README.md

---
language:
  - uk
  - en
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
task_categories:
  - translation
pretty_name: SimIdioms — Aligned Ukrainian–English Idiom Corpus
tags:
  - idioms
  - phraseology
  - ukrainian
  - low-resource
  - multilingual
  - figurative-language
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: sim_idioms.jsonl
---

# SimIdioms

The first aligned **Ukrainian–English idiom corpus** — 2,262 clusters with
idiom strings, translations, contextual example sentences, and figurative
meanings on both language sides.

Companion to the paper *"SimIdioms: A Corpus and Benchmark for Ukrainian
Idiom Translation"* (UNLP 2026). Code and evaluation framework:
[github.com/petrunivyaryna/sim-idioms](https://github.com/petrunivyaryna/sim-idioms).

## Quick start

```python
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("KSE-RESEARCH-Group/sim-idioms", split="train")
print(ds[0])
```

## Schema

Each row is one idiom cluster:

```python
{
  "id_": "SIM-0",
  "uk": {
    "idiom":   [{"text": "...", "field": "idiom" | "translation"}, ...],
    "example": [{"text": "..."}, ...],
    "figurative_meaning":            [{"text": "..."}, ...],
    "figurative_meaning_translated": [{"text": "..."}, ...]
  },
  "en": { ... same fields ... }
}
```

**Total: 2,262 clusters.** 3,595 EN / 2,751 UK idiom strings, 2,885 EN / 2,737 UK
example sentences, 1,723 EN / 1,193 UK figurative meanings (original + translated).

## License

The dataset is tagged **CC BY-SA 4.0**, inherited from the English-side
content (MIDAS). However, the **Ukrainian-side content has additional
restrictions** that override CC BY-SA for that portion — see `LICENSE` for the
full text.

- 🇬🇧 **English-side content** (derived from MIDAS) and the cluster-graph
  structure are released under **CC BY-SA 4.0** — attribution + ShareAlike
  apply.
- 🇺🇦 **Ukrainian-side content** (idioms, figurative meanings, usage examples)
  derived from the *Ukrainian-English and English-Ukrainian Phraseological
  Dictionary* (Condor Publishing House) and the *Dictionary of Phraseological
  Units of the Ukrainian Language* (Bilonozhenko et al., 2003) is included
  **with explicit publisher permission for academic research only**. It may
  **not** be redistributed, mirrored, or used commercially without separate
  permission from Condor Publishing House.

By using this dataset you agree to use the Ukrainian-side content **only for
non-commercial academic research**.

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite our paper:

```bibtex
@inproceedings{petruniv-2026-simidioms,
  title     = {SimIdioms: A Corpus and Benchmark for Ukrainian Idiom Translation},
  author    = {Petruniv, Yaryna and Makogon, Iuliia and Kyslyi, Roman},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Ukrainian Natural Language Processing Workshop (UNLP)},
  year      = {2026}
}
```

### Please also cite the underlying sources

Because SimIdioms is built from existing resources, please also cite them when
using the dataset, in line with their licenses (CC BY-SA 4.0 for the
ShareAlike-licensed sources, and the Condor / Bilonozhenko publishers for the
Ukrainian dictionary content).

```bibtex
@book{horot-etal-2024-ukrainsko,
  title     = {Ukrainsko-anhliiskyi ta anhlo-ukrainskyi frazeolohichnyi slovnyk
               [Ukrainian-English and English-Ukrainian Phraseological Dictionary]},
  author    = {Horot, Ye. I. and Hromyk, Yu. V. and Malimon, L. K.
               and Pavlenko, L. P. and Pavliuk, A. B. and Rohach, O. O.},
  year      = {2024},
  publisher = {Condor Publishing House},
  address   = {Kyiv, Ukraine},
  isbn      = {978-617-7939-03-9}
}

@book{bilonozhenko2003slovnyk,
  title     = {Slovnyk frazeolohizmiv ukrainskoi movy
               [Dictionary of Phraseological Units of the Ukrainian Language]},
  author    = {Bilonozhenko, V. M. and Hnatiuk, I. S. and Diatchuk, V. V.
               and Nerovnia, N. M. and Fedorenko, T. O.},
  publisher = {Naukova Dumka},
  address   = {Kyiv},
  year      = {2003}
}

@inproceedings{kim-etal-2025-memorization,
  title     = {Memorization or Reasoning? Exploring the Idiom Understanding of {LLM}s},
  author    = {Kim, Jisu and Shin, Youngwoo and Hwang, Uiji and Choi, Jihun
               and Xuan, Richeng and Kim, Taeuk},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.1099/}
}

@inproceedings{chaplynskyi2023,
  title     = {Introducing {U}ber{T}ext 2.0: A Corpus of Modern {U}krainian at Scale},
  author    = {Chaplynskyi, Dmytro},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Ukrainian Natural Language Processing Workshop (UNLP)},
  year      = {2023},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2023.unlp-1.1/}
}
```