| import io |
| import mimetypes |
| import os |
| import pkgutil |
| import re |
| import sys |
| import typing as t |
| import unicodedata |
| from datetime import datetime |
| from time import time |
| from zlib import adler32 |
|
|
| from markupsafe import escape |
|
|
| from ._internal import _DictAccessorProperty |
| from ._internal import _missing |
| from ._internal import _TAccessorValue |
| from .datastructures import Headers |
| from .exceptions import NotFound |
| from .exceptions import RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable |
| from .security import safe_join |
| from .urls import url_quote |
| from .wsgi import wrap_file |
|
|
| if t.TYPE_CHECKING: |
| from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment |
| from .wrappers.request import Request |
| from .wrappers.response import Response |
|
|
| _T = t.TypeVar("_T") |
|
|
| _entity_re = re.compile(r"&([^;]+);") |
| _filename_ascii_strip_re = re.compile(r"[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]") |
| _windows_device_files = ( |
| "CON", |
| "AUX", |
| "COM1", |
| "COM2", |
| "COM3", |
| "COM4", |
| "LPT1", |
| "LPT2", |
| "LPT3", |
| "PRN", |
| "NUL", |
| ) |
|
|
|
|
| class cached_property(property, t.Generic[_T]): |
| """A :func:`property` that is only evaluated once. Subsequent access |
| returns the cached value. Setting the property sets the cached |
| value. Deleting the property clears the cached value, accessing it |
| again will evaluate it again. |
| |
| .. code-block:: python |
| |
| class Example: |
| @cached_property |
| def value(self): |
| # calculate something important here |
| return 42 |
| |
| e = Example() |
| e.value # evaluates |
| e.value # uses cache |
| e.value = 16 # sets cache |
| del e.value # clears cache |
| |
| If the class defines ``__slots__``, it must add ``_cache_{name}`` as |
| a slot. Alternatively, it can add ``__dict__``, but that's usually |
| not desirable. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.1 |
| Works with ``__slots__``. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0 |
| ``del obj.name`` clears the cached value. |
| """ |
|
|
| def __init__( |
| self, |
| fget: t.Callable[[t.Any], _T], |
| name: t.Optional[str] = None, |
| doc: t.Optional[str] = None, |
| ) -> None: |
| super().__init__(fget, doc=doc) |
| self.__name__ = name or fget.__name__ |
| self.slot_name = f"_cache_{self.__name__}" |
| self.__module__ = fget.__module__ |
|
|
| def __set__(self, obj: object, value: _T) -> None: |
| if hasattr(obj, "__dict__"): |
| obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value |
| else: |
| setattr(obj, self.slot_name, value) |
|
|
| def __get__(self, obj: object, type: type = None) -> _T: |
| if obj is None: |
| return self |
|
|
| obj_dict = getattr(obj, "__dict__", None) |
|
|
| if obj_dict is not None: |
| value: _T = obj_dict.get(self.__name__, _missing) |
| else: |
| value = getattr(obj, self.slot_name, _missing) |
|
|
| if value is _missing: |
| value = self.fget(obj) |
|
|
| if obj_dict is not None: |
| obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value |
| else: |
| setattr(obj, self.slot_name, value) |
|
|
| return value |
|
|
| def __delete__(self, obj: object) -> None: |
| if hasattr(obj, "__dict__"): |
| del obj.__dict__[self.__name__] |
| else: |
| setattr(obj, self.slot_name, _missing) |
|
|
|
|
| class environ_property(_DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]): |
| """Maps request attributes to environment variables. This works not only |
| for the Werkzeug request object, but also any other class with an |
| environ attribute: |
| |
| >>> class Test(object): |
| ... environ = {'key': 'value'} |
| ... test = environ_property('key') |
| >>> var = Test() |
| >>> var.test |
| 'value' |
| |
| If you pass it a second value it's used as default if the key does not |
| exist, the third one can be a converter that takes a value and converts |
| it. If it raises :exc:`ValueError` or :exc:`TypeError` the default value |
| is used. If no default value is provided `None` is used. |
| |
| Per default the property is read only. You have to explicitly enable it |
| by passing ``read_only=False`` to the constructor. |
| """ |
|
|
| read_only = True |
|
|
| def lookup(self, obj: "Request") -> "WSGIEnvironment": |
| return obj.environ |
|
|
|
|
| class header_property(_DictAccessorProperty[_TAccessorValue]): |
| """Like `environ_property` but for headers.""" |
|
|
| def lookup(self, obj: t.Union["Request", "Response"]) -> Headers: |
| return obj.headers |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| _charset_mimetypes = { |
| "application/ecmascript", |
| "application/javascript", |
| "application/sql", |
| "application/xml", |
| "application/xml-dtd", |
| "application/xml-external-parsed-entity", |
| } |
|
|
|
|
| def get_content_type(mimetype: str, charset: str) -> str: |
| """Returns the full content type string with charset for a mimetype. |
| |
| If the mimetype represents text, the charset parameter will be |
| appended, otherwise the mimetype is returned unchanged. |
| |
| :param mimetype: The mimetype to be used as content type. |
| :param charset: The charset to be appended for text mimetypes. |
| :return: The content type. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 0.15 |
| Any type that ends with ``+xml`` gets a charset, not just those |
| that start with ``application/``. Known text types such as |
| ``application/javascript`` are also given charsets. |
| """ |
| if ( |
| mimetype.startswith("text/") |
| or mimetype in _charset_mimetypes |
| or mimetype.endswith("+xml") |
| ): |
| mimetype += f"; charset={charset}" |
|
|
| return mimetype |
|
|
|
|
| def secure_filename(filename: str) -> str: |
| r"""Pass it a filename and it will return a secure version of it. This |
| filename can then safely be stored on a regular file system and passed |
| to :func:`os.path.join`. The filename returned is an ASCII only string |
| for maximum portability. |
| |
| On windows systems the function also makes sure that the file is not |
| named after one of the special device files. |
| |
| >>> secure_filename("My cool movie.mov") |
| 'My_cool_movie.mov' |
| >>> secure_filename("../../../etc/passwd") |
| 'etc_passwd' |
| >>> secure_filename('i contain cool \xfcml\xe4uts.txt') |
| 'i_contain_cool_umlauts.txt' |
| |
| The function might return an empty filename. It's your responsibility |
| to ensure that the filename is unique and that you abort or |
| generate a random filename if the function returned an empty one. |
| |
| .. versionadded:: 0.5 |
| |
| :param filename: the filename to secure |
| """ |
| filename = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", filename) |
| filename = filename.encode("ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii") |
|
|
| for sep in os.path.sep, os.path.altsep: |
| if sep: |
| filename = filename.replace(sep, " ") |
| filename = str(_filename_ascii_strip_re.sub("", "_".join(filename.split()))).strip( |
| "._" |
| ) |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| if ( |
| os.name == "nt" |
| and filename |
| and filename.split(".")[0].upper() in _windows_device_files |
| ): |
| filename = f"_{filename}" |
|
|
| return filename |
|
|
|
|
| def redirect( |
| location: str, code: int = 302, Response: t.Optional[t.Type["Response"]] = None |
| ) -> "Response": |
| """Returns a response object (a WSGI application) that, if called, |
| redirects the client to the target location. Supported codes are |
| 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, and 308. 300 is not supported because |
| it's not a real redirect and 304 because it's the answer for a |
| request with a request with defined If-Modified-Since headers. |
| |
| .. versionadded:: 0.6 |
| The location can now be a unicode string that is encoded using |
| the :func:`iri_to_uri` function. |
| |
| .. versionadded:: 0.10 |
| The class used for the Response object can now be passed in. |
| |
| :param location: the location the response should redirect to. |
| :param code: the redirect status code. defaults to 302. |
| :param class Response: a Response class to use when instantiating a |
| response. The default is :class:`werkzeug.wrappers.Response` if |
| unspecified. |
| """ |
| if Response is None: |
| from .wrappers import Response |
|
|
| display_location = escape(location) |
| if isinstance(location, str): |
| |
| |
| from .urls import iri_to_uri |
|
|
| location = iri_to_uri(location, safe_conversion=True) |
|
|
| response = Response( |
| "<!doctype html>\n" |
| "<html lang=en>\n" |
| "<title>Redirecting...</title>\n" |
| "<h1>Redirecting...</h1>\n" |
| "<p>You should be redirected automatically to the target URL: " |
| f'<a href="{escape(location)}">{display_location}</a>. If' |
| " not, click the link.\n", |
| code, |
| mimetype="text/html", |
| ) |
| response.headers["Location"] = location |
| return response |
|
|
|
|
| def append_slash_redirect(environ: "WSGIEnvironment", code: int = 308) -> "Response": |
| """Redirect to the current URL with a slash appended. |
| |
| If the current URL is ``/user/42``, the redirect URL will be |
| ``42/``. When joined to the current URL during response |
| processing or by the browser, this will produce ``/user/42/``. |
| |
| The behavior is undefined if the path ends with a slash already. If |
| called unconditionally on a URL, it may produce a redirect loop. |
| |
| :param environ: Use the path and query from this WSGI environment |
| to produce the redirect URL. |
| :param code: the status code for the redirect. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.1 |
| Produce a relative URL that only modifies the last segment. |
| Relevant when the current path has multiple segments. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.1 |
| The default status code is 308 instead of 301. This preserves |
| the request method and body. |
| """ |
| tail = environ["PATH_INFO"].rpartition("/")[2] |
|
|
| if not tail: |
| new_path = "./" |
| else: |
| new_path = f"{tail}/" |
|
|
| query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING") |
|
|
| if query_string: |
| new_path = f"{new_path}?{query_string}" |
|
|
| return redirect(new_path, code) |
|
|
|
|
| def send_file( |
| path_or_file: t.Union[os.PathLike, str, t.IO[bytes]], |
| environ: "WSGIEnvironment", |
| mimetype: t.Optional[str] = None, |
| as_attachment: bool = False, |
| download_name: t.Optional[str] = None, |
| conditional: bool = True, |
| etag: t.Union[bool, str] = True, |
| last_modified: t.Optional[t.Union[datetime, int, float]] = None, |
| max_age: t.Optional[ |
| t.Union[int, t.Callable[[t.Optional[str]], t.Optional[int]]] |
| ] = None, |
| use_x_sendfile: bool = False, |
| response_class: t.Optional[t.Type["Response"]] = None, |
| _root_path: t.Optional[t.Union[os.PathLike, str]] = None, |
| ) -> "Response": |
| """Send the contents of a file to the client. |
| |
| The first argument can be a file path or a file-like object. Paths |
| are preferred in most cases because Werkzeug can manage the file and |
| get extra information from the path. Passing a file-like object |
| requires that the file is opened in binary mode, and is mostly |
| useful when building a file in memory with :class:`io.BytesIO`. |
| |
| Never pass file paths provided by a user. The path is assumed to be |
| trusted, so a user could craft a path to access a file you didn't |
| intend. |
| |
| If the WSGI server sets a ``file_wrapper`` in ``environ``, it is |
| used, otherwise Werkzeug's built-in wrapper is used. Alternatively, |
| if the HTTP server supports ``X-Sendfile``, ``use_x_sendfile=True`` |
| will tell the server to send the given path, which is much more |
| efficient than reading it in Python. |
| |
| :param path_or_file: The path to the file to send, relative to the |
| current working directory if a relative path is given. |
| Alternatively, a file-like object opened in binary mode. Make |
| sure the file pointer is seeked to the start of the data. |
| :param environ: The WSGI environ for the current request. |
| :param mimetype: The MIME type to send for the file. If not |
| provided, it will try to detect it from the file name. |
| :param as_attachment: Indicate to a browser that it should offer to |
| save the file instead of displaying it. |
| :param download_name: The default name browsers will use when saving |
| the file. Defaults to the passed file name. |
| :param conditional: Enable conditional and range responses based on |
| request headers. Requires passing a file path and ``environ``. |
| :param etag: Calculate an ETag for the file, which requires passing |
| a file path. Can also be a string to use instead. |
| :param last_modified: The last modified time to send for the file, |
| in seconds. If not provided, it will try to detect it from the |
| file path. |
| :param max_age: How long the client should cache the file, in |
| seconds. If set, ``Cache-Control`` will be ``public``, otherwise |
| it will be ``no-cache`` to prefer conditional caching. |
| :param use_x_sendfile: Set the ``X-Sendfile`` header to let the |
| server to efficiently send the file. Requires support from the |
| HTTP server. Requires passing a file path. |
| :param response_class: Build the response using this class. Defaults |
| to :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response`. |
| :param _root_path: Do not use. For internal use only. Use |
| :func:`send_from_directory` to safely send files under a path. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0.2 |
| ``send_file`` only sets a detected ``Content-Encoding`` if |
| ``as_attachment`` is disabled. |
| |
| .. versionadded:: 2.0 |
| Adapted from Flask's implementation. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0 |
| ``download_name`` replaces Flask's ``attachment_filename`` |
| parameter. If ``as_attachment=False``, it is passed with |
| ``Content-Disposition: inline`` instead. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0 |
| ``max_age`` replaces Flask's ``cache_timeout`` parameter. |
| ``conditional`` is enabled and ``max_age`` is not set by |
| default. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0 |
| ``etag`` replaces Flask's ``add_etags`` parameter. It can be a |
| string to use instead of generating one. |
| |
| .. versionchanged:: 2.0 |
| If an encoding is returned when guessing ``mimetype`` from |
| ``download_name``, set the ``Content-Encoding`` header. |
| """ |
| if response_class is None: |
| from .wrappers import Response |
|
|
| response_class = Response |
|
|
| path: t.Optional[str] = None |
| file: t.Optional[t.IO[bytes]] = None |
| size: t.Optional[int] = None |
| mtime: t.Optional[float] = None |
| headers = Headers() |
|
|
| if isinstance(path_or_file, (os.PathLike, str)) or hasattr( |
| path_or_file, "__fspath__" |
| ): |
| path_or_file = t.cast(t.Union[os.PathLike, str], path_or_file) |
|
|
| |
| |
| if _root_path is not None: |
| path = os.path.join(_root_path, path_or_file) |
| else: |
| path = os.path.abspath(path_or_file) |
|
|
| stat = os.stat(path) |
| size = stat.st_size |
| mtime = stat.st_mtime |
| else: |
| file = path_or_file |
|
|
| if download_name is None and path is not None: |
| download_name = os.path.basename(path) |
|
|
| if mimetype is None: |
| if download_name is None: |
| raise TypeError( |
| "Unable to detect the MIME type because a file name is" |
| " not available. Either set 'download_name', pass a" |
| " path instead of a file, or set 'mimetype'." |
| ) |
|
|
| mimetype, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(download_name) |
|
|
| if mimetype is None: |
| mimetype = "application/octet-stream" |
|
|
| |
| |
| if encoding is not None and not as_attachment: |
| headers.set("Content-Encoding", encoding) |
|
|
| if download_name is not None: |
| try: |
| download_name.encode("ascii") |
| except UnicodeEncodeError: |
| simple = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", download_name) |
| simple = simple.encode("ascii", "ignore").decode("ascii") |
| quoted = url_quote(download_name, safe="") |
| names = {"filename": simple, "filename*": f"UTF-8''{quoted}"} |
| else: |
| names = {"filename": download_name} |
|
|
| value = "attachment" if as_attachment else "inline" |
| headers.set("Content-Disposition", value, **names) |
| elif as_attachment: |
| raise TypeError( |
| "No name provided for attachment. Either set" |
| " 'download_name' or pass a path instead of a file." |
| ) |
|
|
| if use_x_sendfile and path is not None: |
| headers["X-Sendfile"] = path |
| data = None |
| else: |
| if file is None: |
| file = open(path, "rb") |
| elif isinstance(file, io.BytesIO): |
| size = file.getbuffer().nbytes |
| elif isinstance(file, io.TextIOBase): |
| raise ValueError("Files must be opened in binary mode or use BytesIO.") |
|
|
| data = wrap_file(environ, file) |
|
|
| rv = response_class( |
| data, mimetype=mimetype, headers=headers, direct_passthrough=True |
| ) |
|
|
| if size is not None: |
| rv.content_length = size |
|
|
| if last_modified is not None: |
| rv.last_modified = last_modified |
| elif mtime is not None: |
| rv.last_modified = mtime |
|
|
| rv.cache_control.no_cache = True |
|
|
| |
| |
| if callable(max_age): |
| max_age = max_age(path) |
|
|
| if max_age is not None: |
| if max_age > 0: |
| rv.cache_control.no_cache = None |
| rv.cache_control.public = True |
|
|
| rv.cache_control.max_age = max_age |
| rv.expires = int(time() + max_age) |
|
|
| if isinstance(etag, str): |
| rv.set_etag(etag) |
| elif etag and path is not None: |
| check = adler32(path.encode("utf-8")) & 0xFFFFFFFF |
| rv.set_etag(f"{mtime}-{size}-{check}") |
|
|
| if conditional: |
| try: |
| rv = rv.make_conditional(environ, accept_ranges=True, complete_length=size) |
| except RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable: |
| if file is not None: |
| file.close() |
|
|
| raise |
|
|
| |
| |
| if rv.status_code == 304: |
| rv.headers.pop("x-sendfile", None) |
|
|
| return rv |
|
|
|
|
| def send_from_directory( |
| directory: t.Union[os.PathLike, str], |
| path: t.Union[os.PathLike, str], |
| environ: "WSGIEnvironment", |
| **kwargs: t.Any, |
| ) -> "Response": |
| """Send a file from within a directory using :func:`send_file`. |
| |
| This is a secure way to serve files from a folder, such as static |
| files or uploads. Uses :func:`~werkzeug.security.safe_join` to |
| ensure the path coming from the client is not maliciously crafted to |
| point outside the specified directory. |
| |
| If the final path does not point to an existing regular file, |
| returns a 404 :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` error. |
| |
| :param directory: The directory that ``path`` must be located under. |
| :param path: The path to the file to send, relative to |
| ``directory``. |
| :param environ: The WSGI environ for the current request. |
| :param kwargs: Arguments to pass to :func:`send_file`. |
| |
| .. versionadded:: 2.0 |
| Adapted from Flask's implementation. |
| """ |
| path = safe_join(os.fspath(directory), os.fspath(path)) |
|
|
| if path is None: |
| raise NotFound() |
|
|
| |
| |
| if "_root_path" in kwargs: |
| path = os.path.join(kwargs["_root_path"], path) |
|
|
| try: |
| if not os.path.isfile(path): |
| raise NotFound() |
| except ValueError: |
| |
| raise NotFound() from None |
|
|
| return send_file(path, environ, **kwargs) |
|
|
|
|
| def import_string(import_name: str, silent: bool = False) -> t.Any: |
| """Imports an object based on a string. This is useful if you want to |
| use import paths as endpoints or something similar. An import path can |
| be specified either in dotted notation (``xml.sax.saxutils.escape``) |
| or with a colon as object delimiter (``xml.sax.saxutils:escape``). |
| |
| If `silent` is True the return value will be `None` if the import fails. |
| |
| :param import_name: the dotted name for the object to import. |
| :param silent: if set to `True` import errors are ignored and |
| `None` is returned instead. |
| :return: imported object |
| """ |
| import_name = import_name.replace(":", ".") |
| try: |
| try: |
| __import__(import_name) |
| except ImportError: |
| if "." not in import_name: |
| raise |
| else: |
| return sys.modules[import_name] |
|
|
| module_name, obj_name = import_name.rsplit(".", 1) |
| module = __import__(module_name, globals(), locals(), [obj_name]) |
| try: |
| return getattr(module, obj_name) |
| except AttributeError as e: |
| raise ImportError(e) from None |
|
|
| except ImportError as e: |
| if not silent: |
| raise ImportStringError(import_name, e).with_traceback( |
| sys.exc_info()[2] |
| ) from None |
|
|
| return None |
|
|
|
|
| def find_modules( |
| import_path: str, include_packages: bool = False, recursive: bool = False |
| ) -> t.Iterator[str]: |
| """Finds all the modules below a package. This can be useful to |
| automatically import all views / controllers so that their metaclasses / |
| function decorators have a chance to register themselves on the |
| application. |
| |
| Packages are not returned unless `include_packages` is `True`. This can |
| also recursively list modules but in that case it will import all the |
| packages to get the correct load path of that module. |
| |
| :param import_path: the dotted name for the package to find child modules. |
| :param include_packages: set to `True` if packages should be returned, too. |
| :param recursive: set to `True` if recursion should happen. |
| :return: generator |
| """ |
| module = import_string(import_path) |
| path = getattr(module, "__path__", None) |
| if path is None: |
| raise ValueError(f"{import_path!r} is not a package") |
| basename = f"{module.__name__}." |
| for _importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(path): |
| modname = basename + modname |
| if ispkg: |
| if include_packages: |
| yield modname |
| if recursive: |
| yield from find_modules(modname, include_packages, True) |
| else: |
| yield modname |
|
|
|
|
| class ImportStringError(ImportError): |
| """Provides information about a failed :func:`import_string` attempt.""" |
|
|
| |
| import_name: str |
| |
| exception: BaseException |
|
|
| def __init__(self, import_name: str, exception: BaseException) -> None: |
| self.import_name = import_name |
| self.exception = exception |
| msg = import_name |
| name = "" |
| tracked = [] |
| for part in import_name.replace(":", ".").split("."): |
| name = f"{name}.{part}" if name else part |
| imported = import_string(name, silent=True) |
| if imported: |
| tracked.append((name, getattr(imported, "__file__", None))) |
| else: |
| track = [f"- {n!r} found in {i!r}." for n, i in tracked] |
| track.append(f"- {name!r} not found.") |
| track_str = "\n".join(track) |
| msg = ( |
| f"import_string() failed for {import_name!r}. Possible reasons" |
| f" are:\n\n" |
| "- missing __init__.py in a package;\n" |
| "- package or module path not included in sys.path;\n" |
| "- duplicated package or module name taking precedence in" |
| " sys.path;\n" |
| "- missing module, class, function or variable;\n\n" |
| f"Debugged import:\n\n{track_str}\n\n" |
| f"Original exception:\n\n{type(exception).__name__}: {exception}" |
| ) |
| break |
|
|
| super().__init__(msg) |
|
|
| def __repr__(self) -> str: |
| return f"<{type(self).__name__}({self.import_name!r}, {self.exception!r})>" |
|
|