id
int32
image
image
Question
string
Answer
string
content
string
label
int32
1
In the mass spectrum in the upper left corner, what is the mass corresponding to the signal peak labeled “0P”?
2,672.4 Da
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase. Description: (b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
0
2
In the mass spectrum in the lower left corner, what is the approximate mass difference between the peak labeled “+2P” and the peak labeled “+1P”?
79.8 Da
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase. Description: (b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
1
3
In the third mass spectrum, counting from left to right and then from top to bottom, which phosphorylation state exhibits the highest relative abundance?
Monophosphorylation (+1P)
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase. Description: (b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
1
4
How many individual mass spectra subplots are contained in this figure in total?
4
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase. Description: (b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
0
5
How many substances are annotated across all the mass spectrometry subfigures?
4
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase. Description: (b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
1
6
What is the approximate binding energy (eV) of the rightmost peak within the Pt(0) peak?
approximately 71 eV
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2. Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
0
7
Which species exhibits a larger peak area, Pt(II) or Pt(0)?
The peak area of Pt(0) is larger.
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2. Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
1
8
What is the approximate binding energy (in eV) of the Ni 2p peak?
approximately 855 eV
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2. Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
0
9
Which of the highest-intensity peaks in the left and right subplots is stronger?
Figure b
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2. Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
1
10
How many Pt(II) peaks appear in Figure a?
2
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2. Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
1
11
Under “Light + CO₂” conditions, around which Raman shift is the most intense Raman peak located?
Approximately 2930 cm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations. Description: a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen...
1
12
Which experimental condition yields the highest spectral intensity in the C–D vibrational region?
Light + CO₂
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations. Description: a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen...
1
13
Compared to the Raman peak at approximately 2930 cm⁻¹, what characteristics does the peak shape in the C–D vibrational region exhibit?
The peak exhibits lower intensity and is comparatively less sharp.
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations. Description: a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen...
1
14
What physical quantity is represented on the X-axis of this figure, and what is its unit?
Wavenumber, cm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations. Description: a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen...
0
15
In the legend, which experimental condition does the gray curve correspond to?
Dark + CO₂
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations. Description: a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represen...
0
16
In the left figure, at approximately what wavelength is the absorption maximum (λmax) located?
610 nm
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis. Description: UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
0
17
In subfigure a, how does the absorbance at λmax change with vibration time (0 to 35 min)?
gradually decreases
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis. Description: UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
1
18
In subfigure a, is the temporal variation of the absorption peak bandwidth significant?
No significant change.
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis. Description: UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
1
19
What does the appearance of the green line, which is not included in the legend, in the right-hand absorption peak indicate?
The blue line at 20 min and the yellow line at 30 min overlap in certain regions.
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis. Description: UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
1
20
What are the labels of the x-axis and y-axis, respectively?
Horizontal axis: Wavelength (nm), Vertical axis: Absorbance (a.u.)
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis. Description: UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
0
21
For the absorption curve corresponding to 12%, what is the approximate ratio of the absorbance at 350 nm to that at 500 nm?
approximately sevenfold
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem. Description: A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
1
22
What is the concentration corresponding to the maximum absorption intensity?
0.18
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem. Description: A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
1
23
Which legend variable’s direction of increase aligns with the direction indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure?
Percent concentration
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem. Description: A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
1
24
How many subfigures are included in the image?
Two subfigures
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem. Description: A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
0
25
How many distinct percentage absorption curves does the horizontal line at an absorbance value of 1.0 intersect?
6
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem. Description: A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
1
26
At approximately which wavenumber is the strongest absorption peak in the reference spectrum of Li₂CO₃ located?
Approximately 1480 cm⁻¹
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air. Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an...
1
27
Among the three spectra labeled “Pristine,” “Discharge,” and “Charge,” which one exhibits the highest absorption peak intensity at approximately 860 cm⁻¹?
Discharge
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air. Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an...
1
28
In the “Pristine” spectrum, within the wavenumber range between the two green highlighted regions, how many distinct, well-separated absorption peaks can be observed?
4
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air. Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an...
1
29
Which other spectrum shown in the figure does the overall peak shape and peak positions of the “Charge” spectrum most closely resemble?
Pristine
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air. Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an...
1
30
How many individual infrared spectra are displayed in subfigure (a) in total?
6
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air. Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH an...
1
31
In the spectrum of the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, besides the Mo4+ valence state, which new molybdenum chemical valence state characteristic peak appears?
Mo²⁺
Caption: Fig. 1 Description: Synthesis and characterization. g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
0
32
For the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, compared to the peak corresponding to Mo⁴⁺, is the binding energy of the peak corresponding to Mo²⁺ higher or lower?
Lower
Caption: Fig. 1 Description: Synthesis and characterization. g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
1
33
Besides the Mo 3d orbitals, which element’s which orbital exhibits a signal peak at approximately 226 eV?
S 2s
Caption: Fig. 1 Description: Synthesis and characterization. g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
0
34
Compared to the two principal peaks of Mo4+, is the newly emerging Mo2+ peak shifted toward higher or lower binding energy?
lower
Caption: Fig. 1 Description: Synthesis and characterization. g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
1
35
Estimate the energy difference between the two peaks of Mo4+. Approximately how many eV is it?
Approximately 3 eV
Caption: Fig. 1 Description: Synthesis and characterization. g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
1
36
At what position does the Raman signal labeled “C=C” appear?
≈1850 cm⁻¹
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH. Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R...
0
37
In subfigure a, how does the intensity of the “C≡C” peak in the red spectrum compare to that of the “C=C” peak?
Significantly stronger
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH. Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R...
1
38
In subfigure b, how does the peak width of the red high-wavenumber band differ from that of the black spectral peak?
The red band is wider.
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH. Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R...
1
39
How many subfigures does this figure contain?
3 (a–c)
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH. Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R...
0
40
How many sub-peaks constitute the peak labeled “C-C bending” in the black spectrum?
2
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH. Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane R...
1
41
What is the range of typical Raman shifts (cm⁻¹) observed in this Raman spectrum?
370-420 cm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films. Description: a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
0
42
For the spectrum at 0°, what is the approximate Raman shift difference between the E₂g peak and the A₁g peak, in cm⁻¹?
approximately 22 cm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films. Description: a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
1
43
In the spectrum recorded at which angle are the intensities of the E₂g and A₁g peaks most closely matched?
30°
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films. Description: a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
1
44
How many distinct spectra measured at different angles are presented in the figure in total?
12
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films. Description: a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
0
45
With increasing angle, what trend does the A₁g peak position exhibit?
Shift toward lower wavenumbers
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films. Description: a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
1
46
What is the approximate q value of the second most intense peak, whose intensity is second only to that of the “200” peak?
Approximately 5.8 nm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides. Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
1
47
Which of the two peaks labeled “040” and “044” has the greater intensity?
“040”
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides. Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
1
48
What is the approximate difference in q (in nm⁻¹) between the first and second labeled diffraction peaks in the figure?
approximately 1.0 nm⁻¹
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides. Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
1
49
How many labels are indicated by arrows in the q = 13 nm⁻¹ to 18 nm⁻¹ region?
4
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides. Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
1
50
Comparing the 002 and 004 diffraction peaks, which one exhibits a narrower peak profile?
f
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides. Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
1
51
What is the Raman shift of the D peak in subfigure d (cm⁻¹)?
approximately 1350
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes. Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m...
0
52
What are the spectral characteristics in the range from 1800 cm⁻¹ to 2400 cm⁻¹?
flat baseline
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes. Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m...
1
53
By approximately what factor is the Raman shift of the 2D peak larger than that of the D peak?
approximately twofold
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes. Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m...
1
54
The D′ peak appears as the shoulder of which principal peak?
G peak
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes. Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m...
0
55
Apart from the four labeled peaks, are there any additional Raman signals above 2800 cm⁻¹?
Yes
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes. Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile m...
0
56
What is the approximate binding energy of the characteristic peak of the O 1s orbital?
approximately 530 eV
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
0
57
Comparing the “As-prepared” and “Cl₂-treated” spectra, what change occurs in the intensity of the Cl 2p peak?
A distinct peak emerged.
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
1
58
Which elements can be identified in the “As-prepared” sample?
C, N, O, S
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
0
59
Across all spectra, how many labeled elemental peaks exhibit binding energies lower than that of the O 1s peak?
4 (N 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, S 2s/2p)
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
1
60
Which sample’s spectrum exhibits the lowest baseline noise level?
H₂-treated
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
1
61
In the range of 2θ = 3.5° to 6.5°, how many diffraction peaks are indicated by both arrows and labels?
6
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice. Description: (a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
1
62
What is the approximate difference in 2θ positions between the (21) peak and the (11) peak?
approximately 1°
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice. Description: (a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
1
63
Which crystal plane corresponds to the diffraction peak with the highest intensity?
-21
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice. Description: (a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
1
64
How many sub-figure panels are included in the entire image?
two
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice. Description: (a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
0
65
In the inset, what is the approximate θ angle corresponding to the maximum of the diffraction peak?
9.5°
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice. Description: (a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
0
66
As the dose increases from 0 to 5×10¹³ cm⁻², what is the most common change in the peak shapes of all the diffraction peaks in the figure?
The peak broadens, and its intensity decreases.
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation. Description: (a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the...
1
67
In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, which of the (133) and (113) peaks has the smaller 2θ value?
-113
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation. Description: (a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the...
1
68
In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, how many crystallographic plane indices are labeled in the 2θ range from 16° to 18°?
2
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation. Description: (a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the...
1
69
What is the approximate difference in the 2θ angle between the (111) peak and the (002) peak?
Approximately 1.3°
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation. Description: (a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the...
1
70
For the (022) diffraction peak, which colored spectral line corresponds to the lowest peak intensity?
Green
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation. Description: (a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the...
1
71
Among the six spectra, which one exhibits the flattest peak morphology in the Amide II region?
Exon I (dashed blue line / number 1)
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
1
72
Comparing spectra 3 and 6, what letter is used to label the prominent absorption peak appearing at approximately 1665 cm⁻¹ after stretching?
T
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
0
73
What is the absorption band around 1550 cm⁻¹ in the figure identified as?
Amide II
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
0
74
Which sample corresponds to spectrum number 5?
Exon III drawn
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
0
75
How many dashed-line spectra are displayed in the figure in total?
3
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
1
76
In the reaction curve, at approximately how many minutes does the reaction rate begin to enter the plateau phase?
approximately 120 minutes
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats. Description: (c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and...
0
77
In the spectrum above the 2 h time point in panel c, which phosphorylation state (+nP) shows the highest signal peak abundance?
+5P
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats. Description: (c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and...
1
78
In the spectrum below 2 h in subfigure c, what is the m/z value corresponding to the signal peak with the highest intensity?
1844.8
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats. Description: (c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and...
1
79
As the reaction time increased from 0 to 240 minutes, how did the migration positions of the protein bands change?
Move upward
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats. Description: (c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and...
1
80
According to all the mass spectra, what is the maximum number of phosphorylation modifications detected?
8
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats. Description: (c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and...
1
81
As the x value increases from 0 to 1, how does the 2θ position of the strongest diffraction peak change?
Slightly shift toward higher 2θ angles.
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Description: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
1
82
In which x-value samples can the diffraction peaks marked with an asterisk (*) be observed?
x = 0.4 and x = 0.6.
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Description: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
0
83
When comparing the spectra of the x = 0 and x = 1 samples in the 2θ range of 55°–60°, how do the shapes of the diffraction peaks differ?
Samples with x = 0 exhibit split peaks, whereas samples with x = 1 exhibit a single peak.
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Description: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
1
84
Write the complete chemical formula of the compound when x = 0.4.
La₀.₆Sr₀.₄CoO₃₋δ
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Description: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
0
85
How many sets of XRD patterns for samples with different x values are presented in the figure?
Six groups.
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ. Description: (a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
0
86
Which spectrum is primarily composed of very broad, amorphous peaks and exhibits virtually no sharp characteristic peaks?
Black spectrum / (iii)
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment. Description: (d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
0
87
Which spectrum’s complete signal is the discontinuity symbol on the Y-axis intended to clearly display in the same figure?
Red spectrum / (i)
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment. Description: (d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
0
88
What is the approximate peak width of the 2D peak for spectra (ii)–(iii)?
~30~50 cm⁻¹
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment. Description: (d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
0
89
How many spectral curves are displayed in panel d?
4 lines
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment. Description: (d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
0
90
Which spectral line is obtained by performing a mathematical operation on the other two spectral lines?
Blue spectrum / (ii)–(iii)
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment. Description: (d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
1
91
What is the approximate chemical shift range in ppm for the region labeled “useless for differentiation”?
-30 to -50 ppm
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs. Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che...
0
92
In the bottom-most NMR spectrum, is the signal peak indicated by the purple arrow present in the mix of PFOB and PFCE?
No
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs. Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che...
0
93
Question: Which of the two molecules, PFOB and PFCE, contains a bromine atom? Answer: The PFOB molecule contains a bromine atom, whereas PFCE does not.
PFOB
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs. Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che...
0
94
How many primary components constitute this image?
Two panels (the spectral plot on the left and the MR image on the right)
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs. Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che...
0
95
In the right-hand panel of images, what is the label of the image panel in the first column of the third row?
¹⁹F ν(PFCH #1)
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs. Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Che...
0
96
What is the approximate binding energy of the Pd 3d₅/₂ peak for Pd(0)?
approximately 335 eV
Caption: Fig. 3 Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
0
97
What is the binding energy shift (ΔE) of the Cu 2p3/2 peak?
-0.7 eV
Caption: Fig. 3 Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
0
98
What chemical valence states are Pd and Cu identified as, respectively?
Pd(0) and Cu(0)
Caption: Fig. 3 Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
0
99
Which element’s raw spectral data exhibits the poorer signal-to-noise ratio?
Cu
Caption: Fig. 3 Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
1
100
What is the peak at approximately 341 eV referred to as?
3d₃/₂
Caption: Fig. 3 Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
0