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is frequently forced to undertake a thirst experiment in order to make a proper diagnosis. Therefore, one knows the strong thirst symptoms. It is obvious that such people if one would take water away from them entirely could be brought to the deadly limit .of the loss of water within one or two days. These are people w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,520,000 | 2,520,500 |
sugar within a few minutes his heavy symptoms are eliminated; is an aenoxymic person is allowed to breathe oxygen he is alright again; if a person who is hungry first is allowed to eat, if a person suffering from thirst is allowed to drink, if a person suffering from lack of vitamins is administered vitamins, he become... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,520,450 | 2,520,950 |
is concentrating. This could be seen quite clearly in Sirany's, as well as in my cases. Only that water is lost which is eliminated by the skin and lungs and since this elimination is relatively increased a little. Therefore, seawater can be taken longer than one assumed formerly, according to the theoretical suppositi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,520,900 | 2,521,400 |
it happened not in considerable amounts. QI have to ask you, does this circumstance itself that they again and again drank water does that not speak against the fact that these persons were volunteers? AFirst I want to say that the circumstance that many of the experimental subjects did not drink fresh water on the sid... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,521,350 | 2,521,850 |
often had the suspicion that this had happened, but it was not always possible to prove it immediately, especially in the first series of experiments. I was confronted with great difficulties. First, one had to make exact comparisons of a certain amount of urine and elimination of salt until one could ascertain with ce... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,521,800 | 2,522,300 |
well in the experiment would later be given cigarettes in the form of a premium, as it were, and now they thought that the longer they held out in the experiment the better the experiment would be. Therefore, they tried to stay in the experiment as long as possible and so this prospect of getting cigarettes induced the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,522,250 | 2,522,750 |
introduced to show the fact that the revengeful attitude that might be exhibited in this paragraph Dr. Steinbauer is now introducing, never actually occurred or the inmates didn't exercise such revenge. I think that this should be brought out in this particular connection. THE PRESIDENT:I wonder if it could be agreed b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,522,700 | 2,523,200 |
to that it is a big burden on us defense counsel, if we are now confronted with the question of finding the individual pages in Kogon's book of looking through the whole book and having to disprove statements in it. Therefore, I ask you not to accept the entire book in evidence but merely the pages from it, which are i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,523,150 | 2,523,650 |
this is a part, and submit anything it desires in that line. MR. HARDY:Thank you, your Honor. DR. STEINBAUER:I shall read this short paragraph then, page 317 and 318. "The majority of those in the camps were filled with an inconceivable desire for revenge, the mental reaction to their helplessness. Tortured people rack... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,523,600 | 2,524,100 |
until 1330 this afternoon. (Thereupon a recess was taken until 1330 hours.) AFTERNOON SESSION (The hearing reconvened at 1330 hours, 9 June 1947.) THE MARSHAL:The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel may proceed. WILHELM BEIGLBOECK - Resumed DIRECT EXAMINATION (Continued) BY DR. STEINBAUER: Q.Professor, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,524,050 | 2,524,550 |
sure that an unsuspected effect of this preparation might appear. This experiment put us in a very difficult position in judging it and several times one could almost despair, especially because it was so difficult to prove that these people had taken in fresh water and because it was so difficult to get the experiment... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,524,500 | 2,525,000 |
the responsibility before any scientist. I am convinced that the dehydration did not reach any dangerous extent in the case of any one of my experimental subjects. Q.These last remarks you could repeat with express reference to your oath which you have sworn? A.Yes, I can do so. As I have already stated, I made the cal... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,524,950 | 2,525,450 |
intravenous injection of hypertonic sugar solution on salt solution, there was a short rise in temperature, an occurrence which otherwise in practice is quite frequent after intravenous injections, but that is not the effect of sea water but the effect of intravenous injections of liquid that appears in every tenth or ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,525,400 | 2,525,900 |
of the intravenous injection, one injected about 150 to 200 cubic centimeters, the feeling of thirst stopped already, and the entire appearance was, after about one quart of liquid had been administered, changed strikingly. It is true that the thirsting person through his loss of water, looks bad, his eyes are sunken i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,525,850 | 2,526,350 |
This theory I believe is the correct one but not the one that Herr Bauer accepted. Q.Now the same witness says that many of them get rabies and similar things? A.There was no case of rabies, not a single one. The case of rabies has not been described in literature about sea distresses or later depressive conditions. In... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,526,300 | 2,526,800 |
up in order to show how it looks. DR. STEINBAUER:Your Honor, I would like to call the attention of the Tribunal to the picture from the famous text book, it is a photostat of the picture of the famous text of a tetanoid attack. I am only submitting the photograph, I give this picture the title "tetanoid picture" No. 17... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,526,750 | 2,527,250 |
needed. Certainly I could be reached by telephone from there. I had given strict orders that I must be called at any time if anything unusual should occur and I could be in the experimental room in a few minutes from my own quarters. Every day I myself paid my night visit about 11 O'clock. And, I believe that I saw to ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,527,200 | 2,527,700 |
myself had experience in clinics for about 15 years prior to that and I hope that during that time I reached the place that I could take blood tests in a scientific and correct manner. Q.You are also supposed to have carried out liver punctures uninterruptedly. A.These liver punctures have the following history. In the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,527,650 | 2,528,150 |
at all in my station, during the preliminary examination-these persons were not my experimental subjects but they were sick prisoners whose illness I discovered whose treatment I initiated and who were never included in my experiments. It happened in the interest of those prisoners that their illness was treated. Here ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,528,100 | 2,528,600 |
told or assured that these people were not kept in the concentration camp because they were gypsies but because they were asocial or members of asocial families. I want to emphasize again that I had no opportunity to examine the files of these people and in that respect I had to relie upon what was being told there. To... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,528,550 | 2,529,050 |
more and it was not in my power to do any more. Q.In the Pillwein affidavit, exhibit 140, an incident is mentioned that you gave up a Yugoslavia medical student from your medical station; what was that about? A.It is true that this Yugoslavia medical student had volunteered to work with me. I asked him whether he was a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,529,000 | 2,529,500 |
testimony of August Viehweg. I should like to remind the Tribunal of document 24, from document book V of the defendant Ruff, which was submitted by my colleague, Dr. Sauter. This file shows that this Prosecution witness, aside from the five years penitentiary sentence, which he admitted, had a number of sentences, fiv... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,529,450 | 2,529,950 |
at the experiments. He was there in the experimental room or the laboratory for about an hour. Q But, the witness. Tschpfening, says that Eppinger was in Dachau earlier and took care of setting up the experimental station? A According to what has been said in the course of the presentation of evidence on the sea water ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,529,900 | 2,530,400 |
a medical measure. After that they were given the relations of the flying personnel as they had been given before the experiment. When the second group was finished I had temporary difficulties with the food. There were about fifteen men. This was because the airfield from which I got the food had been bombed and the s... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,530,350 | 2,530,850 |
a result, especially since we ourselves also drank this water and didn't notice any after effects because the incubation period of all such diarrhea diseases is so short that the diarrhea must have occurred while the persons were still under my observations. Q Witness, I should like to open another chapter now. How muc... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,530,800 | 2,531,300 |
been strictly obligated to conform to all orders of the SS and SS guards while we were in the camp. Otherwise we were an agency of our own and quite independent and for the experiments themselves the SS had no right of disposition and never interfered. Q Witness, did you come into any other experimental stations during... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,531,250 | 2,531,750 |
after the experiment -- that is, after a long period of thirst -- there is a quick water retention and that the only danger from thirst and hypertonic liquid is the loss of water by the body. It was shown that the introduction of liquid leads to a very quick recovery. I know that these experiments have not brought out ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,531,700 | 2,532,200 |
a substitute for experimental animals and it is not true that I lacked sympathy with them. I know exactly how difficult it is to suffer thirst. It is not that I didn't care that I had to ask them to do this, to suffer thirst during the days of the experiment, but I was not able to spare them this after they had volunte... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,532,150 | 2,532,650 |
conscience in this respect. I carried the experiment out with the seriousness and the scientific thoroughness which I had learned in my many years of university training, and at the moment when I stood behind this barbed wire for the first time I did not change basically and leave my former attitude and my former chara... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,532,600 | 2,533,100 |
defendant to his parents in law from Dachau, 12 August 1944. I offer this letter on the question of the order and the voluntary approval. It reads: "Dear Ma and Pa; After a very considerable delay I received your dear letter and the cigarettes for which I thank you very much. This delay was due to my stupid transfer he... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,533,050 | 2,533,550 |
myself was not always present as I frequently had to travel as a courier. "To the best of my belief the plan of the prisoners quarters at the Dachau camp is correct. I have signed it with my name. "The experiments were made on about 40 persons. The color of the chevrons worn by them was black, as far as I can recall. "... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,533,500 | 2,534,000 |
small in volume. "At the conclusion of the experiment the final report was dictated to me, and from this I know that none of the experimental subjects died. The report stated that no lasting ill efficts to health remained. "Dr. Beiglboeck treated the prisoners as humanly as ordinary patients. He was rough to them"- The... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,533,950 | 2,534,450 |
matter of the United States of America, against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany on 10 June 1947, 0930, Justice Beals presiding. THE MARSHAL:Persons in the Courtroom will please find their seats. The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal I. Military Tribunal I is now in session. God sav... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,534,400 | 2,534,900 |
the experimental subjects? Was he also called twice in one night and did he then effect an interruption of the experiments? A.) Yes. Night duties were taken care of by medical students. B. himself made a late inspection every night. He had to be kept informed. I can not say anything about the last question. 5.) Did he ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,534,850 | 2,535,350 |
of the thirst and improvement of the condition. 44.) Did Beiglboeck inform the gipsies about the purpose. course and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the experiments, simultaneously assuring them that he would conduct the experiments in such a way as not to cause permanent injury? Thereupon did they bind themsel... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,535,300 | 2,535,800 |
soda water. 74.) How much blood was taken daily? A) It varied between 5 and 10 cc. 75.) Did you observe any fits of raving madness? What other nervous symptoms did you see? A) No. B. reported a general exaggeration of the reflexes. 77.) Did high temperatures arise during the experiments? Do you consider it possible tha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,535,750 | 2,536,250 |
The director of the experiments was Dr. Beiglboeck who after being informed of the incident demanded the dismissal of Max and who also gave me the strict order to treat the gypsies decently, whereupon I answered that that went without saying. 3) What do you know about the experimental subjects? Answer: 44 men were used... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,536,200 | 2,536,700 |
that two inmates volunteered because they were inmates of Dachau and German gypsies, who by participation in the experiment were released from the so-called punishment company. That the other inmates, too, were volunteers I conclude from the fact that Beiglboeck was very angry when he discovered that some of them had d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,536,650 | 2,537,150 |
they received first skimmed milk, then slops, then a special diet and finally again normal camp food. Once when the food supply from the Luftwaffe was interrupted, there arose differences between the camp administration and Beiglboeck because the camp administration refused to supply this Luftwaffe food to the prisoner... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,537,100 | 2,537,600 |
nor Schilling in our ward block 1/1. Otherwise I can say nothing about it. "14) Did you have any incidents such as attacks of raving madness or hunger riots, etc? "Answer: "There were no hunger riots or attacks or raving madness. I remember one incident when somebody had a screaming fit; he was bound with straps or she... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,537,550 | 2,538,050 |
made, because shortly after the conclusion of the sea water experiments I was posted from Dachau to an branch detail, Fischen/Allgau." Your Honors, I should now like to call our attention to the sketch attached to this affidavit. I have had an English translation prepared by the General Secretary's office so that you w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,538,000 | 2,538,500 |
May I inquire of counsel whether or not he intends to continue his direct examination of the defendant Beiglboeck this morning, or whether he is going to read his affidavits now. It seems to me that he could continue his direct examination and introduce his affidavits after the time that Beiglboeck has left the stand. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,538,450 | 2,538,950 |
if I had not placed full reliance in Dr. Beiglboeck's attitude. "In reply, I received a letter from a Luftwaffe hospital From this hospital it appeared that he had left Dachau. In this letter he emphasized how happy he was to have got away from Dachau and to be back at his former medical work." And now I am finished wi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,538,900 | 2,539,400 |
defendant so that the continuity will not be interrupted and so that my preparation will not be interrupted. Furthermore, the remarks regarding the prosecution's requesting that these Gypsies report to Nurnberg is rather uncalled for inasmuch as the prosecution hasn't been in a position to send out such a call before i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,539,350 | 2,539,850 |
opportunity to study it. I know that Professor Ivy is here. He will certainly study the matter. We have nothing to be afraid of. That is my point of view. MR. HARDY: Your Honor, I don't understand this plea and I request a ruling as to whether or not I can cross examine the defendant Beiglboeck now or whether I have to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,539,800 | 2,540,300 |
Honor, I assure you the prosecution isn't running a bread line. The prosecution merely sent out an appeal. THE PRESIDENT:That matter has been settled, Mr. Hardy. There is no use taking further time. DR. STEINBAUER:I am finished with the direct examination of this witness. THE PRESIDENT:Do any other defense counsel have... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,540,250 | 2,540,750 |
a report to the Ahnenerbe or the Reichsfuehrer SS, or any other agency, aside from your own branch of the Wehrmacht, concerning your experiments? A.I reported on these experiments only to my superior agency, the Luftwaffe Medical Inspector, and no one else. Q.Now, you heard in the course of earlier examination that the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,540,700 | 2,541,200 |
Water Equipment in the Reichs Ministry Speer? A.I learned of the existance of this committee here. Q.Then as far as you know this committee had nothing to do with the sea-water experiments? A.Certainly not. Making sea-water drinkable was not done by a committee but by the discovery of Dr. Schaefer. Q.Do you know Dr. Zi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,541,150 | 2,541,650 |
your estimation? AIt was the same width as the main corridor of the hospital. As far as I remember, it was the same width. QWas it covered over as a part of a building or was it an open street? AIt was between two barracks. This was a covered hall and between the barracks. QIs that also true of the passageway which is ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,541,600 | 2,542,100 |
"Vieweg" there were microscopes and laboratory tests were carried out. Between my experimental station and where it says Malaria Station, Block 3, there were sometimes prisoners in the court yard. I considered that they were hospital patients. Q.Now, then, the area, this is an area marked on the chart as "Court yard fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,542,050 | 2,542,550 |
on several days I saw that they got sausage and cheese and margarine and bread, one of these things each time. I would estimate that this food of the medical students was about 2000 calories; that is a rough estimate. Q.I believe you said at the beginning of your direct examination that you made some effort to have the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,542,500 | 2,543,000 |
of premiums. And, furthermore, that I would try to get alleviations of their sentences for them. What I had in mind was what had been promised to me by the SS. I had been explicitly told that these people would not have to go through the experiments for nothing; that they would get certain considerations. Two people to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,542,950 | 2,543,450 |
the fact that they would suffer from thirstwhether they wanted to participate in the experiments. They had a chance to think it over and they came back and said, "Yes, we want to participate." And I said, "If you are willing now then you have to keep the conditions of the experiments later." Q.Did you tell them anythin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,543,400 | 2,543,900 |
affiant, your witness Fritz Pillwein? A.I don't remember asking them for their date of birth myself. Is is, of course, possible that someone said "I don't know exactly." That is an answer that one often gets from a gypsy. As I know, earlier in Austria we often had occasion at the clinic to treat gypsies and their perso... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,543,850 | 2,544,350 |
joined again in 1938 after the Anschluss. Q.Did you belong to the SS? A.No, never. Q.The SA? A.Yes. Q.Did you belong to any National Socialist Physician's Associations? A.Yes, 1938. Q.Did you belong to any other NSDAP organization? A.The League of Lecturers. Nothing else. Q.Did you attend the school at Altrese? A.No. I... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,544,300 | 2,544,800 |
at Dachau? A.Most of the talks about the experiment that I had were with BeckerFreyseng. I received the official order from Merz whom I believe was an Oberfeldarzt at the time, and once I reported to Professor Schroeder briefly. Q.When did you speak to Schroeder? A.I cannot give you the date exactly. I had been in Berl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,544,750 | 2,545,250 |
longer alive, and my mother wouldn't have suffered either, but I would probably have been brought to trial and my wife and children would have suffered from that. Q.Was Himmler involved in these experiments? A.I know nothing about Himmler in connection with these experiments or, at least, didn't until this trial, excep... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,545,200 | 2,545,700 |
of it. In this case if one mehtod could not be introduced because of raw material lack, and the other because of ineffectiveness it would be important to decide whether it would be better to go without water or drink sea water. Q.Then the circumstance as outlined to you was merely to test the efficacy of Schaefer and B... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,545,650 | 2,546,150 |
group which would have the same food conditions, but would get enough water. As far as I recall this group originally was to get drinking water, and I believe I remember that Becker-Freyseng said we might take the Schaefer method right away. At least the technical office will then have the proof that Schaefer water is ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,546,100 | 2,546,600 |
had suffered any serious consequences during the experiment, so that there was no reason to make a secret of it." Isn't it evident from that passage it was necessary to keep the entire program a secret prior to the execution thereof, and the documents here in evidence are classified secret, not the methods? A.Whether t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,546,550 | 2,547,050 |
would not get in touch with either of them in order to not endanger my objectivity, so that I would not be influenced either against or for either of the methods. QWell, was this a competition between the Schaefer and Berka method and you were the judge? AI was not the judge. I was the one who had the misfortune to be ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,547,000 | 2,547,500 |
AIf you mean that I was the only person in the world who could have decided this question, then no. I must say there could have been twenty, thirty or more internists in Germany who would have been able to carry out these experiments. That I just happened to have the misfortune, was a unfortunate coincidence. QDid you ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,547,450 | 2,547,950 |
to the effects we received by testing it on a healthy person and similar tests must be made on patients to see if with certain diseases that is true and effective. QDid you get their consent in writing? ANo. QWas it necessary to determine the age of a person before you used them in such an experiment? AYes, of course. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,547,900 | 2,548,400 |
to take any measures to which this law applies, then you would have to ask the parents if it is a minor. QThen, you never bothered considering the problem of consent of a person under twenty-one years of age during your entire career as a medical man; is that correct, until today? AAt the moment somebody was admitted t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,548,350 | 2,548,850 |
sea water experiments? ASo far as I heard regarding this from them, they were asked whether they wished to apply for experiments in Dachau and then from the top or some large group of them there the number in question did apply. QDid you participate in the actual selection of the gypies used? ANo. Regarding this I can ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,548,800 | 2,549,300 |
I received when I inquired into the matter of the insigna they were wearing. Q.Were they rendered or judged social simply because they were Gypsies? A.That, I cannot tell you in detail; I only can tell you what the SS officers told me about this: They told me explicitely they were not in custody because they were Gypsi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,549,250 | 2,549,750 |
not commit any crimes. Nevertheless, the family is declared asocial. Now, if there are children from a family in which, let us say among 100 members an estimate of 70 are characterized by a criminal life, then that whole family will be scientifically classified as asocial family. I do not know what the basis for giving... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,549,700 | 2,550,200 |
wished? A.I told them you must put up with that thirst for a few days, I cannot tell you for how long exactly, and I told them that they would not have to thirst any longer than I could take the responsibility for. And, I told them if they simply could not stand it, they should tell me and I would take that into consid... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,550,150 | 2,550,650 |
the Mess Sergeant not for myself, but for my experimental subjects; and my parents did not have to send me these cigarettes. They sent them to me; that sort of thing happens in the best of families. Q.Did you check and absolutely make certain that each one of these subjects received, as his due reward, after having bee... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,550,600 | 2,551,100 |
had gone to Himmler and told him, "Reich Minister, you are keeping these gypsies here unjustly, I consider that a crime". I would have been shot, killed, or at best locked up in an insane asylum. Q:When did you arrive at Dachau, at the concentration cargo, the date? You must remember that in as much as in letters to yo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,551,050 | 2,551,550 |
was told that they were asked whether they wished to participate in experiments involving sea water and that on being so asked that gypsies applied. I then told them, when they came to me what would go on in the experiments and asked them whether they wanted to participate or not. In other words, if they had been told ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,551,500 | 2,552,000 |
named. Reinhardt. Q:Tell us the names of the three Luftwaffe officers? A:One was named Dr. Lesse, one Dr. Schuster, and one Dr. Foersterling. Q:Tell us the names of the three male prisoner nurses. A:From the Luftwaffe or from among the prisoners? Q:From among the prisoners. A:Pillwein. Q:Yes. A:Worlicek. Q:Yes. A:And t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,551,950 | 2,552,450 |
in our hospitals. Moreover, I told you that the medical students, one of whom had been in school for nine semesters, were used to this work and I told them that they were to call me as soon as there was any need for me, particularly in case there was any delirium. However, no cases of delirium occurred. Q.Well, at any ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,552,400 | 2,552,900 |
know what you would do if you were very thirsty and saw water sitting around all the time." I presume that I told him something to that effect, but I don't recall any specific episode. It happened, on occasions, that such thoughtlessness took place and that water was loft in the experimental room. Q.Did you ever threat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,552,850 | 2,553,350 |
I object to the submission of both of these documents, for it cannot be seen from the document who took the affidavits from the affiant. It started out in the first sentence "Before me appears Herr Joseph Vorlicek." I certainly want to know who that "me" is. The date is 9 May 1947. I ask that I be told who took this af... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,553,300 | 2,553,800 |
you remember those instances, Doctor? A:I have already said that it is possible that Vorlicek left water lying around and perhaps I put it in the way he says, -- but if he construed that as a threat on my part to take him into the experiment. -- He says the alternative was obvious. "I know from my own experiences that ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,553,750 | 2,554,250 |
to get fresh water on the side. Q:That adds to the voluntary nature of the experiments, doesn't it? A:If you read medical literature you will see that thirst experiments are always carried on behind locked doors. That is not a special characteristic of the thirst experiments in Dachau. Q:Professor Vollhardt didn't carr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,554,200 | 2,554,700 |
didn't you give it to them? A.As long as they were with me they did got it and after they were released from my station and the station was closed, I demanded that they should receive the food in the future and I was told that they were. Q.Vorlicek says on Page 2 of his affidavit,NO-3282that good food after the experim... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,554,650 | 2,555,150 |
them because I needed them as a basis for the calculation of the percentage of salt contained in the food. I can assure you that this amount of food, so long as I was there, was delivered by the Luftwaffe, with the exception of these one or two days of irregularities which I have already spoken of. Then I did not give ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,555,100 | 2,555,600 |
88, because I asked them to give me food of this caloric content, and this caused difficulties since they said they could not do that on credit and would have to have authorization from the Luftwaffe. After two or three days I received this food delivery, and from then on the experimental subjects did receive this diet... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,555,550 | 2,556,050 |
were suffering from a lung disease you never used in your experiments? A.No. Q.How many X-rays does it take to determine whether or not you can use a person in your experiments; one? A.One X-ray is enough for the preliminary examination yes. A.Well, let us turn to DocumentNO-3342, which is offered for identification as... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,556,000 | 2,556,500 |
working and sick, were transferred from the experimental station into different sections of the General Prisoner Hospital. Amongst them were a number who were very weakened and apparently dangerously ill, and whose survival seemed unlikely. I know that because I had to radiograph all the people coming into the prisoner... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,556,450 | 2,556,950 |
know for I was now allowed in the experimental station itself and the covering up of such cases of death in experimental stations was always very clever." Signed "Josef Tschefenig," Now, Dr. Beiglboeck, do you recall the case of that individual? DR STEINBAUER:Mr. President, I wish to have this witness for cross examina... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,556,900 | 2,557,400 |
to the experiment on the inmates, how long did you drink sea water? A.Four and a half days. Q.How many cc's per day? A.Half a liter. Q.Five hundred cc's? A.Five hundred cc's. That is right. Q.Did you eat any food? A.I ate sea emergency rations. Q.And you drank exclusively sea water--no other water? A.Of course. Q.How l... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,557,350 | 2,557,850 |
a person drinks 1000 cc's is not so really very large over the amount when drinking 500' cc's; it amounts to roughly 250 cc's a day. QWouldn't there be twice the drain on the bodies water and dehydrate the person faster if he was drinking 1000 cc's per day as opposed to 500 cc's? AI just told you what happened.Agreater... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,557,800 | 2,558,300 |
of that statement, Doctor? Was it because they thought you were fooling them and insisted you try it first? AWe doctors, we are used to the fact that medicines given to patients which are somewhat foreign to him, and in order to awaken his confidence in this medicine, we take some of it ourselves; that is the customary... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,558,250 | 2,558,750 |
and I asked that these subjects should be given a physical examination subsequently; this was also promised me. It was very improbably that any symptoms should be developed but should any develop I wished to be informed of them. QNow, this chart you have submitted to the Tribunal, drawn by Fritz Pillwein, giving the lo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,558,700 | 2,559,200 |
the point I now mark "A"; what is here, the point I now mark "B". That is just a suggestion. MR. HARDY:Thank you, your Honor. You will note from the chart, Dr. Beiglboeck, the malaria station - the block that has Vieweg's name in it. Now we go to the left hand corner. We mark that point A. We follow that over to your e... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,559,150 | 2,559,650 |
the right where it says "Labor". They were taken there. They were taken in between where it says "Revierstation" and "Labor". And then they were taken to the barracks where the x-ray station was. QHow many floors did each barracks have, was it a one story, to story, or three story building? AOnly one. QOnly one. Would ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,559,600 | 2,560,100 |
him than to me." Q.Who is Pontius? A.The phrase "Pontius in scredo Kommen" is a German phrase, meaning that you find yourself involved in some action without knowing how you got yourself into that position. What I waited to say was that I found myself obliged to carry out this assignment without doing anything to achie... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,560,050 | 2,560,550 |
series in an orderly way. There are some inaccuracies here because I had not concerned myself with this matter for two years and I put down everything in this report from memory. Consequently I can't swear that everything in it is correct. Some small details may be inaccurate, that I admit, but what I have reported her... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,560,500 | 2,561,000 |
to? A.This was certainly in the second experimental series, one of the patients between 32 and 44, because, in the first group, I had no time to put in stomach sounds because taking care of the patients in other ways took op too much time. Q.At the final meeting in Berlin in the Zoological Garden in October, 1944, did ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,560,950 | 2,561,450 |
I had no original documentation, but I told him that from memory and I also told him what anybody night expect, namely, that the blood became thicker. Q.What other records do you have in your possession besides these graphs and these two books? Do you have any other records? A.No. QDoes defense counsel have any other r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,561,400 | 2,561,900 |
are actual conditions at Dachau and recorded by the defendant himself. In many instances, these documents have been altered. The alterations may have been made at Dachau, they may have been made later. In view of the fa.ct that they have been altered, the prosecution thinks it necessary that they be impounded by the Tr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,561,850 | 2,562,350 |
now take the documents in its custody. They will be in the possession of the Tribunal from now on. They may be used for cross-examination, and under reasonable circumstances they will be subject to examination by either counsel under such rules as the Tribunal shall later announce. But from now on they are in the custo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,562,300 | 2,562,800 |
that is the decisive factor. From that alone the experiments can be evaluated. Moreover, in the fever charts there are descriptions of a few other things, so that for the specialist they present a pretty clear picture. MR. HARDY:At this time if the Tribunal could adjourn for a period 10 minutes, I will have the table m... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,562,750 | 2,563,250 |
WITNESS: F-R-A-N-Z. MR. HARDY:Now on the first line under the heading of the chart there appears this word, would you kindly tell us what that line is, the first mark? THE PRESIDENT:I would suggest that you designate it as the first horizontal block running from left to right on the page. MR. HARDY:Thank you. THE PRESI... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,563,200 | 2,563,700 |
the first line here is the date: On the second line, the days on which the subject was observed. Here in the third line there is the record of the weight and, if I remember correctly, it is also set down below in some cases. Here is the subject's height. The blue is the temperature. The red is the pulse. Here is the re... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,563,650 | 2,564,150 |
the blunt black line indicates normal temperature and any blue line marked above the black line indicates temperature above normal. Is that correct? A.Yes. Q.Immediately under the black blunt line, in the middle of the page, we find blue marks running left to right in an irregular manner. Do those indicate the temperat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,564,100 | 2,564,600 |
THE PRESIDENT:I will ask the witness how many days the charts indicate that the subject was experimented on. MR. HARDY:If your Honor, pleases, I intend to analyze that in taking care of each chart. THE PRESIDENT:Well. QIn connection with the last examination of the defendant, he stated that these vertical marks and. re... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,564,550 | 2,565,050 |
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