to access local school food markets, given the complexities of the procurement process.", + "Small farmers should raise crops and livestock only for niche markets." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term does Rhonda Beaver use to describe the initiatives of the council and the MFSI that extend beyond diet?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EFFORTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Rhonda Beaver, chief performance officer of the Muscogee Nation Division of Health, says that efforts of the council and the MFSI are about more than diet.", + "The efforts of the council and the MFSI are about more than diet, says Rhonda Beaver, chief performance officer of the Muscogee Nation Division of Health.", + "I hope you'll find them as inspiring as I do and perhaps even be motivated to initiate or join an effort in your own community." + ], + "nary": 2, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What method is used to obtain a positive diagnosis through the examination of adult bees or their fecal matter?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DISSECTION" + ], + "context": [ + "The only positive diagnosis comes from dissection and microscopic examination of adult bees or of their fecal matter." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of arrangement is recommended for farmers purchasing machinery together to avoid problems?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COOPERATIVE" + ], + "context": [ + "Some farmers purchase machinery together, but to avoid problems, I recommend avoiding this unless it is done as a cooperative, with all arrangements among parties worked out on paper in advance." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is commonly used to describe the initial interaction between humans and extraterrestrial life?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FIRST CONTACT" + ], + "context": [ + "This might well be our first contact." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the traditional methods for farming in the desert that involves using water from floods?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FLOOD-IRRIGATION FARMING" + ], + "context": [ + "She learned dry farming, natural springwater farming, and flood-irrigation farming, three distinct traditional methods for farming in the desert." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary goal of selecting specific crops or products in smaller quantities in the farming business?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROFIT" + ], + "context": [ + "They concern the business of farming: identifying the right crops or products that in smaller quantities will bring in a profit." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of manure is easy to remove and compost due to its small, compact pellets?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GOAT MANURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Goat urine is less odorous than cat urine, and goat manure is small, compact pellets, easy to remove and compost." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the profession that Jackson is considering communicating about, which can be viewed as a viable and sustainable option today?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARMING" + ], + "context": [ + "Jackson is beginning to think, once again, about messaging \u2013 how to communicate the idea that farming today doesn't have to be a backbreaking dead end." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What thickness of concrete was used to contain the remaining contamination after the tanks were removed?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THREE-FOOT LAYER OF CONCRETE" + ], + "context": [ + "Removed the tanks, and contained the remaining contamination with a three-foot layer of concrete." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What meal do the interns at Gladheart Farms eat at 6:00 a.m.?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BREAKFAST" + ], + "context": [ + "During a typical summer day at Gladheart Farms, interns rise at 5:30 a.m., eat breakfast at 6:00 a.m., and work until 9:00 or 10:00 at night." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the factor that can pose challenges for farmers' markets aiming to serve low-income populations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "This system can be a hurdle for farmers' markets wishing to serve low-income populations..." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of products does Marin Organic glean that includes a variety of vegetables?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ORGANIC VEGETABLES" + ], + "context": [ + "Marin Organic gleans a wide variety of organic vegetables, meats, and dairy products." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What strategies do staff use to enhance their branding and name recognition in the community for recruiting volunteers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY EVENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Staff attribute their success in recruiting volunteers to their focus on a basic level of 'branding,' or building name recognition in the community." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a consequence that can occur when activities are interrupted or halted?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DISRUPTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Doing so does disrupt activities and can set back production." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the company located in Piqua, Ohio, that specializes in garden supplies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "A.M. LEONARD, INC." + ], + "context": [ + "A.M. Leonard, Inc. is located in Piqua, Ohio, specializing in garden supplies." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of food does urban farming provide to the community?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL, FRESH FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Whether an urban farm is a temporary or long-term use of a contaminated site, food farming offers new potential for the urban landscape to become a source of green jobs and local, fresh food." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the benefit of stocking fields of grass instead of hauling hay daily for livestock?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WINTER FEED" + ], + "context": [ + "It is much easier to stockpile fields of grass for winter feed and drive the livestock to that field one time than to haul hay daily." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term encapsulates the positive outcomes for consumers, providers, and the community as a whole when it comes to local food production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BENEFITS" + ], + "context": [ + "But the Agers\u2019 decisions show they care about more than growing grass-fed meats for their community; they also care about being a resource and growing mental, physical, and spiritual connections with their community.", + "Focus on the benefits of local food, for the people who consume it, the people who provide it, and the community as a whole." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term for the symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots that can be enhanced with increased organic matter and minimal soil disturbance?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MYCORRHIZA" + ], + "context": [ + "Mycorrhiza can be enhanced with increased organic matter and minimal disturbance of the soil.", + "Mycorrhiza," + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What product from alternative livestock, such as elk or deer, is often marketed and has built-in demand?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VELVET" + ], + "context": [ + "This means relying on alternative crops and livestock, or alternative marketing, rather than the traditional types the universities promote.", + "Some varieties of alternative livestock have built-in markets, such as velvet from elk or deer." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the permaculture farm located at 134 Orbitz Road, Sand Lake, PA, known for being an example of a mature permaculture system?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THREE SISTERS FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "Three Sisters Farm, located in Mercer County in western Pennsylvania, is an example of an older, more mature permaculture system.", + "Three Sisters Farm: 134 ORBITZ ROAD, SAND LAKE, PA 16145, 724-376-2797, www.bioshelter.com" + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe farmers or growers who engage directly in the planting and harvesting of crops, such as those cultivating soybeans and corn on the Bennett farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Yields on the Bennett farm have varied from 33 to 50 bushels for soybeans and been about 115 bushels for corn.", + "Nitrogen-fixing crops like soybeans should be followed by nitrogen-using crops like corn." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the responses individuals have to specific stimuli, particularly in the context of their behavior and tolerance?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REACTIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "reactions to, remedies for, tolerance to, \u20139", + "They don't think\u2014they react, and their reactions are in response to specific stimuli." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of crop is mentioned in relation to a taxpayer who sells trees without planting or cultivation on their own land?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHRISTMAS TREES" + ], + "context": [ + "Small farms hold the key to reconnect people with the land and the food they must have to sustain life.", + "Neither is a taxpayer who sells Christmas trees grown, without planting or cultivation, on land he owns." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the executive director of SEEDS, Inc. in Durham, North Carolina, who emphasizes the importance of valuing volunteers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LUCY HARRIS" + ], + "context": [ + "One of the biggest mistakes organizations make is to undervalue their volunteers, according to Lucy Harris, executive director of SEEDS, Inc. in Durham, North Carolina.", + "Harris, Lucy, ," + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key focus area for maximizing profits from your whole-hog sausage business?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARKETING" + ], + "context": [ + "We have existing portable hog houses and will purchase feeder pigs to sell as whole-hog sausage in the fall.", + "Direct marketing whole-hog sausage enables you to capture a niche market that is far more profitable than hauling your hogs to the sale barn and saying, 'What will you give me for them?'", + "How will you market your products? You can sell wholesale, at a lower profit, or retail at a higher profit." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the part of the hive that is hook-wired and supports the structure?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOUNDATION" + ], + "context": [ + "The document explains the importance of using compatible frames and foundations in the hive construction.", + "Foundation is hook-wired, 8\u00bd-inch, supporting the structure of the hive.", + "They have been drawing out the foundation steadily and it is time to decide if you should put on a honey super." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the critical period during which beekeepers should anticipate the potential for new colonies to form and where timing is essential for successful hive management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SWARM SEASON" + ], + "context": [ + "Wire does add some strength and stability to the frames and the resulting comb.", + "It may not have the strength required to do so successfully, the timing within the season may be poor, and the quality of the season may not allow a swarm to survive.", + "By the time that the swarm season has ended and you realize that you are not going to get one this year, it may be too late to start a package or to find an available nuc." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of food, along with fruits and berries, is largely derived from honeybee pollination according to the American Beekeeping Federation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VEGETABLES" + ], + "context": [ + "**** Lance Sundberg, American Beekeeping Federation, 'Honey Bee Facts,' http://www.abfnet.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=71.", + "Lance Sundberg, American Beekeeping Federation, 'Honey Bee Facts,' http://www.abfnet.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=71.", + "The American Beekeeping Federation says that about one-third of all our food \u2013 most vegetables, fruits, and berries \u2013 is directly or indirectly derived from honeybee pollination." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes a hospital's potential to serve as an example for proactive healthy choices in its community?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY ROLE MODEL" + ], + "context": [ + "If the trees are already there, management is all that is needed to have a resource that is capable of producing a nice income with little start-up capital.", + "as resource, 218\u201319", + "Hospitals have the potential to act not only as a resource to treat the sick, but as a community role model for proactive healthy choices." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is often depicted in bucolic images representing local food sources?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARM LANDSCAPE" + ], + "context": [ + "However, pilot projects to help tobacco farmers transition to 'niche' products, such as strawberries and bell peppers, were largely unsuccessful.", + "In general, potatoes, sweet corn, broccoli, and strawberries are big feeders of nitrogen, while beans, peas, pumpkins, and lettuce are low users of nitrogen.", + "The face of local food is most commonly portrayed by bucolic images: the farm landscape with barns and sheds; the pumpkins, apples, chickens, and cows." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key focuses of Greensgrow in relation to local food systems?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Representatives: Joel Salatin, Sheri Salatin, Phil Petrilli (of Chipotle, Inc.)", + "Ever creative, Joel Salatin is dreaming up a new model for growing local food systems in a way that would support small family farms, playing to farmers' typical strength in production and providing support for the weak links of distribution, marketing, and customer service.", + "Greensgrow operates with the goal of community engagement and education about local food systems." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key principle do organizations like Diablo Burger and various programs supporting new businesses and farmers prioritize to promote community health and empowerment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "that incubates new businesses and farmers and empowers women and youths with special programs \u2013 all while celebrating Puerto Rican food heritage.", + "And all are striving to do it economically and sustainably, whether for a restored environment, for improved health, for empowerment, or for community.", + "Diablo Burger is also all about promoting local environmental and economic sustainability." + ], + "nary": 3, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of produce does Totally Tomatoes specialize in?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TOMATOES" + ], + "context": [ + "Totally Tomatoes operates in Randolph, Wisconsin, specializing in tomatoes and peppers." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What specific group did he believe community gardens did not adequately cater to, alongside single mothers and the disabled?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ELDERLY" + ], + "context": [ + "And though community gardens had taken off in the 1970s, he didn't think they catered to all people who might benefit, such as the elderly, single mothers, and the disabled." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key goal does the cooperative farm aim to achieve alongside promoting food security and self-sufficiency for Navajo communities?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "...is a cooperative farm focused on reestablishing traditional Navajo agricultural and culinary traditions, with the goal of promoting food security, agricultural sustainability, self-sufficiency, and health for Navajo communities." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the gross income per acre for producing onions when harvesting 1,500 sacks weighing 50 pounds each?", + "golden_answers": [ + "$10,500.00" + ], + "context": [ + "Onion Gross income/acre (1,500 sacks 50 lbs. apiece) | $10,500.00" + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of gardens were created by the Flint Urban Gardening and Land Use Corporation in abandoned and unkempt yards in Flint, Michigan?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLOCK GARDENS" + ], + "context": [ + "Barker points to a project in Flint, Michigan, where the Flint Urban Gardening and Land Use Corporation transformed abandoned and unkempt yards into block gardens." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Where did the high-end restaurants, where sales of lamb from Lava Lake Land and Livestock increased, located?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUN VALLEY" + ], + "context": [ + "It was Nabhan who had brought in a speaker from an Idaho conservation group, Lava Lake Land and Livestock, to meet with Diablo Trust; he told them that as sales of their lamb to high-end restaurants in Sun Valley increased, so did awareness and appreciation of their conservation work." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the authors of the book titled \"Husbandry and Medical Management of Ostriches, Emus, and Rheas\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STANLEY T. WEINER" + ], + "context": [ + "Johnson, Jim, James Harvey Johnson, and Stanley T. Weiner, Husbandry and Medical Management of Ostriches, Emus, and Rheas (College Station, Tx: Wildlife and Exotic Animal Consultants, 1992)." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the cost per pound of the Feeder lamb that weighs 70 lbs. and totals $54.60?", + "golden_answers": [ + "$0.78" + ], + "context": [ + "Expenses Feeder lamb 70 lbs. \u00d7 $0.78 | $54.60" + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe food that is produced regionally and supports sustainability and food security, as opposed to being mass-produced through centralized methods?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Advocates of local food decry the centralized, mass production of food, based on the availability of cheap fuel, in favor of regional, smaller-scale food production that contributes to local sustainability and food security." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What has become scarce for farmers starting out due to declining support from agricultural county agents?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOURCES OF ADVICE" + ], + "context": [ + "Sources of advice for farmers starting out have about dried up, with agricultural county agents admitting that they have time to service only full-time farmers\u2014a group whose numbers are declining." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key aspect of food connects it to everything we care about, such as health, community, and empowerment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NOURISHMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Food, it appears, in the hands of people who are trying to make the world a better place, is never just food. It is hitched to everything else we care about: nourishment, health, skills, jobs, leadership, nature, community, economy, and, yes, even second chances, redemption, and empowerment." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which type of animal crew do they work with after mastering the basics, alongside cattle and broilers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SWINE" + ], + "context": [ + "After mastering the basics, they move up to working on different animal crews: swine, cattle, and more recently, because they're easy to get into, a few hundred broilers." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the specific cuts of meat that you can obtain when buying an entire animal?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STEAK" + ], + "context": [ + "Buying the whole animal means, in effect, that every part of the animal, chuck roast or steak, costs the same." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a critical factor that determines the success of a nonprofit food project?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY SUPPORT" + ], + "context": [ + "While it may be obvious that a nonprofit food project has different qualities from those of a for-profit one, one not-so-obvious factor is that the success of a nonprofit is directly proportionate to community support and feelings of ownership." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What was bulldozed when the city started its redevelopment plan in 1986?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "But when the city began implementing its plan for redevelopment in 1986, bulldozing a community garden and building an affordable housing project on the site, the community gardeners woke up." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the components accounted for in the net income calculation for selling cornmeal per acre?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LABOR" + ], + "context": [ + "Selling it as cornmeal will produce a net income of about $3,625 per acre\u2014including payment for labor and management." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What nonprofit organization, founded in 1999, is focused on restoring nutrient-dense foods to the human diet through education, research, and activism?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WESTON A. PRICE FOUNDATION" + ], + "context": [ + "This is certainly not a vision of no coffee or chocolate or ice cream, heaven forbid, but it is a vision for shifting the preponderance of our diet from cheap, sugary, fatty foods to healthy, fresh, nutrient-dense foods.", + "Founded in 1999, the nonprofit Weston A. Price Foundation is dedicated to restoring nutrient-dense foods to the human diet through education, research, and activism." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What less traditional grain mentioned in discussions about market potential and on-farm use can also be grown alongside other crops to improve agricultural practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BARLEY" + ], + "context": [ + "As well, small grains like rye, wheat, and oats can be planted in strips to slow wind erosion, conserve moisture, and provide a suitable microclimate for vegetables that need more wind protection, such as onions and early-planted cole crops.", + "Less traditional grains such as barley, oats, and sunflowers may have market potential, but should be considered mostly for on-farm use." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What issue do many of the clients face while they are learning to grow food and improve their nutrition literacy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOMELESSNESS" + ], + "context": [ + "Those recovering from addiction, homelessness, and other issues, teaches clients how to grow food and improves nutrition literacy while fostering a strong connection to their recovery goals.", + "homelessness, , \u201388" + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the process called that allows soil to absorb water in small spaces, similar to how a paper towel soaks up liquid?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAPILLARY ACTION" + ], + "context": [ + "Like livestock, your soil needs food, water, and air to reproduce and function.", + "Small spaces allow for capillary action by the soil, similar to a paper towel soaking up water." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What are some of the potential sales locations for your product besides farmers' markets and grocery stores?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ROADSIDE STANDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Start researching, start plotting a business plan, start visiting farmers' markets and talking to fellow farmers.", + "At farmers' markets? In grocery stores? At nearby roadside stands? Is your product different\u2014perhaps of more quality, all natural, or an heirloom variety? If so, price it accordingly." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of animals did Grant decide to raise after consulting her neighbors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MINIATURE GOATS" + ], + "context": [ + "Say you are selling fresh brown eggs to neighbors, market customers, and a local restaurant.", + "Still, Grant did the most important thing of all: when she decided to raise a couple of miniature goats, she asked her neighbors if they might have objections." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to refer to the distribution of gleaned food by The Society of St. Andrew?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DELIVERIES" + ], + "context": [ + "The Society of St. Andrew is now the nation's largest gleaner of fresh produce, with offices in 20 states, donors in 32 states, and deliveries of gleaned food in all 'lower 48' states plus the District of Columbia.", + "deliveries. _See_ distribution" + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of bees were taken from Africa to Brazil in 1957 for an experimental breeding program?", + "golden_answers": [ + "QUEEN BEES" + ], + "context": [ + "The honey bee's origins are thought to be the Near East, from where it spread naturally into Africa, Europe, and Asia.", + "In 1957, a number of queen bees were taken from Africa to Brazil to be used in an experimental breeding program." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What kind of systems is Seeds of Solidarity planning to install along with their solar electric systems?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HOT-WATER SYSTEMS" + ], + "context": [ + "Although life on the farm is much easier than it was in the past\u2014due to the advent of electricity, county water, and the automobile\u2014a farm is still a rural environment.", + "Seeds of Solidarity operates with three solar electric systems: one for their house and the greenhouse water irrigation system; another for the apprentice housing building; and a third for the battery bank in their SOL Patrol van.", + "Some of their next steps include building a water cistern and installing solar electric and hot-water systems." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What does Charlie Jackson describe as an essential element of the distributor's business model in relation to the county school system's local food program?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CORE ASPECT" + ], + "context": [ + "This, he hopes, may be a possible future for our local food system: Instead of 100,000 Polyfaces scattered around Virginia, there could be five hundred food clusters.", + "The food system is incredibly complex, says Charlie Jackson.", + "Today, the county school system's local food program is such a success, says ASAP director Charlie Jackson, that providing local food is a core aspect of the distributor's business model." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What essential resource is needed to begin farming, whether by acquiring it or renting it?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LAND" + ], + "context": [ + "Eason's husband, along with their two sons and their sons' wives, all work side by side as part of the farm's dozen or so staff.", + "Acquiring the land, building fences, hiring staff \u2013 it all takes time.", + "There are lots of ways to start\u2014if you don't have any land, rent some." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the surprising benefits or outcomes that arise from urban gardening, as highlighted by McCrate and Halm's approach to their work?", + "golden_answers": [ + "UNEXPECTED HARVEST" + ], + "context": [ + "McCrate and Halm thought they had an answer. Perhaps people could have their carrots and eat them, too, alongside their fast-paced lifestyles, if someone else designed, installed, and even maintained the garden for them.", + "Also, given McCrate's description of his company's work, another departure from the mind-set of the classic rural farmer \u2013 'leave me alone so I can farm' \u2013 is that the urban farmer needs to be entrepreneurial and enjoy constantly meeting and working with new people.", + "its entrepreneurial and innovative spirit enabled it to embrace the unexpected harvest from its gardens." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What impact could embracing sustainable practices, such as raising backyard chickens, have on our societal values and agricultural systems, potentially leading to a movement that could rewrite human history?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REWRITE HUMAN HISTORY" + ], + "context": [ + "Throughout the United States are changing their laws to permit backyard chickens \u2013 specifically hens, not roosters.", + "Hens sometimes cluck when they lay an egg. At night they move inside the coop and perch in complete silence until morning.", + "The ensuing silence was palpable\u2014a collective introspection about their role in this grand cosmic play, one that could rewrite human history." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the large display space that highlights various local products under the 'Food We Love' umbrella brand?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SHOWROOM" + ], + "context": [ + "doesn't take the place of specific product branding but serves as an umbrella brand under which a variety of local products are sold.", + "To give its clients a leg up in marketing, ACEnet has created an umbrella brand, 'Food We Love.'", + "It would provide the marketing with a large showroom of different local products." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What natural feature can be used as a windbreak to create microclimates and help conserve water on your land?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TREES" + ], + "context": [ + "Saving every drop of water that falls on your land involves using tillage methods like fall-sown cover crops, windbreaks to slow moisture depletion, and terraces and dense wind-breaks to distribute water and snow.", + "as windbreak, , __", + "Microclimates can be created through the use of trees or other windbreaks, from natural depressions or rises in the land, or from man-made weather breaks, such as buildings." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What can be utilized to gain valuable knowledge and support in beekeeping beyond personal experience?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITY RESOURCES" + ], + "context": [ + "Ultimately, successful beekeeping intertwines technical knowledge, practical experience, community involvement, and environmental stewardship.", + "In summary, knowledge and practical experience are key factors in becoming a successful beekeeper.", + "Community resources, such as local beekeeping associations, can provide valuable knowledge and support." + ], + "nary": 4, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one indirect cost that results from health issues related to environmental factors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DAYS LOST ON THE JOB DUE TO ILLNESS" + ], + "context": [ + "Instead, these costs are paid indirectly by each of us, through increasing health-care costs, days lost on the job due to illness, state and federal cleanup of our waterways, and taxpayer-funded cost-share programs to encourage farmers to adopt more sustainable practices." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What kind of products does the local baker provide in addition to desserts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BREADS" + ], + "context": [ + "A local baker has joined the operation and provides fresh healthy breads, rolls, and special desserts, as well as baking classes." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What structures do the students learn to build for raising chickens?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PENS" + ], + "context": [ + "By the time they leave us, says Sheri Salatin, they know how to raise them from day-old chicks, build the pens, put them on pasture, and market the product." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What data should you monitor to assess the productivity of your crops on the farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CROP YIELDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Keep track of expenditures, livestock breeding schedules, crop yields, weather, and other markers you can use to improve your farm and choose future enterprises." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the seasonal activities celebrated during the festivals mentioned?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLANTING POTATOES" + ], + "context": [ + "There are seasonal festivals, such as planting and harvesting potatoes and harvesting pumpkins, with square dances and potluck dinners." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the author known for his work on the psychology of morality and social relationships, who also emphasizes the importance of supportive personal networks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JONATHAN HAIDT" + ], + "context": [ + "The best behind-the-scenes cheerleaders were my family." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key benefits that new farmers contribute to local communities by growing for local markets?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RELATIONSHIPS" + ], + "context": [ + "And more, new farmers growing for local markets will help grow local economies, will introduce fresh foods into community schools and institutions, and will create relationships that sustain community land and spirit." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key element of farming that requires your labor and machinery requirements to match in order to accomplish things on time?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TASKS" + ], + "context": [ + "Accomplishing tasks on time is an important principle of farming that requires your labor and machinery requirements to match." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What significant economic challenges did farmers face during the 1980s that were comparable to the drought years of 1953 and 1954?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RURAL CRISES OF THE 1980S" + ], + "context": [ + "The wrong year to start or expand caused great financial stress to farmers in the drought years of 1953 and 1954, and during the rural crises of the 1980s, for example." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key factor is mentioned as part of a broader tool for transformation that includes land, housing, and economics?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TRANSPORTATION" + ], + "context": [ + "It deals with land, housing, transportation, economics, everything. For us, it's really a tool for transformation.'" + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key aspects discussed in the document regarding starting a beekeeping operation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EQUIPMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The document details the necessary equipment and considerations for starting a beekeeping operation, focusing on hive configurations, sizes, and other essential tools." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What types of crops are primarily plowed under to build organic matter and put nitrogen back into the soil?", + "golden_answers": [ + "IMMATURE FORAGE CROPS" + ], + "context": [ + "The biggest one is building and maintaining organic matter and putting nitrogen back in your soil by plowing under immature forage crops, primarily legumes." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of flowers are mentioned as part of the decorations in the garden shed?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GERANIUMS" + ], + "context": [ + "A quaint garden shed and covered stage, painted a bright robin's egg blue, are decorated with pots of brilliant petunias and geraniums, creating a gathering space with brickred picnic tables." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What does this book provide to help individuals at any farming stage be profitable?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIDANCE" + ], + "context": [ + "Written for people who want to be profitable regardless of their farm status, novice or veteran, full-time or part-time, this book is your guide from the earliest stages of farming." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to structures used in livestock handling that facilitate the safe capture and transport of animals, similar to how loading chutes ease the transfer task?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CATCH CRATES" + ], + "context": [ + "Loading chutes greatly ease the task of transferring livestock." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What natural resource is affected by pollutants and contributes to environmental damage, as mentioned alongside groundwater and soil issues?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STREAMS" + ], + "context": [ + "polluted groundwater and streams, damaged soils, loss of valuable topsoil, and higher rates of cancers among people exposed to pesticides." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key factor that helps minimize machinery costs while maximizing profits in agricultural production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EFFICIENCY" + ], + "context": [ + "Machinery cost is a fixed cost of production, and according to Used Farm Equipment, Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Services at Cornell University, its cost makes it important to 'minimize machinery costs for a level of productivity and efficiency that will maximize profits.'", + "Efficiency" + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which of the following plants is considered a low user of nitrogen: potatoes, peas, or strawberries?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PEAS" + ], + "context": [ + "Rupp Seed is based in Wauseon, Ohio, specializing in vegetables, pumpkins, and watermelons.", + "In general, potatoes, sweet corn, broccoli, and strawberries are big feeders of nitrogen, while beans, peas, pumpkins, and lettuce are low users of nitrogen." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What organization began to explore the idea of creating a local brand to assure quality through annual certification?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ASAP" + ], + "context": [ + "In concert with brokering these relationships, ASAP began to explore the idea of creating a local 'brand' that would assure quality through annual certification.", + "Jones Valley Urban Farm, Education/ASAP, ." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of payment does the new farmer receive for his services and to support his business?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LUMP-SUM PAYMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "The new farmer wins because he has a guaranteed lump-sum payment to support his new business and because he is able to sell his milk to Polyface customers.", + "The new farmer moves the Polyface cows every day, in exchange for one lump-sum payment for his service." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of lean meat, known for being high in protein, is gaining acceptance in the meat market along with elk and deer?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BISON" + ], + "context": [ + "Elk, deer, and bison. These are gaining acceptance in the meat market for being low in fat and high in protein.", + "Bison" + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is a term that describes the support or guidance that people have historically received from the government, which is no longer available?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FREE ADVICE" + ], + "context": [ + "You can control costs and increase output for increased gross income, but you have no control over the government and politicians and the laws they might pass that will affect your bottom line.", + "People have been spoiled for more than a century, recipients of free advice from the government, but that advice is gone now and won't be coming back." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of animals are used in breeding, racing, and demonstrations during events like Plow Days, particularly in the context of rural heritage focusing on farming and logging?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DRAFT ANIMALS" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider breeding, racing, draft animal schools, Plow Days (a field day of draft-animal demonstrations to gather customers).", + "Rural heritage focuses on farming and logging with draft animals; bimonthly." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What key factors should be considered when evaluating different enterprise choices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES" + ], + "context": [ + "Then we help you refine your goals, following that up with a discussion of marketing, enterprise choices, machinery, and management.", + "I want to cover a few enterprise choices, along with some of their advantages and disadvantages and their potential markets." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of farm does Hubbard believe can be operated at a relatively low cost, excluding significant start-up expenses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COLLEGE FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider legal requirements, equipment and labor, transportation, facilities, and start-up costs to acquire seed and livestock.", + "Remember to add to your start-up costs fees for permits and money for equipment to satisfy regulations.", + "Not including the start-up costs, which are significant, Hubbard thinks a college farm can be run at a fairly low cost." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the Northeast regional operations director for Chipotle mentioned in the text?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHIL PETRILLI" + ], + "context": [ + "By the time they leave us, says Sheri Salatin, they know how to raise them from day-old chicks, build the pens, put them on pasture, and market the product.", + "Representatives: Joel Salatin, Sheri Salatin, Phil Petrilli (of Chipotle, Inc.)", + "Phil Petrilli, Northeast regional operations director for Chipotle, says that working with lots of different farmers takes a great deal of time, and it's not a worthwhile investment." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of bee structure is referred to as an established community that has been previously set up and includes a queen, worker bees, and brood?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COLONY" + ], + "context": [ + "A package of bees, a nucleus hive, an established colony, a swarm, a wild colony.", + "Start with a package of bees or with a nucleus hive (a nuc) rather than with an established colony.", + "Bees or with a nucleus hive (a nuc) rather than with an established colony. Once past the initial awe and apprehension, the novice can easily handle and install a package or a nuc." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to describe the additional compensation received for guaranteed gross revenue or yield per acre in agricultural agreements?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PREMIUM" + ], + "context": [ + "I have sheep, hogs, and poultry for livestock, raise open-pollinated corn, and grow a market garden.", + "The Warren Wilson farm grosses about $200,000 a year on 275 working acres from sales of its broilers, beef cows, and hogs, which covers all operating expenses and a portion of student and management labor.", + "If things go awry, you are guaranteed a certain gross revenue per acre or a certain yield (bushels per acre), all for a 20 percent higher premium." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What agricultural practice involves methods such as intensive grazing and raising livestock like Dexter cattle and Miniature Herefords, often debated for its ability to feed the world?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ORGANIC FARMING" + ], + "context": [ + "But you might be able to sell that customer 3 pounds of artichokes, 10 pounds of tomatoes, a 6-pound roast from your Dexter cattle, two dozen eggs, and 5 pounds of apples.", + "Consider small breeds such as Dexter cattle and Miniature Herefords, less common breeds such as Murray Grey and Belted Galloways, intensive grazing, raising organically or naturally, selling beef halves or quarters.", + "He dismisses the claim that 'we can't feed the world on organic,' saying nobody knows if it's true or not." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the Eastern honey bee species primarily found in Southeast Asia?", + "golden_answers": [ + "APIS CERANA" + ], + "context": [ + "The other species of honey bee are found primarily in Southeast Asia and include _Apis cerana_ , the Eastern honey bee; _Apis dorsata_ , the giant honey bee; _Apisflorea_ , the little honey bee; and at least two more recently acknowledged species, _Apis koschevnikovi_ and _Apis andreniformis.", + "_Apis cerana_ , ,", + "**Apis cerana** , ," + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of livestock might one consider as a high-priced investment that doesn't guarantee farm profitability?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SHOW LIVESTOCK" + ], + "context": [ + "Polyface pays for all the infrastructure \u2013 the watering system, electric fence, tractor, and four-wheeler.", + "Within six years the new farmer will fully own his own equipment, tools, infrastructure \u2013 everything.", + "Fancy equipment or high-priced show livestock does not necessarily make your farm profitable." + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of institutions, alongside hospitals and retirement homes, are often overlooked when discussing providers of healthy food?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SCHOOLS" + ], + "context": [ + "Most people, ironically, do not think of the places that care for our sick, elderly, and children \u2013 hospitals, senior centers, and schools \u2013 when they think of good, healthy food.", + "And connected to these companies is an intricate network of distributors who aggregate food shipments to supply hospitals, schools, retirement homes, restaurants, and grocery stores.", + "schools, \u201370" + ], + "nary": 5, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key stakeholder is suggested to be involved in the partnership dialogue for developing an effective regional plan according to the Diablo Canyon RPA model?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION" + ], + "context": [ + "To develop an effective regional plan, the Diablo Canyon RPA model suggests it is essential to create a partnership dialogue that brings together agricultural property owners, county government, and the local economic development commission." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What do you gain by understanding the best practices for applying nitrogen to corn crops?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KNOWLEDGE" + ], + "context": [ + "Maybe you have discovered through the reading of research papers that side-dressing corn at 12 to 18 inches tall with nitrogen is more efficient, costs less, and is better for plant growth than applying nitrogen at planting time, which risks loosing the nitrogen through leaching before the corn plant is big enough to use it." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What role do individuals or companies involved in preparing food for sale play in contributing to food waste?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROCESSORS" + ], + "context": [ + "A second contributor to this wastage, it suggests, is the increasing number of people who handle food along the way \u2013 transporters, processors, wholesalers, retailers, chefs, and consumers themselves \u2013 each contributing another piece to the waste stream." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What natural features contribute to the year-round springs in Pasture Canyon?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAVES" + ], + "context": [ + "Rose Marie Williams (at right) visits with her aunt, Tsosie Hyden, in Pasture Canyon, an oasis-like wash several miles outside of Tuba City, where year-round springs flow from caves." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which buying club is interested in purchasing ribs, bacon, and sausage?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POLYFACE BUYING CLUB" + ], + "context": [ + "The Polyface buying club wanted ribs, bacon, and sausage, while white-tablecloth restaurants would take as much loin as he had to give, and he could sell the hams and shoulders to Chipotle." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What factor is critically important in assessing the future success of a farm in traditional agriculture?", + "golden_answers": [ + "START-UP TIME" + ], + "context": [ + "Start-up time is extremely important. In traditional agriculture, you can look at data from the starting year forward and determine whether the farm will make it, depending on how many good years of livestock and crop prices followed the start-up year, and the debt involved." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What initiative does ASD support to enhance the sustainability and availability of food within the community?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "As part of its mission to facilitate the development of a robust local food system, ASD promotes the growth of organic and sustainable farmers through education and training, market development for local food, and distribution services." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term encompasses birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, guineas, geese, and peafowl?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POULTRY" + ], + "context": [ + "Poultry. Poultry includes chickens, turkeys, ducks, guineas, geese, and peafowl." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is essential for the survival of bees inside the hive during winter?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OXYGEN" + ], + "context": [ + "As has been discussed, during winter, life in the hive continues." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who stands to benefit from having a way to know they are buying something truly local in this scenario?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PUBLIC" + ], + "context": [ + "This would be a win-win-win: retailers would be assured of consistently high quality, farmers would gain access to new markets, and the public would have a way of knowing it was buying something truly local." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What does Baker mention about the individuals who have experienced health improvements from gardening?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PEOPLE" + ], + "context": [ + "Baker also tells me of people who have lost weight and lowered their blood pressure because of working in the garden." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one factor contributing to higher expenses in the distribution of food that also affects packaging and transportation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REFRIGERATION COSTS" + ], + "context": [ + "ics of obesity and diabetes; higher costs for packaging, refrigeration, and transportation; and the loss of seeds and breeds that sustained us for hundreds (if not thousands) of years." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What metropolitan region does The Food Project operate in?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS" + ], + "context": [ + "The Food Project works in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan region, providing internships and jobs to teens who work together on rural farms and inner-city community gardens." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What groups or communities are often affected by diseases, predators, and various disasters?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COLONIES" + ], + "context": [ + "In practical terms, this doesn't happen. Colonies die as a result of disease, fire, predators, and other natural and unnatural disasters." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of negative behavior was prevalent in the North Portland St. Johns Woods public housing community before the community garden was established?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VANDALISM" + ], + "context": [ + "Before the first community garden was dug, gangs, vandalism, drug trafficking, crime, and hunger characterized the North Portland St. Johns Woods public housing community." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "In which region did Dr. C. J. Willard observe the nitrogen content in sweet clover during his studies?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MIDWEST" + ], + "context": [ + "Dr. C. J. Willard, an Ohio expert on legumes, noted that sweet clover in the Midwest cut the final week of April contained 124 pounds of nitrogen, while that turned under the last week in May contained 160 pounds." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What demographic does the Food Works program specifically target?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TEEN YOUTH" + ], + "context": [ + "One of Janus Youth's most preeminent projects is its urban agriculture program, which it offers because it believes that gardens have proved an effective tool in addressing key community issues such as hunger and food insecurity, community revitalization, environmental stewardship, and economic development.", + "Dennis Morrow says they began Food Works, a program for teen youth, at a time when Oregon had the highest food insecurity in the nation." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What city is home to Growing Power and its network of farms and regional training centers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MILWAUKEE" + ], + "context": [ + "And connected to these companies is an intricate network of distributors who aggregate food shipments to supply hospitals, schools, retirement homes, restaurants, and grocery stores.", + "Growing Power includes 12 working farms, both within and outside the Milwaukee city limits; a retail store; a CSA market-basket program that delivers to restaurants, schools, and institutions; and 12 regional training centers across the country." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What area does the Food Project aim to impact with its five-year goals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEM" + ], + "context": [ + "But the Food Project is hardly content to sit on its laurels. Its staff have set five-year goals to double the project's impact on the regional food system.", + "Its staff have set five-year goals to double the project's impact on the regional food system." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What condition can negatively affect tomato plants, causing their leaves to yellow and fall off, ultimately leading to reduced production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TOMATO BLIGHT" + ], + "context": [ + "Thirty days before the frost-free date (usually in April), start crops that require extra germination time (peppers, tomatoes, gourds, melons) under fluorescent lighting in a warm building.", + "Tomato blight, for instance, can attack tomatoes if the weather is hot and humid, causing leaves to yellow and fall off, reducing the plant to survival mode or death\u2014and this leads to a decrease in production." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the unique mustard recipe that people have heard about but may not have tried yet?", + "golden_answers": [ + "AUNT SALLY'S SPECIAL MUSTARD RECIPE" + ], + "context": [ + "CSAs, metropolitan buying clubs, farmers' markets, and stocking local food in local markets and grocery stores, restaurants, and other venues.", + "These booths are a good way to tap into local markets, appealing both to brand-new customers and to people who have already heard about your Aunt Sally's Special Mustard Recipe but have never tried it." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What health condition is linked to obesity and is affected by higher costs in packaging, refrigeration, and transportation in the food industry?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DIABETES" + ], + "context": [ + "ics of obesity and diabetes; higher costs for packaging, refrigeration, and transportation; and the loss of seeds and breeds that sustained us for hundreds (if not thousands) of years.", + "diabetes, , , , \u201376," + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What opportunity did immigrants have to reconnect with their cultural practices through grassroots projects?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GROWING FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Small grassroots projects begin to use food to help specific populations \u2013 shelters, food pantries, youth, seniors, and immigrants.", + "The beauty of it, Morrow says, is that the immigrants now had an opportunity to replicate what they knew from their homeland: growing food." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What crop at the University of Nebraska's Mead Research Station saw an 18 percent increase in yield due to permanent windbreaks?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOYBEAN" + ], + "context": [ + "Permanent windbreaks on 40-acre fields at the University of Nebraska's Mead Research Station increased soybean yields by 18 percent, corn yields by 20 percent, and wheat yields by 22 percent.", + "Permanent windbreaks on 40-acre fields at the University of Nebraska's Mead Research Station increased soybean yields by 18 percent, corn." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What do youth teams refer to when they develop skits to effectively demonstrate and practice important behaviors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GUIDELINES" + ], + "context": [ + "Backyard chickens have catalyzed jokes, heated arguments, and citizen campaigns, as well as concerns for social justice, public health, and sustainability.", + "To provide relief from the challenging, hard, sweaty work, time is carved out for games, skits, jokes, overnight camping, and at the end of the summer a celebratory feast.", + "Youth teams use skits to learn how to put these behaviors into action." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "In which year did the farmer trade in her broilers for pigs, as mentioned by Salatin?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THIRD YEAR" + ], + "context": [ + "The face of local food is most commonly portrayed by bucolic images: the farm landscape with barns and sheds; the pumpkins, apples, chickens, and cows.", + "When the apprentices leave, she says, they know how to do _everything_ \u2013 write a business plan; raise broilers, cows, pigs; and manage the farm.", + "In her third year, Salatin says, this farmer traded in her broilers for pigs." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of livestock, along with chickens, requires fresh grass for healthy processing and management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CATTLE" + ], + "context": [ + "Processing of poultry\u2014chickens, turkeys, ducks, emus\u2014as well as game birds and rabbits, can be done at home.", + "Also, just as with chickens and cattle, fresh grass is important.", + "Cattle" + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What group of individuals is essential for supporting the transformation of kids' relationships with fresh fruits and vegetables, alongside teachers and parents?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ADMINISTRATORS" + ], + "context": [ + "The Farm to School movement is making headway in all 50 states, thanks to the enthusiasm and creativity of parents, teachers, school nutrition directors, school chefs, and farmers.", + "When Growing Gardens begins working with a school, it seeks to form a committee that will include at least the principal and a few teachers and parents.", + "begins with one passionate individual can eventually, having gained the support of administrators, school chefs, teachers, and parents, transform kids' relationship with fresh fruits and vegetables." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the program that aims to connect children with fresh, healthy foods in schools and is led by Growing Minds in the Southeastern region?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARM TO SCHOOL PROGRAM" + ], + "context": [ + "Based in Asheville, North Carolina, Growing Minds is helping schools throughout the region connect children to fresh, healthy foods through the development of food-based curricula, farm field trips, school gardens, and local sources for cafeteria food.", + "Its most ambitious program in this vein, however, may be Growing Minds, a Farm to School program that works throughout the region and is also the Southeastern regional lead agency for the National Farm to School Network.", + "Education alone does not work, as echoed by the national Farm to School program." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What factor significantly increases the sales potential of ratite products in advertising?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLACEMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Ratites are used for meat, emu oil products, carved eggs, 'leather' (from the legs and hides), and feather craft projects.", + "Ratites. The bottom dropped out of the speculation market on ostriches, emus, and rheas a few years ago, but they still have sales potential.", + "Good placement also enhances an ad's sales potential." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the individual mentioned by Baker who has shared experiences of people improving their health by working in the garden?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DAN BARKER" + ], + "context": [ + "Baker also tells me of people who have lost weight and lowered their blood pressure because of working in the garden.", + "who, according to Baker, are 'blown away by the pace and nature of the work.'", + "The contributions of various individuals and organizations form a comprehensive index related to urban and environmental planning." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What health concerns are linked to industrial agriculture and contribute to the rising costs of the food system?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PESTICIDE EXPOSURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Small grassroots projects begin to use food to help specific populations \u2013 shelters, food pantries, youth, seniors, and immigrants.", + "These grassroots projects work on different fronts and in different venues, but all are trying to turn the tide of the obesity epidemic, even as it washes over us and our children.", + "When we include the related costs of environmental degradation, the obesity epidemic, the foodborne illnesses, the cancers and neurodegenerative disorders linked to pesticide exposure, and other by-products of industrial agriculture, the real costs of industrial food soar." + ], + "nary": 6, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plants might you find included alongside fruit trees, shrubs, vines, perennial flowers, and vegetable starts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GRASSES" + ], + "context": [ + "including fruit trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, perennial flowers and hanging baskets, and vegetable starts." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of businesses would be interested in purchasing fresh specialty herbs like lemongrass or value-added products such as soup mixes and essential oils?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPECIALTY RESTAURANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider value-added soup mixes, vinegars, essential oils, and soaps, or sell fresh specialty herbs like lemongrass to specialty restaurants." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of processing equipment is specifically designed for cutting poultry?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POULTRY SHEARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Processing equipment might include fruit and wine presses, grinding mills for grain, poultry shears, knives, food choppers, and sausage stuffers." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What household appliance do they enjoy that is used to keep food and drinks cold?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REFRIGERATOR" + ], + "context": [ + "They enjoy lights, running water (from a well), a refrigerator, computers, power tools, a washing machine, and more." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the home gardens that people are encouraged to rediscover in light of the economic downturn and increased interest in local food?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VICTORY GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "The downturn of the economy and the growing interest in local food, though, might suggest that never has there been a better time to rediscover the home victory garden." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the garden that features a cobbled performance space and is enclosed by a short white picket fence, where small events and weddings can be held?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FREDERICK DOUGLASS PEACE GARDEN" + ], + "context": [ + "The Frederick Douglass Peace Garden is a mix of cobbled performance space and a button oasis of groomed grass and ornamental plantings inside a short, white picket fence, where small events and weddings can be held amid the city bustle." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the program that has become a core aspect of the distributor's business model according to ASAP director Charlie Jackson?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COUNTY SCHOOL SYSTEM'S LOCAL FOOD PROGRAM" + ], + "context": [ + "Today, the county school system's local food program is such a success, says ASAP director Charlie Jackson, that providing local food is a core aspect of the distributor's business model." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of programs does Lynchburg Grows offer to engage students in learning about food and farming?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YOUTH PROGRAMS" + ], + "context": [ + "This is one of Lynchburg Grows' innovative youth programs. They invite schools to bring classes to the farm to learn about where food comes from and healthy eating and to participate in farm chores while learning about the different systems on the farm, such as composting, vermiculture, raised beds, and more." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who are some of the community members involved in incorporating local products into school menus through 'Farm to School'?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Thankfully, kids, parents, food-service staff, teachers, school administrators, farmers, and other community members with a taste for change have been working to incorporate local products into school menus through what is called 'Farm to School.'" + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What was causing tension during the dialogue along with the beeps and static?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNICATIONS WITH WASHINGTON" + ], + "context": [ + "Tension threaded through the dialogue of beeps and static as communications with Washington buzzed in the background." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Which type of poultry mentioned can be raised at home alongside chickens and turkeys?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DUCKS" + ], + "context": [ + "poultry\u2014chickens, turkeys, ducks, emus\u2014as well as game birds and rabbits, can be done at home." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plants should be alternated with low biomass root system crops to improve soil health and promote root biomass?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEGUMES" + ], + "context": [ + "Alternate between plants having a high biomass of roots (legumes such as red clover and orchard grass) with crops with a low biomass root system, like corn and soybeans." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What essential resource do hens require to enjoy the Five Freedoms, alongside shelter, water, and adequate space?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "To enjoy the Five Freedoms, hens need shelter, food, water, adequate space, environmental conditions (such as adequate ventilation and light) conducive to good health, and the opportunity to socialize and engage in fundamental behaviors." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What activity involves taking care of living organisms that help decompose organic matter in a children's gardening program?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TEND WORM BINS" + ], + "context": [ + "Children plant seeds, transplant them, compost, tend worm bins, harvest and prepare vegetables, identify insects, and work as a team." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the key stakeholders that need to be convinced for agriculture to evolve into a more sustainable pattern?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOUR MAJOR GROUPS" + ], + "context": [ + "If we want agriculture to evolve into a more sustainable pattern, the four major groups of importance to agriculture\u2014farmers, lenders, consumers, and institutions\u2014must be convinced at the same time that these changes are beneficial." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of grain, along with heritage wheat, corn, beans, and spelt, was included in the bakery's offerings of beans and grains?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RYE" + ], + "context": [ + "Offering shares of beans and grains, including heritage wheat, corn, beans, spelt, and rye, the bakery created the region's first grain CSA, which grew to 115 shares by 2009 and in 2010 distributed 10,000 pounds of organic local grains." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What agricultural system is associated with high costs due to environmental degradation, health issues, and other negative by-products?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE" + ], + "context": [ + "When we include the related costs of environmental degradation, the obesity epidemic, the foodborne illnesses, the cancers and neurodegenerative disorders linked to pesticide exposure, and other by-products of industrial agriculture, the real costs of industrial food soar.", + "Recently, I decided to write a book about farming, because the information for new farmers and farmers trying to survive in this age of industrial agriculture is not readily available." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What substance found in flowers is measured by its sugar content and volume available per bloom, and varies among different plant species?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NECTAR" + ], + "context": [ + "Inside these historic greenhouses are vegetables, flowers, and herbs growing in neatly maintained raised beds, historic roses climbing higher than could be imagined, and water burbling in newly built aquaculture structures for tilapia and perch.", + "Flowers of different plant species vary widely in the quality of their nectar, as measured by sugar content and by volume available per bloom." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of processing equipment is specifically designed for cutting poultry?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POULTRY SHEARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Processing equipment might include fruit and wine presses, grinding mills for grain, poultry shears, knives, food choppers, and sausage stuffers.", + "Processing equipment for meat animals can be purchased from a variety of sources." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What decorative craft mentioned in the facts is often made using dried flowers and other aromatic plant materials to create a fragrant blend for home decoration?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POTPOURRI" + ], + "context": [ + "They have marketed emu meat sticks ($1.39), emu sausage ($6.00 for 1 pound), and seven kinds of emu oil products, including a pain rub ($7.00 for 4 ounces).", + "Decorative crafts: Christmas or autumn wreaths or swags, dried flower arrangements, cornhusk dolls, painted gourds, gourd birdhouses, painted or carved eggs, scarecrows, feather arrangements, potpourri, herbal gift baskets, pressed flower pictures." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of information can bees communicate to each other that alerts their colony to potential threats?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DANGER WARNINGS" + ], + "context": [ + "The curve reflects a healthy, normal colony with adequate food reserves and with normal forage available.", + "Examples of the information that bees are able to pass through various means include: locations of specific forage, whether it be nectar, pollen, or water; locations of potential new homes for a swarm; danger warnings; and specific needs within and without the hive." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What word describes the feeling conveyed by the dialogue during the communication with Washington?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TENSION" + ], + "context": [ + "Tension threaded through the dialogue of beeps and static as communications with Washington buzzed in the background.", + "Stretch the top barbed wire and staple the wire snugly, but do not drive staples so tight that staples cut into the wire." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the most significant challenges faced by workers like Anthony Woodfork in their efforts to gain work experience?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LONG HOURS OF HARD PHYSICAL WORK" + ], + "context": [ + "Here workers like Anthony Woodfork gain work experience, helping them get past a range of challenges, including unemployment, homelessness, drug abuse, and a criminal record.", + "While there is the obvious challenge of long hours of hard physical work, many challenges have little to do with knowing how to grow crops or raise livestock." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the financial benefit that can be generated from holding special events like bake sales and festivals?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REVENUE" + ], + "context": [ + "Some projects are working through after-school programs, while others are focused on creating curricula for classrooms, and still others are offering field trips to farms and other special events focused on exposing children to local food and agriculture.", + "Holding special events at it\u2014bake sales, festivals, concerts\u2014can be an additional way to draw revenue." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the toxic metal that plants can help reduce over time, but the remediation process is too slow to be practical?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEAD" + ], + "context": [ + "Using the school garden as an educational focus, children can learn everything from math and science to history, politics, art, and music.", + "Learn as much as you can about these bees, their history, and the work that has been done with them since they came to the Western Hemisphere.", + "of research yielded disappointing results: it would take seven to ten years for these plants to reduce the lead by 300 parts per million, not fast enough to be a practical remediation method." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of organizations does the Jones Valley Urban Farm actively pursue partnerships with to enhance its community impact?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "The Jones Valley Urban Farm has transformed over 3 acres of downtown Birmingham, Alabama, into a neighborhood farm that grows organic produce for farmers' markets, restaurants, grocery stores, and a CSA.", + "farmers all over the world. And connected to these companies is an intricate network of distributors who aggregate food shipments to supply hospitals, schools, retirement homes, restaurants, and grocery stores.", + "It actively pursues partnerships with just about everybody possible \u2013 local governments, universities, public health institutions, grocery stores, farms, and other gardening programs." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What has Curtis achieved through his own motivation and an initial idea?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUCCESS" + ], + "context": [ + "To enjoy the Five Freedoms, hens need shelter, food, water, adequate space, environmental conditions (such as adequate ventilation and light) conducive to good health, and the opportunity to socialize and engage in fundamental behaviors.", + "Our main challenges are two \u2013 water and motivation.", + "Curtis started with nothing but an idea and his own motivation, and now is well on his way to success." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the graph that illustrates the activity levels and food availability of a colony?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POPULATION CURVE" + ], + "context": [ + "The curve reflects a healthy, normal colony with adequate food reserves and with normal forage available.", + "A colony can be kept confined in this manner for 2 or 3 days, given food reserves in the hive and if moisture is available.", + "A curve representing the population life of a colony reflects its activity and food availability." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary motivation for transporting livestock to the St. Louis market, especially in challenging conditions like a bad ice storm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PROFITS" + ], + "context": [ + "Since 1984, Gateway Greening has been on a mission to green St. Louis, with an end goal of not only beautifying the city but stabilizing neighborhoods, improving community health, combating homelessness and poverty, and building food security.", + "He loaded his hogs carefully and hauled them 125 miles to the St. Louis market.", + "One day there was a really bad ice storm. He loaded his hogs carefully and hauled them 125 miles to the St. Louis market." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What U.S. state is mentioned in connection with Janus Youth's programs and has a series of negative numbers following it?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OREGON" + ], + "context": [ + "Tension threaded through the dialogue of beeps and static as communications with Washington buzzed in the background.", + "Janus Youth has about 40 programs in 20 locations across both Oregon and Washington.", + "Oregon, \u201316, \u201321, , , , \u201312, \u201315, \u201355, \u201357," + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of device is described as shutting off the flow quickly and cleanly with a minimum of dripping, and is also referred to as a honey gate?", + "golden_answers": [ + "VALVE" + ], + "context": [ + "Some additional equipment is necessary\u2014uncapping knife, capping scratcher, cappings container, strainer, pails, honey gates, bottling tank.", + "Honey gates do this.", + "Valve that shuts off the flow quickly and cleanly with a minimum of dripping. Honey gates do this." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of livestock did the author milk by hand on the nearby farms?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TEN-COW HERD" + ], + "context": [ + "Rotations, according to Nicolas Lampkin in _Organic Farming_, have to maintain soil fertility, organic matter levels, and structure, while ensuring that sufficient nutrients, especially nitrogen, are available and that nutrient losses are minimized.", + "If you sell all your hay and do not feed it to livestock on your farm, you are depleting your soil fertility.", + "I worked on several farms nearby and learned skills as varied as driving a team of mules to harvest a potato crop, raking and baling hay, and milking a ten-cow herd by hand for grade C milk." + ], + "nary": 7, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is a key factor driving the transition to a more sustainable food system that protects our natural resources?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MOTIVATION" + ], + "context": [ + "A complementary motivation is to transition to a food system that is more sustainable environmentally, one that doesn't degrade our soils, water, and air." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What hazardous metal was among the contents of the abandoned open tanks that posed a significant health risk to local children who might swim in them?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEAD" + ], + "context": [ + "A series of open tanks containing lead, cadmium, zinc, and arsenic had been abandoned when the industry left town, and Corboy says the tanks eventually filled with water and offered a tempting place for local children to swim." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one type of craft that you could demonstrate as part of an exhibition in exchange for a booth?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOAPMAKING" + ], + "context": [ + "You might consider offering some kind of exhibition in trade for the booth\u2014cooking, milking a goat, or demonstrating a craft (soapmaking, spinning, felting, for example)." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What expenses does the gross income from the Warren Wilson farm help to cover aside from operating expenses?", + "golden_answers": [ + "STUDENT AND MANAGEMENT LABOR" + ], + "context": [ + "The Warren Wilson farm grosses about $200,000 a year on 275 working acres from sales of its broilers, beef cows, and hogs, which covers all operating expenses and a portion of student and management labor." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What invasive species does Goat Patrol in North Carolina specifically target for eradication alongside honeysuckle, kudzu, and out-of-control privet hedges?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POISON IVY" + ], + "context": [ + "Goat Patrol in North Carolina specifically advertises its goats for eradicating invasive species of poison ivy, honeysuckle, kudzu, and out-of-control privet hedges." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What field of study does the journal article titled \"Effects of Winter Stocker Growth Rate and Finishing System on: III. Tissue Proximate, Fatty Acid, Vitamin and Cholesterol Content\" belong to?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ANIMAL SCIENCE" + ], + "context": [ + "The statistics in this box come from S. K. Duckett, J. P. S. Neel, J. P. Fontenot, and W. M. Clapham, 'Effects of Winter Stocker Growth Rate and Finishing System on: III. Tissue Proximate, Fatty Acid, Vitamin and Cholesterol Content,' _Journal of Animal Science_ 87, no. 9 (2009): 2961\u201370." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are some reasons for restrictions on certain types of urban agriculture in residential areas?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEGAL LIMITS" + ], + "context": [ + "Some are legal (typical limits placed on chickens and farm animals), while others are aesthetic and perceptual (lawns are for growing grass, not food), historical (not many of us know how to grow food anymore), or posed by a harried American lifestyle." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What vitamin is present in goat milk in three times the amount compared to cow milk?", + "golden_answers": [ + "NIACIN" + ], + "context": [ + "Compared with cow milk, goat milk has smaller fat molecules, which makes it easier to digest, and it contains 13 percent more calcium, 25 percent more vitamin B6, 47 percent more vitamin A, 134 percent more potassium, 27 percent more selenium, three times more niacin, and four times more copper." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What category of plants does the book \"A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food\" by Tanya L. K. Denckla include along with vegetables, fruits, and nuts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HERBS" + ], + "context": [ + "A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food, by Tanya L. K. Denckla is an invaluable resource about growing, harvesting, and storing for 765 varieties of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and nuts." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What organization can you reach out to for help with mental health support?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES" + ], + "context": [ + "Or, contact your local senior citizen organizations, Multiple Sclerosis Society chapter, housing authority, mental health services, food bank or food stamp distribution agency, or churches." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the final phase in the life cycle of products where materials are either discarded or recycled?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DISPOSAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Life Cycle cost accounting calculates the true cost of material components of products, their use and ultimate disposal or recycling throughout their lifetime." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of livestock mentioned in the list is known for producing honey?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BEES" + ], + "context": [ + "not only growing vegetables and greens, but also raising fish and a menagerie of goats, chickens, ducks, bees, and turkeys." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of event is mentioned as part of diverse community activities, alongside festivals and conferences?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHURCH GATHERINGS" + ], + "context": [ + "Don't look just at traditional farm and craft shows. Consider everything, from ballooning events to food fairs, from music festivals to church gatherings, from association conferences to Living History events." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "How much land do Steve and his family dedicate to growing sweet sorghum?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOUR OR FIVE ACRES OF SWEET SORGHUM" + ], + "context": [ + "Steve, his wife, and children own 147 acres of land and produce vegetables, herbs, and small fruits on about 7 acres and also produce four or five acres of sweet sorghum." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the energy consumed by all processes involved in the extraction, production, and delivery of construction products, excluding use or disposal?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MANUFACTURING" + ], + "context": [ + "which is the energy consumed by all of the processes involved in extraction, manufacturing and delivery of the products used in the construction of a building, but does not include use or disposal." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of information should you include when maintaining a mailing list for your customers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DEVELOPMENTS ON YOUR FARM" + ], + "context": [ + "Klober also recommends maintaining a mailing list of customers and sending them word of developments on your farm: new produce or livestock, baby animals, start of the season, special opportunities." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of food supply is being increased by the various programs run by Michael Van Ness, Dereck Cunningham, and Scott Lowman to enhance community food security?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL FOOD" + ], + "context": [ + "Its three leaders \u2013 Michael Van Ness, Dereck Cunningham, and Scott Lowman \u2013 believe that the simple act of growing food can build technical and overall life skills, offering people an important path to self-reliance and food security.", + "Each one of these different programs increases the community's food security by increasing the supply of local food." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of the initiative aimed at creating a sustainable food system and inspiring others to make changes?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMMUNITIES" + ], + "context": [ + "A complementary motivation is to transition to a food system that is more sustainable environmentally, one that doesn't degrade our soils, water, and air.", + "It aims to build a sustainable food system, produce healthy food for residents of the city and suburbs, provide youth leadership opportunities, and inspire and support others to create change in their own communities." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the primary focus of Louisiana's agricultural initiatives mentioned in relation to package bees?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE" + ], + "context": [ + "Package bees usually originate in the southern tier of the United States, with most coming from Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and California.", + "Louisiana's efforts focus on sustainable agriculture and food access for communities throughout the region." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What element does Allen believe enhances children's ability to learn, which he has observed through his work with the Great Lakes WATER Institute?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SOIL" + ], + "context": [ + "Allen works with the Great Lakes WATER Institute (GLWI) at the University of Wisconsin in Madison to raise yellow perch, a native Lake Michigan species that's seen a catastrophic decline since the 1980s.", + "Allen has seen the difference that connecting with the soil can make in children's ability to learn." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What crop, which is a big feeder of nitrogen, has a gross income of $1,363.00 per acre and a net profit of $658.00?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SWEET CORN" + ], + "context": [ + "In general, potatoes, sweet corn, broccoli, and strawberries are big feeders of nitrogen, while beans, peas, pumpkins, and lettuce are low users of nitrogen.", + "Sweet corn Gross income/acre (900 dozen) | $1,363.00 Total var. costs | $705.00 Net profit | $658.00 Labor | 71 hours." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who believes that increased competition among vendors leads to better deals and higher quality products?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CUSTOMERS" + ], + "context": [ + "which is the energy consumed by all of the processes involved in extraction, manufacturing and delivery of the products used in the construction of a building, but does not include use or disposal.", + "She suggests that customers believe competition will give them a better deal and that they'll find better quality for less money. So the more vendors and products, the more people come." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What additional financial incentive does the Warren Wilson farm offer to ensure guaranteed revenue or yield per acre in case of unforeseen circumstances?", + "golden_answers": [ + "20 PERCENT HIGHER PREMIUM" + ], + "context": [ + "The Warren Wilson farm grosses about $200,000 a year on 275 working acres from sales of its broilers, beef cows, and hogs, which covers all operating expenses and a portion of student and management labor.", + "If things go awry, you are guaranteed a certain gross revenue per acre or a certain yield (bushels per acre), all for a 20 percent higher premium." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What market is affected by the need to add value through techniques like spinning or weaving to become profitable?", + "golden_answers": [ + "WOOL MARKET" + ], + "context": [ + "You might consider offering some kind of exhibition in trade for the booth\u2014cooking, milking a goat, or demonstrating a craft (soapmaking, spinning, felting, for example).", + "The wool market is not profitable unless you add value through spinning or weaving." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is one essential element that is necessary for the success of a community garden, according to experienced leaders?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TIME" + ], + "context": [ + "I can't help wondering: What if in all communities, large and small, hundreds of thousands of youths \u2013 even millions of youths \u2013 were to experience their first job on a structured farm like the Food Project, learning skills, responsibility, confidence, and leadership, while also learning about sustainable farming, healthy food, and nutrition?", + "She's learned that there's a fine line in taking leadership.", + "A community garden, she says, drawing from her decades of experience, takes time, dedication, and leadership." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What field of study do many individuals pursue after being influenced by youth-focused food projects that emphasize gardens, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES" + ], + "context": [ + "Sustainable agriculture is a site-specific, whole-farm approach to agriculture.", + "So many people and food projects around the nation are focusing on the power of our youth \u2013 teaching, influencing, and inspiring them to understand their world in new ways by learning through gardens, nutrition, and food.", + "Some have gone on to study sustainable agriculture, environmental sciences, and nutrition." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of meat fish is commonly used in recirculating systems within aquaponic systems?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TILAPIA" + ], + "context": [ + "Allen works with the Great Lakes WATER Institute (GLWI) at the University of Wisconsin in Madison to raise yellow perch, a native Lake Michigan species that's seen a catastrophic decline since the 1980s.", + "Here farming is taken to new heights. Literally. Allen's aquaponic system is vertically integrated, consisting of three stages: two levels of plant troughs, typically tomatoes and salad greens, stacked above fish tanks stocked with yellow perch or tilapia.", + "Meat fish such as tilapia are used in recirculating systems." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What happens to bruised or rotten fruits that are not suitable for donation to the food bank?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMPOST" + ], + "context": [ + "Give talks or slide shows about your operation to local business associations, garden societies, 4-H and other children's clubs, churches, and schools\u2014this is an excellent way to get free publicity.", + "Or, contact your local senior citizen organizations, Multiple Sclerosis Society chapter, housing authority, mental health services, food bank or food stamp distribution agency, or churches.", + "Only prime-condition fruits are given to the food bank; bruised or rotten fruits go to compost." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the main places where the crops from both Growing Power and the Jones Valley Urban Farm are sold?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FARMERS' MARKETS" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Power includes 12 working farms, both within and outside the Milwaukee city limits; a retail store; a CSA market-basket program that delivers to restaurants, schools, and institutions; and 12 regional training centers across the country.", + "The Jones Valley Urban Farm has transformed over 3 acres of downtown Birmingham, Alabama, into a neighborhood farm that grows organic produce for farmers' markets, restaurants, grocery stores, and a CSA.", + "He sells most of his crops at farmers' markets." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What did residents in a Portland, Oregon, housing development begin digging up outside their apartment entrances to put more food on their family tables?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LITTLE PLOTS OF LAND" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Gardens' mission is to promote home-scale organic food gardening to improve nutrition, health, and self-reliance while enhancing the quality of life and the environment for individuals and communities in Portland, Oregon.", + "Portland, Oregon, \u201321, , , , \u201355, \u201357,", + "I recall the story of residents in a Portland, Oregon, housing development who began digging up little plots of land outside their apartment entrances, not because they thought it was a cool new fad, but to put more food on their family tables." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term is used to refer to the items involved in the construction of a building that contribute to energy consumption in processes from extraction to delivery?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRODUCTS" + ], + "context": [ + "which is the energy consumed by all of the processes involved in extraction, manufacturing and delivery of the products used in the construction of a building, but does not include use or disposal.", + "Both of these products", + "This leads to conversations \u2013 finding out whether the distributor is already carrying products from local farms and what else it might be willing to carry." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of crops are included in the guide that specifically refers to vegetables that grow underground?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ROOT VEGETABLES" + ], + "context": [ + "A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food, by Tanya L. K. Denckla is an invaluable resource about growing, harvesting, and storing for 765 varieties of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and nuts.", + "not only growing vegetables and greens, but also raising fish and a menagerie of goats, chickens, ducks, bees, and turkeys.", + "Other crops include lettuces and greens, root and other vegetables, herbs, and edible and cut flowers." + ], + "nary": 8, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of pumpkin, known for its small size and unique designs, is included in the list of decorative and edible pumpkins and gourds?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPECIALTY MINIATURE PUMPKINS" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider carved pumpkins, specialty miniature and white pumpkins, painted gourds, pumpkin pie (usually made from butternut squash), specialty gourds such as luffa and dipper gourds." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the designated area assigned to an individual for personal gardening in a community garden?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GARDENER'S PLOT" + ], + "context": [ + "As more people want to garden, and the wait list grows, people begin to question a host of things: Is the assignment method fair or democratic? How is the money managed? Are the rules working? Are shared tools being cared for properly? Is water being conserved? Should people be able to compost or not? What if a gardener isn't taking care of his plot, or worse, what if someone is found taking from another garden?" + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are some examples of local businesses that have declined in popularity over time, particularly in the agricultural sector?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LOCAL FRUIT AND FARM STANDS" + ], + "context": [ + "Local slaughterhouses and butchers, local granaries and mills, local canneries and packing houses, local dairies and creameries, and local fruit and farm stands \u2013 all became faded memories of an earlier time." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the name of the nursery that offers a broad range of plants for sale from early spring through late fall?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GREENSGROW" + ], + "context": [ + "Today Greensgrow offers a broad range of nursery plants that sell from early spring through late fall." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the author of the book \"Making Your Small Farm Profitable\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "JANE GRUSHOW" + ], + "context": [ + "Making Your Small Farm Profitable by Ron Macher discusses various aspects of farm management and profitability." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "Where does Yazzie currently live with his wife and three sons?", + "golden_answers": [ + "TOLANI LAKE" + ], + "context": [ + "Today, living about an hour south in Tolani Lake with his wife and three sons, Yazzie is focusing on helping the community reclaim its farming tradition by gaining rights to use water for crop fields." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the species recommended for expanding habitat for beneficial birds and insects?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BLACK LOCUST" + ], + "context": [ + "Second, expand habitat for beneficial birds and insects with species such as black locust, honey locust, highbush cranberry, mulberry, anise hyssop, and native wildflowers." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the approach or framework that Janus Youth uses to assist runaway homeless youth and teen parents through its residences and shelters?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SERVICE MODEL" + ], + "context": [ + "Morrow believes Janus Youth is probably the largest service agency for runaway homeless youth and teen parents in the Northwest, providing service mostly in residences and shelters." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the essential seasonal tasks commonly performed for hive maintenance in beekeeping?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPRING CHORES" + ], + "context": [ + "There are four essential spring chores: removal of winter insulation, cleaning inside the hive down to the bottom board, reversing hive bodies, and checking the condition of the bees themselves." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What national forest is located to the east of the White Earth Indian Reservation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CHIPPEWA NATIONAL FOREST" + ], + "context": [ + "Located in northern Minnesota, west of the Chippewa National Forest, the WELRP's mission is to facilitate recovery of the original land base of the White Earth Indian Reservation while preserving and restoring traditional practices of sound land stewardship, language fluency, and community development and strengthening spiritual and cultural heritage." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What crop, that is often included by members, is known for its edible pods and is commonly grown in home gardens?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SNAP PEAS" + ], + "context": [ + "Members choose certain crops, such as strawberries, raspberries, cherry tomatoes, snap peas, string beans, kale, herbs, and flowers." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What key element is crucial for supporting the logistics and distribution in the food movement discussed in the book?", + "golden_answers": [ + "INFRASTRUCTURE" + ], + "context": [ + "The book is arranged with various chapters covering essential topics regarding the food movement." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of organic fruit did Porterfield discover there was a market for that he couldn't grow himself?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ORGANIC PINEAPPLES" + ], + "context": [ + "But Porterfield also soon learned there was demand for products he couldn't grow \u2013 organic pineapples, bananas, citrus, avocados, mangoes, ginger, persimmons, dates, nuts." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of educational institutions are increasingly involved in areas such as food planning, food marketing, and food history?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIBERAL ARTS SCHOOLS" + ], + "context": [ + "We have often looked to our land-grant institutions to handle all things agricultural, but today liberal arts schools too are gaining ground in food planning, food marketing, food history and anthropology, food-based business development, plant medicine, edible landscaping, and even food production." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What items did Jonathan Yazzie leave untouched in his father's fields to respect the Navajo tradition?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GEAR" + ], + "context": [ + "Jonathan Yazzie sets up fencing in the arid landscape of his farm. When his father, a well-known medicine man, died a few years earlier, in the Navajo tradition Yazzie rested his father's fields \u2013 literally leaving plants, gear, and tools where they lay \u2013 for two years." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What material can be used for weaving craft projects, especially related to Halloween decorations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CORNHUSK" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider cornstalks and miniature corn for Halloween, chocolate-covered soybeans, organic markets, seed sales, cornhusk- and wheat-weaving craft projects, flours, and breads." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What do ducks help to remove from cows' noses on the farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FLIES" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Power offers the full farm experience, not only growing vegetables and greens, but also raising fish and a menagerie of goats, chickens, ducks, bees, and turkeys.", + "'And ducks brought in 'to pick flies off of the cow's noses' spent too much time in his ponds.'" + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the key factor that influences the control a producer has over their product in smaller stores compared to larger grocery stores?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PRICE" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider: U-picks, farmers' markets, grocery stores, health stores, syrups, dried berries, chocolate-covered berries, jams and jellies, fruit drinks.", + "The reality, he says, is that larger grocery stores will tell you what they're willing to pay for your product, while smaller stores allow you more control of the price." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What sales channel helps cover the transportation costs for the family's apple juice distribution?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUYING CLUB" + ], + "context": [ + "The family raises beef and pork, along with chickens for eggs and meat, and they market their products successfully through on-farm sales, a buying club, and restaurants, including the Chipotle Mexican Grill fast-food chain.", + "We're moving so much apple juice that it pays the gas bill for our Buying Club runs, Salatin says." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which representative from Walking Fish is known to have the name \"Henry\"?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HENRY COPPOLA" + ], + "context": [ + "Representatives: Debbie Callaway, Lyn Chestnut, Henry Coppola, Mark Hooper, Chuck Just, Bill Rice, Paul Russell, Josh Stoll, Amy Tornquist", + "Walking Fish operates out of BEAUFORT, NC 28516 and has multiple representatives." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the length of time that individuals are expected to live, which is currently decreasing for today's children compared to their parents?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LIFE EXPECTANCY" + ], + "context": [ + "Morrow believes Janus Youth is probably the largest service agency for runaway homeless youth and teen parents in the Northwest, providing service mostly in residences and shelters.", + "So the news that today's children face the prospect of a shorter life expectancy and lower quality of health than their parents, due to the long-term health impacts of childhood obesity and diabetes, can be shocking, and it is galvanizing parents, teachers, and health providers into action." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is an example of a value-added product that involves processing livestock into a marketable item instead of selling the animals directly at a sale barn?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FREEZER BEEF" + ], + "context": [ + "Consider carved pumpkins, specialty miniature and white pumpkins, painted gourds, pumpkin pie (usually made from butternut squash), specialty gourds such as luffa and dipper gourds.", + "You add on value to a raw commodity by turning it into a different product for a different market, such as selling painted gourds, or marketing freezer beef or whole hog sausage instead of delivering livestock to the sale barn." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is one of the individuals acknowledged in Ron Macher's book for their good ideas and professionalism related to farm management?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MARIE SALTER" + ], + "context": [ + "Making Your Small Farm Profitable by Ron Macher discusses various aspects of farm management and profitability.", + "I also thank Deborah Burns and Marie Salter of Storey Books, for their good ideas and professionalism." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plants has Greg planted more than 70 of on the Urban Farm?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FRUIT TREES" + ], + "context": [ + "Today Greensgrow offers a broad range of nursery plants that sell from early spring through late fall.", + "Greg has now planted more than 70 fruit trees on the Urban Farm." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plants will Three Sisters Farm be cultivating that grow back year after year and will eventually provide more fruits and berries to their customers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PERENNIAL PLANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Growing Power offers the full farm experience, not only growing vegetables and greens, but also raising fish and a menagerie of goats, chickens, ducks, bees, and turkeys.", + "In turn, consumers can buy two to four times as many calories for their dollar in unhealthy, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor subsidized foods \u2013 chips, sodas, cookies, crackers \u2013 as they can in healthy, nutrient-dense, unsubsidized fruits and vegetables.", + "As their nut and fruit trees and shrubs and perennial plants mature, Three Sisters Farm will offer more fruits and berries to their customers." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are examples of entities that produce useful materials for farm management and profitability?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOOK PUBLISHERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Making Your Small Farm Profitable by Ron Macher discusses various aspects of farm management and profitability.", + "I also thank Deborah Burns and Marie Salter of Storey Books, for their good ideas and professionalism.", + "Look for book publishers (such as Storey Books) that put out useful materials." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term describes the process or movement that encompasses the changes in food production and consumption practices, particularly in urban farming and sustainability initiatives?", + "golden_answers": [ + "FOOD TRANSFORMATION" + ], + "context": [ + "The book is arranged with various chapters covering essential topics regarding the food movement.", + "urban farming, \u2013103", + "The text references several initiatives and concepts aimed at promoting sustainability and community engagement in urban settings." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What term refers to the individuals who are being pressured to rethink the meaning of 'community' in today's society?", + "golden_answers": [ + "LEADERS" + ], + "context": [ + "Like New Orleans, communities of all sizes are turning to food initiatives for neighborhoods, schools, senior centers, atrisk youth \u2013 finding that these programs increase neighborhood aesthetics, reduce crime, build community, combat nature-deficit disorder, and improve public health.", + "Now citizens, neighborhoods, and schools come to the historic mansion and its urban farm to enjoy workshops.", + "Yet the configuration of today's pressures on communities is forcing leaders and citizens alike to rethink what they mean by the word 'community.'" + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "Who were the individuals that responded overwhelmingly positively and engaged in discussions about healthy food choices at home?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARENTS" + ], + "context": [ + "But over the past century, as bureaucratic policies have redistributed land and water, and as young people have left the reservation and Western culture moved in, the once thriving farmlands have dried up, and with them have gone not just age-old agricultural knowledge but an entire cultural tradition.", + "Most young people leaving their family farms are discouraged firsthand from staying on the farm by their own parents, Jackson says.", + "The response from parents was overwhelmingly positive, prompting discussions about healthy food choices at home." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key aspect of their operation faced challenges, particularly regarding the safe transportation of meat?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PARTNERSHIP" + ], + "context": [ + "The family raises beef and pork, along with chickens for eggs and meat, and they market their products successfully through on-farm sales, a buying club, and restaurants, including the Chipotle Mexican Grill fast-food chain.", + "and raise about 200 birds for sale as meat in about 8 weeks.", + "Safe transportation of the meat posed the biggest challenge to the new partnership." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of seafood, offered by the Community Supported Fishery Walking Fish in Beaufort, North Carolina, is included in their diverse array of locally harvested options?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CLAMS" + ], + "context": [ + "Representatives: Debbie Callaway, Lyn Chestnut, Henry Coppola, Mark Hooper, Chuck Just, Bill Rice, Paul Russell, Josh Stoll, Amy Tornquist", + "Walking Fish operates out of BEAUFORT, NC 28516 and has multiple representatives.", + "In Beaufort, North Carolina, a CSF called Walking Fish offers a diverse array of locally harvested seafood, including southern flounder, sea mullet, triggerfish, clams, and shrimp." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of plant with a high biomass of roots is commonly alternated with crops like corn and soybeans in sustainable farming practices?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ORCHARD GRASS" + ], + "context": [ + "Jonathan Yazzie sets up fencing in the arid landscape of his farm. When his father, a well-known medicine man, died a few years earlier, in the Navajo tradition Yazzie rested his father's fields \u2013 literally leaving plants, gear, and tools where they lay \u2013 for two years.", + "Jonathan Yazzie sets up fencing in the arid landscape of his farm. When his father, a well-known medicine man, died a few years earlier, in the Navajo tradition Yazzie rested his father's fields \u2013 literally leaving plants, gear, and tools where they lay \u2013 for two years.", + "Alternate between plants having a high biomass of roots (legumes such as red clover and orchard grass) with crops with a low biomass root system, like corn and soybeans." + ], + "nary": 9, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of hand tool used in farming is specifically designed for distributing seeds or fertilizers evenly over an area?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SPREADERS" + ], + "context": [ + "The first option for farming is hand tools, including hoes, shovels and spades, trowels, transplanters, seeders, drills, rakes, forks, scythes and sickles, shears, calf hooks, field knives, wheel hoes, wheel cultivators and blades, flame weeders, spreaders, wheelbarrows, and wagons." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What concept is linked to aspects of nourishment, health, and community, while also embodying the ideas of redemption and empowerment?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SECOND CHANCES" + ], + "context": [ + "It is hitched to everything else we care about: nourishment, health, skills, jobs, leadership, nature, community, economy, and, yes, even second chances, redemption, and empowerment." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What decorative craft involves colorful designs applied to shells and can be used as seasonal decorations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PAINTED EGGS" + ], + "context": [ + "Decorative crafts: Christmas or autumn wreaths or swags, dried flower arrangements, cornhusk dolls, painted gourds, gourd birdhouses, painted or carved eggs, scarecrows, feather arrangements, potpourri, herbal gift baskets, pressed flower pictures." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of artisanal product can you find on the tour that is often used for knitting and crafts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "YARN" + ], + "context": [ + "The tour features farms with vegetables, meats, trout, cheeses, honey, fresh bread, artisan ice cream, yarn, soap, crafts, and a garden labyrinth." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of wild edible green, often used in various cuisines, is included in the mix of ingredients that can be found in the shares along with acorn flour and mushrooms?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLANTAIN" + ], + "context": [ + "The shares might contain anything from acorn flour to mushrooms, ramps, curly dock, miner's lettuce, watercress, nettle, plantain, nuts, and even wild turkey." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is one of the key resources that must be evaluated for planning a successful farm operation?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CAPITAL" + ], + "context": [ + "Evaluating your resources is essential for planning a successful farm operation." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What local dairy product can you choose to include in a Greensgrow weekly basket?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BUTTER" + ], + "context": [ + "A Greensgrow weekly basket can include an array of local products \u2013 locally produced cheddar, ch\u00e8vre, and mozzarella cheeses; locally raised chicken, lamb, or chorizo sausage; locally produced potato pierogi or seitan; a choice of local yogurt, butter, eggs, or milk; and seasonal items such as bread, cider, honey, beer, or soaps." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What activity related to crop care requires a significant amount of direct labor time according to the estimates provided?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PLANTING" + ], + "context": [ + "These charts give an estimate of time required for all direct labor involved in the normal care of crops and livestock: planting and harvesting, feeding, milking, cleaning stalls and pens, castration, docking, assisting in birth, and normal health care such as shots and vaccinations." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What part of these animals is sold at a premium?", + "golden_answers": [ + "MEAT" + ], + "context": [ + "Their antlers are harvested yearly for velvet or craft projects, their meat is sold at a premium, and their hides are turned into handbags, boots, and wallets." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of items are included in the collection that suggests various ways to prepare and enjoy the goods such as garlic, mushrooms, and herbs?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RECIPES" + ], + "context": [ + "Vegetables/mushrooms/herbs: Garlic braids, mushroom logs, potted plants, dried herbs, pepper wreaths, seed packets and grow-it-yourself kits, recipes with accompanying dried herbs and mushrooms, herbal dips, seasoning mixtures, relishes, mustards, canned vegetables, salsas, popcorn." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of produce does Innisfree include in its CSA program along with vegetables, herbs, flowers, and fruit?", + "golden_answers": [ + "EGGS" + ], + "context": [ + "Innisfree encompasses 550 acres, with about 280 acres of open fields, and supports a CSA program with vegetables, herbs, flowers, eggs, and fruit, as well as a wood shop, a weavery, and a bakery." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What initiative is the Hungry Ghost Bakery leading to support the revival of regional wheat varieties in western Massachusetts?", + "golden_answers": [ + "RESTORATION OF LOCAL GRAINS" + ], + "context": [ + "Similarly, in western Massachusetts the Hungry Ghost Bakery is providing leadership for restoration of local grains through its Wheat Patch Project, in which it is distributing seed to bread lovers who are willing to grow test plots of wheat, with data collection by a local college, to help determine varieties that grow well in the Pioneer Valley." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What is the term used to describe the condition affecting individuals who do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs, despite the global food supply being sufficient?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HUNGER" + ], + "context": [ + "Those who have seriously studied the issue of hunger seem to agree: we do produce more than enough food to feed all the people in the world." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of animal is commonly associated with wildlife management and is often hunted for sport and food?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DEER" + ], + "context": [ + "Worms for fish bait, goldfish and tropical fish for the aquarium trade, fee fishing, food fish, and exotic animals are all related to farming and aquaculture practices." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What are the additional expenses associated with maintaining the tractor over its life expectancy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "REPAIRS" + ], + "context": [ + "In the following example, a tractor costs $13,000 new, with a life expectancy of 6,000 hours and 600 hours annual use on an 80-acre farm." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of fruit-based condiment is often used to enhance grilled meats?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BARBECUE SAUCES" + ], + "context": [ + "Fruits: Jams, jellies, barbecue sauces, vinegars, dried fruits, chocolate-dipped fruits, wines, pies, juices, ice cream, crushed ice drinks." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 1 + }, + { + "question": "What type of processing equipment used for meat animals can be specifically used for cutting poultry?", + "golden_answers": [ + "POULTRY SHEARS" + ], + "context": [ + "Processing equipment for meat animals can be purchased from a variety of sources.", + "Processing equipment might include fruit and wine presses, grinding mills for grain, poultry shears, knives, food choppers, and sausage stuffers." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which company is associated with the publication of this book alongside Storey Publishing, particularly in terms of contributions from editors and designers?", + "golden_answers": [ + "BOSTON ROAD COMMUNICATIONS" + ], + "context": [ + "Acknowledgments", + "This book is published by Storey Publishing and includes contributions from various editors and designers." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of animal may require a permit from the Conservation Department for fee hunting or raising in certain operations?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DEER" + ], + "context": [ + "Activities might include fee hunting or fishing, swimming and boating, a bed-and-breakfast, ice skating, a petting zoo, a restaurant or caf\u00e9, a craft shop or art gallery (featuring works of local/regional artists), and a children's play area.", + "Others require a permit for certain operations, such as a release from the Conservation Department to raise deer or a permit for fee hunting for game birds." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Which city is recognized for being a pioneer in local food and has embraced backyard poultry along with other major cities?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SEATTLE" + ], + "context": [ + "Cities that are saying 'yes' to backyard poultry are of all sizes and shapes, including Boston, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Madison (Wisconsin), Ann Arbor, Fort Collins, South Portland (Maine), Seattle, Portland (Oregon), and Everett (Oregon).", + "Seattle had already earned a reputation for being a pioneer in matters of local food." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What modern technology do they use on their solar-powered farm that allows them to perform various tasks and manage their daily activities?", + "golden_answers": [ + "COMPUTERS" + ], + "context": [ + "involve sacrifice. Their farm is run on solar power, and like most families in the United States, they enjoy lights, running water (from a well), a refrigerator, computers, power tools, a washing machine, and more.", + "They enjoy lights, running water (from a well), a refrigerator, computers, power tools, a washing machine, and more." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What type of traditional food is commonly produced on the farm members' plots?", + "golden_answers": [ + "KNEEL-DOWN BREAD" + ], + "context": [ + "Those who have seriously studied the issue of hunger seem to agree: we do produce more than enough food to feed all the people in the world.", + "Most of the food comes from the farm members' plots, and the focus is on traditional offerings like kneel-down bread." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "Who is the Ohio expert on legumes that studied the nitrogen content of sweet clover in the Midwest?", + "golden_answers": [ + "DR. C. J. WILLARD" + ], + "context": [ + "The best cover crops include clover, berseem, crimson clover, red clover, subterranean clover, sweet clover, white clover, cowpeas, field peas, medic, hairy vetch, and woolly-pod vetch.", + "Dr. C. J. Willard, an Ohio expert on legumes, noted that sweet clover in the Midwest cut the final week of April contained 124 pounds of nitrogen, while that turned under the last week in May contained 160 pounds." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What is the additional premium percentage guaranteed if things go awry in terms of revenue or yield per acre?", + "golden_answers": [ + "20 PERCENT HIGHER PREMIUM" + ], + "context": [ + "Their antlers are harvested yearly for velvet or craft projects, their meat is sold at a premium, and their hides are turned into handbags, boots, and wallets.", + "If things go awry, you are guaranteed a certain gross revenue per acre or a certain yield (bushels per acre), all for a 20 percent higher premium." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 2 + }, + { + "question": "What organization in Massachusetts has focused on raising awareness about the dangers of lead exposure in Boston's Roxbury and Dorchester neighborhoods?", + "golden_answers": [ + "THE FOOD PROJECT" + ], + "context": [ + "Cities that are saying 'yes' to backyard poultry are of all sizes and shapes, including Boston, New York City, Los Angeles...", + "For many years the Orange Line train rumbled through the heart of Boston and Roxbury.", + "The Food Project in Massachusetts has worked to build awareness of the dangers of lead exposure in Boston's Roxbury and Dorchester neighborhoods." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key feature did the Food Works teen farm on Sauvie Island have alongside its well, irrigation, and tractors?", + "golden_answers": [ + "GREENHOUSE" + ], + "context": [ + "Flame weeders, blades, loaders, rakes, balers, mowers\u2014such as brush hogs\u2014sleds, bale carriers, manure spreaders, and trailers are other specialized implements.", + "Too many accidents have happened to children on and near tractors and mowers.", + "Within several years the Food Works teen farm on Sauvie Island had a well, irrigation, a greenhouse, and tractors." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What are some examples of value-added products that can be made from meat?", + "golden_answers": [ + "CUTS OF MEAT" + ], + "context": [ + "Fruits: Jams, jellies, barbecue sauces, vinegars, dried fruits, chocolate-dipped fruits, wines, pies, juices, ice cream, crushed ice drinks.", + "Longevity: Canned fruits and vegetables will easily outlast their fresh counterparts, as do jams, jellies, and dried fruits.", + "Value-added products include jams, cuts of meat, sausage, rubs, shampoos, craft projects, and much more." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is one example of a non-leguminous crop mentioned in the list that includes barley, buckwheat, and rye?", + "golden_answers": [ + "OATS" + ], + "context": [ + "Tall raised beds filled with compost now grow an array of tomatoes, beans, squash, cucumbers, corn, and even grapes, pears, and nectarines.", + "In this simple rotation, peas and beans provide nitrogen for the following year's sweet corn, while the ryegrass protects the soil from erosion and provides green manure.", + "Barley, buckwheat, oats, rye, ryegrass, sorghum, and wheat are examples of non-leguminous crops." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What is the title of the resource provided by the American Beekeeping Federation that includes information about the importance of honeybees in food production?", + "golden_answers": [ + "HONEY BEE FACTS" + ], + "context": [ + "In turn, consumers can buy two to four times as many calories for their dollar in unhealthy, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor subsidized foods \u2013 chips, sodas, cookies, crackers \u2013 as they can in healthy, nutrient-dense, unsubsidized fruits and vegetables.", + "The American Beekeeping Federation says that about one-third of all our food \u2013 most vegetables, fruits, and berries \u2013 is directly or indirectly derived from honeybee pollination.", + "**** Lance Sundberg, American Beekeeping Federation, 'Honey Bee Facts,' http://www.abfnet.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=71." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What benefits do aquaculture practices provide in terms of sustainability and minimal impact on natural resources?", + "golden_answers": [ + "ENVIRONMENT" + ], + "context": [ + "Worms for fish bait, goldfish and tropical fish for the aquarium trade, fee fishing, food fish, and exotic animals are all related to farming and aquaculture practices.", + "If stocked with fish, the pond can add income to your farm through fee fishing.", + "They provide me with steady income, year after year, at little cost to me, my farm, or the environment." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What type of game bird can be raised for breeding, meat, or hunting?", + "golden_answers": [ + "PHEASANTS" + ], + "context": [ + "Cities that are saying 'yes' to backyard poultry are of all sizes and shapes, including Boston, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Madison (Wisconsin), Ann Arbor, Fort Collins, South Portland (Maine), Seattle, Portland (Oregon), and Everett (Oregon).", + "poultry\u2014chickens, turkeys, ducks, emus\u2014as well as game birds and rabbits, can be done at home.", + "Game birds. Pheasants and quail can be raised for breeding, meat, or hunting." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + }, + { + "question": "What key principle should we strive for to ensure that food systems contribute positively to nourishment, health, community, and the economy?", + "golden_answers": [ + "SUSTAINABILITY" + ], + "context": [ + "It is hitched to everything else we care about: nourishment, health, skills, jobs, leadership, nature, community, economy, and, yes, even second chances, redemption, and empowerment.", + "Food, it appears, in the hands of people who are trying to make the world a better place, is never just food. It is hitched to everything else we care about: nourishment, health, skills, jobs, leadership, nature, community, economy, and, yes, even second chances, redemption, and empowerment.", + "Strive for sustainability." + ], + "nary": 10, + "nhop": 3 + } +] \ No newline at end of file