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the plan, the old man (Meitei: ꯍꯅꯨꯕ, romanized: "hanuba") pretended to be dead, and the old woman (Meitei: ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯤ, romanized: "hanubi") cried out loudly to make the monkeys hear her cry. Then, the monkeys came there and asked the old woman what had happened. She told them that the old man died after eating the taros. Sh... | {
"page_id": 73464440,
"title": "Hanuba Hanubi Paan Thaaba"
} |
A chemical graph generator is a software package to generate computer representations of chemical structures adhering to certain boundary conditions. The development of such software packages is a research topic of cheminformatics. Chemical graph generators are used in areas such as virtual library generation in drug d... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
1970s, these studies are still the fundamental references for structure generators. In the orderly generation method, specific order-check functions are performed on graph representatives, such as vectors. For example, MOLGEN performs a descending order check while filling rows of adjacency matrices. This descending or... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
considered one of the earliest assembly methods in the field. As the name indicates, the algorithm assembles substructures with overlaps to construct structures. ASSEMBLE overcomes overlapping by including a “neighbouring atom tag”. The generator is purely mathematical and does not involve the interpretation of any spe... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
platform could generate structures with any arbitrary size of molecules; however, molecular formulas with more than 30 heavy atoms are too time consuming for practical applications. This limitation highlighted the need for a new CASE system. SENECA was developed to eliminate the shortcomings of LUCY. To overcome the li... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
many other generators, the tree approach is the skeleton of Jean-Loup Faulon's structure generators. However, considering all possible extensions leads to a combinatorial explosion. Orderly generation is performed to cope with this exhaustivity. Many assembly algorithms, such as OMG, MOLGEN and Jean-Loup Faulon's struc... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
mathematical synthesis. First, it builds all incidence matrices for a given molecular formula. The atom valences are then used as the input for matrix generation. The matrices are generated by considering all the possible interactions among atoms with respect to the constraints and valences. The benefit of constructive... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
generation process. In the QSPR/QSAR based structure generation, there is the lack of synthesizability of the generated structures. Usage of retrosynthesis paths in the generation makes the generation process more efficient. For example, a well-known tool called RetroPath is used for molecular structure enumeration and... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
structure generator GEN by Simona Bohanec combines two tasks: structure assembly and structure reduction. Like COCOA, the initial state of the problem is a hyper structure. Both assembly and reduction methods have advantages and disadvantages, and the GEN tool avoids these disadvantages in the generation step. In other... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
graph, the maximum degree of an atom is its valence, and the maximum number of bonds a chemical element can make. For example, carbon's valence is 4. In a chemical graph, an atom is saturated if it reaches its valence. A graph is connected if there is at least one path between each pair of vertices. Although chemical m... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
composition operation, S y m ( X ) {\displaystyle Sym(X)} is a symmetry group, the set of all permutations over X. If the size of X {\displaystyle X} is n {\displaystyle n} , then the order of S y m ( X ) {\displaystyle Sym(X)} is n ! {\displaystyle n!} . Set systems consist of a finite set X {\displaystyle X} and its ... | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
generators". PLOS Computational Biology. 17 (1): e1008504. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PCBI.1008504. ISSN 1553-734X. PMC 7785115. PMID 33400699. Wikidata Q104747658. == External links == Media related to Chemical graphs at Wikimedia Commons | {
"page_id": 66452088,
"title": "Chemical graph generator"
} |
Mini-puberty is a transient hormonal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that occurs in infants shortly after birth. This period is characterized by a surge in the secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and sex steroids (testosterone in males and estradiol in females), similar to but less inten... | {
"page_id": 77396603,
"title": "Mini-puberty"
} |
and metabolism: The hormonal changes may have effects on growth patterns, bone maturation, and overall metabolism. Neurodevelopment: Sex steroids play a role in brain development and may influence behaviors and cognitive functions, including language development. === Diagnostic marker === Mini-puberty can serve as a va... | {
"page_id": 77396603,
"title": "Mini-puberty"
} |
evidence that EDC exposure during mini-puberty may interfere with endocrine and neurological development. == Research and future directions == Although the phenomenon has been known for over 40 years, research into mini-puberty continues to uncover its broader implications for long-term health and development. The pote... | {
"page_id": 77396603,
"title": "Mini-puberty"
} |
This article contains examples of Markov chains and Markov processes in action. All examples are in the countable state space. For an overview of Markov chains in general state space, see Markov chains on a measurable state space. == Discrete-time == === Board games played with dice === A game of snakes and ladders or ... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
{move~left} }} (where c is a constant greater than 0) For example, if the constant, c, equals 1, the probabilities of a move to the left at positions x = −2,−1,0,1,2 are given by 1 6 , 1 4 , 1 2 , 3 4 , 5 6 {\displaystyle {\dfrac {1}{6}},{\dfrac {1}{4}},{\dfrac {1}{2}},{\dfrac {3}{4}},{\dfrac {5}{6}}} respectively. The... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
percent consonants, which is close to the actual count in the book. === A simple weather model === The probabilities of weather conditions (modeled as either rainy or sunny), given the weather on the preceding day, can be represented by a transition matrix: P = [ 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.5 ] {\displaystyle P={\begin{bmatrix}0.9&0... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
x ( 0 ) P 2 = [ 1 0 ] [ 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.5 ] 2 = [ 0.86 0.14 ] {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ^{(2)}=\mathbf {x} ^{(1)}P=\mathbf {x} ^{(0)}P^{2}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}0.9&0.1\\0.5&0.5\end{bmatrix}}^{2}={\begin{bmatrix}0.86&0.14\end{bmatrix}}} or x ( 2 ) = x ( 1 ) P = [ 0.9 0.1 ] [ 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.5 ] ... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
I q ( P − I ) = 0 q ( [ 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.5 ] − [ 1 0 0 1 ] ) = 0 q [ − 0.1 0.1 0.5 − 0.5 ] = 0 [ q 1 q 2 ] [ − 0.1 0.1 0.5 − 0.5 ] = [ 0 0 ] − 0.1 q 1 + 0.5 q 2 = 0 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}P&={\begin{bmatrix}0.9&0.1\\0.5&0.5\end{bmatrix}}\\\mathbf {q} P&=\mathbf {q} &&{\text{(}}\mathbf {q} {\text{ is unchanged by }... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
can be written as a stochastic row vector x with the relation x(n + 1) = x(n)P. So if at time n the system is in state x(n), then three time periods later, at time n + 3 the distribution is x ( n + 3 ) = x ( n + 2 ) P = ( x ( n + 1 ) P ) P = x ( n + 1 ) P 2 = ( x ( n ) P ) P 2 = x ( n ) P 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{align... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
identically distributed input signals (for example, symbols from a binary alphabet chosen by coin tosses), if the machine is in state y at time n, then the probability that it moves to state x at time n + 1 depends only on the current state. == Continuous-time == === A birth–death process === If one pops one hundred ke... | {
"page_id": 195196,
"title": "Examples of Markov chains"
} |
In molecular biology mir-367 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. miR302/367 cluster, together with Hdac2 inhibition, reprograms human and mouse fibroblasts to iPS cells, faster and more efficient than the custom viral infection (OS... | {
"page_id": 36371067,
"title": "Mir-367 microRNA precursor family"
} |
Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is a method of evaluating pulmonary ventilation by measuring the movement of the chest and abdominal wall. Accurate measurement of pulmonary ventilation or breathing often requires the use of devices such as masks or mouthpieces coupled to the airway opening. These devices a... | {
"page_id": 30407298,
"title": "Respiratory inductance plethysmography"
} |
around the rib cage under the armpits and around the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus (belly button). They are connected to an oscillator and subsequent frequency demodulation electronics to obtain digital waveforms. During inspiration the cross-sectional area of the rib cage and abdomen increases altering the sel... | {
"page_id": 30407298,
"title": "Respiratory inductance plethysmography"
} |
respiratory synchronization it is not possible to obtain accurate respiratory volumes with a single band. Furthermore, the shape of the acquired waveform tends to be non-linear due to the non-exact co-ordination of the two respiratory compartments. This further limits quantification of many useful respiratory indices a... | {
"page_id": 30407298,
"title": "Respiratory inductance plethysmography"
} |
by the inspired volume in the algebraic sum of RC + AB at the point of the peak of inspiratory tidal volume. This value is higher in woman than in men. The values are also generally higher during acute hyperventilation. Phase Angle - Phi - Normal breathing involves a combination of both thoracic and abdominal (diaphrag... | {
"page_id": 30407298,
"title": "Respiratory inductance plethysmography"
} |
Coliform bacteria are defined as either motile or non-motile Gram-negative non-spore forming bacilli that possess β-galactosidase to produce acids and gases under their optimal growth temperature of 35–37 °C. They can be aerobes or facultative aerobes, and are a commonly used indicator of low sanitary quality of foods,... | {
"page_id": 1505927,
"title": "Coliform bacteria"
} |
from Klebsiella because of their differences in motility. Klebsiella are non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli ranging from 1–2 μm in length. They are facultative anaerobes with a capsule composed of complex acid polysaccharides that allows them to withstand drying for several months. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most comm... | {
"page_id": 1505927,
"title": "Coliform bacteria"
} |
cultured on Tryptone Bile X-Glucuronide (TBX) to appear as blue or green colonies after incubation period of 24 hours. Escherichia coli have an incubation period of 12–72 hours with the optimal growth temperature being 37 °C. Unlike the general coliform group, E. coli are almost exclusively of fecal origin and their pr... | {
"page_id": 1505927,
"title": "Coliform bacteria"
} |
taken from infected individuals. As of February 7, 2022, the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada reported a collective fourteen confirmed cases of E. coli O157 strain illnesses. These were reported between December 2021 and January 2022, and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), the Canadian Food Inspe... | {
"page_id": 1505927,
"title": "Coliform bacteria"
} |
==== Test samples are filtered through standard filter paper and then transferred to M-endo or LES Endo Agar mediums. Colonies appear pinkish-red with green metallic sheen after 22–24 hours of incubation. These colonies can be confirmed as coliforms if they are inoculated in lauryl tryptose (LST), produce gas, and then... | {
"page_id": 1505927,
"title": "Coliform bacteria"
} |
Comparative physiology is a subdiscipline of physiology that studies and exploits the diversity of functional characteristics of various kinds of organisms. It is closely related to evolutionary physiology and environmental physiology. Many universities offer undergraduate courses that cover comparative aspects of anim... | {
"page_id": 9435784,
"title": "Comparative physiology"
} |
confuses phylogenetic reconstruction. 3. To elucidate how physiology mediates interactions between organisms and their environments. This is essentially physiological ecology or ecological physiology. 4. To identify "model systems" for studying particular physiological functions. Examples of this include using squid gi... | {
"page_id": 9435784,
"title": "Comparative physiology"
} |
number of scientific societies feature sections on comparative physiology, including: American Physiological Society Australian & New Zealand Society for Comparative Physiology & Biochemistry Canadian Society of Zoologists Japanese Society for Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry Society for Integrative and Comparat... | {
"page_id": 9435784,
"title": "Comparative physiology"
} |
Univ. Press, New York. Dantzler, W. H., ed. 1997. Handbook of physiology. Section 13: comparative physiology. Vol. II. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. viii + 751-1824 pp. Feder, M. E., A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, and R. B. Huey, eds. 1987. New directions in ecological physiology. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. 364 p... | {
"page_id": 9435784,
"title": "Comparative physiology"
} |
of Zoology. 59 (11): 2151–2158. doi:10.1139/z81-291. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1972. How animals work. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984. Scaling: why is animal size so important? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 241 pp. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1997. Animal physiology: adaptation and environme... | {
"page_id": 9435784,
"title": "Comparative physiology"
} |
Volker Markl (born 1971) is a German computer scientist and database systems researcher. == Career == In 1999, Markl received his PhD in computer science under the direction of Rudolf Bayer at the Technical University of Munich. His doctoral research led to the development of the UB-Tree. From 1997 to 2000, he was rese... | {
"page_id": 69401225,
"title": "Volker Markl"
} |
2014 VLDB Best Paper Award 2012 IBM Faculty Award 2012 IBM Shared University Research Grant 2010 Hewlett Packard Open Innovation Award 2005 IBM Outstanding Technological Achievement Award 2005 IBM Pat Goldberg Best Paper Award == References == == External links == Volker Markl publications indexed by Google Scholar Off... | {
"page_id": 69401225,
"title": "Volker Markl"
} |
Blondel's theorem, named after its discoverer, French electrical engineer André Blondel, is the result of his attempt to simplify both the measurement of electrical energy and the validation of such measurements. The result is a simple rule that specifies the minimum number of watt-hour meters required to measure the c... | {
"page_id": 6945419,
"title": "Blondel's theorem"
} |
tidy pairings of single potential measuring units with single current measuring units. For example, a meter was previously used for four wire services containing two potential coils and three current coils and called a 2.5 element meter. == Blondel Noncompliance == Electric energy meters that meet the requirement of N-... | {
"page_id": 6945419,
"title": "Blondel's theorem"
} |
line to neutral loads. The meter design approximates a two element measurement by combining a half current value with the potential value of the line to line connection. The line to line potential is exactly twice the line to neutral connection if the two line to neutral connections are exactly balanced. Twice the pote... | {
"page_id": 6945419,
"title": "Blondel's theorem"
} |
Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap mild steel, the backing metal (known as "backplate") was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans. In the tinning process, tinplate is made ... | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
the whitesmith. This was done after the article was fabricated, whereas tinplate was tinned before fabrication. Tinplate was apparently produced in the 1620s at a mill of (or under the patronage of) the Earl of Southampton, but it is not clear how long this continued. The first production of tinplate was probably in Bo... | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
almost certainly only producing (untinned) backplate. Tinplate first begins to appear in the Gloucester Port Books (which record trade passing through Gloucester), mostly from ports in the Bristol Channel in 1725. The tinplate was shipped from Newport, Monmouthshire. This immediately follows the first appearance (in Fr... | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
in size as this would be the cross-section of the pack of plates made from it. The bar was cut to the correct length (being the width of the plates) and heated. It was then passed four or five times through the rolls of the rolling mill, to produce a thick plate about 30 inches long. Between each pass the plate is pass... | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
rust) awaiting tinning. The tinning set consisted of two pots with molten tin (with flux on top) and a grease pot. The flux dries the plate and prepares it for the tin to adhere. The second tin pot (called the wash pot) had tin at a lower temperature. This is followed by the grease pot (containing an oil), removing the... | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
version, but not food-safe, using a mixture of lead and tin. == Notes == === Citations === === Sources === == Further reading == | {
"page_id": 2554508,
"title": "Tinplate"
} |
Stabilizing selection (not to be confused with negative or purifying selection) is a type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value. This is thought to be the most common mechanism of action for natural selection because most traits do not appear to change dras... | {
"page_id": 719509,
"title": "Stabilizing selection"
} |
data used to quantify stabilizing selection in a population. The first type of data is an estimation of fitness of different phenotypes within a single generation. Quantifying fitness in a single generation creates predictions for the expected fate of selection. The second type of data is changes in allelic frequencies... | {
"page_id": 719509,
"title": "Stabilizing selection"
} |
be under stabilizing selection, due to their polygenicity and the distribution of the phenotypes throughout human populations. Birth Weight − A classic example of this is human birth weight. Babies of low weight lose heat more quickly and get ill from infectious diseases more easily, whereas babies of large body weight... | {
"page_id": 719509,
"title": "Stabilizing selection"
} |
the circular eyespots positioned on the wings are favoured functionally compared to other shapes and sizes. Gall Size − The Eurosta solidaginis fly lays its eggs on the tip of plants, which then encase the larvae in a protective gall. The size of this gall is under stabilizing selection, as determined by predation. The... | {
"page_id": 719509,
"title": "Stabilizing selection"
} |
of the snow. This means that the leg muscles of the husky are most fit when they are moderately sized, to balance their strength and their weight. == See also == Ambidirectional dominance Assortative mating Balancing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Frequency-dependent foraging by pollinators Fluctu... | {
"page_id": 719509,
"title": "Stabilizing selection"
} |
Dioxanone may refer to: Trimethylene carbonate (1,3-dioxan-2-one) p-Dioxanone (1,4-dioxan-2-one) | {
"page_id": 52230806,
"title": "Dioxanone"
} |
The molecular formula C20H12N2Na2O7S2 (molar mass: 502.42 g/mol, exact mass: 501.9881 u) may refer to: Acid_Red_13 Azorubine Ponceau 6R | {
"page_id": 61143705,
"title": "C20H12N2Na2O7S2"
} |
The Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences is an award given to an individual researcher in chemistry. The prize, awarded biennially, consists of a citation, a medal, and a monetary award of $250,000. The prize is awarded by The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc. to an individual in a selected area of chemistry... | {
"page_id": 26802842,
"title": "Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences"
} |
Tali'Zorah, or Tali in short, is a character in BioWare's Mass Effect franchise, who serves as a party member (or "squadmate") in all three games in the Mass Effect trilogy. She is of the quarian alien race. Within the series, she is a skilled technician and the daughter of Rael'Zorah, a member of the quarian judicial ... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
allowed to join their crew. Having completed this after the first game, her design in Mass Effect 2 and 3 reflects her new maturity. In both Mass Effect 2 and Mass Effect 3, Tali's default appearance can be changed to various alternate outfits; Mass Effect 2 unlocks one outfit by completing her loyalty mission while an... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
with Orah as the familiar name. However, this was changed for both its connotations of softness, which did not fit with the direction they wanted to take the character, and its awkward pronunciation. Tali's name changes over the course of the series. Her birth ship was the Rayya, as evidenced by her full name, "Tali'Zo... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
Like Garrus Vakarian, Tali was not an option for player romantic pursuit in the first game as the developers were unsure whether the alien characters would be emotionally compelling. Tali's romance event tree was added in Mass Effect 2 due to fan demand and her ability to express human emotion. This romance, if pursued... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
just a little too repellant". They were aware that either decision would likely annoy some people, and that no reveal could universally fit all views of Tali. BioWare wished to unveil her face in a "tasteful way" outside of the game engine, and decided that a gift from Tali would be the best way. A stock photo was used... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
spaceship, the Normandy. Onboard the Normandy, Tali is initially excited to be there, intrigued by the advanced technology used to power the Normandy, and stays in the engine room as a result. The next time Shepard speaks to her, though, Tali now seems saddened and withdrawn. She tells Shepard that she's losing sleep s... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
a quarian named Veetor, who is on his own Pilgrimage. The colony has been attacked by the "Collectors," its human colonists abducted, and Tali agrees to work with Shepard in order to help search for Veetor, over the objections of her team. The quarian team rush to Veetor's location only to be defeated by mechanical gua... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
trial, Tali is referred to as "Tali'Zorah vas Normandy," an unexpected revelation that she has been formally reassigned without any notice; this development means that Shepard, as Tali's captain, will represent her in trial. The admirals reveal during the trial that geth have taken over a ship, the Alarei, and that Tal... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
mission. === Mass Effect 3 === Unless the player imports a Mass Effect 2 saved game where Tali cannot appear in Mass Effect 3, Tali shows when the Commander moves to recruit the quarian fleet in the fight against The Reapers, powerful sapient synthetic-organic starships with intentions to harvest all organic life in th... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
up to her appearance in the first game. Originally intending to take the quarian ship Honorata to the planet Illium, along with Keenah'Breizh, in search of valuable items, they discover geth activity on an unidentified ice planet. Tali extracts the memory core from one of the geth, and discovers a recording of a conver... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
felt Famke Janssen would be best suited to play the role of Tali—due to having a similar body to the character and having played Xenia Onatopp, a Russian-accented soldier, in the 1995 Bond film GoldenEye. Within the trilogy, Tali is one of the most popular characters, with various sources describing her as a fan favori... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
which spans across the entire trilogy, and "her personal conflict with Legion is a genuinely tense balancing act, and Tali's loyalty mission deepens your understanding of the geth/quarian conflict and the quarian customs". The first person named after a Mass Effect character, Tali'Zorah, was born on 7 January 2014. Her... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
to be rushed. Kotaku's Luke Plunkett, describing it as a "crushing disappointment", highlighted an artwork by deviantArt artist "K4ll0" that depicted a more alien face. Some critics debated the significance of her appearance, with GameZone's Matt Liebl saying that "no matter what [the developers] did, it would be met w... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
Research, Volume 20, Issue 1, 2020. Puc, Samantha (June 21, 2021). "F*cking Aliens Is The Point". The Mary Sue. == References == == External links == Tali'Zorah profile on the official Mass Effect 2 Website at the Wayback Machine (archived June 23, 2011) "Female Character Profiles: Tali'Zorah, Mass Effect on the offici... | {
"page_id": 38599321,
"title": "Tali'Zorah"
} |
Photoperiod is the change of day length around the seasons. The rotation of the earth around its axis produces 24 hour changes in light (day) and dark (night) cycles on earth. The length of the light and dark in each phase varies across the seasons due to the tilt of the earth around its axis. The photoperiod defines t... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
"dual-day length category". These plants are either long-short-day plants (LSDP) or short-long-day plants (SLDP). LSDPs flower after a series of long days followed by short days whereas SLDPs flower after a series of short days followed by long days. Each plant has a different length critical photoperiod, or critical n... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
night and a long-day plant can flower if exposed to more red-light in the middle of the night. Cryptochromes are another type of photoreceptor that is important in photoperiodism. Cryptochromes absorb blue light and UV-A. Cryptochromes entrain the circadian clock to light. It has been found that both cryptochrome and p... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
during the night; they require a continuous period of darkness before floral development can begin. Natural nighttime light, such as moonlight or lightning, is not of sufficient brightness or duration to interrupt flowering. Short-day plants flower as days grow shorter (and nights grow longer) after September 21st in t... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
lengths for the determination of both traits diverged by about an hour. In Gerris buenoi, another water strider species, photoperiod has also been shown to be the cause of wing polyphenism, although the specific daylengths changed between species, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity in response to photoperiod has evo... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
year is perceived. Many mammals, particularly those inhabiting temperate and polar regions, exhibit a remarkable degree of seasonality in response to changes in daylight hours(photoperiod). This seasonality manifests in a broad spectrum of behaviors and physiology, including hibernation, seasonal migrations, and coat c... | {
"page_id": 1964701,
"title": "Photoperiodism"
} |
In molecular biology mir-370 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. This microRNA, mir-370-3p, has been shown to play a role in heart failure. The upregulation of mir-370-3p in the sinus node leads to downregulation of the pacemaker i... | {
"page_id": 36371101,
"title": "Mir-370 microRNA precursor family"
} |
Pests and diseases of cereals: List of barley diseases List of maize diseases List of insect pests of millets List of pearl millet diseases List of oat diseases List of rice diseases List of wild rice diseases List of rye diseases List of sorghum diseases Category:Triticale diseases List of wheat diseases Category:Inse... | {
"page_id": 70318756,
"title": "Lists of cereal pests and diseases"
} |
The chloride process is used to separate titanium from its ores. The goal of the process is to win high purity titanium dioxide from ores such as ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2). The strategy exploits the volatility of TiCl4, which is readily purified and converted to the dioxide. Millions of tons of TiO2 are produ... | {
"page_id": 13105832,
"title": "Chloride process"
} |
of the chlorine is molecular chlorine Cl2, the reduced form is titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The oxidizing agent is molecular oxygen (O2), the reducing agent is coke. Both must be fed into the process. The titanium is fed into the process in form of ore together with the coke. Titanium ore is a mixture of oxides. The... | {
"page_id": 13105832,
"title": "Chloride process"
} |
Nonanone may refer to: 2-Nonanone 3-Nonanone 4-Nonanone 5-Nonanone | {
"page_id": 59439788,
"title": "Nonanone"
} |
The molecular formula C16H13Cl2NO4 (molar mass: 354.185 g/mol, exact mass: 353.0222 u) may refer to: Aceclofenac Quinfamide | {
"page_id": 24378029,
"title": "C16H13Cl2NO4"
} |
Gary Bryce Fogel (born 1968) is an American biologist and computer scientist. He is the Chief Executive Officer of Natural Selection, Inc. He is most known for his applications of computational intelligence and machine learning to bioinformatics, computational biology, and industrial optimization. == Education and Rese... | {
"page_id": 53803694,
"title": "Gary B. Fogel"
} |
and 2005 in San Diego. He co-founded the IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence in 2023. Fogel served on the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Administrative Committee (2004–2009, 2014–2022) and served as IEEE CIS Vice President of Conferences (2010–2013, 2019). == Teaching == Gary Fogel also serves as adjunc... | {
"page_id": 53803694,
"title": "Gary B. Fogel"
} |
Biological carbon fixation, or сarbon assimilation, is the process by which living organisms convert inorganic carbon (particularly carbon dioxide, CO2) to organic compounds. These organic compounds are then used to store energy and as structures for other biomolecules. Carbon is primarily fixed through photosynthesis,... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
Net vs. gross CO2 fixation == The primary form of fixed inorganic carbon is carbon dioxide (CO2). It is estimated that approximately 250 billion tons of carbon dioxide are converted by photosynthesis annually, nearly one half in the oceans and a bit more in terrestrial environments. The majority of the fixation in terr... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
the dominance of carbon fixation in the oceans. The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into sugar, as triose phosphate (TP), which is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) together with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP): 3 CO2 + 12 e− + 12 H+ + Pi → TP + 4 H2O An alternative perspective accounts for NADPH (source of e−) a... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
alpha-ketoglutarate + Fd(ox) Alpha-ketoglutarate to isocitrate, using NADPH + H+ and another molecule of CO2 Alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NAD(P)H/H+ → Isocitrate + NAD(P)+ Citrate converted into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, this is an ATP dependent step and the key enzyme is the ATP citrate lyase Citrate + ATP + CoA → O... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
the two domains and consists of the reduction of another molecule of CO2 to a carbonyl residue bound to an enzyme, catalyzed by the CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase. This key enzyme is also the catalyst for the formation of acetyl-CoA starting from the products of the previous reactions, the methyl and the carbonyl... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
13 multifunctional enzymes are used. The multi-functionality of these enzymes is an important feature of this pathway which thus allows the fixation of three bicarbonate molecules. It is a costly pathway: 7 ATP molecules are consumed to synthesise the new pyruvate and 3 ATP for the phosphate triose. An important charac... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
in soil through the activity of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. These soil microbes play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by sequestering carbon from decomposed organic matter and recycling it back into the soil, thereby contributing to soil fertility and ecosystem productivity. In soil environment... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
only helps mitigate the accumulation of atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change but also enhances soil fertility, water retention, and nutrient cycling, thereby supporting plant growth and ecosystem productivity. Consequently, understanding the role of soil microbes in biological carbon fixation is essential for ma... | {
"page_id": 719534,
"title": "Biological carbon fixation"
} |
Vital heat, also called innate or natural heat, or calidum innatum, is a term in Ancient Greek medicine and philosophy that has generally referred to the heat produced within the body, usually the heat produced by the heart and the circulatory system. Vital heat was a somewhat controversial subject because it was forme... | {
"page_id": 5307055,
"title": "Vital heat"
} |
to boiling, expanding out through the blood vessels with every beat. This extreme heat, according to him, can lead to a self-consuming flame if it is not cooled by air from the lungs. Galen wrote in On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body (170): "The heart is, as it were, the hearthstone and source of the innate hea... | {
"page_id": 5307055,
"title": "Vital heat"
} |
relies on the cutting power of the fire, which here is identical to the 'Hot', to explain the process of digestion Along with his theory of the role of vital heat in nutrition and digestion, Aristotle believed that vital heat played a role in reproduction which includes several physical parts of the body different from... | {
"page_id": 5307055,
"title": "Vital heat"
} |
heat of the male". == See also == Homeostasis On Breath Pneuma (ancient medicine) Thermoregulation == References == | {
"page_id": 5307055,
"title": "Vital heat"
} |
NeuroQuantology is a monthly peer-reviewed interdisciplinary scientific journal meant to cover the intersection of neuroscience and quantum mechanics. It was established in April 2003 and its subject matter almost immediately dismissed in The Lancet Neurology as "wild invention" and "claptrap". According to the Journal... | {
"page_id": 24640173,
"title": "NeuroQuantology"
} |
Lillie's trichrome is a combination of dyes used in histology. It is similar to Masson's trichrome stain, but it uses Biebrich scarlet for the plasma stain. It was initially published by Ralph D. Lillie in 1940. It is applied by submerging the fixated sample into the following three solutions: Weigert's iron hematoxyli... | {
"page_id": 11598515,
"title": "Lillie's trichrome"
} |
The Genetic Information Research Institute (GIRI) is a non-profit institution that was founded in 1994 by Jerzy Jurka. The mission of the institute "is to understand biological processes which alter the genetic makeup of different organisms, as a basis for potential gene therapy and genome engineering techniques." The ... | {
"page_id": 3603126,
"title": "Genetic Information Research Institute"
} |
Vesna Sossi is a Canadian medical physicist at the University of British Columbia, where she is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and adjunct professor of medicine. Her research interests include theranostics and the use of positron emission tomography in the study of Parkinson's disease. She is pr... | {
"page_id": 77462200,
"title": "Vesna Sossi"
} |
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