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due to the oxidizing properties of the free oxygen component of its atmosphere ever since the Great Oxygenation Event around 2.4 billion years ago. Laboratory experiments suggest that tholins near large pools of liquid water that might persist for thousands of years could facilitate the formation of prebiotic chemistry...	{ "page_id": 458078, "title": "Tholin" }
the presence of tholins. ==== Europa ==== Colored regions on Jupiter's satellite Europa are thought to be tholins. The morphology of Europa's impact craters and ridges is suggestive of fluidized material welling up from the fractures where pyrolysis and radiolysis take place. In order to generate colored tholins on Eur...	{ "page_id": 458078, "title": "Tholin" }
of ethylene, acetylene and high-mass alkanes may be present, most likely created by photolysis of methane by solar radiation. === Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs === The reddish color typical of tholins is characteristic of many Trans-Neptunian objects, including plutinos in the outer Solar System such as 28978 Ixion....	{ "page_id": 458078, "title": "Tholin" }
A tree box filter is a best management practice (BMP) or stormwater treatment system widely implemented along sidewalks, street curbs, and car parks. They are used to control the volume and amount of urban runoff pollutants entering into local waters, by providing areas where water can collect and naturally infiltrate ...	{ "page_id": 44039518, "title": "Tree box filter" }
feet (0.057 m3) of soil for every 1 cubic foot (0.028 m3) of tree canopy. Therefore, a five by six foot tree box must contain at least two feet of soil media in order to sustain a tree with a canopy of thirty square feet. Underneath the layer of soil lies the underdrain. This consists of a layer of crushed stone, at le...	{ "page_id": 44039518, "title": "Tree box filter" }
can cost between $12,500 and $65,000. == Maintenance == Maintenance of tree box filters may include, but is not limited to Tree health and safety inspections Pruning or trimming Replacing mulch and fertilizer Litter removal Stake removal Tree straightening The cost of care can range from $100 to $500 per year for each ...	{ "page_id": 44039518, "title": "Tree box filter" }
Electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) is an optical interference phenomenon where an interference pattern is used to build a dynamic spatial diffraction grating in matter. EIGs are dynamically created by light interference on optically resonant materials and rely on population inversion and/or optical coherence pro...	{ "page_id": 16907616, "title": "Electromagnetically induced grating" }
compared to population and phase gratings (potentially nanoseconds and faster). === Population gratings === The writing lasers are resonant with optical transitions in the matter and the grating is formed by optical pumping (See Fig. 3). This type of grating can be easily tuned to produce multiple orders of diffraction...	{ "page_id": 16907616, "title": "Electromagnetically induced grating" }
The anthraquinone process, also called the Riedl–Pfleiderer process, is a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide, which was developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. The industrial production of hydrogen peroxide is based on the reduction of oxygen, as in the direct synthesis from the elements. Instead of hydrogen ...	{ "page_id": 30932321, "title": "Anthraquinone process" }
Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available. This occurs in health as in exercising and in disease as in sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes. During this time it can augment the energy pro...	{ "page_id": 195939, "title": "Anaerobic glycolysis" }
== Aerobic glycolysis Lactate shuttle hypothesis Lactic acidosis == References ==	{ "page_id": 195939, "title": "Anaerobic glycolysis" }
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) consists of a set of theoretical concepts argued to be more comprehensive than the earlier modern synthesis of evolutionary biology that took place between 1918 and 1942. The extended evolutionary synthesis was called for in the 1950s by C. H. Waddington, argued for on the basi...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
wrote about an extension of the modern synthesis based on new research from speciation. In the 1980s, entomologist Ryuichi Matsuda coined the term "pan-environmentalism" as an extended evolutionary synthesis which he saw as a fusion of Darwinism with neo-Lamarckism. He held that heterochrony is a main mechanism for evo...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
selection operates on gene regulation and deep homologies between organisms at the level of highly conserved genes, transcription factors and signalling pathways. By contrast, a different strand of evo-devo following an organismal approach contributes to the extended synthesis by emphasizing (amongst others) developmen...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
library" genome of the Modern Synthesis". Biologist Eugene Koonin has suggested that the gradualism of the modern synthesis is unsustainable as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer and endosymbiosis play a pivotal role in evolution. Koonin commented that "the new developments in evolutionary biology by no account...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
of molecular evolution) Changes in phenotype are induced in many organisms, rather than one organism Revolutionary change in phenotype can occur through mutation, facilitated variation or threshold events Repeated evolution in isolated populations can be by convergent evolution or developmental bias Adaptation can be c...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
synthesis is able to fully account for the newer observations, whereas others criticize the extended synthesis for not being radical enough. Proponents think that the conceptions of evolution at the core of the modern synthesis are too narrow and that even when the modern synthesis allows for the ideas in the extended ...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
Genet. 25 (11): 473–475. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2009.09.007. PMC 2784144. PMID 19836100. Lange, Axel (2023) Extending the Evolutionary Synthesis. Darwin's Legacy Redesigned. CRC Press. DOI https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003341413. Lodé, Thierry (2013). Manifeste pour une écologie évolutive, Darwin et après. Eds Odile Jacob, Pa...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
doi:10.1007/s10539-006-9033-y. S2CID 16322990. Kurland, CG; Canback, B; Berg, OG (2003). "Horizontal Gene Transfer: A Critical View". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100 (17): 9658–9662. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9658K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1632870100. PMC 187805. PMID 12902542. Lynch, Michael (2007). "The frailty of adaptive hypoth...	{ "page_id": 47971685, "title": "Extended evolutionary synthesis" }
Sharlene E. Santana is a Venezuelan–American biologist, currently serving as the Curator of Mammals at the Burke Museum of Natural History and as a professor of Evolutionary biology at the University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington. Her research primarily focuses on the order Chiroptera (bats), and her work often...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
year at the Universidad de Los Andes, Santana completed her undergraduate thesis under the guidance of Jesús Molinari, a professor specializing in animal biology. The work that she performed during the development of her thesis helped to further solidify her interests in research and provided her with her first opportu...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
research on facial coloring in primates demonstrated that facial coloring is correlated with the size of the social groups that primates live in. In particular, Santana and her associates found that neotropical primates living in smaller social groupings tend to have more complex facial coloring and patterning. Santana...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
undergraduate researcher Elena Cheung demonstrated that bat species which independently adopt a carnivorous lifestyle share morphological and anatomical commonalities, including larger overall skull sizes and a high bite force, despite their broad gape distances. This research has helped to fill a gap in scientific lit...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
known vertebrate species and over 80% of known vertebrate genera. == Outreach and activism == Santana has worked to increase opportunities for underrepresented minorities in STEM fields, with a particular focus on Native American students. In 2016, Santana and professor Paul Gignac of Oklahoma State University received...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
Harvard University, Texas A&M University, the University of Michigan, and Northern Arizona University. Santana has received numerous professional accolades, including the Carl Gans Award (2016), and the Dwight D. Davis Award (2010, Honorable Mention), and the University of Massachusetts Organismic and Evolutionary Biol...	{ "page_id": 67435877, "title": "Sharlene Santana" }
In physics and mathematics, the Pauli group G 1 {\displaystyle G_{1}} on 1 qubit is the 16-element matrix group consisting of the 2 × 2 identity matrix I {\displaystyle I} and all of the Pauli matrices X = σ 1 = ( 0 1 1 0 ) , Y = σ 2 = ( 0 − i i 0 ) , Z = σ 3 = ( 1 0 0 − 1 ) {\displaystyle X=\sigma _{1}={\begin{pmatrix...	{ "page_id": 5045613, "title": "Pauli group" }
position can be moved to any other position. As an abstract group, G 1 ≅ C 4 ∘ D 4 {\displaystyle G_{1}\cong C_{4}\circ D_{4}} is the central product of a cyclic group of order 4 and the dihedral group of order 8. The Pauli group is a representation of the gamma group in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It is not iso...	{ "page_id": 5045613, "title": "Pauli group" }
A 4-center 2-electron (4c–2e) bond is a type of chemical bond in which four atoms share two electrons in bonding, with a net bond order of 1⁄2. This type of bonding differs from the usual covalent bond, which involves two atoms sharing two electrons (2c–2e bonding). Four-center two-electron bonding is postulated in cer...	{ "page_id": 12385647, "title": "Four-center two-electron bond" }
The rms charge radius is a measure of the size of an atomic nucleus, particularly the proton distribution. The proton radius is about one femtometre = 10−15 metre. It can be measured by the scattering of electrons by the nucleus. Relative changes in the mean squared nuclear charge distribution can be precisely measured...	{ "page_id": 28048752, "title": "Charge radius" }
determining for electron scattering. This definition of charge radius is often applied to composite hadrons such as a proton, neutron, pion, or kaon, that are made up of more than one quark. In the case of an anti-matter baryon (e.g. an anti-proton), and some particles with zero net electric charge, the composite parti...	{ "page_id": 28048752, "title": "Charge radius" }
neutron. For deuterons and higher nuclei, it is conventional to distinguish between the scattering charge radius, rd (obtained from scattering data), and the bound-state charge radius, Rd, which includes the Darwin–Foldy term to account for the behaviour of the anomalous magnetic moment in an electromagnetic field and ...	{ "page_id": 28048752, "title": "Charge radius" }
of scattering of electrons by nuclei. There is most interest in knowing the charge radii of protons and deuterons, as these can be compared with the spectrum of atomic hydrogen and deuterium: the nonzero size of the nucleus causes a shift in the electronic energy levels which shows up as a change in the frequency of th...	{ "page_id": 28048752, "title": "Charge radius" }
The Invasive Species Forecasting System, or simply ISFS, was a proposed modeling environment for creating predictive habitat suitability maps for invasive species. It was developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in cooperation with various Department of Interior bureaus, including the Unite...	{ "page_id": 25754996, "title": "Invasive Species Forecasting System" }
Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) is an activity-based, group-learning instructional strategy. POGIL was created in 1994 to improve teaching of general chemistry. Today, POGIL is implemented in more than 1,000 American high schools and colleges. == Activities == The design of a POGIL activity must be suf...	{ "page_id": 21626234, "title": "POGIL" }
==	{ "page_id": 21626234, "title": "POGIL" }
The Beverly Clock is a clock in the 3rd-floor lift foyer of the Department of Physics at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. The clock is still running despite never having been manually wound since its construction in 1864 by Arthur Beverly. == Operation == The clock's mechanism is driven by variations in d...	{ "page_id": 2882938, "title": "Beverly Clock" }
The Journal of Organometallic Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier, covering research on organometallic chemistry. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.345. == References == == External links == Official website	{ "page_id": 13499772, "title": "Journal of Organometallic Chemistry" }
Achromobacter arsenitoxydans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from soil of an arsenic-contaminated pig farm. Achromobacter arsenitoxydans has the ability to oxidize arsenite to arsenate. The complete genome of A. arsenitoxydans has been sequenced...	{ "page_id": 39910783, "title": "Achromobacter arsenitoxydans" }
Melly S. Oitzl (in full: Maria-Silvana Oitzl, born 1955 in Lind/Arnoldstein) is an Austrian behavioral neuroscientist. She is associate professor of medical pharmacology at Leiden University and adjunct professor of cognitive neurobiology at the University of Amsterdam. Oitzl is mainly interested in the relationships b...	{ "page_id": 37748098, "title": "Melly Oitzl" }
Industrial dryers are used to efficiently process large quantities of bulk materials that need reduced moisture levels. Depending on the amount and the makeup of material needing to be dried, industrial dryers come in many different models constructed specifically for the type and quantity of material to be processed. ...	{ "page_id": 39648645, "title": "Industrial dryer" }
The Rawalpindi experiments were experiments involving use of mustard gas carried out by British scientists from Porton Down on hundreds of soldiers from the British Indian Army. These experiments were carried out before and during the Second World War in a military installation at Rawalpindi, in modern-day Pakistan. Th...	{ "page_id": 19266950, "title": "Rawalpindi experiments" }
Rawalpindi). The exact place where the British facility equipped with gas chambers was located in Rawalpindi is unknown. Porton Down officials have argued that trials took place in a different era, during a conflict, and so their conduct should not be judged by today's standards. == See also == Keen as Mustard, a docum...	{ "page_id": 19266950, "title": "Rawalpindi experiments" }
The Bristol stool scale is a diagnostic medical tool designed to classify the form of human faeces into seven categories. It is used in both clinical and experimental fields. It was developed at the Bristol Royal Infirmary as a clinical assessment tool in 1997, by Stephen Lewis and Ken Heaton and is widely used as a re...	{ "page_id": 3407240, "title": "Bristol stool scale" }
== === Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome === People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) typically report that they suffer with abdominal cramps and constipation. In some patients, chronic constipation is interspersed with brief episodes of diarrhoea; while a minority of patients with IBS have only diarrhoea. The pr...	{ "page_id": 3407240, "title": "Bristol stool scale" }
by age, sex, body mass index, whether or not they had cholecystectomy and possible psychosomatic components (somatisation); there were no effects from factors such as smoking, alcohol, the level of education, a history of appendectomy or familiarity with gastrointestinal diseases, civil state, or the use of oral contra...	{ "page_id": 3407240, "title": "Bristol stool scale" }
and 1,059 women), had shown an unexpected prevalence of defecation disorders related to the shape and type of stool. The authors of the former paper concluded that the form of the stool is a useful surrogate measure of colon transit time. That conclusion has since been challenged as having limited validity for Types 1 ...	{ "page_id": 3407240, "title": "Bristol stool scale" }
links == Media related to Bristol Stool Chart at Wikimedia Commons	{ "page_id": 3407240, "title": "Bristol stool scale" }
Dignified death, death with dignity, dying with dignity or dignity in dying is an ethical concept aimed at avoiding suffering and maintaining control and autonomy in the end-of-life process. In general, it is usually treated as an extension of the concept of dignified life, in which people retain their dignity and free...	{ "page_id": 27983244, "title": "Dignified death" }
The molecular formula C22H25N3O4 (molar mass: 395.452 g/mol, exact mass: 395.1845 u) may refer to: Abanoquil Spirotryprostatin A Vesnarinone	{ "page_id": 24378769, "title": "C22H25N3O4" }
The Entomologisk Forening is the main entomological society in Denmark. It was founded in 1868, and resides in Copenhagen. Among its activities is publishing the Danish languaged journal 'Entomologiske Meddelelser', which mainly publishes articles about the Danish insect fauna. == References ==	{ "page_id": 50593177, "title": "Entomologisk Forening" }
Constellation is a series of outdoor 2000 bronze sculptures by American artist Tad Savinar, installed at Holladay Park in northeast Portland, Oregon, United States. The work's three "distinct elements" include: Constellation (Vase of Flowers) or Constellation: Flowers from a Neighborhood Garden, a slender vase of daisi...	{ "page_id": 46857627, "title": "Constellation (sculpture series)" }
"The Sixth Finger" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 14 October 1963, during the first season. == Plot == Working in a remote Welsh mining town, a rogue scientist, Professor Mathers, discovers a process that affects the speed of evolutionary mutation. Mathers suffers guil...	{ "page_id": 3472795, "title": "The Sixth Finger" }
and he slowly succumbs to the adverse effects while Cathy comforts him. == Production == Regarding Ellis St. Joseph's original script, a number of scenes and characters were removed or condensed to save money, including five speaking parts – Bryn Evans, Gert the Bread's legless, Bible-thumping husband (Cathy Evans' fat...	{ "page_id": 3472795, "title": "The Sixth Finger" }
force. Gwyllm then becomes translucent, evolving beyond the need for vengeance and abandons the burning fuse to walk back to Mathers' Lab. Robbart, another miner, stamps out the fuse. Gwyllm later tells Cathy his ghostly translucence is evidence of his further evolution: "I can now live by photosynthesis of pure light....	{ "page_id": 3472795, "title": "The Sixth Finger" }
Structural chemistry is a part of chemistry and deals with spatial structures of molecules (in the gaseous, liquid or solid state) and solids (with extended structures that cannot be subdivided into molecules). For structure elucidation a range of different methods is used. One has to distinguish between methods that e...	{ "page_id": 52821408, "title": "Structural chemistry" }
chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy to determine the rotational constants of compounds. This method has long been regarded as robust for the precise determination of structures, with the ability to discern different conformational states of molecules. Its accuracy is highlighted by its applica...	{ "page_id": 52821408, "title": "Structural chemistry" }
a technique that employs a beam of neutrons instead of X-rays or electrons. Neutrons interact with atomic nuclei and are sensitive to the positions of light atoms, such as hydrogen. This method is vital for understanding the structure of materials where hydrogen plays a significant role, such as in hydrogen-bonded syst...	{ "page_id": 52821408, "title": "Structural chemistry" }
to the intricate interactions and large molecular sizes involved. Recent study has found unprecedented applications in the biological context and for the first time enables scientists to address complex questions in biology on the level of molecules, cells, tissues and entire organs, as well as to begin to address impo...	{ "page_id": 52821408, "title": "Structural chemistry" }
the potential to drive organic transformations in a sustainable manner. == See also == Chemical structure == References ==	{ "page_id": 52821408, "title": "Structural chemistry" }
The molecular formula C21H40O4 (molar mass: 356.547 g/mol) may refer to: 2-Oleoylglycerol Japanic acid	{ "page_id": 34471328, "title": "C21H40O4" }
Empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) is a framework for analysis and prediction of nonlinear dynamical systems. Applications include population dynamics, ecosystem service, medicine, neuroscience, dynamical systems, geophysics, and human-computer interaction. EDM was originally developed by Robert May and George Sugihara. ...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
global linear maps (S-Map) projection, Multivariate embedding in Simplex or S-Map, Convergent cross mapping (CCM), and Multiview Embeding, described below. Nearest neighbors are found according to: NN ( y , X , k ) = ‖ X N i E − y ‖ ≤ ‖ X N j E − y ‖ if 1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k {\displaystyle {\text{NN}}(y,X,k)=\\|X_{N_{i}}^{E}-y\...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
to all neighbors, but localised with an exponential decay kernel. The exponential localisation function is F ( θ ) = exp ( − θ d / D ) {\displaystyle F(\theta )={\text{exp}}(-\theta d/D)} , where d {\displaystyle d} is the neighbor distance and D {\displaystyle D} the mean distance. In this way, depending on the value ...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
… X N k − E + 1 ] {\displaystyle A\gets {\begin{bmatrix}1&X_{N_{1}}&X_{N_{1}-1}&\dots &X_{N_{1}-E+1}\\1&X_{N_{2}}&X_{N_{2}-1}&\dots &X_{N_{2}-E+1}\\\vdots &\vdots &\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\1&X_{N_{k}}&X_{N_{k}-1}&\dots &X_{N_{k}-E+1}\end{bmatrix}}} Weighted design matrix: A ← W A {\displaystyle A\gets WA} Response vect...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
{\displaystyle X} . CCM leverages this property to infer causality by predicting X {\displaystyle X} using the M y {\displaystyle M_{y}} library of points (or vice versa for the other direction of causality), while assessing improvements in cross map predictability as larger and larger random samplings of M y {\display...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
on YouTube State Space Reconstruction: Takens' Theorem and Shadow Manifolds on YouTube State Space Reconstruction: Convergent Cross Mapping on YouTube Online books or lecture notes EDM Introduction. Introduction with video, examples and references. Geometrical theory of dynamical systems. Nils Berglund's lecture notes ...	{ "page_id": 69664162, "title": "Empirical dynamic modeling" }
Dora Biro is a behavioral biologist and the Beverly Petterson Bishop and Charles W. Bishop Professor, Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Rochester. She was previously a Professor of Animal Behaviour at the University of Oxford. and a visiting professor in the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto Universit...	{ "page_id": 71499172, "title": "Dora Biro" }
the impact of individual differences in two major systems of behavior: social learning and group decision-making in the navigation of homing pigeons, and cultural learning among wild chimpanzees. Through a series of studies at Oxford, Biro has examined how homing pigeons change their navigation behavior and learn new r...	{ "page_id": 71499172, "title": "Dora Biro" }
The molecular formula C20H14O4 (molar mass: 318.32 g/mol) may refer to: diphenyl isophthalate (CA number 744-45-6) diphenyl terephthalate (CAS number 1539-04-4) phenolphthalein (CAS number 77-09-8) resorcinol dibenzoate (CAS number 94-01-9) xestoquinone	{ "page_id": 9895333, "title": "C20H14O4" }
Neural synchrony is the correlation of brain activity across two or more people over time. In social and affective neuroscience, neural synchrony specifically refers to the degree of similarity between the spatio-temporal neural fluctuations of multiple people. This phenomenon represents the convergence and coupling of...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
in a single brain. Considering that researchers clearly recognized how interpersonal interaction was fundamental to human cognition, the paucity of social and multi-brain neuroscience research represented a tension in the field. In response to the discrepancy between the complexity of social interaction and the single-...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
of one brain may couple with the behaviors or emotions of the other person, causing "vicarious activations" that manifest as synchronized neural responses across perceiver and agent. According to the theory, this process also occurs through more complex, synergistic interactions, especially when people communicate and ...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
or stimulus. The ability to record time-locked activity from multiple brains makes hyperscanning conducive to exploring the variation in activity across brains. It also allows experimenters to examine various aspects of neural recordings in naturalistic scenarios, from low-level stimulus processing to high-level social...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
makes it ideal for testing real-world social stimuli. fNIRS only measures the cortical regions of the brain, and its temporal resolution is not as fine as EEG. However, the balance between spatial and temporal properties, combined with subjects' ability to move around and interact with relative freedom during scanning,...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
a null, which can be derived from recordings of resting states or irrelevant stimuli. Because it depends on extended designs that allow for activity recording over time, ISC is especially conducive to social interaction studies, which makes it a powerful approach for exploring neural synchrony in social contexts. Howev...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
neural synchrony calls for multidimensional stimuli that emulate the richness of the social world. Furthermore, by nature of how it is measured—through computing the variance in multiple brains' responses to a task over time—neural synchrony is particularly amenable to extended social stimuli. Ecological designs are no...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
tend to show greater neural synchrony than non-leaders with other discussion partners. Neural synchrony is also found in nonverbal communication, such as hand gestures and facial expressions. An early study found synchronization across participants playing a game of charades. Using fMRI to record brain activity as peop...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
in comprehension reliably occurs across other types of narratives, including listening to stories and free viewing of visual content, and it persists throughout different stages of the narrative, such as consuming the story, recalling the story, and listening to another person recall the story. Together, these findings...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
A set of studies has demonstrated the prevalence of neural synchrony in music production while people coordinate rhythms and movements. Early studies showed that dyads of guitarists generate greater low frequency band neural synchrony when playing together than when playing solo. Also, people who performed distinct rol...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
interacted with the computer. Subjective measures of perceived cooperativeness mediated this effect. Critically, the idea that neural synchrony is robust during cooperation, that more interactive and demanding cooperative tasks recruit greater neural synchrony, and that better cooperation often links to better performa...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
ecologically valid behavioral outcomes. The brain-as-predictor approach has been effective in predicting outcomes across a variety of domains, including health and consumer choices. Given its social nature, neural synchrony has the potential to build on brain-as-predictor models by allowing for predictions about real-w...	{ "page_id": 69270951, "title": "Neural synchrony" }
Frozen mirror image method (or method of frozen images) is an extension of the method of images for magnet-superconductor systems that has been introduced by Alexander Kordyuk in 1998 to take into account the magnetic flux pinning phenomenon. The method gives a simple representation of the magnetic field distribution g...	{ "page_id": 34667944, "title": "Frozen mirror image method" }
as a textbook model for science education. == See also == Method of images Ideally hard superconductor Magnetic levitation Bean's critical state model High temperature superconductors == References == == Demos == Superconducting levitation with strong pinning Magnetic levitation (YouTube)	{ "page_id": 34667944, "title": "Frozen mirror image method" }
The Rote Liste, full name Rote Liste der bedrohten Nutztierrassen im Bundesgebiet, is a red list of threatened breeds of domestic animal published annually by the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen, the German national association for the conservation of historic and endangered domestic ani...	{ "page_id": 44301737, "title": "Rote Liste" }
The Wulff–Dötz reaction (also known as the Dötz reaction or the benzannulation reaction of the Fischer carbene complexes) is the chemical reaction of an aromatic or vinylic alkoxy pentacarbonyl chromium carbene complex with an alkyne and carbon monoxide to give a Cr(CO)3-coordinated substituted phenol. Several reviews ...	{ "page_id": 6815145, "title": "Wulff–Dötz reaction" }
and proceeds to the metal tricarbonyl arene complex 2. Without CO insertion, the reaction proceeds through 7 to the cyclopentadiene product 8. === Examples === Exposing Fischer carbene with alkenyl side chain to an alkyne gives a highly substituted phenol. The phenolic carbon is originated from the CO ligand. The α,β-u...	{ "page_id": 6815145, "title": "Wulff–Dötz reaction" }
is presumably because of a β-hydride elimination and reinsertion process. If the alkene moiety is present in Fischer carbene, but not in conjugation, cyclopropanation could be observed. The strategy was employed in a formal synthesis of carabrone. == References ==	{ "page_id": 6815145, "title": "Wulff–Dötz reaction" }
In molecular physics/nanotechnology, electrostatic deflection is the deformation of a beam-like structure/element bent by an electric field. It can be due to interaction between electrostatic fields and net charge or electric polarization effects. The beam-like structure/element is generally cantilevered (fix at one of...	{ "page_id": 10419626, "title": "Electrostatic deflection (molecular physics/nanotechnology)" }
Cryobiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering cryobiology. It was established in 1964 and is published by Elsevier on behalf of the Society for Cryobiology, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is D.M. Rawson (University of Bedfordshire). According to the Journal Citation Repo...	{ "page_id": 56098220, "title": "Cryobiology (journal)" }
5,8-linoleate diol synthase may refer to: Linoleate 8R-lipoxygenase, an enzyme 9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8R-isomerase, an enzyme	{ "page_id": 38337965, "title": "5,8-linoleate diol synthase" }
A beam spoiler is a piece of material, placed into the path of the photon beam in radiotherapy. The purpose of the spoiler is to reduce the depth of the maximum radiation dosage. == Composition == The beam spoiler is composed of a sheet of material which has a low atomic number, typically lucite, the thickness of which...	{ "page_id": 28310960, "title": "Beam spoiler" }
The National Marine Life Center is an independent, non-profit marine animal hospital, science, and education center based in Bourne, Massachusetts. Their mission is to rehabilitate for release stranded sea turtles, seals, dolphins, porpoises, and small whales, and to advance scientific knowledge and education in marine...	{ "page_id": 23985584, "title": "National Marine Life Center" }
Graham cracker crust is a style of pie crust made from crushed graham crackers. Graham crackers are a sweet American cracker made from unbleached, whole wheat graham flour. The crust is usually flavored and stiffened with butter or vegetable oil and sometimes sugar. Graham cracker crust is a very common type of crust f...	{ "page_id": 23592375, "title": "Graham cracker crust" }
This is a collection of lists of organisms by their population. While most of the numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. Species population is a science falling under the purview of population ecology and biogeography. Individuals are counted by census, as carried out for the piping ...	{ "page_id": 37486008, "title": "Lists of organisms by population" }
ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth. == By domain == The domain of eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms; however, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes number about 4–6 × 1030 c...	{ "page_id": 37486008, "title": "Lists of organisms by population" }
or roughly 1019 (10 quintillion) individual living insects on the earth at any given time. An article in The New York Times claimed that the world holds 300 pounds of insects for every pound of humans. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. Their population is estimated as between 1016–1017 (10-100 quadril...	{ "page_id": 37486008, "title": "Lists of organisms by population" }
Copper phosphate may refer to : Copper(II) phosphate, cupric salt of phosphoric acid Copper(I) phosphate, cuprous salt of phosphoric acid A number of copper phosphate minerals, including : Turquoise, a hydrated basic copper aluminium phosphate, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O Pseudomalachite, a basic copper phosphate similar in ...	{ "page_id": 44432827, "title": "Copper phosphate" }
Aerospace physiology is the study of the effects of high altitudes on the body, such as different pressures and levels of oxygen. At different altitudes the body may react in different ways, provoking more cardiac output, and producing more erythrocytes. These changes cause more energy waste in the body, causing muscle...	{ "page_id": 2686401, "title": "Aerospace physiology" }
over this altitude arterial saturation of oxygen decreases rapidly as much as 70% (6000 m), and decreases more at higher altitudes. == g-forces == g-forces are mostly experienced by the body during flight, especially high speed flight and space travel. This includes positive g-force, negative g-force and zero g-force, ...	{ "page_id": 2686401, "title": "Aerospace physiology" }
increase and can result in cramps or convulsions at an altitude of 5500 meters and will end in an altitude at 7000 meters with a coma. === Mountaineering disease === One type of hypoxia related syndrome is mountaineering disease. A non-acclimated person that stays for a significant amount of time at a high altitude can...	{ "page_id": 2686401, "title": "Aerospace physiology" }

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