location.json

[
    {
        "image": [
            "1.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Japan,Osaka Prefecture/Osaka/Osaka-fu/大阪府",
        "clues": "1.A green and white sign displays the name “堺筋” (Sakaisuji).\n2.The license plate on the white truck on the left includes the name “なにわ” (Naniwa), which is a vehicle registration area for Osaka City.\n3.A sign for“林漆器本店”(Hayashi Shikki Honten)\n4.A sign for “八幡筋”(Hachimansuji)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "2.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Japan,Osaka Prefecture/Osaka/Osaka-fu/大阪府",
        "clues": "1.The extremely dense and messy overhead wires, transformers, and concrete utility poles above the street are iconic features of Japanese streets.\n2.Unique topographical feature: a steep straight ramp slopes downward, with the dense urban landscape of Osaka visible in the distance.\n3.The vehicle in the foreground is a right-hand drive Toyota HiAce, parked on the left side, which conforms to Japan's left-hand traffic rules.\n4.The architectural style is a mix of traditional Japanese tile-roofed houses on the left and modern square apartment buildings.\n5.The road is narrow, with white lines instead of curbs used to demarcate the pedestrian area on the roadside."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "3.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "France,Île-de-France/Ile-de-France/Paris Region",
        "clues": "1.The words on the restaurant's awning.\n2.The street sign marked \"RUE SAINT MERRI\".\n3.The directional sign with French text."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "4.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Beijing/Beijing Municipality/Peking/北京市",
        "clues": "1.A shop sign with the Chinese characters \"铺甲铺\" (Pū Jiǎ Pū).\n2.A shop sign with the Chinese characters \"尚武茶\" (Shàng Wǔ Chá).\n3.A red sign on the building with the Chinese characters \"名杰\" (Míng Jié), which is part of the building’s name."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "5.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Japan,Tokyo/Tokyo Metropolis/Tokyo-to/東京都",
        "clues": "1.A blue street lamp sign with the word \"SHIMOKITAZAWA\" written in Roman letters and the Japanese kanji \"下北沢\" marked on it.\n2.A sign on the utility pole indicating the address \"Kitazawa 2-32-8\" (北沢 2-32-8).\n3.An address plate on the utility pole that reads \"Kitazawa 3-27\" (北沢 3-27).\n4.A sign mentioning \"Kitazawa Kōban\" (北沢交番)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "6.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Shanghai/Shanghai Municipality/上海市",
        "clues": "The Chinese characters \"平安保险\" are visible on the red building in the background.The number \"1921\" is carved into the stone facade of a large building.A magnificent early 20th-century European architectural style (Neoclassicism / Beaux-Arts style)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "7.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Fujian/Fujian Province/Fukien/福建省",
        "clues": "1.Two distinctive sail-shaped skyscrapers in the background.\n2.The traffic signs (including speed limit signs and no-parking signs) are all standard signs in China.\n3.The old buildings adopt the arcade-style architectural structure."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "8.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Beijing/Beijing Municipality/Peking/北京市",
        "clues": "1.A striking red tower with a traditional Chinese green-tiled double-eaved roof.\n2.A dense landscape of grey-tiled roofs.\n3.The viewing angle seems to be from a rooftop bar or restaurant, a common amenity in the hutong area around the Drum Tower that is popular among tourists."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "9.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Fujian/Fujian Province/Fukien/福建省",
        "clues": "1.A striking orange convenience store sign with the Chinese name “斗西便利店”.\n2.A yellow shared bike in the foreground, with a license plate starting with the characters “闽 D”.\n3.The sign text below the main sign advertises“海堤茶叶”."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "10.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "France,Île-de-France/Ile-de-France/Paris Region",
        "clues": "1.The grand glass pyramid\n2.The historic palace building in the background\n3.The tricolor flag fluttering on the palace roof\n4.The equestrian statue on the left side of the pyramid"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "11.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Jiangsu/Jiangsu Province/江苏省",
        "clues": "1.Traditional Chinese architecture with white walls and black tiles.\n2.Traditional-style sightseeing boats sailing on the canal.\n3.A large number of orange paper lanterns hanging on the buildings.\n4.A stone arch bridge spanning the canal in the background.\n5.A sign on the building with the Chinese characters “初见”."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "12.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Australia,Victoria/VIC",
        "clues": "1.The visible red sign in the upper left corner.\n2.The logo on the blue construction crane.\n3.The name \"FLORSHEIM\" on the corner store.\n4.The \"Citadines\" sign.\n5.The \"THAI TIDE\" restaurant sign.\n6.Vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "13.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Liaoning/Liaoning Province/辽宁省",
        "clues": "1.The side of a large ferry is printed with \"COSCO SHIPPING\" and its corresponding Chinese characters \"中远海运\".\n2.A blue road sign with white characters displaying the place names: “人民东路”“滨海大道”“疏港路” .\n3.A building on the left is marked with the sign \"123 GARDEN\".\n4.The overall topographical feature of the modern city: a main road extends downward to a large seaport, with mountains and another area of the city visible on the opposite bank of the water."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "14.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Liaoning/Liaoning Province/辽宁省",
        "clues": "1.The destination display screen of the tram shows the Chinese characters  “201 区间”， indicating that this is a short-working service of Route\n2\n0\n1.\n2.The tram features a unique retro design and a yellow-green two-tone paint scheme.\n3.The sign on the building on the left bears the Chinese characters “如家华驿”.\n4.The license plate number on the front of the tram is \"7-2267\"."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "15.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Egypt,Cairo Governorate/Cairo/Al-Qahirah",
        "clues": "1.A street sign bearing the Arabic text “حارة الصالحية” and its transliteration “HARET AL SALHEYYA”.\n2.A shop sign with the name “Hassan & lajab”, which includes a phone number starting with the prefix “012”.\n3.Several other signs written in Arabic.\n4.An architectural style featuring narrow alleys paired with multi-story historical buildings.\n5.The business types advertised on the signs (such as “GALLERY STONES”, a gemstone gallery, and “Precious Stones...And Silver”, a store selling gemstones and silverware)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "16.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Italy,Lazio/Latium",
        "clues": "1.Grand and broad stone steps\n2.The church at the top of the steps, identifiable by its white facade and two symmetrical bell towers\n3.An antique-style obelisk standing in front of the church\n4.The surrounding buildings are in shades of ochre and terracotta"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "17.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Chongqing/Chongqing Municipality/重庆市",
        "clues": "1.A cluster of giant skyscrapers with horizontal sky bridges connecting them\n2.The “ASCOTT” logo on one of the skyscrapers\n3.A dense, well-layered urban landscape that blends old and new architectural styles\n4.A distant sign bearing the Japanese characters “の九条”"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "18.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Chongqing/Chongqing Municipality/重庆市",
        "clues": "1.A massive multi-storey building complex that incorporates traditional Chinese architectural styles, built on a steep mountainside.\n2.The sign text on a building below.\n3.The prominent red truss bridge in the foreground."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "19.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Singapore,Singapore",
        "clues": "1.The blue sign reads \"Keep left when crossing the road\".\n2.The symbol on the blue sign.\n3.The building with the shop sign that says COURTS.\n4.The building with the hotel sign that says Pullman.\n5.The green Holiday Inn Express logo on the background building."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "20.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Singapore,Singapore",
        "clues": "1. The OCBC Centre building, identifiable by its architecture and the OCBC logo.\n2. The Singtel Comcentre building, identifiable by the Singtel logo.\n3. A green road sign with directions to \"New Bridge Rd\", \"Hill St\", and \"River Valley Rd\".\n4. An \"ERP\" (Electronic Road Pricing) gantry sign, a system unique to Singapore.\n5. A car with a Singaporean license plate format, starting with \"S\" (SLB8922J).\n6. The FWD logo on a modern skyscraper.\n7. The distinctive white arched design of the Elgin Bridge over the Singapore River."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "21.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Australia,Victoria/VIC",
        "clues": "1.The red banner on the left side of the street\n2.Vehicles keep left\n3.Trams and dense tram tracks run through the center of the street\n4.A web address ending with “.com.au” is printed on the side of a Hertz truck\n5.The car in the foreground has a blue license plate with white characters"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "22.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Saudi Arabia,Riyadh Province/Riyadh Region/Ar Riyad",
        "clues": "1.The skyscrapers in the background, featuring a unique inverted parabolic arch at the top.\n2.A striking skyscraper with a pointed spire on top and two golden spheres near the summit.\n3.The road sign on the far left of the frame bears Arabic text.\n4.The vehicles on the wide highway are left-hand drive."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "23.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Saudi Arabia,Riyadh Province/Riyadh Region/Ar Riyad",
        "clues": "1.On the blue sign on the right side of the expressway\n2.Arabic text can be seen on a building on the left\n3.The unique arched bridge/overpass structure above the multi-lane expressway\n4.The hazy orange-red sky suggests an arid or desert climate here\n5.Vehicles keep to the right"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "24.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Japan,Tokyo/Tokyo Metropolis/Tokyo-to/東京都",
        "clues": "1.A striking red-and-white communication and observation tower is clearly visible in the background.\n2.An iconic skyscraper with a curved facade stands at the center of the skyline.\n3.A building featuring a large BOSCH logo."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "25.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Shanghai/Shanghai Municipality/上海市",
        "clues": "1.The blue license plate of the car\n2.The logo on the delivery box at the rear of the electric scooter\n3.The iconic plane trees planted along the street"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "26.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "United States,New York/NY/New York State",
        "clues": "1.Central Building Tower\n2.A yellow taxi, specifically a Toyota RAV\n4\n3.A subway entrance marked “23 Street Station”\n4.Green spherical lights at the subway entrance\n5.A large park adjacent to the skyscraper\n6.Rainbow lighting effects on the building"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "28.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Jiangsu/Jiangsu Province/江苏省",
        "clues": "1.The distinctive arched skyscraper in the background\n2.The foreground building adopts traditional Chinese architectural style, featuring white walls and black tiles\n3.All the street signs are written in Chinese characters\n4.The sign on one of the buildings"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "29.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Russia,Moscow/Moskva",
        "clues": "1.The high-rise buildings in the background\n2.The license plate of a white taxi with the regional code “777”\n3.The Cyrillic letters on the side of a delivery truck on the right\n4.A blue house number sign marked with the number “9” visible on a pole"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "30.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Russia,Moscow/Moskva",
        "clues": "1.A Russian Orthodox church building featuring red brick walls, white decorative lines, and multiple colorful onion domes (gilded and blue) adorned with Orthodox crosses.\n2.The license plate of the black car reads “М111ВК 777”.\n3.Traffic signs including a blue rectangular bus lane sign and a circular mandatory direction sign."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "31.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Shaanxi/Shaanxi Province/陕西省",
        "clues": "1.The centrally located, brightly lit building\n2.The tall and slender communication tower visible in the background\n3.The building sign in a close-up image clearly displays the Chinese characters “中国农业银行”\n4.The scene shows a wide and busy avenue leading straight to the historic tower in the center"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "32.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "China,Shaanxi/Shaanxi Province/陕西省",
        "clues": "1.The large traditional building on the right has a green-tiled roof and red columns.\n2.The photo was taken from a tall historic building with a stone base.\n3.A blue road sign bears the Chinese characters “西大街”.\n4.The background blends traditional Chinese architecture with modern high-rises."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "33.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "United States,New York/NY/New York State",
        "clues": "1.A green street sign that reads “West 34th St”.\n2.Another green street sign that reads “West 33rd St”.\n3.Skyscrapers are visible in the background.\n4.A large billboard bearing the mark “OUTFRONTPRIME”."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "34.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Netherlands,North Holland/Noord-Holland",
        "clues": "1.A traffic sign bearing the Dutch word “uitgezonderd”, which means “excluding”.\n2.Tall and narrow brick buildings with gable roofs.\n3.Lifting hooks are visible on the top of the buildings.\n4.A sign on a building on the left displays the word “HUUR”, which means “for rent” in Dutch."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "35.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Netherlands,North Holland/Noord-Holland",
        "clues": "1.A canal with numerous small boats moored along its banks.\n2.The distinctive tower of Zuiderkerk (Southern Church).\n3.The architectural style of the narrow houses lining the canal.\n4.Both sides of the canal are lined with lush green trees.\n5.A small arched bridge spanning the canal can be seen in the distance."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "36.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Spain,Community of Madrid/Madrid/Comunidad de Madrid",
        "clues": "1.The building in the image is identifiable by its black dome, the statue of the Goddess of Victory, and the \"METROPOLIS\" sign on its facade.\n2.The magnificent and ornate white building located on the left side of the foreground.\n3.The large building with a colonnade on the right side of the west street.\n4.The blue city bus.\n5.The word \"PROSPERIDAD\" on the bus's destination sign."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "37.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Spain,Community of Madrid/Madrid/Comunidad de Madrid",
        "clues": "1.A street sign indicating the directions to Avenida de Sevilla (SEVILLA), Avenida de Alcalá (ALCALÁ) and City Center (CENTR, abbreviation for CENTRO).\n2.A street address sign that reads (la Alcalá 31).\n3.Banners with Spanish slogans: “POR SER MUJERES” and “NOS QUEREMOS VIVAS”.\n4.Part of a large stone fountain in classical style can be seen in the foreground.\n5.Ornate, uniquely designed multi-head lampposts are lined up along the street."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "38.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "Egypt,Cairo Governorate/Cairo/Al-Qahirah",
        "clues": "1.The Arabic words are clearly displayed on the license plate of the motorcycle in the bottom right corner.\n2.The massive sand-colored stone dome.\n3.The tall and slender minaret in the distant background.\n4.The overall architectural style of the mosque complex and its surrounding buildings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "39.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "United Kingdom,England/Greater London",
        "clues": "1.A street sign reads \"GERRARD STREET W1\".\n2.A large red banner is printed with the Lunar New Year greeting “恭喜發財”—the Cantonese transliteration of the Chinese phrase \"Gong Xi Fa Cai\".\n3.Vertical flags bear Chinese characters.\n4.Buildings featuring Western European architectural styles are decorated with Chinese elements such as red lanterns and paifang (traditional archways).\n5.A standard European \"No Entry\" traffic sign."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "40.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "United Kingdom,England/Greater London",
        "clues": "1.The distinctive Gothic Revival architectural style of the bridge towers\n2.Suspension cables and elevated pedestrian walkways\n3.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road\n4.The license plate of a black car reads \"BL21 PFC\"\n5.The blue lighting effects on the bridge structure"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "vclavsk_nmst_prague_1_prague_czech_republic_h180_r100_20250317_191548.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "czechia,prague/prague/hlavní město praha/hlavní město praha/capital city of prague/capital city of prague",
        "clues": "1.A red dragon sculpture hanging in the alley.\n2.A sign with the word \"KINO\" on it.\n3.The narrow lanes and architectural style typical of Central European cities.\n4.Asian-style lanterns indicating that there are Asian-themed restaurants nearby."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "via_don_minzoni_07041_alghero_ss_italy_h225_r100_20250324_120510.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "italy,sardinia/sardinia/sardegna/sardegna",
        "clues": "1.The word \"Stile\" is clearly written in italics on the glass door of the store to the left of the café.\n2.The license plate of the silver car on the far left features a format with blue vertical stripes on both the left and right sides, and an alphanumeric combination in black characters on a white background in the middle. Some vehicles have \"CA\" marked on their license plates or body stickers.\n3.The building’s balcony uses a partition made of black metal and transparent glass, and is equipped with a retractable white awning.\n4.Curbs and large rectangular concrete flower beds (planted with pink and white flowers)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "olympia_park_lusaka_zambia_place_r2000_20250324_193013.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "zambia,lusaka province/lusaka province/lusaka/lusaka",
        "clues": "1.Traffic keeps to the right on the road.\n2.High protective wire fences and a courtyard layout.\n3.The trees and vegetation indicate a subtropical climate with signs of a dry season.\n4.Water tower facilities are located on elevated platforms, which is common in areas lacking a stable water supply.\n5.The width and paving method of urban roads."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "carl-zuckmayer-strae_salzburg_austria_h180_r100_20250324_194956.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "austria,salzburg/salzburg state/state of salzburg/land salzburg",
        "clues": "1.A large natural stone retaining wall on the right side.\n2.A spacious integrated sidewalk and bicycle lane with a light gray asphalt surface.\n3. Drainage ditches are inlaid with precision precast concrete slabs.\n4. Temperate mixed forest vegetation typical of Central Europe.\n5.Road marking design without additional colors."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_zahra_district_jeddah_saudi_arabia_h180_r100_20250324_192652.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "saudi arabia,makkah province/makkah region/mecca province/mecca region",
        "clues": "1.At the top of the facade, there is a large red canvas awning with the word \"ساندويتش\" (sandwich) written in bold white Arabic script.\n2.The restaurant features huge, transparent floor-to-ceiling glass windows that take up almost the entire storefront, creating barely any visual barrier between the interior and the exterior. The kitchen, staff, and customers are all clearly visible, making the whole store feel like an extension of the street.\n3.The restaurant’s brand name \"Hamoni\" (هاموني) is clearly printed on the placemat in the foreground."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "volzhsky_prospekt_samara_russia_h225_r100_20250324_212505.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,samara oblast/samara region/samarskaya oblast/samara/samarskaya oblast'",
        "clues": "1. Vehicles drive on the right side of the road.\n2.The text on the billboards is purely Russian, with typical Russian suffix inflections.\n3.Broad tree-lined avenues with closely arranged street trees whose trunks are uniformly whitewashed.\n4.The layout of dual overhead suspended cables.\n5.The layout of shrubs, flowers and plants planted in the central median strip."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "sdlisko_ahanovce_koice_slovakia_h225_r100_20250324_150744.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "slovakia,košice region/kosice region/košický kraj/kosicky kraj",
        "clues": "1.Road markings combining solid white lines and dashed white lines.\n2.The style of public facilities featuring straight-pole street lamps.\n3.Simple-designed billboards.\n4.Low hills in the background.\n5.Industrial facilities (chimneys) visible in the distance.\n6.A layout of open suburban grassland mixed with industrial zones."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "naklua_road_pattaya_city_chon_buri_thailand_h315_r100_20250324_142919.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "thailand,chon buri/chonburi/chang wat chon buri/chon buri province/chonburi province",
        "clues": "1.Typical square concrete utility poles on the left side.\n2.A hanging blue banner printed with Thai script.\n3.A modified motorcycle with a sidecar (Saleng) in the lower left corner.\n4.A distinctive light blue multi-story building with arched windows on the right side.\n5.Relaxed land use, where exquisite detached buildings are directly adjacent to simple shacks, with dense surrounding vegetation.\n6.Tropical vegetation and a clear, highly exposed sky."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "chinatown_surabaya_east_java_indonesia_h180_r100_20250317_195749.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "indonesia,east java/east java/east java province/east java region/province of east java/jawa timur/jawa timur province/jawa timur region/province of jawa timur",
        "clues": "1.The text on the snack stall banner: “WARUNG POJOK 'BU LIA'”\n2.Dishes listed on the menu include “RAWON”、“PECEL”and“SOTO”.\n3.A “becak”appears in the background.\n4.A sign mentions  “GO-PAY”.\n5.The background building has a roof with traditional Javanese style."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ulitsa_venskaya_kudrovo_saint_petersburg_russia_h45_r100_20250324_132050.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,leningrad oblast/leningrad oblast/leningrad region/leningrad region/leningradskaya oblast'/leningradskaya oblast'/leningradskaya oblast/leningradskaya region/leningradskaya region",
        "clues": "1.High-rise modern residential apartment buildings with enclosed balconies.\n2.The exterior walls of the buildings adopt a distinctive color scheme of beige, brown and blue stripes.\n3.Thick snow covers the ground and roads.\n4.High-pressure sodium street lamps emitting an orange glow.\n5.A typical Russian urban planning layout, with wide open spaces between streets and buildings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "tkalieva_ulica_zagreb_croatia_h315_r100_20250317_193446.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "croatia,city of zagreb/zagreb/grad zagreb",
        "clues": "1.Wooden chairs with heart-shaped cutouts.\n2.Paintings depicting log cabins in a snowy landscape.\n3. A distinctive bright yellow perforated gate.\n4.A sidewalk and a chalkboard menu outside the door.\n5.A cozy atmosphere created by red cushions and heavy wooden tables."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "brussels_south_station_area_anderlecht_brussels_belgium_h225_r100_20250317_184819.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "belgium,brussels/brussels/bruxelles/bruxelles/brussels-capital region/brussels-capital region/bruxelles-capitale/bruxelles-capitale",
        "clues": "1.The escalators leading to Platforms 19 and 20 extend upward, indicating that the station adopts an elevated track design (with the hall on the lower level and the platforms on the upper level).\n2.A distinctive black grid-patterned (waffle-patterned) ceiling with embedded square lighting panels.\n3.A red perforated metal bench in the foreground on the left side.\n4.Hanging signboards with a dark blue background and white text.\n5.A large information kiosk marked with an \"i\" symbol on the right side, featuring distinctive red side wall decorations and located prominently in the station hall.\n6.Platform numbers going up to 20 confirm that this is a large-scale international hub station."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rua_de_alfredo_cunha_matosinhos_porto_portugal_h90_r100_20250317_181759.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "portugal,porto/porto/oporto/oporto",
        "clues": "1.The cobblestone pavement style inside the parking lot.\n2.The architecture combines large modern apartment buildings with old whitewashed houses.\n3.A blue public transport bus is visible in the distance on the left side.\n4.A dedicated bicycle lane is marked on the sidewalk."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "av_francia_rosario_santa_fe_argentina_h45_r100_20250324_155335.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "argentina,santa fe/santa fe province/province of santa fe",
        "clues": "1.The graffiti on the building walls contains Spanish words such as \"PERRO\" and \"AMOR\".\n2.The graffiti may use verbs in the voseo form.\n3.The position of the sun in the northern part of the sky indicates that the location is in the Southern Hemisphere.\n4.The architectural style and the overall suburban setting, including vegetation and road layout, are consistent with the urban suburbs of South America, especially Argentina.\n5.The local graffiti tag \"PERRO SUZI\"."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "boulevard_du_28_novembre_rohero_bujumbura_burundi_h0_r100_20250324_163602.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "burundi,bujumbura mairie/bujumbura city/bujumbura",
        "clues": "1.The shooting vehicle is a silver/gray pickup truck, with roof rack bars visible on the hood.\n2.The roadside embankments and unpaved areas show distinctly deep red-orange soil.\n3.The road curbs are painted in black and white stripes, indicating that this is a major urban road or an administrative area.\n4.Tall, slender conical trees (Mast trees) are neatly planted on the right side of the road, which are common tropical urban street trees.\n5.The sky looks slightly hazy and appears grayish-white, consistent with the climatic characteristics of tropical regions."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "cebu_south_road_talisay_cebu_philippines_h45_r100_20250324_135753.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "philippines,central visayas/region vii/region 7",
        "clues": "1.A motorcycle with a covered sidecar traveling on the right side of the road, with a cargo rack mounted on the top of the sidecar.\n2.An orange-and-white gas station visible in the distance on the left side of the road, identified as the Flying V brand.\n3.A blue bungalow with a metal roof, featuring the typical appearance of a Sari-sari store (grocery store), along with an unfinished concrete hollow-block building behind it.\n4.An asphalt road surface, with concrete-widened shoulders on both sides and a solid yellow line in the middle.\n5.A yellow sign on the fence, displaying a Philippine-format mobile phone number (starting with 09).\n6.Flat terrain and tropical vegetation."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "brigade_road_shanthala_nagar_ashok_nagar_bengaluru_karnataka_560001_india_h270_r100_20250317_203759.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "india,karnataka/karnataka/state of karnataka/state of karnataka/karnataka state/karnataka state",
        "clues": "1.A large collection of beaded and stone necklaces.\n2.A stone-carved elephant ornament on the top shelf.\n3.Other stone-carved decorative objects (such as spheres, vases and pyramid-shaped pieces), most likely made of soapstone/steatite.\n4.The dense necklace display style on the wall features designs that combine silver (or cupronickel/german silver) with semi-precious stone beads (such as agate, tourmaline and turquoise)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "fenton_street_rotorua_new_zealand_h0_r100_20250324_152346.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "new zealand,bay of plenty/bay of plenty/te moana-a-toi/te moana-a-toi",
        "clues": "1.A distinctive blue pointed street name sign reading \"Cairns St\".\n2.A broad asphalt avenue with a lawn median and tall deciduous street trees.\n3.A traffic sign with a blue background and white arrow saying \"Keep Left\" is installed in the middle of the road.\n4.A single-story bungalow with a beige exterior wall and a hipped roof is visible on the left side.\n5.Vehicles are parked on the left side, confirming the left-hand traffic rule.\n6.The terrain is flat, the sky is cloudy, and the sunlight is intense."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "mustame_tallinn_estonia_h135_r100_20250317_181552.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "estonia,harju county/harjumaa/harju maakond",
        "clues": "1.Dense pine forests and typical flat terrain.\n2.Renovated Soviet-era panel buildings are visible in the background.\n3. Grey granite sett paving is used along the edges of the roundabout.\n4.Red-and-white chevron directional signs stand among the bushes.\n5.Distinctive metal lattice-style street lamp poles."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "bandaragama_kalutara_western_province_sri_lanka_h225_r100_20250324_164454.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sri lanka,western province/western province/western province of sri lanka/western province sri lanka/western province (sri lanka)",
        "clues": "1.Vegetation characteristics (humid area): Extremely lush, dark green grass and trees.\n2.Topographic features (coastal plain): Flat and open terrain with no obvious mountains.\n3.Plant species: The silhouettes of coconut trees can be seen in the distance.\n4.Agricultural landscape: The flat grassland along the road shows characteristics of fallow rice fields or wetlands.\n5.Weather conditions: Thick cloud cover and an overcast sky."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "otsu_shiga_japan_h45_r100_20250324_212725.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,shiga prefecture/shiga prefecture/shiga/shiga",
        "clues": "1.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road, with Japanese-style license plates.\n2.A standard Japanese railway crossing, equipped with black-and-yellow striped barriers and warning lights.\n3.Tall orange dawn redwood trees in the park on the right side, showing a temperate autumn landscape.\n4.Distinctive reddish-brown/rust-colored vintage-style street lamp poles.\n5.Flat terrain and low mountains in the distance.\n6.Blue-and-white commercial signs on the buildings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_muhammad_street_dammam_saudi_arabia_h180_r100_20250324_145033.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "saudi arabia,eastern province/eastern region/al-sharqiyah/ash sharqiyah",
        "clues": "1.The architectural style of these villas is characterized by sandy-colored facades, red-tiled roofs and arched windows.\n2.The presence of a large number of date palms indicates a hot and arid climate here.\n3.Tall and sturdy privacy walls surrounding the properties.\n4.The wide, well-maintained asphalt roads point to a modern and highly developed urban area.\n5.Gorgeous black metal gates."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "montgomery_road_cincinnati_oh_usa_h135_r100_20250324_162241.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,ohio/state of ohio/buckeye state",
        "clues": "1.English traffic sign \"No Turn on Red\".\n2.Horizontally mounted traffic lights and a dense layout of overhead cables.\n3.Architectural style combining a brick ground floor and a wooden upper floor.\n4.Green street name signs and street width.\n5.Relatively sparse street view and low building density."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "xi'an_high-tech_zone_yanta_district_xi'an_shaanxi_china_place_r2000_20250317_193757.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,shaanxi/shaanxi province/shaanxi sheng/shaanxi province of china/shaanxi/china/shan xi sheng",
        "clues": "1.The sunshade umbrella is printed with the \"Hoegaarden\" logo and the simplified Chinese characters \"福佳白啤酒\".\n2.The architectural style of the high-rise residential building on the left features a facade clad in beige and dark gray tiles.\n3.The sky appears grayish-white and slightly hazy.\n4.Temperate vegetation (deciduous trees and spherical shrubs) and flat terrain.\n5.A modern urban environment that blends residential buildings with the glass-canopied entrance of a public facility."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "hakata_fukuoka_japan_h225_r100_20250317_180944.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,fukuoka/fukuoka/fukuoka city/fukuoka city/fukuoka-shi/fukuoka-shi",
        "clues": "1.The Chinese character \"貸切\" (Kashikiri) on the side of the coach bus on the left.\n2.The sign \"SUNGREAT MANSION GALLERY\" on the white building in the background.\n3.The specific phone number \"0120-433-630\" displayed on the sign.\n4.Typical Japanese concrete utility poles and a dense layout of overhead cables.\n5.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road (though there are no clear lane markings, the parking position of the coach bus implies left-hand traffic)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ulitsa_ammosova_yakutsk_sakha_republic_russia_h90_r100_20250324_160332.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,sakha republic/republic of sakha/yakutia/respublika sakha/yakutiya/sakha (yakutia)/sakha (yakutiya)/respublika sakha (yakutiya)",
        "clues": "1.There is a large black sign inscribed with #МосКальян, which is a Russian term corresponding to the English #MosKalyan.\n2.At the corner of the building, there is a small blue street sign marked ул. Каландаришвили, 40, indicating the address is 40 Kalandarishvili Street.\n3.On the edge of the roof, a sign bears the Russian word СТОЛИЦА, which means CAPITAL.\n4.The sign on the adjacent building displays the Russian words МИЛАН (MILAN) and ТОРГОВЫЙ ДОМ (TRADING HOUSE).\n5.All visible text on the building uses exclusively the Cyrillic alphabet."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_mina_manama_bahrain_h45_r100_20250317_195451.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "bahrain,capital governorate/al-asimah/al-asimah governorate/capital/capital municipality/manama governorate/muḥāfaẓat al-ʿāṣimah",
        "clues": "1.Typical flat-roofed buildings in the Gulf region, with beige or white exterior walls adapted to the hot climate.\n2.Black-and-white striped curbs.\n3.A clear, bright blue sky and intense sunlight.\n4.Lush drought-tolerant green trees lining both sides of the road.\n5.Traffic rule of right-hand traffic.\n6.Red-and-white inverted triangular Yield traffic sign."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "downtown_savannah_ga_usa_h0_r100_20250317_191826.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,georgia/state of georgia/ga",
        "clues": "1.The logo on the green trash bin belongs to Recology, a waste management company.\n2.The bin’s unique color combination—green and dark body paired with a yellow lid—is an iconic feature of Recology’s commercial services in specific areas such as Portland.\n3.The building is constructed from red brick and stucco."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "st_pietersberg_caves_maastricht_netherlands_h90_r100_20250316_234155.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "netherlands,limburg/limburg",
        "clues": "1.The river is wide and flows gently, with embankment structures.\n2.One side of the river is lined with hills and woodlands, while the other side is a flat area.\n3.Industrial buildings and tall chimneys are located along the riverbank.\n4.The overall climate and vegetation type (temperate zone, mixed forest)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "astrakhan_riverside_area_astrakhan_russia_h135_r100_20250324_135230.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,astrakhan oblast/astrakhan region/astrakhanskaya oblast/astrakhan'",
        "clues": "1.A sign with Cyrillic text that reads \"САЛЮТЫ & ФЕЙЕРВЕРКИ\" (Fireworks & Pyrotechnics).\n2.A modern building with a blue glass facade, decorated with multicolored (rainbow) stripes on the top.\n3.Typical Soviet-era panel apartment buildings are visible in the background.\n4.A yellow diamond-shaped priority road traffic sign.\n5.A blue square-shaped pedestrian crossing sign.\n6.Overhead power lines."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "adelaide_central_market_australia_h90_r100_20250316_232747.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,south australia/south australia/sa/sa",
        "clues": "1.Air-dried sausages and meat products are hanging inside the freezer.\n2.The beverage bottles have simple labels, and the juice packages adopt natural tones.\n3.A combination of glass-bottled water and specialty drinks."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "binningerstrasse_basel_switzerland_h45_r100_20250324_143159.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "switzerland,basel-stadt/basel city/basel-city/canton of basel-stadt/basel/basel-stadt canton",
        "clues": "1. Parallel tram tracks and overhead power supply lines on the left side of the road.\n2.A yellow dashed line marking the center of the road.\n3.A wide green belt and trees alongside the tram tracks.\n4.A stone retaining wall and mature trees on the right side.\n5.A red tower crane in the distance, indicating an urban construction site."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ilidza_sarajevo_bosnia_and_herzegovina_h45_r100_20250324_140254.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "bosnia and herzegovina,federation of bosnia and herzegovina/federation of bosnia and herzegovina/federation of b&h/federation of b&h/federation/federation",
        "clues": "1.The street lamps are of the tall, straight-pole black style.\n2.An iconic facility with a modern tower-like structure.\n3.The layout form of commercial buildings and billboards.4,The color and format of vehicle license plates."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "polana_maputo_mozambique_h270_r100_20250324_152739.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "mozambique,maputo/maputo city/city of maputo",
        "clues": "1.The magnificent historic building on the right, featuring a white exterior wall, classical colonial style, balconies, and arched ground-floor windows.\n2.A large outdoor swimming pool, with a unique dark blue compass rose or star-shaped mosaic pattern paved at the bottom.\n3.The outlines of modern high-rise urban buildings visible in the background on the left.\n4.Potted palm trees and tropical landscapes on the pool deck.\n5.A spacious paved terrace area, furnished with lounge chairs and folded sun umbrellas."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ichibancho_aoba_ward_sendai_miyagi_japan_h315_r100_20250324_114655.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,miyagi prefecture/miyagi prefecture/miyagi/miyagi",
        "clues": "1.Three sake barrels displayed above the door are inscribed with the large Chinese characters “辯天”， which is not only a sake brand but also the name of this izakaya.\n2.A yellow standing sign outside the door reads “天丼” and “ラーメン”with a marked price of \"¥600\", indicating that this is a Japanese restaurant.\n3.A dark blue noren hanging at the door is printed with a white family crest.\n4.The texts on the posters on the wall and the hand-drawn map on the left are all in Japanese.\n5.The narrow alley outside the door and the roller shutter door opposite present the typical style of a Japanese yokocho (a small alley lined with eateries)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "jingyue_high-tech_zone_changchun_jilin_china_place_r2000_20250324_132608.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,jilin province/jilin/ji lin sheng/吉林省/吉林",
        "clues": "1.The top of a tall skyscraper in the distance is marked with the letters \"GTC\".\n2.There are large open spaces on both sides of the viaduct.\n3.Hardy arbor trees account for a high proportion in the green belt.\n4.The air visibility is extremely high in summer, with distant views clear and sharp."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "plateau_abidjan_ivory_coast_place_r2000_20250317_202934.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "côte d'ivoire,abidjan autonomous district/abidjan/district autonome d'abidjan",
        "clues": "1.The vertical \"noom\" sign on the exterior wall of the high-rise building.\n2.The pink skyscraper next to the Noom Hotel.\n3.The building with red and white horizontal stripes in the background.\n4.The view overlooking the modern city skyline from the rooftop pool.\n5.Vehicles driving on the right side of the wide multi-lane road."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "clarke_road_blanchardstown_dublin_ireland_h225_r100_20250317_194226.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "ireland,county dublin/dublin/dublin city/dún laoghaire–rathdown/fingal/south dublin",
        "clues": "1.The architectural style adopted by the two-story house in the background.\n2.Lush green grass and deciduous trees.\n3.The path is paved with concrete slabs.\n4.The blue public utility box on the left side.\n5.A low rendered concrete wall is built on the right side of the path."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rambla_repblica_del_per_pocitos_montevideo_uruguay_h270_r100_20250317_201219.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "uruguay,montevideo/montevideo/departamento de montevideo/department of montevideo",
        "clues": "1.The distinctive red-and-gray tile pattern on the sidewalk.\n2.The large mid-20th-century modern apartment buildings lining the coastal road.\n3.The wide coastal boulevard named \"Rambla\", stretching parallel to the coastline.\n4.The tall palm trees planted alongside the boulevard.\n5.The typical urban landscape of a large coastal city in South America."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "boulevard_de_la_bataille_de_stalingrad_villeurbanne_lyon_france_h315_r100_20250317_192815.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "france,auvergne-rhône-alpes/auvergne rhone alpes/auvergne-rhone-alpes/auvergne rhône alpes/ara",
        "clues": "1.That ancient and rugged rubble stone retaining wall.\n2.The overhead catenary above the railway tracks, indicating that this is an electrified railway line.\n3.That modern two-way separated bicycle lane, with a green belt in the middle and unique low wooden fences equipped.\n4.The street lamps adopt a unique minimalist dark gray design.\n5.The presence of a large number of plane trees."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "sluppen_trondheim_norway_h0_r100_20250317_181718.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "norway,trøndelag/trøndelag/central norway/central norway",
        "clues": "1.The wall adopts an alternating concrete texture design, including vertical stripes and a distinctive checkerboard (grid) pattern.\n2.A rough exposed aggregate band (Plinth) is installed at the bottom of the wall, which serves to resist the impact of winter snowplows, corrosion from road salt, and hide the dirt splashed by melting snow.\n3.This is a modern, well-maintained underpass equipped with functional box-type lighting fixtures.\n4.The asphalt pavement inside the tunnel is very smooth and clean, without any obvious potholes."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_wakrah_commercial_area_al_wakrah_qatar_h270_r100_20250324_200543.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "qatar,al wakrah municipality/al wakrah/al wakra",
        "clues": "1.A sign bearing the text \"EIDBAJ\" on the exterior wall of the building.\n2.The architectural style of these buildings is a common type in the Persian Gulf region.\n3.A directional sign with blue and white chevron patterns at the roundabout.\n4.The clear blue sky and landforms suggest that this area has an arid climate."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "tidbinbilla_road_paddys_river_canberra_act_australia_h225_r100_20250324_141717.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,australian capital territory/act/canberra/australian capital territory (act)/territory of the seat of government",
        "clues": "1.Dry, golden tall grasses cover most of the foreground and midground, indicating an arid climate or the height of summer.\n2.Trees are scattered across the background and hillsides, featuring irregular branching and grayish-green foliage—hallmark characteristics of typical eucalyptus trees.\n3.The terrain consists of rolling low hills, exhibiting the features of an ancient, eroded landscape.\n4.A wire fence with metal gates and wooden/metal posts is installed, typical of the fencing style used on farms or in nature reserves.\n5.The sky is an extremely clear, deep blue, with intense sunlight and not a single cloud in sight.\n6.The ground soil is dry, mixed with gravel, and appears light brown."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "altamira_caracas_venezuela_h225_r100_20250317_192840.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "venezuela,miranda/miranda/miranda state/miranda state",
        "clues": "1.The large mountain in the background.\n2.The sidewalk paved with red-orange square floor tiles.\n3.Lush tropical greenery and trees.\n4.The concrete flower beds in the road's central divider.\n5.The circular speed limit sign painted on the road surface.\n6.The stone retaining walls and residential buildings are typical features of the residential area at the foot of the mountain."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "bislett_oslo_norway_h270_r100_20250324_133423.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "norway,oslo/oslo/oslo region/oslo region/city of oslo/city of oslo/oslo municipality/oslo municipality",
        "clues": "1.Light-colored, smooth exterior walls and horizontal strip windows.\n2.Black metal roller shutter doors form a high contrast with the light-colored walls.\n3.Dark, rough asphalt pavement.\n4.The building has no redundant decorations overall."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenue_de_l'europe_34170_castelnau-le-lez_france_h135_r100_20250324_205539.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "france,occitanie/occitanie/occitania/occitania/languedoc-roussillon-midi-pyrénées/languedoc-roussillon-midi-pyrénées",
        "clues": "1.The modern architectural style of this apartment building is characterized by a mix of neutral-toned rendered walls and bright colored panels (lime green and magenta).\n2.A white vertical-bar grille door is fitted at the entrance to the parking lot.\n3.The minimalist metal railings on the balconies complement the practical and modern aesthetic of the entire building.\n4.The overall urban setting looks like a newly built residential area in a European city."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_de_madrid_alcal_de_henares_valladolid_spain_h135_r100_20250324_140721.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "spain,madrid/community of madrid/comunidad de madrid",
        "clues": "1.The typical Stone Pine (Pinus pinea) in the background on the left.\n2.The gently rolling hills in the background.\n3.Green wire mesh fences with concrete bases.\n4.The slightly dry and yellowish-brown ground vegetation.\n5.A wide and smooth concrete sidewalk."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "redwood_drive_utica_ny_usa_h315_r100_20250324_165642.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,new york/ny/new york city/nyc/the big apple/gotham/the city that never sleeps",
        "clues": "1.Sidewalk design combining concrete and bricks\n2.White parking space markings\n3.Pickup truck with a standard rectangular license plate of the United States\n4.Modern glass curtain wall building in the background\n5.Temperate broadleaf tree species"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "magnetic_hill_moncton_nb_canada_h180_r100_20250317_185717.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "canada,new brunswick/province of new brunswick/nouveau-brunswick",
        "clues": "1.A go-kart track can be seen in the background behind the fence.\n2.A red fire hydrant is installed at the edge of the grass on the left.\n3.An American-style wooden utility pole supports a complex network of overhead wires, including thick coaxial cables.\n4.Two white posts stand at the entrance of the gravel parking lot as markers.\n5.A distinct mix of birch trees (with white bark) and coniferous trees.\n6.The road in the foreground has an obvious curve, edged with concrete curbs, and the pavement shows cracks and repair marks caused by freeze-thaw cycles."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "maklkl_brazzaville_republic_of_the_congo_h180_r100_20250324_160114.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "republic of the congo,brazzaville/brazzaville region/brazzaville district",
        "clues": "1.The wall is painted in a two-tone color scheme—white on the upper part and blue (cyan-blue) on the lower part—a typical color feature of police stations or official administrative buildings in this region.\n2.The windows are fitted with heavy-duty metal security bars with geometric patterns, suggesting that the building serves a security function.\n3.The ground is unpaved reddish-brown sandy soil.\n4.The building is a single-story concrete structure with a corrugated metal roof, conforming to the common local architectural style.\n5.Tropical vegetation such as palm trees can be seen in the background.\n6.The overcast and gloomy sky with diffused light reflects the common weather conditions of the equatorial climate in this region."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "harpa_concert_hall_austurbakki_2_reykjavik_iceland_h0_r100_20250317_202446.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "iceland,reykjavík/reykjavik/reykjavíkurborg/reykjavikurborg",
        "clues": "1.A highly recognizable glass-and-steel facade adorned with geometric patterns composed of hexagons and other polygons.\n2.Some of the glass panels are tinted, with the yellow ones clearly visible.\n3.Looking out through the windows, a port or coastal area comes into view, and the presence of a crane indicates that construction work is underway here."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "eaglehawk_bendigo_vic_australia_h315_r100_20250324_124728.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,victoria/victoria/state of victoria/state of victoria/victoria state/victoria state/vic/vic",
        "clues": "1.This two-story red-brick building with a clock tower and a corridor.\n2.A war memorial obelisk stands in front of the main building.\n3.Tall eucalyptus trees grow all around.\n4.The road layout is quite unique, with streets extending in a forked pattern around the central building situated on a triangular roundabout.\n5.A smaller building in classical style is located beside the main building."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_reforma_manzanillo_mexico_h135_r100_20250324_192442.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "mexico,colima/colima/state of colima/free and sovereign state of colima",
        "clues": "1.The simple concrete building with an external staircase and a flat roof is a very common architectural style in Mexico and other parts of Latin America.\n2.The presence of a coconut palm tree and other lush green foliage indicates a tropical climate.\n3.The road is unpaved, consisting of dirt and gravel, which suggests a rural or less-developed area.\n4.A small blue satellite dish is mounted on the roof, often used for TV reception in areas without cable infrastructure.\n5.The number \"7\" is painted above the door, a common way of marking addresses in the region."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "gamla_uppsala_uppsala_sweden_h270_r100_20250324_120315.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sweden,uppsala county/uppsala län/uppsala",
        "clues": "1.A huge, grass-covered circular artificial mound.\n2.An extremely flat and vast stretching background.\n3.Typical Scandinavian mixed vegetation, consisting of dark evergreen coniferous trees and leafless deciduous trees.\n4.Overcast gray sky, low-angle light, and withered yellow grassland.\n5.A rural wooden fence in the distance."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "optics_valley_software_park_hongshan_district_wuhan_hubei_china_h270_r100_20250324_142613.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,hubei province/hubei province/hubei/hubei/hubei sheng/hubei sheng/hu bei sheng",
        "clues": "1.The exterior wall of the building is covered with small rectangular beige tiles.\n2.Metal security grilles are installed on the ground-floor windows.\n3.The tree on the right is a ginkgo tree.\n4.The base of the tree trunk is painted with white limewash.\n5.The purple shrubs planted on the ground are Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum.\n6.Moss grows in the gaps of the brick-paved road surface."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "barki_lahore_punjab_pakistan_place_r2000_20250324_194214.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "pakistan,punjab/punjab province/punjab/pakistan",
        "clues": "1.Golden ripe wheat, close to harvest time.\n2.Temperate agricultural landscape with background trees.\n3.Large-scale wheat cultivation, a typical feature of major producing areas.\n4.Rural scene in the background.\n5.Appearance of hard wheat varieties."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "heimdal_trondheim_norway_h90_r100_20250324_123617.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "norway,trøndelag/trondelag",
        "clues": "1.A sign with the exclusive blue logo and the word \"PRIMA\" is attached to the building's facade.\n2.A modern Scandinavian-style office building, along with a cluster of colorful apartment buildings in the background.\n3.The road curves to the right, winding around a brick retaining wall with staircases.\n4.A flagpole standing in front of the main building."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "pansio_turku_finland_h135_r100_20250324_133505.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "finland,southwest finland/varsinais-suomi/finland proper",
        "clues": "1.A circular \"No Parking\" or \"No Stopping\" sign with a red border and blue background.\n2.An inverted triangular \"Yield\" sign with a red border.\n3.A yellow triangular warning sign with a red border in the distance.\n4.A mixed forest of birch and pine trees.\n5.Modern, practical street lamps with a simple and smooth design.\n6.A wide asphalt road with flat, well-maintained pavement and white traffic markings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "centro_histrico_puerto_iguaz_argentina_h135_r100_20250317_201128.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "argentina,misiones/misiones province/province of misiones",
        "clues": "1.Extremely prominent deep red soil (Tierra Colorada).\n2.Dense subtropical green vegetation and a clear blue sky.\n3.A multi-story concrete building under construction in the background.\n4.The edge of the asphalt road lacks formal curbs and is directly connected to the red soil shoulder.\n5.Low-rise commercial buildings with metal awnings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rua_dos_guajajaras_barro_preto_belo_horizonte_mg_brazil_h270_r100_20250324_155357.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "brazil,minas gerais/minas gerais/state of minas gerais/state of minas gerais/minas gerais state/minas gerais state",
        "clues": "1.The traffic sign on the right is white with a red circle and a black letter \"E\" in the middle.\n2.Car models such as Fiat Palio and Peugeot\n2\n0\n6.\n3.Tall and leafy trees.\n4.A mix of old residential buildings with tiled roofs and modern high-rises, a typical scene of large Brazilian cities.\n5.This street has a slight slope."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "batu_ferringhi_penang_malaysia_h180_r100_20250324_125958.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "malaysia,penang/penang/pulau pinang/pulau pinang/state of penang/state of penang",
        "clues": "1.The Jalur Gemilang (Malaysian national flag) hanging on both sides of the street.\n2.A green street sign with white text that reads \"JALAN TASIK TAMBAHAN\".\n3.Stylish white high-rise public housing flats/apartments in the background.\n4.Standard Malaysian road infrastructure, including black-and-white striped curbs and traffic light poles painted with black-and-white stripes at the base."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "solna_stockholm_sweden_h225_r100_20250324_123656.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sweden,stockholm county/stockholms län/stockholm region/region stockholm",
        "clues": "1.Blue-and-white zebra crossing markings.\n2.Dense railway tracks and overhead wires indicate that this is an important railway hub.\n3.That uniquely designed white arch bridge.\n4.These modern buildings with glass facades.\n5.Temporary construction barriers and signs."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_masawi_street_al_rayyan_doha_qatar_h0_r100_20250317_193451.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "qatar,doha municipality/doha municipality/doha/doha/ad dawhah/ad dawhah",
        "clues": "1.Beige and white building exterior walls.\n2.Blue parking awnings.\n3.Wall-mounted air conditioners on the building facades.\n4.Neat and standardly paved roads and parking areas.\n5.Open balconies with guardrail designs."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "mihama_ward_chiba_japan_h270_r100_20250324_135430.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,chiba/chiba/chiba prefecture/chiba prefecture/chiba-ken/chiba-ken",
        "clues": "1. White tubular metal road guardrails unique to Japan.\n2.A massive concrete elevated railway bridge that meets the construction standards of Shinkansen (featuring heavy beams and columns, as well as noise barriers).\n3.Japanese domestic car models in the parking lot, such as the Toyota Prius and boxy Kei cars.\n4.Road markings and vehicle parking patterns indicating left-hand traffic.\n5.Flat terrain and a neatly planned suburban landscape."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_ipiranga_partenon_porto_alegre_brazil_h225_r100_20250324_200056.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "brazil,rio grande do sul/rio grande do sul/rio grande do sul state/rio grande do sul state",
        "clues": "1.An open canal with grassy slope revetments runs along the right side of the road.\n2.Concrete utility poles with a distinctive stepped appearance stand on the right side.\n3.Red markings are present on the road surface directly beneath the traffic lights.\n4.Lush street trees are planted on the left side of the road, with high-rise buildings visible in the distance."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "yubileynaya_street_tolyatti_samara_oblast_russia_h225_r100_20250324_145442.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,samara oblast/samara region/samarskaya oblast'/samarskaya region/samarskaya oblast",
        "clues": "1.Typical grey-panel apartment buildings in the Soviet architectural style in the background.\n2.A low yellow tubular metal fence separating the lawn from the road.\n3.A wide asphalt road with white dashed lane markings.\n4.An overcast sky and temperate green vegetation.\n5.A typical urban high-pole street lamp design."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "white_sands_dar_es_salaam_tanzania_h90_r100_20250324_212400.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "tanzania,dar es salaam/dar es-salaam/dar es salaam city/dar es-salaam city/dar",
        "clues": "1.sA wooden plaque above the door frame, with the text \"...an's ...nce Centre\" on it.\n2.White cylindrical columns supporting the ceiling in the inner hall.\n3.Dark wooden door frames, decorative moldings, and the wooden reception desk on the left side.\n4.Glossy reddish-brown floor tiles laid in the corridor on the right side.\n5.Gray commercial carpets laid in the inner rooms."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ullared_halmstad_sweden_h90_r100_20250324_133538.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sweden,halland county/halland county/halland/halland/hallands län/hallands län",
        "clues": "1.A sign with a blue background, featuring a concise style.\n2.The river water is clear, and the grass along the bank is neatly trimmed.\n3.The vegetation consists of a typical temperate mixed forest of deciduous and coniferous trees."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "el_alamein_village_matrouh_egypt_place_r2000_20250324_170912.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "egypt,marsa matrouh governorate/marsa matruh governorate/mersa matruh governorate/mersa matrouh governorate",
        "clues": "1.A horizontal tricolor national flag of red, white and black fluttering atop the building on the left.\n2.A magnificent multi-story resort complex with distinctive exterior walls in terracotta, yellow and beige.\n3.Unique conical red-roofed towers on the buildings.\n4.A marina area in front of the buildings, where white yachts and boats are berthed\n5.Turquoise seawater and a blue sky in the foreground, indicating a sunny coastal location."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "kista_stockholm_sweden_h270_r100_20250324_123607.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sweden,stockholm county/stockholms län/stockholm region",
        "clues": "1.An elevated concrete viaduct.\n2.That modern multi-story building in the background.\n3.The road layout is characterized by a large curved green belt or roundabout in the foreground.\n4.The overall neat and orderly urban style.\n5.The style of the street lamps along the road."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "dwarka_new_delhi_india_h180_r100_20250317_202933.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "india,delhi/national capital territory of delhi/nct of delhi/new delhi",
        "clues": "1.The sign on the pillar contains text in Devanagari (Hindi) and English.\n2.The mural on the wall reads \"स्वच्छ सर्वेक्षण 2022\" (Swachh Survekshan 2022), which is India's annual cleanliness survey.\n3.The election poster says \"VOTE SUPPORT ELECT BALLOT NO. 3 B. D. PANDEY FOR TREASURER\", indicating an election for a local association (such as a bar association).\n4.Vegetation (deciduous trees) and urban infrastructure (wide roads, red-brick apartment buildings under construction, dusty road shoulders)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "lapu-lapu_street_mandaue_city_cebu_philippines_h90_r100_20250324_115440.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "philippines,central visayas/region vii/central visayas region",
        "clues": "1.The signboard of a stall displays the common Filipino phrase \"LOAD NA DITO\".\n2.The signboard also seems to have the words \"GCash\" and \"Pay…\" marked on it.\n3.This stall is a \"sari-sari store\".\n4.The buildings here feature concrete walls, metal security grilles, and corrugated metal roofs.\n5.A dense, jumbled mess of electrical wires can be seen hanging in the air."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "senri-chuo_toyonaka_osaka_japan_h315_r100_20250317_182619.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,osaka/osaka/osaka city/osaka city/osaka-shi/osaka-shi/ōsaka/ōsaka/ōsaka-shi/ōsaka-shi",
        "clues": "1.A Japanese sign with a blue background and white text, displaying the platform number \"2\".\n2. A modern dark gray striped ceiling design with recessed lighting.\n3.Typical Japanese public transport waiting seats, featuring blue cushions and gray backrests.\n4.Travelers with large luggage and crowds dressed in business attire.\n5.A large curved glass window and a semi-enclosed air-conditioned waiting room structure."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "sheikh_najjar_industrial_city_aleppo_syria_place_r2000_20250324_215501.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "syria,aleppo governorate/aleppo/halab governorate/halab",
        "clues": "1.A large monumental stone arch under construction, which also serves as an entrance gate.\n2.The architectural style blends modern design with traditional Islamic elements, such as pointed arch structures.\n3.The arid and mountainous landscape combined with light-colored soil is a typical feature of the Middle East.\n4.Neatly planned orchards can be seen on the hillsides in the background.\n5.A large number of scaffolding is erected around the main structure of the building, indicating that this photo was taken during the construction period.\n6.Light-colored dressed stone is a commonly used building material in this region."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "xishan_district_wuxi_jiangsu_china_place_r2000_20250324_213020.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,jiangsu/jiangsu/jiangsu province/jiangsu province",
        "clues": "1. The exterior wall of the building is made of pale yellow stone and features large-scale arched porches.\n2.The top of the building has a rectangular upper floor, with sculptures decorating its four corners.\n3.There is a circular fountain structure in the square in front, and the fountain is not in operation.\n4.A large exhibition poster is attached to the left wall, suggesting that this is a public cultural venue.\n5.Low flower beds and neatly arranged benches are situated around the square."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "antakalnio_gatv_antakalnis_vilnius_lithuania_h315_r100_20250317_200333.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "lithuania,vilnius county/vilniaus apskritis/vilnius region",
        "clues": "1.The word \"Lietuvos\" is visible on the blue advertising pillar.\n2.A green newsstand of the iconic design branded \"Lietuvos spauda\".\n3.The overhead cables strung above the street indicate the presence of a trolleybus system.\n4.A house number plate with the number \"76\" in blue characters on a white background is clearly visible on the exterior wall of the building.\n5.A five-story grey residential building constructed of brick-concrete or precast panels, in a Soviet architectural style.\n6.A blue square pedestrian crossing sign that complies with European standards."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "londonderry_turnpike_hooksett_nh_03106_usa_h90_r100_20250324_151348.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,new hampshire/nh/state of new hampshire",
        "clues": "1.Rough natural granite curbing is widely used for traffic islands and road edges.\n2.Dense tar snakes (asphalt crack repair marks) are visible on the road surface.\n3.A typical house with white wooden siding can be seen on the left side.\n4.Dense forest vegetation that mixes deciduous broadleaf trees and evergreen coniferous trees.\n5.A standard U.S. MUTCD R5-1 \"DO NOT ENTER\" traffic sign."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rungkut_industrial_estate_surabaya_indonesia_h45_r100_20250317_200009.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "indonesia,east java/east java/jawa timur/jawa timur",
        "clues": "1.The ground is paved with zigzag-patterned interlocking concrete bricks in red and grey.\n2.Traditional terracotta charcoal stoves (Anglo) are piled up in the bottom right corner.\n3.A large number of potted plants are placed along both sides of the narrow alleyway.\n4.Dense two-to-three-story concrete residential buildings equipped with balconies and wooden folding doors on the ground floor.\n5.Vertical small advertisement stickers are affixed to the drainpipes.\n6.A blurry green banner on the left side."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "liberty_bell_center_philadelphia_pa_usa_h315_r100_20250317_203428.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,pennsylvania/commonwealth of pennsylvania/pa",
        "clues": "1.On the left stands a towering reddish-brown rectangular skyscraper.\n2.The central building has a facade featuring horizontal alternating strips of dark glass and light-colored stone.\n3.At the base of the building, there is a large pavilion or hall entrance with a glass curtain wall structure, where a crowd has gathered.\n4.The ground is paved with a distinctive herringbone-patterned red brick path.\n5.The park area contains neatly trimmed green lawns and has a modern corporate campus layout."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "blue_ridge_road_raleigh_nc_usa_h225_r100_20250324_162139.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,north carolina/north carolina/nc/n.c./the tar heel state/old north state",
        "clues": "1.This large modern office building with a glass curtain wall that is under construction.\n2.The style of this suspended yellow traffic light.\n3.The layout of the wide multi-lane highway and the crossroads.\n4.The lush green grass combined with deciduous trees presents the landscape features of a temperate climate as a whole."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "gold_souk_mall_sushant_lok_phase_i_sector_43_gurugram_haryana_india_h225_r100_20250317_202901.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "india,haryana/haryana",
        "clues": "1.A yellow Paytm QR code payment sign is placed on the reception desk.\n2.A large Buddha face portrait adorns the front of the reception desk, which is a common decorative element in spas.\n3.The overall environment adopts a soft dim light design in blue-purple tones.\n4.The interior decoration uses stone-like wall materials and minimalist-style furniture."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenue_roger_salengro_villeurbanne_lyon_france_h90_r100_20250317_190959.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "france,auvergne-rhône-alpes/auvergne rhone alpes/auvergne rhône-alpes/auvergne-rhone-alpes/auvergne rhone-alpes/auvergne rhône alpes/auvergne-rhône alpes",
        "clues": "1.This light blue car is a Citroën C3 Picasso.\n2.That white car is also a Citroën.\n3.The architectural style of these apartment buildings.\n4.The blue circular mandatory direction sign and the green \"P\" parking sign.\n5.The vehicle license plate has a blue stripe on its left side."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "sugar_house_salt_lake_city_ut_84106_usa_h0_r100_20250324_195524.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,utah/state of utah/ut",
        "clues": "1.A suburban ranch-style house with a low-slope roof and an attached garage.\n2.The front door of the main house is a striking bright orange.\n3.Tall and lush deciduous trees paired with a neatly trimmed green lawn.\n4.A paved asphalt road with concrete curbs and sidewalks.\n5.A concrete driveway leading to the house."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "miasteczko_akademickie_lublin_poland_h0_r100_20250324_150753.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "poland,lublin voivodeship/lublin province/lubelskie",
        "clues": "1.The public utility box in the foreground is printed with the PGE logo.\n2.The signboard of the background building bears the Polish words \"SKLEP SPOŻYWCZY\".\n3.The architectural style of these apartment buildings.\n4.There are other words on the public utility box, such as \"Dystrybucja\" and \"Stacja nr...\"."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_habeeb_salalah_oman_h45_r100_20250324_163345.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "oman,dhofar governorate/dhofar/z̧ufār/zufar",
        "clues": "1.The silver sedan in the foreground with a distinct vertical yellow stripe on its body.\n2.The exterior walls of the building are covered with beige/light brown stone materials.\n3.The architectural design featuring traditional arched windows and decorative balconies.\n4.Curbs painted in black and yellow stripes.\n5.Gray traffic light poles and traffic lights with black backplates.\n6.Typical urban vegetation in an arid climate."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "spielberk_office_centre_brno_czech_republic_h315_r100_20250324_194740.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "czechia,south moravian region/south moravian region/jihomoravský kraj/jihomoravský kraj",
        "clues": "1.The door handle is a stainless steel push-down type, equipped with an independent round base and a European-style lock cylinder.\n2.Both the door and door frame adopt a light-colored beech wood grain finish.\n3.The glass door with a frosted geometric pattern showcases a modern and practical office decoration style.\n4.The purple walls are combined with a modern door design."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "belmont_forum_227_belmont_ave_cloverdale_wa_6105_australia_h0_r100_20250324_121809.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,western australia/western australia/wa/wa",
        "clues": "1.The store sign reads \"Rockmans\".\n2.The store sign of \"SHOE KINGS\" is located to the left of Rockmans.\n3.The promotional slogans on the window are written in English, such as \"50% off\".\n4.The ceiling adopts a unique modern design, featuring a large oval hollow structure with built-in lighting fixtures.\n5.A service kiosk is set up in the center of the mall corridor, right in front of the stores."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "pacific_avenue_tacoma_wa_usa_h0_r100_20250317_185351.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,washington/washington state/state of washington/washington d.c./washington/d.c./district of columbia",
        "clues": "1.A striking store sign that reads \"Bucky's\".\n2.There is a line of blurry text beneath the words \"Bucky's\".\n3.A yellow center line and white lane dividers.\n4.Wooden utility poles, which are very common in the United States.\n5.On the right side of the road stands a distinctive two-story brick house.\n6.The scene as a whole presents the look of a suburban commercial street found in many cities across the United States."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "w_floating_feather_rd_eagle_boise_id_usa_h45_r100_20250324_214602.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,idaho/idaho/state of idaho/state of idaho/id",
        "clues": "1.这栋单层牧场风格的住宅外墙采用米色护墙板。\n2.带有变压器和横担的木质电线杆。\n3.落叶乔木的枝头飘落下红黄相间的叶片。\n4.整体地貌相对干燥平坦。\n5.混凝土人行道与带白色边线的沥青道路。"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "chiang_mai_night_bazaar_chang_klan_road_chiang_mai_thailand_h0_r100_20250317_191324.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "thailand,chiang mai/chiang mai/chiangmai/chiangmai/chang wat chiang mai/chang wat chiang mai/chiang mai province/chiang mai province",
        "clues": "nan"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "hillevgsveien_hillevg_stavanger_norway_h315_r100_20250317_183326.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "norway,rogaland/rogaland/rogaland county/rogaland county",
        "clues": "1.These houses adopt an architectural style of wooden siding and sloped roofs.\n2.The yellow dashed center line on the road.\n3.The striking red bicycle lane.\n4.The branches of the deciduous trees are bare.\n5.The wide and smooth road is equipped with green belts and modern street lamps."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "av_guajira_maracaibo_zulia_venezuela_h315_r100_20250324_124548.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "venezuela,zulia/zulia state/estado zulia",
        "clues": "1.Extremely flat terrain with no mountains visible on the horizon.\n2. Typical low-rise concrete residential buildings (urbanización) on the left, featuring a mint green and white color scheme.\n3.A wide asphalt avenue with an unpaved or sparsely vegetated median strip in the middle.\n4.Concrete utility poles and transformers.\n5.Intense, bright sunshine and a deep blue sky.\n6.Flat-roofed commercial or industrial buildings on the right side of the road."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "moorhouse_avenue_addington_christchurch_new_zealand_h225_r100_20250324_141639.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "new zealand,canterbury/canterbury/canterbury region/canterbury region",
        "clues": "1.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road.\n2.A blue road sign with white characters is mounted on the utility pole.\n3.These include pedestrian traffic signals showing a green walking figure, as well as vertical and horizontal vehicle traffic signals.\n4.The utility poles are made of wood.\n5.A green \"bike box\"—a forward stop line for cyclists—is marked on the road surface."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_serrano_medelln_antioquia_colombia_h90_r100_20250324_151954.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "colombia,antioquia/antioquia department/department of antioquia",
        "clues": "1. Dark stacked stone wall (Estilo Fachaleta).\n2.Retractable translucent roof system (Techo corredizo).\n3.Tall cypress hedge for privacy screening (Seto de cipreses).\n4.Modern white jacuzzi installed on the semi-enclosed terrace.\n5.Bright blue sky and distinct clouds, which are characteristic of the high-altitude climate in the Andes Mountains."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_jahra_commercial_area_al_jahra_kuwait_h90_r100_20250324_134739.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "kuwait,al jahra governorate/al jahra/jahra",
        "clues": "1.Distinctive rough stacked beige stone veneer on the pillars.\n2.Typical Starbucks interior design elements, including blue armchairs, wooden tables, and standardized condiment stations.\n3.A green bilingual (English and Arabic) \"EXIT\" safety sign above the door that complies with local regulations.\n4.Intense sunlight, a cloudless blue sky outside the window, as well as desert-climate-adapted vegetation (neatly trimmed drought-tolerant trees).\n5.Predominantly white vehicles in the parking lot."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "akaroa_new_zealand_h45_r100_20250316_232910.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "new zealand,canterbury/canterbury/canterbury region/canterbury region",
        "clues": "1.A diamond-shaped road sign with a grey background and orange border, printed with a vehicle skidding pattern.\n2.A supplementary plate reading \"Valid Year-Round\" is attached below the main sign.\n3.Low and sparse vegetation dots the rolling green hills.\n4.Simple wooden post fences are installed along the roadside.\n5.A bare red earth slope is clearly visible."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "skyline_gondola_queenstown_new_zealand_h225_r100_20250316_232859.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "new zealand,otago/otago",
        "clues": "1. A modern glass building with large areas of blue reflective windows on the left side\n2.The view of water bodies and hills reflected in the building's windows\n3.An outdoor viewing platform paved with light-colored square floor tiles\n4.Arid brownish-green hills and coniferous forest vegetation in the background\n5.A typical crowd of tourists at a scenic spot and metal railings"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "xi'an_hi-tech_industries_development_zone_yanta_district_xi'an_china_h0_r100_20250317_180518.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,shanxi/shanxi province/shanxi sheng/shan xi sheng/shan-hsi/shansi",
        "clues": "1. Chinese characters \"会议中心\" (huìyì zhōngxīn) on a wall, which means \"Conference Center\".\n2. English text \"CONFERENCE CENTER\" written below the Chinese characters.\n3. A statue of a bear, resembling a \"Buddy Bear\", standing next to the wall.\n4. A distinctive architectural feature of multiple crisscrossing escalators and walkways in the ceiling space.\n5. The interior of a large, modern public building with high ceilings and large round pillars.\n6. Dark polished terrazzo flooring."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "av_la_tala_maip_mendoza_argentina_h270_r100_20250324_215055.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "argentina,mendoza province/mendoza",
        "clues": "1.The gas station features the logo and brand identity of YPF.\n2.The architectural style here and the overall layout of the town.\n3.Tall and slender trees stand along the road, most likely poplars.\n4.The street is laid out at a corner, with a gas station equipped with traffic lights at the street corner and a park or boulevard opposite it.\n5.The weather is sunny with bright sunshine and a clear blue sky, indicating that this area has a relatively arid or semi-arid climate."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "chirchiq_tashkent_region_uzbekistan_place_r2000_20250324_122611.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "uzbekistan,tashkent region/tashkent region/tashkent viloyati/toshkent viloyati/toshkent region",
        "clues": "1.The continuous towering snow-capped mountains in the background.\n2.The arid, yellowish-brown loess hills (Adyrs) that serve as a transition zone between the city and the high mountains.\n3. A large number of tall white poplars and other deciduous trees planted throughout the town.\n4.White multi-story public buildings featuring Soviet-era architectural characteristics, along with low-rise residential houses with corrugated metal roofs.\n5.The flat and wide river valley terrain."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "whitehall_park_dr_charlotte_nc_usa_h270_r100_20250317_191042.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,north carolina/nc/the tar heel state",
        "clues": "1.The vehicles parked by the roadside do not have front license plates.\n2.The vegetation features a mix of deciduous hardwoods and evergreen conifers (pines/cypresses).\n3.Although the broadleaf trees have shed their leaves (indicating winter or early spring), the grass on the ground remains bright green.\n4.White three-rail vinyl or wooden fences running along the road.\n5.Multi-story buildings in the background are visible through the trees, indicating that the location is on the urban fringe or in the suburbs rather than in a remote rural area."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rothenburg_ob_der_tauber_germany_h90_r100_20250316_234051.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "germany,bavaria/bavaria/free state of bavaria/free state of bavaria",
        "clues": "1.Deciduous broad-leaved forest in winter with bare branches, indicating a temperate climate zone.\n2.Inclined stone revetment (retaining wall), constructed with irregular stones and mortar.\n3.The revetment is covered with thick moss, indicating a humid and shaded microclimate, which is usually found in the lower reaches of river valleys.\n4.Ivy climbs on tree trunks and the ground surface.\n5.A building facade with graffiti can be seen on the left side."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "invermay_road_newnham_launceston_tas_australia_h270_r100_20250324_141658.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,tasmania/tas/state of tasmania",
        "clues": "1.This distinctive red-brick building.\n2.This car is a right-hand drive model and is driving on the left side of the road.\n3.The architectural style of the surrounding houses.\n4.The presence of palm trees.\n5.The cross sign on the gable of the building."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "miochi_aoba_ward_yokohama_kanagawa_japan_h180_r100_20250324_171616.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,kanagawa/kanagawa prefecture/kanagawa-ken",
        "clues": "1.A green-and-white notice board is mounted on the utility pole.\n2.The text on the notice board reads \"Minato City, Minami-Aoyama 4-chome\".\n3.A dense network of crisscrossing wires fills the air.\n4.Yellow tactile paving tiles are laid on the sidewalk.\n5.The style of temporary construction barriers and building safety nets.\n6.This horizontally arranged traffic light."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_hamra_district_jeddah_saudi_arabia_h90_r100_20250324_145000.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "saudi arabia,makkah province/makkah region/mecca province/mecca region",
        "clues": "1.Distinctive geometric-patterned decorative panels on the tunnel walls, assembled from white, gray, and light blue triangles and quadrilaterals.\n2.The image shows a Mitsubishi Fuso Canter truck.\n3.The truck’s cargo box is loaded with a large number of blue 5-gallon drinking water buckets.\n4..Through the truck’s windshield, the person inside the vehicle can be seen wearing traditional white clothing.\n5.An observation of the cab interior reveals that the driver’s seat is on the left side (the side closer to the camera), indicating that this is a left-hand drive vehicle.\n6.Yellow reflective strips are affixed to the sides of the truck."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "bezigrad_ljubljana_slovenia_place_r2000_20250324_140227.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "slovenia,ljubljana/ljubljana/city of ljubljana/city of ljubljana/ljubljana city/ljubljana city",
        "clues": "1.A bright yellow vehicle is parked in the distance on the left.\n2.The leaves in the foreground are linden leaves.\n3.Gray external shutters are installed on the windows of the modern white building.\n4.The architectural style features modern Central European characteristics, with a clean white geometric facade and a ground-floor colonnade."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "technopolis_saint_petersburg_saint_petersburg_russia_h90_r100_20250324_120124.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,saint petersburg/saint-petersburg/st. petersburg/sankt-peterburg/leningrad",
        "clues": "1.The blue street nameplate on the exterior wall of the building.\n2.A distinctive modern architectural style, featuring white square exterior panels, dark vertical window strips and bright red vertical shutter decorations.\n3.The large glass atrium structure on the left side of the building.\n4.The parked vehicles are fitted with white rectangular license plates.\n5.The parking lot entrance with a metal mesh fence and an orange barrier gate, which is a characteristic of this office complex."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "piazza_addis_ababa_ethiopia_h90_r100_20250317_182441.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "ethiopia,oromia region/oromia/oromiya",
        "clues": "1.A large number of dense satellite dishes are installed on the top of a high wall.\n2.The building has a simple and practical appearance, with a stucco-textured exterior wall and anti-theft bars on the windows.\n3.The ground is paved with large square stone slabs, and green grass grows in the gaps between the slabs.\n4.White clouds drift across the clear sky, and the surrounding vegetation is lush, typical of a temperate high-altitude climate."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_rahba_street_sohar_oman_h180_r100_20250317_193603.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "oman,al batinah north governorate/al batinah north/north al batinah/al batinah north region",
        "clues": "1.Yellow and black striped curbs\n2.Omani-style flat-roofed villas with boundary walls\n3.Manicured shrubs and lawn inside the roundabout\n4. Flat coastal plain terrain\n5.Common white SUVs\n6.Date palms in the distance"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "lange_laube_hannover_germany_h45_r100_20250324_202625.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "germany,lower saxony/lower saxony/niedersachsen/niedersachsen",
        "clues": "1.Typical North German red-brick architectural style in the background.\n2. A white corner building in the post-war modernist style.\n3.The standard German blue square sign for a \"traffic-calmed zone\".\n4.Common grey interlocking brick pavement in Germany.\n5.German license plates with the EU blue band.\n6.English sign reading \"COPY PRINT CENTER\"."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "bul_slivnitsa_varna_bulgaria_h270_r100_20250317_191614.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "bulgaria,varna/varna/varna district/varna district/varna region/varna region/varna province/varna province",
        "clues": "1.These high-rise apartment buildings adopt a precast concrete slab structure (such buildings are referred to as slab blocks).\n2.The number \"72\" is prominently spray-painted on the exterior wall of the building on the left.\n3.This wide multi-lane boulevard is equipped with a central median strip.\n4.The style of the roadside metal guardrails."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_murabbi_beirut_lebanon_h90_r100_20250324_155830.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "lebanon,beirut governorate/beirut/beirut province",
        "clues": "1.An open-air market (Souk) layout, with small shops lining both sides of narrow pedestrian alleys.\n2.The buildings are constructed with yellowish-brown sandstone (Ramleh).\n3.Overhanging wooden eaves and crossbeams.\n4. White lace (Dentelle) and embroidered textiles for sale.\n5.Blue Nazar (evil eye) patterns featured on the textiles."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "karlsruhe_technology_park_karlsruhe_germany_h90_r100_20250324_194355.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "germany,baden-württemberg/baden-württemberg/baden-wuerttemberg/baden-wuerttemberg/baden wurttemberg/baden wurttemberg",
        "clues": "1.A modern-style red-brick building\n2.A large number of neatly parked bicycles\n3. Grey brick-paved roads and minimalist landscape design\n4.Street lamps with white dome-shaped lampshades\n5.A summer setting with soft lighting"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "tianfu_software_park_high-tech_zone_chengdu_sichuan_china_place_r2000_20250317_190016.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "china,sichuan/sichuan province/szechuan/szechwan/si chuan sheng",
        "clues": "1.The letters \"HRSIP\" are clearly visible on the top of the high-rise building.\n2.There is a \"Microsoft\" logo on the glass-curtain-wall building.\n3.There is a \"Hilton\" logo on another high-rise building.\n4.The building complex is modern as a whole, with well-maintained greenery around it."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_octvio_mangabeira_pituau_salvador_brazil_h0_r100_20250317_191520.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "brazil,bahia/bahia/state of bahia/state of bahia/estado da bahia/estado da bahia",
        "clues": "1.The sign outside the building reads \"HAMMER FITNESS CLUB\".\n2.The building is a modern-style two-story black structure.\n3.Modern high-rise buildings can be seen in the background.\n4.The weather is sunny and the sky is clear, suggesting a warm climate here.\n5.Car models including the Volkswagen Gol are very common in Brazil.\n6.The presence of palm trees in the background indicates that this is a tropical or subtropical region."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "dunsan-dong_yuseong-gu_daejeon_south_korea_h135_r100_20250324_171641.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "south korea,daejeon/daejeon metropolitan city/대전광역시",
        "clues": "1.The towering white apartment building in the background bears a blue \"SAMSUNG\" logo.\n2.Giant numbers are printed on the side of the apartment building.\n3.The solid yellow line markings along the road edges comply with South Korea's road traffic regulations.\n4.Interlocking gray concrete bricks paved on the sidewalk.\n5.Ginkgo trees planted on both sides of the street.\n6.A typical boundary wall with a red brick base and metal railings on the right side."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "vasylkivska_st_kyiv_ukraine_h45_r100_20250324_143342.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "ukraine,kyiv/kyiv/kiev/kiev",
        "clues": "1.The signs on the exterior walls of the building use Cyrillic letters.\n2.Simple rectangular buildings in the Soviet-era style.\n3.The shape of the traffic lights.\n4.The streets are spacious and equipped with tree-lined green belts.\n5.A mixed distribution of coniferous and broad-leaved trees."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ponsonby_road_auckland_new_zealand_h270_r100_20250317_202812.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "new zealand,auckland/auckland/tāmaki makaurau/tāmaki makaurau",
        "clues": "1.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road, indicating that this is a left-hand traffic country.\n2.The brand and design of the gas station.\n3.Vegetation and street patterns typical of a temperate maritime climate.\n4.Road markings and traffic infrastructure.\n5.The architectural style of commercial buildings."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "koice-sever_koice_slovakia_h270_r100_20250317_203146.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "slovakia,košice region/kosice region/košický kraj/kosicky kraj",
        "clues": "1.A typical deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Carpathian Mountains of Central Europe, dominated by tall beech trees with straight trunks and dense canopies.\n2.A well-maintained grayish-white gravel forest road.\n3.Undulating hilly terrain, with the road running along the hillsides.\n4.People riding mountain bikes."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "byward_market_ottawa_on_canada_h315_r100_20250317_181836.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "canada,ontario/ontario/province of ontario/province of ontario",
        "clues": "1.The black silhouette of the high-rise building on the left, featuring a distinctly slender proportion and a unique rectangular frame/hollowed-out structure at the top.\n2.Regularly arranged protrusions are visible on the side of the building, presumed to be balconies.\n3.A partial view of a bright neon sign can be seen in the lower-left corner, displaying the letters \"LS\" in a curved, handwritten font style.\n4.The background is a sunset sky, with the sun close to the horizon and the light glowing orange-yellow.\n5. In the left foreground, there is a dark feather flag or pennant, commonly seen on commercial streets or event venues.\n6.The edge silhouette of the building on the right, revealing a dense urban architectural environment."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_musaffa_industrial_area_al_musaffa_abu_dhabi_united_arab_emirates_place_r2000_20250324_212045.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united arab emirates,abu dhabi/abu dhabi/abu zaby/abu zaby",
        "clues": "1.The black-and-white checkered pattern on the curb stones.\n2.The commercial and residential buildings adopt a modern cube-style design in sandy color.\n3.The black-and-white striped posts supporting the traffic signs.\n4.The concrete mixers and brand-new buildings present on the site.\n5.The clear and cloudless sky and the arid landform.\n6.The interlocking brick paving applied on the roads and sidewalks."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "faisal_mosque_area_islamabad_pakistan_h135_r100_20250324_201842.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "pakistan,islamabad capital territory/islamabad/ict",
        "clues": "1.An open, dry, and dusty site, typical of a large urban park in a semi-arid climate.\n2.A solitary deciduous bare tree, indicating that the season is most likely winter or early spring.\n3.A uniquely shaped white rectangular block bench surrounding the tree.\n4.A yellow public trash bin next to the bench.\n5.The evergreen trees and parked vehicles lined up in the background suggest that this is a large public space with high utilization rate."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "saburtalo_district_tbilisi_georgia_h135_r100_20250324_153037.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "georgia,tbilisi/tbilisi/tiflis/tiflis/tbilissi/tbilissi",
        "clues": "1.A yellow shop sign with the word \"ექსპრესი\" written on it.\n2.The architectural style of these high-rise apartment buildings bears distinct characteristics of the Soviet era.\n3.The unique layout of this intersection and the chic shape of the buildings.\n4.Vehicles drive on the right side of the road.\n5.Tall plane trees are planted on both sides of the wide avenue."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "ptracu_vod_bucharest_romania_h0_r100_20250324_133410.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "romania,bucharest/bucharest/bucurești/bucurești",
        "clues": "1.The distant buildings feature the neoclassical roof and exterior wall decoration styles typical of Bucharest.\n2.The building on the left is equipped with balconies with exquisite iron railings.\n3.Modern office buildings stand side by side with old-fashioned structures on the right.\n4.The streets are narrow and lined with dense rows of vehicles.\n5.The layout of roads and trees."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "kungsportsavenyen_411_36_gothenburg_sweden_h270_r100_20250317_183056.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "sweden,västra götalands län/vastra gotalands lan/västra götaland county/vastra gotaland county",
        "clues": "1.The word \"BUSS\" painted on the road surface.\n2.Crisscrossing tram tracks.\n3.The distinctive architectural style of the building on the left.\n4.The unique layout of the streets and tram tracks."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "grafton_st_halifax_nova_scotia_canada_h45_r100_20250324_151802.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "canada,nova scotia/nova scotia/province of nova scotia/province of nova scotia/ns/ns",
        "clues": "1.A sign reading \"Scotiabank Centre\" is mounted on a pillar.\n2.A striking large red sign printed with the letters \"ARE\".\n3.A billboard advertising the \"GARTH BROOKS\" concert, indicating that this is a large venue.\n4.The street slopes downward and extends, with what appears to be a harbor at the end.\n5.The building adopts a modern glass curtain wall design.\n6.The number \"1930\" is printed on the signpost at the entrance."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "st_james_street_winnipeg_mb_canada_h45_r100_20250317_191332.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "canada,manitoba/manitoba/province of manitoba/province of manitoba/manitoba province/manitoba province",
        "clues": "1.Decal on the rear window of the black pickup truck reading \"RIDETIME\", a dealership based in Winnipeg.\n2.Building address number \"1600\" visible on the upper corner of the dark grey facade.\n3.\"Benjamin Moore\" store signage, specifically matching the location at 1600 Regent Ave W in Winnipeg.\n4.Distinctive flat terrain and low horizon line typical of the Canadian Prairies.\n5.Wide, suburban roadway infrastructure common in Winnipeg industrial/commercial areas."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "harare_city_center_harare_zimbabwe_h90_r100_20250317_192155.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "zimbabwe,harare province/harare/greater harare",
        "clues": "1. Vehicles drive on the left side of the road, indicating that this is a left-hand traffic country.\n2.The vehicle license plates are yellow.\n3.The streets are broad, lined with roadside trees on both sides.\n4.The buildings on the right feature a colonial bungalow style, with sloped roofs, surrounding walls and fences.\n5.The sky is a clear, cloudless blue, and the sunlight is intense, consistent with the climatic characteristics of this region.\n6.The modern mid-rise buildings in the distance indicate that this area is close to the city center."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "boulder_co_80302_usa_h270_r100_20250324_195448.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,colorado/state of colorado/co",
        "clues": "1.A striking red-brick building with arched windows, identified as an opera house.\n2.A sign reading \"WHEELER OPERA HOUSE\" is placed at the street corner of the red-brick building.\n3.The architectural style of these buildings.\n4.The photo was taken from the perspective of a low-slung vehicle with a blue frame.\n5.The street scene composed of numerous lined shops and parked vehicles fully embodies the style of a commercial street in an American city."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "mzuzu_industrial_area_mzuzu_malawi_place_r2000_20250324_135001.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "malawi,northern region/northern province",
        "clues": "1.There is a sign on the exterior wall of the building that reads \"ST JOHN'S HOS.\".\n2.There is also a line of small print on the sign, which says (P.O. BOX 94, MZUZU).\n3.The steering wheel of that silver SUV is located on the right side, indicating that left-hand traffic rules are implemented locally.\n4.The architectural style featuring red brick walls paired with green roofs.\n5.The unpaved, potholed road in the foreground."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "complexo_industrial_de_santa_cruz_rio_de_janeiro_brazil_h45_r100_20250324_144549.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "brazil,rio de janeiro/rio/rj/state of rio de janeiro",
        "clues": "1.A sign bearing the logo \"Loterias CAIXA\".\n2.The text on the sign is in Portuguese, such as \"DECORAÇÃO\" and \"FARMÁCIA\".\n3.The store name \"Cumanã\".\n4.There is a McDonald's restaurant across the street.\n5.Dense and slightly messy overhead wires."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rural_road_121_mae_rim_chiang_mai_thailand_h45_r100_20250324_125908.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "thailand,chiang mai/chiang mai/chang wat chiang mai/chang wat chiang mai/chiangmai/chiangmai",
        "clues": "1.Square concrete utility poles with small holes for climbing.\n2.Curbs painted with black and white alternating stripes.\n3.Lush tropical vegetation, especially the purple flowers in the upper left corner.\n4.Weathered, aged cement and concrete brick walls.\n5.Grayish-white, slightly hazy sky."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "rue_de_nexon_87000_limoges_france_h135_r100_20250324_161310.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "france,nouvelle-aquitaine/nouvelle-aquitaine/new aquitaine/new aquitaine",
        "clues": "1.A KFC restaurant designed in a modern red-and-gray style.\n2.A sign with the word \"Entrée\" on it.\n3.All the vehicle models are those commonly seen in Europe.\n4.The overall infrastructure including roads, sidewalks and street lamps presents the typical style of Europe.\n5.There is a large dark boulder at the edge of the grass in the foreground, which is an exclusive landmark of this location."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_rasheed_baghdad_iraq_h270_r100_20250324_155803.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "iraq,baghdad governorate/baghdad province/governorate of baghdad",
        "clues": "1.The facade of this building features a long row of brick arcade colonnades, a distinctive architectural style commonly seen on the historic streets of Baghdad, such as Rashid Street.\n2.The upper floors of the building are severely damaged, with shattered and hollow windows, a sight consistent with Baghdad’s appearance resulting from wars and long-term neglect of maintenance.\n3.A shop sign reading \"Aroka Store\" can be seen.\n4.The text on the sign is written in Arabic, indicating that this location is within an Arabic-speaking country.\n5.The overall surrounding environment is a dense urban bazaar alley (open-air market), which is consistent with the style characteristics of downtown Baghdad."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "mount_hope_avenue_rochester_ny_usa_h315_r100_20250324_195241.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,new york/new york city/nyc/the big apple/the city that never sleeps",
        "clues": "1.A blue banner with a white logo is hung on the street lamp pole.\n2.The logo on the banner is the emblem of Utica University, featuring an artistically designed letter \"U\".\n3.A large cemetery with numerous tombstones is situated on a gentle slope.\n4.A distinctive low wall built of rough-hewn stones, with a simple black iron fence installed on top of it.\n5.The double yellow lines marked on the road are a very common road marking in the United States."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "carretera_a_cotoca_santa_cruz_de_la_sierra_bolivia_h135_r100_20250324_192415.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "bolivia,department of santa cruz/santa cruz department/santa cruz/departamento de santa cruz",
        "clues": "1.An unpainted building constructed with red hollow bricks.\n2.A fence made of vertically arranged thin tree trunks or wooden sticks, some of which are covered with green leaves.\n3. Lush tropical vegetation and trees, indicating a warm and humid climate.\n4.A road surface of grayish-white sandy soil.\n5.Distinct cumulonimbus clouds in the sky.\n6.The road edges are unpaved, showing a grayish-white sandy texture."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "hillington_industrial_estate_glasgow_g52_4bl_united_kingdom_h135_r100_20250324_164638.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united kingdom,scotland/scotland/scottish highlands/scottish highlands/scottish lowlands/scottish lowlands/alba/alba/scottish nation/scottish nation/caledonia/caledonia",
        "clues": "1.A sign reading \"ARCHERS\" is hung on a blue building.\n2.A large yellow sign with the word \"BEDROOMS\" on it.\n3.A sign that says \"Fireplaces\" is mounted on a dark-colored building.\n4.A white van printed with the logo of the company \"Initial\".\n5.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "innisfil_beach_road_alcona_barrie_on_canada_h135_r100_20250324_203623.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "canada,ontario/province of ontario",
        "clues": "1.A wide, flat and well-maintained gravel road.\n2.A neat row of lush deciduous trees, whose morphological characteristics match those of maples.\n3.Flat terrain.\n4.Fresh green and dense grass, along with dark green leaves.\n5.A chain-link fence running along the tree line."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "via_della_libert_90143_palermo_pa_italy_h315_r100_20250324_120632.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "italy,sicily/sicily/region of sicily/sicilian region/regione siciliana/island of sicily/sicilia",
        "clues": "1.A yellow banner is hung on the fence.\n2.The site is lined with both plane trees and palm trees.\n3.The architectural style and the stone wall on the left side.\n4.This wide multi-lane avenue.5。The blue circular pedestrian crossing sign.\n6.The wall and fence on the left side."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_khalil_industrial_area_sharjah_uae_h135_r100_20250324_170810.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united arab emirates,sharjah/sharjah emirate/al sharjah/shariqah/emirate of sharjah",
        "clues": "1.A shop sign printed with both Arabic (\"لميزان السيارات العام\") and English (\"AL MAHAJ AUTO BALANCE\").\n2.The building on the left features a design style with a long row of arches.\n3.Curbs painted in black and white.\n4.An overall arid climate.\n5.A Toyota Hilux pickup truck is present at the scene, a model that is extremely popular in this region.\n6.A high-rise building with yellow and green exterior panels can be seen in the background, which is itself a landmark structure."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "whitehorse_road_box_hill_melbourne_australia_h45_r100_20250317_193321.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "australia,victoria/victoria/state of victoria/state of victoria/state of vic/state of vic/vic/vic",
        "clues": "1.Eucalyptus (Gum tree) leaves hanging down from the upper right corner.\n2.A distinctive two-story blue building with an art deco-style facade, and a sign reading \"Crystal Dental Surgery\".\n3.A sign on the gray building on the left that contains Chinese characters and the words \"Roast House\", accompanied by pictures of roasted meats.\n4.The parking direction of the vehicles indicates that left-hand traffic is practiced in this area.\n5.The car license plates are rectangular, white in color with dark-colored characters.\n6.Wooden utility poles and overhead wires on the street."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "friedrich_commercial_center_leipzig_germany_h90_r100_20250324_164828.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "germany,saxony/saxony/free state of saxony/free state of saxony",
        "clues": "1.A historic building with a steep gable roof\n2.That distinctive white building with a stepped gable\n3.This large open square paved with cobblestones\n4.The restored historic buildings form a sharp architectural contrast with the minimalist Plattenbau-style modern buildings on the right"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "corso_giulio_cesare_turin_italy_h270_r100_20250324_195017.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "italy,piemonte/piedmont",
        "clues": "1.A shop sign displaying the word \"TABACCHI\".\n2.A bus shelter with a yellow top strip.\n3.Tram tracks running through the middle of the street.\n4.A continuous metal guardrail along the edge of the sidewalk."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenida_el_poblado_medellin_colombia_h270_r100_20250324_162818.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "colombia,antioquia/antioquia department/antioquia region",
        "clues": "1.A restaurant sign for Crêpes & Waffles\n2.A circular speed limit sign with a red border, white background and the number \"30\" marked on it\n3.A yellow diamond-shaped pedestrian crossing warning sign\n4.Lush and dense vegetation, including tall bamboo\n5.A skyscraper with a modern glass curtain wall facade"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "jalan_sultan_idris_shah_ipoh_perak_malaysia_h225_r100_20250324_142843.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "malaysia,perak/state of perak/perak darul ridzuan",
        "clues": "1.An advertisement for the home appliance brand KHIND (Jīnshī)\n2.An advertisement for the home appliance brand meck (Màikè)\n3.A vertical red advertisement for PENSONIC (Bīnchéng Diànzǐ)\n4.Below the DAIKIN (Dàjīn) advertisement, there is a sign printed with the Chinese characters “新時代電器”\n5.The architectural style of the corner building\n6.Yellow box junction markings marked on the road"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "trafalgar_square_london_united_kingdom_h45_r100_20250317_203856.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united kingdom,england/england/the kingdom of england/the kingdom of england/the english/england and wales/engeland",
        "clues": "1.Multiple red double-decker buses\n2. A church with a pointed spire on the left side\n3.A large classical stone building on the right side\n4.A wide paved square surface"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "bahria_town_rawalpindi_pakistan_place_r2000_20250324_153820.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "pakistan,punjab/punjab province/punjab/pakistan/punjab region",
        "clues": "1.A large, modern white clock tower stands in the center of the roundabout, supported by four curved columns.\n2.A Pizza Hut sign is hung on the background building.\n3.There is a sign on a building with the Urdu word KHIDMAT (meaning \"service\").\n4.The McDonald's logo is faintly visible in the background.\n5.The logo of K D DEVELOPERS is printed on the building on the right.\n6.The curbs along the edge of the roundabout are painted with black-and-yellow stripes."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "mahatma_gandhi_road_bengaluru_karnataka_india_h315_r100_20250317_185208.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "india,karnataka/karnataka/state of karnataka/state of karnataka/karnataka state/karnataka state",
        "clues": "1.Yellow-and-green auto rickshaws\n2.An elevated metro line\n3.Vehicles drive on the left side of the road\n4.Curbs painted with black-and-yellow stripes\n5.An overall urban environment featuring both modern infrastructure and lush greenery"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "science_parkway_rochester_ny_usa_h45_r100_20250324_144054.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,new york/ny/new york city/nyc/the big apple/the city that never sleeps/gotham",
        "clues": "1. Double yellow lines in the middle of the road\n2. Lush green lawns and a mix of temperate deciduous trees (such as honey locusts and maples) and coniferous trees\n3.A yellow freestanding fire hydrant\n4.Poured concrete curbs and sidewalks\n5.Asphalt crack repair marks (\"tar snakes\") on the road, commonly seen in northern regions with freeze-thaw cycles\n6.A typical corporate office park setting, featuring low-rise buildings and spacious parking lots"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "prescott_valley_az_usa_h135_r100_20250324_121101.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,arizona/state of arizona/az",
        "clues": "1.Arid semi-desert grassland vegetation, a mix of tawny dry grass and green shrubs\n2.A white flat-roofed stucco building on the right side\n3.The clearly visible house number \"8535\" on the exterior wall of the building\n4.A bright blue sky and high-contrast cloud cover\n5.Rolling blue mountains in the distance, forming the backdrop to the basin terrain"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "upper_town_zagreb_croatia_h135_r100_20250317_192718.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "croatia,city of zagreb/zagreb",
        "clues": "1.Typical exterior wall paint in Schönbrunn Yellow\n2.The ground floor of the building is decorated with horizontally grooved rustication imitating stone masonry.\n3.Rectangular windows with white frames, one of which is fitted with a louvered ventilation grille.\n4.The stone plinth at the base of the building and the narrow asphalt sidewalk."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "volgograd_railway_station_volgograd_russia_h90_r100_20250324_152926.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "russia,volgograd oblast/volgograd region/volgogradskaya oblast'/volgogradskaya oblast/volgograd",
        "clues": "1.A train with red-orange diagonal stripes and a gray body.\n2.A magnificent beige stone building on the left side.\n3.Decorative iron wall lamps, cornices and tall window designs on the exterior wall of the building.\n4.Modern high-rise apartment buildings appearing in the background.\n5.The complex electrified railway catenary above the platform."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "centro_storico_turin_italy_h135_r100_20250317_204052.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "italy,piemonte/piemonte/piedmont/piedmont",
        "clues": "1.Vertical text \"REALE MUTUA\" displayed on the building facade, which is the logo of an Italian insurance company.\n2.The building is designed in an Italian classical style, featuring a large arched entrance and balconies with iron railings.\n3.Located at an urban street corner, this place is equipped with a uniquely designed circular flower bed.\n4.Attached to this time-honored old building is a modern extension clad in stone.\n5.The arched entrance leads to a covered corridor, which is the Galleria Reale Mutua."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "lekki_conservation_centre_lekki_lagos_nigeria_h135_r100_20250324_155916.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "nigeria,lagos state/lagos",
        "clues": "1. Lush tropical vegetation, including tall palm trees (coconut palms or oil palms).\n2.Sago palms and red ixora flowers in the foreground.\n3.The background building has a corrugated metal roof, complemented by white wavy decorative fascia boards.\n4.A large concrete slide on the left side.\n5. Colorful cartoon tiger statues."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "avenue_louise_1050_brussels_belgium_h225_r100_20250324_115716.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "belgium,brussels/brussels/bruxelles/bruxelles/brussels-capital region/brussels-capital region/région de bruxelles-capitale/région de bruxelles-capitale/brussels region/brussels region/brussels-city/brussels-city",
        "clues": "1.The commercial logo \"SQ\" is printed on the signboard and the shop windows.\n2.The house number \"231\" is marked next to the entrance.\n3.The words \"Co-working Space\" and the slogan \"The most vibrant place in the city\" are displayed on the shop windows, indicating the business type of this venue.\n4.Several European car models are visible on-site, specifically a Volkswagen Polo and a Peugeot\n2\n0\n0\n8.\n5.This concrete building adopts a highly recognizable brutalist architectural style."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "civic_ave_salisbury_md_21804_usa_h135_r100_20250324_151330.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,maryland/maryland/state of maryland/state of maryland/md/md",
        "clues": "1.A brick sign stands on the right, bearing the words TWILLEY CENTRE.\n2.On the storefront of the shop in the background, there is a sign that reads Kitchen Designs.\n3.A partially obscured shop sign with words that appear to be New Eastern...\n4.A red octagonal yield sign\n5.The architectural style of these buildings\n6.Vehicles parked in the parking lot"
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "n_mesa_st_el_paso_tx_usa_h225_r100_20250324_131106.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "united states,texas/the lone star state/tx",
        "clues": "1.There is a sign on the facade of a building, clearly displaying the words EL PASO ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY GROUP.\n2.An arid landscape with sparse vegetation, featuring the characteristics of a desert climate.\n3.Tawny dry mountains are visible in the background.\n4.An American-style bus stop sign, designed as a blue circle with a white bus pattern in the middle."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "chuo_ward_niigata_japan_h0_r100_20250324_163903.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "japan,niigata/niigata/niigata prefecture/niigata prefecture/niigata-ken/niigata-ken",
        "clues": "1.The \"ARIMINO\" sign on the exterior wall of the building on the right.\n2.An extremely flat and open terrain.\n3.Blue V-shaped (feather-shaped) bicycle navigation markings painted on the road surface.\n4.Vehicles driving on the left side of the road and the yellow license plates affixed to these left-side vehicles.\n5.A wide road design and crossroad layout.\n6.Typical Japanese-style concrete utility poles and overhead cable networks."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "namsangol_hanok_village_jung-gu_seoul_south_korea_h90_r100_20250317_180519.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "south korea,seoul/seoul/seoul special city/seoul metropolitan city",
        "clues": "1.The roof of a traditional Hanok, featuring dark gray tiles (Giwa) and iconic upturned eaves.\n2.A building frame composed of dark wooden pillars and beams, paired with white stucco walls.\n3.Traditional wooden lattice sliding doors with white hanji (Korean paper) panes.\n4.A traditional earth-and-stone wall built with natural stones set in mortar and topped with tile roofing.\n5.An open, flat courtyard (Madang) covered with sand and soil, without modern pavement.\n6.A densely vegetated hill adjacent to the building in the background."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "al_faisaliah_mall_riyadh_saudi_arabia_h225_r100_20250317_194645.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "saudi arabia,riyadh province/al riyadh province/ar riyad province/riyadh region/al riyadh region/ar riyad region/riyadh/al riyadh/ar riyad",
        "clues": "1.Men wearing white robes (Thawb/Kandura) and headscarves.\n2.The entrance to the Sephora store with iconic black-and-white striped columns.\n3.Curved glass railings topped with unique light-colored wooden handrails.\n4.White floors adorned with distinctive gray geometric line patterns.\n5.A central rectangular column/elevator shaft clad with frosted glass panels and secured by point-fixing fittings.\n6.Reflections on the glass reveal nearby brand logos (possibly NYX or Kylie)."
    },
    {
        "image": [
            "jew_town_kochi_kerala_india_h90_r100_20250317_181132.jpg"
        ],
        "question": "In which country and within which first-level administrative region of that country was this picture taken?",
        "category_1": "Location Identification",
        "category_2": "Location Identification",
        "format": "Open-ended",
        "language": "English",
        "ground_truth": "india,kerala/state of kerala",
        "clues": "1.Distinctive hand-painted blue-and-white floor tiles\n2.A variety of glass chandeliers hanging from the ceiling\n3.The architectural style features soaring wooden ceilings, an upper gallery with wooden railings (i.e., the women-only prayer gallery), and large multi-paned windows\n4.Long wooden benches for worshippers are placed on-site, indicating that this is a place of religious worship\n5.Colorful spherical glass lamps are hung from the beams beneath the gallery"
    }
]