diff --git "a/Economics/train.json" "b/Economics/train.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/Economics/train.json" @@ -0,0 +1,54302 @@ +[ + { + "id": 3000, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "经济高质量发展的政治经济学分析", + "source": "知识是由知识型劳动者创造的,本身内涵价值,当知识是作为一种物的知识转移到劳动资料中时,劳动资料的价值增加,并在生产过程中转移至最终产品。", + "reference": "知识是由知识型劳动者创造的,本身内涵价值,当知识作为一种物的知识转移到劳动资料中时,劳动资料的价值增加,并在生产过程中转移至最终产品。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 24, + 25 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 24, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3001, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "河北省产业结构与生态环境的协调发展研究", + "source": "关于产业结构系统和生态环境系统所建立的指标如下:生态环境评价指标:在生态环境指标体系的设立过程中,本文依据PSR模型,即压力-状态-响应模型。", + "reference": "由产业结构系统和生态环境系统所建立的指标如下:关于生态环境评价指标,本文采用了PSR模型,即压力-状态-响应模型,作为生态环境指标体系构建的基础。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 2 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "关", + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "由" + ] + }, + { + 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"第三章,分析了马克思经济伦理思想的演进,从分析马克思经济伦理思想的演进开始,关注了马克思本人的理论转向,从分析马克思对古典政治经济学,十九世纪空想社会主义和规范经济哲学中的经济伦理思想的批判,马克思本人的思想实现了由青年黑格尔主义转向历史唯物主义再转向共产主义的跨越。", + "reference": "第三章,分析了马克思经济伦理思想的演进,以分析马克思经济伦理思想的演进为起点,关注了马克思本人的理论转变,分析马克思对古典政治经济学、十九世纪空想社会主义和规范经济哲学中的经济伦理思想的批判,得出马克思本人的思想实现了由青年黑格尔主义转向历史唯物主义再转向共产主义跨越的结论。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "从" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "以" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 37 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 35, + 38 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "开", + "始" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "为", + "起", + "点" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 50, + 53 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 51, + 53 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "向", + ",", + "从" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "变", + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 66, + 67 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 66, + 67 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 96, + 96 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 96, + 98 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + 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+ "reference": "据2018年《青年报》报道,我国快递行业每年能够带动约20万新增就业,不容忽视。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 11 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 25, + 26 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 24, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "能" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 32, + 33 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 30, + 30 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3006, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "中国作为制造业大国,在有限的范围内很难完全消化掉几十年飞速发展而来的大量的低端产品的生产,在一定程度上造成了资源的极大浪费和环境污染。", + "reference": "中国作为制造业大国,在有限的范围内很难完全消化掉几十年飞速发展带来的大量低端产品,在一定程度上造成了资源的极大浪费和环境污染。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 31, + 32 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 31, + 32 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "而" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "带" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 36, + 37 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 36, + 36 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": 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"本文以马克思政治经济学,制度创新经济学中诺思的观点,熊彼特的创新理论为理论基础,试图探究北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响。", + "reference": "本文以马克思政治经济学、制度创新经济学中诺思的观点、熊彼特的创新理论为理论基础,试图探究北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 25, + 26 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 25, + 26 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3011, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思主义政治经济学视域下的数字劳动研究", + "source": "为此,马克思的劳动思想是探究数字劳动存在性质及现实效应的始源,必须以此为基站进行分析论述。", + "reference": "因此,马克思的劳动思想是探究数字劳动存在性质及现实效应的始源,必须以此为基础进行分析论述。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "为" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "因" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 37, + 38 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 37, + 38 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "站" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "础" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3012, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "基于空间计量模型的昆明市住房特征价格研究", + "source": "住宅价格问题不仅是房地产学术界关注的焦点,也己经成为房地产实务界关注的热点,其影响因素一直是该行业理论及实证研究的重点。", + "reference": "住宅价格问题不仅是房地产学术界关注的焦点,也是房地产实务界关注的热点,其影响因素一直是该行业理论及实证研究的重点。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 26 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "己", + "经", + "成", + "为" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "是" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3013, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "电子商务平台企业间Lotk...竞争模型研究及其经济学解释", + "source": "国内外对于商业生态系统的研究多聚焦于对于商业生态系统的基本概念、发展周期及参与主体的层次;而对于电子商务生态系统的研究则大多从电子商务生态系统的参与主体角度探讨其发展竞争策略。", + "reference": "国内外对于商业生态系统的研究多聚焦于商业生态系统的基本概念、发展周��及参与主体的层次;而对于电子商务生态系统的研究则大多从电子商务生态系统的参与主体角度探讨其发展竞争策略。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 17, + 19 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 17, + 17 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "于", + "对" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3015, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "经济高质量发展的政治经济学分析", + "source": "知识型劳动质量提升对国际竞争力的作用体现在以下三点:首先,教育成为一种产业,一个教育服务质量高的国家能够通过教育服务出口来获取巨额收益,同时完善的科研条件、先进的教学理念吸引着大量优秀的、有潜力的国外知识型劳动者前往从事科研工作,间接的提高了本国的知识型劳动质量。", + "reference": "知识型劳动质量的提升对国际竞争力的作用体现在以下三点:首先,教育成为一种产业,一个教育服务质量高的国家能够通过教育服务出口来获取巨额收益,同时完善的科研条件、先进的教学理念吸引着大量优秀的、有潜力的国外知识型劳动者前往从事科研工作,这间接地提高了本国的知识型劳动质量。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 7, + 7 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 7, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 115, + 115 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 116, + 117 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "这" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 117, + 118 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 119, + 120 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3017, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "对加班问题的政治经济学分析", + "source": "为什么上个世纪80年代那批学者的理想化为了泡影,企业和劳动者为什么都被卷入到加班的漩涡之中而不能自拔,我们的出路在哪里,落实八小时工作制以及未来缩短劳动时间从而将人从劳动中解放出来是真的可能吗?带着这些疑问,本文尝试着寻找答案。", + "reference": "为什么上个世纪80年代那批学者的理想化为了泡影,企业和劳动者都被卷入到加班的漩涡之中而不能自拔,我们的出路在哪里,落实八小时工作制以及未来缩短劳动时间从而将人解放出来真的有可能吗?带着这些疑问,本文尝试着寻找答案。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 30, + 33 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 30, + 30 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "为", + "什", + "么" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 82, + 86 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 79, + 79 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "从", + "劳", + "动", + "中" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 90, + 91 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 83, + 83 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 93, + 93 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 85, + 86 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "有" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3019, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "理论经济学", + "title": "科技进步驱动经济发展的政治经济学分析", + "source": "韩民春等(2019)以工业机器人的科技进步现象对研究对象,通过测算科技进步对就业的两方面影响,发现第二代工业机器人对就业的挤出效应更大,预测未来我国第二产业就业压力会增大。", + "reference": "韩民春等(2019)以工业机器人的科技进步现象为研究对象,通过测算科技进步对就业的两方面影响,发现第二代工业机器人对就业的挤出效应更大,预测未来我国第二产业就业压力会增大。", + "edit": [ + 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"随着经济生活和社会生活的发展和变化,当今社会出现了一些新情况、新现象,为了更好地分析新情况、新特点,这就要求我们从更广阔的视野去理解和分析马克思劳动价值论和剩余价值理论。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 39, + 40 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 39, + 40 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3025, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于层次分析法的住房抵押贷款证券化风险因素研究", + "source": "本章运用前文所述层次分析法计算出影响MBS的最大风险因素,在此基础上运用多元线性回归方法对该因素进行进一步深入分析。", + "reference": "本文首先采用前文介绍的层次分析法确定影响MBS的最大风险因素,随后在此基础上采用多元线性回归方法对该因素进行更深层次的分析。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 1, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 1, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "章", + "运" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "文", + "首", + "先", + "采" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 6, + 8 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 11 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "所", + "述" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "介", + "绍", + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 13, + 16 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 16, + 18 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "计", + "算", + "出" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "确", + "定" + ] + }, + { + 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"通过以上研究,本文得出了以下结论:从北欧的社会福利制度内容来看,其内容广泛覆盖医疗制度,失业劳动者的保障政策,教育政策,养老金体系,住房政策等等,覆盖面及其广泛,保证了公民无论在任何情况之下,都能够拥有最基本的生活。", + "reference": "通过以上研究,本文得出了以下结论:从北欧的社会福利制度内容来看,其内容覆盖了医疗制度、失业劳动者的保障政策、教育政策、养老金体系、住房政策等等,覆盖面极其广泛,保证了公民无论在任何情况之下,都能够拥有最基本的生活。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 37 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 35, + 35 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "广", + "泛" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 39, + 39 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 37, + 38 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 43, + 44 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 42, + 43 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 54, + 55 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 53, + 54 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 59, + 60 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 58, + 59 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 65, + 66 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 64, + 65 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"产业经济学", + "title": "全球生产网络的结构特征分析", + "source": "在将社会网络分析方法应用于产业研究方面,Campbell(1970)将以产业为基础单位的投入产出矩阵转化为邻接矩阵,并以该邻接矩阵为基础进行社群图的刻画,将存在于产业间的结构特征可视化,完成了社会网络分析于产业研究之间的相互结合。", + "reference": "将社会网络分析��法应用于产业研究方面,Campbell(1970)将以产业为基础单位的投入产出矩阵转化为邻接矩阵,并以该邻接矩阵为基础进行社群图的刻画,将存在于产业间的结构特征可视化,完成了社会网络分析与产业研究之间的相互结合。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 0 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "在" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 102, + 103 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 101, + 102 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "与" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3049, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "全球生产网络的结构特征分析", + "source": "根据表5.9输出结果显示,2000-2014年,特征向量中心度排名前十的国家的生产部门节点主要包括17个,其中,涉及到的生产部门主要有10个:采矿和采石;纺织品、服装、皮革和相关产品的制造;化学品及化学制品的制造;橡胶和塑料制品的制造;基本金属的制造;金属制品的制造(机械设备除外);计算机、电子产品和光学产品的制造;电力设备的制造;未另分类的机械和设备的制造,机械和设备的修理和安装;汽车、挂车和半挂车的制造,所涉及国家包括:德国、法国、荷兰、英国、中国、美国、意大利、俄罗斯。", + "reference": "根据表5.9输出结果显示,2000-2014年,特征向量中心度排名前十国家的生产部门节点主要包括17个,其中,涉及到的生产部门主要有10个:采矿和采石;纺织品、服装、皮革和相关产品的制造;化学品及化学制品的制造;橡胶和塑料制品的制造;基本金属的制造;金属制品的制造(机械设备除外);计算机、电子产品和光学产品的制造;电力设备的制造;未另分类的机械和设备的制造,机械和设备的修理和安装;汽车、挂车和半挂车的制造,所涉及国家包括:德国、法国、荷兰、英国、中国、美国、意大利、俄罗斯。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 35, + 35 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3050, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "通体来说,从动机角度分析惩罚制度时,我们可以发现,惩罚制度的引入改变了个体合作的两个动机:通过改变利益结构导致外部动机改变;通过提高信任水平导致内部动机改变。", + "reference": "总体来说,从动机角度分析惩罚制度,我们可以发现,惩罚制度的引入改变了个体合作的两个动机:通过改变利益结构导致外部动机改变;通过提高信任水平导致内部动机改变。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "通" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "总" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 16, + 17 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 16, + 16 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "时" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3052, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "经济思想史", + "title": "经济学视角下的李约瑟之谜", + "source": "针对李约瑟之谜的质疑及辩驳,除了“无意义说”、“无科学说”及“修改说”,学术界也出现了一写其他角度的质疑,但是由于这些角度谜的质疑较为牵强,故上文中并未做详细阐述。", + "reference": "针对李约瑟之谜的质疑及辩驳,除了“无意义说”、“无科学说”及“修改说”,学术界也出现了一些其他角度的质疑,但是由于这些角度的质疑较为牵强,故上文中并未做详细阐述。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 44, + 45 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 44, + 45 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "写" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "些" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 61, + 62 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 61, + 61 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "谜" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3053, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "全球生产网络的结构特征分析", + "source": "针对图的等级度而言,2000-2014年价值化全球生产网络的等级度呈现逐步下降的趋势,这表明全球生产网络等级结构逐年降低,即随着时间地推移,越来越多的生产部门节点之间逐渐可以实现对称性地可达,节点之间的资源信息交换关系更为稳定,整体全球生产网络的等级度降低。", + "reference": "针对图的等级度而言,2000-2014年价值化全球生产网络的等级度呈现逐步下降的趋势,这表明全球生产网络等级结构逐年降低,即随着时间地推移,越来越多的生产部门节点之间逐渐可以实现对称性地可达,节点之间的资源信息交换关系更为稳定,整体全球生产网络的等级度有所降低。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 126, + 126 + ], + 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"关于股份制度,他说:“它是资本主义体系本身的基础上对资本主义的私人产业的扬弃。”", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 9, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 9, + 10 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + ":" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3060, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思主义政治经济学视域下的数字劳动研究", + "source": "劳动之所以会造成异化本质上是由于资本主义的私有制导致的。", + "reference": "劳动之所以会造成异化本质上是资本主义的私有制导致的。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 16 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 14, + 14 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "由", + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3061, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "经济思想史", + "title": "经济学视角下的李约瑟之谜", + "source": "Aghion(1992)等人指出,人力资本的确是能够推动经济增长的关键性因素。", + "reference": "Aghion(1992)等人指出,人力资本的确是推动经济增长的关键性因素。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 24, + 26 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 24, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "能", + "够" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3063, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思主义政治经济学视域下的数字劳动研究", + "source": "同时,国内学者如:黄再胜、周延云、李仙娥和孔令全等人,他们从理论嬗变,概念梳理以及马克思劳动价值论的层面分析了数字劳动的表现形式、本质属性和剥削形式等问题为本文的研究奠定了基础。", + "reference": "同时,国内学者如黄再胜、周延云、李仙娥和孔令全等人,他们从理论嬗变、概念梳理以及马克思劳动价值论的层面分析了数字劳动的表现形式、本质属性和剥削形式等问题,为本文的研究奠定了基础。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + ":" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 34, + 35 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 33, + 34 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 77, + 77 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 76, + 77 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3064, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "对加班问题的政治经济学分析", + "source": "加班作为普遍的甚至被社会默认的制度不是本来就有的,在改革开放前国内仅有公有制经济情况下,加班不是普遍存在的,改革开放后我国呈现出以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展的经济体制,并随着市场经济的发展,企业为了经济效益而不断的延长工作日,加班文化慢慢开始,到了最近几年,加班成为一种普遍的状态,成为了一个非常重要的社会问题。", + "reference": "加班作为普遍的甚至被社会默认的制度不是本来就存在的,在改革开放前国内仅有公有制经济情况下,加班不是普遍存在的。改革开放后我国呈现出以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展的经济体制,并随着市场经济的发展,企业为了经济效益而不断地延长工作日,加班文化慢慢开始。到了最近几年,加班成为一种普遍的状态,成为了一个非常重要的社会问题。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 22, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "有" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "存", + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 53, + 54 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 54, + 55 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 111, + 112 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 112, + 113 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 126, + 127 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 127, + 128 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3065, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国外马克思主义研究", + "title": "伯克特对生态经济学的马克思主义诠释", + "source": "《马克思主义与生态经济学——走向一种红绿政治经济学》一书是伯克特对生态经济学的观点进行马克思主义分析的集中体现,伯克特站在历史唯物主义阶级分析的立场上,从自然价值、自然资本、经济与熵的关系、可持续发展四个主题出发,第一次以马克思主义的视角对生态经济学进行总体性评价,揭示了生态经济学的理论缺陷,尝试用马克思主义的立场和观点来完善和发展生态经济学,从另一方面来说,也以生态经济学的实践检验了马克思主义理论的内在生态内涵。", + "reference": "《马克思主义与生态经济学——走向一种红绿政治经济学》这本书集中展现了伯克特对生态经济学观点的马克思主义分析。伯克特立足于历史唯物主义的阶级分析立场上,从自然价值、自然资本、经济与熵的关系、可持续发展四个主题出发,首次以马克思主义视角对生态经济学进行了全面评价。他揭示了生态经济学的理论不足,并尝试运用马克思主义的立场和观点来完善和推进生态经济学的发展。同时,通过生态经济学的实践,也检验了马克思主义理论中蕴含的生态内涵。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 26, + 29 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 26, + 34 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "一", + "书", + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "这", + "本", + "书", + "集", + "中", + "展", + "现", + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 38, + 39 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 43, + 43 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 41, + 43 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 45, + 46 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "进", + "行" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 50, + 56 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 53, + 54 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"数字劳动的出场是是数字化时代发展到一定历史阶段的必然结果,互联网和数字技术的发展使人类社会迈入“数字时代”,改变了人们的生产和生活方式,“人们被纳入数字和信息网中”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 79, + 80 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 79, + 79 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "之" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3100, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国外马克思主义研究", + "title": "伯克特对生态经济学的马克思主义诠释", + "source": "不仅产品的生产过程需要物质和能量的投入,而且在产品使用后对它的处理过程也会导致熵的增加。", + "reference": "不仅产品的生产过程需要物质和能量的投入,而且在产品使用后对其处理过程也会导致熵的增加。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 29, + 31 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 29, + 30 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "它", + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "其" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3101, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思主义政治经济学视域下的数字劳动研究", + "source": "但是,在信息时代,面对新的劳动环境与新的劳动呈现方式的时候,我们仍然需要站在巨人的肩膀上思考问题,为此,在对数字劳动进行批判的路径上,我们要延续马克思的异化劳动理论,用马克思的异化劳动理论剖析数字劳动异化过程中所面临的问题,在实践路径上,要立足于马克思主义政治经济学视角,以马克思政治经济学批判为研究方法,站在信息时代的背景下审视数字劳动解放,从而努力实现数字劳动解放,促进人的发展,同时也要彰显数字劳动的时代价值,在经济发展过程中构建美好生活。", + "reference": "但是,在信息时代,面对新的劳动环境与新的劳动呈现方式,我们仍然需要站在巨人的肩膀上思考问题。为此,在对数字劳动进行批判的路径上,我们要延续马克思的异化劳动理论,用马克思的异化劳动理论剖析数字劳动异化过程中所面临的问题。在实践路径上,要立足于马克思主义政治经济学视角,以马克思政治经济学批判为研究方法,站在信息时代的背景下审视数字劳动解放,从而努力实现数字劳动解放,促进人的发展。同时也要彰显数字��动的时代价值,在经济发展过程中构建美好生活。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 26, + 29 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 26, + 26 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "时", + "候" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 48, + 49 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 45, + 46 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 111, + 112 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 108, + 109 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 191, + 192 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 188, + 189 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3102, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "空间经济学视角下成都经济区经济引力模型的构建与运用", + "source": "该章对本文的研究背景、研究意义进行了阐释,对国内外研究现状进行了梳理和评析,对研究内容和技术路线进行了描述,同时对论文可能存在的创新与不足进行了说明。", + "reference": "该章对本文的研究背景、研究意义进行了阐释,对国内外研究现状进行了梳理和评析,对研究内容和技术路线进行了描述,同时对论文可能存在的创新与不足进行了说明。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3103, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动", + "title": "改革开放以来我国所有制结构改革的马克思主义政治经济学分析", + "source": "概括来讲,所有制结构是不同的所有制形式组成的,所有制形式与所有制结构之间,以及各种所有制形式之间都具有着相互影响的关系,更为重要的是,作为整体的所有制结构不是各种所有制形式的简单相加,其本身具有自己的独立特性和发展规律,这也是我们需要将所有制结构作为一个单独的研究对象的原因。", + "reference": "概括来讲,所有制结构是不同的所有制形式组成的,所有制形式与所有制结构之间,以及各种所有制形式之间都具有相互影响的关系。更为重要的是,作为整体的所有制结构不是各种所有制形式的简单相加,其本身具有自己的独立特性和发展规律。这也是我们需要将所有制结构作为一个单独的研究对象的原因。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 51, + 52 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 51, + 51 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "着" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 59, + 60 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 58, + 59 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 109, + 110 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 108, + 109 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3104, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "空间经济学视角下成都经济区经济引力模型的构建与运用", + "source": "本文在选择统计方法时,为了方便观察分析,希望在保留较少变量的同时能够反映出尽量完整的信息,因子分析法是将原先提出的所有变量,做出删选整合,将相互之间紧密相关或者可能存在重复的变量删除,同时构建尽可能少的新变量,使得这些新变量能尽可能多的反映出更多原有信息信息。", + "reference": "本文在选择统计方法时,为了方便观察分析,希望在保留较少变量的同时能够反映出尽量完整的信息,因子分析法是将原先提出的所有变量,做出删选整合,将相互之间紧密相关或者可能存在重复的变量删除,同时构建尽可能少的新变量,使得这些新变量能尽可能多的反映出更多原有信息。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 125, + 127 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 125, + 125 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "信", + "息" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3105, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动的政治经济学批判", + "source": "由于数字劳动是在理论和现实的双重进路中“被‘完整化’和泛化地建构”而出的,这就要求我们不仅要关注理论界在数字概念的“内涵界定”上的理论分歧,也要研究“具象化”的数字劳动,对数字劳动的具体形式的范围进行廓清,理清数字劳动概念的“外延”。", + "reference": "由于数字劳动是在理论和现实的双重进路中“被‘完整化’和泛化地建构”而出,这就要求我们不仅要关注理论界在数字概念的“内涵界定”上的理论分歧,也要研究“具象化”的数字劳动,对数字劳动的具体形式的范围进行廓清,理清数字劳动概念的“外延”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 35, + 35 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3106, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "在正式惩罚制度的公共品博弈实验中(简称FS),我们设计了两种变量,一种是是惩罚水平,一种是监督范围。", + "reference": "在正式惩罚制度的公共品博弈实验中(简称FS),我们设计了两种变量,一种是惩罚水平,一种是监督范围。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 35, + 35 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3107, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探究", + "source": "与此同时,可靠的高社会福利制度也使企业家们更为愿意去承担社会责任,因为社会福利制度在实施过程中足够透明,公正,并且他们也明白只有整个社会发展的更好,自身的企业才会更好。", + "reference": "与此同时,可靠的高社会福利制度也使企业家们更为愿意去承担社会责任,因为社会福利制度在实施过程中足够透明、公正,并且他们也明白只有整个社会发展得更好,自身的企业才会更好。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 51, + 52 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 51, + 52 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 70, + 71 + ], + 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"邓慧慧、王浩楠(2020)也在行为经济学和低碳消费视角下,以启发式思考、时间偏见、损失厌恶和现状偏见三个方面对消费者家庭的能源消耗进行了研究,(2)有限识别力研究:关于有限识别力(finite sensibility),最早是由Borda(1781)和Edgeworth(1881)对有限识别力概念进行论述,即人类识别有一个最小察觉变化量,Edgeworth称之为最小限度识别(minimum sensible)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 67, + 67 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 67, + 68 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 80, + 81 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 81, + 82 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + ";" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + ":" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 110, + 110 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 111, + 112 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "是" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3110, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "技术经济及管理", + "title": "基于空间计量经济学的我国能源效率影响因素研究", + "source": "魏楚,沈满洪(2007)运用1995-2004年省际面板数据进行能源效率的计算,并从产业结构、政府影响力、对外开放程度及制度等方面对其影响因素进行研究。", + "reference": "魏楚和沈满洪(2007)运用1995-2004年省际面板数据进行能源效率的计算,并从产业结构、政府影响力、对外开放程度及制度等方面对其影响因素进行研究。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 2, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 2, + 3 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"此时,人们似乎并未意识到技术进步对经济增长具有极强的推动作用,经济学家在研究经济增长问题时也未将技术因素纳入其中,研究李约瑟之谜的学者也少能够联想到其与经济增长的联系,所以这一时期的李约瑟之谜仅仅“狭义的李约瑟之谜”。", + "reference": "此时,人们似乎并未意识到技术进步对经济增长具有极强的推动作用,经济学家在研究经济增长问题时也未将技术因素纳入其中,研究李约瑟之谜的学者也鲜少能够联想到其与经济增长的联系,所以这一时期的李约瑟之谜仅仅是“狭义的李约瑟之谜”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 68, + 68 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 68, + 69 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "鲜" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 98, + 98 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 99, + 100 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "是" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3114, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "这一切问题都势必要充分运用马克思在《政治经济学批判·导言》中所论述的生产关系理论来辩证的加以分析。", + "reference": "这一切问题都势必要充分运用马克思在《政治经济学批判·导言》中所论述的生产关系理论的辩证,并加以分析。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "来" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 43, + 44 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 43, + 45 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + 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"在这里我们发现:通过移动网络通信公司可以实时锁定一个人的位置,通过安全窥探镜头可以精确地捕捉一个人的身影,通过网络媒体的点击率与观看率可以判断一个人的喜好,生活与工作之间的界限不再明晰,甚至在过去看来很多不可思议的事情在现下都客观且真实地存在着……在那里,我们所有的举动都会被记录在册,被互联网出版商和广告商所利用;在那里,你所有的行为都暴露在资本家的监控视野之下,无偿地为资本家创造着剩余价值;在那里,我们每个人无一不是这次数字风暴的受惠者与受害者,无论你适应时代的变化与否,我们都得揣着智能手机出门,用微信与支付宝扫码付钱,在与人交流时使用社交软件,在检索书籍时点开查找软件等等。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 89, + 90 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 89, + 90 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "在" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "再" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 95, + 96 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 95, + 95 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 119, + 120 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 118, + 119 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 186, + 187 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 185, + 186 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3125, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "民营企业参与PPP的非正式制度壁垒分析", + "source": 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"因此,社会应利用多种手段提升社会机会与过程公平,尤其是低收入者获得教育的权利和就业的权利,以降低社会的不公平感,例如通过建立完善的就业平台减少招聘双方信息不对称与地域流动限制的情况;促进失业救济体系的完善以使低收入者能够更好地找到自己满意的工作,而不是由于失业机会成本太高而勉强就业。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 38, + 39 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 38, + 39 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "、" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "和" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 112, + 113 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 112, + 113 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3153, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "因此,我们提出了假设9。", + "reference": "因此,我们提出了假设9。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3155, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "法经济学", + "title": "公用事业企业公司治理的法经济学分析", + "source": "在建立国资委对国有资产进行管理后,公司改革的重点逐渐从原有的产权制度转向其他公司内部治理结构,关于董事会、监事会,激励机制等的政策法规也纷纷出台,2003年,国资委出台了《中央企业负责人业绩考核暂行办法》,对央企薪酬制度进行规范;2004年开始在高新科技央企进行股权激励试点工作,大大丰富了激励机制的内容和形式。", + "reference": "随着国资委的建立对国有资产进行管理,公司改革的焦点逐渐从原有的产权制度转向公司内部治理结构,包括董事会、监事会和激励机制等方面的政策法规也相继推出。2003年,国资委发布了《中央企业负责人业绩考核暂行办法》,规范了央企的薪酬制度;自2004年起,开始在高新技术央企实施股权激励试点,进一步丰富了激励机制的内容和形式。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 2 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "在", + "建", + "立" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "随", + "着" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 6, + 6 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 5, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的", + "建", + "立" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 15, + 16 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 17, + 17 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "后" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 23, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "重" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "焦" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 36, + 38 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 37, + 37 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "其", + "他" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 47, + 49 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 46, + 48 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "关", + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ 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"只要符合瑞典社会福利制度的申请标准,那么所有公民都可以获得相同的福利待遇,并不会有人能够得到特别照顾,而在这样一种广泛并且公平的社会福利制度下,一些诈骗、偷盗等等负面的现象通常不会发生,这也有助于政府对于社会的治理。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 76, + 77 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 76, + 77 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3157, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "基于空间计量模型的昆明市住房特征价格研究", + "source": "特征价格模型在国外一直是被称为“享乐模型”(hedonic model)。", + "reference": "特征价格模型在国外一直被称为“享乐模型”(hedonic model)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 11 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3159, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "再者从《政治经济学批判•导言》的文本关联来看,而且马克思的《政治经济学批判•导言》是马克思出版《政治经济学批判》即《1857——1858年经济学手稿》(又称《资本论》初稿)而撰写的一篇导言。", + "reference": "再者从《政治经济学批判•导言》的文本关联来看,马克思的《政治经济学批判•导言》是马克思出版《政治经济学批判》即《1857——1858年经济学手稿》(又称《资本论》初稿)而撰写的一篇导言。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 23, + 25 + ], 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"房价与房龄(A)和距CBD距离(D)均呈负相关关系,说明房龄越大商品房房价越低,即旧房往往比新房房价低;小区的房价随着距离市中心距离的增加而递减,并且距离对房价的影响通过了显著性检验(均通过了1%水平的显著性检验)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 19, + 20 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 19, + 19 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3205, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "对加班问题的政治经济学分析", + "source": "第一,经济条件有限的劳动者正常的工作时间下得不到满意的报酬,所以只能通过加班获得更多的报酬。", + "reference": "第一,经济条件有限的劳动者在正常的工作时间得不到满意的报酬,所以只能通过加班获得更多的报酬。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 13, + 13 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 21, + 21 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "下" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3206, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "在对供给侧改革的认识上,从字面上可以从供给侧和结构性改革两方面进行理解,同样而言,供给侧改革的两个关键也就在于从生产力的层面和生产关系的层面进行理论分析。", + "reference": "在对供给侧改革的认识上,我们可以从字面上对供给侧和结构性改革两方面进行理解,同样,供给侧改革的两个关键也就在于从生产力和生产关系的层面进行理论分析。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 12, + 12 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 12, + 16 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "我", + "们", + "可", + "以" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 16, + 19 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "可", + "以", + "从" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "对" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 38, + 40 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 40 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "而", + "言" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 59, + 62 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 59, + 59 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "层", + "面" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3207, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "技术经济及管理", + "title": "基于空间计量经济学的我国能源效率影响因素研究", + "source": "已有文献关于对外开放度对能源效率的影响结论不同,一部分学者认为对外开放度的提升有助于提高能源效率。", + "reference": "已有文献关于对外开放度对能源效率的影响结论有所不同,一部分学者认为对外开放度的提升有助于提高能源效率。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 21, + 21 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 21, + 23 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"这一体制虽然在客观上保证了能源在全国范围内的有效供给,为我国经济社会的快速发展提供了坚强后盾,但也造成了竞争缺失、效率低下、产能过剩等问题。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 43, + 44 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 43, + 44 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "強" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "强" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3221, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "理论经济学", + "title": "科技进步驱动经济发展的政治经济学分析", + "source": "中国特色社会主义进入新时代,习近平总书记科学准确地把科技进步的地位和作用提升到了一个新高度,科技创新是驱动我国经济发展的新引擎,抓住了创新,就抓住了牵动经济社会发展全局的‘牛鼻子’。", + "reference": "中国特色社会主义进入新时代,习近平总书记科学准确地把科技进步的地位和作用提升到了一个新高度,科技创新是驱动我国经济发展的新引擎,抓住了创新,就抓住了牵动经济社会发展全局的“牛鼻子”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 85, + 86 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 85, + 86 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "‘" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "“" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 89, + 90 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 89, + 90 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "’" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "”" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3223, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动理论的政治经济学分析", + "source": "相对剩余价值是在缩小必要劳动时间、相对地延长剩余劳动时间的情况下产生的,只有在绝对剩余价值生产的基础上用各种方法缩短必要劳动时间才能够进行。", + "reference": "相对剩余价值是在缩小必要劳动时间、相对地延长剩余劳动时间��情况下产生的,只有在绝对剩余价值生产的基础上用各种方法缩短必要劳动时间才能够进行。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3224, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思经济伦理思想及其当代价值研究", + "source": "在马克思的理论找那个,人类社会形态经历了三大历史阶段。", + "reference": "在马克思的理论中,人类社会形态经历了三大历史阶段。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 7, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 7, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "找", + "那", + "个" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "中" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3225, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "技术经济及管理", + "title": "基于空间计量经济学的我国能源效率影响因素研究", + "source": "虽然“结构红利假说”为解释产业结构对能源效率的影响提供了较好的理论依据,且总体来看,第三产业比第二产业的能耗小,能源利用效率高,但现实生活中,由于经济系统间的相互作用,产业结构对能源效率的影响更为复杂,从实证角度进行分析对产业政策的制定有一定的借鉴意义。", + "reference": "虽然“结构红利假说”为解释产业结构对能源效率的影响提供了较好的理论依据,从总体来看,第三产业比第二产业的能耗小,能源利用效率高,但现实生活中,由于经济系统间的相互作用,产业结构对能源效率的影响更为复杂,从实证角度进行分析对产业政策的制定有一定的借鉴意义。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 36, + 37 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ 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"以现代信息技术支持下的生产性服务业为例,大数据技术服务的提供能够帮助企业较为准确地判断消费偏好、市场需求量以及商品的价格走势,使企业更好地做出生产计划以及防范风险的策略,提高竞争力;高效的供应链服务体系通过加速商品和原材料的流通,防范企业因存货周转出现问题而导致生产停滞,提高了资本周转速度,增强了盈利能力。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3250, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动的政治经济学批判", + "source": "孟飞和程榕根据前人的研究而确认了数字劳动的两种形式区分,即数字劳动既指雇佣形式的“有酬数字劳���”和非雇佣形式的“无酬数字劳动”的统一,又指“数字技术为终端的社交媒介或互联网领域内的数据信息劳动范式”。", + "reference": "孟飞和程榕在前人研究的基础上,明确了数字劳动的两种形式:一方面,数字劳动包括雇佣形式的“有酬数字劳动”和非雇佣形式的“无酬数字劳动”;另一方面,它也指“以数字技术为终端的社交媒介或互联网领域内的数据信息劳动范式”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 5, + 7 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 5, + 6 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "根", + "据" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 9, + 15 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 17 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "研", + "究", + "而", + "确", + "认" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "研", + "究", + "的", + "基", + "础", + 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"反馈效应是指一个地区解释变量的影响会传递给临近地区且临近地区的影响又会传回这个地区。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 26, + 27 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 26, + 27 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "领" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "临" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3261, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动理论的政治经济学分析", + "source": "网页设计的目的就是能够清晰的向浏览者传递信息,使浏览者能够方便、快捷的找到自己想要找到的东西,并在视觉、操作上有良好的体验。", + "reference": "网页设计的目的就是能够清晰的向浏览者传递信息,使浏览者能够方便、快捷的找到自己想要找到的东西,并在视觉、操作上有良好的体验。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3262, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动理论的政治经济学分析", + "source": "哈特和奈格里的非物质劳动理论就是为了分析现代资本主义社会劳动形式变化的一种尝试,为数字劳动理论的研究与发展提供了重要的理论素材。", + "reference": "哈特和奈格里的非物质劳动理论正是为了分析现代资本主义社会劳动形式变化的一种尝试,为数字劳动理论的研究与发展提供了重要的理论素材。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 15 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 14, + 15 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "就" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "正" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3263, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "从图4-5中我们可以看到,通过横向比较来看,监督范围为“5”时组内的合作水平一般会达到最高,但是在监督范围“4”下的合作水平也较高,因此我们可以适当的降低监督范围,藉此避免资金的过度浪费;而通过纵向比较来看,s=1.2的惩罚水平下的合作水平较高,这个结果与现实生活中食品安全问题中企业的合作行为类似,因为s=1.2的惩罚水平类似于赔偿性惩罚制度。", + "reference": "从图4-5中我们可以看到,通过横向比较来看,监督范围为“5”时组内的合作水平一般会达到最高,但是在监督范围“4”下的合作水平也较高,因此我们可以适当地降低监督范围,藉此避免资金的过度浪费;而通过纵向比较来看,s=1.2的惩罚水平下的合作水平较高,这个结果与现实生活中食品安全问题中企业的合作行为类似,因为s=1.2的惩罚水平类似于赔偿性惩罚制度。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 74, + 75 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 74, + 75 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3265, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "二是投资结构和投资方向不合理的问题,致使发生结构性不足和过剩并存。", + "reference": "二是投资结构和投资方向不合理,导致出现了结构性不足和过剩并存的问题。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 22 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 14, + 20 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "问", + "题", + ",", + "致", + "使", + "发", + "生" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + ",", + "导", + "致", + "出", + "现", + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 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"中国特色社会主义制度下,发展社会主义市场经济是人类有史以来在经济领域实践的伟大创举,但也正因为是创举,所以没有什么成熟的经验可供参考。", + "reference": "中国特色社会主义制度下,发展社会主义市场经济是人类有史以来在经济领域的伟大创举,但也正因为是创举,所以没有什么成熟的经验可供参考。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 34, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 34, + 34 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "实", + "践" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3269, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动理论的政治经济学分析", + "source": "他们在《帝国——全球化的政治秩序》的序言中写道:“占据统治地位的生产过程的自身变化,流通渠道的建设和对新的全球流通的限定相伴随,结果是工业化的工厂的劳动在减少,其优先地位让位给交流性的、合作性的、富有情感的劳动”。", + "reference": "他们在《帝国——全球化的政治秩序》的序言中写道:“占据统治地位的生产过程的自身变化,流通渠道的建设和对新的全球流通的限定相伴随,结果是工业化的工厂劳动在减少,其优先地位让位于交流性、合作性、富有情感的劳动”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 41, + 42 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 41, + 42 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 63, + 64 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 63, + 64 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 73, + 74 + ], + "tgt_interval": 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"综上所述,已有的一些研究虽然注意到民营企业进入公用事业存在制度性壁垒,但仍然缺乏系统研究,而且主要是探讨正式制度壁垒,对非正式制度壁垒的研究更不多见。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 32, + 32 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 32, + 33 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "壁" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3275, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动的政治经济学批判", + "source": "就数字劳动自身发展而言,个人通信设备和互联网相结合,各种软件APP成为信息和数据的“提取器”,网络成为信息和数据的来源,数据成为企业与员工、客户、和其他资本家关系的核心。", + "reference": "就数字劳动的自身发展而言,个人通信设备和互联网的结合使得各类软件应用成为信息和数据的主要“提取器”。网络成为了信息和数据的重要来源���而数据本身则成为了企业与员工、客户以及其他资本家之间关系的核心要素。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 5, + 5 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 5, + 6 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 23, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "相" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 25, + 28 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 26, + 30 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + ",", + "各", + "种" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "使", + "得", + "各", + "类" + ] + }, + { + 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growth)”、“包容性增长”的理念,体现在《世界发展报告2006:公平与发展》中。", + "reference": "1990年,世界银行提出了“广泛基础的增长”,于21世纪初期又提出“对穷人友善的增长(pro—poor growth)”、“包容性增长”的理念,体现在《世界发展报告2006:公平与发展》中。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 1 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 0 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "在" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3301, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "通过实验数据的分析,为食品安全监管提出了完善建议。", + "reference": "通过对实验数据的分析,为完善食品安全监管提出了建议。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 2, + 2 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 2, + 3 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "对" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 11, + 22 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 12, + 23 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "食", + "品", + "安", + "全", + "监", + "管", + "提", + "出", + "了", + "完", + "善" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "完", + "善", + "食", + "品", + "安", + "全", + "监", + "管", + "提", + "出", + "了" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3302, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": 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"其思想内容全面,在研究时,应具有联系发展的学术眼光,既要总体的研究其思想体系的逻辑结构,又要随时代的发展扩展其思想的宽度。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3311, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "电子商务平台企业间Lotk...竞争模型研究及其经济学解释", + "source": "对于市场的网络外部性这一概念,从David(1985),Katz and Shapiro(1985),Farrell and Saloner(1985)等时期已经开始了广泛的研究。", + "reference": "对于市场的网络外部性这一概念,从David(1985),Katz and Shapiro(1985),Farrell and Saloner(1985)等已经开始了广泛的研究。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 73, + 75 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 73, + 73 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "时", + "期" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3312, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "人工智能对劳动力就业影响的政治经济学分析", + "source": "这主要因为机器自动化技术虽然会挤压工人,但也会创造出新的岗位(Acemoglu,2018),比如专门研发生产机器的部门(马克思,2004)。", + "reference": "这主要是因为机器自动化技术虽然会挤压工人,但也会创造出新的岗位(Acemoglu,2018),比如专门研发生产机器的部门(马克思,2004)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 3, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 3, + 4 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "是" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 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+ "reference": "因为他的劳动价值理论具有双重观点,所以他的工资理论也就不可避免地产生了双重观点。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 31, + 32 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 31, + 32 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3315, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "经济高质量发展的政治经济学分析", + "source": "虽然使用价值相对于价值来说具有客观物质性,但在本质上反映的是人与物的关系,因此使用价值的质量方面就表现为物能够满足人需求的程度。", + "reference": "虽然使用价值相对于价值来说具有客观物质性,但在本质上反映的是人与物之间的关系,因此使用价值的质量方面就表现为物能够满足人需求的程度。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 33, + 33 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 33, + 35 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "之", + "间" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3316, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "新闻传播学", + "title": "传播政治经济学视域下社区电商平台的非雇佣数字劳工研究", + "source": "本论文从传播政治经济学视角研究社区电商平台中的非雇佣数字劳工及其劳动,主要考察社区电商平台的用户及其传播行为,分析其身份特征、劳动动因与劳动形式,探讨web2.0时代用户劳动语境下社区电商的平台特征及劳工处境。", + "reference": "本论文从传播政治经济学视角研究社区电商平台中的非雇佣数字劳工及其劳动,主要考察社区电商平台的用户及其传播行为,分析其身份特征、劳动动因与劳动形式,探讨web2.0时代用户劳动语境下社区电商的平台特征及劳工处境。", + "edit": [] + }, 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"资本在古典增长理论和新古典增长理论中,主要指的是物质资本,直到新增长理论提出后,舒尔茨把资本分为常规资本和人力资本两种形式,所谓人力资本,指的是是在个体身上存在的,在人们接受一定的教育和培训之后,在个体身上产生的知识和技术的积累,但是这种资本只受个体自身的支配。", + "reference": "在古典增长理论和新古典增长理论中,资本主要指的是物质资本,直到新增长理论提出后,舒尔茨把资本分为常规资本和人力资本两种形式,所谓人力资本,指的是在个体身上存在的,在人们接受一定的教育和培训之后,在个体身上产生的知识和技术的积累,但是这种资本只受个体自身的支配。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 19 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 19 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "资", + "本", + "在", + "古", + "典", + "增", + "长", + "理", + "论", + "和", + "新", + "古", + "典", + "增", + "长", + "理", + "论", + "中", + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "在", + "古", + "典", + "增", + "长", + "理", + "论", + "和", + "新", + "古", + "典", + "增", + "长", + "理", + "论", + "中", + ",", + "资", + "本" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 71, + 72 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 71, + 71 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3336, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探究", + "source": "丹麦的残疾人护理服务也做的非常好,政府会专门为残疾人提供上门的护理服务,帮助购买合适的假肢以及轮椅,并且为残疾人提供相关的生活以及技能培训,而不是给残疾人发放工资。", + "reference": "丹麦的残疾人护理服务也做得非常好,政府会专门为残疾人提供上门的护理服务,帮助购买合适的假肢以及轮椅,并且为残疾人提供相关的生活以及技能培训,而不是给残疾人发放工资。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 12, + 13 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 12, + 13 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "得" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3340, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "法经济学", + "title": "公用事业企业公司治理的法经济学分析", + "source": "关于公司治理的研究国外最早可以追溯到19世纪对公司起源的探讨,学者们在对企业性质探讨的同时也对公司治理理论进行了完善与发展,前期学者们主要从法学理论出发对公司治理进行研究,后续随着企业理论的不断发展,经济学理论开始引入公司治理体系中,公司治理的经济学理论得到了迅速发展。", + "reference": "关于公司治理的研究,对公司起源的探讨国外最早可以追溯到19世纪,学者们在对企业性质探讨的同时也对公司治理理论进行了完善与发展,前期学者们主要从法学理论出发对公司治理进行研究,后续随着企业理论的不断发展,经济学理论开始引入公司治理体系中,公司治理的经济学理论得到了迅速发展。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 9, + 30 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 9, + 31 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "国", + "外", + "最", + "早", + "可", + "以", + "追", + "溯", + "到", + "1", + "9", + "世", + "纪", + "对", + "公", + "司", + "起", + "源", + "的", + "探", + "讨" + ], 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"先验伦理学的开创者——康德,对斯密所讲的社会经济的自利行为的价值性进行了解读,站在康德哲学的视角上,自利行为不可能导致整个社会受一只“看不见的手”的引领,实现和谐,因为自利行为实际上基于自然性,自然不等于自由。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 14, + 36 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "进", + "行", + "了", + "对", + "斯", + "密", + "所", + "讲", + "的", + "社", + "会", + "经", + "济", + "的", + "自", + "利", + "行", + "为", + "的", + "价", + "值", + "性" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "对", + "斯", + "密", + "所", + "讲", + "的", + "社", + "会", + "经", + "济", + "的", + "自", + "利", + "行", + "为", + "的", + "价", + "值", + "性", + "进", + "行", + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 85, + 86 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 85, + 86 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "发" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "利" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3350, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探究", + "source": "老年人活动中心主要是为老年人创造一个业余生活的场地,供老年人享受理发,健身,饮食,旅游等服务。", + "reference": "老年人活动中心主要是为老年人创造一个业余生活的场地,供老年人享受理发、健身、饮食、旅游等服务。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 34, + 35 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 34, 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"reference": "根据表5.7输出结果显示,2000-2014年间各生产部门节点的相对中心度值排名前十的产业主要包括以下13个节点:化学品及化学制品的制造-德国,未另分类的机械和设备的制造、机械和设备的修理和安装-德国,橡胶和塑料制品的制造-德国,化学品及化学制品的制造-美国,基本金属的制造-德国,采矿和采石-俄罗斯,电力设备的制造-德国,纺织品、服装、皮革和相关产品的制造-德国,未另分类的机械和设备的制造、机械和设备的修理和安装-德国,橡胶和塑料制品的制造-美国,计算机、电子产品和光学产品的制造-美国,纺织品、服装、皮革和相关产品的制造-意大利,陆路运输以及管道运输-俄罗斯,化学品及化学制品的制造-荷兰,计算机、电子产品和光学产品的制造-中国,纺织品、服装、皮革和相关产品的制造-中国,金属制品的制造(机械设备除外)-德国,焦炭和精炼石油产品的制造-美国,电力设备的制造-中国。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 23, + 24 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 23, + 24 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "间" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 34, + 36 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 34, + 34 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "中", + "间" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 274, + 275 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 272, + 274 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "与" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "以", + "及" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3379, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义理论", + "title": "马克思经济发展理论视阈下我国经济高质量发展研究", + "source": "在中观层面,经济高质量发展是始终以新发展理念为引领推动中观产业结构优化升级的发展。", + "reference": "在中观层面,经济高质量发展始终以新发展理念为引领推动中观产业结构优化升级。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 13, + 13 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 37, + 40 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 36, + 36 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "发", + "展" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3380, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于层次分析法的住房抵押贷款证券化风险因素研究", + "source": "本章运用AHP方法分析研究影响MBS的风险因素问题,将定性判断与定量实证相结合,通过调查、实证、检验、分析等流程的操作,最终获取每一风险因素的权重大小及其排序。", + "reference": "本章运用AHP方法分析研究影响MBS的风险因素问题,将定性判断与定量实证相结合,通过调查、实证、检验、分析等流程的操作,最终获取每一风险因素的权重大小及其排序。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3382, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动", + "title": "改革开放以来我国所有制结构改革的马克思主义政治经济学分析", + "source": "我们不仅要看到生产资料的所有关系,还要看到它的占有、支配和使用关系,所有权、占有权、支配权和使用权的分离和重组拓宽了公有制的实现形式,为我们探索承包经营、合作制、股份制提供了理论依据;区分了现实经济关系的所有制与法律形态上的所有制。", + "reference": "我们不仅要看到生产资料的所有关系,还要看到它的占有、支配和使用关系。所有权、占有权、支配权和使用权的分离与重组,拓宽了公有制的实现形式,为我们探索承包经营、合作制、股份制提供了理论依据;同时也区分了现实经济关系的所有制与法律形态上的所有制。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 33, + 34 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 33, + 34 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 52, + 53 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 52, + 53 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "和" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "与" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 55, + 55 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 55, + 56 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 92, + 92 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 93, + 96 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "同", + "时", + "也" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3384, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "经济史", + "title": "民国时期山东水旱灾害的经济学研究", + "source": "其次,山东往复遭受水旱灾害的侵袭,几乎无年不灾,善于总结经验的中国劳动人民早就意识到了水灾和旱灾的形势严峻,但是因为整体社会发展阶段的束缚,他们无法脱离破坏自然为代价的农业经济模式。", + "reference": "其次,山东往复遭受水旱灾害的侵袭,几乎无年不灾,善于总结经验的中国劳动人民早就意识到了水灾和旱灾的严重性,但是因为整体社会发展的束缚,他们无法脱离以破坏自然为代价的农业经济模式。", 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"我们只有以历史的角度,从其形成的整个过程才能完整地理解和准确地把握马克思所有制概念的含义:(1)所有制概念源于对私有财产的重新认识。", + "reference": "我们只有从历史的角度,从其形成的整个过程才能完整地理解和准确地把握马克思所有制概念的含义:(1)所有制概念源于对私有财产的重新认识。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 4, + 5 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 4, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "以" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "从" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3390, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "新闻传播学", + "title": "传播政治经济学视域下社区电商平台的非雇佣数字劳工研究", + "source": "“小红书”的用户量超过三亿,月活跃量达1亿,其社区内容涉及范围最广;“得物”的用户超过1亿,平台定位侧重于运动潮流,其社区的数据收集形式最为丰富;“蘑菇街”则在直播这一传播形式上表现突出,该平台运营围绕直播业务展开。", + "reference": "“小红书”的用户量超过3亿,月活跃量达1亿,其社区内容涉及范围最广;“得物”的用户超过1亿,平台定位侧重于运动潮流,其社区的数据收集形式最为丰富;“蘑菇街”则在直播这一传播形式上表现突出,该平台运营围绕直播业务展开。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "三" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "3" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3391, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "要实现上诉的五个方面需要积极的发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,同时按照市场导向的要求来规范政府的权利,处理好坚持公有制的主体地位不动摇和市场在资源配置决定作用的二者统一,以有形之手引导无形之手。", + "reference": "要实现上述的五个方面,需要积极地发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,同时按照市场导向的要求来规范政府的权利,处理好坚持公有制的主体地位不动摇和市场在资源配置决定作用的二者统一,以有形之手引导无形之手。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 4, + 5 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 4, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "诉" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "述" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 10, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 10, + 11 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 15 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 15, + 16 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3393, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "河北省产业结构与生态环境的协调发展研究", + "source": "(二)对产业结构变化的环境效应研究较为丰富,但所涉及到定量研究的方法较少。", + "reference": "(二)对产业结构变化的环境效应研究较为丰富,但所涉及的定量研究的方法较少。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 26, + 27 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 26, + 27 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "到" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + } + ] 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"成都经济区目前推进空间经济一体化过程中,遇到的主要问题有三个,其一是核心城市经济增速下滑,产业转型势在必行,有力承接来自成都的产业转移不仅能为成都经济带来活力,更能带动周边其他城市的发展,但目前成都经济区内各城市产业发展情况参差不齐,产业质量低,难以进行有效承接;其二是成都经济区内部核心城市和次级城市之间发展差距过大,次级城市发挥承担区域经济发展“多点多极”中增长极的作用;其三是由于要素集聚作用,优势资源不断涌入区域中心城市成都,扩散效应不足使得成都与周边城市发展差距越来越大。", + "reference": "成都经济区在推进空间经济一体化过程中,遇到的主要问题有三个。其一是核心城市经济增速下滑,产业转型势在必行。有力承接来自成都的产业转移不仅能为成都经济带来活力,更能带动周边其他城市的发展,但目前成都经济区内各城市产业发展情况参差不齐,产业质量低,难以进行有效承接;其二是成都经济区内部核心城市和次级城市之间发展差距过大,次级城市发挥承担区域经济发展“多点多极”中增长极的作用;其三是由于要素集聚作用,优势资源不断涌入区域中心城市成都,扩散效应不足使得成都与周边城市发展差距越来越大。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 5, + 7 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 5, + 6 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "目", + "前" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 30, + 31 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 29, + 30 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 53, + 54 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 52, + 53 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3430, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "经济史", + "title": "民国时期山东水旱灾害的经济学研究", + "source": "《荏平县志》载,“秋黄河决堤于鲁西,被灾者及十四县,人口达百五十余万,省令分向各县就食,荏邑供养三千五百灾民......”。", + "reference": "《荏平县志》载,“秋黄河决堤于鲁西,被灾者及十四县,人口达百五十余万,省令分向各县就食,荏邑供养三千五百灾民......”。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3431, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探究", + "source": "社会解放是指在劳动社会不断发展的过程,劳动分工和私有财产会不断被消除,社会中的劳动关系越来越和谐。", + "reference": "社会解放是指在劳动社会不断发展的过程中,劳动分工和私有财产会不断被消除,社会中的劳动关系越来越和谐。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 18, + 18 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 18, + 19 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "中" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3432, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "中国当下实行的按劳分配为主体,多种所有制分配制度具有重大的优越性,按劳分配为主体的分配制度不仅是实现中国社会主义根本原则,即实现共同富裕的保障,而且在当下的社会主义市场中实现了效率与公平的统一。", + "reference": "中国当下实行的以按劳分配为主体,多种所有制分配制度具有重大的优越性,按劳分配为主体的分配��度不仅是实现中国特色社会主义根本原则,即实现共同富裕的保障,而且在当下的社会主义市场中实现了效率与公平的统一。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 7, + 7 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 7, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "以" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 52, + 52 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 53, + 55 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "特", + "色" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3434, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "基于空间计量模型的昆明市住房特征价格研究", + "source": "通过利用空间自回归模型(SAR)和空间误差模型(SEM)对传统的特征价格模型进行了改进,重新估价房价影响因素,得出了以下几点结论。", + "reference": "通过应用空间自回归模型(SAR)和空间误差模型(SEM)对传统特征价格模型进行改进,我们重新评估了影响房价的因素,并得出以下结论。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 2, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 2, + 3 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "利" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "应" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 31, + 32 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 31, + 31 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 39, + 39 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "了" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 44, + 44 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 42, + 44 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "我", + "们" + 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+ { + "id": 3436, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "区域经济学", + "title": "基于空间计量模型的昆明市住房特征价格研究", + "source": "对上述模型采用SPSS软件进行线性回归估计,计量结果如表5.3所示。", + "reference": "对上述模型采用SPSS软件进行线性回归估计,计量结果如表5.3所示。", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 3437, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "技术经济及管理", + "title": "基于空间计量经济学的我国能源效率影响因素研究", + "source": "(2)从间接效应的角度来看,市场化程度和能源结构變量均通过了显著性检验,说明一个省份市场化程度的提高和能源结构的优化会对周边省份能源效率的提升产生显著的溢出效应,进行市场化改革,提高电力和新能源在能源消费中的比重是提升我国能源效率的有效方式。", + "reference": "(2)从间接效应的角度来看,市场化程度和能源结构变量均通过了显著性检验,说明一个省份市场化程度的提高和能源结构的优化会对周边省份能源效率的提升产生显著的溢出效应,进行市场化改革,提高电力和新能源在能源消费中的比重是提升我国能源效率的有效方式。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 3 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "(", + "2", + ")" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "(", + "2", + ")" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 24, + 25 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 24, + 25 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "變" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "变" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3438, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "电子商务平台企业间Lotk...竞争模型研究及其经济学解释", + "source": "2014年第三季度,京东商城已经成经成为中国自营电商市场里面占比超过50%的电子商务平台企业。", + "reference": "2014年第三季度,京东商城已经成为在中国自营电商市场里占比超过50%的电子商务平台企业。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 15, + 17 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 15, + 15 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "经", + "成" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 20, + 20 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 18, + 19 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 29, + 30 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 28, + 28 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "面" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3439, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义发展史", + "title": "马克思主义政治经济学视域下的数字劳动研究", + "source": "然而农民却不占有或很少占有土地,他们要从事农业生产、维持生活就必须向地主租种土地,长期忍受地主的压迫,就这样农民被紧紧的束缚在封建土地制度下成为地主的附庸,因此,地主阶级和农民阶级之间的矛盾是封建社会的主要矛盾。", + "reference": "然而农民却不占有或很少占有土地,他们要从事农业生产、维持生活就必须向地主租种土地,长期忍受地主的压迫,就这样农民被紧紧的束缚在封建土地制度下成为地主的附庸。因此,地主阶级和农民阶级之间的矛盾是封建社会的主要矛盾。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 77, + 78 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 77, + 78 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3441, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "新闻传播学", + "title": "传播政治经济学视域下社区电商平台的非雇佣数字劳工研究", + "source": "本论文的研究对象是社区电商平台的用户。", + "reference": "本论文的研究对象集中在社区电商平台的用户上。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 11 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "集", + "中", + "在" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 18, + 18 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "上" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3445, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "技术经济及管理", + "title": "基于空间计量经济学的我国能源效率影响因素研究", + "source": "反映对外开放度的變量通过了10%的显著性检验,但其系数为负。", + "reference": "反映对外开放度的变量通过了10%的显著性检验,但其系数为负。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "變" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "变" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3448, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探��", + "source": "特别是在知识经济条件下,要素的作用是否能够得到充分发挥,更加需要依靠人力资本作用是否发挥充分,人力资本在生产中的作用越来越重要。", + "reference": "特别是在知识经济条件下,要素能否充分发挥作用,越来越依赖于人力资本,人力资本在生产中的作用越来越重要。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 14, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 14, + 16 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "作", + "用", + "是", + "否", + "能", + "够", + "得", + "到" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "能", + "否" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 27, + 34 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 20, + 29 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + ",", + "更", + "加", + "需", + "要", + "依", + "靠" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "作", + "用", + ",", + "越", + "来", + "越", + "依", + "赖", + "于" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 38, + 46 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 33, + 33 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "作", + "用", + "是", + "否", + "发", + "挥", + "充", + "分" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3449, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动的政治经济学批判", + "source": "时至今日,“人类社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,但马克思主义所阐述的一般原理整个来说仍然是完全正确的。”", + "reference": "时至今日,“人类社会发生了翻天覆地的变化,但总体而言,马克思主义所阐述的一般原理仍然保持着其正确性”。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 22 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 22, + 27 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "总", + "体", + "而", + "言", + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 35, + 39 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 40 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "整", + "个", + "来", + "说" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 41, + 44 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 42, + 46 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是", + "完", + "全" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "保", + "持", + "着", + "其" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 46, + 49 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 48, + 51 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + "。", + "”" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "性", + "”", + "。" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3450, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义哲学", + "title": "马克思生产关系理论视野下的供给侧改革", + "source": "而有些西化学者盲目的把中国经济建设取得的成就鼓吹为对西方经济学的借鉴,把西方社会的生产和发展模式当作理想的生产模式,在理论上和现实是都是站不住脚的。", + "reference": "而有些西化学者盲目地把中国经济建设取得的成就鼓吹为对西方经济学的借鉴,把西方社会的生产和发展模式当作理想的生产模式,在理论上和现实中都是站不住脚的。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 9, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 9, + 10 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 65, + 66 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 65, + 66 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "中" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3451, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动的政治经济学批判", + "source": "就数字劳动本身而言,数字劳动首先是劳动一般,他具有劳动的一般特性和一般要素。", + "reference": "就数字劳动本身而言,数字劳动首先是劳动一般,它具有劳动的一���特性和一般要素。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "他" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "它" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3452, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "税务", + "title": "有限识别力、间接税归宿与消费差距容忍度研究", + "source": "虽然个体生活在相同的真实社会中,但是由于既往的经历、接收的信息甚至是对情境的感知都是有所差异的,这种就是“锚定效应”(卡尼曼,2012)。", + "reference": "虽然个体生活在相同的真实社会中,但是由于既往的经历、接收的信息甚至是对情境的感知都是有所差异的,这种现象就是“锚定效应”(卡尼曼,2012)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 50, + 50 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 50, + 52 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "现", + "象" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3453, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "法经济学", + "title": "公用事业企业公司治理的法经济学分析", + "source": "综上所述,公用事业企业市场化并不是意味着一味的支持民营企业进入,而是要保持一定的度,国有资本不能盲目的退出公用事业企业领域,要结合公用事业企业领域各业务特性适当的引入竞争机制来调节市场,但目前对于国有资本要退出到什么程度的问题,并没有达成一致,从而也造成了公用事业企业市场化改革的阻碍。", + "reference": "综上所述,公用事业企业市场化并不意味着一味地支持民营企业进入,而是要保持一定的度,国有资本不能盲目地退出公用事业企业领域,要结合公用事业企业领域各业务特性适当地引入竞争机制来调节市场,但目前对于国有资本要退出到什么程度的问题,并没有达成一致,从而也造成了公用事业企业市场化改革的阻碍。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 16, + 17 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 16, + 16 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 23 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 21, + 22 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "地" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 50, + 51 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 49, + 50 + ], 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"reference": "根据实验结果来看,我们发现随着惩罚水平的增加和监督范围的扩大,个体的合作水平都会逐渐提高,也就是说惩罚水平和监督范围与合作���平均成正相关关系,这样就证实了假设七和假设八。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 6, + 6 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 6, + 8 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "来", + "看" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3459, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "马克思主义基本原理", + "title": "数字劳动理论的政治经济学分析", + "source": "他把信息看作是认知、交流与合作的过程,在此过程中,人类通过认识世界,象征性的与处于社会关系中的他人互动和协作并以此进行沟通,从而形成并改变自己的观念,创造了新的特质的社会。", + "reference": "他认为信息是认知、交流与合作的过程,在这一过程中,人类通过理解世界,与社会关系中的他人进行象征性互动和协作,从而实现沟通。这不仅塑造并改变了个人的观念,也创造了社会新的特质。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 1, + 2 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 1, + 3 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "把" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "认", + "为" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 4, + 6 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 5, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "看", + "作" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 20, + 21 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 19, + 21 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "此" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "这", + "一" + ] + }, + { + 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"Pomeranz(2000)、Shiue和Kelly(2007)等人则将李约瑟之谜的研究内容做进一步的拓展与讨论,提出以下疑问:18世纪中期的时候,当时的中国与欧洲的西方国家在经济发展水平上是旗鼓相当的,但是为什么后来的发展方向完全不一样?基于此,本文对李约瑟之谜的概念进行了划分,根据研究问题的方向将谜题分为广义与狭义:“狭义的李约瑟之谜”即紧扣李约瑟于1954年《中国科学技术史》一书出版时首次提出的疑问,主要是关于中国和西欧的科学发展差异;而“广义的李约瑟之谜”则是狭义李约瑟之谜的进一步深化,随着国内外学者对于这一问题的深入,研究的问题也不仅仅停留在中国和西欧的科技发展问题,而是逐渐扩展到中国和西欧的经济发展分流、工业革命为什么没有率先发生在中国、中国为什么没有走上资本主义的道路等问题。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 46, + 46 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 46, + 47 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "做" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 119, + 123 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 120, + 123 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "综", + "上", + "所", + "述" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "基", + "于", + "此" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 207, + 209 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 207, + 210 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "关", + "注" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "是", + "关", + "于" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 219, + 219 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 220, + 222 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "差", + "异" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3461, 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"本章主要对水旱灾害防减灾产品投资的必要性和最优规模做出了灾害经济学的分析���断,当灾害的发生成本曲线与机会成本曲线相交时便是投资的最优点。", + "reference": "本章主要通过对水旱灾害防减灾产品投资的必要性和最优规模做出了灾害经济学的分析判断。分析表明,当灾害的发生成本曲线与机会成本曲线相交时便是投资的最优点。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 4, + 4 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 4, + 6 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "通", + "过" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 38, + 38 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 45 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。", + "分", + "析", + "表", + "明" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3464, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "人工智能对劳动力就业影响的政治经济学分析", + "source": "有学者基于人工智能原理来对其定义,认为是一种通过计算机硬件和相应程序来模拟人脑功能的技术。", + "reference": "有学者根据人工智能的原理对其作出定义,并认为人工智能是一种利用计算机硬件及相应程序模拟人类大脑功能的技术。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 3, + 5 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 3, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "基", + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "根", + "据" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 9, + 9 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 9, + 10 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "的" + ] + }, + { + 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"中央政府和地方政府之间不存在非正式制度壁垒,这是因为政府之间存在上下级行政关系。省级政府根据中央政府的行政命令开展工作,县域级地方政府需要遵守省级政府和中央政府的政策指令,而且这几个主体在进行PPP实践和制度创新过程并没有涉及到民营企业,因此非正式制度壁垒。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 7 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 0 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "地", + "方", + "政", + "府", + "之", + "间", + "与" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 46, + 47 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 39, + 40 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "。" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 135, + 146 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 128, + 128 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "不", + "存", + "在", + "于", + "这", + "几", + "个", + "主", + "体", + "之", + "间" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3467, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "法经济学", + "title": "公用事业企业公司治理的法经济学分析", + "source": "针对我国的监事会制度,学者们首先对监事会制度是否有效进行了研究,孙敬水和孙金秀(2005),李维安,郝臣(2006)认为监事会在工作决策过程中会受到大股东的压制,从而不能发挥其应有的监督作用。", + "reference": "针对我国的监事会制度,学者们首先对监事会制度是否有效进行了探讨,孙敬水和孙金秀(2005),李维安,郝臣(2006)认为监事会在工作决策过程中会受到大股东的制约,导致不能发挥其应有的监督作用。", + "edit": [ + { + 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"Hagiu(2005)同样考虑的是平台对双边用户收取注册费的模型,主要研究分析一方用户对于产品多样性的偏好程度与平台定价之间的关系,研究结果表明一方用户对于产品多样性的偏好与平台收费之间有明显的关系,当消费者对于产品多样性的偏好比较强时,平台一般会选择从另一方产品供应商处收费,反之当消费者对于产品多样性的偏好比较弱时,平台会侧重对消费者方收费。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 40, + 41 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "边" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "方" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 97, + 99 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 97, + 97 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "相", + "关" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 3492, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "产业经济学", + "title": "全球生产网络的结构特征分析", + "source": "针对于这一目标,首先需要理清的即为我国所处的全球生产网络的结构特征到底是怎么样的。", + "reference": "针对这一目标,首先需要做的就是清晰界定我国在全球生产网络中所处位置的结构特征。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 2, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 2, + 2 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "于" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 12, + 17 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 19 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "理", + "清", + "的", + "即", + "为" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "做", + "的", + "就", + "是", + "清", 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"通过管理劳动者的‘心’,资本不仅能够以更少的抵抗来使劳动者加班,还能以更低的成本甚至是无任何薪酬的方式来使劳动者加班。”", + "edit": [] + }, + { + "id": 8020, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际关系", + "title": "北欧社会福利制度对创新的影响探究", + "source": "与欧洲其他经济体相比,瑞典,丹麦在所有7个GII支柱上的表现都高于高收入群体的平均水平。", + "reference": "与欧洲其他经济体相比,瑞典和丹麦在所有7个GII支柱上的表现均高于高收入群体的平均水平。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "和" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 30, + 31 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 30, + 31 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "都" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "均" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 8021, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "法经济学", + "title": "公用事业企业公司治理的法经济学分析", + "source": "约束机制主要是通过董事会与监事会对经营者形成监督约束作用,从而减小公用企业运营过程中的代理成本,减少代理人的逆向选择与道德风险。", + "reference": "约束机制主要是通过董事会与监事会对经营者形成监督约束作用,从而降低公用企业运营过程中的代理成本,减少代理人的逆向选择和道德风险。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 31, + 33 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 31, + 33 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "减", + "小" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + 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"控制变量把社会人口基本特征作为控制变量,包括性别(用sex表示,为分类变量,女性为1、男性为0)、民族(用nat表示,分类变量,汉族为1、少数民族为0)、婚姻状况(用marry表示,分类变量,在婚为1、不在婚为0)、是否为党员(用party表示,分类变量,党员为1,非党员为0)、互联网使用频率(用inter表示,连续变量,取值1-5,值越大表示互联网使用频率越高)、受教育程度(用health表示,连续变量,取值1-8,值越大表示受教育程度越高)、户口(用register表示,分类变量,1表示农业户口,0表示非农业户口)、居住地(用residence表示,分类变量,1表示现居住地为乡村,0表示现居住地为城市)。", + "reference": "本文选取了社会人口基本特征作为控制变量,包括性别(用 sex 表示,为分类变量,女性为 1、男性为 0)、民族(用 nat 表示,分类变量,汉族为 1、少数民族为 0)、婚姻状况(用 marry 表示,分类变量,在婚为 1、不在婚为 0)、是否为党员(用 party 表示,分类变量,党员为 1,非党员为 0)、互联网使用频率(用 inter 表示,连续变量,取值 1-5,值越大表示互联网使用频率越高)、受教育程度(用 health 表示,连续变量,取值 1-8,值越大表示受教育程度越高)、户口(用 register 表示,分类变量,1 表示农业户口,0 表示非农业户口)、居住地(用 residence 表示,分类变量,1 表示现居住地为乡村,0 表示现居住地为城市)。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 5 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 5 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "控", + "制", + "变", + "量", + "把" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "本", + "文", + "选", + "取", + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 167, + 168 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 167, + 168 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + 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"而另一种则是以克里斯蒂安·福克斯为代表的物质劳动,认为数字劳动包含数字媒介生产、流通以及使用所牵涉的脑力与体力劳动的多种形式,将数字劳动视为ICT(信息与通信技术)行业价值链��资本积累所必须的各种劳动。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 24, + 24 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 24, + 25 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 30, + 32 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 31, + 33 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "涵", + "盖" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "包", + "含" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 41, + 43 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 42, + 44 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "、", + "与" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "以", + "及" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 67, + 69 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 68, + 70 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "看", + "作" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "视", + "为" + ] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 8267, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "国际贸易学", + "title": "基于实验经济学的不同惩罚制度对合作的影响研究", + "source": "根据本节提出的理论,我们从个体动机和惩罚效应两个角度分析了惩罚制度对合作行为的影响机理,总结如图2-5所示。", + "reference": "根据本节提出的理论,我们从个体动机和惩罚效应两个角度分析了惩罚制度对合作行为的影响机制,总结如图2-5所示。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 42, + 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"“其中‘前提层面’是中国经济发展成就和世界经济发展状况的批判性审视与宏观预判,表明习近平经济思想赖以创立的实践条件或认识论前提;‘目标层面’是对中国经济发展目的的揭明,解决了当代中国经济学‘为谁生产’‘生产什么’层面的问题,体现了马克思主义政治经济学的价值取向与人民对生产品的新层次;‘实践操作层面’属于中国经济发展新阶段的新生产方式或直接行动举措,突出了当代中国经济学‘怎样生产’层面问题之重要性。”", + "reference": "“其中,‘前提层面’是对中国经济发展成就和世界经济发展状况的批判性审视与宏观预判,表明了习近平经济思想创立的实践条件或认识论前提;‘目标层面’是对中国经济发展目的的揭明,解决了当代中国经济学‘为谁生产’‘生产什么’层面的问题,体现了马克思主义政治经济学的价值取向以及人民对生产品的新层次;‘实践操作层面’属于中国经济发展新阶段的新生产方式或直接行动举措,突出了当代中国经济学‘怎样生产’层面问题的重要性。”", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 3, + 3 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 3, + 4 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "," + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 10, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 11, + 12 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "对" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 41, + 41 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 43, + 44 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "了" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 48, + 50 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 51, + 51 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "赖", + "以" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 130, + 131 + ], 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"张宗益、陈夕红等(2014)以2000-2009年数据为样本,运用shift-share方法进行研究的结果表明,当第一产业消耗的能源占比较为合理并保持稳定且要素从第二产业向第三产业流动时,会出现结构红利。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 3, + 4 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 3, + 4 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "," + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "、" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 8, + 9 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "(" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "(" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 13, + 14 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + ")" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + ")" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 66, + 68 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 66, + 66 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "消", + "费" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [] + } + ] + }, + { + "id": 8307, + "category": "经济学", + "discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "人工智能对劳动力就业影响的政治经济学分析", + "source": "基础设施水平较高可以减少交易成本,促进交易效率提升,加快劳动力在产业间流动,优化劳动力结构(董直庆蔡啸,2016),本文采用人均邮电业务量来进行衡量。", + "reference": "基础设施水平较高可以降低交易成本、促进交易效率的提高、加快劳动力在产业间流动、优化劳动力结构(董直庆蔡啸,2016),本文采用人均邮电业务量来进行衡量。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 10, + 12 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"discipline": "政治经济学", + "title": "对加班问题的政治经济学分析", + "source": "可以看到工人也是需要休息的,工人会在一定程度下去为了争取自己的休息时间而斗争。", + "reference": "显而易见,劳动者同样需要适当的休息,为了维护自己的休息权益,他们在一定程度上会采取行动进行争取。", + "edit": [ + { + "src_interval": [ + 0, + 8 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 0, + 10 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "可", + "以", + "看", + "到", + "工", + "人", + "也", + "是" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "显", + "而", + "易", + "见", + ",", + "劳", + "动", + "者", + "同", + "样" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 10, + 10 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 12, + 15 + ], + "src_tokens": [], + "tgt_tokens": [ + "适", + "当", + "的" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 12, + 17 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 17, + 32 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "的", + ",", + "工", + "人", + "会" + ], + "tgt_tokens": [ + ",", + "为", + "了", + "维", + "护", + "自", + "己", + "的", + "休", + "息", + "权", + "益", + ",", + "他", + "们" + ] + }, + { + "src_interval": [ + 22, + 38 + ], + "tgt_interval": [ + 37, + 47 + ], + "src_tokens": [ + "下", + "去", + "为", + "了", + "争", + "取", + "自", + "己", + "的", + 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