Datasets:

PleIAs
/

CommonLingua-Train

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ task_categories:
 tags:
 - language-identification
 - common-corpus
 pretty_name: CommonLingua-Train
 ---
@@ -18,70 +19,73 @@ pretty_name: CommonLingua-Train
 The training data for [PleIAs/CommonLingua](https://huggingface.co/PleIAs/CommonLingua) — a byte-level language identification model for 334 languages. **2.48 M paragraphs**, sourced exclusively from open-licensed and public-domain corpora.
 |             |       |
 ## Files
 | File | Rows | Size | Description |
 |---|---:|---:|---|
-| `train.parquet`           | 2,482,568 | 1.31 GB | Full provenance schema (12 columns) |
-| `val.parquet`             |  ~270 k   | 144 MB  | Validation split, same schema |
-| `train_text_lang.parquet` | 2,482,568 | 1.14 GB | Training-time projection (`text`, `lang`) |
-| `val_text_lang.parquet`   |  ~270 k   | 125 MB  | Same projection for val |
-The provenance files are the **canonical artefact**. The two-column projections are convenience copies for users who only want to retrain a classifier and don't care about source / license / metadata; they were derived from the provenance files at the moment training launched.
-## Schema (provenance files)
 | Column | Type | Description |
 |---|---|---|
-| `text`             | string | Paragraph text, raw UTF-8 (truncated to 512 bytes by the trainer) |
-| `lang`             | string | ISO 639-3 label (the training target) |
-| `language_method`  | string | How `lang` was assigned: `metadata` / `LLM` / `consensus` / `provenance` / `journal_provenance` / `manual_latex` |
-| `source`           | string | Top-level source identifier (e.g. `Wikipedia`, `Pralekha`, `VOA_Africa`) |
-| `identifier`       | string | Item-level identifier within the source (URL / DOI / shelfmark / file id), nullable |
-| `title`            | string | Item title, nullable |
-| `collection`       | string | Sub-collection within the source (e.g. `Voice of America`, `Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts`) |
-| `license`          | string | Per-row license string |
-| `open_type`        | string | `public_domain`, `cc_by`, `cc_by_sa`, etc. |
-| `creator`          | string | Author / organisation, nullable |
-| `date`             | string | Publication / extraction date, nullable |
-| `section_name`     | string | Sub-section within the document (e.g. Wikipedia article section), nullable |
 ## Source attribution
 | Source | Rows | License | Notes |
 |---|---:|---|---|
-| Wikipedia (raw)                  | 2,093,518 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Per-article text, sampled across language editions |
-| Wikipedia_Gemini_verified        |    93,988 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Targeted resample with Gemini per-row verification of contaminated classes |
-| Wikipedia_resample_Gemini        |    67,731 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Class-balanced resample, Gemini-verified |
-| Wikipedia_resample               |    67,624 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Class-balanced resample (consensus method) |
-| Pralekha                         |    27,042 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Indic-language paragraphs |
-| VOA Africa                       |    24,341 | Public Domain (US Federal) | Voice of America Africa-language broadcasts |
-| Common Corpus 1 v3 adversarial   |    17,953 | per-source (CC) | Hand-picked adversarial paragraphs from Common Corpus |
-| Cultural Heritage                |    16,381 | Public Domain / per-collection | Digitised cultural-heritage archives |
-| Perseus PROIEL                   |    11,638 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Classical languages (Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Church Slavonic, Gothic, …) |
-| OpenAlex (Malaysian journals)    |    10,000 | per-journal (mostly CC-BY) | Indonesian/Malay disambiguation data, journal-name provenance |
-| OpenAlex (Indonesian journals)   |    10,000 | per-journal (mostly CC-BY) | Companion to the above |
-| OpenPecha / Ambuda               |     8,317 | Public Domain / CC | Tibetan, Sanskrit |
-| Common Corpus 1 Haiku v5         |     7,497 | per-source (CC) | Haiku-validated minority-language paragraphs |
-| OpenAlex (African academic)      |     6,193 | per-journal | African academic publishing, English-heavy filtered out |
-| WaxalNLP ASR                     |     5,373 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | West African ASR transcripts |
-| eBible (Public Domain)           |     4,877 | Public Domain | Bible translations, public-domain editions only |
-| OpenAlex English                 |     2,705 | per-journal | English baseline from academic publishing |
-| Project Ben-Yehuda (Hebrew)      |     2,701 | Public Domain | Hebrew literature corpus |
-| French Research HAL              |     1,575 | per-license | French academic abstracts |
-| Sefaria Tanakh                   |       947 | Public Domain | Hebrew religious corpus |
-| Krike-Krake (Barat 1977)         |       744 | Public Domain | Tachelhit/Berber documentation |
-| OpenAlex LaTeX                   |       500 | n/a | Manually labelled `__NOT_LANGUAGE__` (LaTeX source) |
-| US-PD-Newspapers                 |       348 | Public Domain | Long-tail language samples |
-| Common Corpus Adversarial        |       243 | per-source | |
-| Geste                            |       202 | Public Domain | Old French |
-| English-PD                       |       108 | Public Domain | |
-| German-PD                        |         8 | Public Domain | |
-| French-PD-Newspapers             |         6 | Public Domain | |
-| French-PD-Books                  |         6 | Public Domain | |
-| Italian-PD                       |         2 | Public Domain | |
-Our largest source is Wikipedia. The long tail (~7 %) is what makes coverage of low-resource and ancient languages possible.
 ## Reproducing the model
@@ -94,14 +98,10 @@ val   = pq.read_table("val.parquet",   columns=["text", "lang"])
 ## License & responsible use
-CommonLingua-Train aggregates 30 sources whose licenses range from **public domain** (most newspaper / heritage / Bible / classical-philology corpora) to **CC-BY-SA 4.0** (Wikipedia and most aggregated corpora). Some OpenAlex rows inherit the journal's per-publication license — most are CC-BY but please consult the `license` and `open_type` columns of each row before redistributing.
 If you redistribute derived versions, please keep the per-row `license`, `creator`, and `identifier` columns intact for downstream attribution.
-## History
-This dataset is the v7.2.1 iteration. Earlier iterations (v6.3.x) carried collection-level labels at face value, which led to mislabelled African-language data (Wax̌alNLP collections under `kik`/`mas`/`sog`/etc.). The v7 line dropped those classes outright and re-validated the rest with Gemini 2.5 Flash. The current dataset retains only ~5 k rows from the original WaxalNLP collection, after that cleanup.
 ## Citation
 ```bibtex
@@ -111,4 +111,4 @@ This dataset is the v7.2.1 iteration. Earlier iterations (v6.3.x) carried collec
   year   = {2026},
   url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/PleIAs/CommonLingua-Train}
 }
-```

 tags:
 - language-identification
 - common-corpus
+- african-languages
 pretty_name: CommonLingua-Train
 ---
 The training data for [PleIAs/CommonLingua](https://huggingface.co/PleIAs/CommonLingua) — a byte-level language identification model for 334 languages. **2.48 M paragraphs**, sourced exclusively from open-licensed and public-domain corpora.
 |             |       |
+|---|---|
+| **Train rows**   | 2,482,568 |
+| **Val rows**     | 272,875 |
+| **Languages**    | 334 (ISO 639-3) |
+| **Format**       | Apache Parquet (zstd-compressed) |
+| **License**      | Per-source (see attribution table) |
 ## Files
 | File | Rows | Size | Description |
 |---|---:|---:|---|
+| `train.parquet` | 2,482,568 | 1.08 GB | Provenance schema (10 columns) |
+| `val.parquet`   |   272,875 | 119 MB  | Same schema |
+## Schema
 | Column | Type | Description |
 |---|---|---|
+| `text`         | string | Paragraph text, raw UTF-8 (truncated to 512 bytes by the trainer) |
+| `lang`         | string | ISO 639-3 label (the training target) |
+| `source`       | string | Top-level source name (e.g. `Wikipedia`, `Pralekha`, `OpenAlex`) |
+| `identifier`   | string | Item-level identifier (URL / DOI / shelfmark / file id), nullable |
+| `title`        | string | Item title, nullable |
+| `collection`   | string | Sub-collection within the source, nullable |
+| `license`      | string | Per-row license string |
+| `open_type`    | string | `public_domain`, `cc_by`, `cc_by_sa`, etc. |
+| `creator`      | string | Author / organisation, nullable |
+| `date`         | string | Publication / extraction date, nullable |
 ## Source attribution
+Wikipedia provides the bulk (≈ 94 %); the long tail is filled by [Common Corpus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/PleIAs/common_corpus) collections and a handful of dedicated minority-language corpora.
 | Source | Rows | License | Notes |
 |---|---:|---|---|
+| Wikipedia              | 2,323,301 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Per-article paragraphs across 300+ language editions |
+| OpenAlex               |    29,733 | per-journal  | Mostly CC-BY academic content (Indonesian/Malaysian, African, English) |
+| Pralekha               |    27,076 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Indic-language paragraphs |
+| VOA Africa             |    24,341 | Public Domain (US Federal) | Voice of America Africa-language broadcasts |
+| Cultural Heritage      |    16,381 | per-collection | Digitised heritage archives (Tocharian, Larth Etruscan, ePSD2/CDLI, Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae) |
+| Perseus                |    11,638 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Classical languages (Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Church Slavonic, Gothic) |
+| OpenPecha              |     8,317 | Public Domain / CC | Tibetan and Sanskrit (incl. Ambuda) |
+| WaxalNLP               |     5,373 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | West African ASR transcripts |
+| eBible                 |     4,877 | Public Domain | Bible translations, public-domain editions only |
+| Chinese-Court-Decisions|     4,474 | Public Domain | Chinese court rulings |
+| StackExchange          |     3,312 | CC-BY-SA 4.0 | Q&A across StackExchange sites |
+| Project Ben-Yehuda     |     2,701 | Public Domain | Hebrew literature |
+| USPTO                  |     2,029 | Public Domain | US patent filings |
+| US-PD-Newspapers       |     1,834 | Public Domain | US public-domain newspapers |
+| HAL                    |     1,575 | per-license | French academic abstracts |
+| French-PD-Newspapers   |     1,539 | Public Domain | |
+| English-PD             |     1,353 | Public Domain | |
+| dotgov                 |     1,130 | Public Domain | US .gov web text |
+| French-PD-diverse      |     1,065 | Public Domain | |
+| Sefaria                |       947 | Public Domain | Hebrew religious corpus |
+| Court Listener         |       931 | Public Domain | US court filings |
+| Krike-Krake            |       744 | Public Domain | Tachelhit / Berber documentation |
+| Deutsches Zeitungsportal |     615 | Public Domain | German newspaper archive |
+| govinfo                |       572 | Public Domain | US Government publications |
+| Creative Commons Common Crawl (CCC) | 561 | per-license CC | |
+| enevaeldens_nyheder    |       496 | Public Domain | Danish historical news |
+| German-PD              |       485 | Public Domain | |
+| French-PD-Books        |       368 | Public Domain | |
+| French Open Data       |       339 | per-license | |
+| Spanish-Science-Pile   |       323 | per-journal | |
+The remaining ~90 sources cover the long tail of [Common Corpus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/PleIAs/common_corpus) collections (Italian-PD, Latin-PD, Spanish-PD-*, Open Korean Historical Corpus, Wikisource, UN-Digital-Library, …) and account for ~3,000 rows total. Per-row licensing is preserved in the `license` and `open_type` columns of the parquet itself.
 ## Reproducing the model
 ## License & responsible use
+CommonLingua-Train aggregates open-licensed and public-domain corpora. Most sources are either CC-BY-SA 4.0 (Wikipedia, Pralekha, Perseus, WaxalNLP, StackExchange) or public domain (newspapers, patents, government publications, religious texts, classical philology). Some OpenAlex rows inherit the journal's per-publication license — most are CC-BY.
 If you redistribute derived versions, please keep the per-row `license`, `creator`, and `identifier` columns intact for downstream attribution.
 ## Citation
 ```bibtex
   year   = {2026},
   url    = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/PleIAs/CommonLingua-Train}
 }
+```