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README.md

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+---
+license: mit
+task_categories:
+  - tabular-classification
+  - tabular-regression
+tags:
+  - immigration
+  - ice
+  - enforcement
+  - deportation
+  - detention
+  - foia
+  - duckdb
+  - legal
+  - policy
+  - government-data
+pretty_name: ICE Enforcement Database
+size_categories:
+  - 10M<n<100M
+---
+
+# ICE Enforcement Database
+
+A clean, queryable DuckDB database built from ICE enforcement data published by the [Deportation Data Project](https://law.ucla.edu/academics/centers/center-immigration-law-and-policy/deportation-data-project) (Berkeley Law / UCLA) via FOIA litigation.
+
+**17,824,184 rows** across **5 tables** covering ICE arrests, detainers, detentions, removals, and custody decisions.
+
+Combines two FOIA releases:
+- **2023 release** (FY2012-FY2023): arrests, detentions, removals, RCA decisions
+- **2025 settlement release** (Sep 2023 - Oct 2025): arrests, detainers, detentions
+
+Every row has a `data_source` column (`release_2023` or `release_2025`) so you can filter by release. Overlapping records are deduplicated, preferring the richer 2025 data.
+
+Built with [ice-database](https://github.com/ian-nason/ice-database).
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### DuckDB CLI
+
+```sql
+INSTALL httpfs;
+LOAD httpfs;
+ATTACH 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nason/ice-database/resolve/main/ice.duckdb' AS ice (READ_ONLY);
+
+-- Arrests by month
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('month', apprehension_date) AS month, COUNT(*) AS arrests
+FROM ice.arrests
+WHERE apprehension_date IS NOT NULL
+GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1 DESC LIMIT 12;
+```
+
+### Python
+
+```python
+import duckdb
+con = duckdb.connect()
+con.sql("INSTALL httpfs; LOAD httpfs;")
+con.sql(\"\"\"
+    ATTACH 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nason/ice-database/resolve/main/ice.duckdb'
+    AS ice (READ_ONLY)
+\"\"\")
+con.sql("SELECT * FROM ice._metadata").show()
+```
+
+DuckDB uses HTTP range requests, so only the pages needed for your query are downloaded.
+
+## Tables
+
+| Table | Description | Rows | Cols | Sources | Date Range |
+|-------|-------------|------|------|---------|------------|
+| `detentions` | Detention stays (book-in to book-out) | 8,944,408 | 41 | release_2023, release_2025 | 1995-08-31 to 2025-10-16 |
+| `rca_decisions` | Release/custody assessment decision history | 3,543,467 | 42 | release_2023 |  |
+| `removals` | Deportation/removal records | 2,771,219 | 29 | release_2023 | 0212-06-29 to 2023-10-27 |
+| `arrests` | ICE administrative arrests | 2,168,784 | 23 | release_2023, release_2025 | 2011-10-01 to 2025-10-16 |
+| `detainers` | Detainer requests issued to jails/prisons | 396,306 | 63 | release_2025 | 1989-09-25 to 2025-10-15 |
+
+## Key Features
+
+### Linked Records
+Tables share a `unique_id` field for tracing individuals across the enforcement pipeline: arrests -> detainers -> detentions -> removals.
+
+### Pre-built Views
+- `v_arrest_to_detention` - Arrests joined to detention stays
+- `v_enforcement_pipeline` - Full pipeline: arrest -> detention -> removal
+- `v_daily_arrests` - Daily arrest counts by data source
+
+### Multi-release Deduplication
+Where both releases cover the same period, records are deduplicated on key fields (unique_id + date + facility) with the richer 2025 release preferred.
+
+## Data Source
+
+[Deportation Data Project](https://law.ucla.edu/academics/centers/center-immigration-law-and-policy/deportation-data-project) (Berkeley Law / UCLA). Data obtained through FOIA litigation against ICE.
+
+## License
+
+Database build code: MIT. Underlying data: public domain (U.S. government records released via FOIA).
+
+## GitHub
+
+Full source code, build instructions, and example queries: [github.com/ian-nason/ice-database](https://github.com/ian-nason/ice-database)