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| <div class='klayout-generated-doc'><p class="navigator"><b>KLayout Documentation (Qt 5): </b><a href="../index.html">Main Index</a> » <a href="index.html">KLayout User Manual</a> » <a href="basic.html">KLayout Basics</a> » Using Landmarks To Align Images</p><h1>Using Landmarks To Align Images</h1><a name="k_1"></a><a name="k_2"></a><a name="k_3"></a><p> |
| "Landmarks" are arbitrary positions in the image. You can define such positions graphically in an image |
| and then, within the layout view, use the defined landmarks as handles to align an image with a layout. |
| Depending on the number of landmarks defined, you can use this feature to compensate the shift of an image, |
| rotation, shear or even perspective distortion. |
| </p><p> |
| Landmarks are defined in the landmark editor. Open the landmark editor by pressing the "Define" button |
| in the image properties dialogs. |
| </p><p> |
| The landmarks editor shows the image in the left panel and a list of the landmarks already defined |
| int the right panel. You can zoom around the image view using the same methods than in KLayout's |
| layout view (mouse wheel, middle mouse button, zoom box with right mouse button). |
| </p><p> |
| To add a landmark choose "Add" mode. Then click at the desired position of the new |
| landmark. It will be shown in the image as a small target cross symbol. |
| To delete a landmark, choose "Delete" mode and click on the landmark to delete. |
| You can also select a landmark from the list and enter Delete mode. In that case, |
| the currently selected landmarks are deleted. |
| </p><p> |
| To move a landmark, enter "Move" mode and move the landmark. Please note that the |
| move operations follows KLayouts "pick and place" philosophy, so you have to click |
| with the mouse twice: once to pick the landmark and second to drop it. The advantage |
| of this approach is that you can zoom while dragging the landmark. |
| </p><p> |
| It does not make much sense to define more than 4 landmarks because for more |
| the transformation derived from the landmarks is overdetermined. For best |
| accuracy it is important to select landmark positions that span a large region. |
| In particular, landmarks should not be too close and three landmarks should |
| not form a line. |
| </p><p> |
| Dependent on the number of landmarks, KLayout can adjust the following |
| parameters of the image: |
| </p><ul><li><b>1 Landmark</b>: displacement</li><li><b>2 Landmarks</b>: displacement, rotation and magnification</li><li><b>3 Landmarks</b>: displacement, rotation, magnification and shear</li><li><b>4 Landmarks</b>: displacement, rotation, magnification, shear and perspective distortion</li></ul><p> |
| Once the landmarks are defined, they can be used to adjust the image's display transformation. |
| To do so, enter "Move" move in KLayout. When the mouse is over the image, the landmark symbols are |
| shown and can be picked with the mouse. When you pick up a landmark and move the mouse, KLayout will |
| adjust the image transformation and display the image frame according to the new transformation. |
| When you drop the landmark, the image will be transformed accordingly. |
| </p><p> |
| Depending on the number of landmarks, KLayout can adjust either some or all transformation parameters |
| such as displacement, angle etc. such that the other landmarks stay on the same position. |
| In some cases that may not be desired. For example, if four landmarks are defined and one of them |
| is moved, the result may be an extreme perspective distortion. Usually one would do a coarse adjustment |
| by roughly adjusting the position and magnification and use the perspective transformation only to |
| fine-adjust the image finally. |
| </p><p> |
| Hence, KLayout allows reduction of the degree of freedom it has when adjusting the transformation. |
| While you drag a landmark, you can use these modifier keys: |
| </p><ul><li><b>Shift</b>: Only adjust displacement</li><li><b>Ctrl</b>: Adjust displacement, rotation and magnification</li><li><b>Shift+Ctrl</b>: Adjust displacement, rotation, magnification and shear</li></ul></div> |
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