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<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: additive models @xcite provide an important family of models for semiparametric regression or classification . some reasons for the success of additive models are their incre...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the leptonic decays of a charged pseudoscalar meson @xmath7 are processes of the type @xmath8 , where @xmath9 , @xmath10 , or @xmath11 . because no strong interactions are pr...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the transport properties of nonlinear non - equilibrium dynamical systems are far from well - understood@xcite . consider in particular so - called ratchet systems which ar...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: studies of laser beams propagating through turbulent atmospheres are important for many applications such as remote sensing , tracking , and long - distance optical communica...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the so - called `` nucleon spin crisis '' raised by the european muon collaboration ( emc ) measurement in 1988 is one of the most outstanding findings in the field of hadron...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: let @xmath1 . let @xmath2\longrightarrow [ 0,\pi_{p , q}/2]$ ] be the integral @xmath3 where @xmath4 . the @xmath0-_sine functions _ , @xmath5 , $ ] are defined to be the...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the simulations we discuss here allowed us to obtain spectra of the shg response . we employed comsol multiphysics software ( www.comsol.com ) in order to perform simulatio...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: with significant research efforts being directed to the development of neurocomputers based on the functionalities of the brain , a seismic shift is expected in the domain of...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the segmentation process as a whole can be thought of as consisting of two tasks : recognition and delineation . recognition is to determine roughly `` where '' the object ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one surprising result that has come out of the more than 200 extrasolar planet discoveries to date is the wide range of eccentricities observed . unlike our own solar system ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: biological aggregations such as fish schools , bird flocks , bacterial colonies , and insect swarms @xcite have characteristic morphologies governed by the group members inte...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: studies of charm decays are pursued for several different reasons . first of all , there is the possibility of directly observing new physics beyond the standard model ( sm...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: quantum - mechanical fluctuations during an early epoch of inflation provide a plausible mechanism to generate the energy - density perturbations responsible for observed cos...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: formation and bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) of molecules @xcite have recently been achieved based on ultracold atoms with magnetically - tuned feshbach resonances @xci...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the study of supernovae ( sne ) has greatly advanced in the last few years . intensive and highly automated monitoring of nearby galaxies ( e.g. , li et al . 1996 ; treff...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the time varying stern - gerlach , sg , interaction of a relativistic fermion with an e.m . wave has been proposed to separate beams of particles with opposite spin states ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: excitons in semiconductors have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations of bose condensation . low - energy exciton - exciton interactions are ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: inflation generically predicts a primordial spectrum of density perturbations which is almost precisely gaussian @xcite . in recent years the small non - gaussian component...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: for fixed integers @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider the admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square given in @xcite . each admissible sequence ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the lep experiments at the resonance of @xmath1-boson have tested the standard model ( sm ) at quantum level , measuring the @xmath1-decay into fermion pairs with an accuracy...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it is well known that the classical magnetoresistance ( mr ) in metals or semiconductors with a closed free electron fermi surface increases quadratically with increasing mag...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a magnitude limited complete census of variable stars in nearby dwarf galaxies allows important contributions to the star formation history of these systems . measurements of...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in 1957 g.a . askaryan pointed out that ionisation and cavitation along a track of an ionising particle through a liquid leads to hydrodynamic radiation @xcite . in the 1960...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the epoch of reionization signified the appearance of the first stars and galaxies within the first billion years after the big bang , and the transformation of the intergala...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: invariants are a popular concept in object recognition and image retrieval @xcite . they aim to provide descriptions that remain constant under certain geometric or radiom...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it is believed that solar magnetic fields are created in the tachocline , the interface between the convection zone and the radiative interior . due to buoyancy instabilities...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the current observations , such as sneia ( supernovae type ia ) , cmb ( cosmic microwave background ) and large scale structure , converge on the fact that a spatially homoge...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: developments are currently underway to promote the sensitivity of ligo and to improve its prospect for detecting gravitational waves emitted by compact object binaries @xcite...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in quantum information processing , information is stored and processed with a quantum system . a quantum system is always in contact with its surrounding environment , whi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it has become a generally agreed concept that the euv dimming observed during the onset of a _ coronal mass ejection ( cme ) _ manifests the coronal mass loss of the cme , an...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one of the fundamental problems in the classification of complex surfaces is to find a new family of complex surfaces of general type with @xmath0 . in this paper we constr...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: supersymmetry ( susy ) is one of the most attractive extensions of the standard model . this symmetry solves the naturalness problem and predicts gauge coupling unification...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the origin - destination ( od ) matrix is important in transportation analysis . the matrix contains information on the number of travellers that commute or the amount of f...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: high q cavities such as whispering gallery mode ( wgm ) cavities have recently demonstrated quality factors ( @xmath0 ) as high as @xmath3 and have shown the potential to rea...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: to enhance chemical reactivity of cu surfaces with nitrogen oxides ( no@xmath0 ) is an important issue for development of new catalytic materials effective in the no@xmath0 r...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: there are reasons to believe that cosmic rays ( crs ) around the ankle at @xmath0 gev are dominated by extragalactic protons @xcite . scattering processes in the cosmic mi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a multistable system is one that possesses a large number of coexisting attractors for a fixed set of parameters . there is ample evidence for such phenomena in the natural...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in solid - core photonic crystal fibers ( pcf ) the air - silica microstructured cladding ( see fig . [ fig1 ] ) gives rise to a variety of novel phenomena @xcite including...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: among the great variety of the works devoted to random motions at finite speed in the euclidean spaces @xmath8 ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite for the markovian case ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: multiscale dynamics is present in many phenomena , e.g. , turbulence @xcite , finance @xcite , geosciences @xcite , etc , to quote a few . it has been found in many multisc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a fair number of astronomers and astronomy students have a physical challenge . it is our responsibility to learn the basics of accessibility to be able to help our library...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: polluted white dwarfs ( typed with a suffix `` z '' ) provide an opportunity to investigate the ultimate fate of planetary systems . although planets have not yet been dete...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the transformation , upon charge doping , of an antiferromagnetic ( af ) mott insulator into a superconducting ( sc ) metal and the role of af correlations in the appearance ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: massimo capone is thanked for useful discussions . the sezione infn di pavia is acknowledged for granting the computing time necessary to perform dft calculations . this ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the statistical mechanics of pure systems most prominently the topic of phase transitions and their associated surface phenomena has been a subject of fairly intensive res...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: compact symmetric objects ( csos ) are a family of extragalactic radio sources comprising roughly 3% of flux - limited samples selected at high frequencies ( taylor , readhea...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in @xcite the problem of how to give an explicit combinatorial definition of weak higher categories was solved , and the development of a conceptual framework for their furth...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cp violation , initially observed @xcite only in the @xmath7@xmath8 system , is one feature of the standard model ( sm ) that still defies clear theoretical understanding . ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the variability of ex lup was discovered by miss e. janssen in 1944 while examining spectral plates at the harvard observatory ( mclaughlin 1946 ) . herbig ( 1950 ) first p...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the liquid - gas ( lg ) phase transition in nuclear matter remains illusive and a hot research topic despite of the great efforts devoted to understanding its nature and expe...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the study of the phase transition of frustrated spin systems on two - dimensional ( 2d ) lattices is a central problem in modern condensed mater physics . a competition of ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the entanglement entropy , as a tool to detect and classify quantum phase transitions , has been playing an important role in the last fifteen years ( see @xcite and referenc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it has been known for a long time that owing to planar property and mutual focussing , colliding plane waves ( cpw ) result in spacelike singularities [ 1 ] . these singula...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in adaptive control and recursive parameter estimation one often needs to adjust recursively an estimate @xmath0 of a vector @xmath1 , which comprises @xmath2 constant but un...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the construction of background field formalism for n=2 super - yang - mills theory ( sym ) in projective hyperspace ( @xmath0 ) @xcite is an open problem . such a formalism...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the experimental data used in this paper were collected by the forward looking radar of the us army research laboratory @xcite . that radar was built for detection and possi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the @xmath3-transformation has been extensively studied since the seminal paper of rnyi in 1957 . there is a huge amount of literature on the map itself and on the associat...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: although the sunspot number varies periodically with time with an average period of 11 year , the individual cycle period ( length ) and also the strength ( amplitude ) vary ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: reticulation processes refer to the transfer of genetic material between living organisms in a non - reproduction manner . horizontal gene transfer is believed to be a high...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in @xcite a database containing a solution of the 3d incompressible navier - stokes ( ns ) equations is presented . the equations were solved numerically with a standard ps...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in recent years electron transfer ( et ) between molecular adsorbates and semiconductor nanomaterials and surfaces has been subject of much research @xcite . the injection ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: compact x - ray sources exhibit a wide range of temporal variabilities ( from milliseconds to years ) . perhaps none of these is as exotic and diverse as the x - ray tempor...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: galaxy clusters , the largest gravitationally - bound structures in the universe , are ideal cosmological tools . accurate measurements of their masses provide a crucial ob...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we study the problem to find solutions of _ non - homogeneous _ double - confluent heun equations that are monodromy eigenfunctions . our study is motivated by applicatio...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: nuclear fragmentation resulting from heavy ion collsions is a complex phenomenon . the role of equilibration and dynamics has not yet been determined as a plethora of appro...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in the standard model ( sm ) , the only source of cp violation is the kobayashi - maskawa phase @xcite , localized in the unitarity triangle ( ut ) of the cabibbo - kobayashi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the natural shape of an isolated self - gravitating fluid is axially symmetric . for this reason , exact axial symmetric solutions of einstein field equations are good cand...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the open connectome project ( located at http://openconnecto.me ) aims to annotate all the features in a 3d volume of neural em data , connect these features , and compute a ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the cdf collaboration has reported an excess in the production of two jets in association with a @xmath1 boson production @xcite from data collected at the tevatron with a c...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: x - ray studies of fairly normal " galaxies , with high - energy emission not obviously dominated by a luminous active galactic nucleus ( agn ) , have recently been extended...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: topological phase of condensed matter systems is a quantum many - body state with nontrivial momentum or real space topology in the hilbert spaces @xcite . recent newly dis...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the discovery of topological insulators in 2d and 3d has recently attracted a great deal of attention @xcite ( reference therein ) . the appearance of the gapless edge states...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in the past decade , observations of type ia supernovae ( sne ia ; riess et al . 1998 ; schmidt et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) , cosmic microwave background ( cmb...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: quantum systems can be correlated in ways that supersede classical descriptions . however , there are degrees of non - classicality for quantum correlations . for simplicit...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: almost forty years ago exotic , apparently hybrid and unexpected events , dubbed centauros , were observed in cosmic ray ( cr ) experiments in emulsion chambers in chacaltaya...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: several decades ago , @xcite postulated that the absorption lines observed in the spectra of distant qsos are due to the extended gaseous halos of intervening galaxies . sinc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: superconducting josephson junction qubit is one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computation @xcite . single qubit coherent oscillations in superco...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in 1985 , hoare s paper _ a couple of novelties in the propositional calculus _ @xcite was published . in this paper the ternary connective @xmath0 is introduced as the _ ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the presence of a surfactant film at a fluid - fluid interface alters the dynamics of the interface . this is manifested in behavior of the interfacial waves , induced eith...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one of the most interesting topic of quantum physics in recent days is the characterization of universal properties of bosonic many - body system in the unitary regime @xcit...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the visionary who first thought of using the spin polarization of a single electron to encode a binary bit of information has never been identified conclusively . folklore ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: circumstellar material holds clues about the mass - loss history of massive stars . indeed , as the winds interact with the interstellar medium ( wind - blown bubbles , bow...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: this paper presents data for the last two patches ( c and d ) of the sky observed by the public eso imaging survey ( eis ) , being carried out in preparation for the first ye...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: over the past 70 years , there have been multiple attempts to dynamically model the movement of polymer chains with brownian dynamics @xcite , which have more recently been ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a geodesic flow in a given direction on a translation surface induces on a transverse segment an interval exchange map . dynamic of such transformations has been extensivel...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are short - period binaries containing a white dwarf ( wd ) primary ( with mass @xmath2 ) and a low mass main sequence secondary ( with mass @xm...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we first classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters given by the actions of symmetric groups on their conjugacy classes . for this we shall need the following ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: having been discovered more than a century ago @xcite , whistler waves become one of the most important waves in plasmas . such waves ( also known as helicons in solid state ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: since its discovery , in 1980 , the quantum hall ( qh ) effect @xcite has been a very rich source of interesting problems related to topological and correlation effects in co...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the increasing ability of the direct @xmath0-body method to provide reliable models of the dynamical evolution of star clusters has closely mirrored increases in computing po...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cross sections of high - energy nuclear reactions are expressed in terms of nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) , so that precise npdfs are essential for finding ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of finite type , i.e. @xmath0 is a closed surface of genus @xmath1 from which @xmath2 points , so - called _ punctures _ , have been delete...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: general relativity in spacetime dimension @xmath3 larger than four supports black brane solutions that , unlike in lower dimensions , are not uniquely characterized by their ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) @xcite is a fourier synthesis , t - shaped non - coplanar array operating at 151.5 mhz . the telescope was built to fill the gap in ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the properties of the relativistic fermi gas ( rfg ) model of the nucleus @xcite have inspired the idea of superscaling . in the rfg model , the responses of the system to an...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one of the oldest problems of algebra is the equation solvability problem over a given algebraic structure . nowadays , many such classical problems arise in a new perspect...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: gliese 229b is not only the first brown dwarf recognized as genuine @xcite , but it is also the brightest and best - studied t dwarf known . with an effective temperature of ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: densely - grafted chains on nonadsorbing substrate surfaces form the so - called `` polymer brush''@xcite . these systems find various important applications @xcite , e.g. ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: systems of interacting open- and closed - strings play important roles in several aspects of string theory . it has been found out that theories even formulated as pure clo...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in the last years wireless communication systems coped with the problem of delivering reliable information while granting high throughput . this problem has often been faced ...