---
configs:
- config_name: complete
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/*/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: works
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/works/*/*.jsonl.gz
  default: true
- config_name: authors
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/authors/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: institutions
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/institutions/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: sources
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/sources/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: topics
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/topics/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: subfields
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/subfields/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: fields
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/fields/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: domains
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/domains/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: concepts
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/concepts/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: funders
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/funders/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: publishers
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: snapshot/publishers/*/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: index
  data_files:
  - split: works
    path: index/works/*.jsonl.gz
  - split: authors
    path: index/authors/*.jsonl.gz
  - split: institutions
    path: index/entities/institutions.jsonl.gz
  - split: sources
    path: index/entities/sources.jsonl.gz
  - split: topics
    path: index/entities/topics.jsonl.gz
  - split: subfields
    path: index/entities/subfields.jsonl.gz
  - split: fields
    path: index/entities/fields.jsonl.gz
  - split: domains
    path: index/entities/domains.jsonl.gz
  - split: concepts
    path: index/entities/concepts.jsonl.gz
  - split: funders
    path: index/entities/funders.jsonl.gz
  - split: publishers
    path: index/entities/publishers.jsonl.gz
- config_name: search
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: index/search/*.jsonl.gz
- config_name: names
  data_files:
  - split: records
    path: tiles/names/*.jsonl.gz
---
# OpenAlex Dataset

A complete mirror of the [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/) scholarly knowledge graph, plus a pre-built graph index and tile repository for client-side visualization.

## Subsets

### Snapshot Records (full OpenAlex data)

| Config | Split | Records | Description |
|--------|-------|---------|-------------|
| **`complete`** | `records` | ~583M | All entity types combined |
| **`works`** (default) | `records` | ~449M | Scholarly works — papers, articles, books, datasets |
| **`authors`** | `records` | ~108M | Author profiles with affiliations and metrics |
| **`institutions`** | `records` | ~103K | Universities, research institutes, hospitals |
| **`sources`** | `records` | ~255K | Journals, repositories, conferences |
| **`topics`** | `records` | ~4.5K | Research topics (auto-classified) |
| **`subfields`** | `records` | 252 | Academic subfields |
| **`fields`** | `records` | 26 | Academic fields |
| **`domains`** | `records` | 4 | Top-level domains |
| **`concepts`** | `records` | ~65K | Subject concepts (legacy, replaced by topics) |
| **`funders`** | `records` | ~32K | Funding organizations |
| **`publishers`** | `records` | ~11K | Publishing companies |

Each record is the full OpenAlex JSON matching the [REST API schema](https://docs.openalex.org/api-entities). Fields vary by entity type — see [OpenAlex docs](https://docs.openalex.org/) for details.

Source files: gzip-compressed JSON Lines from the [OpenAlex S3 snapshot](https://docs.openalex.org/download-all-data/openalex-snapshot) (January 2026), date-partitioned under `snapshot/<entity>/YYYY-MM-DD/`.

### Graph Index (compact IDs)

| Config | Split | Records | Schema | Description |
|--------|-------|---------|--------|-------------|
| **`index`** | `works` | ~449M | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + title |
| | `authors` | ~108M | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `institutions` | ~103K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `sources` | ~255K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `topics` | ~4.5K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `subfields` | 252 | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `fields` | 26 | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `domains` | 4 | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `concepts` | ~65K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `funders` | ~32K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |
| | `publishers` | ~11K | `{id, n}` | Compact integer ID + name |

Pipeline-generated compact IDs (0-indexed integers) mapped from OpenAlex IDs. Used internally by the graph visualization and tile system.

### Utility Configs

| Config | Split | Schema | Description |
|--------|-------|--------|-------------|
| **`search`** | `records` | `{w, ids}` | Inverted word index — maps lowercased tokens to compact entity IDs |
| **`names`** | `records` | `{id, name}` | Display names keyed by compact ID, sharded for tile serving |

## Quick Start

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load full OpenAlex works records
works = load_dataset("Mearman/OpenAlex", "works", split="records")

# Stream the complete dataset (all entity types, ~434 GB compressed)
ds = load_dataset("Mearman/OpenAlex", "complete", split="records", streaming=True)

# Load a single small entity type
topics = load_dataset("Mearman/OpenAlex", "topics", split="records")

# Load the compact graph index for authors
authors_index = load_dataset("Mearman/OpenAlex", "index", split="authors")

# Search index
search = load_dataset("Mearman/OpenAlex", "search", split="records")
```

### Download specific directories

```python
from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download

# Download just the raw snapshot for one entity type
snapshot_download(
    "Mearman/OpenAlex",
    repo_type="dataset",
    allow_patterns="snapshot/topics/**",
    local_dir="./openalex",
)

# Download tiles for 2D visualization
snapshot_download(
    "Mearman/OpenAlex",
    repo_type="dataset",
    allow_patterns=["tiles/manifest.json", "tiles/nodes/*", "tiles/coords/2d/*", "tiles/spatial/2d/*"],
    local_dir="./openalex",
)
```

## About OpenAlex

[OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/) is a free, open catalogue of the global research system — scholarly works, authors, institutions, journals, and the connections between them. It is maintained by [OurResearch](https://ourresearch.org/) and available under a [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain license.

The `snapshot/` directory in this repository is a mirror of the [OpenAlex S3 snapshot](https://docs.openalex.org/download-all-data/openalex-snapshot) ([AWS Open Data Registry](https://registry.opendata.aws/openalex/)). The upstream snapshot is updated approximately monthly.

### Citation

If you use this data, please cite OpenAlex:

> Priem, J., Piwowar, H., & Orr, R. (2022). OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts. *ArXiv*. [https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833](https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833)

See also: [OpenAlex documentation](https://docs.openalex.org/) · [API](https://api.openalex.org/) · [GitHub](https://github.com/ourresearch/openalex-snapshot)

## Repository Structure

```
snapshot/               # Raw OpenAlex snapshot (gzipped JSONL, date-partitioned)
├── works/              # ~449M scholarly works (~750 GB compressed)
│   └── YYYY-MM-DD/part_NNNN.jsonl.gz
├── authors/            # ~108M author profiles (~64 GB compressed)
├── institutions/       # 103K institutions
├── sources/            # 255K journals/repositories
├── concepts/           # 65K subject concepts
├── topics/             # 4.5K topics
├── funders/            # 32K funders
├── publishers/         # 11K publishers
├── domains/            # 4 top-level domains
├── fields/             # 26 fields
└── subfields/          # 252 subfields

index/
├── entities/          # Small entity types (JSONL.gz: {id, n})
├── mappings/          # Binary ID mappings (OpenAlex ID → compact ID)
├── authors/           # Author index (104 shards, JSONL.gz)
├── works/             # Work index (1,098 shards, JSONL.gz)
├── edges/             # Citation + collaboration edges (adjacency lists)
├── adj/               # Compressed adjacency shards
└── search/            # Inverted word index for entity search

layout/
├── coords-2d.bin      # 2D force-directed layout coordinates
├── coords-3d.bin      # 3D force-directed layout coordinates
├── layout-2d.json     # Layout metadata
├── layout-3d.json
└── density-2d.png     # 4K density visualization

tiles/
├── manifest.json
├── lod/{dim}d/        # Level-of-detail with embedded coordinates
├── nodes/             # Entity metadata by compact ID range
├── coords/{dim}d/     # Position data by compact ID range
├── spatial/{dim}d/    # Spatial index (Z-order curve tiles)
├── edges/             # Edge tiles by source compact ID range
├── lookup/            # Compact ID ↔ OpenAlex ID mapping
├── names/             # Display name shards
├── search/            # Symlinked from index/search
└── adj/               # Symlinked from index/adj
```

## Pipeline

Built using the OpenAlex Pipeline on [Supercomputing Wales](https://www.supercomputing.wales/) (Falcon cluster, 192-core AMD Genoa nodes) as part of PhD research at [Bangor University](https://www.bangor.ac.uk/):

1. **Download** — S3 snapshot sync via rclone
2. **Extract** — isal-accelerated gzip decompression
3. **Index** — Parallel entity indexing, ID mapping, edge extraction, search index
4. **Layout** — Multi-level coarsening + Barnes-Hut force-directed simulation (2D & 3D)
5. **Tiles** — Dimension-agnostic spatial tiling for progressive client-side loading

## License

The underlying OpenAlex data is [CC0 (public domain)](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This processed derivative is released under the same license.

## Status

🚧 **In progress** — Raw snapshot and index uploaded. Layout and tiles will be added as pipeline jobs complete.