id int32 | image image | Question string | Answer string | content string | label int32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | In the mass spectrum in the upper left corner, what is the mass corresponding to the signal peak labeled “0P”? | 2,672.4 Da | Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant. | 0 | |
2 | In the mass spectrum in the lower left corner, what is the approximate mass difference between the peak labeled “+2P” and the peak labeled “+1P”? | 79.8 Da | Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant. | 1 | |
3 | In the third mass spectrum, counting from left to right and then from top to bottom, which phosphorylation state exhibits the highest relative abundance? | Monophosphorylation (+1P) | Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant. | 1 | |
4 | How many individual mass spectra subplots are contained in this figure in total? | 4 | Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant. | 0 | |
5 | How many substances are annotated across all the mass spectrometry subfigures? | 4 | Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant. | 1 | |
6 | What is the approximate binding energy (eV) of the rightmost peak within the Pt(0) peak? | approximately 71 eV | Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same. | 0 | |
7 | Which species exhibits a larger peak area, Pt(II) or Pt(0)? | The peak area of Pt(0) is larger. | Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same. | 1 | |
8 | What is the approximate binding energy (in eV) of the Ni 2p peak? | approximately 855 eV | Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same. | 0 | |
9 | Which of the highest-intensity peaks in the left and right subplots is stronger? | Figure b | Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same. | 1 | |
10 | How many Pt(II) peaks appear in Figure a? | 2 | Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same. | 1 | |
11 | Under “Light + CO₂” conditions, around which Raman shift is the most intense Raman peak located? | Approximately 2930 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen... | 1 | |
12 | Which experimental condition yields the highest spectral intensity in the C–D vibrational region? | Light + CO₂ | Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen... | 1 | |
13 | Compared to the Raman peak at approximately 2930 cm⁻¹, what characteristics does the peak shape in the C–D vibrational region exhibit? | The peak exhibits lower intensity and is comparatively less sharp. | Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen... | 1 | |
14 | What physical quantity is represented on the X-axis of this figure, and what is its unit? | Wavenumber, cm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen... | 0 | |
15 | In the legend, which experimental condition does the gray curve correspond to? | Dark + CO₂ | Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen... | 0 | |
16 | In the left figure, at approximately what wavelength is the absorption maximum (λmax) located? | 610 nm | Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles. | 0 | |
17 | In subfigure a, how does the absorbance at λmax change with vibration time (0 to 35 min)? | gradually decreases | Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles. | 1 | |
18 | In subfigure a, is the temporal variation of the absorption peak bandwidth significant? | No significant change. | Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles. | 1 | |
19 | What does the appearance of the green line, which is not included in the legend, in the right-hand absorption peak indicate? | The blue line at 20 min and the yellow line at 30 min overlap in certain regions. | Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles. | 1 | |
20 | What are the labels of the x-axis and y-axis, respectively? | Horizontal axis: Wavelength (nm), Vertical axis: Absorbance (a.u.) | Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles. | 0 | |
21 | For the absorption curve corresponding to 12%, what is the approximate ratio of the absorbance at 350 nm to that at 500 nm? | approximately sevenfold | Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water. | 1 | |
22 | What is the concentration corresponding to the maximum absorption intensity? | 0.18 | Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water. | 1 | |
23 | Which legend variable’s direction of increase aligns with the direction indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure? | Percent concentration | Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water. | 1 | |
24 | How many subfigures are included in the image? | Two subfigures | Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water. | 0 | |
25 | How many distinct percentage absorption curves does the horizontal line at an absorbance value of 1.0 intersect? | 6 | Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water. | 1 | |
26 | At approximately which wavenumber is the strongest absorption peak in the reference spectrum of Li₂CO₃ located? | Approximately 1480 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an... | 1 | |
27 | Among the three spectra labeled “Pristine,” “Discharge,” and “Charge,” which one exhibits the highest absorption peak intensity at approximately 860 cm⁻¹? | Discharge | Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an... | 1 | |
28 | In the “Pristine” spectrum, within the wavenumber range between the two green highlighted regions, how many distinct, well-separated absorption peaks can be observed? | 4 | Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an... | 1 | |
29 | Which other spectrum shown in the figure does the overall peak shape and peak positions of the “Charge” spectrum most closely resemble? | Pristine | Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an... | 1 | |
30 | How many individual infrared spectra are displayed in subfigure (a) in total? | 6 | Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an... | 1 | |
31 | In the spectrum of the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, besides the Mo4+ valence state, which new molybdenum chemical valence state characteristic peak appears? | Mo²⁺ | Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples | 0 | |
32 | For the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, compared to the peak corresponding to Mo⁴⁺, is the binding energy of the peak corresponding to Mo²⁺ higher or lower? | Lower | Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples | 1 | |
33 | Besides the Mo 3d orbitals, which element’s which orbital exhibits a signal peak at approximately 226 eV? | S 2s | Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples | 0 | |
34 | Compared to the two principal peaks of Mo4+, is the newly emerging Mo2+ peak shifted toward higher or lower binding energy? | lower | Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples | 1 | |
35 | Estimate the energy difference between the two peaks of Mo4+. Approximately how many eV is it? | Approximately 3 eV | Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples | 1 | |
36 | At what position does the Raman signal labeled “C=C” appear? | ≈1850 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R... | 0 | |
37 | In subfigure a, how does the intensity of the “C≡C” peak in the red spectrum compare to that of the “C=C” peak? | Significantly stronger | Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R... | 1 | |
38 | In subfigure b, how does the peak width of the red high-wavenumber band differ from that of the black spectral peak? | The red band is wider. | Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R... | 1 | |
39 | How many subfigures does this figure contain? | 3 (a–c) | Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R... | 0 | |
40 | How many sub-peaks constitute the peak labeled “C-C bending” in the black spectrum? | 2 | Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R... | 1 | |
41 | What is the range of typical Raman shifts (cm⁻¹) observed in this Raman spectrum? | 370-420 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1. | 0 | |
42 | For the spectrum at 0°, what is the approximate Raman shift difference between the E₂g peak and the A₁g peak, in cm⁻¹? | approximately 22 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1. | 1 | |
43 | In the spectrum recorded at which angle are the intensities of the E₂g and A₁g peaks most closely matched? | 30° | Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1. | 1 | |
44 | How many distinct spectra measured at different angles are presented in the figure in total? | 12 | Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1. | 0 | |
45 | With increasing angle, what trend does the A₁g peak position exhibit? | Shift toward lower wavenumbers | Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1. | 1 | |
46 | What is the approximate q value of the second most intense peak, whose intensity is second only to that of the “200” peak? | Approximately 5.8 nm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils. | 1 | |
47 | Which of the two peaks labeled “040” and “044” has the greater intensity? | “040” | Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils. | 1 | |
48 | What is the approximate difference in q (in nm⁻¹) between the first and second labeled diffraction peaks in the figure? | approximately 1.0 nm⁻¹ | Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils. | 1 | |
49 | How many labels are indicated by arrows in the q = 13 nm⁻¹ to 18 nm⁻¹ region? | 4 | Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils. | 1 | |
50 | Comparing the 002 and 004 diffraction peaks, which one exhibits a narrower peak profile? | f | Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils. | 1 | |
51 | What is the Raman shift of the D peak in subfigure d (cm⁻¹)? | approximately 1350 | Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m... | 0 | |
52 | What are the spectral characteristics in the range from 1800 cm⁻¹ to 2400 cm⁻¹? | flat baseline | Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m... | 1 | |
53 | By approximately what factor is the Raman shift of the 2D peak larger than that of the D peak? | approximately twofold | Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m... | 1 | |
54 | The D′ peak appears as the shoulder of which principal peak? | G peak | Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m... | 0 | |
55 | Apart from the four labeled peaks, are there any additional Raman signals above 2800 cm⁻¹? | Yes | Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m... | 0 | |
56 | What is the approximate binding energy of the characteristic peak of the O 1s orbital? | approximately 530 eV | Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied. | 0 | |
57 | Comparing the “As-prepared” and “Cl₂-treated” spectra, what change occurs in the intensity of the Cl 2p peak? | A distinct peak emerged. | Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied. | 1 | |
58 | Which elements can be identified in the “As-prepared” sample? | C, N, O, S | Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied. | 0 | |
59 | Across all spectra, how many labeled elemental peaks exhibit binding energies lower than that of the O 1s peak? | 4 (N 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, S 2s/2p) | Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied. | 1 | |
60 | Which sample’s spectrum exhibits the lowest baseline noise level? | H₂-treated | Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied. | 1 | |
61 | In the range of 2θ = 3.5° to 6.5°, how many diffraction peaks are indicated by both arrows and labels? | 6 | Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C, | 1 | |
62 | What is the approximate difference in 2θ positions between the (21) peak and the (11) peak? | approximately 1° | Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C, | 1 | |
63 | Which crystal plane corresponds to the diffraction peak with the highest intensity? | -21 | Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C, | 1 | |
64 | How many sub-figure panels are included in the entire image? | two | Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C, | 0 | |
65 | In the inset, what is the approximate θ angle corresponding to the maximum of the diffraction peak? | 9.5° | Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C, | 0 | |
66 | As the dose increases from 0 to 5×10¹³ cm⁻², what is the most common change in the peak shapes of all the diffraction peaks in the figure? | The peak broadens, and its intensity decreases. | Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the... | 1 | |
67 | In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, which of the (133) and (113) peaks has the smaller 2θ value? | -113 | Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the... | 1 | |
68 | In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, how many crystallographic plane indices are labeled in the 2θ range from 16° to 18°? | 2 | Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the... | 1 | |
69 | What is the approximate difference in the 2θ angle between the (111) peak and the (002) peak? | Approximately 1.3° | Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the... | 1 | |
70 | For the (022) diffraction peak, which colored spectral line corresponds to the lowest peak intensity? | Green | Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the... | 1 | |
71 | Among the six spectra, which one exhibits the flattest peak morphology in the Amide II region? | Exon I (dashed blue line / number 1) | (c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5. | 1 | |
72 | Comparing spectra 3 and 6, what letter is used to label the prominent absorption peak appearing at approximately 1665 cm⁻¹ after stretching? | T | (c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5. | 0 | |
73 | What is the absorption band around 1550 cm⁻¹ in the figure identified as? | Amide II | (c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5. | 0 | |
74 | Which sample corresponds to spectrum number 5? | Exon III drawn | (c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5. | 0 | |
75 | How many dashed-line spectra are displayed in the figure in total? | 3 | (c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5. | 1 | |
76 | In the reaction curve, at approximately how many minutes does the reaction rate begin to enter the plateau phase? | approximately 120 minutes | Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and... | 0 | |
77 | In the spectrum above the 2 h time point in panel c, which phosphorylation state (+nP) shows the highest signal peak abundance? | +5P | Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and... | 1 | |
78 | In the spectrum below 2 h in subfigure c, what is the m/z value corresponding to the signal peak with the highest intensity? | 1844.8 | Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and... | 1 | |
79 | As the reaction time increased from 0 to 240 minutes, how did the migration positions of the protein bands change? | Move upward | Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and... | 1 | |
80 | According to all the mass spectra, what is the maximum number of phosphorylation modifications detected? | 8 | Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and... | 1 | |
81 | As the x value increases from 0 to 1, how does the 2θ position of the strongest diffraction peak change? | Slightly shift toward higher 2θ angles. | Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk. | 1 | |
82 | In which x-value samples can the diffraction peaks marked with an asterisk (*) be observed? | x = 0.4 and x = 0.6. | Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk. | 0 | |
83 | When comparing the spectra of the x = 0 and x = 1 samples in the 2θ range of 55°–60°, how do the shapes of the diffraction peaks differ? | Samples with x = 0 exhibit split peaks, whereas samples with x = 1 exhibit a single peak. | Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk. | 1 | |
84 | Write the complete chemical formula of the compound when x = 0.4. | La₀.₆Sr₀.₄CoO₃₋δ | Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk. | 0 | |
85 | How many sets of XRD patterns for samples with different x values are presented in the figure? | Six groups. | Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk. | 0 | |
86 | Which spectrum is primarily composed of very broad, amorphous peaks and exhibits virtually no sharp characteristic peaks? | Black spectrum / (iii) | Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii). | 0 | |
87 | Which spectrum’s complete signal is the discontinuity symbol on the Y-axis intended to clearly display in the same figure? | Red spectrum / (i) | Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii). | 0 | |
88 | What is the approximate peak width of the 2D peak for spectra (ii)–(iii)? | ~30~50 cm⁻¹ | Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii). | 0 | |
89 | How many spectral curves are displayed in panel d? | 4 lines | Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii). | 0 | |
90 | Which spectral line is obtained by performing a mathematical operation on the other two spectral lines? | Blue spectrum / (ii)–(iii) | Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii). | 1 | |
91 | What is the approximate chemical shift range in ppm for the region labeled “useless for differentiation”? | -30 to -50 ppm | Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che... | 0 | |
92 | In the bottom-most NMR spectrum, is the signal peak indicated by the purple arrow present in the mix of PFOB and PFCE? | No | Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che... | 0 | |
93 | Question: Which of the two molecules, PFOB and PFCE, contains a bromine atom?
Answer: The PFOB molecule contains a bromine atom, whereas PFCE does not. | PFOB | Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che... | 0 | |
94 | How many primary components constitute this image? | Two panels (the spectral plot on the left and the MR image on the right) | Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che... | 0 | |
95 | In the right-hand panel of images, what is the label of the image panel in the first column of the third row? | ¹⁹F ν(PFCH #1) | Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che... | 0 | |
96 | What is the approximate binding energy of the Pd 3d₅/₂ peak for Pd(0)? | approximately 335 eV | Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion. | 0 | |
97 | What is the binding energy shift (ΔE) of the Cu 2p3/2 peak? | -0.7 eV | Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion. | 0 | |
98 | What chemical valence states are Pd and Cu identified as, respectively? | Pd(0) and Cu(0) | Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion. | 0 | |
99 | Which element’s raw spectral data exhibits the poorer signal-to-noise ratio? | Cu | Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion. | 1 | |
100 | What is the peak at approximately 341 eV referred to as? | 3d₃/₂ | Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion. | 0 |
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