id int64 225 5.32k | context stringlengths 2.88k 70.8k | question stringlengths 11 194 | answers dict | is_impossible bool 1
class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
262 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children? | {
"answer_start": [
370
],
"text": [
"Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main cause of HIV-1 infection in children worldwide. "
]
} | false |
276 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What plays the crucial role in the Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1 and what increases the risk | {
"answer_start": [
2003
],
"text": [
"DC-SIGNR plays a crucial role in MTCT of HIV-1 and that impaired placental DC-SIGNR expression increases risk of transmission."
]
} | false |
278 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | How many children were infected by HIV-1 in 2008-2009, worldwide? | {
"answer_start": [
2291
],
"text": [
"more than 400,000 children were infected worldwide, mostly through MTCT and 90% of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa. "
]
} | false |
316 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What is the role of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 Like 1 (CCL3L1) in mother to child transmission of HIV-1? | {
"answer_start": [
28143
],
"text": [
"High copy numbers of CCL3L1, a potent HIV-1 suppressive ligand for CCR5, are associated with higher chemokine production and lower risk of MTCT of HIV-1 among South African infants"
]
} | false |
305 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What is DC-GENR and where is it expressed? | {
"answer_start": [
3207
],
"text": [
"Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin-related (DC-SIGNR, also known as CD209L or liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN)) can interact with a plethora of pathogens including HIV-1 and is expressed in placental capillary endothelial ... | false |
306 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | How does the presence of DC-SIGNR affect the MTCT of HIV-1? | {
"answer_start": [
28910
],
"text": [
"the presence of DC-SIGNR at the placental endothelial cell surface may protect infants from HIV-1 infection by capturing virus and promoting its degradation/presentation. "
]
} | false |
307 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | Why do low levels of DC-SIGNR enhance Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1? | {
"answer_start": [
29090
],
"text": [
"in placenta containing low levels of DC-SIGNR, HIV-1 would preferentially binds CCR5 on endothelial cells resulting in a loss of placental barrier integrity and enhanced passage of maternal HIV-1-infected cells in foetal circulation leading to MTCT of HIV-1"
]
} | false |
277 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | What is the percentage of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1, when there is no intervention? | {
"answer_start": [
2137
],
"text": [
"Without specific interventions, the rate of HIV-1 mother-tochild transmission (MTCT) is approximately 15-45%"
]
} | false |
312 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | Does C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) affect the transmission of HIV-1? | {
"answer_start": [
27719
],
"text": [
"Genetic variants in CCR5 have been shown to influence vertical transmission of HIV-1. CCR5 promoter variants resulting in higher expression of the receptor were associated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 among sub-Saharan Africans"
]
} | false |
318 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | How does Mannanose Binding Lectin (MBL) affect elimination of HIV-1 pathogen? | {
"answer_start": [
28335
],
"text": [
"Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immune receptor synthesised in the liver and secreted in the bloodstream in response to inflammation signal. MBL promotes pathogen elimination by opsonization and phagocytosis,"
]
} | false |
321 | Functional Genetic Variants in DC-SIGNR Are Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752805/
Boily-Larouche, Geneviève; Iscache, Anne-Laure; Zijenah, Lynn S.; Humphrey, Jean H.; Mouland, Andrew J.; Ward, Brian J.; Roger, Michel
2009-10-07
DOI:10.1371/journal.... | How can CCR5's effect in HIV-1 transmission be reduced? | {
"answer_start": [
27966
],
"text": [
"The 32-pb deletion polymorphism in CCR5 has be shown to protect from vertical transmission of HIV-1"
]
} | false |
568 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is IFITM? | {
"answer_start": [
353
],
"text": [
"interferon-induced transmembrane"
]
} | false |
569 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | How many cysteine residues are contained in the first transmembrane domain of IFITM3? | {
"answer_start": [
701
],
"text": [
"three"
]
} | false |
570 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What inhibits S-palmitoylation? | {
"answer_start": [
1509
],
"text": [
"2-bromopalmitic acid (2BP)"
]
} | false |
571 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What interaction is inhibited by the presence of 2-bromopalmitic acid (2BP)? | {
"answer_start": [
1807
],
"text": [
"IFITM5 with FKBP11"
]
} | false |
572 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is a function associated with IFITM5? | {
"answer_start": [
2195
],
"text": [
"bone formation factor."
]
} | false |
573 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What regulates the antiviral activity of IFITM3? | {
"answer_start": [
3574
],
"text": [
"S-palmitoylation on the protein"
]
} | false |
574 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is another name for IFITM5? | {
"answer_start": [
6107
],
"text": [
"bonerestricted IFITM-like (BRIL) protein"
]
} | false |
575 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | Why is the expression of IFITM5 not promoted by interferons? | {
"answer_start": [
6335
],
"text": [
"the region upstream of the ifitm5 gene lacks the interferon regulatory elements"
]
} | false |
576 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is the amino acid similarity between IFITM5 and the other IFITM proteins? | {
"answer_start": [
6693
],
"text": [
"~ 65% similarity"
]
} | false |
577 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What is the amino acid similarity between IFITM 1, IFITM 2, and IFITM 3? | {
"answer_start": [
6742
],
"text": [
"~ 85% similarity"
]
} | false |
580 | Role of S-Palmitoylation on IFITM5 for the Interaction with FKBP11 in Osteoblast Cells
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776769/
Tsukamoto, Takashi; Li, Xianglan; Morita, Hiromi; Minowa, Takashi; Aizawa, Tomoyasu; Hanagata, Nobutaka; Demura, Makoto
2013-09-18
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0075831
License:cc-by... | What amino acid might be involved in calcium binding in the C-terminal region of a protein? | {
"answer_start": [
6817
],
"text": [
"aspartate"
]
} | false |
917 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | What is the size of bovine coronavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
840
],
"text": [
"31 kb"
]
} | false |
918 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | What is the molecular structure of bovine coronavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
784
],
"text": [
"single-stranded, linear, and nonsegmented RNA"
]
} | false |
919 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | How many nucleotides does bovine coronavirus contain? | {
"answer_start": [
1873
],
"text": [
"30,847 nucleotides"
]
} | false |
920 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | What is the size of the orf1ab gene in bovine coronavirus? | {
"answer_start": [
2034
],
"text": [
"20kb"
]
} | false |
921 | First Complete Genome Sequence of a French Bovine coronavirus Strain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477389/
SHA: eef0ecf5b8e7b179dadaef967e65f2ab68f021e1
Authors: Kin, Nathalie; Guerard, Pauline; Diancourt, Laure; Caro, Valérie; Vabret, Astrid; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg
Date: 2017-05-25
DOI: 10.1128/genomea... | Is the orf1ab gene at the 3' or 5' end of the bovine coronavirus genome? | {
"answer_start": [
2067
],
"text": [
"5= side"
]
} | false |
1,658 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What is a significant cause of Influenze like illness among healthy adolescents and adults presenting for medical evaluation? | {
"answer_start": [
5069
],
"text": [
"HCoV"
]
} | false |
1,659 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What is the most common species of Human Coronavirus among adults?
| {
"answer_start": [
3997
],
"text": [
"HCoV-OC43"
]
} | false |
1,660 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | Which Human Coronavirus showed species specific clinical characteristics of its infection? | {
"answer_start": [
956
],
"text": [
"HCoV‐HKU1"
]
} | false |
1,717 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What causes the outbreak of SARS and MERS. | {
"answer_start": [
1276
],
"text": [
"Highly virulent species of HCoV"
]
} | false |
1,718 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What is the case fatality rate of SARS and MERS? | {
"answer_start": [
1448
],
"text": [
"ranged from 14% to 45%"
]
} | false |
1,719 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | What were the common HCOV strains in the 5 year USA study? | {
"answer_start": [
4100
],
"text": [
" HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E"
]
} | false |
1,720 | Species‐specific clinical characteristics of human coronavirus infection among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820427/
SHA: edfe02a438fa9b667313da8f03614303fc2a4a14
Authors: Bouvier, Monique; Chen, Wei‐Ju; Arnold, John C.; Fairchok, Mary P.; Danaher, Patrick J.;... | Which species are more prevalent but less severe? | {
"answer_start": [
1517
],
"text": [
"HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E"
]
} | false |
2,996 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What is required for a Hepatitis B infection in cells? | {
"answer_start": [
1158
],
"text": [
"both intracellular and cell-surface factors"
]
} | false |
2,997 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What regulates the broad, but less specific, virus-cell interaction in a hepatitis B infection? | {
"answer_start": [
1727
],
"text": [
"heparan sulfates in the membrane proteins"
]
} | false |
2,998 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | Which protein domain of the Hepatitis B envelope is necessary for infection? | {
"answer_start": [
2168
],
"text": [
"Nterminus of HBV preS1 (amino acids 1-47) "
]
} | false |
2,999 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | Where is NTCP located in the body? | {
"answer_start": [
4322
],
"text": [
"lateral surface (canalicular) of hepatocytes"
]
} | false |
3,000 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | What does the NTCP protein mediate? | {
"answer_start": [
4383
],
"text": [
"bile acid transport "
]
} | false |
3,001 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | Is NTCP sufficient to allow HBV infection? | {
"answer_start": [
5012
],
"text": [
"not sufficient"
]
} | false |
3,002 | One step closer to an experimental infection system for Hepatitis B Virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3562259/
SHA: f4f36a8e9fee64d59ccf22b724c7dab345102658
Authors: Chen, Pei-Jer; Wu, T-C
Date: 2013-01-11
DOI:... | Why is NTCP thought to not be sufficient for HBV infection? | {
"answer_start": [
5054
],
"text": [
"the majority of HepaRG cells were found to express NPCT but not to be infected"
]
} | false |
3,003 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What kinds of viruses are Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), sindbis virus(SV), and dengue virus(DV)? | {
"answer_start": [
1906
],
"text": [
"arboviruses"
]
} | false |
3,004 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What are the current clinically-available methods to detect encephalitis viral antigens? | {
"answer_start": [
2177
],
"text": [
"ELISA and IFA"
]
} | false |
3,005 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What methods exist for detecting multiple antigens simultaneously in a one-sample, laboratory test? | {
"answer_start": [
2474
],
"text": [
"two-dimensional gel electrophoresis , protein chip, mass spectrometry, and suspension array technology"
]
} | false |
3,006 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How many antigens could be detected by Liew's multiplex ELISA test? | {
"answer_start": [
2923
],
"text": [
"9"
]
} | false |
3,007 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What kind of antibodies were used in the ELISA-array assay? | {
"answer_start": [
3480
],
"text": [
"monoclonal"
]
} | false |
3,008 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was the ELISA assay validated? | {
"answer_start": [
3618
],
"text": [
"using cultured viruses and inoculated chicken eggs with patient sera"
]
} | false |
3,009 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What capture antibodies were used in the study? | {
"answer_start": [
4365
],
"text": [
"4D5, 2B5, 1F1, 2B8, 4F9, and 4E11"
]
} | false |
3,010 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | What was the spotting concentration range for the capture antibodies? | {
"answer_start": [
9091
],
"text": [
"from 0.2 to 0.0125 mg/ml"
]
} | false |
3,011 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was the proper spotting concentration determined? | {
"answer_start": [
9317
],
"text": [
"combination of minimized cross reaction and higher signal intensity"
]
} | false |
3,012 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was cross reaction detection determined? | {
"answer_start": [
9606
],
"text": [
"by applying JEV, YF, and DV cultures"
]
} | false |
3,013 | Development of an ELISA-array for simultaneous detection of five encephalitis viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305475/
SHA: ef2b8f83d5a3ab8ae35e4b51fea6d3ed9eb49122
Authors: Kang, Xiaoping; Li, Yuchang; Fan, Li; Lin, Fang; Wei, Jingjing; Zhu, Xiaolei; Hu, Yi; Li, Jing; Chang, Guohui; Zhu, Qingyu... | How was the ELISA-array assay validated? | {
"answer_start": [
3618
],
"text": [
"using cultured viruses and inoculated chicken eggs with patient sera"
]
} | false |
3,014 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | In 2010, how many cases of tuberculosis were estimated in China? | {
"answer_start": [
1869
],
"text": [
"108 per 100,000"
]
} | false |
3,015 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What is the population of Shandong province? | {
"answer_start": [
2484
],
"text": [
"94 million"
]
} | false |
3,016 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the purpose of this study? | {
"answer_start": [
2837
],
"text": [
"estimate the TB prevalence in Shandong"
]
} | false |
3,017 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the age range for the people surveyed? | {
"answer_start": [
3026
],
"text": [
"15 years old or above"
]
} | false |
3,018 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How was the survey designed? | {
"answer_start": [
3393
],
"text": [
"in accordance with WHO recommendations"
]
} | false |
3,019 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Was was the sample size? | {
"answer_start": [
3532
],
"text": [
"52500"
]
} | false |
3,020 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How were the clusters selected? | {
"answer_start": [
3841
],
"text": [
"A stratified multi stage random sampling"
]
} | false |
3,021 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How many people were in a community cluster? | {
"answer_start": [
4236
],
"text": [
"1250 to 1750"
]
} | false |
3,022 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Who was excluded from the study? | {
"answer_start": [
4627
],
"text": [
"Military barracks and prisons"
]
} | false |
3,023 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | When was the study conducted? | {
"answer_start": [
4731
],
"text": [
"March to June 2010"
]
} | false |
3,024 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | Who conducted the study? | {
"answer_start": [
4780
],
"text": [
"clinicians, public health doctors, radiologists, laboratory technicians and nurses"
]
} | false |
3,025 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What medium was used to collect the sputum samples? | {
"answer_start": [
6549
],
"text": [
"Löwenstein-Jensen medium"
]
} | false |
3,026 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the response rate for the study? | {
"answer_start": [
9615
],
"text": [
"95% to 97%"
]
} | false |
3,027 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the average age of a study participant? | {
"answer_start": [
9776
],
"text": [
"46 years"
]
} | false |
3,028 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the prevalence rate in Shandong in 2010 for sputum positive cases of tuberculosis? | {
"answer_start": [
12601
],
"text": [
"22.1"
]
} | false |
3,029 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | What was the most striking finding of the study regarding tuberculosis patients? | {
"answer_start": [
14313
],
"text": [
"a large proportion of TB patients did not present consistent cough"
]
} | false |
3,030 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How many cases of sputum positive tuberculosis patients had no persistent cough? | {
"answer_start": [
14655
],
"text": [
"45%"
]
} | false |
3,031 | Changes in pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence: evidence from the 2010 population survey in a populous province of China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890533/
SHA: eef61bdfa49b8652fd660b5b8b7e74cf51922505
Authors: Wei, Xiaolin; Zhang, Xiulei; Yin, Jia; Walley, John; Beanland, Rachel; Zou, Guanyang; Zha... | How many tuberculosis patients in Shandong were over 65 years old? | {
"answer_start": [
18779
],
"text": [
"over half"
]
} | false |
3,041 | Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/
SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b
Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ... | What enzymes have been reported to be linked with severity of infection and various pathological conditions caused by microorganisms? | {
"answer_start": [
2276
],
"text": [
"cysteine proteases"
]
} | false |
3,042 | Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/
SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b
Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ... | At what temperatures was the assay completed? | {
"answer_start": [
9753
],
"text": [
"32uC, 37uC, 42uC"
]
} | false |
3,043 | Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/
SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b
Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ... | What criteria sets the guideline for drug-like properties? | {
"answer_start": [
6881
],
"text": [
"Lipinski's ''Rule of five''"
]
} | false |
3,044 | Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Thermodynamics of 1-Substituted Pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]Pyridine Derivatives as Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734177/
SHA: ee8483f8f2cc5fe38be4e565eae3af9d0bb8220b
Authors: Khan, Mohd Sajid; Baig, Mohd Hassan; Ahmad, Saheem; Siddiqui, Shapi ... | What could be novel candidates as potent inhibitors of papain like cysteine proteases in resistant microorganisms? | {
"answer_start": [
22962
],
"text": [
"1-substituted pyridylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives"
]
} | false |
1,612 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What method is useful in administering small molecules for systemic delivery to the body? | {
"answer_start": [
3238
],
"text": [
"Intranasal"
]
} | false |
1,615 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | Why is the nasal mucosa useful in the delivery of small molecules into the body? | {
"answer_start": [
3446
],
"text": [
"the surface area can result in rapid absorption of the medication into the blood"
]
} | false |
1,616 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What are the most common methods of inhaled delivery of medications? | {
"answer_start": [
4624
],
"text": [
"Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)"
]
} | false |
1,617 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What medications have shown good promise to in vivo delivery via dry powder inhalers? | {
"answer_start": [
5473
],
"text": [
"insulin [39] and low-molecular-weight heparin [40]"
]
} | false |
1,618 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | How are siRNAs typically delivered for systemic effect? | {
"answer_start": [
5840
],
"text": [
"intratracheal or intranasal delivery"
]
} | false |
1,619 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What structures form the human airway? | {
"answer_start": [
6995
],
"text": [
"respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs"
]
} | false |
1,620 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What size of particle has been shown to be most effective in the delivery to the lower airway? | {
"answer_start": [
7557
],
"text": [
"1-5 μm"
]
} | false |
1,621 | RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816685/
Fujita, Yu; Takeshita, Fumitaka; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Ochiya, Takahiro
2013-02-06
DOI:10.3390/ph6020223
License:cc-by
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions... | What are the essential conditions in siRNA delivery to effectively produce gene silencing in the lungs? | {
"answer_start": [
10025
],
"text": [
"delivered to their site of action, be stable, enter the target cells, and be present in the cytoplasm at sufficient concentration"
]
} | false |
1,622 | Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/
SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745
Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun
Date: 2013-10-10
DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13
License: cc-by
Abstract: Infec... | How long is the SAIBK gene? | {
"answer_start": [
1847
],
"text": [
"27,534 nucleotides"
]
} | false |
1,623 | Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/
SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745
Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun
Date: 2013-10-10
DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13
License: cc-by
Abstract: Infec... | How many open reading frames are in the SAIBK gene? | {
"answer_start": [
1958
],
"text": [
"10"
]
} | false |
1,624 | Complete Genome Sequence of a Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strain Isolated in China
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795213/
SHA: f2df4fc3c60338755fd23da3d7e01c0455e20745
Authors: Yang, Jing-tian; Ma, Bing-cun
Date: 2013-10-10
DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00815-13
License: cc-by
Abstract: Infec... | What virus has the closest genetic identity with the SAIBK gene? | {
"answer_start": [
2061
],
"text": [
"Chinese IBV strain SC021202"
]
} | false |
257 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | How many surgical masks or respirators have past studies projected will be required for a pandemic in the United States? | {
"answer_start": [
6383
],
"text": [
"an estimated 7.3 billion"
]
} | false |
248 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What is the acronym MERS-CoV? | {
"answer_start": [
722
],
"text": [
"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus"
]
} | false |
249 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What are the critical factors that determine the effect of an epidemic? | {
"answer_start": [
474
],
"text": [
"Transmissibility and severity"
]
} | false |
250 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | When did the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declare the 2019-nCoV epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern? | {
"answer_start": [
7759
],
"text": [
"January 30, 2020"
]
} | false |
251 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What influenza virus was identified in China in 2013? | {
"answer_start": [
5591
],
"text": [
"H7N9"
]
} | false |
252 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What past research has been done on severe, single-wave pandemics? | {
"answer_start": [
5562
],
"text": [
"After a new influenza virus (H7N9) was identified in China in 2013, a series of modeling articles described the effect of, and level of preparedness for, a severe, single-wave pandemic in the United States."
]
} | false |
253 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What is a clinical attack rate? | {
"answer_start": [
5816
],
"text": [
"the proportion of individuals who become ill with or die from a disease in a population initially uninfected"
]
} | false |
254 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What was the clinical attack rate in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic? | {
"answer_start": [
5985
],
"text": [
"20%"
]
} | false |
255 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | What is the estimated R0 of COVID-19? | {
"answer_start": [
7158
],
"text": [
"2.2"
]
} | false |
1,657 | Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Lessons From Previous Epidemics
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2761285
February 11, 2020
David L. Swerdlow, MD1; Lyn Finelli, DrPH, MS2
Author Affiliations Article Information
JAMA. 2020;323(12):1129-1130. doi:10.1001/jama.2020... | How many ventilators have past studies projected will be required for a pandemic in the United States?
| {
"answer_start": [
6331
],
"text": [
"35 000 to 60 000"
]
} | false |
5,193 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | How is exhaled breath condensate used in viral research? | {
"answer_start": [
548
],
"text": [
"the isolation of respiratory viruses"
]
} | false |
5,194 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | How many patients were i this study? | {
"answer_start": [
609
],
"text": [
"102"
]
} | false |
5,195 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | What was the conclusion of this study? | {
"answer_start": [
1673
],
"text": [
"EBC collection using the RTube™ is not reliable for diagnosis of respiratory infections"
]
} | false |
5,196 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | How long did the patient breath into the RTube? | {
"answer_start": [
4107
],
"text": [
"10 minutes"
]
} | false |
5,197 | Exhaled breath condensate sampling is not a new method for detection of respiratory viruses
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059288/
SHA: f3b46e7e8f58799207cc44515f859c1daf5e4dfc
Authors: Houspie, Lieselot; De Coster, Sarah; Keyaerts, Els; Narongsack, Phouthalack; De Roy, Rikka; Talboom, Ive; Sisk, Maur... | What followed the reverse transcription step in the analysis? | {
"answer_start": [
9620
],
"text": [
"denaturation step"
]
} | false |
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