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of these bodies were carried out at my Freiburg institute...." and a few names are again mentioned, namely the physicians who were conducting these examinations. There is also mention made of the work which was attached to these examinations. It is Exhibit 30-B. Mr. Buechner continues: "3) For each of the 28 cases inve... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,295,000 | 2,295,500 |
people were in "very urgent danger of freezing to death", one would at least have to recognize the significance of the problem as it existed for us after the first winter in Russia. After all, thousands of frozen persons were treated wrongly, and finally the right solution is found and is immediately confirmed. The dec... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,295,450 | 2,295,950 |
118 of the English version. This is a file note signed by Mr. Sievers, dated 4 February 1943, and it concerns itself with SS Hauptsturmfuehrer Stabsarzt Dr. Rascher. Mention is made in this docu ment that Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Dr. Hippke allegedly said on the telephone that one could no longer tolerate Dr. Ras... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,295,900 | 2,296,400 |
charge against you. The indictment charges you to have participated in criminal experiments between June of 1942 to January 1945 in the concentration camps of Natzweiler and Sachsenhausen. I ask you now, witness... When did you first hear of the facts which the prosecution has here brought forward, namely, these allege... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,296,350 | 2,296,850 |
QNow, one more question. Haagen was a medical officer in the Reserve Corps of the Luftwaffe. Did he not, as such, have an obligation to report on all work and all research commissions that he received from any office whatsoever? AIf all medical officers had had to report on all the work that they did, we should have ha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,296,800 | 2,297,300 |
paragraph of this document there is mentioned of an invitation that Mr. Dohmen discussed this matter with you ... or rather, with Haagen. Did you know anything of this planned work, involving Dohmen and Haagen? A.No, I know nothing about that. Q. furthermore, in this document, witness, in the next paragraph, it is aid ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,297,250 | 2,297,750 |
and other research men. All these physicians, as we know from other documents, are members of the Reserve Corps of the Luftwaffe. These are research matters .... and so I may ask you whether you know anything of this collaboration. A.No. Q.Witness -- just to clarify this whole business - one interim question .. These s... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,297,700 | 2,298,200 |
necessary steps to obtain the required experimental subjects? I don't know what sort of subjects Gutzeit has at his disposal -whether they arc soldiers or other people." Now, that is a question whether Kalk, in his official capacity, through the Chief of the Luftwaffe Medical service could take steps to get experimenta... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,298,150 | 2,298,650 |
his affidavit, declared: "The Institute for Medical Research in Strassbourg, as an integral part of the University, came under the Dean of the Medical Faculty. The head of the Luftwaffe Medical Service had nothing to do with it." In connection with the hepatitis research, Mr. President, I have also to put in evidence B... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,298,600 | 2,299,100 |
Natzweiler. Haagen was an Oberstabsarzt of the Luftwaffe, and from the end of '43 on he was consulting hygienist in the air fleet "Middle." What did you know about Haagen and his work during the war? AOf his work, I knew nothing. When I took over the referat in May 1944, I found out that Professor Haagen had a research... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,299,050 | 2,299,550 |
is the same way everyone else did his; at any rate, in the referat I simply found a, few documents in the files including a list of research assignments. An the other files and documents were in the central filing office and were taken from the central filing office only when needed. QThe documents that refer to Haagen... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,299,500 | 2,300,000 |
will state briefly what that was. Shortly there-to-fore I had taken over the medical sub-department of the medical institute of the Air Ministry which Dr. Benzinger had previously represented. A few research commissions had been given by this office to gentlemen in the Strasbourg university, including the assignment to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,299,950 | 2,300,450 |
if ho would give copies to the court, tho Prosecution and Interpreter. MR. HARDY:I will conceive, Your Honor, I looked on my desk at noon and it wasn't there, and I do not have tho document book. THE PRESIDENT:Has counsel for the Prosecution this document now going offered? DR. TIPP:Perhaps tho secretary General would ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,300,400 | 2,300,900 |
of which he particularly informed me but nevertheless he considered it essential for professor Haagen and myself to be in direct contact side he himself had no special knowledge of tho manufacture of vaccines and could therefore not answer my specific questions about the particular requirements in connection with the t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,300,850 | 2,301,350 |
Paragraph I of this document. This paragraph I is r typical explanation of the work which was carried on in the Referat Aviation medicine, which bore no actual aviation medicine character. In other words, a research assignment which had a non-aviation medical character, and it was for this kind of work that my referat ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,301,300 | 2,301,800 |
our office, as everywhere else, that the date was inserted at the time the signature was written. Q.In this connection, I may point out, Mr. President, that in the photostatic copy, which is before me, the dace is not written by typewriter but was inserted by ink or pencil. That means that whoever signed that letter at... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,301,750 | 2,302,250 |
office. On the other hand, you told us before that the Roman Numeral One (I) originates from you and I am referring to Document 131; can you tell us haw this letter came about before it was submitted for Mr. Kahnt's signature? A.The signature on any letter wherein a report is made about a financial matter could not be ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,302,200 | 2,302,700 |
this famous remark did not concern me and would have sent it to the Hygiene referent, but I think this is highly probable, that because all letters after all had to go over the departmental chief before they were distributed among the referents. The departmental chief, of course, knew exactly what his seven or eight re... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,302,650 | 2,303,150 |
part I, correction, document book III, part I, regarding freezing on page 7 of the German and English text and bears the number 448, Exhibit No. 81. Now witness, would you please continue. Q.I gladly admit that there is a certain difficulty regarding these numbers since the registration numbers have been subject to a d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,303,100 | 2,303,600 |
had nothing to do with the Referat for Aviation Medicine, just as little as the Referat designation IIB and IB. These were matters for the Referat Hygiene. ACorrect. In addition, I may point out that there is not the slightest hint contained in that document that any experiment on s human being was contemplated. Howeve... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,303,550 | 2,304,050 |
-- that the Referat was, in effect, a subdepartment? Isn't that what he said? Now then he has been continuously referring to the fact that this communication having to do with vaccines was not a matter for his Referat. Isn't that what he said? How many Referats were there in the Institute or in that phase of it? DR. TI... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,304,000 | 2,304,500 |
department. The subdivisions of these departments were the Referats. Concerned here are the Referat Hygiene, under Stabsarzt Atmer; and the Referat for Aviation Medicine under Professor Anthony, later under Professor Becker-Freyseng. In addition, there were a number of other Referats in this department which, so far, h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,304,450 | 2,304,950 |
document has no connection with any experiments on human beings? ACertainly not. DR. TIPP:In this entire problem, Mr. President, tho question of file references plays a considerable part because, in tho case of typhus, tho Prosecution always referred tho Tribunal to file references in order to prove tho responsibility ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,304,900 | 2,305,400 |
any connection with any one office it would be the office of Anthony. My general competence as to the handling of research assignments can be seen from Exhibit No. 136 of the Prosecution, the letter of Professor Rose to Professor Haagen of the 9th of June 1943, in Document Book XII, page 77 of the German book, and page... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,305,350 | 2,305,850 |
if they desire that Whitsun Monday be observed as a holiday. The Tribunal will cooperate with them and hold no session next Monday. Do you know, what the other Tribunals have done in connection with this matter? MR. HARDY:I understand that Tribunal No. 2 downstairs will have no session on Monday as to the decision of t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,305,800 | 2,306,300 |
subsequently submitted to the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. Since we are here concerned with a research matter, I assume that the Prosecution will charge you with having had knowledge of this report. Did you know of this report or do you remember it? AI do not remember this final report of Haagen. Howe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,306,250 | 2,306,750 |
In addition, it becomes evident from this letter that the work had been sent back to Dr. Haagen. QWitness, you are now speaking about the last document which you just cited? AYes, I am speaking about DocumentNO-128, Exhibit 307. It says here "Annex - one manuscript, two copies". That Haagen sent more than two copies of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,306,700 | 2,307,200 |
psychiatrist at the Catholic Institute for the Care of the Young. "Until 1941 I worked at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute attached to the University of Munich. As I was considered politically unreliable By the Nazis, I had to leave this institute in 1941. In January, 1944, I ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,307,150 | 2,307,650 |
cross-examination. In this research list there are contained the research assignments by the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe and Research Guidance of the Reich Ministry for Aviation and Supreme Commander of the Luftwaffe. As the reviser the Stabsarzt Dr. BeckerFreyseng is mentioned. On page 7 of that docu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,307,600 | 2,308,100 |
the manufacture of a yellow fever vaccine was stopped by the Medical Inspectorate of the Luftwaffe in the summer of 1944. Q.For purposes of clarification I may say that the document which was just mentioned by the witness as the prosecution Document NO. -297, Exhibit 316, and it can be found in Document Book 12 on page... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,308,050 | 2,308,550 |
in every army throughout the world? A.The latter is true, but naturally these files were not kept in the Referat, but as is customary everywhere else these were kept in the Registration office. I, after all, only had one little office, and I hadn't enough room there to keep all my files in that office. Furthermore, I c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,308,500 | 2,309,000 |
document which you happen to be discussing. AFor instance, on page 2 of the document under 1-10, there is an assignment given to Professor Weltz. This name was copied as Weltze. This is obviously a very simple matter, but had I looked through this list in the year of 1944 I am sure this would have attracted my attentio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,308,950 | 2,309,450 |
reason the inaccuracies are contained in the list. I think this is something that must be discussed with the witness and cannot be clarified by a mere discussion between the defense counsel and Prosecution. But, I think, witness, that we can adhere to the Tribunal's wish, and drop the matter. MR. HARDY:I must point out... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,309,400 | 2,309,900 |
prosecution deems it irrelevant and I object to any further introduction of documents along these lines. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal has not read the document. What is the probitive value of the material offered in this document, counsel? DR. TIPP:This can be settled briefly, Mr. President. This is the secretary who had... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,309,850 | 2,310,350 |
his secretary, Miss Wagner, by mistake inserted the remark, or it crept into the original in some way; or it is further possible that the person who is unknown to as and who has transcribed the original list has made that error. It is in no way contested that the photostatic copy submitted here contains the remark "sec... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,310,300 | 2,310,800 |
I may offer Becker-Freyseng No. 36, which is the last document in Becker-Freyseng document book No. 2. This will be Exhibit No. 25 and can be found on page 153 of the document book No. 2. This is an affidavit by a certain Dr. Halbach, which was made at the Chiemsee on the 27 January, 1947, and was certified in the prop... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,310,750 | 2,311,250 |
Prof. Dr. Eugen Haagen. As far as I remember, they were concerned with the production of typhus, yellow fever and influence vaccines. As far as I remember they were dated some years back (about 1940 or 1941), and, at Hagen's request, were extended annually. The order for the production of yellow fever vaccine was cance... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,311,200 | 2,311,700 |
of taking a recess at this time. Counsel may proceed with the matter at 11:00 o'clock. The Tribunal will now be in recess for a few minutes. (A recess was taken) THE MARSHAL:The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:The clerk will return this photostat to the counsel. Counsel nay proceed. Q.Dr. Becker, now we com... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,311,650 | 2,312,150 |
you were actually involved in planning experiments as a Referent; will you please tell the Tribunal how these experiments came about? AThe problem of combatting thirst in cases of distress at sea up until 1942 was not settled either in Germany or in any other country, at least not with much success. Just as in other co... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,312,100 | 2,312,600 |
lecture was simply a lecture based on his reading on the subject. QNow, what happened after this meeting; how did the matter develop? AIn the winter of 1942-43 and in 1943? Dr. Schaefer worked on this problem Intensively. First of all, he made physiological tests on how thirst was caused. It is remarkable that a thing ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,312,550 | 2,313,050 |
drinkable even under the conditions prevailing in a lifeboat. In the meantime I have become acquainted with a procedure developed by an American scientist, but I can still uphold this statement which I have just made because through my knowledge the procedure developed by Dr. Schaefer is the Only one which at the same ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,313,000 | 2,313,500 |
Dr. Schaefer and his opinion on them asked for, and on the basis of Schaefer's opinion and my own opinion we came to the conclusion that the Berka method was to be rejected under all conditions; and so in the first days of May 1944 a very definite rejection was given to the Technical Office. I shall go into the reasons... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,313,450 | 2,313,950 |
and Berka worked first at the Technical College in Vienna without any assignment, and only when Anthony informed the Technical Office would the Technical Office have been turned over to Berka. Q.Witness, the Technical Office now speaks of Schaefer's process and I quote. That is No. 1. "The IG method uses mainly sulpha ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,313,900 | 2,314,400 |
tc believe that that is a very harmless matter, which can be easily settled and which is no reason against introducing such a method. QWitness, the letter goes on to say, I quote: "2. The second process which was worked cut is the so-called Berka method. According to this method the salts present in the sea water arc n... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,314,350 | 2,314,850 |
takes the amount of two thousand calories per person per day, which is ideal under present day conditions, this one ton of glucose which the Technical Office wanted would be enough to feed a four person family, from the point of view of calories alone, of course, for five hundred days, and yet the Technical Office says... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,314,800 | 2,315,300 |
important for what I have to say about the discussions of the 19 and 20 May which followed. QWitness, did the Technical Office demonstrate this prejudice which you speak of before the discussions of 19 and 20 May? AIn regard to Berkatit, in part, yes, because before the 20th of May, for example, Christensen called up D... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,315,250 | 2,315,750 |
for them? Did the Chief of the Medical Services of the Luftwaffe call them, or who? AThese discussions were called by the Technical Office, and at both discussions the person who called them presided at them, that was Oberstingeniour Christensen, the head cf this department GL/ce 5. My department chief, as I said, sent... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,315,700 | 2,316,200 |
participants at the meeting. There was a third possibility in very long discussions; the office which called the meeting, the representative of which was in charge of the meeting, drew up a report of the meeting, a report of the discussion rather, the draft of which was sent to the various agencies or persons who had p... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,316,150 | 2,316,650 |
say that at this discussion I heard one of the participants, the chief of the Travemuende Government Testing Station, a Major Jeworek, attack me personally. He said I was against Berkatit only because I was financially interested in the other method. I stood up and wanted to leave. Unfortunately, I did not and I lot Ch... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,316,600 | 2,317,100 |
carried out under our responsibility. In Serany's experiments, every subject could drink as much as he wanted. This caused diarrhea, which made the thirst much Worse and this dearrhea was not included in Serany's records cf the experiments. In my speech, I said when speaking on some definite experiments subject of Sera... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,317,050 | 2,317,550 |
of liquid are lost. That was our preliminary argument against Berkatit. It might seem that the Prosecution is right in saying that I called the Berkatit experiments very dangerous, but that is not the case I said that the use of Birkatit in practice in distress at sea was very dangerous for the following reasons. If on... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,317,500 | 2,318,000 |
aid of his Berkatit will try to drink sea water. He again introduces a considerable amount of salt into his body which must again be eliminated from his body and, since, by and large, the water which is mingled with the salt is not sufficient, he will get more and more thirsty as time goes on and thereby will begin to ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,317,950 | 2,318,450 |
engineers, who also were participants in this meeting, about the matter as I just described it. Very soon I noticed that I had described it in such a way as to really make it clear to the engineers what the danger of Berkatit actually meant. For very understandable propagandistic reasons I therefore painted the danger ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,318,400 | 2,318,900 |
before the Tribunal. THE PRESIDENT:I would ask the counsel for the defendant just what the purpose is of pursuing this particular phase of the interrogation any further. The Tribunal might well be convinced that the Schaeffer method for purifying sea water making it potable was the better method and that it was the met... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,318,850 | 2,319,350 |
was my task to put the purely objective danger of this procedure to these people. I think that my description rather impressed these people. Everything contained in this document No. 177, Prosecution Exhibit 132 is an oral repetition of parts of this text book by Bergmann. A.May I now refer you to another point in this... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,319,300 | 2,319,800 |
of May, therefore, neither the experimental series themselves nor the commission were known, who were to determine the conditions for these experiments. The members of this commission were only appointed on the 20th of May in the presence of the representatives of the Navy and, only on the 25th of May, 1944, the experi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,319,750 | 2,320,250 |
it is clear that we were not in a position to determine the conditions for the experiments among both of us, but that the Navy and the Technical Office urged that the experimental conditions be determined in the presence of their representatives. Q.Witness, in that case I can say that the conference of the 25th of May,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,320,200 | 2,320,700 |
done so. If I carry out an experiment in order to find out the tolerance of an experimental subject towards a certain drug for any particular length of time, it lacks the most primitive logic to determine already at the very beginning how long this experiment is to last. If so I could have saved myself the entire exper... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,320,650 | 2,321,150 |
dates were to be exceeded experimentally, isn't that correct? A.Yes, that is true. Q.Witness, during these negotiations and during the negotiation of the 19th of May 1944 was there any mention made of the selection of the experimental subjects; was it said expressly that these were to be furnished by the Reichsfuehrer ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,321,100 | 2,321,600 |
military hospitals of soldiers was to be limited to the smallest extent and as far as it could be justified medically, which meant that not even this possibility could be considered. The Prosecution asked Generaloberstabsarzt Prof. Schroeder during the cross examination whether he considered it possible that in the yea... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,321,550 | 2,322,050 |
one could get a few volunteers for such an experiment. Now, the referent of Christensen, Stabs-Engineer Schickler, referred to this remark in the meeting on 20th of May and asked me as it is stated in this record, since he had consulted me about the meeting of the 19th and since he himself said it was very difficult to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,322,000 | 2,322,500 |
the time of this meeting I said that the alleged 2.5 to 3 tons of silver required was a gross exaggeration and the technical office had to admit that and promised to check the affair again. Q.Then what can you say in conclusion on the point of the document? A.The whole document? Q.Yes, I mean this last passage. You hav... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,322,450 | 2,322,950 |
is obvious that this statement were proof that the writer failed to understand the problem. Not only every Navy expert but everyone else who thinks this matter through carefully will agree with me no doubt if I say that precisely in the Navy there is great interest in finding such a process. While the Luftwaffe had onl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,322,900 | 2,323,400 |
people on this commission you have just mentioned who were to meet later and determine the series of experiments. Is this list of the member of the commission here, correct? A.Yes, no names are now except Professor Eppinger. It is hardly possible to make any mistakes, therefore. I may point out the following: "As repre... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,323,350 | 2,323,850 |
high Police Agency of the Reichsfuehrer-SS or the Reich Ministry of Interior. It is quite possible that that is based on the following mistakes or the following facts: Everyone present realized that experiments with prisoners could not be performed in any prison or penitentiary and probably one of the people present wo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,323,800 | 2,324,300 |
lists L. In. 16. That was the Inspectorate of the Luftwaffe, No. 16. It was the inspectorate for distress at sea which was, of course, interested. Q.Now come the offices which were to get this document for their information: How about them? A.First, it lists three offices about which I know for certain that they had no... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,324,250 | 2,324,750 |
the 25th of 26th or 27th. In any case, I know that I did not get the letter, because it had to go through official channels in our office too, until after the discussion of the 25th of May. After the conditions for the experiment had been settled in the presence of Professor Eppinger and Professor Heubner and other peo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,324,700 | 2,325,200 |
like to remark one thing. It is three weeks since we sent the document in for translation. I assume that the Language Division is over-worked. That is the only explanation I can think of. I am very sorry, but in this matter I certainly don't bear the blame. THEPRESIDENT: (Interrupting): Nothing I said was meant as any ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,325,150 | 2,325,650 |
the essential content of the discussion of the 25th of May? A.My department chief an I hoped that it would result from this conference that no further experiments would be necessary. Consequently, the first question put before the professors, that is Professor Eppinger, Professor Heubner and Professor Nette, was whethe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,325,600 | 2,326,100 |
THE PRESIDENT:The Secretary-General will note for the record the presence of all the defendants in court. Counsel may proceed. Dr. Marx, if because of your injury you find it inconvenient to stand you may conduct your examination seated. Arrangements can be made for a microphone for you. There will be no objection to y... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,326,050 | 2,326,550 |
of view briefly. A.The military point of view in the summer of 1944 was characterized by the fact that the Luftwaffe as well as the Navy were in an unfavorable position, in such a position remedies at sea are more important for an air force than when it is victorious. On the other hand, I have the point of view that if... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,326,500 | 2,327,000 |
normal drinking water, 1,000 cc per day. This normal drinking water was later produced during the experiment by treating sea water with Wofatit, Schaefer's drug. But I want to point out that this was not a test for Wofatit because no one, not even any representatives of the Technical Office, had any doubt of the effect... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,326,950 | 2,327,450 |
since the 1st of July, 1945, has been working at the Physiological-chemical Institute of the University of Halle. I read # 2: "For cases of distress at sea, the German Luftwaffe had the following facilities at their disposal: a. The emergency ration containers in rubber lifeboats. b. The sea emergency ration buoys drop... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,327,400 | 2,327,900 |
A.No, the duration of the experiments was not determined before hand, because that was the purpose of the test; that was what was to be determined. Q.Witness, you know that the Prosecution finds the main charge against you and your co-defendants in the fact that, according to the so-called minutes which we have quoted ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,327,850 | 2,328,350 |
in the clinic of Professor Eppinger in Vienna. A.Professor Eppinger suggested that, but when it was discovered that it would require 40 subjects for a period of four weeks he withdrew his suggestion again because that would not have been ****possible in his clinic. Q.Did Professor Eppinger want to supervise the experim... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,328,300 | 2,328,800 |
number of examples in the medical history of the world of such experiments being carried out on prisoners. I pointed out that under his predecessors, Generaloberstabsarzt Professor Hippke and Holzloehner, such experiments had been carried out and finally I pointed out that the sea-water experiments were absolutely harm... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,328,750 | 2,329,250 |
a later time, I again spoke to Prof. Dr. Schroeder about this matter, and that he expressed his regret on this occasion that these experiments could not be carried out in the Luftwaffe Hospital in Brunswick which was under my direction." This affidavit is signed and certified by the notary Eberhard Grimm on the 9 Janua... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,329,200 | 2,329,700 |
of this document there is a translation which we consider incorrect. It is the first sentence which has the words "voluntary experimental subject". In the English translation, which unfortunately we do not have officially yet, the punctuations are different from the German, and the "voluntary experimental subjects" was... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,329,650 | 2,330,150 |
as well as the English. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal would like to be advised the name of the person who made that translation, if that can be furnished for the record. DR. MARX:I have just been informed that it was a Mr. Dirks. THE PRESIDENT:Does this gentleman who made the translation, this Mr. Dirks, hold any official... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,330,100 | 2,330,600 |
up the time of the Tribunal unnecessarily. THE PRESIDENT:I think this matter should be delayed until after the interpreters have reported on the translation. DR. MARX:Very well. Mr. President, may I suggest that we recess now so that I can discuss this point with Dr. Becker-Freyseng since this is one of the most import... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,330,550 | 2,331,050 |
If it was stated that these two commas were erroneously inserted, we could then discuss the question as to whether the sentence is ambiguous or not. First of all, however, it would have to be stated that these two commas were wrongly inserted. They do not correspond to the German original. THE PRESIDENT:It would seem t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,331,000 | 2,331,500 |
the part of the defendant. DR. MARX:Your Honors, I shall then wait to see how this matter is decided upon by the translators and experts and shall continue with this point in my case later. Q.Witness, please state your point of view briefly regarding the rest of the contents of this letter which is very well known to y... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,331,450 | 2,331,950 |
happened in this matter after the letter was sent off? A.First, we waited for the answer from the minister of the Interior and Chief of the German Police and in the meantime Professor Beiglboeck was told to report to the office of the Chief of the Medical Inspectorate. Q.Did you receive a prompt reply to this letter an... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,331,900 | 2,332,400 |
and from the departmental chief he received, in my presence, the more precise instructions as to how they were to be carried out. In the preliminary discussion that I had with Professor Beiglboeck, Professor Beiglboeck asked me if it would not be possible to carry out these experiments elsewhere because he wasn't very ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,332,350 | 2,332,850 |
of water and sea water that were prescribed for the experiments? I answered that I did not think that particular precautionary measures should be taken because these were volunteers who because of their considerably better food which preceded the experiments were interested in the experiments and if it was explained to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,332,800 | 2,333,300 |
in the meantime, we had not been in touch with one another, but I must say, that in July and August, 1944, both Berlin and Munich were subject to almost daily air raids and that it took even telegrams four or five weeks to reach their destination in Germany; that enormous difficulties confronted one wishing to make an ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,333,250 | 2,333,750 |
and was now in some punitive company or some other such unit and was receiving more severe treatment. This man, of course, wanted to erase that blot against him and I believe he applied to Professor Beiglboeck, through a prisoner nurse, for permission to be used in the experiments. QYour Honors, I put in, in this conne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,333,700 | 2,334,200 |
to make. THE PRESIDENT:I understood that the witness made that suggestion. I don't know what the witness is going to say, but the defendant Schaefer would certainly be in a better position to correct his own statement. The witness may proceed. BY DR. MARX: AI myself had just requested that Dr. Schaefer clarify these mi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,334,150 | 2,334,650 |
is a recent description of the history of the use of sea-water as a drinking cure. This is written by Dr. Hermann Bruening. This document proves that sea water has long been used in medicine as a therapeutical means and if using less than 300 cc you do not have to expect diarrhea and also sea-water is used for intestio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,334,600 | 2,335,100 |
in actual emergency sea situations. The experiments which Beiglboeck made of the four and one half days in the experiment on himself I have seen. I have also spoken with two or three of Dr. Schaefer's technical assistants, who stayed without food and drink for four full days and still continued their laboratory duties.... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,335,050 | 2,335,550 |
value whatsoever. THE PRESIDENT:Frankly, the substance of this document is to the effect that the person who fasts will lose weight. The Tribunal is of the opinion that it has no probative value whatsoever and the objection is sustained. DR. MARX:I shall withdraw this document. Witness, it will be necessary to deal wit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,335,500 | 2,336,000 |
in view of the extremely high minded and ethically immaculate fundamental attitude of the aviation medical research workers I knew." And then on page 3, about the middle: "Becker-Freyseng was very upset that he had especially to set a difficult metabolism experiment in motion for such 'obvious nonsense' but he saw no o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,335,950 | 2,336,450 |
way against the laws of ethics or morality. In the last two days I have given you the reasons for this conviction of mine as a doctor and as a scientist. As an officer of the former German Wehrmacht I consider it to be my natural claim today even to bear the responsibility that falls to me on the basis of my official p... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,336,400 | 2,336,900 |
July or the beginning of August 1944 -- excuse me, 1942, was taken over by a Luftwaffe crew at the German Research Institute for Aviation, and this must have been the same chamber which according to Dr. Ruff had earlier been in Dachau. Since at that time I was in the Referat for Aviation Medicine and was responsible fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,336,850 | 2,337,350 |
or from your knowledge of literature. Does the effect of adaptation to altitude play an important role in experiments such as we heard of in Dachau for rescue from high altitude? AFirst of all I should like to answer a preliminary question. I do actually consider myself some sort of an expert on these questions. I work... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,337,300 | 2,337,800 |
the slightest adaptation which may exist? AYes, that is true, but I must point out the following: with the aviation medicine experts who constantly performed experiments on themselves in their institute, we are concerned with repeated ascents over a period of many years. That is of course, something quite different tha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,337,750 | 2,338,250 |
The effect was that we made one more carbon copy of our research assignments, and this copy was sent to the office of the Chief of the Wehrmacht Medical Service. QDid these letters about research assignments indicate how the research was to be carried out? ANo, that could hardly be seen from them. I may refer to what I... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,338,200 | 2,338,700 |
chemical warfare agent experiments because, in the institute, I saw many cadets who had bandages on their forearms, and I was told that these were chemical warfare agent tests. QDo you know the Mountain Medical School of the OKH in St. Johann? AYes, I know that institute. TheArmy Mountain Medical School in St. Johann i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,338,650 | 2,339,150 |
you? AThe word "perhaps" expresses that I admit only the possibility. QThen the emphasis is on the "perhaps"? AYes. QDuring your work, at that time, did you ever receive any instructions from Professor Rostock or any suggestions to carry out any experiments? ANo. QThen, Rostock did not suggest the sea-water experiments... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,339,100 | 2,339,600 |
Christensen said, asked, or demanded that the differences within the Luftwaffe should be put in the background on the next day and these differences should not be expressed before the Navy men. Q.And did you or Schaefer at the meeting on the 20th act on this request of Chrisensen, or were there quarrels in spite of it?... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,339,550 | 2,340,050 |
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